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6516610 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonid%20Amalrik | Leonid Amalrik | Leonid Alekseyevich Amalrik (; — 22 October 1997) was a Soviet animator and animation director. He was named Honoured Artist of the RSFSR in 1965.
Early years
Leonid was born to Anna Mikhailovna and Aleksey Ivanovich Amalrik, an employee and later an inspector at the Russia insurance company, a distinguished citizen of Moscow. His paternal great-grandfather Jean Amalric emigrated to Russia from Avignon, France during the 19th century and founded a lace manufactory, but later burned it down during his alcoholic intoxication; both Amalric and his wife were killed in fire, only their 4-year-old son also named Jean survived. He was raised by the French colony in Moscow as Ivan Ivanovich Amalrik and later joined the Albert Hübner's Calico Manufactory. He was married to the daughter of the Moscow 1st class merchant Sergei Belkin from Old Believers. Among their children was Sergei Amalrik, grandfather of the Soviet writer and dissident Andrei Amalrik, and Aleksey Amalrik, father of Leonid.
Amalrik grew up in a wealthy family at the Arbat District in the center of Moscow. At the age of seven he had to spend several months in bed following the appendectomy. During that time he started drawing and became addicted to it. He would later direct a part-autobiographical film A Girl and an Elephant (1969) based on Aleksandr Kuprin's story as well as his childhood memories. In 1925 he entered the State College of Cinema to study for a set decorator. From 1926 to 1928 he worked at Mezhrabpom-Rus as a scene painter assistant under Abram Room, Sergei Eisenstein and Vsevolod Pudovkin.
Career
In 1928 he graduated from college and joined the Gosvoenkino studio as animator along with Yuri Merkulov and Lev Atamanov. Their biggest project was The First Cavalry (1929), a live-action animated film dedicated to the 1st Cavalry Army where Amalrik animated a large military map and invented a number of original techniques in the process such as a combination of stop motion and cutout animation. The movie remained one of the Soviet box office leaders for several years. In 1930 he returned to Mezhrabpomfilm where he co-directed his first traditionally animated short Black and White (1932) with Ivan Ivanov-Vano. It was based on the satirical poem by Vladimir Mayakovsky and addresses issues of American racism in Cuba. After that he was visited by the secret police who questioned him and searched his flat. The director himself explained it as a result of his radical formalistic "anti-Disney" vision and some featured themes that seemed suspicious to them. In 1935 he moved to Mosfilm, and in a year the animation department was transformed into Soyuzmultfilm.
For the first few years Amalrik along with other animators focused on Disney-styled films, despite he didn't tolerate them. Since 1938 he had been actively working in the genre of political satire that allowed for more artistic freedom. In 1939 he joined forces with Vladimir Polkovnikov, and together they directed a trilogy Limpopo (1939), Barmaley (1941) and Peacock's Tail (1946) based on the Doctor Aybolit fairy tales, all shot in full color using the three-color filming process by Pavel Mershin (the color copies of the first two shorts are considered to be lost). It was one of the first Soviet mini-series and among the first distinctive pictures of Soyuzmultfilm that defined the "Soviet style" of animation.
During their work on Barmaley Polkovnikov was enrolled to the army and Amalrik finished it on his own, yet after the war they continued working as a team until 1953. Their most famous work The Grey Neck (1948) based on the tale by Dmitry Mamin-Sibiryak received several awards at international film festivals, including the IV Film Festival in Mariánské Lázně.
With the start of the Great Patriotic War he stayed in Moscow. On July, 1941 his house was destroyed by a bomb during the Nazi bombing of the city. His family survived by a chance, but remained homeless until Korney Chukovsky learned about it and helped them get a new flat. During the first month of war Amalrik gathered a group of those few animators left in the city, including Olga and Nikolai Khodataev, and they produced several anti-Hitler sketches that were released under the Kino-Circus name in 1942. Soon after he was sent to the frontline and ended up in a hospital. He also worked at the Voenttechfilm studio.
Since 1954 he had been directing films on his own. Many of them were adaptations of fairy tales written by his long-time friend Vladimir Suteev, as well as satirical tales by Sergey Mikhalkov aimed at children and adults. In 1958 he directed The Cat's House, "an animated opera parody" based on the fairy tale in verse by Samuil Marshak with the score written by Nikita Bogoslovsky. It was awarded the first prize at the X International Film Festival for Children and Youth in Venice. Among his most popular and quatable works was Thumbelina (1964), an adaptation of Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tale. His last film was Terem-Teremok (1971). After that he left the industry.
Leonid Amalrik died in 1997. He was buried at the Pyatnitskoye cemetery. His wife Nadezhda Mikhailovna Privalova, an artist, worked with him on many of his films.
Films
1932 — Black and White (with Ivan Ivanov-Vano)
1936 — Kolobok (with Vladimir Suteev)
1938 — Politsatire Journal № 1 (one of the sketches, lost)
1939 — Limpopo (with Vladimir Polkovnikov)
1939 — Victorious Route (with Dmitry Babchenko and Vladimir Polkovnikov)
1941 — Barmaley (with Vladimir Polkovnikov)
1942 — Kino-Circus (with Olga Khodataeva)
1946 — Peacock's Tail (with Vladimir Polkovnikov)
1948 — Grey Neck (with Vladimir Polkovnikov)
1950 — Sturdy Fellow (with Vladimir Polkovnikov)
1951 — High Hill (with Vladimir Polkovnikov)
1953 — Magic Shop (with Vladimir Polkovnikov)
1954 — An Arrow Flies into a Fairy Tale
1955 — Postman Snowman
1956 — Little Ship
1958 — The Cat's House
1959 — Three Lumberjacks
1960 — Different Wheels
1960 — Non-Drinking Sparrow. A Tale for Adults
1961 — Family Chronicles
1962 — Two Fairy Tales
1963 — Grandmother's Goatling. A Tale for Adults
1964 — Thumbelina
1966 — About a Hippo Who Was Afraid of Vaccinations
1967 — Fairy Tales for Big and Small
1968 — I Want to Horn!
1969 — A Girl and an Elephant
1971 — Terem-Teremok
See also
History of Russian animation
References
External links
Leonid Amalrik at the Animator.ru (English and Russian)
1905 births
1997 deaths
Russian animated film directors
Artists from Moscow
Russian animators
Russian people of French descent
Russian screenwriters
Soviet animators
Soviet animation directors
Soviet military personnel of World War II
Soviet screenwriters
20th-century screenwriters | [
"Leonid Alekseyevich Amalrik (; — 22 October 1997) was a Soviet animator and animation director.",
"He was named Honoured Artist of the RSFSR in 1965.",
"Early years\nLeonid was born to Anna Mikhailovna and Aleksey Ivanovich Amalrik, an employee and later an inspector at the Russia insurance company, a distinguished citizen of Moscow.",
"His paternal great-grandfather Jean Amalric emigrated to Russia from Avignon, France during the 19th century and founded a lace manufactory, but later burned it down during his alcoholic intoxication; both Amalric and his wife were killed in fire, only their 4-year-old son also named Jean survived.",
"He was raised by the French colony in Moscow as Ivan Ivanovich Amalrik and later joined the Albert Hübner's Calico Manufactory.",
"He was married to the daughter of the Moscow 1st class merchant Sergei Belkin from Old Believers.",
"Among their children was Sergei Amalrik, grandfather of the Soviet writer and dissident Andrei Amalrik, and Aleksey Amalrik, father of Leonid.",
"Amalrik grew up in a wealthy family at the Arbat District in the center of Moscow.",
"At the age of seven he had to spend several months in bed following the appendectomy.",
"During that time he started drawing and became addicted to it.",
"He would later direct a part-autobiographical film A Girl and an Elephant (1969) based on Aleksandr Kuprin's story as well as his childhood memories.",
"In 1925 he entered the State College of Cinema to study for a set decorator.",
"From 1926 to 1928 he worked at Mezhrabpom-Rus as a scene painter assistant under Abram Room, Sergei Eisenstein and Vsevolod Pudovkin.",
"Career\n\nIn 1928 he graduated from college and joined the Gosvoenkino studio as animator along with Yuri Merkulov and Lev Atamanov.",
"Their biggest project was The First Cavalry (1929), a live-action animated film dedicated to the 1st Cavalry Army where Amalrik animated a large military map and invented a number of original techniques in the process such as a combination of stop motion and cutout animation.",
"The movie remained one of the Soviet box office leaders for several years.",
"In 1930 he returned to Mezhrabpomfilm where he co-directed his first traditionally animated short Black and White (1932) with Ivan Ivanov-Vano.",
"It was based on the satirical poem by Vladimir Mayakovsky and addresses issues of American racism in Cuba.",
"After that he was visited by the secret police who questioned him and searched his flat.",
"The director himself explained it as a result of his radical formalistic \"anti-Disney\" vision and some featured themes that seemed suspicious to them.",
"In 1935 he moved to Mosfilm, and in a year the animation department was transformed into Soyuzmultfilm.",
"For the first few years Amalrik along with other animators focused on Disney-styled films, despite he didn't tolerate them.",
"Since 1938 he had been actively working in the genre of political satire that allowed for more artistic freedom.",
"In 1939 he joined forces with Vladimir Polkovnikov, and together they directed a trilogy Limpopo (1939), Barmaley (1941) and Peacock's Tail (1946) based on the Doctor Aybolit fairy tales, all shot in full color using the three-color filming process by Pavel Mershin (the color copies of the first two shorts are considered to be lost).",
"It was one of the first Soviet mini-series and among the first distinctive pictures of Soyuzmultfilm that defined the \"Soviet style\" of animation.",
"During their work on Barmaley Polkovnikov was enrolled to the army and Amalrik finished it on his own, yet after the war they continued working as a team until 1953.",
"Their most famous work The Grey Neck (1948) based on the tale by Dmitry Mamin-Sibiryak received several awards at international film festivals, including the IV Film Festival in Mariánské Lázně.",
"With the start of the Great Patriotic War he stayed in Moscow.",
"On July, 1941 his house was destroyed by a bomb during the Nazi bombing of the city.",
"His family survived by a chance, but remained homeless until Korney Chukovsky learned about it and helped them get a new flat.",
"During the first month of war Amalrik gathered a group of those few animators left in the city, including Olga and Nikolai Khodataev, and they produced several anti-Hitler sketches that were released under the Kino-Circus name in 1942.",
"Soon after he was sent to the frontline and ended up in a hospital.",
"He also worked at the Voenttechfilm studio.",
"Since 1954 he had been directing films on his own.",
"Many of them were adaptations of fairy tales written by his long-time friend Vladimir Suteev, as well as satirical tales by Sergey Mikhalkov aimed at children and adults.",
"In 1958 he directed The Cat's House, \"an animated opera parody\" based on the fairy tale in verse by Samuil Marshak with the score written by Nikita Bogoslovsky.",
"It was awarded the first prize at the X International Film Festival for Children and Youth in Venice.",
"Among his most popular and quatable works was Thumbelina (1964), an adaptation of Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tale.",
"His last film was Terem-Teremok (1971).",
"After that he left the industry.",
"Leonid Amalrik died in 1997.",
"He was buried at the Pyatnitskoye cemetery.",
"His wife Nadezhda Mikhailovna Privalova, an artist, worked with him on many of his films.",
"Films\n\n 1932 — Black and White (with Ivan Ivanov-Vano)\n 1936 — Kolobok (with Vladimir Suteev)\n 1938 — Politsatire Journal № 1 (one of the sketches, lost)\n 1939 — Limpopo (with Vladimir Polkovnikov)\n 1939 — Victorious Route (with Dmitry Babchenko and Vladimir Polkovnikov)\n 1941 — Barmaley (with Vladimir Polkovnikov)\n 1942 — Kino-Circus (with Olga Khodataeva)\n 1946 — Peacock's Tail (with Vladimir Polkovnikov)\n 1948 — Grey Neck (with Vladimir Polkovnikov)\n 1950 — Sturdy Fellow (with Vladimir Polkovnikov)\n 1951 — High Hill (with Vladimir Polkovnikov)\n 1953 — Magic Shop (with Vladimir Polkovnikov)\n 1954 — An Arrow Flies into a Fairy Tale\n 1955 — Postman Snowman\n 1956 — Little Ship\n 1958 — The Cat's House\n 1959 — Three Lumberjacks\n 1960 — Different Wheels\n 1960 — Non-Drinking Sparrow.",
"A Tale for Adults\n 1961 — Family Chronicles\n 1962 — Two Fairy Tales\n 1963 — Grandmother's Goatling.",
"A Tale for Adults\n 1964 — Thumbelina\n 1966 — About a Hippo Who Was Afraid of Vaccinations\n 1967 — Fairy Tales for Big and Small\n 1968 — I Want to Horn!",
"1969 — A Girl and an Elephant\n 1971 — Terem-Teremok\n\nSee also\n History of Russian animation\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n Leonid Amalrik at the Animator.ru (English and Russian)\n\n1905 births\n1997 deaths\nRussian animated film directors\nArtists from Moscow\nRussian animators\nRussian people of French descent\nRussian screenwriters\nSoviet animators\nSoviet animation directors\nSoviet military personnel of World War II\nSoviet screenwriters\n20th-century screenwriters"
] | [
"He was a Soviet animator and animation director.",
"In 1965, he was named an Honoured Artist of theRSFSR.",
"An inspector at the Russia insurance company and a distinguished citizen of Moscow, Leonid was born to Anna Mikhailovna and Aleksey Ivanovich Amalrik.",
"During the 19th century, his paternal great-grandfather founded a lace manufactory in Avignon, France, but later burned it down when he was drunk and killed his wife and 4-year-old son.",
"He was raised by the French colony in Moscow as Ivan Ivanovich Amalrik.",
"He was married to the daughter of a Moscow 1st class merchant.",
"Sergei Amalrik, grandfather of the Soviet writer and dissident, was among their children.",
"The Arbat District is in the center of Moscow.",
"He had to stay in bed for several months after his appendix was removed at the age of seven.",
"He became addicted to drawing during that time.",
"A Girl and an Elephant is based on the story of a girl and an elephant and was directed by him.",
"He entered the State College of Cinema to study for a degree.",
"He was a scene painter assistant under Sergei Eisenstein and Vsevolod Pudovkin.",
"He joined the Gosvoenkino studio as an animator in 1928 after graduating from college.",
"Their biggest project was The First Cavalry, a live-action animated film that was dedicated to the 1st Cavalry Army and features stop motion and cutout animation.",
"The movie was one of the top box office leaders in the Soviet Union.",
"Black and White was the first traditionally animated short he directed.",
"The satirical poem by Vladimir Mayakovsky addresses issues of American racism in Cuba.",
"He was questioned by the secret police and his flat was searched.",
"The director explained it as a result of his radical formalistic \"anti-Disney\" vision and some featured themes that seemed suspicious to them.",
"The animation department was transformed into Soyuzmultfilm after he moved to Mosfilm in 1935.",
"He didn't tolerate Disney-styled films for the first few years.",
"He worked in the genre of political satire that allowed for more artistic freedom.",
"In 1939 he joined forces with Vladimir Polkovnikov to make a trilogy based on the Doctor Aybolit fairy tales, all shot in full color using the three-color filming process.",
"It was one of the first pictures of the Soviet style of animation.",
"After the war, they continued to work as a team, even though Polkovnikov was Enrolled to the army.",
"The Grey Neck received several awards at international film festivals, including the IV Film Festival in Marinské Lzn.",
"He stayed in Moscow during the Great Patriotic War.",
"During the Nazi bombing of the city, his house was destroyed.",
"His family was homeless until Korney Chukovsky helped them get a new apartment.",
"Several anti-Hitler sketches were released under the name Kino-Circus during the first month of war, as a result of a group of animators left in the city.",
"He ended up in a hospital after being sent to the frontline.",
"He worked at the studio.",
"He had been directing his own films.",
"Many of them were adapted from fairy tales written by his friend, Vladimir Suteev.",
"The Cat's House was an opera parody based on a fairy tale and was directed by him.",
"The X International Film Festival for Children and Youth in Venice awarded it the first prize.",
"Thumbelina, an adaptation of Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tale, was one of his most popular works.",
"Terem-Teremok was his last film.",
"He left the industry after that.",
"He died in 1997.",
"He was buried in a cemetery.",
"His wife worked with him on many of his films.",
"Films in the 1930s include Black and White with Ivan Ivanov-Vano, and Politsatire Journal No 1 with Vladimir Suteev.",
"A Tale for Adults was published in 1961.",
"A Tale for Adults, Thumbelina, About a Hippo Who Was Afraid of Vaccinations, Fairy Tales for Big and Small, and I Want to Horn!",
"The History of Russian animation can be found at the Animator.ru."
] | <mask> (; — 22 October 1997) was a Soviet animator and animation director. He was named Honoured Artist of the RSFSR in 1965. Early years
<mask> was born to Anna Mikhailovna and <mask>, an employee and later an inspector at the Russia insurance company, a distinguished citizen of Moscow. His paternal great-grandfather Jean Amalric emigrated to Russia from Avignon, France during the 19th century and founded a lace manufactory, but later burned it down during his alcoholic intoxication; both Amalric and his wife were killed in fire, only their 4-year-old son also named Jean survived. He was raised by the French colony in Moscow as Ivan Ivanovich Amalrik and later joined the Albert Hübner's Calico Manufactory. He was married to the daughter of the Moscow 1st class merchant Sergei Belkin from Old Believers. Among their children was <mask>, grandfather of the Soviet writer and dissident <mask>, and <mask>, father of <mask>.<mask> grew up in a wealthy family at the Arbat District in the center of Moscow. At the age of seven he had to spend several months in bed following the appendectomy. During that time he started drawing and became addicted to it. He would later direct a part-autobiographical film A Girl and an Elephant (1969) based on Aleksandr Kuprin's story as well as his childhood memories. In 1925 he entered the State College of Cinema to study for a set decorator. From 1926 to 1928 he worked at Mezhrabpom-Rus as a scene painter assistant under Abram Room, Sergei Eisenstein and Vsevolod Pudovkin. Career
In 1928 he graduated from college and joined the Gosvoenkino studio as animator along with Yuri Merkulov and Lev Atamanov.Their biggest project was The First Cavalry (1929), a live-action animated film dedicated to the 1st Cavalry Army where <mask> animated a large military map and invented a number of original techniques in the process such as a combination of stop motion and cutout animation. The movie remained one of the Soviet box office leaders for several years. In 1930 he returned to Mezhrabpomfilm where he co-directed his first traditionally animated short Black and White (1932) with Ivan Ivanov-Vano. It was based on the satirical poem by Vladimir Mayakovsky and addresses issues of American racism in Cuba. After that he was visited by the secret police who questioned him and searched his flat. The director himself explained it as a result of his radical formalistic "anti-Disney" vision and some featured themes that seemed suspicious to them. In 1935 he moved to Mosfilm, and in a year the animation department was transformed into Soyuzmultfilm.For the first few years <mask> along with other animators focused on Disney-styled films, despite he didn't tolerate them. Since 1938 he had been actively working in the genre of political satire that allowed for more artistic freedom. In 1939 he joined forces with Vladimir Polkovnikov, and together they directed a trilogy Limpopo (1939), Barmaley (1941) and Peacock's Tail (1946) based on the Doctor Aybolit fairy tales, all shot in full color using the three-color filming process by Pavel Mershin (the color copies of the first two shorts are considered to be lost). It was one of the first Soviet mini-series and among the first distinctive pictures of Soyuzmultfilm that defined the "Soviet style" of animation. During their work on Barmaley Polkovnikov was enrolled to the army and <mask> finished it on his own, yet after the war they continued working as a team until 1953. Their most famous work The Grey Neck (1948) based on the tale by Dmitry Mamin-Sibiryak received several awards at international film festivals, including the IV Film Festival in Mariánské Lázně. With the start of the Great Patriotic War he stayed in Moscow.On July, 1941 his house was destroyed by a bomb during the Nazi bombing of the city. His family survived by a chance, but remained homeless until Korney Chukovsky learned about it and helped them get a new flat. During the first month of war <mask> gathered a group of those few animators left in the city, including Olga and Nikolai Khodataev, and they produced several anti-Hitler sketches that were released under the Kino-Circus name in 1942. Soon after he was sent to the frontline and ended up in a hospital. He also worked at the Voenttechfilm studio. Since 1954 he had been directing films on his own. Many of them were adaptations of fairy tales written by his long-time friend Vladimir Suteev, as well as satirical tales by Sergey Mikhalkov aimed at children and adults.In 1958 he directed The Cat's House, "an animated opera parody" based on the fairy tale in verse by Samuil Marshak with the score written by Nikita Bogoslovsky. It was awarded the first prize at the X International Film Festival for Children and Youth in Venice. Among his most popular and quatable works was Thumbelina (1964), an adaptation of Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tale. His last film was Terem-Teremok (1971). After that he left the industry. <mask> <mask> died in 1997. He was buried at the Pyatnitskoye cemetery.His wife Nadezhda Mikhailovna Privalova, an artist, worked with him on many of his films. Films
1932 — Black and White (with Ivan Ivanov-Vano)
1936 — Kolobok (with Vladimir Suteev)
1938 — Politsatire Journal № 1 (one of the sketches, lost)
1939 — Limpopo (with Vladimir Polkovnikov)
1939 — Victorious Route (with Dmitry Babchenko and Vladimir Polkovnikov)
1941 — Barmaley (with Vladimir Polkovnikov)
1942 — Kino-Circus (with Olga Khodataeva)
1946 — Peacock's Tail (with Vladimir Polkovnikov)
1948 — Grey Neck (with Vladimir Polkovnikov)
1950 — Sturdy Fellow (with Vladimir Polkovnikov)
1951 — High Hill (with Vladimir Polkovnikov)
1953 — Magic Shop (with Vladimir Polkovnikov)
1954 — An Arrow Flies into a Fairy Tale
1955 — Postman Snowman
1956 — Little Ship
1958 — The Cat's House
1959 — Three Lumberjacks
1960 — Different Wheels
1960 — Non-Drinking Sparrow. A Tale for Adults
1961 — Family Chronicles
1962 — Two Fairy Tales
1963 — Grandmother's Goatling. A Tale for Adults
1964 — Thumbelina
1966 — About a Hippo Who Was Afraid of Vaccinations
1967 — Fairy Tales for Big and Small
1968 — I Want to Horn! 1969 — A Girl and an Elephant
1971 — Terem-Teremok
See also
History of Russian animation
References
External links
<mask> <mask> at the Animator.ru (English and Russian)
1905 births
1997 deaths
Russian animated film directors
Artists from Moscow
Russian animators
Russian people of French descent
Russian screenwriters
Soviet animators
Soviet animation directors
Soviet military personnel of World War II
Soviet screenwriters
20th-century screenwriters | [
"Leonid Alekseyevich Amalrik",
"Leonid",
"Aleksey Ivanovich Amalrik",
"Sergei Amalrik",
"Andrei Amalrik",
"Aleksey Amalrik",
"Leonid",
"Amalrik",
"Amalrik",
"Amalrik",
"Amalrik",
"Amalrik",
"Leonid",
"Amalrik",
"Leonid",
"Amalrik"
] | He was a Soviet animator and animation director. In 1965, he was named an Honoured Artist of theRSFSR. An inspector at the Russia insurance company and a distinguished citizen of Moscow, <mask> was born to Anna Mikhailovna and <mask>. During the 19th century, his paternal great-grandfather founded a lace manufactory in Avignon, France, but later burned it down when he was drunk and killed his wife and 4-year-old son. He was raised by the French colony in Moscow as <mask>. He was married to the daughter of a Moscow 1st class merchant. <mask>, grandfather of the Soviet writer and dissident, was among their children.The Arbat District is in the center of Moscow. He had to stay in bed for several months after his appendix was removed at the age of seven. He became addicted to drawing during that time. A Girl and an Elephant is based on the story of a girl and an elephant and was directed by him. He entered the State College of Cinema to study for a degree. He was a scene painter assistant under Sergei Eisenstein and Vsevolod Pudovkin. He joined the Gosvoenkino studio as an animator in 1928 after graduating from college.Their biggest project was The First Cavalry, a live-action animated film that was dedicated to the 1st Cavalry Army and features stop motion and cutout animation. The movie was one of the top box office leaders in the Soviet Union. Black and White was the first traditionally animated short he directed. The satirical poem by Vladimir Mayakovsky addresses issues of American racism in Cuba. He was questioned by the secret police and his flat was searched. The director explained it as a result of his radical formalistic "anti-Disney" vision and some featured themes that seemed suspicious to them. The animation department was transformed into Soyuzmultfilm after he moved to Mosfilm in 1935.He didn't tolerate Disney-styled films for the first few years. He worked in the genre of political satire that allowed for more artistic freedom. In 1939 he joined forces with Vladimir Polkovnikov to make a trilogy based on the Doctor Aybolit fairy tales, all shot in full color using the three-color filming process. It was one of the first pictures of the Soviet style of animation. After the war, they continued to work as a team, even though Polkovnikov was Enrolled to the army. The Grey Neck received several awards at international film festivals, including the IV Film Festival in Marinské Lzn. He stayed in Moscow during the Great Patriotic War.During the Nazi bombing of the city, his house was destroyed. His family was homeless until Korney Chukovsky helped them get a new apartment. Several anti-Hitler sketches were released under the name Kino-Circus during the first month of war, as a result of a group of animators left in the city. He ended up in a hospital after being sent to the frontline. He worked at the studio. He had been directing his own films. Many of them were adapted from fairy tales written by his friend, Vladimir Suteev.The Cat's House was an opera parody based on a fairy tale and was directed by him. The X International Film Festival for Children and Youth in Venice awarded it the first prize. Thumbelina, an adaptation of Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tale, was one of his most popular works. Terem-Teremok was his last film. He left the industry after that. He died in 1997. He was buried in a cemetery.His wife worked with him on many of his films. Films in the 1930s include Black and White with Ivan Ivanov-Vano, and Politsatire Journal No 1 with Vladimir Suteev. A Tale for Adults was published in 1961. A Tale for Adults, Thumbelina, About a Hippo Who Was Afraid of Vaccinations, Fairy Tales for Big and Small, and I Want to Horn! The History of Russian animation can be found at the Animator.ru. | [
"Leonid",
"Aleksey Ivanovich Amalrik",
"Ivan Ivanovich Amalrik",
"Sergei Amalrik"
] |
59936930 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Harding%20%28photographer%29 | John Harding (photographer) | John Forrest Harding (born 1940) is a San Francisco–based photographer best known for the color street photography that he has pursued for four decades. Harding is the author of several photography books, and has taught courses on photography at City College of San Francisco and College of Marin.
Life and career
John Harding was born on August 6, 1940 in Washington, D.C. and grew up in Granite City, Illinois. He worked at Granite City Steel, studied at Southern Illinois University, took up photography after seeing the film Blow-up, and studied at the San Francisco Art Institute under Jack Fulton and Henry Wessel, obtaining an MFA in 1976.
Harding has worked on commercial and editorial assignments (for Fortune and elsewhere), and has taught in the College of Marin and the Photography Department of the City College of San Francisco.
Separately from the work he was assigned to do, Harding long photographed for his own interest. From 1975 to 1976, he made black and white portraits of adult brothers and sisters in the US. Thanks in part to an NEA grant, the series was published in 1982 in the photobooks Geschwister and Siblings; in 2016, he published a supplement, also titled Siblings.
Harding started to work in color in 1977. Writing in 2011, Stacen Berg described him as having photographed on the street "[n]early every day for over 30 years" (and still using color 35 mm film in a Leica camera).
In 1989, Susan Kismaric could write that street photography, "so prominent in the history of [photography], is practically nonexistent in California": as its exponents there, she could only name Harding, Wessel and Bill Dane in San Francisco, and Anthony Hernandez on Rodeo Drive.
Harding's street photography of the 1980s was sampled in the 1987 book American Independents. Its editor, Sally Eauclaire, wrote that Harding's photographs had the objective of "[deriving] poetic fancy from prosaic fact", that "Their kaleidoscopically shifting shapes and colors reveal much about the jostle of humanity as well as trends in fashion and social and sexual mores." Eauclaire praised Harding's achievement of "[pushing] realism into the realm of surrealism", attained via devices of isolation within crowds, of reflections, "helterskelter highlighting, and hedonistic jostlings of color". Yet Harding managed to declare "solidity, permanence, and the possibility of definition".
A larger collection did not appear in print until the 2011 publication (in Japan) of Harding's photobook Analog Days, which had photographs taken from 1979 to 2009, and about which Stan Banos writes:
One sees much street photography that relies on a single formula, Harding's work mixes it up, with content, composition and yes, color, all vying and battling it out for domination, or the creation of some tenuous, dynamic coexistence. It draws you in, excites you and keeps you interested.
In a foreword to Analog Days, Sandra S. Phillips writes that its photographs "are so direct, and so marvelously natural, that for a moment we forget that they were framed and 'taken' by someone." She concludes that "Street photography has the potential to reveal our social selves to us, and as Harding's viewfinder shows, it can also provide a particular gracefulness and wonder."
Harding's next full-scale book was Streets of Discontent, published in a small edition in 2018. Again collecting color views of the streets of San Francisco, but this time consisting of very recent work, its subtlety is praised by Corey Keller, who also points out that:
[This work] coincides with a moment in which [San Francisco] seems to teeter on the brink as the gap between the haves and the have-nots widens daily into a chasm. The splendor of the city's soaring new buildings is matched only by the wretchedness of those who live on its streets. Harding's pictures neither elevate nor condemn. They just ask us to notice.
Awards
National Endowment for the Arts individual photographer's fellowship, 1977.
John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation photographer's fellowship, 1983.
Exhibitions
Solo and two-person exhibitions
The Siblings. (With Laura Gilpin.) Focus Gallery, San Francisco, 1976.
Fifty-two Sittings. Canessa Gallery, San Francisco, 1977.
Greece/Photographs. IVC Gallery, Novato, California, 1982.
Pictures Seen/Fortunes Found: Color Photographs from San Francisco's Chinatown. Canessa Gallery, San Francisco, 1977.
Two Views of Mallorca. (With Elena Sheehan.) Focus Gallery, San Francisco, 1985.
Group exhibitions
Color in the Street. California Museum of Photography (UCR), March–April 1983. With Mark Cohen, Helen Levitt, Joel Meyerowitz, Leo Rubinfien, Stephen Scheer, Joel Sternfeld, Charles Traub, Robert Walker, Alex Webb.
Exposed and Developed. National Museum of American Art, Smithsonian Institution (traveling exhibition), 1984.
Color Photographs: Recent Acquisitions. Museum of Modern Art, August–October 1984.
Cross Currents/Cross Country. Photographic Resource Center, Boston University, August–October 1988.
Real Fictions: Recent Color Photographs by Bill Dane, John Harding and Larry Sultan. San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, 1989. With Bill Dane and Larry Sultan, curated by Sandra S. Phillips.
10 x 10 x 10: An Invitational Exhibition. San Francisco City Hall, July–September 2009. Ten photographers – Harding, and Chris McCaw, Jesse Schlesinger, Daniel Grant, Alexander Martinez, Mark McKnight, Ken Botto, Mary Parisi, Lucy Goodhart, Eric Percher – each exhibited ten works. "Stacen Berg chose John Harding for his careful compositions of people who are 'entirely distanced from their public environment'."
The Anniversary Show. San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, 2009–2011.
Hamburger Eyes presents: Casual Abyss. Mission Cultural Center for Latino Arts, San Francisco, May–July 2010.
San Francisco Days: Documentary Photographs Spanning 30 Years. Rayko Photo Center, January–February 2013. With Janet Delaney, Lou Dematteis, Gabriela Hasbun, André Hermann, Michael Jang, Mimi Plumb, and Andrei Riskin.
3@6×6 face/people/action. Photo, Oakland, CA, March 2015. With Michael Jang and Hiroyo Kaneko.
Publications
Books and booklets by Harding
Geschwister. Frankfurt am Main: Dieter Fricke, 1982. . With text by Gabriele Wohmann.
Siblings. Frankfurt am Main: Dieter Fricke, 1982. . Captions (one sentence or a little more per photograph, uttered by a sibling at the time) in both German and English; other text in English only.
Analog Days = . Tokyo: , 2011. . Edited by Henry Wessel; foreword by Sandra S. Phillips; introduction by Stacen Berg. In both English and Japanese. Edition of 500.
Trees Places and People. [San Francisco]: [John Harding], 2015. Photographs taken in San Francisco, 2013–2015. Edition of 50.
The Attraction of Strangers. [San Francisco]: [John Harding], Hannah Louise Schuster, Mūnbeibī Design Studio [2016]. . With text by Katya Kallsen. Edition of 10. On the first page: "On New Year's Day 1992, I divided a map of San Francisco into thirty three squares and put the pieces into a small green bag. I resolved once a week to draw a square from the bag and drive to that part of the city to look for a stranger who I might want to photograph. I asked Katya to join me to write about these encounters. These words and photographs tell and show where we went and who we found"
San Francisco Four × Five. [San Francisco]: [John Harding], Hannah Louise Schuster, Mūnbeibī Design Studio [2016]. . Edition of 10. On the first page: "The 4x5 photographs of San Francisco in this book were taken between 2002 and 2004."
Siblings. [San Francisco]: [John Harding], 2016. . On the very first (but unnumbered) page: "These thirty-three photographs were taken in the late 1970s on an NEA Grant for a Siblings project, which resulted in a book published in Germany in 1982. In retrospect these photographs seem just as interesting as those in the first book, and this was done to catalogue the remainder of the work."
Seeing Things. [San Francisco]: [John Harding], 2016. . On the first page: "The photographs in this book were made between 1977 and 1982. Most of them were taken in 1981 along the coast of California."
Streets of Discontent. [San Francisco]: [John Harding], 2018. . Edited by Henry Wessel; introduction by Corey Keller; afterword by Jack von Euw. Edition of 50. On the title page: "The photographs in this book were made primarily in San Francisco and some in Los Angeles in 2017 and 2018."
Books with contributions by Harding
Sally Eauclaire, ed. American Independents: Eighteen Color Photographers. New York: Abbeville, 1987. . Includes "Perfect Strangers" by Harding (eight plates, each "Untitled 1983–84"); and also work by Larry Babis, Jim Dow, William Eggleston, Mitch Epstein, David T. Hanson, Len Jenshel, Nancy Lloyd, Kenneth McGowan, Roger Mertin, Joel Meyerowitz, Richard Misrach, Joanne Mulberg, Stephen Scheer, Stephen Shore, Joel Sternfeld, Jack D. Teemer, Jr., and Daniel S. Williams.
Chuck Mobley, ed. An Autobiography of the San Francisco Bay Area, Part 1: San Francisco Plays Itself. San Francisco: SF Camerawork, 2010. .
Permanent collections
California Museum of Photography, University of California, Riverside.
San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. Eighty inkjet prints from Analog Days; prints from the series Siblings and Aspects of an Aviary, and others.
Arizona State University Art Museum, Tempe.
New Orleans Museum of Art.
Princeton University Art Museum, Princeton, New Jersey. Four untitled color prints, 1980–1983.
International Center of Photography, New York.
Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. Six chromogenic prints.
Museum of Modern Art, New York. Six photographs.
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Nine photographs.
First National Bank of Chicago Photography Collection.
Smithsonian American Art Museum. Prints from the series Siblings. (The Smithsonian holds the records of the Focus Gallery.)
Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris.
Archive
The Bancroft Library (University of California, Berkeley) acquired a large photographic archive () from Harding in 2010; it has been supplemented several times since then.
Notes
References
External links
ジョンハーディング氏、印刷立合いに来られました! (SunM Color, October 22, 2011): The company that printed Analog Days reports on Harding and Michitaka Ōta's visit to supervise printing.
Photographers from San Francisco
Photographers from Illinois
Photographers from Washington, D.C.
Street photographers
American portrait photographers
People from Granite City, Illinois
San Francisco Art Institute alumni
Southern Illinois University Carbondale alumni
City College of San Francisco faculty
College of Marin faculty
National Endowment for the Arts Fellows
Living people
1940 births | [
"John Forrest Harding (born 1940) is a San Francisco–based photographer best known for the color street photography that he has pursued for four decades.",
"Harding is the author of several photography books, and has taught courses on photography at City College of San Francisco and College of Marin.",
"Life and career\nJohn Harding was born on August 6, 1940 in Washington, D.C. and grew up in Granite City, Illinois.",
"He worked at Granite City Steel, studied at Southern Illinois University, took up photography after seeing the film Blow-up, and studied at the San Francisco Art Institute under Jack Fulton and Henry Wessel, obtaining an MFA in 1976.",
"Harding has worked on commercial and editorial assignments (for Fortune and elsewhere), and has taught in the College of Marin and the Photography Department of the City College of San Francisco.",
"Separately from the work he was assigned to do, Harding long photographed for his own interest.",
"From 1975 to 1976, he made black and white portraits of adult brothers and sisters in the US.",
"Thanks in part to an NEA grant, the series was published in 1982 in the photobooks Geschwister and Siblings; in 2016, he published a supplement, also titled Siblings.",
"Harding started to work in color in 1977.",
"Writing in 2011, Stacen Berg described him as having photographed on the street \"[n]early every day for over 30 years\" (and still using color 35 mm film in a Leica camera).",
"In 1989, Susan Kismaric could write that street photography, \"so prominent in the history of [photography], is practically nonexistent in California\": as its exponents there, she could only name Harding, Wessel and Bill Dane in San Francisco, and Anthony Hernandez on Rodeo Drive.",
"Harding's street photography of the 1980s was sampled in the 1987 book American Independents.",
"Its editor, Sally Eauclaire, wrote that Harding's photographs had the objective of \"[deriving] poetic fancy from prosaic fact\", that \"Their kaleidoscopically shifting shapes and colors reveal much about the jostle of humanity as well as trends in fashion and social and sexual mores.\"",
"Eauclaire praised Harding's achievement of \"[pushing] realism into the realm of surrealism\", attained via devices of isolation within crowds, of reflections, \"helterskelter highlighting, and hedonistic jostlings of color\".",
"Yet Harding managed to declare \"solidity, permanence, and the possibility of definition\".",
"A larger collection did not appear in print until the 2011 publication (in Japan) of Harding's photobook Analog Days, which had photographs taken from 1979 to 2009, and about which Stan Banos writes:\n\nOne sees much street photography that relies on a single formula, Harding's work mixes it up, with content, composition and yes, color, all vying and battling it out for domination, or the creation of some tenuous, dynamic coexistence.",
"It draws you in, excites you and keeps you interested.",
"In a foreword to Analog Days, Sandra S. Phillips writes that its photographs \"are so direct, and so marvelously natural, that for a moment we forget that they were framed and 'taken' by someone.\"",
"She concludes that \"Street photography has the potential to reveal our social selves to us, and as Harding's viewfinder shows, it can also provide a particular gracefulness and wonder.\"",
"Harding's next full-scale book was Streets of Discontent, published in a small edition in 2018.",
"Again collecting color views of the streets of San Francisco, but this time consisting of very recent work, its subtlety is praised by Corey Keller, who also points out that:\n\n[This work] coincides with a moment in which [San Francisco] seems to teeter on the brink as the gap between the haves and the have-nots widens daily into a chasm.",
"The splendor of the city's soaring new buildings is matched only by the wretchedness of those who live on its streets.",
"Harding's pictures neither elevate nor condemn.",
"They just ask us to notice.",
"Awards\n\nNational Endowment for the Arts individual photographer's fellowship, 1977.",
"John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation photographer's fellowship, 1983.",
"Exhibitions\n\nSolo and two-person exhibitions\nThe Siblings.",
"(With Laura Gilpin.)",
"Focus Gallery, San Francisco, 1976.",
"Fifty-two Sittings.",
"Canessa Gallery, San Francisco, 1977.",
"Greece/Photographs.",
"IVC Gallery, Novato, California, 1982.",
"Pictures Seen/Fortunes Found: Color Photographs from San Francisco's Chinatown.",
"Canessa Gallery, San Francisco, 1977.",
"Two Views of Mallorca.",
"(With Elena Sheehan.)",
"Focus Gallery, San Francisco, 1985.",
"Group exhibitions\nColor in the Street.",
"California Museum of Photography (UCR), March–April 1983.",
"With Mark Cohen, Helen Levitt, Joel Meyerowitz, Leo Rubinfien, Stephen Scheer, Joel Sternfeld, Charles Traub, Robert Walker, Alex Webb.",
"Exposed and Developed.",
"National Museum of American Art, Smithsonian Institution (traveling exhibition), 1984.",
"Color Photographs: Recent Acquisitions.",
"Museum of Modern Art, August–October 1984.",
"Cross Currents/Cross Country.",
"Photographic Resource Center, Boston University, August–October 1988.",
"Real Fictions: Recent Color Photographs by Bill Dane, John Harding and Larry Sultan.",
"San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, 1989.",
"With Bill Dane and Larry Sultan, curated by Sandra S. Phillips.",
"10 x 10 x 10: An Invitational Exhibition.",
"San Francisco City Hall, July–September 2009.",
"Ten photographers – Harding, and Chris McCaw, Jesse Schlesinger, Daniel Grant, Alexander Martinez, Mark McKnight, Ken Botto, Mary Parisi, Lucy Goodhart, Eric Percher – each exhibited ten works.",
"\"Stacen Berg chose John Harding for his careful compositions of people who are 'entirely distanced from their public environment'.\"",
"The Anniversary Show.",
"San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, 2009–2011.",
"Hamburger Eyes presents: Casual Abyss.",
"Mission Cultural Center for Latino Arts, San Francisco, May–July 2010.",
"San Francisco Days: Documentary Photographs Spanning 30 Years.",
"Rayko Photo Center, January–February 2013.",
"With Janet Delaney, Lou Dematteis, Gabriela Hasbun, André Hermann, Michael Jang, Mimi Plumb, and Andrei Riskin.",
"3@6×6 face/people/action.",
"Photo, Oakland, CA, March 2015.",
"With Michael Jang and Hiroyo Kaneko.",
"Publications\n\nBooks and booklets by Harding\n\nGeschwister.",
"Frankfurt am Main: Dieter Fricke, 1982. . With text by Gabriele Wohmann.",
"Siblings.",
"Frankfurt am Main: Dieter Fricke, 1982. . Captions (one sentence or a little more per photograph, uttered by a sibling at the time) in both German and English; other text in English only.",
"Analog Days = .",
"Tokyo: , 2011. . Edited by Henry Wessel; foreword by Sandra S. Phillips; introduction by Stacen Berg.",
"In both English and Japanese.",
"Edition of 500.",
"Trees Places and People.",
"[San Francisco]: [John Harding], 2015.",
"Photographs taken in San Francisco, 2013–2015.",
"Edition of 50.",
"The Attraction of Strangers.",
"[San Francisco]: [John Harding], Hannah Louise Schuster, Mūnbeibī Design Studio [2016]. . With text by Katya Kallsen.",
"Edition of 10.",
"On the first page: \"On New Year's Day 1992, I divided a map of San Francisco into thirty three squares and put the pieces into a small green bag.",
"I resolved once a week to draw a square from the bag and drive to that part of the city to look for a stranger who I might want to photograph.",
"I asked Katya to join me to write about these encounters.",
"These words and photographs tell and show where we went and who we found\"\nSan Francisco Four × Five.",
"[San Francisco]: [John Harding], Hannah Louise Schuster, Mūnbeibī Design Studio [2016]. .",
"Edition of 10.",
"On the first page: \"The 4x5 photographs of San Francisco in this book were taken between 2002 and 2004.\"",
"Siblings.",
"[San Francisco]: [John Harding], 2016. . On the very first (but unnumbered) page: \"These thirty-three photographs were taken in the late 1970s on an NEA Grant for a Siblings project, which resulted in a book published in Germany in 1982.",
"In retrospect these photographs seem just as interesting as those in the first book, and this was done to catalogue the remainder of the work.\"",
"Seeing Things.",
"[San Francisco]: [John Harding], 2016. . On the first page: \"The photographs in this book were made between 1977 and 1982.",
"Most of them were taken in 1981 along the coast of California.\"",
"Streets of Discontent.",
"[San Francisco]: [John Harding], 2018. . Edited by Henry Wessel; introduction by Corey Keller; afterword by Jack von Euw.",
"Edition of 50.",
"On the title page: \"The photographs in this book were made primarily in San Francisco and some in Los Angeles in 2017 and 2018.\"",
"Books with contributions by Harding\nSally Eauclaire, ed.",
"American Independents: Eighteen Color Photographers.",
"New York: Abbeville, 1987. . Includes \"Perfect Strangers\" by Harding (eight plates, each \"Untitled 1983–84\"); and also work by Larry Babis, Jim Dow, William Eggleston, Mitch Epstein, David T. Hanson, Len Jenshel, Nancy Lloyd, Kenneth McGowan, Roger Mertin, Joel Meyerowitz, Richard Misrach, Joanne Mulberg, Stephen Scheer, Stephen Shore, Joel Sternfeld, Jack D. Teemer, Jr., and Daniel S. Williams.",
"Chuck Mobley, ed.",
"An Autobiography of the San Francisco Bay Area, Part 1: San Francisco Plays Itself.",
"San Francisco: SF Camerawork, 2010. .",
"Permanent collections\nCalifornia Museum of Photography, University of California, Riverside.",
"San Francisco Museum of Modern Art.",
"Eighty inkjet prints from Analog Days; prints from the series Siblings and Aspects of an Aviary, and others.",
"Arizona State University Art Museum, Tempe.",
"New Orleans Museum of Art.",
"Princeton University Art Museum, Princeton, New Jersey.",
"Four untitled color prints, 1980–1983.",
"International Center of Photography, New York.",
"Museum of Fine Arts, Houston.",
"Six chromogenic prints.",
"Museum of Modern Art, New York.",
"Six photographs.",
"Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.",
"Nine photographs.",
"First National Bank of Chicago Photography Collection.",
"Smithsonian American Art Museum.",
"Prints from the series Siblings.",
"(The Smithsonian holds the records of the Focus Gallery.)",
"Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris.",
"Archive\nThe Bancroft Library (University of California, Berkeley) acquired a large photographic archive () from Harding in 2010; it has been supplemented several times since then.",
"Notes\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nジョンハーディング氏、印刷立合いに来られました! (SunM Color, October 22, 2011): The company that printed Analog Days reports on Harding and Michitaka Ōta's visit to supervise printing.",
"Photographers from San Francisco\nPhotographers from Illinois\nPhotographers from Washington, D.C.\nStreet photographers\nAmerican portrait photographers\nPeople from Granite City, Illinois\nSan Francisco Art Institute alumni\nSouthern Illinois University Carbondale alumni\nCity College of San Francisco faculty\nCollege of Marin faculty\nNational Endowment for the Arts Fellows\nLiving people\n1940 births"
] | [
"John Forrest Harding is a San Francisco–based photographer best known for his color street photography that he has pursued for four decades.",
"At City College of San Francisco and College of Marin, he has taught courses on photography.",
"John was born in Washington, D.C. and grew up in Granite City, Illinois.",
"After seeing the film Blow-up, he took up photography and studied at the San Francisco Art Institute under Jack Fulton and Henry Wessel.",
"The College of Marin and the Photography Department of the City College of San Francisco are where he has taught.",
"From the work he was assigned to do, he photographed for himself.",
"He made portraits of brothers and sisters in the US from 1975 to 1976.",
"The series was published in 1982, thanks to an NEA grant, and in 2016 he published a supplement, also titled Siblings.",
"In 1977 he began to work in color.",
"Stacen Berg wrote in 2011 that he had photographed on the street for over 30 years and still used a 35mm film camera.",
"Susan Kismaric wrote in 1989 that street photography is \"so prominent in the history of photography\" that it's practically absent in California.",
"The street photography of the 1980s was used in the book American Independents.",
"SallyEauclaire wrote that the aim of the photographs was to \"deriving poetic fancy from mundane fact\" and that they revealed much about the jostle of humanity as well as trends in fashion and social and sexual mores.\"",
"Harding's achievement ofpushing realism into the realm of surrealism was praised byEauclaire.",
"He declared \"solidity, permanence, and the possibility of definition\".",
"Stan Banos writes that one sees a lot of street photography that relies on a single formula, but Harding's work mixes it up.",
"It keeps you interested and draws you in.",
"\"For a moment we forget that they were framed and taken by someone, because the photographs are so direct, and so marvelously natural, that they are so direct, and so direct, and so marvelously natural, that they are so direct, and so direct, and so marvelously",
"She says that street photography has the potential to reveal our social selves to us, and that it can also provide a particular gracefulness and wonder.",
"Streets of Discontent was published in a small edition.",
"Again collecting color views of the streets of San Francisco, but this time consisting of very recent work, its subtlety is praised byCorey Keller, who also points out that it coincides with a moment in which San Francisco seems to teeter on the brink.",
"The wretchedness of those who live on the streets is matched only by the magnificence of the city's new buildings.",
"Harding's pictures don't elevate or condemn.",
"They don't ask us to pay attention.",
"The photographer's fellowship was given by the National Endowment for the Arts.",
"The John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation has a photographer's fellowship.",
"There are two-person exhibitions The Siblings.",
"Laura Gilpin.",
"The Focus Gallery was in San Francisco in 1976.",
"There were 52 sittings.",
"The Canessa Gallery was in San Francisco in 1977.",
"Photographs of Greece.",
"IVC Gallery is located in Novato, California.",
"Color photographs from San Francisco's Chinatown were found.",
"The Canessa Gallery was in San Francisco in 1977.",
"There are two views of Mallorca.",
"With Elena.",
"The Focus Gallery was in San Francisco.",
"There are exhibitions called Color in the Street.",
"The California Museum of Photography was open from March to April 1983.",
"Leonard Rubinfien, Mark Cohen, Helen Levitt, and Robert Walker were with them.",
"It was exposed and developed.",
"The National Museum of American Art has a traveling exhibition.",
"Recent acquisitions of color photographs.",
"The Museum of Modern Art was open from August to October 1984.",
"There are cross currents in the country.",
"Boston University has a photographic resource center.",
"Recent Color Photographs by Bill, John, and Larry Sultan are real fictions.",
"The Museum of Modern Art in San Francisco.",
"Bill and Larry Sultan were part of the group.",
"10 x 10 x 10 is an exhibition.",
"In the summer of 2009, San Francisco City Hall.",
"There were ten photographers who exhibited ten works.",
"The compositions of people who areentirely distanced from their public environment were chosen by Stacen Berg.",
"The show was an anniversary show.",
"The San Francisco Museum of Modern Art opened in 2009.",
"Casual Abyss is presented by Hamburger Eyes.",
"The Mission Cultural Center for Latino Arts is located in San Francisco.",
"Documentary Photographs Spanning 30 Years are from San Francisco days.",
"The Rayko Photo Center was open in January and February.",
"With Janet Delaney, Lou Dematteis, and others.",
"3@66 face, people, and action.",
"The picture was taken in Oakland, California, in March 2015.",
"Hiroyo Kaneko was with Michael and Michael.",
"There are books and booklets by Geschwister.",
"The text is by Gabriele Wohmann.",
"Siblings.",
"One sentence or a little more per photograph, uttered by a sibling at the time, is the caption for this book.",
"The days are called analog days.",
"The book was edited by Henry Wessel.",
"In both languages.",
"The edition was 500.",
"People and trees.",
"John Harding was in San Francisco in 2015.",
"The photographs were taken in San Francisco.",
"50 is the edition.",
"The attraction of strangers.",
"The Mnbeib Design Studio is in San Francisco.",
"There is an edition of 10.",
"On New Year's Day 1992, I divided a map of San Francisco into thirty three squares and put the pieces into a small green bag.",
"To find a stranger who I might want to photograph, I drew a square from the bag and drove to that part of the city.",
"I asked Katya to write about them.",
"The words and photographs show where we went and who we found.",
"Mnbeib Design Studio is located in San Francisco.",
"There is an edition of 10.",
"The 4x5 photographs of San Francisco were taken between 2002 and 2004.",
"Siblings.",
"Thirty-three photographs were taken in the late 1970s on an NEA Grant for a Siblings project, which resulted in a book published in Germany in 1982.",
"The photographs seem to be just as interesting as those in the first book, and this was done to catalogue the rest of the work.",
"Seeing things.",
"The photographs in this book were made between 1977 and 1982.",
"In 1981 most of them were taken along the coast of California.",
"There are streets of discontent.",
"The afterword was written by Jack von Euw.",
"50 is the edition.",
"Some of the photographs in the book were made in Los Angeles and San Francisco.",
"SallyEau contributed to books with contributions.",
"Eighteen Color Photographers are American Independents.",
"\"Perfect Strangers\" is one of the works by David T. Hanson, Larry Babis, William Eggleston, and Nancy Lloyd.",
"The ed. was written by Chuck Mobley.",
"San Francisco plays itself in An Autobiography of the San Francisco Bay Area.",
"San Francisco: SF Camerawork.",
"There are permanent collections at the California Museum of Photography.",
"The Museum of Modern Art in San Francisco.",
"The series Siblings and Aspects of an Aviary have prints.",
"There is an art museum at the Arizona State University.",
"The Museum of Art in New Orleans.",
"The art museum is located in New Jersey.",
"Four color prints were made in the 1980's.",
"The International Center of Photography is in New York.",
"The Museum of Fine Arts is in Houston.",
"There are six prints.",
"The Museum of Modern Art is in New York.",
"There are six photographs.",
"The Metropolitan Museum of Art is in New York.",
"There are nine photographs.",
"The First National Bank of Chicago has a photography collection.",
"The American Art Museum.",
"There are prints from the Siblings series.",
"The Focus Gallery's records are held by the Smithsonian.",
"The Bibliothque nationale de France is in Paris.",
"A large photographic archive was acquired by the University of California, Berkeley.",
"There are External links in the Notes References.",
"People from Granite City, Illinois are alumni of the San Francisco Art Institute."
] | <mask> (born 1940) is a San Francisco–based photographer best known for the color street photography that he has pursued for four decades. <mask> is the author of several photography books, and has taught courses on photography at City College of San Francisco and College of Marin. Life and career
<mask> was born on August 6, 1940 in Washington, D.C. and grew up in Granite City, Illinois. He worked at Granite City Steel, studied at Southern Illinois University, took up photography after seeing the film Blow-up, and studied at the San Francisco Art Institute under Jack Fulton and Henry Wessel, obtaining an MFA in 1976. <mask> has worked on commercial and editorial assignments (for Fortune and elsewhere), and has taught in the College of Marin and the Photography Department of the City College of San Francisco. Separately from the work he was assigned to do, <mask> long photographed for his own interest. From 1975 to 1976, he made black and white portraits of adult brothers and sisters in the US.Thanks in part to an NEA grant, the series was published in 1982 in the photobooks Geschwister and Siblings; in 2016, he published a supplement, also titled Siblings. <mask> started to work in color in 1977. Writing in 2011, Stacen Berg described him as having photographed on the street "[n]early every day for over 30 years" (and still using color 35 mm film in a Leica camera). In 1989, Susan Kismaric could write that street photography, "so prominent in the history of [photography], is practically nonexistent in California": as its exponents there, she could only name <mask>, Wessel and Bill Dane in San Francisco, and Anthony Hernandez on Rodeo Drive. <mask>'s street photography of the 1980s was sampled in the 1987 book American Independents. Its editor, Sally Eauclaire, wrote that <mask>'s photographs had the objective of "[deriving] poetic fancy from prosaic fact", that "Their kaleidoscopically shifting shapes and colors reveal much about the jostle of humanity as well as trends in fashion and social and sexual mores." Eauclaire praised <mask>'s achievement of "[pushing] realism into the realm of surrealism", attained via devices of isolation within crowds, of reflections, "helterskelter highlighting, and hedonistic jostlings of color".Yet <mask> managed to declare "solidity, permanence, and the possibility of definition". A larger collection did not appear in print until the 2011 publication (in Japan) of <mask>'s photobook Analog Days, which had photographs taken from 1979 to 2009, and about which Stan Banos writes:
One sees much street photography that relies on a single formula, <mask>'s work mixes it up, with content, composition and yes, color, all vying and battling it out for domination, or the creation of some tenuous, dynamic coexistence. It draws you in, excites you and keeps you interested. In a foreword to Analog Days, Sandra S. Phillips writes that its photographs "are so direct, and so marvelously natural, that for a moment we forget that they were framed and 'taken' by someone." She concludes that "Street photography has the potential to reveal our social selves to us, and as <mask>'s viewfinder shows, it can also provide a particular gracefulness and wonder." <mask>'s next full-scale book was Streets of Discontent, published in a small edition in 2018. Again collecting color views of the streets of San Francisco, but this time consisting of very recent work, its subtlety is praised by Corey Keller, who also points out that:
[This work] coincides with a moment in which [San Francisco] seems to teeter on the brink as the gap between the haves and the have-nots widens daily into a chasm.The splendor of the city's soaring new buildings is matched only by the wretchedness of those who live on its streets. <mask>'s pictures neither elevate nor condemn. They just ask us to notice. Awards
National Endowment for the Arts individual photographer's fellowship, 1977. John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation photographer's fellowship, 1983. Exhibitions
Solo and two-person exhibitions
The Siblings. (With Laura Gilpin.)Focus Gallery, San Francisco, 1976. Fifty-two Sittings. Canessa Gallery, San Francisco, 1977. Greece/Photographs. IVC Gallery, Novato, California, 1982. Pictures Seen/Fortunes Found: Color Photographs from San Francisco's Chinatown. Canessa Gallery, San Francisco, 1977.Two Views of Mallorca. (With Elena Sheehan.) Focus Gallery, San Francisco, 1985. Group exhibitions
Color in the Street. California Museum of Photography (UCR), March–April 1983. With Mark Cohen, Helen Levitt, Joel Meyerowitz, Leo Rubinfien, Stephen Scheer, Joel Sternfeld, Charles Traub, Robert Walker, Alex Webb. Exposed and Developed.National Museum of American Art, Smithsonian Institution (traveling exhibition), 1984. Color Photographs: Recent Acquisitions. Museum of Modern Art, August–October 1984. Cross Currents/Cross Country. Photographic Resource Center, Boston University, August–October 1988. Real Fictions: Recent Color Photographs by Bill Dane, <mask> and Larry Sultan. San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, 1989.With Bill Dane and Larry Sultan, curated by Sandra S. Phillips. 10 x 10 x 10: An Invitational Exhibition. San Francisco City Hall, July–September 2009. Ten photographers <mask>, and Chris McCaw, Jesse Schlesinger, Daniel Grant, Alexander Martinez, Mark McKnight, Ken Botto, Mary Parisi, Lucy Goodhart, Eric Percher – each exhibited ten works. "Stacen Berg chose <mask> for his careful compositions of people who are 'entirely distanced from their public environment'." The Anniversary Show. San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, 2009–2011.Hamburger Eyes presents: Casual Abyss. Mission Cultural Center for Latino Arts, San Francisco, May–July 2010. San Francisco Days: Documentary Photographs Spanning 30 Years. Rayko Photo Center, January–February 2013. With Janet Delaney, Lou Dematteis, Gabriela Hasbun, André Hermann, Michael Jang, Mimi Plumb, and Andrei Riskin. 3@6×6 face/people/action. Photo, Oakland, CA, March 2015.With Michael Jang and Hiroyo Kaneko. Publications
Books and booklets by <mask>
Geschwister. Frankfurt am Main: Dieter Fricke, 1982. . With text by Gabriele Wohmann. Siblings. Frankfurt am Main: Dieter Fricke, 1982. . Captions (one sentence or a little more per photograph, uttered by a sibling at the time) in both German and English; other text in English only. Analog Days = . Tokyo: , 2011. . Edited by Henry Wessel; foreword by Sandra S. Phillips; introduction by Stacen Berg.In both English and Japanese. Edition of 500. Trees Places and People. [San Francisco]: [<mask>], 2015. Photographs taken in San Francisco, 2013–2015. Edition of 50. The Attraction of Strangers.[San Francisco]: [<mask>], Hannah Louise Schuster, Mūnbeibī Design Studio [2016]. . With text by Katya Kallsen. Edition of 10. On the first page: "On New Year's Day 1992, I divided a map of San Francisco into thirty three squares and put the pieces into a small green bag. I resolved once a week to draw a square from the bag and drive to that part of the city to look for a stranger who I might want to photograph. I asked Katya to join me to write about these encounters. These words and photographs tell and show where we went and who we found"
San Francisco Four × Five. [San Francisco]: [<mask>], Hannah Louise Schuster, Mūnbeibī Design Studio [2016]. .Edition of 10. On the first page: "The 4x5 photographs of San Francisco in this book were taken between 2002 and 2004." Siblings. [San Francisco]: [<mask>], 2016. . On the very first (but unnumbered) page: "These thirty-three photographs were taken in the late 1970s on an NEA Grant for a Siblings project, which resulted in a book published in Germany in 1982. In retrospect these photographs seem just as interesting as those in the first book, and this was done to catalogue the remainder of the work." Seeing Things. [San Francisco]: [<mask>], 2016. . On the first page: "The photographs in this book were made between 1977 and 1982.Most of them were taken in 1981 along the coast of California." Streets of Discontent. [San Francisco]: [<mask>], 2018. . Edited by Henry Wessel; introduction by Corey Keller; afterword by Jack von Euw. Edition of 50. On the title page: "The photographs in this book were made primarily in San Francisco and some in Los Angeles in 2017 and 2018." Books with contributions by <mask> Eauclaire, ed. American Independents: Eighteen Color Photographers.New York: Abbeville, 1987. . Includes "Perfect Strangers" by <mask> (eight plates, each "Untitled 1983–84"); and also work by Larry Babis, Jim Dow, William Eggleston, Mitch Epstein, David T. Hanson, Len Jenshel, Nancy Lloyd, Kenneth McGowan, Roger Mertin, Joel Meyerowitz, Richard Misrach, Joanne Mulberg, Stephen Scheer, Stephen Shore, Joel Sternfeld, Jack D. Teemer, Jr., and Daniel S. Williams. Chuck Mobley, ed. An Autobiography of the San Francisco Bay Area, Part 1: San Francisco Plays Itself. San Francisco: SF Camerawork, 2010. . Permanent collections
California Museum of Photography, University of California, Riverside. San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. Eighty inkjet prints from Analog Days; prints from the series Siblings and Aspects of an Aviary, and others.Arizona State University Art Museum, Tempe. New Orleans Museum of Art. Princeton University Art Museum, Princeton, New Jersey. Four untitled color prints, 1980–1983. International Center of Photography, New York. Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. Six chromogenic prints.Museum of Modern Art, New York. Six photographs. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Nine photographs. First National Bank of Chicago Photography Collection. Smithsonian American Art Museum. Prints from the series Siblings.(The Smithsonian holds the records of the Focus Gallery.) Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris. Archive
The Bancroft Library (University of California, Berkeley) acquired a large photographic archive () from Harding in 2010; it has been supplemented several times since then. Notes
References
External links
ジョンハーディング氏、印刷立合いに来られました! (SunM Color, October 22, 2011): The company that printed Analog Days reports on <mask> and Michitaka Ōta's visit to supervise printing. Photographers from San Francisco
Photographers from Illinois
Photographers from Washington, D.C.
Street photographers
American portrait photographers
People from Granite City, Illinois
San Francisco Art Institute alumni
Southern Illinois University Carbondale alumni
City College of San Francisco faculty
College of Marin faculty
National Endowment for the Arts Fellows
Living people
1940 births | [
"John Forrest Harding",
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] | <mask> is a San Francisco–based photographer best known for his color street photography that he has pursued for four decades. At City College of San Francisco and College of Marin, he has taught courses on photography. <mask> was born in Washington, D.C. and grew up in Granite City, Illinois. After seeing the film Blow-up, he took up photography and studied at the San Francisco Art Institute under Jack Fulton and Henry Wessel. The College of Marin and the Photography Department of the City College of San Francisco are where he has taught. From the work he was assigned to do, he photographed for himself. He made portraits of brothers and sisters in the US from 1975 to 1976.The series was published in 1982, thanks to an NEA grant, and in 2016 he published a supplement, also titled Siblings. In 1977 he began to work in color. Stacen Berg wrote in 2011 that he had photographed on the street for over 30 years and still used a 35mm film camera. Susan Kismaric wrote in 1989 that street photography is "so prominent in the history of photography" that it's practically absent in California. The street photography of the 1980s was used in the book American Independents. SallyEauclaire wrote that the aim of the photographs was to "deriving poetic fancy from mundane fact" and that they revealed much about the jostle of humanity as well as trends in fashion and social and sexual mores." <mask>auclaire.He declared "solidity, permanence, and the possibility of definition". Stan Banos writes that one sees a lot of street photography that relies on a single formula, but <mask> Keller, who also points out that it coincides with a moment in which San Francisco seems to teeter on the brink.The wretchedness of those who live on the streets is matched only by the magnificence of the city's new buildings. <mask>'s pictures don't elevate or condemn. They don't ask us to pay attention. The photographer's fellowship was given by the National Endowment for the Arts. The John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation has a photographer's fellowship. There are two-person exhibitions The Siblings. Laura Gilpin.The Focus Gallery was in San Francisco in 1976. There were 52 sittings. The Canessa Gallery was in San Francisco in 1977. Photographs of Greece. IVC Gallery is located in Novato, California. Color photographs from San Francisco's Chinatown were found. The Canessa Gallery was in San Francisco in 1977.There are two views of Mallorca. With Elena. The Focus Gallery was in San Francisco. There are exhibitions called Color in the Street. The California Museum of Photography was open from March to April 1983. Leonard Rubinfien, Mark Cohen, Helen Levitt, and Robert Walker were with them. It was exposed and developed.The National Museum of American Art has a traveling exhibition. Recent acquisitions of color photographs. The Museum of Modern Art was open from August to October 1984. There are cross currents in the country. Boston University has a photographic resource center. Recent Color Photographs by Bill, <mask>, and Larry Sultan are real fictions. The Museum of Modern Art in San Francisco.Bill and Larry Sultan were part of the group. 10 x 10 x 10 is an exhibition. In the summer of 2009, San Francisco City Hall. There were ten photographers who exhibited ten works. The compositions of people who areentirely distanced from their public environment were chosen by Stacen Berg. The show was an anniversary show. The San Francisco Museum of Modern Art opened in 2009.Casual Abyss is presented by Hamburger Eyes. The Mission Cultural Center for Latino Arts is located in San Francisco. Documentary Photographs Spanning 30 Years are from San Francisco days. The Rayko Photo Center was open in January and February. With Janet Delaney, Lou Dematteis, and others. 3@66 face, people, and action. The picture was taken in Oakland, California, in March 2015.Hiroyo Kaneko was with Michael and Michael. There are books and booklets by Geschwister. The text is by Gabriele Wohmann. Siblings. One sentence or a little more per photograph, uttered by a sibling at the time, is the caption for this book. The days are called analog days. The book was edited by Henry Wessel.In both languages. The edition was 500. People and trees. <mask> was in San Francisco in 2015. The photographs were taken in San Francisco. 50 is the edition. The attraction of strangers.The Mnbeib Design Studio is in San Francisco. There is an edition of 10. On New Year's Day 1992, I divided a map of San Francisco into thirty three squares and put the pieces into a small green bag. To find a stranger who I might want to photograph, I drew a square from the bag and drove to that part of the city. I asked Katya to write about them. The words and photographs show where we went and who we found. Mnbeib Design Studio is located in San Francisco.There is an edition of 10. The 4x5 photographs of San Francisco were taken between 2002 and 2004. Siblings. Thirty-three photographs were taken in the late 1970s on an NEA Grant for a Siblings project, which resulted in a book published in Germany in 1982. The photographs seem to be just as interesting as those in the first book, and this was done to catalogue the rest of the work. Seeing things. The photographs in this book were made between 1977 and 1982.In 1981 most of them were taken along the coast of California. There are streets of discontent. The afterword was written by Jack von Euw. 50 is the edition. Some of the photographs in the book were made in Los Angeles and San Francisco. SallyEau contributed to books with contributions. Eighteen Color Photographers are American Independents."Perfect Strangers" is one of the works by David T. Hanson, Larry Babis, William Eggleston, and Nancy Lloyd. The ed. was written by Chuck Mobley. San Francisco plays itself in An Autobiography of the San Francisco Bay Area. San Francisco: SF Camerawork. There are permanent collections at the California Museum of Photography. The Museum of Modern Art in San Francisco. The series Siblings and Aspects of an Aviary have prints.There is an art museum at the Arizona State University. The Museum of Art in New Orleans. The art museum is located in New Jersey. Four color prints were made in the 1980's. The International Center of Photography is in New York. The Museum of Fine Arts is in Houston. There are six prints.The Museum of Modern Art is in New York. There are six photographs. The Metropolitan Museum of Art is in New York. There are nine photographs. The First National Bank of Chicago has a photography collection. The American Art Museum. There are prints from the Siblings series.The Focus Gallery's records are held by the Smithsonian. The Bibliothque nationale de France is in Paris. A large photographic archive was acquired by the University of California, Berkeley. There are External links in the Notes References. People from Granite City, Illinois are alumni of the San Francisco Art Institute. | [
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8238986 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mourad%20Meghni | Mourad Meghni | Mourad Meghni (; born 16 April 1984) is an Algerian former professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder or winger. He was known for his excellent technique. As a young footballer in France, his ability and Algerian heritage earned him the nickname "petit Zidane".
Aged thirteen, Meghni joined the famous academy Le Centre Technique National Fernand Sastre, commonly referred to as Clairefontaine. He decided to leave the academy at the age of 16 and signed for Cannes, where he only remained for one season and opted to move on to Bologna, for whom he made his professional debut on 20 July 2002, against FC BATE in the Intertoto Cup, coming on as a substitute. With Bologna, he came runner-up in the 2002 Intertoto Cup losing out to Fulham on aggregate 5–3. In the summer of 2007, Meghni signed with Lazio on a co-ownership deal for €1.75 million, with the club further paying Bologna an additional €1.75 million for full ownership, in the summer of 2008. He won the 2008–09 Coppa Italia, as well as the 2009 Supercoppa Italiana whilst playing for Lazio.
Meghni is a former French youth international and was a part of the team that won the 2001 FIFA U-17 World Championship, held in Trinidad and Tobago. He opted to play for Algeria at senior level in August 2009, taking advantage of FIFA's new ruling, allowing him to change his national allegiance despite being older than 21 years of age. He made his debut for Algeria in a 1–0 win on 12 August 2009, against Uruguay. He went on to play for Algeria at the 2010 Africa Cup of Nations in Angola.
Early life
Meghni was born on 16 April 1984 in Paris to Ali and Anna, an Algerian father and a Portuguese mother. His father during an interview spoke about how Mourad had been attracted by football at a very early age and that he used to take him to football stadiums very often notably to encourage his older brother Saïd who preceded him on the football pitches. His father also spoke on how Mourad joined several football training schools at an early age including that of Tursi and FC Nantes in France where he made impressive and swift progress as a budding player. His mother stated during the interview that she had always made it her duty together with her husband to visit Algeria every year to get together with all the family members and friends in the family home of Ouled Hadadj.
At the age of 13 Meghni joined the national football school at Clairefontaine there he vastly improved his technique, prior to joining the academy Meghni always played on small pitches hence he learnt quickly the necessary skills and technique that would be needed when beating a man, whilst at Clairefontaine he had a Brazilian coach who helped him improve his technique which he is now known for. Meghni remained at the national football school at Clairefontaine for three years before moving to Cannes at the age of 16.
When he was 16, Meghni decided to leave the Clairefontaine academy and sign for Cannes, but due to financial problems Cannes were immediately relegated to amateur football. Meghni had an unsuccessful time at Cannes as he was usually on the substitute bench for the reserve team, but in the summer of 2000 he was snapped up by Bologna at the age of 16 on a free transfer. Meghni views his time at Cannes as a learning experience as he was very young when he signed for the club.
Club career
Bologna
As a youth player, Meghni moved from the renowned Clairefontaine academy to Bologna, where he played from the 2000–01 season to the 2004–05 season. He made his Serie A debut on 12 January 2003 in a 2–0 loss at home to Milan. Meghni then spent the 2005–06 season on loan to French Ligue 1 side Sochaux, before returning to Bologna.
While at Bologna, Meghni was never able to turn his talent into success and consistency, and as such was never a favourite among the fans. He made a statement following Bologna's relegation to Serie B, in which he declared he would never play in what he considered to be a sub-standard competition. He did spend a year in Serie B, his last at the club, where he was a regular for the entire season, yet only found the net twice.
Lazio
In the 2007–08 season, Meghni joined Lazio on a co-ownership deal for €1.75 million fee. His early performances for the Biancocelesti were not impressive, and he failed to nail down a regular place in the line-up, only starting seven matches for the season. He did make his debut in the UEFA Champions League, setting up a crucial goal for Tommaso Rocchi, which gave the club their only win in the competition, at home to Werder Bremen. In June 2008 the co-ownership was renewed, but in July, Meghni was fully bought by Lazio from Bologna for another €1.75 million. (as part of the deal of Gaby Mudingayi) After the arrival of Matuzalém, and due to many injury's, Meghni became a backup player, and in December 2009 injured. His contract with Lazio was mutually terminated on 10 June 2011.
Umm Salal
After a four-year stint playing for the Rome-based club, Meghni joined the Qatar Stars League outfit Umm-Salal on 11 June 2011.
Al Khor
On 29 March 2012, it was announced Meghni would join Al Khor on a temporary loan.
Lekhwiya
On 6 July 2012, Meghni moved from Umm Salal to league rival Lekhwiya SC on a free transfer.
International career
On 12 August 2009, Meghni was selected for the first time to join the ranks of the Algeria national team, in a game facing Uruguay (Algeria won on a score of 1–0).
Meghni was not be in Algeria's final World Cup squad after being informed that his knee injury had not sufficiently healed and would require surgery despite the great lengths that both the player and the Fennecs medical team had gone to give him a chance of recovering in time.
Personal life
Meghni's father, Ammi Ali, is Algerian while his mother, Anna, is a Portuguese national. He is married. His older brother, Saïd Meghni, was also a footballer and played briefly in Portugal for Tirsense and Moreirense, in the 1999–2000 season, and then in Italy for Bologna's primavera team.
Career statistics
Honours
Club
Bologna
UEFA Intertoto Cup: runner-up 2002
Lazio
Coppa Italia: 2008–09
Supercoppa Italiana: 2009
International
France U-17
FIFA U-17 World Cup: 2001
References
External links
UEFA profile
1984 births
Living people
Footballers from Paris
Association football midfielders
Algerian footballers
French footballers
Algeria international footballers
France youth international footballers
France under-21 international footballers
2010 Africa Cup of Nations players
INF Clairefontaine players
Bologna F.C. 1909 players
FC Sochaux-Montbéliard players
S.S. Lazio players
Umm Salal SC players
Al-Khor SC players
Lekhwiya SC players
CS Constantine players
Ligue 1 players
Serie A players
Serie B players
Qatar Stars League players
French people of Algerian descent
French people of Portuguese descent
Algerian people of Portuguese descent
Algerian expatriate footballers
Algerian expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Expatriate footballers in Italy
Algerian expatriate sportspeople in Qatar
Expatriate footballers in Qatar | [
"Mourad Meghni (; born 16 April 1984) is an Algerian former professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder or winger.",
"He was known for his excellent technique.",
"As a young footballer in France, his ability and Algerian heritage earned him the nickname \"petit Zidane\".",
"Aged thirteen, Meghni joined the famous academy Le Centre Technique National Fernand Sastre, commonly referred to as Clairefontaine.",
"He decided to leave the academy at the age of 16 and signed for Cannes, where he only remained for one season and opted to move on to Bologna, for whom he made his professional debut on 20 July 2002, against FC BATE in the Intertoto Cup, coming on as a substitute.",
"With Bologna, he came runner-up in the 2002 Intertoto Cup losing out to Fulham on aggregate 5–3.",
"In the summer of 2007, Meghni signed with Lazio on a co-ownership deal for €1.75 million, with the club further paying Bologna an additional €1.75 million for full ownership, in the summer of 2008.",
"He won the 2008–09 Coppa Italia, as well as the 2009 Supercoppa Italiana whilst playing for Lazio.",
"Meghni is a former French youth international and was a part of the team that won the 2001 FIFA U-17 World Championship, held in Trinidad and Tobago.",
"He opted to play for Algeria at senior level in August 2009, taking advantage of FIFA's new ruling, allowing him to change his national allegiance despite being older than 21 years of age.",
"He made his debut for Algeria in a 1–0 win on 12 August 2009, against Uruguay.",
"He went on to play for Algeria at the 2010 Africa Cup of Nations in Angola.",
"Early life\nMeghni was born on 16 April 1984 in Paris to Ali and Anna, an Algerian father and a Portuguese mother.",
"His father during an interview spoke about how Mourad had been attracted by football at a very early age and that he used to take him to football stadiums very often notably to encourage his older brother Saïd who preceded him on the football pitches.",
"His father also spoke on how Mourad joined several football training schools at an early age including that of Tursi and FC Nantes in France where he made impressive and swift progress as a budding player.",
"His mother stated during the interview that she had always made it her duty together with her husband to visit Algeria every year to get together with all the family members and friends in the family home of Ouled Hadadj.",
"At the age of 13 Meghni joined the national football school at Clairefontaine there he vastly improved his technique, prior to joining the academy Meghni always played on small pitches hence he learnt quickly the necessary skills and technique that would be needed when beating a man, whilst at Clairefontaine he had a Brazilian coach who helped him improve his technique which he is now known for.",
"Meghni remained at the national football school at Clairefontaine for three years before moving to Cannes at the age of 16.",
"When he was 16, Meghni decided to leave the Clairefontaine academy and sign for Cannes, but due to financial problems Cannes were immediately relegated to amateur football.",
"Meghni had an unsuccessful time at Cannes as he was usually on the substitute bench for the reserve team, but in the summer of 2000 he was snapped up by Bologna at the age of 16 on a free transfer.",
"Meghni views his time at Cannes as a learning experience as he was very young when he signed for the club.",
"Club career\n\nBologna\nAs a youth player, Meghni moved from the renowned Clairefontaine academy to Bologna, where he played from the 2000–01 season to the 2004–05 season.",
"He made his Serie A debut on 12 January 2003 in a 2–0 loss at home to Milan.",
"Meghni then spent the 2005–06 season on loan to French Ligue 1 side Sochaux, before returning to Bologna.",
"While at Bologna, Meghni was never able to turn his talent into success and consistency, and as such was never a favourite among the fans.",
"He made a statement following Bologna's relegation to Serie B, in which he declared he would never play in what he considered to be a sub-standard competition.",
"He did spend a year in Serie B, his last at the club, where he was a regular for the entire season, yet only found the net twice.",
"Lazio\nIn the 2007–08 season, Meghni joined Lazio on a co-ownership deal for €1.75 million fee.",
"His early performances for the Biancocelesti were not impressive, and he failed to nail down a regular place in the line-up, only starting seven matches for the season.",
"He did make his debut in the UEFA Champions League, setting up a crucial goal for Tommaso Rocchi, which gave the club their only win in the competition, at home to Werder Bremen.",
"In June 2008 the co-ownership was renewed, but in July, Meghni was fully bought by Lazio from Bologna for another €1.75 million.",
"(as part of the deal of Gaby Mudingayi) After the arrival of Matuzalém, and due to many injury's, Meghni became a backup player, and in December 2009 injured.",
"His contract with Lazio was mutually terminated on 10 June 2011.",
"Umm Salal\nAfter a four-year stint playing for the Rome-based club, Meghni joined the Qatar Stars League outfit Umm-Salal on 11 June 2011.",
"Al Khor\nOn 29 March 2012, it was announced Meghni would join Al Khor on a temporary loan.",
"Lekhwiya\nOn 6 July 2012, Meghni moved from Umm Salal to league rival Lekhwiya SC on a free transfer.",
"International career\nOn 12 August 2009, Meghni was selected for the first time to join the ranks of the Algeria national team, in a game facing Uruguay (Algeria won on a score of 1–0).",
"Meghni was not be in Algeria's final World Cup squad after being informed that his knee injury had not sufficiently healed and would require surgery despite the great lengths that both the player and the Fennecs medical team had gone to give him a chance of recovering in time.",
"Personal life\nMeghni's father, Ammi Ali, is Algerian while his mother, Anna, is a Portuguese national.",
"He is married.",
"His older brother, Saïd Meghni, was also a footballer and played briefly in Portugal for Tirsense and Moreirense, in the 1999–2000 season, and then in Italy for Bologna's primavera team.",
"Career statistics\n\nHonours\n\nClub\nBologna\n UEFA Intertoto Cup: runner-up 2002\n\nLazio\nCoppa Italia: 2008–09\nSupercoppa Italiana: 2009\n\nInternational\nFrance U-17\nFIFA U-17 World Cup: 2001\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n UEFA profile\n \n\n1984 births\nLiving people\nFootballers from Paris\nAssociation football midfielders\nAlgerian footballers\nFrench footballers\nAlgeria international footballers\nFrance youth international footballers\nFrance under-21 international footballers\n2010 Africa Cup of Nations players\nINF Clairefontaine players\nBologna F.C.",
"1909 players\nFC Sochaux-Montbéliard players\nS.S. Lazio players\nUmm Salal SC players\nAl-Khor SC players\nLekhwiya SC players\nCS Constantine players\nLigue 1 players\nSerie A players\nSerie B players\nQatar Stars League players\nFrench people of Algerian descent\nFrench people of Portuguese descent\nAlgerian people of Portuguese descent\nAlgerian expatriate footballers\nAlgerian expatriate sportspeople in Italy\nExpatriate footballers in Italy\nAlgerian expatriate sportspeople in Qatar\nExpatriate footballers in Qatar"
] | [
"A former professional footballer from Algeria is named Mourad Meghni.",
"He was known for his technique.",
"The nickname \"petit Zidane\" was given to him as a young footballer in France.",
"Meghni joined the academy Le Centre Technique National Fernand Sastre at the age of thirteen.",
"He left the academy at the age of 16 and signed for Cannes, where he stayed for one season before moving on to Bologna, where he made his professional debut against FC BATE in the Intertoto Cup.",
"He was runner-up in the Intertoto Cup when he was with Bologna.",
"Lazio paid Bologna an additional 1.75 million for full ownership in the summer of 2008 after Meghni signed a co-ownership deal with the club in the summer of 2007.",
"He won the Supercoppa Italiana while playing for Lazio.",
"Meghni was a member of the French team that won the 2001 World Championship in Trinidad and Tobago.",
"Despite being older than 21 years of age, he decided to play for Algeria at senior level in August of 2009, taking advantage of the new ruling that allowed him to change his national loyalties.",
"He made his debut for Algeria in August of 2009.",
"He played for Algeria at the 2010 Africa Cup of Nations.",
"On 16 April 1984 Meghni was born in Paris to Ali and Anna, an Algerian father and a Portuguese mother.",
"During an interview, his father spoke about how he used to take his son to football stadiums to encourage his older brother Sad to play football.",
"His father spoke about how his son joined several football training schools at an early age, including that of Tursi and FC Nantes in France, where he made impressive and swift progress as a budding player.",
"His mother stated during the interview that she had always made it her duty with her husband to visit Algeria every year to get together with all the family members and friends in the family home of Ouled Hadadj.",
"At the age of 13 Meghni joined the national football school, he vastly improved his technique, prior to joining the academy, he learnt quickly the necessary skills and technique that would be needed when beating a man.",
"After three years at the national football school, Meghni moved to Cannes at the age of 16.",
"When he was 16, Meghni decided to leave the academy and sign for Cannes, but they were immediately demoted to amateur football due to financial problems.",
"In the summer of 2000 Meghni was snapped up by Bologna at the age of 16 on a free transfer, despite being on the substitute bench for the reserve team.",
"Meghni was very young when he signed for the club and he views his time there as a learning experience.",
"Meghni played for Bologna from the 2000–01) season to the 2004–05 season.",
"He made his debut in Italy in January of 2003 in a 2–0 loss to Milan.",
"After spending the 2005–06 season on loan to Sochaux, Meghni returned to Bologna.",
"While at Bologna, Meghni was never able to turn his talent into success and consistency, and as such was never a favorite among the fans.",
"He made a statement after Bologna was demoted to Serie B that he would never play in a sub-standard competition.",
"He was a regular at the club for the entire season, but only found the net twice.",
"Lazio had a co-ownership deal with Meghni for 1.75 million.",
"His early performances for the Biancocelesti were not impressive, and he failed to nail down a regular place in the line-up.",
"He made his debut in the European competition, setting up a goal for Tommaso Rocchi, which gave the club their only win in the competition.",
"In June 2008 the co-ownership was renewed, but in July Meghni was fully bought by Lazio.",
"Due to many injury's, Meghni became a backup player and was injured in December 2009.",
"His contract with Lazio was not renewed.",
"Meghni joined the club on June 11, 2011, four years after he left the Rome-based club.",
"Meghni would join Al Khor on a temporary loan.",
"On July 6, 2012 Meghni moved to Lekhwiya on a free transfer.",
"On 12 August 2009, Meghni was selected for the first time to join the ranks of the Algeria national team, in a game against Uruguay, which Algeria won on a score of 1–0).",
"The Fennecs medical team went to great lengths to give Meghni a chance to recover from his knee injury in time for the World Cup, but he was not included in Algeria's final squad.",
"Meghni's father, Ammi Ali, is from Algeria, while his mother, Anna, is from Portugal.",
"He is married.",
"In the 1999–2000 season, Sad Meghni played for Moreirense in Portugal and then for Bologna in Italy.",
"Club Bologna won the Intertoto Cup in 2002 and the Supercoppa Italiana in 2009.",
"The 1909 players of FC Sochaux-Montbéliard were of French descent."
] | <mask> (; born 16 April 1984) is an Algerian former professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder or winger. He was known for his excellent technique. As a young footballer in France, his ability and Algerian heritage earned him the nickname "petit Zidane". Aged thirteen, Meghni joined the famous academy Le Centre Technique National Fernand Sastre, commonly referred to as Clairefontaine. He decided to leave the academy at the age of 16 and signed for Cannes, where he only remained for one season and opted to move on to Bologna, for whom he made his professional debut on 20 July 2002, against FC BATE in the Intertoto Cup, coming on as a substitute. With Bologna, he came runner-up in the 2002 Intertoto Cup losing out to Fulham on aggregate 5–3. In the summer of 2007, Meghni signed with Lazio on a co-ownership deal for €1.75 million, with the club further paying Bologna an additional €1.75 million for full ownership, in the summer of 2008.He won the 2008–09 Coppa Italia, as well as the 2009 Supercoppa Italiana whilst playing for Lazio. <mask> is a former French youth international and was a part of the team that won the 2001 FIFA U-17 World Championship, held in Trinidad and Tobago. He opted to play for Algeria at senior level in August 2009, taking advantage of FIFA's new ruling, allowing him to change his national allegiance despite being older than 21 years of age. He made his debut for Algeria in a 1–0 win on 12 August 2009, against Uruguay. He went on to play for Algeria at the 2010 Africa Cup of Nations in Angola. Early life
<mask> was born on 16 April 1984 in Paris to Ali and Anna, an Algerian father and a Portuguese mother. His father during an interview spoke about how Mourad had been attracted by football at a very early age and that he used to take him to football stadiums very often notably to encourage his older brother Saïd who preceded him on the football pitches.His father also spoke on how Mourad joined several football training schools at an early age including that of Tursi and FC Nantes in France where he made impressive and swift progress as a budding player. His mother stated during the interview that she had always made it her duty together with her husband to visit Algeria every year to get together with all the family members and friends in the family home of Ouled Hadadj. At the age of 13 Meghni joined the national football school at Clairefontaine there he vastly improved his technique, prior to joining the academy Meghni always played on small pitches hence he learnt quickly the necessary skills and technique that would be needed when beating a man, whilst at Clairefontaine he had a Brazilian coach who helped him improve his technique which he is now known for. Meghni remained at the national football school at Clairefontaine for three years before moving to Cannes at the age of 16. When he was 16, Meghni decided to leave the Clairefontaine academy and sign for Cannes, but due to financial problems Cannes were immediately relegated to amateur football. Meghni had an unsuccessful time at Cannes as he was usually on the substitute bench for the reserve team, but in the summer of 2000 he was snapped up by Bologna at the age of 16 on a free transfer. Meghni views his time at Cannes as a learning experience as he was very young when he signed for the club.Club career
Bologna
As a youth player, Meghni moved from the renowned Clairefontaine academy to Bologna, where he played from the 2000–01 season to the 2004–05 season. He made his Serie A debut on 12 January 2003 in a 2–0 loss at home to Milan. Meghni then spent the 2005–06 season on loan to French Ligue 1 side Sochaux, before returning to Bologna. While at Bologna, Meghni was never able to turn his talent into success and consistency, and as such was never a favourite among the fans. He made a statement following Bologna's relegation to Serie B, in which he declared he would never play in what he considered to be a sub-standard competition. He did spend a year in Serie B, his last at the club, where he was a regular for the entire season, yet only found the net twice. Lazio
In the 2007–08 season, Meghni joined Lazio on a co-ownership deal for €1.75 million fee.His early performances for the Biancocelesti were not impressive, and he failed to nail down a regular place in the line-up, only starting seven matches for the season. He did make his debut in the UEFA Champions League, setting up a crucial goal for Tommaso Rocchi, which gave the club their only win in the competition, at home to Werder Bremen. In June 2008 the co-ownership was renewed, but in July, Meghni was fully bought by Lazio from Bologna for another €1.75 million. (as part of the deal of Gaby Mudingayi) After the arrival of Matuzalém, and due to many injury's, Meghni became a backup player, and in December 2009 injured. His contract with Lazio was mutually terminated on 10 June 2011. Umm Salal
After a four-year stint playing for the Rome-based club, Meghni joined the Qatar Stars League outfit Umm-Salal on 11 June 2011. Al Khor
On 29 March 2012, it was announced Meghni would join Al Khor on a temporary loan.Lekhwiya
On 6 July 2012, <mask> moved from Umm Salal to league rival Lekhwiya SC on a free transfer. International career
On 12 August 2009, <mask> was selected for the first time to join the ranks of the Algeria national team, in a game facing Uruguay (Algeria won on a score of 1–0). Meghni was not be in Algeria's final World Cup squad after being informed that his knee injury had not sufficiently healed and would require surgery despite the great lengths that both the player and the Fennecs medical team had gone to give him a chance of recovering in time. Personal life
<mask>'s father, Ammi Ali, is Algerian while his mother, Anna, is a Portuguese national. He is married. His older brother, Saïd <mask>, was also a footballer and played briefly in Portugal for Tirsense and Moreirense, in the 1999–2000 season, and then in Italy for Bologna's primavera team. Career statistics
Honours
Club
Bologna
UEFA Intertoto Cup: runner-up 2002
Lazio
Coppa Italia: 2008–09
Supercoppa Italiana: 2009
International
France U-17
FIFA U-17 World Cup: 2001
References
External links
UEFA profile
1984 births
Living people
Footballers from Paris
Association football midfielders
Algerian footballers
French footballers
Algeria international footballers
France youth international footballers
France under-21 international footballers
2010 Africa Cup of Nations players
INF Clairefontaine players
Bologna F.C.1909 players
FC Sochaux-Montbéliard players
S.S. Lazio players
Umm Salal SC players
Al-Khor SC players
Lekhwiya SC players
CS Constantine players
Ligue 1 players
Serie A players
Serie B players
Qatar Stars League players
French people of Algerian descent
French people of Portuguese descent
Algerian people of Portuguese descent
Algerian expatriate footballers
Algerian expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Expatriate footballers in Italy
Algerian expatriate sportspeople in Qatar
Expatriate footballers in Qatar | [
"Mourad Meghni",
"Meghni",
"Meghni",
"Meghni",
"Meghni",
"Meghni",
"Meghni"
] | A former professional footballer from Algeria is named <mask>. He was known for his technique. The nickname "petit Zidane" was given to him as a young footballer in France. <mask> joined the academy Le Centre Technique National Fernand Sastre at the age of thirteen. He left the academy at the age of 16 and signed for Cannes, where he stayed for one season before moving on to Bologna, where he made his professional debut against FC BATE in the Intertoto Cup. He was runner-up in the Intertoto Cup when he was with Bologna. Lazio paid Bologna an additional 1.75 million for full ownership in the summer of 2008 after Meghni signed a co-ownership deal with the club in the summer of 2007.He won the Supercoppa Italiana while playing for Lazio. <mask> was a member of the French team that won the 2001 World Championship in Trinidad and Tobago. Despite being older than 21 years of age, he decided to play for Algeria at senior level in August of 2009, taking advantage of the new ruling that allowed him to change his national loyalties. He made his debut for Algeria in August of 2009. He played for Algeria at the 2010 Africa Cup of Nations. On 16 April 1984 <mask> was born in Paris to Ali and Anna, an Algerian father and a Portuguese mother. During an interview, his father spoke about how he used to take his son to football stadiums to encourage his older brother Sad to play football.His father spoke about how his son joined several football training schools at an early age, including that of Tursi and FC Nantes in France, where he made impressive and swift progress as a budding player. His mother stated during the interview that she had always made it her duty with her husband to visit Algeria every year to get together with all the family members and friends in the family home of Ouled Hadadj. At the age of 13 Meghni joined the national football school, he vastly improved his technique, prior to joining the academy, he learnt quickly the necessary skills and technique that would be needed when beating a man. After three years at the national football school, Meghni moved to Cannes at the age of 16. When he was 16, Meghni decided to leave the academy and sign for Cannes, but they were immediately demoted to amateur football due to financial problems. In the summer of 2000 Meghni was snapped up by Bologna at the age of 16 on a free transfer, despite being on the substitute bench for the reserve team. Meghni was very young when he signed for the club and he views his time there as a learning experience.<mask> played for Bologna from the 2000–01) season to the 2004–05 season. He made his debut in Italy in January of 2003 in a 2–0 loss to Milan. After spending the 2005–06 season on loan to Sochaux, Meghni returned to Bologna. While at Bologna, Meghni was never able to turn his talent into success and consistency, and as such was never a favorite among the fans. He made a statement after Bologna was demoted to Serie B that he would never play in a sub-standard competition. He was a regular at the club for the entire season, but only found the net twice. Lazio had a co-ownership deal with Meghni for 1.75 million.His early performances for the Biancocelesti were not impressive, and he failed to nail down a regular place in the line-up. He made his debut in the European competition, setting up a goal for Tommaso Rocchi, which gave the club their only win in the competition. In June 2008 the co-ownership was renewed, but in July Meghni was fully bought by Lazio. Due to many injury's, Meghni became a backup player and was injured in December 2009. His contract with Lazio was not renewed. Meghni joined the club on June 11, 2011, four years after he left the Rome-based club. Meghni would join Al Khor on a temporary loan.On July 6, 2012 <mask> moved to Lekhwiya on a free transfer. On 12 August 2009, <mask> was selected for the first time to join the ranks of the Algeria national team, in a game against Uruguay, which Algeria won on a score of 1–0). The Fennecs medical team went to great lengths to give Meghni a chance to recover from his knee injury in time for the World Cup, but he was not included in Algeria's final squad. <mask>'s father, Ammi Ali, is from Algeria, while his mother, Anna, is from Portugal. He is married. In the 1999–2000 season, <mask> played for Moreirense in Portugal and then for Bologna in Italy. Club Bologna won the Intertoto Cup in 2002 and the Supercoppa Italiana in 2009.The 1909 players of FC Sochaux-Montbéliard were of French descent. | [
"Mourad Meghni",
"Meghni",
"Meghni",
"Meghni",
"Meghni",
"Meghni",
"Meghni",
"Meghni",
"Sad Meghni"
] |
65751968 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria%20Fris%C3%A9 | Maria Frisé | Maria Frisé (born Maria von Loesch) is a German former journalist and author.
Her journalistic work consists primarily of features and reviews, covering the arts and fringe political issues. She is also the author of short stories, essays, poetry and autobiographical works.
Life
Maria von Loesch, the second of her parents' three recorded children, was born in Breslau (as Wrocław was known before) 1945). Ernst Heinrich von Loesch (1885-1943), her father was a land owner; and she grew up in Schloss Lorzendorf, the crenelated manor house at the heart of the family estates surrounding Lorzendorf, in the flatlands of Lower Silesia. Her mother, born Martha von Boyneburgk (1894-1943), was a member of the aristocratic Zedlitz und Trützschler. Field Marshall Erich von Manstein was married to her father's first cousin, born Jutta-Sibylle von Loesch. Prussian military values ran in the blood, and while her parents had no time either for the post-1918 republican government or for the National Socialists who took power in 1933, she did grow up steeped in the "nationalist patriotism" associated with late nineteenth century imperialism.
She passed her "Reifeprüfung" (school final exams) when she was 18, in 1944, by which time there was a growing conviction that Germany would soon end up on the losing side in another World War. She married her cousin, Hans-Conrad Stahlberg (1914-1987), on 18 January 1945. After the civil ceremony at the town hall, one of the guests, Maria's uncle, the recently dismissed former Field Marshall Erich von Manstein, drove in his car to the nearby town to buy some fabric, returning with the grim report received from an army officer he had come across that the rest of German army had evacuated the area and a Soviet "tank spearhead" approximately ten kilometers to the east was likely to "thrust towards the Oder" before the day ended. The celebrants went ahead with the church ceremony, but there was no time for lengthy speeches at the banquet that had been laid out for the evening. After a quick toast as the rattling of moving tanks could be heard echoing in the distance to the east, the message came through on the telephone that there was still time to catch the last train to Breslau. Everything, including the wedding spread was left to be enjoyed by the Soviet soldiers and the wedding party squeezed into and onto the available cars, trucks and sleds, before heading for the local train station. Somehow space was found between the wounded war casualties who filled the carriages. The order for civilians to evacuate Breslau came through four days later, on 22 January 1945, and the westward flight continued. As they started the journey, Stahlberg was an army officer, but they soon became just two among hundreds of anonymous homeless refugees trying to get away from the fighting. They stopped off briefly at Lüneburg Heath and briefly took refuge with "Uncle" Erich von Manstein. They now detoured north, ending up in Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein where the couple made their home for the next twelve years.
It was a time for new beginnings. By 1952 Maria Stahlberg had given birth to the couple's three sons, whom she looked after while her husband built a successful business career. News came through that her father had died of Diphtheria back in 1945 in a refugee camp at Hoyerswerda, in what had become the Soviet occupation zone. After her mother had died Maria had also taken on guardianship responsibilities for her much younger sister Christine . The marriage lasted for twelve years, although from what Maria later wrote of it, it was a somewhat joyless union. In 1957 she married as her second husband the western author-journalist Adolf Frisé (1910-2003), who helped her break in to the world of culture. Leaving her first husband meant leaving her sons: she later told an interviewer that she had written to them "almost every day". She now began to contribute pieces of journalism to newspaper publishers and radio broadcasters.
In 1968 Maria Frisé joined the staff of the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung as a contributing editor, working on the "Feuilleton" (arts and review) section. She was operating in a milieu in which women were still rare. There were 152 contributing editors of whom 142 were men. (By 2019 "only" 302 of the paper's 402 contributing editors were men.) The office was nevertheless already familiar to her, since she had been visiting - at times two or three times in a week - to deliver and discuss contributions while working "as a freelancer" since the later 1950s. The staff were housed in a cramped building incongruously located in a commercial district of Frankfurt where used-car show rooms and tyre-fitting stations seem to have predominated. The first day she arrived for work there was, initially, nowhere to sit; since the sick colleague, whose desk had temporarily been assigned in the "Feuilleton" department for the new staffer, had unexpectedly returned to work. Nor was the initial salary of 1,000 marks per months generous: she had often earned three times as much as a free-lance journalist. She seems at the time more or less to have accepted that the salary disparity arose because she had no university degree, rather than having to do with her gender. Nevertheless, there was much about the security of the permanent post that suited her, and she remained on the FAZ staff till 1991.
Awards (selection)
1991 Hedwig Dohm award from the Association of women journalists. The prize was inaugurated in 1991, so Maria_Frisé was the first of its - till 2020 - 29 recipients. (The prize was not awarded in 1992.)
1994 Andreas Gryphius Prize ("Ehrengabe" prize) for authors ... whose work reflects German culture and history in Central, Eastern and Southern Europe, and ... contributes to understanding between Germany and its Eastern neighbors.
1996 Supplementary special Silesia Arts prize from the State of Lower Saxonuy
Output (selection)
Notes
References
20th-century German women writers
German women journalists
German literary critics
Women literary critics
German art critics
People from Wrocław
People from Hamburg
20th-century German journalists | [
"Maria Frisé (born Maria von Loesch) is a German former journalist and author.",
"Her journalistic work consists primarily of features and reviews, covering the arts and fringe political issues.",
"She is also the author of short stories, essays, poetry and autobiographical works.",
"Life \nMaria von Loesch, the second of her parents' three recorded children, was born in Breslau (as Wrocław was known before) 1945).",
"Ernst Heinrich von Loesch (1885-1943), her father was a land owner; and she grew up in Schloss Lorzendorf, the crenelated manor house at the heart of the family estates surrounding Lorzendorf, in the flatlands of Lower Silesia.",
"Her mother, born Martha von Boyneburgk (1894-1943), was a member of the aristocratic Zedlitz und Trützschler.",
"Field Marshall Erich von Manstein was married to her father's first cousin, born Jutta-Sibylle von Loesch.",
"Prussian military values ran in the blood, and while her parents had no time either for the post-1918 republican government or for the National Socialists who took power in 1933, she did grow up steeped in the \"nationalist patriotism\" associated with late nineteenth century imperialism.",
"She passed her \"Reifeprüfung\" (school final exams) when she was 18, in 1944, by which time there was a growing conviction that Germany would soon end up on the losing side in another World War.",
"She married her cousin, Hans-Conrad Stahlberg (1914-1987), on 18 January 1945.",
"After the civil ceremony at the town hall, one of the guests, Maria's uncle, the recently dismissed former Field Marshall Erich von Manstein, drove in his car to the nearby town to buy some fabric, returning with the grim report received from an army officer he had come across that the rest of German army had evacuated the area and a Soviet \"tank spearhead\" approximately ten kilometers to the east was likely to \"thrust towards the Oder\" before the day ended.",
"The celebrants went ahead with the church ceremony, but there was no time for lengthy speeches at the banquet that had been laid out for the evening.",
"After a quick toast as the rattling of moving tanks could be heard echoing in the distance to the east, the message came through on the telephone that there was still time to catch the last train to Breslau.",
"Everything, including the wedding spread was left to be enjoyed by the Soviet soldiers and the wedding party squeezed into and onto the available cars, trucks and sleds, before heading for the local train station.",
"Somehow space was found between the wounded war casualties who filled the carriages.",
"The order for civilians to evacuate Breslau came through four days later, on 22 January 1945, and the westward flight continued.",
"As they started the journey, Stahlberg was an army officer, but they soon became just two among hundreds of anonymous homeless refugees trying to get away from the fighting.",
"They stopped off briefly at Lüneburg Heath and briefly took refuge with \"Uncle\" Erich von Manstein.",
"They now detoured north, ending up in Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein where the couple made their home for the next twelve years.",
"It was a time for new beginnings.",
"By 1952 Maria Stahlberg had given birth to the couple's three sons, whom she looked after while her husband built a successful business career.",
"News came through that her father had died of Diphtheria back in 1945 in a refugee camp at Hoyerswerda, in what had become the Soviet occupation zone.",
"After her mother had died Maria had also taken on guardianship responsibilities for her much younger sister Christine .",
"The marriage lasted for twelve years, although from what Maria later wrote of it, it was a somewhat joyless union.",
"In 1957 she married as her second husband the western author-journalist Adolf Frisé (1910-2003), who helped her break in to the world of culture.",
"Leaving her first husband meant leaving her sons: she later told an interviewer that she had written to them \"almost every day\".",
"She now began to contribute pieces of journalism to newspaper publishers and radio broadcasters.",
"In 1968 Maria Frisé joined the staff of the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung as a contributing editor, working on the \"Feuilleton\" (arts and review) section.",
"She was operating in a milieu in which women were still rare.",
"There were 152 contributing editors of whom 142 were men.",
"(By 2019 \"only\" 302 of the paper's 402 contributing editors were men.)",
"The office was nevertheless already familiar to her, since she had been visiting - at times two or three times in a week - to deliver and discuss contributions while working \"as a freelancer\" since the later 1950s.",
"The staff were housed in a cramped building incongruously located in a commercial district of Frankfurt where used-car show rooms and tyre-fitting stations seem to have predominated.",
"The first day she arrived for work there was, initially, nowhere to sit; since the sick colleague, whose desk had temporarily been assigned in the \"Feuilleton\" department for the new staffer, had unexpectedly returned to work.",
"Nor was the initial salary of 1,000 marks per months generous: she had often earned three times as much as a free-lance journalist.",
"She seems at the time more or less to have accepted that the salary disparity arose because she had no university degree, rather than having to do with her gender.",
"Nevertheless, there was much about the security of the permanent post that suited her, and she remained on the FAZ staff till 1991.",
"Awards (selection) \n 1991 Hedwig Dohm award from the Association of women journalists.",
"The prize was inaugurated in 1991, so Maria_Frisé was the first of its - till 2020 - 29 recipients.",
"(The prize was not awarded in 1992.)",
"1994 Andreas Gryphius Prize (\"Ehrengabe\" prize) for authors ... whose work reflects German culture and history in Central, Eastern and Southern Europe, and ... contributes to understanding between Germany and its Eastern neighbors.",
"1996 Supplementary special Silesia Arts prize from the State of Lower Saxonuy\n\nOutput (selection)\n\nNotes\n\nReferences \n\n20th-century German women writers\nGerman women journalists\nGerman literary critics\nWomen literary critics\nGerman art critics\nPeople from Wrocław\nPeople from Hamburg\n20th-century German journalists"
] | [
"Maria Frisé was a German journalist and author.",
"The arts and fringe political issues are covered in her journalistic work.",
"She is an author of short stories, essays, poetry and autobiographical works.",
"The second of her parents' three recorded children was born in 1945 in Breslau.",
"The crenelated manor house at the heart of the family estates surrounding Lorzendorf is where she grew up.",
"Her mother was a member of the aristocracy.",
"Field Marshall von Manstein was married to her father's first cousin.",
"Her parents had no time for the post-1918 republican government or the National Socialists who took power in 1933, but she grew up steeped in the patriotism associated with the late nineteenth century.",
"When she passed her school final exams in 1944, there was a growing belief that Germany would lose the war.",
"She married her cousin on January 18 1945.",
"After the civil ceremony at the town hall, one of the guests, Maria's uncle, the recently dismissed former Field Marshall, drove in his car to the nearby town to buy some fabric and returned with a grim report from an army officer he had come across.",
"There was no time for lengthy speeches at the banquet that had been laid out for the evening after the church ceremony.",
"There was still time to catch the last train to Breslau after a quick toast as the rattling of moving tanks could be heard in the distance to the east.",
"Everything, including the wedding spread, was left to be enjoyed by the Soviet soldiers and the wedding party squeezed into and onto the available cars, trucks and sleds, before heading for the local train station.",
"There was space between the wounded war casualties who filled the carriages.",
"The westward flight continued after the order for civilians to evacuate Breslau came through four days later.",
"As they began their journey, they were an army officer, but soon became just two of hundreds of homeless refugees trying to escape the fighting.",
"They took refuge with \"Uncle\" Erich von Manstein at Lneburg Heath.",
"The couple made their home for the next twelve years after they detoured north.",
"It was a good time to start over.",
"Maria and her husband built a successful business career while she looked after their three sons.",
"The news that her father had died in a refugee camp in 1945 came through.",
"Maria took on responsibilities for her younger sister Christine after her mother's death.",
"The marriage lasted for twelve years, although Maria later wrote that it was a somewhat joyless union.",
"Her second husband, the western author-journalist Adolf Frisé, helped her break into the world of culture.",
"She told an interviewer that she had written to her sons almost every day after leaving her first husband.",
"She began to write for newspapers and radio broadcasters.",
"Maria Frisé joined the staff of the Allgemeine Zeitung as a contributing editor in 1968 and worked on the \"Feuilleton\" section.",
"She was operating in a place where women were rare.",
"There were 142 men who were contributing editors.",
"Only 302 of the paper's 402 contributing editors were men by 2019.",
"She had been visiting the office at times two or three times in a week to deliver and discuss contributions since the late 1950s, and it was already familiar to her.",
"The staff were housed in a cramped building in a district where used-car show rooms and tyre-fitting stations are more common.",
"The first day she arrived for work, she was nowhere to sit, since the sick colleague's desk had been temporarily assigned in the \"Feuilleton\" department for the new staffer.",
"She had earned three times as much as a free-lance journalist, despite the initial salary of 1,000 marks per months.",
"She seems to have accepted that the salary disparity arose because she didn't have a university degree.",
"She stayed on the FAZ staff until 1991 because of the security of the permanent post.",
"The Hedwig Dohm award was given by the Association of women journalists.",
"Maria_Frisé was the first recipient of the prize.",
"The prize was not awarded in 1992.",
"Authors whose work reflects German culture and history in Central, Eastern and Southern Europe won the prize in 1994.",
"There are references to 20th-century German women writers, literary critics, art critics, and people from Wrocaw."
] | <mask> (born <mask>) is a German former journalist and author. Her journalistic work consists primarily of features and reviews, covering the arts and fringe political issues. She is also the author of short stories, essays, poetry and autobiographical works. Life
<mask>, the second of her parents' three recorded children, was born in Breslau (as Wrocław was known before) 1945). Ernst Heinrich von Loesch (1885-1943), her father was a land owner; and she grew up in Schloss Lorzendorf, the crenelated manor house at the heart of the family estates surrounding Lorzendorf, in the flatlands of Lower Silesia. Her mother, born Martha von Boyneburgk (1894-1943), was a member of the aristocratic Zedlitz und Trützschler. Field Marshall Erich von Manstein was married to her father's first cousin, born Jutta-Sibylle von Loesch.Prussian military values ran in the blood, and while her parents had no time either for the post-1918 republican government or for the National Socialists who took power in 1933, she did grow up steeped in the "nationalist patriotism" associated with late nineteenth century imperialism. She passed her "Reifeprüfung" (school final exams) when she was 18, in 1944, by which time there was a growing conviction that Germany would soon end up on the losing side in another World War. She married her cousin, Hans-Conrad Stahlberg (1914-1987), on 18 January 1945. After the civil ceremony at the town hall, one of the guests, <mask>'s uncle, the recently dismissed former Field Marshall Erich von Manstein, drove in his car to the nearby town to buy some fabric, returning with the grim report received from an army officer he had come across that the rest of German army had evacuated the area and a Soviet "tank spearhead" approximately ten kilometers to the east was likely to "thrust towards the Oder" before the day ended. The celebrants went ahead with the church ceremony, but there was no time for lengthy speeches at the banquet that had been laid out for the evening. After a quick toast as the rattling of moving tanks could be heard echoing in the distance to the east, the message came through on the telephone that there was still time to catch the last train to Breslau. Everything, including the wedding spread was left to be enjoyed by the Soviet soldiers and the wedding party squeezed into and onto the available cars, trucks and sleds, before heading for the local train station.Somehow space was found between the wounded war casualties who filled the carriages. The order for civilians to evacuate Breslau came through four days later, on 22 January 1945, and the westward flight continued. As they started the journey, Stahlberg was an army officer, but they soon became just two among hundreds of anonymous homeless refugees trying to get away from the fighting. They stopped off briefly at Lüneburg Heath and briefly took refuge with "Uncle" Erich von Manstein. They now detoured north, ending up in Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein where the couple made their home for the next twelve years. It was a time for new beginnings. By 1952 <mask> had given birth to the couple's three sons, whom she looked after while her husband built a successful business career.News came through that her father had died of Diphtheria back in 1945 in a refugee camp at Hoyerswerda, in what had become the Soviet occupation zone. After her mother had died <mask> had also taken on guardianship responsibilities for her much younger sister Christine . The marriage lasted for twelve years, although from what <mask> later wrote of it, it was a somewhat joyless union. In 1957 she married as her second husband the western author-journalist <mask> (1910-2003), who helped her break in to the world of culture. Leaving her first husband meant leaving her sons: she later told an interviewer that she had written to them "almost every day". She now began to contribute pieces of journalism to newspaper publishers and radio broadcasters. In 1968 <mask> joined the staff of the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung as a contributing editor, working on the "Feuilleton" (arts and review) section.She was operating in a milieu in which women were still rare. There were 152 contributing editors of whom 142 were men. (By 2019 "only" 302 of the paper's 402 contributing editors were men.) The office was nevertheless already familiar to her, since she had been visiting - at times two or three times in a week - to deliver and discuss contributions while working "as a freelancer" since the later 1950s. The staff were housed in a cramped building incongruously located in a commercial district of Frankfurt where used-car show rooms and tyre-fitting stations seem to have predominated. The first day she arrived for work there was, initially, nowhere to sit; since the sick colleague, whose desk had temporarily been assigned in the "Feuilleton" department for the new staffer, had unexpectedly returned to work. Nor was the initial salary of 1,000 marks per months generous: she had often earned three times as much as a free-lance journalist.She seems at the time more or less to have accepted that the salary disparity arose because she had no university degree, rather than having to do with her gender. Nevertheless, there was much about the security of the permanent post that suited her, and she remained on the FAZ staff till 1991. Awards (selection)
1991 Hedwig Dohm award from the Association of women journalists. The prize was inaugurated in 1991, so <mask>_<mask> was the first of its - till 2020 - 29 recipients. (The prize was not awarded in 1992.) 1994 Andreas Gryphius Prize ("Ehrengabe" prize) for authors ... whose work reflects German culture and history in Central, Eastern and Southern Europe, and ... contributes to understanding between Germany and its Eastern neighbors. 1996 Supplementary special Silesia Arts prize from the State of Lower Saxonuy
Output (selection)
Notes
References
20th-century German women writers
German women journalists
German literary critics
Women literary critics
German art critics
People from Wrocław
People from Hamburg
20th-century German journalists | [
"Maria Frisé",
"Maria von Loesch",
"Maria von Loesch",
"Maria",
"Maria Stahlberg",
"Maria",
"Maria",
"Adolf Frisé",
"Maria Frisé",
"Maria",
"Frisé"
] | <mask> was a German journalist and author. The arts and fringe political issues are covered in her journalistic work. She is an author of short stories, essays, poetry and autobiographical works. The second of her parents' three recorded children was born in 1945 in Breslau. The crenelated manor house at the heart of the family estates surrounding Lorzendorf is where she grew up. Her mother was a member of the aristocracy. Field Marshall von Manstein was married to her father's first cousin.Her parents had no time for the post-1918 republican government or the National Socialists who took power in 1933, but she grew up steeped in the patriotism associated with the late nineteenth century. When she passed her school final exams in 1944, there was a growing belief that Germany would lose the war. She married her cousin on January 18 1945. After the civil ceremony at the town hall, one of the guests, <mask>'s uncle, the recently dismissed former Field Marshall, drove in his car to the nearby town to buy some fabric and returned with a grim report from an army officer he had come across. There was no time for lengthy speeches at the banquet that had been laid out for the evening after the church ceremony. There was still time to catch the last train to Breslau after a quick toast as the rattling of moving tanks could be heard in the distance to the east. Everything, including the wedding spread, was left to be enjoyed by the Soviet soldiers and the wedding party squeezed into and onto the available cars, trucks and sleds, before heading for the local train station.There was space between the wounded war casualties who filled the carriages. The westward flight continued after the order for civilians to evacuate Breslau came through four days later. As they began their journey, they were an army officer, but soon became just two of hundreds of homeless refugees trying to escape the fighting. They took refuge with "Uncle" Erich von Manstein at Lneburg Heath. The couple made their home for the next twelve years after they detoured north. It was a good time to start over. <mask> and her husband built a successful business career while she looked after their three sons.The news that her father had died in a refugee camp in 1945 came through. <mask> took on responsibilities for her younger sister Christine after her mother's death. The marriage lasted for twelve years, although <mask> later wrote that it was a somewhat joyless union. Her second husband, the western author-journalist <mask>, helped her break into the world of culture. She told an interviewer that she had written to her sons almost every day after leaving her first husband. She began to write for newspapers and radio broadcasters. <mask> Dohm award was given by the Association of women journalists. <mask>_<mask> was the first recipient of the prize. The prize was not awarded in 1992. Authors whose work reflects German culture and history in Central, Eastern and Southern Europe won the prize in 1994. There are references to 20th-century German women writers, literary critics, art critics, and people from Wrocaw. | [
"Maria Frisé",
"Maria",
"Maria",
"Maria",
"Maria",
"Adolf Frisé",
"Maria Friséwig",
"Maria",
"Frisé"
] |
10257800 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Sharp%20%28Australian%20politician%29 | John Sharp (Australian politician) | John Randall Sharp (born 15 December 1954) is a former Australian politician who served as a National Party member of the Australian House of Representatives representing the Divisions of Gilmore, 1984 to 1993 and Hume, 1993 to 1998 in New South Wales.
Political career
In 1985 he was appointed Chairman of the Coalition Task Force on Drugs. From 1987 he held the following Shadow Portfolios: Sport, Tourism and Youth Affairs, Transport, and Transport and Waterfront Reform. He was Deputy Leader of the House from 1991 to 1993. In 1996 he became Minister for Transport and Regional Development when the Coalition government under John Howard took office after the 1996 federal election.
In the first ten days of office Sharp re-opened the East West Runway at Sydney's Kingsford Smith Airport (KSA), which had been closed by the previous Keating Government. He then reformed the flight paths for KSA under a noise-sharing policy that resolved the issue of aircraft noise complaints that had led to the creation of the No Aircraft Noise Party, who had run candidates in Sydney electorates in the 1996 Federal election. Sharp was responsible for the privatisation of Australia's capital city airports (with the exception of Sydney Airport, which was sold after the 2000 Olympic Games), raising more than $12 billion. He privatised the Commonwealth-owned Australian National Rail in 1997. In 1996 he started the privatisation of the National Rail Corporation (NRC), a Commonwealth, Victorian and NSW government owned rail operator. In 1997 he created the Australian Rail Track Corporation, to overcome the historic and different rail regulatory and access regimes imposed by state governments. Sharp reformed the Australian National Shipping Line (ANL) which was then privatised. In 1996 he initiated a complete rewrite of the Civil Aviation Safety Authority's regulations. During 1996 and 1997, in conjunction with Peter Reith, Minister for Industrial Relations, he was tasked to develop a plan to reform Australia's waterfront. This resulted in significant reforms that modernised stevedoring and improved the efficiency and reliability of Australia's waterfront. Sharp initiated a National Drivers License Scheme, linking all Australian drivers licenses in each state. In 1996 Sharp created the Roads of National Importance program (RONI) enabling the Commonwealth to fund the upgrade of roads that were not part of the National Highway System, such as the Kidman Way and the Pacific Highway.
Controversy
Sharp resigned from the ministry on 24 September 1997 after becoming involved in the parliamentary travel allowances affair. The "Travel Rorts Affair" – which also claimed the ministerial careers of Peter McGauran and David Jull – unfolded when an audit of parliamentary expense claims revealed that a number of MPs had inadvertently submitted incorrect travel claims. He retired from Parliament on 31 August 1998, prior to the 1998 election.
Later career
After retiring from politics, Sharp worked for the Linfox Group (1999 to 2001). He also founded a transport consultancy company, Thenford Consulting. In 2000 he helped establish European Aeronautic Defence and Space (EADS) in Australia. This company later became known as the Airbus Group. He became a director of Eurocopter International Pacific, a director of Australian Aerospace and then a director of Airbus Group Australia Pacific, from which he retired in 2015. In 2005 Sharp became deputy chairman of Regional Express Airlines. Later he became Chairman of Pel-Air. Sharp was Chairman of Parsons Brinkerhoff Advisory Board for a period of six years, retiring in 2010. He was also Chairman of the Aviation Safety Foundation of Australasia, later renamed Flight Safety International, for seven years from 2003 to 2010. He was the first Australian awarded a Presidential Citation for Aviation Safety. in 2005 he became a director of Skytraders, a specialist aviation company, retiring as a director in 2013. From 2004 to 2015 he was Chairman of Power and Data Corporation.
In 2000 Sharp became the Honorary Federal Treasurer of the National Party of Australia and still continues in that role. In 2009 at the Federal Nationals Annual Conference he was presented with the Earle Page Award, the Party's highest honour. From 2002 to 2009 Sharp was a director and then Chairman of the Winifred West Schools Foundation. He was appointed as director of the Tudor House Foundation in 2009. Sharp was Co-Convenor of the Southern Highlands Cancer Council from 2005 to 2009. He established, with Michele Scamps, the Relay for Life in the Southern Highlands of NSW and was Co-Convenor for two of the relays. He is Patron of the JB Sharp Cup Regatta Series, which was founded by his great-grandfather in 1924. The Series conducts rowing regattas during the winter months in Sydney. It is open to all rowers and has been the breeding ground of many famous Australian oarsmen. Sharp was elected a director of the France-Australia Chamber of Commerce and Industry, from 2004 to 2009.
In 2015 Sharp was appointed to the Climate Change Authority. In 2016 he was appointed to the Northern Australia Transport Study.
Sharp is a fixed-wing and rotary-wing pilot.
In 2014 it was revealed in the ABC programme A Country Road: The Nationals that sometime before the 1998 Federal election, Sharp had met with then National Party leader Tim Fischer and his deputy John Anderson for a luncheon and they were surprised to learn from each other that they all intended to retire at the forthcoming election. They did not think it was a good idea for all of them to retire at the same time as it did not give a positive image to the party, which is battling against perceptions that it does not have a certain future. In the end, only Sharp retired, with Fischer and Anderson delaying their own retirements by successfully recontesting the election.
References
1954 births
Living people
National Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Australia
Members of the Australian House of Representatives
Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Gilmore
Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Hume
Members of the Order of Australia
20th-century Australian politicians
Government ministers of Australia | [
"John Randall Sharp (born 15 December 1954) is a former Australian politician who served as a National Party member of the Australian House of Representatives representing the Divisions of Gilmore, 1984 to 1993 and Hume, 1993 to 1998 in New South Wales.",
"Political career \nIn 1985 he was appointed Chairman of the Coalition Task Force on Drugs.",
"From 1987 he held the following Shadow Portfolios: Sport, Tourism and Youth Affairs, Transport, and Transport and Waterfront Reform.",
"He was Deputy Leader of the House from 1991 to 1993.",
"In 1996 he became Minister for Transport and Regional Development when the Coalition government under John Howard took office after the 1996 federal election.",
"In the first ten days of office Sharp re-opened the East West Runway at Sydney's Kingsford Smith Airport (KSA), which had been closed by the previous Keating Government.",
"He then reformed the flight paths for KSA under a noise-sharing policy that resolved the issue of aircraft noise complaints that had led to the creation of the No Aircraft Noise Party, who had run candidates in Sydney electorates in the 1996 Federal election.",
"Sharp was responsible for the privatisation of Australia's capital city airports (with the exception of Sydney Airport, which was sold after the 2000 Olympic Games), raising more than $12 billion.",
"He privatised the Commonwealth-owned Australian National Rail in 1997.",
"In 1996 he started the privatisation of the National Rail Corporation (NRC), a Commonwealth, Victorian and NSW government owned rail operator.",
"In 1997 he created the Australian Rail Track Corporation, to overcome the historic and different rail regulatory and access regimes imposed by state governments.",
"Sharp reformed the Australian National Shipping Line (ANL) which was then privatised.",
"In 1996 he initiated a complete rewrite of the Civil Aviation Safety Authority's regulations.",
"During 1996 and 1997, in conjunction with Peter Reith, Minister for Industrial Relations, he was tasked to develop a plan to reform Australia's waterfront.",
"This resulted in significant reforms that modernised stevedoring and improved the efficiency and reliability of Australia's waterfront.",
"Sharp initiated a National Drivers License Scheme, linking all Australian drivers licenses in each state.",
"In 1996 Sharp created the Roads of National Importance program (RONI) enabling the Commonwealth to fund the upgrade of roads that were not part of the National Highway System, such as the Kidman Way and the Pacific Highway.",
"Controversy \nSharp resigned from the ministry on 24 September 1997 after becoming involved in the parliamentary travel allowances affair.",
"The \"Travel Rorts Affair\" – which also claimed the ministerial careers of Peter McGauran and David Jull – unfolded when an audit of parliamentary expense claims revealed that a number of MPs had inadvertently submitted incorrect travel claims.",
"He retired from Parliament on 31 August 1998, prior to the 1998 election.",
"Later career \nAfter retiring from politics, Sharp worked for the Linfox Group (1999 to 2001).",
"He also founded a transport consultancy company, Thenford Consulting.",
"In 2000 he helped establish European Aeronautic Defence and Space (EADS) in Australia.",
"This company later became known as the Airbus Group.",
"He became a director of Eurocopter International Pacific, a director of Australian Aerospace and then a director of Airbus Group Australia Pacific, from which he retired in 2015.",
"In 2005 Sharp became deputy chairman of Regional Express Airlines.",
"Later he became Chairman of Pel-Air.",
"Sharp was Chairman of Parsons Brinkerhoff Advisory Board for a period of six years, retiring in 2010.",
"He was also Chairman of the Aviation Safety Foundation of Australasia, later renamed Flight Safety International, for seven years from 2003 to 2010.",
"He was the first Australian awarded a Presidential Citation for Aviation Safety.",
"in 2005 he became a director of Skytraders, a specialist aviation company, retiring as a director in 2013.",
"From 2004 to 2015 he was Chairman of Power and Data Corporation.",
"In 2000 Sharp became the Honorary Federal Treasurer of the National Party of Australia and still continues in that role.",
"In 2009 at the Federal Nationals Annual Conference he was presented with the Earle Page Award, the Party's highest honour.",
"From 2002 to 2009 Sharp was a director and then Chairman of the Winifred West Schools Foundation.",
"He was appointed as director of the Tudor House Foundation in 2009.",
"Sharp was Co-Convenor of the Southern Highlands Cancer Council from 2005 to 2009.",
"He established, with Michele Scamps, the Relay for Life in the Southern Highlands of NSW and was Co-Convenor for two of the relays.",
"He is Patron of the JB Sharp Cup Regatta Series, which was founded by his great-grandfather in 1924.",
"The Series conducts rowing regattas during the winter months in Sydney.",
"It is open to all rowers and has been the breeding ground of many famous Australian oarsmen.",
"Sharp was elected a director of the France-Australia Chamber of Commerce and Industry, from 2004 to 2009.",
"In 2015 Sharp was appointed to the Climate Change Authority.",
"In 2016 he was appointed to the Northern Australia Transport Study.",
"Sharp is a fixed-wing and rotary-wing pilot.",
"In 2014 it was revealed in the ABC programme A Country Road: The Nationals that sometime before the 1998 Federal election, Sharp had met with then National Party leader Tim Fischer and his deputy John Anderson for a luncheon and they were surprised to learn from each other that they all intended to retire at the forthcoming election.",
"They did not think it was a good idea for all of them to retire at the same time as it did not give a positive image to the party, which is battling against perceptions that it does not have a certain future.",
"In the end, only Sharp retired, with Fischer and Anderson delaying their own retirements by successfully recontesting the election.",
"References\n\n1954 births\nLiving people\nNational Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Australia\nMembers of the Australian House of Representatives\nMembers of the Australian House of Representatives for Gilmore\nMembers of the Australian House of Representatives for Hume\nMembers of the Order of Australia\n20th-century Australian politicians\nGovernment ministers of Australia"
] | [
"John Randall Sharp was a National Party member of the Australian House of Representatives from 1984 to 1993 and from 1993 to 1998 in New South Wales.",
"He was appointed Chairman of the Coalition Task Force on Drugs in 1985.",
"Sport, Tourism and Youth Affairs, Transport, and Transport and Waterfront Reform were some of the Shadow Portfolios he held from 1987 to 1987.",
"He was a member of the House from 1991 to 1993.",
"After the 1996 federal election, he became Minister for Transport and Regional Development.",
"The Kingsford Smith Airport's East West Runway was re-opened in the first ten days of Sharp's tenure.",
"He reformed the flight paths for KSA under a noise-sharing policy that resolved the issue of aircraft noise complaints that led to the creation of the No Aircraft Noise Party, who ran candidates in the 1996 Federal election.",
"Sharp was responsible for the privatisation of Australia's capital city airports, which raised more than $12 billion.",
"The Commonwealth-owned Australian National Rail was privatised in 1997.",
"The privatisation of the National Rail Corporation began in 1996.",
"The Australian Rail Track Corporation was created in 1997 to overcome rail regulatory and access regimes imposed by state governments.",
"The Australian National Shipping Line was reformed by Sharp.",
"The Civil Aviation Safety Authority's regulations were revised in 1996.",
"He was tasked to develop a plan to reform Australia's waterfront in 1996 and 1997.",
"Significant reforms were made to improve the efficiency and reliability of Australia's waterfront.",
"The National Drivers License scheme was started by Sharp.",
"The Kidman Way and the Pacific Highway were not part of the National Highway System when Sharp created the Roads of National Importance program.",
"Sharp resigned from the ministry in 1997 after becoming involved in the parliamentary travel allowances affair.",
"When an audit of parliamentary expense claims revealed that a number of MPs had inadvertently submitted incorrect travel claims, the \"Travel Rorts Affair\" unfolded.",
"He retired from Parliament before the 1998 election.",
"Sharp worked for the Linfox Group after retiring from politics.",
"Thenford consulting was founded by him.",
"He helped establish EADS in Australia in 2000.",
"The company became known as the Airbus Group.",
"He was a director of Eurocopter International Pacific, a director of Australian Aerospace, and a director of Airbus Group Australia Pacific before retiring in 2015.",
"Sharp was the deputy chairman of Regional Express Airlines.",
"He became the Chairman of Pel- Air.",
"The Chairman of the Advisory Board was Sharp for six years.",
"For seven years from 2003 to 2010, he was the Chairman of the Aviation Safety Foundation of Australasia.",
"He was the first Australian to receive a Presidential Citation.",
"In 2005 he became a director of Skytraders, a specialist aviation company.",
"He was Chairman of Power and Data Corporation from 2004 to 2015.",
"In 2000 Sharp became the Federal Treasurer of the National Party of Australia.",
"The Party's highest honor, the Earle Page Award, was presented to him at the Federal Nationals Annual Conference.",
"Sharp was a director of the foundation from 2002 to 2009.",
"He became director of the Tudor House Foundation in 2009.",
"From 2005 to 2009, Sharp was the Co-Convenor of the Southern Highlands Cancer Council.",
"He was Co-Convenor for two of the relays and established the Relay for Life in the Southern Highlands.",
"The JB Sharp Cup Regatta Series was founded in 1924 by his great-grandfather.",
"The Series organizes regattas in the winter.",
"It has been the breeding ground of many famous Australian oarsmen and is open to all rowers.",
"From 2004 to 2009, Sharp was a director of the France-Australia Chamber of Commerce and Industry.",
"The Climate Change Authority appointed Sharp in 2015.",
"He was appointed to the Northern Australia Transport Study.",
"Sharp is a pilot.",
"In the ABC programme A Country Road: The Nationals, it was revealed that before the 1998 Federal election, Sharp had met with then National Party leader Tim Fischer and his deputy John Anderson and they were surprised to learn that they all intended to retire.",
"They didn't think it was a good idea for all of them to retire at the same time, as they didn't give a positive image to the party.",
"In the end, only Sharp retired, with Fischer and Anderson delaying their own retirements by successfully recontesting the election.",
"The National Party of Australia has members in the Parliament of Australia, the Australian House of Representatives, the Australian House of Representatives for Gilmore, and the Order of Australia."
] | <mask> (born 15 December 1954) is a former Australian politician who served as a National Party member of the Australian House of Representatives representing the Divisions of Gilmore, 1984 to 1993 and Hume, 1993 to 1998 in New South Wales. Political career
In 1985 he was appointed Chairman of the Coalition Task Force on Drugs. From 1987 he held the following Shadow Portfolios: Sport, Tourism and Youth Affairs, Transport, and Transport and Waterfront Reform. He was Deputy Leader of the House from 1991 to 1993. In 1996 he became Minister for Transport and Regional Development when the Coalition government under <mask> took office after the 1996 federal election. In the first ten days of office <mask> re-opened the East West Runway at Sydney's Kingsford Smith Airport (KSA), which had been closed by the previous Keating Government. He then reformed the flight paths for KSA under a noise-sharing policy that resolved the issue of aircraft noise complaints that had led to the creation of the No Aircraft Noise Party, who had run candidates in Sydney electorates in the 1996 Federal election.<mask> was responsible for the privatisation of Australia's capital city airports (with the exception of Sydney Airport, which was sold after the 2000 Olympic Games), raising more than $12 billion. He privatised the Commonwealth-owned Australian National Rail in 1997. In 1996 he started the privatisation of the National Rail Corporation (NRC), a Commonwealth, Victorian and NSW government owned rail operator. In 1997 he created the Australian Rail Track Corporation, to overcome the historic and different rail regulatory and access regimes imposed by state governments. <mask> reformed the Australian National Shipping Line (ANL) which was then privatised. In 1996 he initiated a complete rewrite of the Civil Aviation Safety Authority's regulations. During 1996 and 1997, in conjunction with Peter Reith, Minister for Industrial Relations, he was tasked to develop a plan to reform Australia's waterfront.This resulted in significant reforms that modernised stevedoring and improved the efficiency and reliability of Australia's waterfront. <mask> initiated a National Drivers License Scheme, linking all Australian drivers licenses in each state. In 1996 <mask> created the Roads of National Importance program (RONI) enabling the Commonwealth to fund the upgrade of roads that were not part of the National Highway System, such as the Kidman Way and the Pacific Highway. Controversy
<mask> resigned from the ministry on 24 September 1997 after becoming involved in the parliamentary travel allowances affair. The "Travel Rorts Affair" – which also claimed the ministerial careers of Peter McGauran and David Jull – unfolded when an audit of parliamentary expense claims revealed that a number of MPs had inadvertently submitted incorrect travel claims. He retired from Parliament on 31 August 1998, prior to the 1998 election. Later career
After retiring from politics, <mask> worked for the Linfox Group (1999 to 2001).He also founded a transport consultancy company, Thenford Consulting. In 2000 he helped establish European Aeronautic Defence and Space (EADS) in Australia. This company later became known as the Airbus Group. He became a director of Eurocopter International Pacific, a director of Australian Aerospace and then a director of Airbus Group Australia Pacific, from which he retired in 2015. In 2005 <mask> became deputy chairman of Regional Express Airlines. Later he became Chairman of Pel-Air. <mask> was Chairman of Parsons Brinkerhoff Advisory Board for a period of six years, retiring in 2010.He was also Chairman of the Aviation Safety Foundation of Australasia, later renamed Flight Safety International, for seven years from 2003 to 2010. He was the first Australian awarded a Presidential Citation for Aviation Safety. in 2005 he became a director of Skytraders, a specialist aviation company, retiring as a director in 2013. From 2004 to 2015 he was Chairman of Power and Data Corporation. In 2000 <mask> became the Honorary Federal Treasurer of the National Party of Australia and still continues in that role. In 2009 at the Federal Nationals Annual Conference he was presented with the Earle Page Award, the Party's highest honour. From 2002 to 2009 <mask> was a director and then Chairman of the Winifred West Schools Foundation.He was appointed as director of the Tudor House Foundation in 2009. <mask> was Co-Convenor of the Southern Highlands Cancer Council from 2005 to 2009. He established, with Michele Scamps, the Relay for Life in the Southern Highlands of NSW and was Co-Convenor for two of the relays. He is Patron of the JB Sharp Cup Regatta Series, which was founded by his great-grandfather in 1924. The Series conducts rowing regattas during the winter months in Sydney. It is open to all rowers and has been the breeding ground of many famous Australian oarsmen. <mask> was elected a director of the France-Australia Chamber of Commerce and Industry, from 2004 to 2009.In 2015 <mask> was appointed to the Climate Change Authority. In 2016 he was appointed to the Northern Australia Transport Study. <mask> is a fixed-wing and rotary-wing pilot. In 2014 it was revealed in the ABC programme A Country Road: The Nationals that sometime before the 1998 Federal election, <mask> had met with then National Party leader Tim Fischer and his deputy <mask> for a luncheon and they were surprised to learn from each other that they all intended to retire at the forthcoming election. They did not think it was a good idea for all of them to retire at the same time as it did not give a positive image to the party, which is battling against perceptions that it does not have a certain future. In the end, only <mask> retired, with Fischer and Anderson delaying their own retirements by successfully recontesting the election. References
1954 births
Living people
National Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Australia
Members of the Australian House of Representatives
Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Gilmore
Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Hume
Members of the Order of Australia
20th-century Australian politicians
Government ministers of Australia | [
"John Randall Sharp",
"John Howard",
"Sharp",
"Sharp",
"Sharp",
"Sharp",
"Sharp",
"Sharp",
"Sharp",
"Sharp",
"Sharp",
"Sharp",
"Sharp",
"Sharp",
"Sharp",
"Sharp",
"Sharp",
"Sharp",
"John Anderson",
"Sharp"
] | <mask> was a National Party member of the Australian House of Representatives from 1984 to 1993 and from 1993 to 1998 in New South Wales. He was appointed Chairman of the Coalition Task Force on Drugs in 1985. Sport, Tourism and Youth Affairs, Transport, and Transport and Waterfront Reform were some of the Shadow Portfolios he held from 1987 to 1987. He was a member of the House from 1991 to 1993. After the 1996 federal election, he became Minister for Transport and Regional Development. The Kingsford Smith Airport's East West Runway was re-opened in the first ten days of <mask>'s tenure. He reformed the flight paths for KSA under a noise-sharing policy that resolved the issue of aircraft noise complaints that led to the creation of the No Aircraft Noise Party, who ran candidates in the 1996 Federal election.<mask> was responsible for the privatisation of Australia's capital city airports, which raised more than $12 billion. The Commonwealth-owned Australian National Rail was privatised in 1997. The privatisation of the National Rail Corporation began in 1996. The Australian Rail Track Corporation was created in 1997 to overcome rail regulatory and access regimes imposed by state governments. The Australian National Shipping Line was reformed by <mask>. The Civil Aviation Safety Authority's regulations were revised in 1996. He was tasked to develop a plan to reform Australia's waterfront in 1996 and 1997.Significant reforms were made to improve the efficiency and reliability of Australia's waterfront. The National Drivers License scheme was started by <mask>. The Kidman Way and the Pacific Highway were not part of the National Highway System when <mask> created the Roads of National Importance program. <mask> resigned from the ministry in 1997 after becoming involved in the parliamentary travel allowances affair. When an audit of parliamentary expense claims revealed that a number of MPs had inadvertently submitted incorrect travel claims, the "Travel Rorts Affair" unfolded. He retired from Parliament before the 1998 election. <mask> worked for the Linfox Group after retiring from politics.Thenford consulting was founded by him. He helped establish EADS in Australia in 2000. The company became known as the Airbus Group. He was a director of Eurocopter International Pacific, a director of Australian Aerospace, and a director of Airbus Group Australia Pacific before retiring in 2015. <mask> was the deputy chairman of Regional Express Airlines. He became the Chairman of Pel- Air. The Chairman of the Advisory Board was <mask> for six years.For seven years from 2003 to 2010, he was the Chairman of the Aviation Safety Foundation of Australasia. He was the first Australian to receive a Presidential Citation. In 2005 he became a director of Skytraders, a specialist aviation company. He was Chairman of Power and Data Corporation from 2004 to 2015. In 2000 <mask> became the Federal Treasurer of the National Party of Australia. The Party's highest honor, the Earle Page Award, was presented to him at the Federal Nationals Annual Conference. <mask> was a director of the foundation from 2002 to 2009.He became director of the Tudor House Foundation in 2009. From 2005 to 2009, <mask> was the Co-Convenor of the Southern Highlands Cancer Council. He was Co-Convenor for two of the relays and established the Relay for Life in the Southern Highlands. The JB Sharp Cup Regatta Series was founded in 1924 by his great-grandfather. The Series organizes regattas in the winter. It has been the breeding ground of many famous Australian oarsmen and is open to all rowers. From 2004 to 2009, <mask> was a director of the France-Australia Chamber of Commerce and Industry.The Climate Change Authority appointed <mask> in 2015. He was appointed to the Northern Australia Transport Study. <mask> is a pilot. In the ABC programme A Country Road: The Nationals, it was revealed that before the 1998 Federal election, <mask> had met with then National Party leader Tim Fischer and his deputy <mask> and they were surprised to learn that they all intended to retire. They didn't think it was a good idea for all of them to retire at the same time, as they didn't give a positive image to the party. In the end, only <mask> retired, with Fischer and Anderson delaying their own retirements by successfully recontesting the election. The National Party of Australia has members in the Parliament of Australia, the Australian House of Representatives, the Australian House of Representatives for Gilmore, and the Order of Australia. | [
"John Randall Sharp",
"Sharp",
"Sharp",
"Sharp",
"Sharp",
"Sharp",
"Sharp",
"Sharp",
"Sharp",
"Sharp",
"Sharp",
"Sharp",
"Sharp",
"Sharp",
"Sharp",
"Sharp",
"Sharp",
"John Anderson",
"Sharp"
] |
51276 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marty%20Feldman | Marty Feldman | Martin Alan Feldman (8 July 1934 – 2 December 1982) was a British actor, comedian and writer. He was known for his prominent, misaligned eyes. He initially gained prominence as a writer with Barry Took on the ITV sitcom Bootsie and Snudge and the BBC Radio comedy programme Round the Horne. He became known as a performer on At Last the 1948 Show (co-writing the "Four Yorkshiremen sketch" which Monty Python would perform) and Marty, the latter of which won Feldman two British Academy Television Awards including Best Entertainment Performance in 1969.
Feldman went on to appear in films such as The Bed Sitting Room and Every Home Should Have One, the latter of which was one of the most popular comedies at the British box office in 1970. In 1971, he starred in the comedy-variety sketch series The Marty Feldman Comedy Machine. In 1974, he appeared as Igor in Mel Brooks' Young Frankenstein for which he received the first Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor. He died in 1982 of a heart attack while filming Yellowbeard in Mexico City.
Early life
Feldman was born on 8 July 1934 in East London, the son of Cecilia (née Crook) and Myer Feldman, a gown manufacturer, who was a Jewish immigrant from Kiev, Ukraine. He recalled his childhood as "solitary" especially during his years of evacuation to the countryside during the Second World War.
Feldman suffered from thyroid disease and developed Graves' ophthalmopathy, causing his eyes to protrude and become misaligned. A childhood injury, a car crash, a boating accident, and reconstructive eye surgery may also have contributed to his appearance. He later described his appearance as a factor in his career success: "If I aspired to be Robert Redford, I'd have my eyes straightened and my nose fixed and end up like every other lousy actor, with two lines on Kojak. But this way I'm a novelty."
Career
Early career
Leaving school at 15, Feldman worked at the Dreamland funfair in Margate, but had dreams of a career as a jazz trumpeter, and performed in the first group in which tenor saxophonist Tubby Hayes was a member. Feldman joked that he was "the world's worst trumpet player." By the age of 20, he had decided to pursue a career as a comedian.
Although his early performing career was undistinguished, Feldman became part of a comedy act — Morris, Marty and Mitch — who made their first television appearance on the BBC series Showcase in April 1955. Later in the decade, Feldman worked on the scripts for Educating Archie in both its radio and television incarnations, with Ronald Chesney and later, Ronald Wolfe.
In 1954, Feldman met Barry Took while both were working as performers, and with Took, he eventually formed an enduring writing partnership which lasted until 1974. They wrote a few episodes of The Army Game (1960) and the bulk of Bootsie and Snudge (1960–62), both situation comedies made by Granada Television for the ITV network. For BBC Radio they wrote Round the Horne (1964–67), their best-remembered comedy series, which starred Kenneth Horne and Kenneth Williams. (The last season of Round the Horne, in 1968, was written by others.) This work placed Feldman and Took 'in the front rank of comedy writers', according to Denis Norden.
Feldman then became the chief writer and script editor on The Frost Report (1966–67). With John Law, he co-wrote the much-shown "Class" sketch, in which John Cleese, Ronnie Barker and Ronnie Corbett faced the audience, with their descending order of height, suggesting their relative social status as upper class (Cleese), middle class (Barker) and working class (Corbett).
Ascent
The television sketch comedy series At Last the 1948 Show raised Feldman's profile as a performer. The other three participants (future Monty Python members Graham Chapman and John Cleese; and future star of The Goodies Tim Brooke-Taylor) needed a fourth cast member, and had Feldman in mind. In a sketch broadcast on 1 March 1967, Feldman's character harassed a patient shop assistant (played by Cleese) regarding a series of fictitious books, achieving success with Ethel the Aardvark Goes Quantity Surveying. His character in At Last the 1948 Show was often called Mr. Pest, according to Cleese. Feldman was co-author - along with Chapman, Cleese and Brooke-Taylor - of the sketch "Four Yorkshiremen", which was written for At Last the 1948 Show, later adapted by Monty Python for their stage performances.
Feldman was given his own series on the BBC, Marty, in 1968; it featured Brooke-Taylor, John Junkin and Roland MacLeod, with Cleese as one of the writers. Feldman won two BAFTA awards. The second series in 1969 was retitled It's Marty (this title being retained for the DVD release of the series).
Marty proved popular enough with an international audience (the first series winning the Golden Rose Award at Montreux) to launch a film career. Feldman's first feature film role was in Every Home Should Have One (1970).
After 1970
The Marty Feldman Comedy Machine (1971–72) was a television series co-produced by Associated Television (ATV) in the UK and the American Broadcasting Company, produced at ATV's Elstree Studios, near London. This vehicle lasted for just one series.
In 1974, Dennis Main Wilson produced a short BBC sketch series for Feldman titled Marty Back Together Again — a reference to reports about the star's health — but it never captured the impact of the earlier series.
On film, in Mel Brooks' Young Frankenstein (1974), Feldman played Igor (pronounced "EYE-gore", a comic response to Gene Wilder's claim that 'it's pronounced FRONK-EN-SCHTEEN'). Many lines in Young Frankenstein were improvised. Wilder says he had Feldman in mind when he wrote the part.
Feldman's performances on American television included The Dean Martin Show.
In 1976, Feldman ventured into Italian cinema, starring with Barbara Bouchet in the sex comedy 40 Gradi All'Ombra del Lenzuolo (Sex with a Smile). He later appeared in The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes' Smarter Brother and Brooks' Silent Movie, as well as directing and starring in The Last Remake of Beau Geste. He also guest-starred in "Arabian Nights", an episode of The Muppet Show in which he was teamed up with several Sesame Street characters, especially Cookie Monster, with whom he shared a playful cameo comparing their eyes side by side.
Recording career
During the course of his career, Feldman recorded two albums, Marty (1968) and I Feel a Song Going Off (1969), re-released in 1971 as The Crazy World of Marty Feldman. The songs on his second album were written by Denis King, John Junkin and Bill Solly (a writer for Max Bygraves and The Two Ronnies). It was later released as a CD in 2007.
Personal life
Feldman was married to Lauretta Sullivan from January 1959 until his death in 1982. She died, aged 74, in 2010 in Studio City, Los Angeles. Feldman's peers have reported, in a number of biographies, that he was highly attractive to women in spite of his unconventional facial appearance.
He spent time in jazz clubs, as he found a parallel between 'riffing' in a comedy partnership and the improvisation of jazz.
Politically, Feldman was described as an "avowed socialist" telling one interviewer, "I'm a socialist by conviction, if not by lifestyle" and another, "I'm a socialist from way back, but in order to pay my back taxes I have to live in America to earn enough money to pay the back tax I owe to the socialist government that I voted in." He later joked that when a Labour cabinet minister said to him "Of course you vote Labour," Feldman replied, "No, I don't, because I'm a socialist!" Nevertheless, he generally did not seriously discuss politics in public. An exception was when during a promotional tour for The Last Remake of Beau Geste, he denounced the campaign led by Anita Bryant against homosexuality.
In 1971, Feldman gave evidence in favour of the defendants in the obscenity trial for Oz magazine. He would not swear on the Bible, choosing instead to affirm. Throughout his testimony, he mocked the judge after it was implied that Feldman had no religion because he was not Christian.
Feldman was an lacto-ovo vegetarian. In a 1979 interview, when asked how long he had practised this, he stated: "I was about five and a half or six when I converted; I'm forty-three now, so it's been approximately thirty-eight years."
Feldman wrote an autobiography, Eye Marty: the newly discovered autobiography of a comic genius, which was brought to light following Lauretta's death. It was published in 2012 with a foreword by Eric Idle.
Death
Feldman died of a heart attack, in a hotel room in Mexico City on 2 December 1982 at age 48, during the making of the film Yellowbeard; the film was subsequently dedicated to him. According to an editor's note in Feldman's posthumously published autobiography, Graham Chapman was with him at the time of his death. On the DVD commentary of Young Frankenstein, Mel Brooks cites factors that may have contributed to Feldman's death: "He sometimes smoked half a carton (five packs) of cigarettes daily, drank copious amounts of black coffee, and ate a diet rich in eggs and dairy products."
Feldman is buried in the Garden of Heritage at Forest Lawn – Hollywood Hills Cemetery, California, near his idol, Buster Keaton.
Filmography
Film
Television
Radio series
Round the Horne (co-writer with Barry Took)
References
Further reading
External links
The Official Marty Feldman.com link to official site
1934 births
1982 deaths
20th-century British screenwriters
20th-century English comedians
20th-century English male actors
BAFTA winners (people)
British male comedy actors
British male television writers
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)
Comedy film directors
English comedy writers
English male comedians
English male film actors
English male television actors
English people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent
English radio writers
English socialists
Jewish English comedians
Jewish English male actors
Jewish male comedians
Jewish socialists
Male actors from London
People from Canning Town
20th-century British Jews | [
"Martin Alan Feldman (8 July 1934 – 2 December 1982) was a British actor, comedian and writer.",
"He was known for his prominent, misaligned eyes.",
"He initially gained prominence as a writer with Barry Took on the ITV sitcom Bootsie and Snudge and the BBC Radio comedy programme Round the Horne.",
"He became known as a performer on At Last the 1948 Show (co-writing the \"Four Yorkshiremen sketch\" which Monty Python would perform) and Marty, the latter of which won Feldman two British Academy Television Awards including Best Entertainment Performance in 1969.",
"Feldman went on to appear in films such as The Bed Sitting Room and Every Home Should Have One, the latter of which was one of the most popular comedies at the British box office in 1970.",
"In 1971, he starred in the comedy-variety sketch series The Marty Feldman Comedy Machine.",
"In 1974, he appeared as Igor in Mel Brooks' Young Frankenstein for which he received the first Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor.",
"He died in 1982 of a heart attack while filming Yellowbeard in Mexico City.",
"Early life \nFeldman was born on 8 July 1934 in East London, the son of Cecilia (née Crook) and Myer Feldman, a gown manufacturer, who was a Jewish immigrant from Kiev, Ukraine.",
"He recalled his childhood as \"solitary\" especially during his years of evacuation to the countryside during the Second World War.",
"Feldman suffered from thyroid disease and developed Graves' ophthalmopathy, causing his eyes to protrude and become misaligned.",
"A childhood injury, a car crash, a boating accident, and reconstructive eye surgery may also have contributed to his appearance.",
"He later described his appearance as a factor in his career success: \"If I aspired to be Robert Redford, I'd have my eyes straightened and my nose fixed and end up like every other lousy actor, with two lines on Kojak.",
"But this way I'm a novelty.\"",
"Career\n\nEarly career\nLeaving school at 15, Feldman worked at the Dreamland funfair in Margate, but had dreams of a career as a jazz trumpeter, and performed in the first group in which tenor saxophonist Tubby Hayes was a member.",
"Feldman joked that he was \"the world's worst trumpet player.\"",
"By the age of 20, he had decided to pursue a career as a comedian.",
"Although his early performing career was undistinguished, Feldman became part of a comedy act — Morris, Marty and Mitch — who made their first television appearance on the BBC series Showcase in April 1955.",
"Later in the decade, Feldman worked on the scripts for Educating Archie in both its radio and television incarnations, with Ronald Chesney and later, Ronald Wolfe.",
"In 1954, Feldman met Barry Took while both were working as performers, and with Took, he eventually formed an enduring writing partnership which lasted until 1974.",
"They wrote a few episodes of The Army Game (1960) and the bulk of Bootsie and Snudge (1960–62), both situation comedies made by Granada Television for the ITV network.",
"For BBC Radio they wrote Round the Horne (1964–67), their best-remembered comedy series, which starred Kenneth Horne and Kenneth Williams.",
"(The last season of Round the Horne, in 1968, was written by others.)",
"This work placed Feldman and Took 'in the front rank of comedy writers', according to Denis Norden.",
"Feldman then became the chief writer and script editor on The Frost Report (1966–67).",
"With John Law, he co-wrote the much-shown \"Class\" sketch, in which John Cleese, Ronnie Barker and Ronnie Corbett faced the audience, with their descending order of height, suggesting their relative social status as upper class (Cleese), middle class (Barker) and working class (Corbett).",
"Ascent\nThe television sketch comedy series At Last the 1948 Show raised Feldman's profile as a performer.",
"The other three participants (future Monty Python members Graham Chapman and John Cleese; and future star of The Goodies Tim Brooke-Taylor) needed a fourth cast member, and had Feldman in mind.",
"In a sketch broadcast on 1 March 1967, Feldman's character harassed a patient shop assistant (played by Cleese) regarding a series of fictitious books, achieving success with Ethel the Aardvark Goes Quantity Surveying.",
"His character in At Last the 1948 Show was often called Mr. Pest, according to Cleese.",
"Feldman was co-author - along with Chapman, Cleese and Brooke-Taylor - of the sketch \"Four Yorkshiremen\", which was written for At Last the 1948 Show, later adapted by Monty Python for their stage performances.",
"Feldman was given his own series on the BBC, Marty, in 1968; it featured Brooke-Taylor, John Junkin and Roland MacLeod, with Cleese as one of the writers.",
"Feldman won two BAFTA awards.",
"The second series in 1969 was retitled It's Marty (this title being retained for the DVD release of the series).",
"Marty proved popular enough with an international audience (the first series winning the Golden Rose Award at Montreux) to launch a film career.",
"Feldman's first feature film role was in Every Home Should Have One (1970).",
"After 1970 \n\nThe Marty Feldman Comedy Machine (1971–72) was a television series co-produced by Associated Television (ATV) in the UK and the American Broadcasting Company, produced at ATV's Elstree Studios, near London.",
"This vehicle lasted for just one series.",
"In 1974, Dennis Main Wilson produced a short BBC sketch series for Feldman titled Marty Back Together Again — a reference to reports about the star's health — but it never captured the impact of the earlier series.",
"On film, in Mel Brooks' Young Frankenstein (1974), Feldman played Igor (pronounced \"EYE-gore\", a comic response to Gene Wilder's claim that 'it's pronounced FRONK-EN-SCHTEEN').",
"Many lines in Young Frankenstein were improvised.",
"Wilder says he had Feldman in mind when he wrote the part.",
"Feldman's performances on American television included The Dean Martin Show.",
"In 1976, Feldman ventured into Italian cinema, starring with Barbara Bouchet in the sex comedy 40 Gradi All'Ombra del Lenzuolo (Sex with a Smile).",
"He later appeared in The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes' Smarter Brother and Brooks' Silent Movie, as well as directing and starring in The Last Remake of Beau Geste.",
"He also guest-starred in \"Arabian Nights\", an episode of The Muppet Show in which he was teamed up with several Sesame Street characters, especially Cookie Monster, with whom he shared a playful cameo comparing their eyes side by side.",
"Recording career \nDuring the course of his career, Feldman recorded two albums, Marty (1968) and I Feel a Song Going Off (1969), re-released in 1971 as The Crazy World of Marty Feldman.",
"The songs on his second album were written by Denis King, John Junkin and Bill Solly (a writer for Max Bygraves and The Two Ronnies).",
"It was later released as a CD in 2007.",
"Personal life \nFeldman was married to Lauretta Sullivan from January 1959 until his death in 1982.",
"She died, aged 74, in 2010 in Studio City, Los Angeles.",
"Feldman's peers have reported, in a number of biographies, that he was highly attractive to women in spite of his unconventional facial appearance.",
"He spent time in jazz clubs, as he found a parallel between 'riffing' in a comedy partnership and the improvisation of jazz.",
"Politically, Feldman was described as an \"avowed socialist\" telling one interviewer, \"I'm a socialist by conviction, if not by lifestyle\" and another, \"I'm a socialist from way back, but in order to pay my back taxes I have to live in America to earn enough money to pay the back tax I owe to the socialist government that I voted in.\"",
"He later joked that when a Labour cabinet minister said to him \"Of course you vote Labour,\" Feldman replied, \"No, I don't, because I'm a socialist!\"",
"Nevertheless, he generally did not seriously discuss politics in public.",
"An exception was when during a promotional tour for The Last Remake of Beau Geste, he denounced the campaign led by Anita Bryant against homosexuality.",
"In 1971, Feldman gave evidence in favour of the defendants in the obscenity trial for Oz magazine.",
"He would not swear on the Bible, choosing instead to affirm.",
"Throughout his testimony, he mocked the judge after it was implied that Feldman had no religion because he was not Christian.",
"Feldman was an lacto-ovo vegetarian.",
"In a 1979 interview, when asked how long he had practised this, he stated: \"I was about five and a half or six when I converted; I'm forty-three now, so it's been approximately thirty-eight years.\"",
"Feldman wrote an autobiography, Eye Marty: the newly discovered autobiography of a comic genius, which was brought to light following Lauretta's death.",
"It was published in 2012 with a foreword by Eric Idle.",
"Death \nFeldman died of a heart attack, in a hotel room in Mexico City on 2 December 1982 at age 48, during the making of the film Yellowbeard; the film was subsequently dedicated to him.",
"According to an editor's note in Feldman's posthumously published autobiography, Graham Chapman was with him at the time of his death.",
"On the DVD commentary of Young Frankenstein, Mel Brooks cites factors that may have contributed to Feldman's death: \"He sometimes smoked half a carton (five packs) of cigarettes daily, drank copious amounts of black coffee, and ate a diet rich in eggs and dairy products.\"",
"Feldman is buried in the Garden of Heritage at Forest Lawn – Hollywood Hills Cemetery, California, near his idol, Buster Keaton.",
"Filmography\n\nFilm\n\nTelevision\n\nRadio series \n Round the Horne (co-writer with Barry Took)\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading\n\nExternal links \n\n \n \n \n The Official Marty Feldman.com link to official site\n\n1934 births\n1982 deaths\n20th-century British screenwriters\n20th-century English comedians\n20th-century English male actors\nBAFTA winners (people)\nBritish male comedy actors\nBritish male television writers\nBurials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)\nComedy film directors\nEnglish comedy writers\nEnglish male comedians\nEnglish male film actors\nEnglish male television actors\nEnglish people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent\nEnglish radio writers\nEnglish socialists\nJewish English comedians\nJewish English male actors\nJewish male comedians\nJewish socialists\nMale actors from London\nPeople from Canning Town\n20th-century British Jews"
] | [
"Martin Alan Feldman was a British actor, comedian and writer.",
"He was known for his eyes.",
"He was a writer with Barry Took on the sitcom Bootsie and Snudge.",
"He won two British Academy Television Awards in 1969 for Best Entertainment Performance and co-writing the \" Four Yorkshiremen sketch\" which Monty Python would perform.",
"In 1970, Every Home Should Have One was one of the most popular comedies at the British box office.",
"He starred in a sketch show in the 70s.",
"The first Saturn Award for Best Supporting actor was given to him in 1974 for his work in Young Frankenstein.",
"He died of a heart attack while filming Yellowbeard.",
"On 8 July 1934, the son of Cecilia and Myer Feldman was born in East London.",
"During his years of being evacuated to the countryside during the Second World War, he remembered his childhood as \"solitary\".",
"Graves' ophthalmopathy caused his eyes to protrude and become aligned.",
"A childhood injury, a car crash, a boating accident, and eye surgery may have contributed to his appearance.",
"He said that if he wanted to be Robert Redford, he'd have his eyes straightened and his nose fixed.",
"I'm a novelty.",
"At the age of 15 he left school to work at the Dreamland funfair and perform in the first group in which Tubby was a member.",
"He said he was the world's worst trumpet player.",
"He decided at the age of 20 that he wanted to be a comedian.",
"Morris, Marty andMitch were part of a comedy act that made their first television appearance in 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932",
"The script for Educating Archie was written by Feldman and was later worked on by Ronald Wolfe.",
"While both were working as performers, Barry Took and Feldman formed an enduring writing partnership which lasted until 1974.",
"They wrote a few episodes of The Army Game and the bulk of Bootsie and Snudge for the ITV network.",
"Their best-remembered comedy series was Round the Horne, which starred Kenneth Horne and Kenneth Williams.",
"The last season of Round the Horne was written by others.",
"According to Denis Norden, this work placed Feldman and Took in the front rank of comedy writers.",
"The Frost Report had a chief writer and script editor.",
"He and John Law co-authored the sketch \"Class\", in which John Cleese,Ronnie Barker andRonnie Corbett faced the audience with their descending order of height, suggesting their relative social status as upper class, middle class and working.",
"At Last the 1948 Show raised his profile as a performer.",
"Future Monty Python members Graham Chapman and John Cleese and future star of The Goodies Tim Brooke-Taylor needed a fourth cast member.",
"In a sketch broadcast on 1 March 1967, Feldman's character harassed a patient shop assistant in order to achieve success with a series of fictional books.",
"His character in At Last the 1948 Show was often called Mr. Pest.",
"The sketch \" Four Yorkshiremen\" was written for At Last the 1948 Show and later adapted by Monty Python for their stage performances.",
"Brooke-Taylor was one of the writers of Marty, which was a series on the BBC in 1968.",
"He won two awards.",
"The second series in 1969 was retitled It's Marty and will be retained for the DVD release of the series.",
"The first series of Marty won the Golden Rose Award and launched a film career.",
"Every Home Should Have One was his first film role.",
"Associated Television (ATV) in the UK and the American Broadcasting Company produced The Marty Feldman Comedy Machine after 1970.",
"This vehicle only lasted for one series.",
"Dennis Main Wilson produced a short sketch series for Marty Back Together Again, but it never captured the impact of the earlier series.",
"The comic response to Gene Wilder's claim that \"it's pronounced FRONK-EN-SCHTEEN\" was played by Feldman.",
"In Young Frankenstein, many lines were improvised.",
"When he wrote the part, he had a certain person in mind.",
"The Dean Martin Show was on American television.",
"The sex comedy 40 Gradi All'Ombra del Lenzuolo was filmed in Italy.",
"He directed and starred in the remake of Beau Geste, as well as appearing in two other films.",
"In \"Arabian Nights\", he was joined by several Sesame Street characters, including Cookie Monster, in a scene in which he compared their eyes side by side.",
"In 1971 Marty and I Feel a Song Going Off were re-released as The Crazy World of Marty Feldman.",
"Denis King, John Junkin and Bill Solly wrote the songs for his second album.",
"In 2007, it was released as a CD.",
"From January 1959 until his death in 1982, he was married to Lauretta Sullivan.",
"She died in Los Angeles in 2010 at the age of 74.",
"According to his peers, he was attractive to women because of his unconventional facial appearance.",
"He spent time in jazz clubs as he found a parallel between comedy and jazz.",
"\"I'm a socialist by conviction, if not by lifestyle, but in order to pay my back taxes I have to live in America,\" he told one interviewer.",
"He joked that he wouldn't vote for Labour because he's a socialist.",
"He did not discuss politics in public.",
"During a promotional tour for The Last Remake of Beau Geste, he denounced the campaign against homosexuality.",
"In the obscenity trial for Oz magazine, Feldman gave evidence in favor of the defendants.",
"He chose to affirm rather than swear on the Bible.",
"He mocked the judge after it was implied that he was not a Christian.",
"He was a vegetarian.",
"He stated in a 1979 interview that it had been about thirty-eight years since he converted.",
"Following Lauretta's death, Eye Marty: the newly discovered autobiography of a comic genius was brought to light.",
"It was written by Eric Idle.",
"The film Yellowbeard was dedicated to Death Feldman after he died of a heart attack in a hotel room in Mexico City at the age of 48.",
"Graham Chapman was with Feldman at the time of his death, according to an editor's note.",
"According to the DVD commentary of Young Frankenstein, he smoked a half carton of cigarettes daily, drank a lot of black coffee, and ate a diet rich in eggs and dairy products.",
"The Garden of Heritage at Forest Lawn is near the Hollywood Hills Cemetery.",
"The Official Marty Feldman.com link to official site 1934 births 1982 deaths 20th-century British screenwriters 20th-century English comedians 20th-century English male actors"
] | <mask> (8 July 1934 – 2 December 1982) was a British actor, comedian and writer. He was known for his prominent, misaligned eyes. He initially gained prominence as a writer with Barry Took on the ITV sitcom Bootsie and Snudge and the BBC Radio comedy programme Round the Horne. He became known as a performer on At Last the 1948 Show (co-writing the "Four Yorkshiremen sketch" which Monty Python would perform) and <mask>, the latter of which won Feldman two British Academy Television Awards including Best Entertainment Performance in 1969. Feldman went on to appear in films such as The Bed Sitting Room and Every Home Should Have One, the latter of which was one of the most popular comedies at the British box office in 1970. In 1971, he starred in the comedy-variety sketch series The Marty Feldman Comedy Machine. In 1974, he appeared as Igor in Mel Brooks' Young Frankenstein for which he received the first Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor.He died in 1982 of a heart attack while filming Yellowbeard in Mexico City. Early life
<mask> was born on 8 July 1934 in East London, the son of Cecilia (née Crook) and Myer <mask>, a gown manufacturer, who was a Jewish immigrant from Kiev, Ukraine. He recalled his childhood as "solitary" especially during his years of evacuation to the countryside during the Second World War. Feldman suffered from thyroid disease and developed Graves' ophthalmopathy, causing his eyes to protrude and become misaligned. A childhood injury, a car crash, a boating accident, and reconstructive eye surgery may also have contributed to his appearance. He later described his appearance as a factor in his career success: "If I aspired to be Robert Redford, I'd have my eyes straightened and my nose fixed and end up like every other lousy actor, with two lines on Kojak. But this way I'm a novelty."Career
Early career
Leaving school at 15, Feldman worked at the Dreamland funfair in Margate, but had dreams of a career as a jazz trumpeter, and performed in the first group in which tenor saxophonist Tubby Hayes was a member. Feldman joked that he was "the world's worst trumpet player." By the age of 20, he had decided to pursue a career as a comedian. Although his early performing career was undistinguished, Feldman became part of a comedy act — Morris, <mask> and Mitch — who made their first television appearance on the BBC series Showcase in April 1955. Later in the decade, Feldman worked on the scripts for Educating Archie in both its radio and television incarnations, with Ronald Chesney and later, Ronald Wolfe. In 1954, Feldman met Barry Took while both were working as performers, and with Took, he eventually formed an enduring writing partnership which lasted until 1974. They wrote a few episodes of The Army Game (1960) and the bulk of Bootsie and Snudge (1960–62), both situation comedies made by Granada Television for the ITV network.For BBC Radio they wrote Round the Horne (1964–67), their best-remembered comedy series, which starred Kenneth Horne and Kenneth Williams. (The last season of Round the Horne, in 1968, was written by others.) This work placed Feldman and Took 'in the front rank of comedy writers', according to Denis Norden. <mask> then became the chief writer and script editor on The Frost Report (1966–67). With John Law, he co-wrote the much-shown "Class" sketch, in which John Cleese, Ronnie Barker and Ronnie Corbett faced the audience, with their descending order of height, suggesting their relative social status as upper class (Cleese), middle class (Barker) and working class (Corbett). Ascent
The television sketch comedy series At Last the 1948 Show raised Feldman's profile as a performer. The other three participants (future Monty Python members Graham Chapman and John Cleese; and future star of The Goodies Tim Brooke-Taylor) needed a fourth cast member, and had Feldman in mind.In a sketch broadcast on 1 March 1967, <mask>'s character harassed a patient shop assistant (played by Cleese) regarding a series of fictitious books, achieving success with Ethel the Aardvark Goes Quantity Surveying. His character in At Last the 1948 Show was often called Mr. Pest, according to Cleese. <mask> was co-author - along with Chapman, Cleese and Brooke-Taylor - of the sketch "Four Yorkshiremen", which was written for At Last the 1948 Show, later adapted by Monty Python for their stage performances. Feldman was given his own series on the BBC, Marty, in 1968; it featured Brooke-Taylor, John Junkin and Roland MacLeod, with Cleese as one of the writers. Feldman won two BAFTA awards. The second series in 1969 was retitled It's Marty (this title being retained for the DVD release of the series). <mask> proved popular enough with an international audience (the first series winning the Golden Rose Award at Montreux) to launch a film career.Feldman's first feature film role was in Every Home Should Have One (1970). After 1970
The Marty Feldman Comedy Machine (1971–72) was a television series co-produced by Associated Television (ATV) in the UK and the American Broadcasting Company, produced at ATV's Elstree Studios, near London. This vehicle lasted for just one series. In 1974, Dennis Main Wilson produced a short BBC sketch series for Feldman titled Marty Back Together Again — a reference to reports about the star's health — but it never captured the impact of the earlier series. On film, in Mel Brooks' Young Frankenstein (1974), Feldman played Igor (pronounced "EYE-gore", a comic response to Gene Wilder's claim that 'it's pronounced FRONK-EN-SCHTEEN'). Many lines in Young Frankenstein were improvised. Wilder says he had Feldman in mind when he wrote the part.Feldman's performances on American television included The Dean Martin Show. In 1976, Feldman ventured into Italian cinema, starring with Barbara Bouchet in the sex comedy 40 Gradi All'Ombra del Lenzuolo (Sex with a Smile). He later appeared in The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes' Smarter Brother and Brooks' Silent Movie, as well as directing and starring in The Last Remake of Beau Geste. He also guest-starred in "Arabian Nights", an episode of The Muppet Show in which he was teamed up with several Sesame Street characters, especially Cookie Monster, with whom he shared a playful cameo comparing their eyes side by side. Recording career
During the course of his career, Feldman recorded two albums, Marty (1968) and I Feel a Song Going Off (1969), re-released in 1971 as The Crazy World of <mask>. The songs on his second album were written by Denis King, John Junkin and Bill Solly (a writer for Max Bygraves and The Two Ronnies). It was later released as a CD in 2007.Personal life
Feldman was married to Lauretta Sullivan from January 1959 until his death in 1982. She died, aged 74, in 2010 in Studio City, Los Angeles. Feldman's peers have reported, in a number of biographies, that he was highly attractive to women in spite of his unconventional facial appearance. He spent time in jazz clubs, as he found a parallel between 'riffing' in a comedy partnership and the improvisation of jazz. Politically, Feldman was described as an "avowed socialist" telling one interviewer, "I'm a socialist by conviction, if not by lifestyle" and another, "I'm a socialist from way back, but in order to pay my back taxes I have to live in America to earn enough money to pay the back tax I owe to the socialist government that I voted in." He later joked that when a Labour cabinet minister said to him "Of course you vote Labour," Feldman replied, "No, I don't, because I'm a socialist!" Nevertheless, he generally did not seriously discuss politics in public.An exception was when during a promotional tour for The Last Remake of Beau Geste, he denounced the campaign led by Anita Bryant against homosexuality. In 1971, Feldman gave evidence in favour of the defendants in the obscenity trial for Oz magazine. He would not swear on the Bible, choosing instead to affirm. Throughout his testimony, he mocked the judge after it was implied that Feldman had no religion because he was not Christian. Feldman was an lacto-ovo vegetarian. In a 1979 interview, when asked how long he had practised this, he stated: "I was about five and a half or six when I converted; I'm forty-three now, so it's been approximately thirty-eight years." Feldman wrote an autobiography, Eye Marty: the newly discovered autobiography of a comic genius, which was brought to light following Lauretta's death.It was published in 2012 with a foreword by Eric Idle. Death
Feldman died of a heart attack, in a hotel room in Mexico City on 2 December 1982 at age 48, during the making of the film Yellowbeard; the film was subsequently dedicated to him. According to an editor's note in Feldman's posthumously published autobiography, Graham Chapman was with him at the time of his death. On the DVD commentary of Young Frankenstein, Mel Brooks cites factors that may have contributed to Feldman's death: "He sometimes smoked half a carton (five packs) of cigarettes daily, drank copious amounts of black coffee, and ate a diet rich in eggs and dairy products." Feldman is buried in the Garden of Heritage at Forest Lawn – Hollywood Hills Cemetery, California, near his idol, Buster Keaton. Filmography
Film
Television
Radio series
Round the Horne (co-writer with Barry Took)
References
Further reading
External links
The Official <mask>man.com link to official site
1934 births
1982 deaths
20th-century British screenwriters
20th-century English comedians
20th-century English male actors
BAFTA winners (people)
British male comedy actors
British male television writers
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)
Comedy film directors
English comedy writers
English male comedians
English male film actors
English male television actors
English people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent
English radio writers
English socialists
Jewish English comedians
Jewish English male actors
Jewish male comedians
Jewish socialists
Male actors from London
People from Canning Town
20th-century British Jews | [
"Martin Alan Feldman",
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"Feldman",
"Marty",
"Feldman",
"Feldman",
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"Marty Feldman",
"Marty Feld"
] | <mask> was a British actor, comedian and writer. He was known for his eyes. He was a writer with Barry Took on the sitcom Bootsie and Snudge. He won two British Academy Television Awards in 1969 for Best Entertainment Performance and co-writing the " Four Yorkshiremen sketch" which Monty Python would perform. In 1970, Every Home Should Have One was one of the most popular comedies at the British box office. He starred in a sketch show in the 70s. The first Saturn Award for Best Supporting actor was given to him in 1974 for his work in Young Frankenstein.He died of a heart attack while filming Yellowbeard. On 8 July 1934, the son of Cecilia and Myer <mask> was born in East London. During his years of being evacuated to the countryside during the Second World War, he remembered his childhood as "solitary". Graves' ophthalmopathy caused his eyes to protrude and become aligned. A childhood injury, a car crash, a boating accident, and eye surgery may have contributed to his appearance. He said that if he wanted to be Robert Redford, he'd have his eyes straightened and his nose fixed. I'm a novelty.At the age of 15 he left school to work at the Dreamland funfair and perform in the first group in which Tubby was a member. He said he was the world's worst trumpet player. He decided at the age of 20 that he wanted to be a comedian. Morris, <mask> were part of a comedy act that made their first television appearance in 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 The script for Educating Archie was written by Feldman and was later worked on by Ronald Wolfe. While both were working as performers, Barry Took and Feldman formed an enduring writing partnership which lasted until 1974. They wrote a few episodes of The Army Game and the bulk of Bootsie and Snudge for the ITV network.Their best-remembered comedy series was Round the Horne, which starred Kenneth Horne and Kenneth Williams. The last season of Round the Horne was written by others. According to Denis Norden, this work placed <mask> and Took in the front rank of comedy writers. The Frost Report had a chief writer and script editor. He and John Law co-authored the sketch "Class", in which John Cleese,Ronnie Barker andRonnie Corbett faced the audience with their descending order of height, suggesting their relative social status as upper class, middle class and working. At Last the 1948 Show raised his profile as a performer. Future Monty Python members Graham Chapman and John Cleese and future star of The Goodies Tim Brooke-Taylor needed a fourth cast member.In a sketch broadcast on 1 March 1967, <mask>'s character harassed a patient shop assistant in order to achieve success with a series of fictional books. His character in At Last the 1948 Show was often called Mr. Pest. The sketch " Four Yorkshiremen" was written for At Last the 1948 Show and later adapted by Monty Python for their stage performances. Brooke-Taylor was one of the writers of <mask>, which was a series on the BBC in 1968. He won two awards. The second series in 1969 was retitled It's Marty and will be retained for the DVD release of the series. The first series of <mask> won the Golden Rose Award and launched a film career.Every Home Should Have One was his first film role. Associated Television (ATV) in the UK and the American Broadcasting Company produced The Marty Feldman Comedy Machine after 1970. This vehicle only lasted for one series. Dennis Main Wilson produced a short sketch series for Marty Back Together Again, but it never captured the impact of the earlier series. The comic response to Gene Wilder's claim that "it's pronounced FRONK-EN-SCHTEEN" was played by Feldman. In Young Frankenstein, many lines were improvised. When he wrote the part, he had a certain person in mind.The Dean Martin Show was on American television. The sex comedy 40 Gradi All'Ombra del Lenzuolo was filmed in Italy. He directed and starred in the remake of Beau Geste, as well as appearing in two other films. In "Arabian Nights", he was joined by several Sesame Street characters, including Cookie Monster, in a scene in which he compared their eyes side by side. In 1971 <mask> and I Feel a Song Going Off were re-released as The Crazy World of <mask>ldman. Denis King, John Junkin and Bill Solly wrote the songs for his second album. In 2007, it was released as a CD.From January 1959 until his death in 1982, he was married to Lauretta Sullivan. She died in Los Angeles in 2010 at the age of 74. According to his peers, he was attractive to women because of his unconventional facial appearance. He spent time in jazz clubs as he found a parallel between comedy and jazz. "I'm a socialist by conviction, if not by lifestyle, but in order to pay my back taxes I have to live in America," he told one interviewer. He joked that he wouldn't vote for Labour because he's a socialist. He did not discuss politics in public.During a promotional tour for The Last Remake of Beau Geste, he denounced the campaign against homosexuality. In the obscenity trial for Oz magazine, Feldman gave evidence in favor of the defendants. He chose to affirm rather than swear on the Bible. He mocked the judge after it was implied that he was not a Christian. He was a vegetarian. He stated in a 1979 interview that it had been about thirty-eight years since he converted. Following Lauretta's death, Eye Marty: the newly discovered autobiography of a comic genius was brought to light.It was written by Eric Idle. The film Yellowbeard was dedicated to <mask> after he died of a heart attack in a hotel room in Mexico City at the age of 48. Graham Chapman was with Feldman at the time of his death, according to an editor's note. According to the DVD commentary of Young Frankenstein, he smoked a half carton of cigarettes daily, drank a lot of black coffee, and ate a diet rich in eggs and dairy products. The Garden of Heritage at Forest Lawn is near the Hollywood Hills Cemetery. The Official <mask>.com link to official site 1934 births 1982 deaths 20th-century British screenwriters 20th-century English comedians 20th-century English male actors | [
"Martin Alan Feldman",
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] |
12710077 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20Landr%C3%B3n | Jack Landrón | Jack Landrón (born Juán Cándido Washington y Landrón, June 2, 1938) is an Afro-Puerto Rican folksinger, songwriter, and actor.
Jackie Washington
Born Juán Cándido Washington y Landrón on June 2, 1938, in Puerto Rico, he grew up in the Boston, Massachusetts neighborhood of Roxbury. He studied at Emerson College as a Theater Arts major. As part of the Cambridge/Boston folk music scene in the early and mid-1960s, he released four albums on Vanguard—Jackie Washington (1962), Jackie Washington/2 (1963), Jackie Washington at Club 47 (1965), and Morning Song (1967); this last LP consisted entirely of original compositions and was his first with a band. [None of his albums has been released on CD but individual songs have appeared on anthologies. His sole single, for instance, "Why Won't They Let Me Be?" (1966), is included in Northern Soul's Classiest Rarities 2 (Kent, 2005).] The live album, Jackie Washington at Club 47, featuring a cover collage by Eric Von Schmidt, is most representative of his act as he had a lot to say between numbers—not only setting up the contexts of the songs but also relating personal anecdotes; indeed, he could easily have worked as a stand-up comedian, and he fully appreciated the early records of Bill Cosby (nowadays, his main man comedically is Chris Rock). Vanguard, however, tried to groom him as a male counterpart to Joan Baez. He now characterizes himself as primarily a storyteller.
While coming home in the early hours of December 3, 1962, Washington was arrested by the Boston Police: what happened was the subject of dispute, with the police saying that when they questioned him, Washington assaulted one of the officers and Washington asserting that he was stopped, and subsequently beaten by two officers, for no reason other than his race. The case resulted in a cause célèbre which Washington's supporters believed had exposed racism in the Boston police force. Washington was ultimately acquitted of all charges, in a verdict that took the jury only five hours to reach.
In the summer of 1964 Washington y Landrón participated in Freedom Schools conducted in the South, and three of his performances from his live album are included in the double-CD anthology Freedom Is A Constant Struggle (Songs of the Mississippi Civil Rights Movement) (1994). At one point he was Dr. Martin Luther King's personal assistant in Mississippi. In 1964, he also teamed for a time with Tony Saletan and Irene Kossoy (formerly and subsequently of the Kossoy Sisters) to form the Boston Folk Trio, which presented school concerts through the non-profit Young Audiences Arts for Learning. "Esta Navidad" from his first album is included in the 1995 Vanguard compilation A Folksinger's Christmas.
Washington's version of the traditional English nonsense song "Nottamun Town" was the tune and arrangement used by Bob Dylan as the basis for "Masters of War", . [Clinton Heylin in Revolution In the Air (2009) rejects this idea as "patently absurd" (p. 116), but Jackie Washington, including "Nottamun Town", was released in December 1962, and The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan, with "Masters of War", was released 27 May 1963; Dylan loved Washington's rendition, repeatedly requested he perform it, and asked Vanguard Records to give him a copy of Washington's debut album; Jean Ritchie, whose version Heylin and others give as Dylan's source, sings the song in a minor key but plays the accompaniment in major chords. Washington reset the melody to minor chords, and in the process changed it somewhat—Dylan liked this version and used it as the model for "Masters of War."] Washington's role in the song's transmission is acknowledged in Bob Dylan by Greil Marcus: Writings 1968–2010 (Public Affairs, 2010, p. 410). Washington taught Joan Baez "There But For Fortune" by Phil Ochs, which provided Baez with her first appearance on the singles chart. (You can tell she learned it from him because he had made a lyric change; where Ochs had written "whose face is growing pale", Jackie, being black, had substituted "whose life has grown stale"—which is how Baez sings it.)
Originally managed by Manny Greenhill, Joan Baez's manager, Washington later did his own bookings. He is currently managed by Mitch Greenhill, (Manny's son), through Folklore Productions.
On 25 July 1968 Jackie was master of ceremonies for a political rally supporting anti-Vietnam War presidential candidate Eugene McCarthy held at the Red Sox' Fenway Park.
As the first performer to headline the Caffè Lena in Saratoga Springs, New York, in 1960, Jackie was invited back 22 January 2010 to perform as part of an ongoing celebration of the club's 50th anniversary, with Bill Staines as the opening act.
On 1 Feb 2013 he returned to Club Passim (formerly Club 47) in Cambridge, Mass.
His first album in 45 years, Curbside Cotillion, was released in 2012, his first recording as Jack Landrón.
He is featured in the documentary For the Love of the Music: the Club 47 Folk Revival (2013).
On 19 Dec 2014 Landrón spoke at the Cambridge Forum in Harvard Square, Massachusetts, about his experiences during Freedom Summer's voter registration drive in Mississippi in 1964. This appearance can be viewed on YouTube.
Actor
Washington y Landrón relocated to Manhattan to pursue acting under the name of Jack Landrón. One of his earliest performances was in the 1966 National Educational Television production of Tennessee Williams' one-act play Ten Blocks on the Camino Real (1948), starring Lotte Lenya and Martin Sheen; this has been available on DVD. He has done extensive work in commercials and continues to compose.
Landrón is a member of the board of the New York Screen Actors' Guild.
In the fall of 2007 Landrón appeared in Maxwell Anderson’s Night Over Taos, directed by Estelle Parsons..
In 2009 he relocated to West Hollywood, Los Angeles to pursue work in television and film. He currently lives in Los Angeles' Chinatown.
Landrón has two daughters.
Further reading
Baby, Let Me Follow You Down: The Illustrated Story of the Cambridge Folk Years by Eric Von Schmidt and Jim Rooney, 1979 (out of print)
Josh White: Society Blues by Elijah Wald (2000); dedicated to Landrón.
References
External links
Jackie's current music website
Illustrated Jackie Washington discography begins with Jackie Washington Landrón and then goes on to the Canadian Jackie Washington
An article about Jackie Washington's return to Club Passim (formerly Club 47) in 1997
fuller acting credits than most sites
TV work
Cuban/Latino Theater Archive
Answers.com gets his birthyear (1938) wrong
thumbnail bio, also wrong on birthyear
American folk singers
Living people
1938 births | [
"Jack Landrón (born Juán Cándido Washington y Landrón, June 2, 1938) is an Afro-Puerto Rican folksinger, songwriter, and actor.",
"Jackie Washington\n\nBorn Juán Cándido Washington y Landrón on June 2, 1938, in Puerto Rico, he grew up in the Boston, Massachusetts neighborhood of Roxbury.",
"He studied at Emerson College as a Theater Arts major.",
"As part of the Cambridge/Boston folk music scene in the early and mid-1960s, he released four albums on Vanguard—Jackie Washington (1962), Jackie Washington/2 (1963), Jackie Washington at Club 47 (1965), and Morning Song (1967); this last LP consisted entirely of original compositions and was his first with a band.",
"[None of his albums has been released on CD but individual songs have appeared on anthologies.",
"His sole single, for instance, \"Why Won't They Let Me Be?\"",
"(1966), is included in Northern Soul's Classiest Rarities 2 (Kent, 2005).]",
"The live album, Jackie Washington at Club 47, featuring a cover collage by Eric Von Schmidt, is most representative of his act as he had a lot to say between numbers—not only setting up the contexts of the songs but also relating personal anecdotes; indeed, he could easily have worked as a stand-up comedian, and he fully appreciated the early records of Bill Cosby (nowadays, his main man comedically is Chris Rock).",
"Vanguard, however, tried to groom him as a male counterpart to Joan Baez.",
"He now characterizes himself as primarily a storyteller.",
"While coming home in the early hours of December 3, 1962, Washington was arrested by the Boston Police: what happened was the subject of dispute, with the police saying that when they questioned him, Washington assaulted one of the officers and Washington asserting that he was stopped, and subsequently beaten by two officers, for no reason other than his race.",
"The case resulted in a cause célèbre which Washington's supporters believed had exposed racism in the Boston police force.",
"Washington was ultimately acquitted of all charges, in a verdict that took the jury only five hours to reach.",
"In the summer of 1964 Washington y Landrón participated in Freedom Schools conducted in the South, and three of his performances from his live album are included in the double-CD anthology Freedom Is A Constant Struggle (Songs of the Mississippi Civil Rights Movement) (1994).",
"At one point he was Dr. Martin Luther King's personal assistant in Mississippi.",
"In 1964, he also teamed for a time with Tony Saletan and Irene Kossoy (formerly and subsequently of the Kossoy Sisters) to form the Boston Folk Trio, which presented school concerts through the non-profit Young Audiences Arts for Learning.",
"\"Esta Navidad\" from his first album is included in the 1995 Vanguard compilation A Folksinger's Christmas.",
"Washington's version of the traditional English nonsense song \"Nottamun Town\" was the tune and arrangement used by Bob Dylan as the basis for \"Masters of War\", .",
"[Clinton Heylin in Revolution In the Air (2009) rejects this idea as \"patently absurd\" (p. 116), but Jackie Washington, including \"Nottamun Town\", was released in December 1962, and The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan, with \"Masters of War\", was released 27 May 1963; Dylan loved Washington's rendition, repeatedly requested he perform it, and asked Vanguard Records to give him a copy of Washington's debut album; Jean Ritchie, whose version Heylin and others give as Dylan's source, sings the song in a minor key but plays the accompaniment in major chords.",
"Washington reset the melody to minor chords, and in the process changed it somewhat—Dylan liked this version and used it as the model for \"Masters of War.\"]",
"Washington's role in the song's transmission is acknowledged in Bob Dylan by Greil Marcus: Writings 1968–2010 (Public Affairs, 2010, p. 410).",
"Washington taught Joan Baez \"There But For Fortune\" by Phil Ochs, which provided Baez with her first appearance on the singles chart.",
"(You can tell she learned it from him because he had made a lyric change; where Ochs had written \"whose face is growing pale\", Jackie, being black, had substituted \"whose life has grown stale\"—which is how Baez sings it.)",
"Originally managed by Manny Greenhill, Joan Baez's manager, Washington later did his own bookings.",
"He is currently managed by Mitch Greenhill, (Manny's son), through Folklore Productions.",
"On 25 July 1968 Jackie was master of ceremonies for a political rally supporting anti-Vietnam War presidential candidate Eugene McCarthy held at the Red Sox' Fenway Park.",
"As the first performer to headline the Caffè Lena in Saratoga Springs, New York, in 1960, Jackie was invited back 22 January 2010 to perform as part of an ongoing celebration of the club's 50th anniversary, with Bill Staines as the opening act.",
"On 1 Feb 2013 he returned to Club Passim (formerly Club 47) in Cambridge, Mass.",
"His first album in 45 years, Curbside Cotillion, was released in 2012, his first recording as Jack Landrón.",
"He is featured in the documentary For the Love of the Music: the Club 47 Folk Revival (2013).",
"On 19 Dec 2014 Landrón spoke at the Cambridge Forum in Harvard Square, Massachusetts, about his experiences during Freedom Summer's voter registration drive in Mississippi in 1964.",
"This appearance can be viewed on YouTube.",
"Actor\n\nWashington y Landrón relocated to Manhattan to pursue acting under the name of Jack Landrón.",
"One of his earliest performances was in the 1966 National Educational Television production of Tennessee Williams' one-act play Ten Blocks on the Camino Real (1948), starring Lotte Lenya and Martin Sheen; this has been available on DVD.",
"He has done extensive work in commercials and continues to compose.",
"Landrón is a member of the board of the New York Screen Actors' Guild.",
"In the fall of 2007 Landrón appeared in Maxwell Anderson’s Night Over Taos, directed by Estelle Parsons..",
"In 2009 he relocated to West Hollywood, Los Angeles to pursue work in television and film.",
"He currently lives in Los Angeles' Chinatown.",
"Landrón has two daughters.",
"Further reading\n Baby, Let Me Follow You Down: The Illustrated Story of the Cambridge Folk Years by Eric Von Schmidt and Jim Rooney, 1979 (out of print)\n Josh White: Society Blues by Elijah Wald (2000); dedicated to Landrón.",
"References\n\nExternal links\n Jackie's current music website \nIllustrated Jackie Washington discography begins with Jackie Washington Landrón and then goes on to the Canadian Jackie Washington\nAn article about Jackie Washington's return to Club Passim (formerly Club 47) in 1997\nfuller acting credits than most sites\n\nTV work\nCuban/Latino Theater Archive\n Answers.com gets his birthyear (1938) wrong\nthumbnail bio, also wrong on birthyear\n\nAmerican folk singers\nLiving people\n1938 births"
] | [
"Jack Landrn (born Jun Cndido Washington y Landrn, June 2, 1938) is an Afro-Puerto Rican folksinger.",
"On June 2, 1938, Jun Cndido Washington y Landrn was born in Puerto Rico.",
"He majored in Theater Arts at the college.",
"In the early and mid-1960s, he was part of the Cambridge/Boston folk music scene and released four albums, the last of which was Morning Song.",
"None of his albums have been released on CD, but individual songs have appeared on anthologies.",
"His single was \"Why Won't They Let Me Be?\"",
"It is included in Northern Soul's Classiest Rarities 2.",
"He had a lot to say between numbers, not only setting up the contexts of the songs but also relating personal anecdotes, so he could easily have worked as a musician.",
"He was tried to be a male version of Joan Baez.",
"He now says he's mostly a storyteller.",
"While coming home in the early hours of December 3, 1962, Washington was arrested by the Boston Police, who said that when they questioned him, he attacked one of the officers, and then lied about being stopped and beaten by two officers.",
"Washington's supporters believed the case exposed racism in the Boston police force.",
"The jury took only five hours to reach a verdict, in which Washington was acquitted of all charges.",
"In the summer of 1964 Washington y Landrn participated in Freedom Schools conducted in the South, and three of his performances from his live album are included in the double-CD anthology Freedom Is A Constant Struggle (Songs of the Mississippi Civil Rights Movement) (1994).",
"He was a personal assistant to Dr. Martin Luther King.",
"The Boston Folk Trio was formed in 1964 with Tony Saletan and the Kossoy Sisters, and presented school concerts through the non-profit Young Audiences Arts for Learning.",
"The first album of his was included in A Folksinger's Christmas.",
"Bob Dylan used Washington's version of the English nonsense song \"Nottamun Town\" as the basis for \"Masters of War\".",
"\"Nottamun Town\" and \"The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan\" were both released in 1962, and Clinton Heylin in Revolution In the Air rejects this idea as \"patently absurd\".",
"Dylan liked this version of the melody so much that he used it as the model for \"Masters of War\".",
"Greil Marcus: Writings 1968–2010 acknowledges Washington's role in the song's transmission.",
"Washington taught Joan Baez \"There But For Fortune\", which gave her her first appearance on the singles chart.",
"You can tell she learned it from him because he made a change to the lyrics.",
"Washington later did his own booking after being managed by Greenhill.",
"He is managed by the son of SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA.",
"The anti-Vietnam War presidential candidate Eugene McCarthy held a political rally at Boston's Fenway Park on July 25, 1968.",
"As the first performer to headline the Caff Lena in New York, in 1960,Jackie was invited back 22 January 2010 to perform as part of an ongoing celebration of the club's 50th anniversary, with Bill Staines as the opening act.",
"He returned to Club Passim in Cambridge, Mass., on February 1st.",
"Jack Landrn recorded his first recording as Jack Landrn in 2012 for his first album in 45 years.",
"The documentary For the Love of the Music: the Club 47 Folk Revival features him.",
"Landrn spoke about his experiences during Freedom Summer's voter registration drive in Mississippi in 1964, at the Cambridge Forum in Harvard Square, Massachusetts.",
"This appearance can be seen on the internet.",
"Washington y Landrn moved to Manhattan to pursue acting under the name Jack Landrn.",
"The 1966 National Educational Television production of Tennessee Williams' one-act play Ten Blocks on the Camino Real was one of his earliest performances.",
"He has done a lot of work in commercials.",
"The New York Screen Actors' Guild has a member named Landrn.",
"In the fall of 2007, Landrn appeared in a movie.",
"He moved to West Hollywood, Los Angeles to work on television and film.",
"He lives in Los Angeles' Chinatown.",
"Landrn has two children.",
"Josh White: Society Blues was dedicated to Landrn.",
"An article about Jackie Washington's return to Club Passim in 1997 is included in the current music website."
] | <mask> (born <mask>, June 2, 1938) is an Afro-Puerto Rican folksinger, songwriter, and actor. <mask>
Born <mask> on June 2, 1938, in Puerto Rico, he grew up in the Boston, Massachusetts neighborhood of Roxbury. He studied at Emerson College as a Theater Arts major. As part of the Cambridge/Boston folk music scene in the early and mid-1960s, he released four albums on Vanguard—<mask> (1962), <mask>/2 (1963), <mask> at Club 47 (1965), and Morning Song (1967); this last LP consisted entirely of original compositions and was his first with a band. [None of his albums has been released on CD but individual songs have appeared on anthologies. His sole single, for instance, "Why Won't They Let Me Be?" (1966), is included in Northern Soul's Classiest Rarities 2 (Kent, 2005).]The live album, <mask> at Club 47, featuring a cover collage by Eric Von Schmidt, is most representative of his act as he had a lot to say between numbers—not only setting up the contexts of the songs but also relating personal anecdotes; indeed, he could easily have worked as a stand-up comedian, and he fully appreciated the early records of Bill Cosby (nowadays, his main man comedically is Chris Rock). Vanguard, however, tried to groom him as a male counterpart to Joan Baez. He now characterizes himself as primarily a storyteller. While coming home in the early hours of December 3, 1962, Washington was arrested by the Boston Police: what happened was the subject of dispute, with the police saying that when they questioned him, Washington assaulted one of the officers and Washington asserting that he was stopped, and subsequently beaten by two officers, for no reason other than his race. The case resulted in a cause célèbre which Washington's supporters believed had exposed racism in the Boston police force. Washington was ultimately acquitted of all charges, in a verdict that took the jury only five hours to reach. In the summer of 1964 Washington y <mask> participated in Freedom Schools conducted in the South, and three of his performances from his live album are included in the double-CD anthology Freedom Is A Constant Struggle (Songs of the Mississippi Civil Rights Movement) (1994).At one point he was Dr. Martin Luther King's personal assistant in Mississippi. In 1964, he also teamed for a time with Tony Saletan and Irene Kossoy (formerly and subsequently of the Kossoy Sisters) to form the Boston Folk Trio, which presented school concerts through the non-profit Young Audiences Arts for Learning. "Esta Navidad" from his first album is included in the 1995 Vanguard compilation A Folksinger's Christmas. Washington's version of the traditional English nonsense song "Nottamun Town" was the tune and arrangement used by Bob Dylan as the basis for "Masters of War", . [Clinton Heylin in Revolution In the Air (2009) rejects this idea as "patently absurd" (p. 116), but <mask>, including "Nottamun Town", was released in December 1962, and The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan, with "Masters of War", was released 27 May 1963; Dylan loved Washington's rendition, repeatedly requested he perform it, and asked Vanguard Records to give him a copy of Washington's debut album; Jean Ritchie, whose version Heylin and others give as Dylan's source, sings the song in a minor key but plays the accompaniment in major chords. Washington reset the melody to minor chords, and in the process changed it somewhat—Dylan liked this version and used it as the model for "Masters of War."] Washington's role in the song's transmission is acknowledged in Bob Dylan by Greil Marcus: Writings 1968–2010 (Public Affairs, 2010, p. 410).Washington taught Joan Baez "There But For Fortune" by Phil Ochs, which provided Baez with her first appearance on the singles chart. (You can tell she learned it from him because he had made a lyric change; where Ochs had written "whose face is growing pale", <mask>, being black, had substituted "whose life has grown stale"—which is how Baez sings it.) Originally managed by Manny Greenhill, Joan Baez's manager, Washington later did his own bookings. He is currently managed by Mitch Greenhill, (Manny's son), through Folklore Productions. On 25 July 1968 <mask> was master of ceremonies for a political rally supporting anti-Vietnam War presidential candidate Eugene McCarthy held at the Red Sox' Fenway Park. As the first performer to headline the Caffè Lena in Saratoga Springs, New York, in 1960, <mask> was invited back 22 January 2010 to perform as part of an ongoing celebration of the club's 50th anniversary, with Bill Staines as the opening act. On 1 Feb 2013 he returned to Club Passim (formerly Club 47) in Cambridge, Mass.His first album in 45 years, Curbside Cotillion, was released in 2012, his first recording as <mask>. He is featured in the documentary For the Love of the Music: the Club 47 Folk Revival (2013). On 19 Dec 2014 <mask> spoke at the Cambridge Forum in Harvard Square, Massachusetts, about his experiences during Freedom Summer's voter registration drive in Mississippi in 1964. This appearance can be viewed on YouTube. Actor
Washington y <mask> relocated to Manhattan to pursue acting under the name of <mask>. One of his earliest performances was in the 1966 National Educational Television production of Tennessee Williams' one-act play Ten Blocks on the Camino Real (1948), starring Lotte Lenya and Martin Sheen; this has been available on DVD. He has done extensive work in commercials and continues to compose.<mask> is a member of the board of the New York Screen Actors' Guild. In the fall of 2007 Landrón appeared in Maxwell Anderson’s Night Over Taos, directed by Estelle Parsons.. In 2009 he relocated to West Hollywood, Los Angeles to pursue work in television and film. He currently lives in Los Angeles' Chinatown. Landrón has two daughters. Further reading
Baby, Let Me Follow You Down: The Illustrated Story of the Cambridge Folk Years by Eric Von Schmidt and Jim Rooney, 1979 (out of print)
Josh White: Society Blues by Elijah Wald (2000); dedicated to Landrón. References
External links
<mask>'s current music website
Illustrated Jackie Washington discography begins with <mask> Landrón and then goes on to the Canadian <mask>
An article about <mask>'s return to Club Passim (formerly Club 47) in 1997
fuller acting credits than most sites
TV work
Cuban/Latino Theater Archive
Answers.com gets his birthyear (1938) wrong
thumbnail bio, also wrong on birthyear
American folk singers
Living people
1938 births | [
"Jack Landrón",
"Juán Cándido Washington y Landrón",
"Jackie Washington",
"Juán Cándido Washington y Landrón",
"Jackie Washington",
"Jackie Washington",
"Jackie Washington",
"Jackie Washington",
"Landrón",
"Jackie Washington",
"Jackie",
"Jackie",
"Jackie",
"Jack Landrón",
"Landrón",
"Landrón",
"Jack Landrón",
"Landrón",
"Jackie",
"Jackie Washington",
"Jackie Washington",
"Jackie Washington"
] | <mask> (born Jun Cndido Washington y Landrn, June 2, 1938) is an Afro-Puerto Rican folksinger. On June 2, 1938, Jun Cndido Washington y Landrn was born in Puerto Rico. He majored in Theater Arts at the college. In the early and mid-1960s, he was part of the Cambridge/Boston folk music scene and released four albums, the last of which was Morning Song. None of his albums have been released on CD, but individual songs have appeared on anthologies. His single was "Why Won't They Let Me Be?" It is included in Northern Soul's Classiest Rarities 2.He had a lot to say between numbers, not only setting up the contexts of the songs but also relating personal anecdotes, so he could easily have worked as a musician. He was tried to be a male version of Joan Baez. He now says he's mostly a storyteller. While coming home in the early hours of December 3, 1962, Washington was arrested by the Boston Police, who said that when they questioned him, he attacked one of the officers, and then lied about being stopped and beaten by two officers. Washington's supporters believed the case exposed racism in the Boston police force. The jury took only five hours to reach a verdict, in which Washington was acquitted of all charges. In the summer of 1964 Washington y Landrn participated in Freedom Schools conducted in the South, and three of his performances from his live album are included in the double-CD anthology Freedom Is A Constant Struggle (Songs of the Mississippi Civil Rights Movement) (1994).He was a personal assistant to Dr. Martin Luther King. The Boston Folk Trio was formed in 1964 with Tony Saletan and the Kossoy Sisters, and presented school concerts through the non-profit Young Audiences Arts for Learning. The first album of his was included in A Folksinger's Christmas. Bob Dylan used Washington's version of the English nonsense song "Nottamun Town" as the basis for "Masters of War". "Nottamun Town" and "The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan" were both released in 1962, and Clinton Heylin in Revolution In the Air rejects this idea as "patently absurd". Dylan liked this version of the melody so much that he used it as the model for "Masters of War". Greil Marcus: Writings 1968–2010 acknowledges Washington's role in the song's transmission.Washington taught Joan Baez "There But For Fortune", which gave her her first appearance on the singles chart. You can tell she learned it from him because he made a change to the lyrics. Washington later did his own booking after being managed by Greenhill. He is managed by the son of SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA. The anti-Vietnam War presidential candidate Eugene McCarthy held a political rally at Boston's Fenway Park on July 25, 1968. As the first performer to headline the Caff Lena in New York, in 1960,<mask> was invited back 22 January 2010 to perform as part of an ongoing celebration of the club's 50th anniversary, with Bill Staines as the opening act. He returned to Club Passim in Cambridge, Mass., on February 1st.<mask> recorded his first recording as <mask> in 2012 for his first album in 45 years. The documentary For the Love of the Music: the Club 47 Folk Revival features him. Landrn spoke about his experiences during Freedom Summer's voter registration drive in Mississippi in 1964, at the Cambridge Forum in Harvard Square, Massachusetts. This appearance can be seen on the internet. Washington y Landrn moved to Manhattan to pursue acting under the name <mask>. The 1966 National Educational Television production of Tennessee Williams' one-act play Ten Blocks on the Camino Real was one of his earliest performances. He has done a lot of work in commercials.The New York Screen Actors' Guild has a member named Landrn. In the fall of 2007, Landrn appeared in a movie. He moved to West Hollywood, Los Angeles to work on television and film. He lives in Los Angeles' Chinatown. Landrn has two children. Josh White: Society Blues was dedicated to Landrn. An article about <mask>'s return to Club Passim in 1997 is included in the current music website. | [
"Jack Landrn",
"Jackie",
"Jack Landrn",
"Jack Landrn",
"Jack Landrn",
"Jackie Washington"
] |
200706 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art%20Babbitt | Art Babbitt | Arthur Harold Babitsky (October 8, 1907 – March 4, 1992), better known as Art Babbitt, was an American animator, best known for his work at Walt Disney Animation Studios. He received over 80 awards as an animation director and animator, and also developed the character of Goofy. Babbitt worked as an animator or animation director on films such as Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Pinocchio, Fantasia and Dumbo, among others. Outside of Disney, he also animated The Wise Quacking Duck for Leon Schlesinger Productions.
Early life
Babbitt was born to a Jewish family in the Little Bohemia section of Omaha, Nebraska, but moved to Sioux City, Iowa after he finished kindergarten. When his hard-working father had an accident on duty and became paralyzed as a result, Art decided to move to New York to take on the role of breadwinner.
Career
Art Babbitt began his career in New York City working for Paul Terry's Terrytoons Studio. But in the early 1930s he moved to Los Angeles followed by his fellow Terrytoon colleague Bill Tytla, and secured a job animating for the Walt Disney Studio, which was expanding at the time.
Disney Studio
Babbitt began his career at Disney as an assistant animator, but his talent was spotted and he was soon promoted to animator. His first important work was a drunken mouse in the short The Country Cousin (1936), which won an Academy Award for the studio.
At the Disney Studio, Babbitt animated the Wicked Queen in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, a job described by Disney animator Andreas Deja as "one of the toughest assignments" on the film. While he was working on Snow White, he met his first wife, Marjorie Belcher, a dance model whose live-action performance was used as reference material by the animators for the role of Snow White.
On the film Pinocchio, Babbitt animated the character of Geppetto, and became a directing animator. Of all Disney's films, Pinocchio was the feature which Babbitt most admired, and which he regarded as the finest achievement of the studio during the "Golden Age" of animation. Babbitt also animated the characters of the Dancing Mushrooms, Dancing Thistles, Dancing Orchids, Zeus, Vulcan, and Boreas in Fantasia. On the feature film Dumbo, Babbitt was again made a directing animator, and animated the character of the stork. When animating the stork, he made him resemble his voice actor, Sterling Holloway. Babbitt is also credited with developing the character of Goofy, a character which he later described in the 1987 documentary film "Animating Art":
Goofy was someone who never really knew how stupid he was. He thought long and carefully before he did anything, and then he did it wrong.
During the 1930s Babbitt rose to become one of Disney's best-paid artists, and enjoyed a lavish lifestyle despite the austerity of the Great Depression:
I was living the Life of Riley. I didn't realize how fortunate I was. I was earning a very good salary. I had two servants, a large house, and three cars. You know, what in the world was I going to do with three cars?
However, despite this prosperity, in 1940 he and his wife Marjorie were divorced.
Cartoonist strike
Despite being one of the highest paid animators at Disney, Babbitt was sympathetic to the cause of lower echelon Disney artists seeking to form a union. Most of the strikers were in-betweeners, cel painters, and other less-well paid employees, who in 1941 began industrial action in pursuit of better working conditions. As a top animator, Babbitt was one of relatively few well-paid artists to join the strike, and he became one of the strike leaders. One morning, as Disney drove through picketing workers on his way to the studio, Babbitt heckled him through a bullhorn. Disney exited his car to confront him, and a fistfight was only prevented by the intervention of others.
For his part in the strike, Babbitt earned Walt Disney's enmity. Disney was forced to re-hire Babbitt after the strike was over, along with many other strikers, but by then the two men disliked one another. Babbitt worked with director Jack Kinney, another "Goofy man" (meaning that they worked together on the Goofy shorts), as Disney began to look for ways to be rid of Babbitt. "If he gets in your way, let me know", Disney said to Kinney. Babbitt was fired more than once but was re-instated, taking his case successfully all the way to the Supreme Court of the United States, and winning a handsome settlement.
WWII
After serving with the Marines in the Pacific in World War II, Babbitt returned to Disney for a time, following an "unfair labor practices" suit brought by Babbitt against Disney. Disney was forced to rehire him after the war, but Babbitt did not stay long.
Career after Disney
Along with some other former Disney strikers, Babbitt left Disney and went to join the United Productions of America (UPA), a new studio which pioneered a modern, simplified form of animation. He worked on many of their famous award-winning shorts, including the lead character Frankie in "Rooty Toot-Toot" (1951), and won many awards. In the 1950s he was part owner of Quartet Films, where he worked on television commercials, including the Cleo winning "John & Marsha" spot for Parkay Margarine. Later he was part of Hanna-Barbera's commercial wing.
Known in the animation world as one of the art's most accomplished teachers, in 1973 Canadian animator Richard Williams brought Babbitt to his London studio in Soho Square to deliver a series of lectures on animation acting and technique that subsequently became famous among animators. Some of Babbitt's final work was on the characters King Nod and Phido, the vulture, in Williams' film The Thief and the Cobbler. He also animated the Camel with Wrinkled Knees in William's Raggedy Ann and Andy: A Musical Adventure.
In 1991 Disney Company chief Roy E. Disney, the nephew of Walt, contacted Babbitt and they ended the long feud. Babbitt's former rivals, the pro-Walt animators Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston, gave Babbitt a warm and moving eulogy at his funeral service. He was interred in the Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills).
Family life and legacy
His first wife (1937–1940) was Marge Champion, a dance model in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. His second wife was Dina Babbitt, an artist and a Holocaust survivor. He had two daughters with Dina, L. Michele Babbitt and Karin Wendy Babbitt. His third wife until his death was actress Barbara Perry. His step-daughter from Barbara is Laurel James. Babbitt died of kidney failure on March 4, 1992. In the late 1980s, a British television documentary titled Animating Art was broadcast, celebrating Babbitt's life and work. The documentary was produced and directed by Imogen Sutton (Richard Williams' wife), and features extensive interviews with Babbitt and his then employer, Williams. Babbitt was posthumously named a Disney Legend in 2007.
The Academy Film Archive holds a small collection of personal films belonging to Babbitt. The archive has preserved a number of Babbitt's home movies from this collection, including one of the 1938 Academy Awards.
Filmography
Notes
References
Kinney, Jack, Walt Disney and other assorted characters - An unauthorised account of the early years at Disney's, Harmony Books, New York, 1988
External links
Dina Babbitt - Daily Telegraph obituary. Retrieved January 2010
Retrieved July 2012
Art Babbitt remembered at FLIP animation magazine Retrieved February 2013
1907 births
1992 deaths
Animators from Nebraska
Jewish American artists
Walt Disney Animation Studios people
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)
Deaths from kidney failure
Artists from Omaha, Nebraska
Military personnel from Omaha, Nebraska
Warner Bros. Cartoons people
Terrytoons people
Disney controversies
Animation controversies
Animation controversies in film
United States Marine Corps personnel of World War II | [
"Arthur Harold Babitsky (October 8, 1907 – March 4, 1992), better known as Art Babbitt, was an American animator, best known for his work at Walt Disney Animation Studios.",
"He received over 80 awards as an animation director and animator, and also developed the character of Goofy.",
"Babbitt worked as an animator or animation director on films such as Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Pinocchio, Fantasia and Dumbo, among others.",
"Outside of Disney, he also animated The Wise Quacking Duck for Leon Schlesinger Productions.",
"Early life\nBabbitt was born to a Jewish family in the Little Bohemia section of Omaha, Nebraska, but moved to Sioux City, Iowa after he finished kindergarten.",
"When his hard-working father had an accident on duty and became paralyzed as a result, Art decided to move to New York to take on the role of breadwinner.",
"Career \nArt Babbitt began his career in New York City working for Paul Terry's Terrytoons Studio.",
"But in the early 1930s he moved to Los Angeles followed by his fellow Terrytoon colleague Bill Tytla, and secured a job animating for the Walt Disney Studio, which was expanding at the time.",
"Disney Studio \nBabbitt began his career at Disney as an assistant animator, but his talent was spotted and he was soon promoted to animator.",
"His first important work was a drunken mouse in the short The Country Cousin (1936), which won an Academy Award for the studio.",
"At the Disney Studio, Babbitt animated the Wicked Queen in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, a job described by Disney animator Andreas Deja as \"one of the toughest assignments\" on the film.",
"While he was working on Snow White, he met his first wife, Marjorie Belcher, a dance model whose live-action performance was used as reference material by the animators for the role of Snow White.",
"On the film Pinocchio, Babbitt animated the character of Geppetto, and became a directing animator.",
"Of all Disney's films, Pinocchio was the feature which Babbitt most admired, and which he regarded as the finest achievement of the studio during the \"Golden Age\" of animation.",
"Babbitt also animated the characters of the Dancing Mushrooms, Dancing Thistles, Dancing Orchids, Zeus, Vulcan, and Boreas in Fantasia.",
"On the feature film Dumbo, Babbitt was again made a directing animator, and animated the character of the stork.",
"When animating the stork, he made him resemble his voice actor, Sterling Holloway.",
"Babbitt is also credited with developing the character of Goofy, a character which he later described in the 1987 documentary film \"Animating Art\":\nGoofy was someone who never really knew how stupid he was.",
"He thought long and carefully before he did anything, and then he did it wrong.",
"During the 1930s Babbitt rose to become one of Disney's best-paid artists, and enjoyed a lavish lifestyle despite the austerity of the Great Depression:\nI was living the Life of Riley.",
"I didn't realize how fortunate I was.",
"I was earning a very good salary.",
"I had two servants, a large house, and three cars.",
"You know, what in the world was I going to do with three cars?",
"However, despite this prosperity, in 1940 he and his wife Marjorie were divorced.",
"Cartoonist strike \n\nDespite being one of the highest paid animators at Disney, Babbitt was sympathetic to the cause of lower echelon Disney artists seeking to form a union.",
"Most of the strikers were in-betweeners, cel painters, and other less-well paid employees, who in 1941 began industrial action in pursuit of better working conditions.",
"As a top animator, Babbitt was one of relatively few well-paid artists to join the strike, and he became one of the strike leaders.",
"One morning, as Disney drove through picketing workers on his way to the studio, Babbitt heckled him through a bullhorn.",
"Disney exited his car to confront him, and a fistfight was only prevented by the intervention of others.",
"For his part in the strike, Babbitt earned Walt Disney's enmity.",
"Disney was forced to re-hire Babbitt after the strike was over, along with many other strikers, but by then the two men disliked one another.",
"Babbitt worked with director Jack Kinney, another \"Goofy man\" (meaning that they worked together on the Goofy shorts), as Disney began to look for ways to be rid of Babbitt.",
"\"If he gets in your way, let me know\", Disney said to Kinney.",
"Babbitt was fired more than once but was re-instated, taking his case successfully all the way to the Supreme Court of the United States, and winning a handsome settlement.",
"WWII \nAfter serving with the Marines in the Pacific in World War II, Babbitt returned to Disney for a time, following an \"unfair labor practices\" suit brought by Babbitt against Disney.",
"Disney was forced to rehire him after the war, but Babbitt did not stay long.",
"Career after Disney \nAlong with some other former Disney strikers, Babbitt left Disney and went to join the United Productions of America (UPA), a new studio which pioneered a modern, simplified form of animation.",
"He worked on many of their famous award-winning shorts, including the lead character Frankie in \"Rooty Toot-Toot\" (1951), and won many awards.",
"In the 1950s he was part owner of Quartet Films, where he worked on television commercials, including the Cleo winning \"John & Marsha\" spot for Parkay Margarine.",
"Later he was part of Hanna-Barbera's commercial wing.",
"Known in the animation world as one of the art's most accomplished teachers, in 1973 Canadian animator Richard Williams brought Babbitt to his London studio in Soho Square to deliver a series of lectures on animation acting and technique that subsequently became famous among animators.",
"Some of Babbitt's final work was on the characters King Nod and Phido, the vulture, in Williams' film The Thief and the Cobbler.",
"He also animated the Camel with Wrinkled Knees in William's Raggedy Ann and Andy: A Musical Adventure.",
"In 1991 Disney Company chief Roy E. Disney, the nephew of Walt, contacted Babbitt and they ended the long feud.",
"Babbitt's former rivals, the pro-Walt animators Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston, gave Babbitt a warm and moving eulogy at his funeral service.",
"He was interred in the Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills).",
"Family life and legacy\nHis first wife (1937–1940) was Marge Champion, a dance model in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.",
"His second wife was Dina Babbitt, an artist and a Holocaust survivor.",
"He had two daughters with Dina, L. Michele Babbitt and Karin Wendy Babbitt.",
"His third wife until his death was actress Barbara Perry.",
"His step-daughter from Barbara is Laurel James.",
"Babbitt died of kidney failure on March 4, 1992.",
"In the late 1980s, a British television documentary titled Animating Art was broadcast, celebrating Babbitt's life and work.",
"The documentary was produced and directed by Imogen Sutton (Richard Williams' wife), and features extensive interviews with Babbitt and his then employer, Williams.",
"Babbitt was posthumously named a Disney Legend in 2007.",
"The Academy Film Archive holds a small collection of personal films belonging to Babbitt.",
"The archive has preserved a number of Babbitt's home movies from this collection, including one of the 1938 Academy Awards.",
"Filmography\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\nKinney, Jack, Walt Disney and other assorted characters - An unauthorised account of the early years at Disney's, Harmony Books, New York, 1988\n\nExternal links\n \n Dina Babbitt - Daily Telegraph obituary.",
"Retrieved January 2010\n Retrieved July 2012\n Art Babbitt remembered at FLIP animation magazine Retrieved February 2013\n\n1907 births\n1992 deaths\nAnimators from Nebraska\nJewish American artists\nWalt Disney Animation Studios people\nBurials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)\nDeaths from kidney failure\nArtists from Omaha, Nebraska\nMilitary personnel from Omaha, Nebraska\nWarner Bros. Cartoons people\nTerrytoons people\nDisney controversies\nAnimation controversies\nAnimation controversies in film\nUnited States Marine Corps personnel of World War II"
] | [
"Art Babbitt, also known as Arthur Harold Babitsky, was an American animator best known for his work at Walt Disney Animation Studios.",
"He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217",
"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs was one of the films that Babbitt worked on.",
"The Wise Quacking Duck was 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846",
"Babbitt was born to a Jewish family in Omaha, Nebraska, but moved to Iowa after finishing kindergarten.",
"Art moved to New York to take on the role of breadwinner after his father was paralyzed from the waist down.",
"Art worked for Paul Terry's Terrytoons Studio in New York City.",
"He moved to Los Angeles in the early 1930s after working for Terrytoon and Bill Tytla at the Disney studio.",
"When he was an assistant animator at Disney, his talent was spotted and he was promoted to animator.",
"The Country Cousin, which won an Academy Award, was his first important work.",
"One of the toughest assignments on the film was the animation of the Wicked Queen in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.",
"While working on Snow White, he met his first wife, Marjorie, a dance model whose live-action performance was used as reference material for the role of Snow White.",
"The character of Geppetto was animated by Babbitt, who became a directing animator.",
"The finest achievement of the studio during the \"Golden Age\" of animation was the feature \"Pinocchio\".",
"The characters of Dancing Mushrooms, Dancing Thistles, Dancing Orchids, Zeus, Vulcan, and Boreas were animated by Babbitt.",
"The character of the stork was animated by Babbitt on the film.",
"He made the stork look like his voice actor.",
"Goofy, a character that Babbitt described in the 1987 documentary film \"Animating Art\", was someone who never really knew how stupid he was.",
"He did it wrong because he thought before he did anything.",
"Despite the austerity of the Great Depression, Babbitt rose to become one of Disney's best-paid artists and enjoyed a lavish lifestyle.",
"I didn't know how lucky I was.",
"I was making a good living.",
"I owned a large house and three cars.",
"I didn't know what I was going to do with the three cars.",
"He and his wife Marjorie were divorced in 1940.",
"Despite being one of the highest paid animators at Disney, Babbitt was sympathetic to the cause of lower paid Disney artists trying to form a union.",
"In 1941, in-betweeners, painters, and other less well paid employees began industrial action in pursuit of better working conditions.",
"One of the few well-paid artists to join the strike was Babbitt, who became one of the strike leaders.",
"As Disney drove through picketing workers on his way to the studio, Babbitt heckled him through a bullhorn.",
"A fistfight was prevented after Disney exited his car to confront him.",
"He earned Walt Disney's enmity for his part in the strike.",
"After the strike ended, Disney re-hired Babbitt, but the two men disliked each other.",
"As Disney began to look for ways to be rid of Babbitt, they worked together on the Goofy shorts.",
"\"If he gets in your way, let me know\", Disney said.",
"He took his case all the way to the Supreme Court of the United States and won a handsome settlement after being fired more than once.",
"After serving with the Marines in the Pacific in World War II, Babbitt returned to Disney and brought an unfair labor practices suit against the company.",
"After the war, Disney rehired him, but he did not stay long.",
"The United Production of America (UPA), a new studio which pioneered a modern, simplified form of animation, was founded by Babbitt, along with some other former Disney strikers.",
"The lead character in \"Rooty Toot-Toot\" was worked on by him and he won many awards.",
"The \"John & Marsha\" spot for Parkay Margarine was one of the commercials he worked on.",
"He was part of the commercial wing.",
"One of the most accomplished teachers in the animation world, Richard Williams, brought Babbitt to his London studio in 1973, to give a series of lectures on animation acting and technique.",
"The characters King Nod and Phido, the vulture, in Williams' film The Thief and the Cobbler were some of the final work done by Babbitt.",
"The Camel was animated in William's Raggedy Ann and Andy: A Musical Adventure.",
"The long feud between Disney and Babbitt ended in 1991.",
"At his funeral service, Babbitt's former rivals gave him a warm and moving eulogy.",
"He was buried in the Forest Lawn Memorial Park.",
"His first wife was Marge Champion, a dancer in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.",
"His second wife was a Holocaust survivor.",
"He had two daughters with Dina.",
"Barbara was his third wife.",
"His step-daughter is from Barbara.",
"On March 4, 1992, Babbitt passed away.",
"A British television documentary celebrating the life and work of Babbitt was broadcasted in the late 1980s.",
"The documentary was directed and produced by the wife of Richard Williams.",
"In 2007, he was named a Disney Legend.",
"The Academy Film Archive has a small collection of personal films.",
"There is a number of home movies from this collection that have been preserved by the archive.",
"An account of the early years at Disney's, an unauthorized account of the early years at Disney's, an account of the early years at Disney's, an account of the early years at Disney's, an account of the early years at Disney's, an account",
"In July 2012 Art Babbitt was remembered at FLIP animation magazine."
] | <mask> (October 8, 1907 – March 4, 1992), better known as <mask>, was an American animator, best known for his work at Walt Disney Animation Studios. He received over 80 awards as an animation director and animator, and also developed the character of Goofy. Babbitt worked as an animator or animation director on films such as Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Pinocchio, Fantasia and Dumbo, among others. Outside of Disney, he also animated The Wise Quacking Duck for Leon Schlesinger Productions. Early life
<mask> was born to a Jewish family in the Little Bohemia section of Omaha, Nebraska, but moved to Sioux City, Iowa after he finished kindergarten. When his hard-working father had an accident on duty and became paralyzed as a result, <mask> decided to move to New York to take on the role of breadwinner. Career
<mask> began his career in New York City working for Paul Terry's Terrytoons Studio.But in the early 1930s he moved to Los Angeles followed by his fellow Terrytoon colleague Bill Tytla, and secured a job animating for the Walt Disney Studio, which was expanding at the time. Disney Studio
<mask> began his career at Disney as an assistant animator, but his talent was spotted and he was soon promoted to animator. His first important work was a drunken mouse in the short The Country Cousin (1936), which won an Academy Award for the studio. At the Disney Studio, Babbitt animated the Wicked Queen in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, a job described by Disney animator Andreas Deja as "one of the toughest assignments" on the film. While he was working on Snow White, he met his first wife, Marjorie Belcher, a dance model whose live-action performance was used as reference material by the animators for the role of Snow White. On the film Pinocchio, <mask> animated the character of Geppetto, and became a directing animator. Of all Disney's films, Pinocchio was the feature which <mask> most admired, and which he regarded as the finest achievement of the studio during the "Golden Age" of animation.<mask> also animated the characters of the Dancing Mushrooms, Dancing Thistles, Dancing Orchids, Zeus, Vulcan, and Boreas in Fantasia. On the feature film Dumbo, <mask> was again made a directing animator, and animated the character of the stork. When animating the stork, he made him resemble his voice actor, Sterling Holloway. <mask> is also credited with developing the character of Goofy, a character which he later described in the 1987 documentary film "Animating Art":
Goofy was someone who never really knew how stupid he was. He thought long and carefully before he did anything, and then he did it wrong. During the 1930s <mask> rose to become one of Disney's best-paid artists, and enjoyed a lavish lifestyle despite the austerity of the Great Depression:
I was living the Life of Riley. I didn't realize how fortunate I was.I was earning a very good salary. I had two servants, a large house, and three cars. You know, what in the world was I going to do with three cars? However, despite this prosperity, in 1940 he and his wife Marjorie were divorced. Cartoonist strike
Despite being one of the highest paid animators at Disney, <mask> was sympathetic to the cause of lower echelon Disney artists seeking to form a union. Most of the strikers were in-betweeners, cel painters, and other less-well paid employees, who in 1941 began industrial action in pursuit of better working conditions. As a top animator, <mask> was one of relatively few well-paid artists to join the strike, and he became one of the strike leaders.One morning, as Disney drove through picketing workers on his way to the studio, <mask> heckled him through a bullhorn. Disney exited his car to confront him, and a fistfight was only prevented by the intervention of others. For his part in the strike, <mask> earned Walt Disney's enmity. Disney was forced to re-hire <mask> after the strike was over, along with many other strikers, but by then the two men disliked one another. <mask> worked with director Jack Kinney, another "Goofy man" (meaning that they worked together on the Goofy shorts), as Disney began to look for ways to be rid of <mask>. "If he gets in your way, let me know", Disney said to Kinney. <mask> was fired more than once but was re-instated, taking his case successfully all the way to the Supreme Court of the United States, and winning a handsome settlement.WWII
After serving with the Marines in the Pacific in World War II, <mask> returned to Disney for a time, following an "unfair labor practices" suit brought by <mask> against Disney. Disney was forced to rehire him after the war, but <mask> did not stay long. Career after Disney
Along with some other former Disney strikers, <mask> left Disney and went to join the United Productions of America (UPA), a new studio which pioneered a modern, simplified form of animation. He worked on many of their famous award-winning shorts, including the lead character Frankie in "Rooty Toot-Toot" (1951), and won many awards. In the 1950s he was part owner of Quartet Films, where he worked on television commercials, including the Cleo winning "John & Marsha" spot for Parkay Margarine. Later he was part of Hanna-Barbera's commercial wing. Known in the animation world as one of the art's most accomplished teachers, in 1973 Canadian animator Richard Williams brought <mask> to his London studio in Soho Square to deliver a series of lectures on animation acting and technique that subsequently became famous among animators.Some of <mask>'s final work was on the characters King Nod and Phido, the vulture, in Williams' film The Thief and the Cobbler. He also animated the Camel with Wrinkled Knees in William's Raggedy Ann and Andy: A Musical Adventure. In 1991 Disney Company chief Roy E. Disney, the nephew of Walt, contacted <mask> and they ended the long feud. <mask>'s former rivals, the pro-Walt animators Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston, gave <mask> a warm and moving eulogy at his funeral service. He was interred in the Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills). Family life and legacy
His first wife (1937–1940) was Marge Champion, a dance model in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. His second wife was Dina <mask>, an artist and a Holocaust survivor.He had two daughters with Dina, L. Michele <mask> and Karin Wendy <mask>. His third wife until his death was actress Barbara Perry. His step-daughter from Barbara is Laurel James. <mask> died of kidney failure on March 4, 1992. In the late 1980s, a British television documentary titled Animating Art was broadcast, celebrating <mask>'s life and work. The documentary was produced and directed by Imogen Sutton (Richard Williams' wife), and features extensive interviews with <mask> and his then employer, Williams. <mask> was posthumously named a Disney Legend in 2007.The Academy Film Archive holds a small collection of personal films belonging to <mask>. The archive has preserved a number of <mask>'s home movies from this collection, including one of the 1938 Academy Awards. Filmography
Notes
References
Kinney, Jack, Walt Disney and other assorted characters - An unauthorised account of the early years at Disney's, Harmony Books, New York, 1988
External links
Dina <mask> - Daily Telegraph obituary. Retrieved January 2010
Retrieved July 2012
<mask> remembered at FLIP animation magazine Retrieved February 2013
1907 births
1992 deaths
Animators from Nebraska
Jewish American artists
Walt Disney Animation Studios people
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)
Deaths from kidney failure
Artists from Omaha, Nebraska
Military personnel from Omaha, Nebraska
Warner Bros. Cartoons people
Terrytoons people
Disney controversies
Animation controversies
Animation controversies in film
United States Marine Corps personnel of World War II | [
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] | <mask>, also known as <mask>, was an American animator best known for his work at Walt Disney Animation Studios. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs was one of the films that Babbitt worked on. The Wise Quacking Duck was 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 Babbitt was born to a Jewish family in Omaha, Nebraska, but moved to Iowa after finishing kindergarten. Art moved to New York to take on the role of breadwinner after his father was paralyzed from the waist down. Art worked for Paul Terry's Terrytoons Studio in New York City.He moved to Los Angeles in the early 1930s after working for Terrytoon and Bill Tytla at the Disney studio. When he was an assistant animator at Disney, his talent was spotted and he was promoted to animator. The Country Cousin, which won an Academy Award, was his first important work. One of the toughest assignments on the film was the animation of the Wicked Queen in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. While working on Snow White, he met his first wife, Marjorie, a dance model whose live-action performance was used as reference material for the role of Snow White. The character of Geppetto was animated by <mask>, who became a directing animator. The finest achievement of the studio during the "Golden Age" of animation was the feature "Pinocchio".The characters of Dancing Mushrooms, Dancing Thistles, Dancing Orchids, Zeus, Vulcan, and Boreas were animated by <mask>. The character of the stork was animated by <mask> on the film. He made the stork look like his voice actor. Goofy, a character that <mask> described in the 1987 documentary film "Animating Art", was someone who never really knew how stupid he was. He did it wrong because he thought before he did anything. Despite the austerity of the Great Depression, <mask> rose to become one of Disney's best-paid artists and enjoyed a lavish lifestyle. I didn't know how lucky I was.I was making a good living. I owned a large house and three cars. I didn't know what I was going to do with the three cars. He and his wife Marjorie were divorced in 1940. Despite being one of the highest paid animators at Disney, <mask> was sympathetic to the cause of lower paid Disney artists trying to form a union. In 1941, in-betweeners, painters, and other less well paid employees began industrial action in pursuit of better working conditions. One of the few well-paid artists to join the strike was <mask>, who became one of the strike leaders.As Disney drove through picketing workers on his way to the studio, <mask> heckled him through a bullhorn. A fistfight was prevented after Disney exited his car to confront him. He earned Walt Disney's enmity for his part in the strike. After the strike ended, Disney re-hired <mask>, but the two men disliked each other. As Disney began to look for ways to be rid of <mask>, they worked together on the Goofy shorts. "If he gets in your way, let me know", Disney said. He took his case all the way to the Supreme Court of the United States and won a handsome settlement after being fired more than once.After serving with the Marines in the Pacific in World War II, <mask> returned to Disney and brought an unfair labor practices suit against the company. After the war, Disney rehired him, but he did not stay long. The United Production of America (UPA), a new studio which pioneered a modern, simplified form of animation, was founded by <mask>, along with some other former Disney strikers. The lead character in "Rooty Toot-Toot" was worked on by him and he won many awards. The "John & Marsha" spot for Parkay Margarine was one of the commercials he worked on. He was part of the commercial wing. One of the most accomplished teachers in the animation world, Richard Williams, brought <mask> to his London studio in 1973, to give a series of lectures on animation acting and technique.The characters King Nod and Phido, the vulture, in Williams' film The Thief and the Cobbler were some of the final work done by <mask>. The Camel was animated in William's Raggedy Ann and Andy: A Musical Adventure. The long feud between Disney and <mask> ended in 1991. At his funeral service, <mask>'s former rivals gave him a warm and moving eulogy. He was buried in the Forest Lawn Memorial Park. His first wife was Marge Champion, a dancer in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. His second wife was a Holocaust survivor.He had two daughters with Dina. Barbara was his third wife. His step-daughter is from Barbara. On March 4, 1992, <mask> passed away. A British television documentary celebrating the life and work of <mask> was broadcasted in the late 1980s. The documentary was directed and produced by the wife of Richard Williams. In 2007, he was named a Disney Legend.The Academy Film Archive has a small collection of personal films. There is a number of home movies from this collection that have been preserved by the archive. An account of the early years at Disney's, an unauthorized account of the early years at Disney's, an account of the early years at Disney's, an account of the early years at Disney's, an account of the early years at Disney's, an account In July 2012 <mask> was remembered at FLIP animation magazine. | [
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15413537 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Rutgers%20Marshall | Henry Rutgers Marshall | Henry Rutgers Marshall (22 July 1852 – 3 May 1927) was an American architect and psychologist. In 1881, Marshall married Julia Robbins Gillman, who died prematurely in 1888. He had one daughter with Gillman, who also predeceased him. Marshall was largely a loner. His lack of familial contact led him to focus greatly on his work in architecture and his other interests. He died and was buried in Woodbury, Connecticut in 1927.
Early life
Henry Rutgers Marshall was born on July 22 in 1852 in New York City to Henry Perry and Cornelia Marshall. Related to the famous Rutgers family of New York City and New Jersey, Henry had a privileged upbringing. He had a privileged childhood and attended the finest New York private schools as a child. He then continued his education and Columbia College. Marshall studied architecture as both an undergrad and graduate student. He graduated from Columbia College with master's degree in architecture in 1876. At this time in Marshall's life, psychology wasn't a concern to him.
He began practicing architecture, his lifelong career, two years after graduating in 1878. His most famous designs include Rudyard Kipling's house Naulakha in Dummerston, VT, the Congregational Church in Colorado Springs, and the Old Buildings of Brearley School in New York. He was most known for his designs of country houses. Marshall's accomplishments in the world of architecture did not go unnoticed. He was elected to be a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects, and was eventually given the honor of becoming president of the Institute's New York Chapter. Henry was also active with the Art Commission for the City of New York, where he served as the executive secretary.
Contributions to psychology
Aside from his devoted career in architecture, Marshall became fascinated by psychology and philosophy, and began studying paths where the two subjects intersected. Marshall pursued these subjects without any formal training in psychology or philosophy, whatsoever; rather, they were merely interests to him. He developed a wide range of interests in topics including intelligence, sensation, consciousness, emotion, religion, instinct, synesthesia and dreams. Marshall began writing about these topics but they largely went unnoticed until the publishing of his first book.
His first major appearance came with the publishing of his book Pain, Pleasure, and Aesthetics in 1894, known as his most famous and influential work. In this book, Marshall rejected the structuralist ideals of physiological and anatomical evidence pointing to pleasure and pain sensations. He further criticized the work of Goldsheider, who discovered pressure spots, cold spots, and heat spots on the surfaces of skin. Marshall believed that Goldsheider was too quick to cite physiology for his findings.
In Pain, Pleasure, and Aesthetics, Marshall further went on to argue that beauty is a matter of the hedonic effect, characterized by pleasure. He believed that no single characteristic was common among all beautiful things except for the ability to please. William James, now known as one of the most influential American philosophers, praised Rutgers’ book endlessly. James described the work as "epoch-making" and "full of shrewd and original psychology." James and many others believed that Marshall had made a great contribution to psychology in this book.
Soon after the publishing of this famous book, he wrote a series of lectures on aesthetics, which he delivered as an honorary lecturer at Columbia University, his alma mater. Rutgers also lectured at Harvard University, the Nineteenth Century Club of New York City, the Contemporary Club of Philadelphia, and Yale Art School. In 1904, he gave a principle address on aesthetics before the St. Louis International Congress of Arts and Sciences.
Marshall's views on aesthetics were a combination of sensational aspects, proposed by Lotze, emotional aspects, discussed by James and Mill, and intellectual factures, focused on by Kant and Ladd. Henry combined all of these aspects into his own system that held pain and pleasure as the basis for all esthetic experiences and judgments.
He wrote on topics including the nature of emotion, desire, pleasure, pain, and evolution. His published articles and books in addition to Pain, Pleasure, and Aesthetics are Aesthetic Principles, in 1895, Instinct and Reason, in 1898, The Relation of Aesthetics to Psychology and Philosophy, in 1905, Human and Other Types of Consciousness, in 1905, War and the Ideal of Peace, in 1915, Mind and Conduct, in 1919, and The Beautiful, in 1924.
Though Marshall never held an academic position in the field of psychology, he became a figure that many psychologists looked to. He was influential of Alexander Bain, Mary Calkins, Josiah Royce, and Edward Titchener (Wright, 2010). At the height of his fame in the field of psychology, he was elected the 16th president of the American Psychological Association in 1907. Henry began sharing his opinions and concerns more heavily once he had a larger audience.
In 1909, Marshall wrote a paper in response to Titchener's book Lectures on the Elementary Psychology of Feeling and Attention. Titchener and Marshall shared views in psychology, however disagreed about the nature of psychology and the importance of sensations. In Marshall's paper, he argued against Titchener's idea that pains and pleasures are sensational. Marshall believed that they are instead a mental quality. He felt as though Titchener was far too focused on sensations and emotional states resulting from pain and pleasure.
While many admired Marshall, he was highly critical and argumentative about others’ views. He repeatedly argued with psychologists who sough physiological explanations for psychological events, pegging these individuals as too dependent on natural sciences. Marshall was also critical of behaviorists. He claimed that behaviorists were truly confused in believing that behavior should have been the target of psychology. Henry repeatedly chastised behaviorists claiming to be the only real psychologists. Understandably, many individuals who viewed psychology from a physiological or behaviorist perspective grew to dislike him. Marshall went on to attack functional psychology and claim that it wasn't a real branch of psychology.
Henry Rutgers Marshall was bold and firm in his opinions. This led to him having many admirers but also many who disliked him greatly. As time passed, his popularity decreased significantly. American psychology was undergoing rapid changes. In 1913, Marshall wrote an article "Is Psychology Evaporating?" in which he angrily blamed other psychologists for losing sight of the purpose of psychology. Many were tired of hearing Marshall's complaints and attacks. His ideas were losing interest rapidly and he refused to change his conceptions of psychology. Despite his great interests in theories on education and music, Marshall ignored any advancement on the subjects.
He published his last book, The Beautiful, in 1924. This was a continuation on his initial book Pain, Pleasure, and Aesthetics and Aesthetic Principles, that had brought him so much fame 30 years before. Many psychologists saw this book as a sad attempt by Henry to come back to fame. D.W. Prall accused Marshall of having little understanding of the realities of aesthetics in The Beautiful. He described it as unwelcome and an unfortunate ending to what began as a promising contribution to psychological theory. In many ways, Marshall was the cause of his own demise in the world of psychology.
Henry continued to restrict psychology to his own specific views and argued with anyone who disagreed with him. The world of psychology lost interest in him. He death went unnoticed by the world of psychology, so much so that the American Psychological Association did not even publish an obituary for its past president.
Marshall's Views on War
Henry's discussion on war fell during the First World War. Rutgers absolutely hated war. He was deeply fearful of a German victory. When America finally entered war, he became extremely patriotic. Amidst his fear and concerns of war, Marshall began writing on how a pacifist might fit into a world at war in his article The Pacifist at War, published in The Atlantic Monthly in May, 1918.
In this article, Marshall described war as the greatest of all evils. He explained his confliction in being a patriotic pacifist. Against his prior beliefs, Henry stated that pacifists needed to lay aside the thought of peace and instead devote all energies to anything that might yield victory. Though it was against his original pacifistic beliefs, he encouraged other pacifists to make a sacrifice in going against their beliefs in an effort to take a step towards long-term peace. Marshall believed that once this massive war came to an end, true peace would be obtained. Until that point, pacifists must join in support of their country.
Contributions to Psychology After Death
The awareness of Marshall's contributions is reflective of the end of his life. His work has almost completely vanished from today's psychological systems. Theories on pain were debated years after Marshall's death, however his pleasure-pain theory on pain was completely forgotten. Benjamin (1984) views Marshall's legacy to psychology as his system and theories on aesthetics, which proved to be no legacy at all. Though the study of aesthetics is still popular today, it is primarily from an arts and philosophy perspective, with no attention paid to Marshall's work. Marshall is now known as the forgotten APA president.
Stout, Bain, Titchener, Angell, and Calkins took great interest in Marshall's theories, even incorporating it into their own theories on physiology. However, Marshall's refusal to accept the role of nerves in pain resulted in his views becoming outdated and irrelevant. New scientific discoveries pushed his ideas further into history. As these theorists continued in their careers, the influence of Marshall decreased to a point of vanishing.
Works
Pain, Pleasure, and Æsthetics (1894)
Æsthetic Principles (1895)
Instinct and Reason (1898)
The Relation of Aesthetics to Psychology and Philosophy (1905)
Human and Other Types of Consciousness (1905)
Consciousness (1909)
War and the Ideal of Peace (1915)
References
External links
1852 births
1927 deaths
American non-fiction writers
Columbia College (New York) alumni
Architects from New York City
Presidents of the American Psychological Association | [
"Henry Rutgers Marshall (22 July 1852 – 3 May 1927) was an American architect and psychologist.",
"In 1881, Marshall married Julia Robbins Gillman, who died prematurely in 1888.",
"He had one daughter with Gillman, who also predeceased him.",
"Marshall was largely a loner.",
"His lack of familial contact led him to focus greatly on his work in architecture and his other interests.",
"He died and was buried in Woodbury, Connecticut in 1927.",
"Early life\n\nHenry Rutgers Marshall was born on July 22 in 1852 in New York City to Henry Perry and Cornelia Marshall.",
"Related to the famous Rutgers family of New York City and New Jersey, Henry had a privileged upbringing.",
"He had a privileged childhood and attended the finest New York private schools as a child.",
"He then continued his education and Columbia College.",
"Marshall studied architecture as both an undergrad and graduate student.",
"He graduated from Columbia College with master's degree in architecture in 1876.",
"At this time in Marshall's life, psychology wasn't a concern to him.",
"He began practicing architecture, his lifelong career, two years after graduating in 1878.",
"His most famous designs include Rudyard Kipling's house Naulakha in Dummerston, VT, the Congregational Church in Colorado Springs, and the Old Buildings of Brearley School in New York.",
"He was most known for his designs of country houses.",
"Marshall's accomplishments in the world of architecture did not go unnoticed.",
"He was elected to be a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects, and was eventually given the honor of becoming president of the Institute's New York Chapter.",
"Henry was also active with the Art Commission for the City of New York, where he served as the executive secretary.",
"Contributions to psychology\n\nAside from his devoted career in architecture, Marshall became fascinated by psychology and philosophy, and began studying paths where the two subjects intersected.",
"Marshall pursued these subjects without any formal training in psychology or philosophy, whatsoever; rather, they were merely interests to him.",
"He developed a wide range of interests in topics including intelligence, sensation, consciousness, emotion, religion, instinct, synesthesia and dreams.",
"Marshall began writing about these topics but they largely went unnoticed until the publishing of his first book.",
"His first major appearance came with the publishing of his book Pain, Pleasure, and Aesthetics in 1894, known as his most famous and influential work.",
"In this book, Marshall rejected the structuralist ideals of physiological and anatomical evidence pointing to pleasure and pain sensations.",
"He further criticized the work of Goldsheider, who discovered pressure spots, cold spots, and heat spots on the surfaces of skin.",
"Marshall believed that Goldsheider was too quick to cite physiology for his findings.",
"In Pain, Pleasure, and Aesthetics, Marshall further went on to argue that beauty is a matter of the hedonic effect, characterized by pleasure.",
"He believed that no single characteristic was common among all beautiful things except for the ability to please.",
"William James, now known as one of the most influential American philosophers, praised Rutgers’ book endlessly.",
"James described the work as \"epoch-making\" and \"full of shrewd and original psychology.\"",
"James and many others believed that Marshall had made a great contribution to psychology in this book.",
"Soon after the publishing of this famous book, he wrote a series of lectures on aesthetics, which he delivered as an honorary lecturer at Columbia University, his alma mater.",
"Rutgers also lectured at Harvard University, the Nineteenth Century Club of New York City, the Contemporary Club of Philadelphia, and Yale Art School.",
"In 1904, he gave a principle address on aesthetics before the St. Louis International Congress of Arts and Sciences.",
"Marshall's views on aesthetics were a combination of sensational aspects, proposed by Lotze, emotional aspects, discussed by James and Mill, and intellectual factures, focused on by Kant and Ladd.",
"Henry combined all of these aspects into his own system that held pain and pleasure as the basis for all esthetic experiences and judgments.",
"He wrote on topics including the nature of emotion, desire, pleasure, pain, and evolution.",
"His published articles and books in addition to Pain, Pleasure, and Aesthetics are Aesthetic Principles, in 1895, Instinct and Reason, in 1898, The Relation of Aesthetics to Psychology and Philosophy, in 1905, Human and Other Types of Consciousness, in 1905, War and the Ideal of Peace, in 1915, Mind and Conduct, in 1919, and The Beautiful, in 1924.",
"Though Marshall never held an academic position in the field of psychology, he became a figure that many psychologists looked to.",
"He was influential of Alexander Bain, Mary Calkins, Josiah Royce, and Edward Titchener (Wright, 2010).",
"At the height of his fame in the field of psychology, he was elected the 16th president of the American Psychological Association in 1907.",
"Henry began sharing his opinions and concerns more heavily once he had a larger audience.",
"In 1909, Marshall wrote a paper in response to Titchener's book Lectures on the Elementary Psychology of Feeling and Attention.",
"Titchener and Marshall shared views in psychology, however disagreed about the nature of psychology and the importance of sensations.",
"In Marshall's paper, he argued against Titchener's idea that pains and pleasures are sensational.",
"Marshall believed that they are instead a mental quality.",
"He felt as though Titchener was far too focused on sensations and emotional states resulting from pain and pleasure.",
"While many admired Marshall, he was highly critical and argumentative about others’ views.",
"He repeatedly argued with psychologists who sough physiological explanations for psychological events, pegging these individuals as too dependent on natural sciences.",
"Marshall was also critical of behaviorists.",
"He claimed that behaviorists were truly confused in believing that behavior should have been the target of psychology.",
"Henry repeatedly chastised behaviorists claiming to be the only real psychologists.",
"Understandably, many individuals who viewed psychology from a physiological or behaviorist perspective grew to dislike him.",
"Marshall went on to attack functional psychology and claim that it wasn't a real branch of psychology.",
"Henry Rutgers Marshall was bold and firm in his opinions.",
"This led to him having many admirers but also many who disliked him greatly.",
"As time passed, his popularity decreased significantly.",
"American psychology was undergoing rapid changes.",
"In 1913, Marshall wrote an article \"Is Psychology Evaporating?\"",
"in which he angrily blamed other psychologists for losing sight of the purpose of psychology.",
"Many were tired of hearing Marshall's complaints and attacks.",
"His ideas were losing interest rapidly and he refused to change his conceptions of psychology.",
"Despite his great interests in theories on education and music, Marshall ignored any advancement on the subjects.",
"He published his last book, The Beautiful, in 1924.",
"This was a continuation on his initial book Pain, Pleasure, and Aesthetics and Aesthetic Principles, that had brought him so much fame 30 years before.",
"Many psychologists saw this book as a sad attempt by Henry to come back to fame.",
"D.W. Prall accused Marshall of having little understanding of the realities of aesthetics in The Beautiful.",
"He described it as unwelcome and an unfortunate ending to what began as a promising contribution to psychological theory.",
"In many ways, Marshall was the cause of his own demise in the world of psychology.",
"Henry continued to restrict psychology to his own specific views and argued with anyone who disagreed with him.",
"The world of psychology lost interest in him.",
"He death went unnoticed by the world of psychology, so much so that the American Psychological Association did not even publish an obituary for its past president.",
"Marshall's Views on War\n\nHenry's discussion on war fell during the First World War.",
"Rutgers absolutely hated war.",
"He was deeply fearful of a German victory.",
"When America finally entered war, he became extremely patriotic.",
"Amidst his fear and concerns of war, Marshall began writing on how a pacifist might fit into a world at war in his article The Pacifist at War, published in The Atlantic Monthly in May, 1918.",
"In this article, Marshall described war as the greatest of all evils.",
"He explained his confliction in being a patriotic pacifist.",
"Against his prior beliefs, Henry stated that pacifists needed to lay aside the thought of peace and instead devote all energies to anything that might yield victory.",
"Though it was against his original pacifistic beliefs, he encouraged other pacifists to make a sacrifice in going against their beliefs in an effort to take a step towards long-term peace.",
"Marshall believed that once this massive war came to an end, true peace would be obtained.",
"Until that point, pacifists must join in support of their country.",
"Contributions to Psychology After Death\n\nThe awareness of Marshall's contributions is reflective of the end of his life.",
"His work has almost completely vanished from today's psychological systems.",
"Theories on pain were debated years after Marshall's death, however his pleasure-pain theory on pain was completely forgotten.",
"Benjamin (1984) views Marshall's legacy to psychology as his system and theories on aesthetics, which proved to be no legacy at all.",
"Though the study of aesthetics is still popular today, it is primarily from an arts and philosophy perspective, with no attention paid to Marshall's work.",
"Marshall is now known as the forgotten APA president.",
"Stout, Bain, Titchener, Angell, and Calkins took great interest in Marshall's theories, even incorporating it into their own theories on physiology.",
"However, Marshall's refusal to accept the role of nerves in pain resulted in his views becoming outdated and irrelevant.",
"New scientific discoveries pushed his ideas further into history.",
"As these theorists continued in their careers, the influence of Marshall decreased to a point of vanishing.",
"Works\n Pain, Pleasure, and Æsthetics (1894)\n Æsthetic Principles (1895)\n Instinct and Reason (1898)\n The Relation of Aesthetics to Psychology and Philosophy (1905)\n Human and Other Types of Consciousness (1905)\n Consciousness (1909)\n War and the Ideal of Peace (1915)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n \n\n1852 births\n1927 deaths\nAmerican non-fiction writers\nColumbia College (New York) alumni\nArchitects from New York City\nPresidents of the American Psychological Association"
] | [
"Henry Rutgers Marshall was an American architect and psychologist.",
"Julia Robbins Gillman, Marshall's wife, died early.",
"He had a daughter with Gillman.",
"Marshall was a solitary person.",
"His lack of family contact made him focus on his work in architecture and other interests.",
"He was buried in Connecticut in 1927.",
"Henry Rutgers Marshall was born in New York City in the summer of 1854.",
"Henry was related to the famous Rutgers family of New York City and New Jersey.",
"He attended the best New York private schools as a child.",
"He continued his education at Columbia College.",
"Marshall was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217",
"He received a master's degree in architecture from Columbia College in 1876.",
"Marshall didn't care about psychology at this time in his life.",
"Two years after graduating, he began practicing architecture.",
"His designs include the Naulakha house in Dummerston, VT, the Old Buildings of Brearley School in New York, and the Congregational Church in Colorado Springs.",
"He designed country houses.",
"Marshall's accomplishments in the world of architecture did not go unrecognized.",
"He became president of the New York Chapter of the American Institute of Architects after being elected to be a Fellow.",
"Henry was the executive secretary of the Art Commission for the City of New York.",
"Marshall was fascinated by psychology and began studying paths where the two subjects intersect.",
"Marshall did not have any formal training in psychology or philosophy when he pursued these subjects.",
"Intelligence, sensation, consciousness, emotion, religion, instinct, synesthesia and dreams are some of the topics he developed a wide range of interests in.",
"Marshall published his first book after writing about these topics.",
"His most famous and influential work, Pain, Pleasure, and Aesthetics, was published in 1894.",
"Marshall rejected the idea of pleasure and pain in the book.",
"He criticized the work of Goldsheider, who discovered pressure spots, cold spots, and heat spots on the skin.",
"Marshall thought that Goldsheider was too quick to cite his findings.",
"Marshall argued in Pain, Pleasure, and Aesthetics that beauty is a matter of pleasure.",
"The ability to please was the only characteristic that was common among all beautiful things.",
"One of the most influential American philosophers is William James.",
"The work was described as \"epoch-making\" by James.",
"Many people believed that Marshall made a great contribution to psychology in this book.",
"After the publication of this book, he wrote a series of lectures on Aesthetics, which he lectured on at Columbia University, his alma mater.",
"Rutgers lectured at Harvard University, the Nineteenth Century Club of New York City, the Contemporary Club of Philadelphia, and the Yale Art School.",
"He gave an address on Aesthetics in 1904 at the St. Louis International Congress of Arts and Sciences.",
"Marshall's views on Aesthetics were a combination of sensational aspects, proposed by Lotze, emotional aspects, discussed by James and Mill, and intellectual factures.",
"Henry's system held pain and pleasure as the basis for all experiences and judgments.",
"He wrote about the nature of emotion, desire, pleasure, pain, and evolution.",
"His published works include Pain, Pleasure, and Aesthetics in 1895, Instinct and Reason in 1898, The Relation of Aesthetics to Psychology and Philosophy in 1905, and War and the Ideal of Peace in 1915.",
"Marshall became a figure that many psychologists looked to because he never held an academic position in psychology.",
"He influenced Alexander Bain, Mary Calkins, and Edward Titchener.",
"He was elected the 16th president of the American Psychological Association in 1907 at the height of his fame in the field of psychology.",
"Once he had a larger audience, Henry began sharing his opinions more heavily.",
"Marshall wrote a paper in response to Titchener's book.",
"Titchener and Marshall disagreed about the nature of psychology and the importance of sensations.",
"Marshall argued against Titchener's idea that pains and pleasures are sensational.",
"Marshall believed that they are a mental quality.",
"He felt that Titchener was too focused on sensations and emotional states resulting from pain and pleasure.",
"Marshall was highly critical of other people's views.",
"He argued with psychologists who didn't agree with his explanations for psychological events.",
"Marshall was critical of behaviorists.",
"He said that behaviorists were confused because they believed that behavior should have been the focus of psychology.",
"behaviorists claimed to be the only real psychologists.",
"Many people who viewed psychology from a behaviorist perspective disliked him.",
"Marshall claimed that functional psychology wasn't a real branch of psychology.",
"Marshall was firm in his opinions.",
"He had many admirers but also many who disliked him.",
"His popularity decreased as time went on.",
"American psychology was changing quickly.",
"Marshall wrote an article about psychology in 1913.",
"He blamed other psychologists for losing sight of the purpose of psychology.",
"People were tired of hearing Marshall's complaints.",
"He didn't change his conceptions of psychology because his ideas were losing interest.",
"Marshall ignored any advancement on the subjects despite his interest in theories on education and music.",
"His last book was published in 1924.",
"30 years before, his first book Pain, Pleasure, and Aesthetics and Aesthetic Principles had brought him so much fame.",
"Henry tried to come back to fame with this book.",
"Marshall was accused of having little understanding of the realities of Aesthetics in The Beautiful by D.W. Prall.",
"It was an unfortunate end to a promising contribution to psychological theory.",
"Marshall was the cause of his own demise in the world of psychology.",
"Henry argued with anyone who disagreed with him.",
"The world of psychology was not interested in him.",
"The American Psychological Association did not publish an obituary for its past president because he death went unrecognized by the world of psychology.",
"During the First World War, Marshall's Views on War fell.",
"Rutgers didn't like war.",
"He was worried about a German victory.",
"He became very patriotic when America entered war.",
"In May, 1918, Marshall wrote an article for The Atlantic Monthly about how a pacifist might fit into a world at war.",
"War was described as the greatest of all evils by Marshall.",
"He explained that he was a patriotic pacifist.",
"Henry stated that the thought of peace needed to be put aside and that the only thing that mattered was victory.",
"He encouraged other pacifists to make a sacrifice in order to take a step towards long-term peace, even though it was against his original beliefs.",
"Marshall believed that peace would be obtained once the war was over.",
"Affirmatives must support their country until that point.",
"The end of Marshall's life is reflected in the awareness of his contributions to psychology.",
"His work no longer exists in today's psychological systems.",
"After Marshall's death, his pleasure-pain theory on pain was completely forgotten.",
"Marshall's legacy to psychology is viewed by Benjamin as his system and theories on aesthetic.",
"Aesthetics is still popular, but it is mostly an arts and philosophy perspective, with no attention to Marshall's work.",
"The forgotten APA president is Marshall.",
"Bain, Titchener, Angell, and Calkins incorporated Marshall's theories into their own theories.",
"Marshall's views became irrelevant due to his refusal to accept the role of nerves in pain.",
"His ideas were pushed further into history by new scientific discoveries.",
"The influence of Marshall decreased as these theorists continued in their careers.",
"Works Pain, Pleasure, and sthetics (1894), Instinct and Reason (1898), The Relation of Aesthetics to Psychology and Philosophy (1905), Human and Other Types of Consciousness (1905), War and the Ideal of Peace (1915) are External links."
] | <mask> (22 July 1852 – 3 May 1927) was an American architect and psychologist. In 1881, <mask> married Julia Robbins Gillman, who died prematurely in 1888. He had one daughter with Gillman, who also predeceased him. <mask> was largely a loner. His lack of familial contact led him to focus greatly on his work in architecture and his other interests. He died and was buried in Woodbury, Connecticut in 1927. Early life
<mask> was born on July 22 in 1852 in New York City to <mask> and <mask>.Related to the famous Rutgers family of New York City and New Jersey, <mask> had a privileged upbringing. He had a privileged childhood and attended the finest New York private schools as a child. He then continued his education and Columbia College. <mask> studied architecture as both an undergrad and graduate student. He graduated from Columbia College with master's degree in architecture in 1876. At this time in <mask>'s life, psychology wasn't a concern to him. He began practicing architecture, his lifelong career, two years after graduating in 1878.His most famous designs include Rudyard Kipling's house Naulakha in Dummerston, VT, the Congregational Church in Colorado Springs, and the Old Buildings of Brearley School in New York. He was most known for his designs of country houses. <mask>'s accomplishments in the world of architecture did not go unnoticed. He was elected to be a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects, and was eventually given the honor of becoming president of the Institute's New York Chapter. <mask> was also active with the Art Commission for the City of New York, where he served as the executive secretary. Contributions to psychology
Aside from his devoted career in architecture, <mask> became fascinated by psychology and philosophy, and began studying paths where the two subjects intersected. <mask> pursued these subjects without any formal training in psychology or philosophy, whatsoever; rather, they were merely interests to him.He developed a wide range of interests in topics including intelligence, sensation, consciousness, emotion, religion, instinct, synesthesia and dreams. <mask> began writing about these topics but they largely went unnoticed until the publishing of his first book. His first major appearance came with the publishing of his book Pain, Pleasure, and Aesthetics in 1894, known as his most famous and influential work. In this book, <mask> rejected the structuralist ideals of physiological and anatomical evidence pointing to pleasure and pain sensations. He further criticized the work of Goldsheider, who discovered pressure spots, cold spots, and heat spots on the surfaces of skin. <mask> believed that Goldsheider was too quick to cite physiology for his findings. In Pain, Pleasure, and Aesthetics, <mask> further went on to argue that beauty is a matter of the hedonic effect, characterized by pleasure.He believed that no single characteristic was common among all beautiful things except for the ability to please. William James, now known as one of the most influential American philosophers, praised Rutgers’ book endlessly. James described the work as "epoch-making" and "full of shrewd and original psychology." James and many others believed that <mask> had made a great contribution to psychology in this book. Soon after the publishing of this famous book, he wrote a series of lectures on aesthetics, which he delivered as an honorary lecturer at Columbia University, his alma mater. Rutgers also lectured at Harvard University, the Nineteenth Century Club of New York City, the Contemporary Club of Philadelphia, and Yale Art School. In 1904, he gave a principle address on aesthetics before the St. Louis International Congress of Arts and Sciences.<mask>'s views on aesthetics were a combination of sensational aspects, proposed by Lotze, emotional aspects, discussed by James and Mill, and intellectual factures, focused on by Kant and Ladd. <mask> combined all of these aspects into his own system that held pain and pleasure as the basis for all esthetic experiences and judgments. He wrote on topics including the nature of emotion, desire, pleasure, pain, and evolution. His published articles and books in addition to Pain, Pleasure, and Aesthetics are Aesthetic Principles, in 1895, Instinct and Reason, in 1898, The Relation of Aesthetics to Psychology and Philosophy, in 1905, Human and Other Types of Consciousness, in 1905, War and the Ideal of Peace, in 1915, Mind and Conduct, in 1919, and The Beautiful, in 1924. Though <mask> never held an academic position in the field of psychology, he became a figure that many psychologists looked to. He was influential of Alexander Bain, Mary Calkins, Josiah Royce, and Edward Titchener (Wright, 2010). At the height of his fame in the field of psychology, he was elected the 16th president of the American Psychological Association in 1907.<mask> began sharing his opinions and concerns more heavily once he had a larger audience. In 1909, <mask> wrote a paper in response to Titchener's book Lectures on the Elementary Psychology of Feeling and Attention. Titchener and <mask> shared views in psychology, however disagreed about the nature of psychology and the importance of sensations. In <mask>'s paper, he argued against Titchener's idea that pains and pleasures are sensational. <mask> believed that they are instead a mental quality. He felt as though Titchener was far too focused on sensations and emotional states resulting from pain and pleasure. While many admired <mask>, he was highly critical and argumentative about others’ views.He repeatedly argued with psychologists who sough physiological explanations for psychological events, pegging these individuals as too dependent on natural sciences. <mask> was also critical of behaviorists. He claimed that behaviorists were truly confused in believing that behavior should have been the target of psychology. <mask> repeatedly chastised behaviorists claiming to be the only real psychologists. Understandably, many individuals who viewed psychology from a physiological or behaviorist perspective grew to dislike him. <mask> went on to attack functional psychology and claim that it wasn't a real branch of psychology. <mask> <mask> was bold and firm in his opinions.This led to him having many admirers but also many who disliked him greatly. As time passed, his popularity decreased significantly. American psychology was undergoing rapid changes. In 1913, <mask> wrote an article "Is Psychology Evaporating?" in which he angrily blamed other psychologists for losing sight of the purpose of psychology. Many were tired of hearing <mask>'s complaints and attacks. His ideas were losing interest rapidly and he refused to change his conceptions of psychology.Despite his great interests in theories on education and music, <mask> ignored any advancement on the subjects. He published his last book, The Beautiful, in 1924. This was a continuation on his initial book Pain, Pleasure, and Aesthetics and Aesthetic Principles, that had brought him so much fame 30 years before. Many psychologists saw this book as a sad attempt by <mask> to come back to fame. D.W. Prall accused <mask> of having little understanding of the realities of aesthetics in The Beautiful. He described it as unwelcome and an unfortunate ending to what began as a promising contribution to psychological theory. In many ways, <mask> was the cause of his own demise in the world of psychology.<mask> continued to restrict psychology to his own specific views and argued with anyone who disagreed with him. The world of psychology lost interest in him. He death went unnoticed by the world of psychology, so much so that the American Psychological Association did not even publish an obituary for its past president. <mask>'s Views on War
<mask>'s discussion on war fell during the First World War. Rutgers absolutely hated war. He was deeply fearful of a German victory. When America finally entered war, he became extremely patriotic.Amidst his fear and concerns of war, <mask> began writing on how a pacifist might fit into a world at war in his article The Pacifist at War, published in The Atlantic Monthly in May, 1918. In this article, <mask> described war as the greatest of all evils. He explained his confliction in being a patriotic pacifist. Against his prior beliefs, <mask> stated that pacifists needed to lay aside the thought of peace and instead devote all energies to anything that might yield victory. Though it was against his original pacifistic beliefs, he encouraged other pacifists to make a sacrifice in going against their beliefs in an effort to take a step towards long-term peace. <mask> believed that once this massive war came to an end, true peace would be obtained. Until that point, pacifists must join in support of their country.Contributions to Psychology After Death
The awareness of <mask>'s contributions is reflective of the end of his life. His work has almost completely vanished from today's psychological systems. Theories on pain were debated years after <mask>'s death, however his pleasure-pain theory on pain was completely forgotten. Benjamin (1984) views <mask>'s legacy to psychology as his system and theories on aesthetics, which proved to be no legacy at all. Though the study of aesthetics is still popular today, it is primarily from an arts and philosophy perspective, with no attention paid to <mask>'s work. <mask> is now known as the forgotten APA president. Stout, Bain, Titchener, Angell, and Calkins took great interest in <mask>'s theories, even incorporating it into their own theories on physiology.However, <mask>'s refusal to accept the role of nerves in pain resulted in his views becoming outdated and irrelevant. New scientific discoveries pushed his ideas further into history. As these theorists continued in their careers, the influence of <mask> decreased to a point of vanishing. Works
Pain, Pleasure, and Æsthetics (1894)
Æsthetic Principles (1895)
Instinct and Reason (1898)
The Relation of Aesthetics to Psychology and Philosophy (1905)
Human and Other Types of Consciousness (1905)
Consciousness (1909)
War and the Ideal of Peace (1915)
References
External links
1852 births
1927 deaths
American non-fiction writers
Columbia College (New York) alumni
Architects from New York City
Presidents of the American Psychological Association | [
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] | <mask> was an American architect and psychologist. Julia Robbins Gillman, <mask>'s wife, died early. He had a daughter with Gillman. <mask> was a solitary person. His lack of family contact made him focus on his work in architecture and other interests. He was buried in Connecticut in 1927. <mask> was born in New York City in the summer of 1854.<mask> was related to the famous <mask> family of New York City and New Jersey. He attended the best New York private schools as a child. He continued his education at Columbia College. <mask> was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He received a master's degree in architecture from Columbia College in 1876. <mask> didn't care about psychology at this time in his life. Two years after graduating, he began practicing architecture.His designs include the Naulakha house in Dummerston, VT, the Old Buildings of Brearley School in New York, and the Congregational Church in Colorado Springs. He designed country houses. <mask>'s accomplishments in the world of architecture did not go unrecognized. He became president of the New York Chapter of the American Institute of Architects after being elected to be a Fellow. <mask> was the executive secretary of the Art Commission for the City of New York. <mask> was fascinated by psychology and began studying paths where the two subjects intersect. <mask> did not have any formal training in psychology or philosophy when he pursued these subjects.Intelligence, sensation, consciousness, emotion, religion, instinct, synesthesia and dreams are some of the topics he developed a wide range of interests in. <mask> published his first book after writing about these topics. His most famous and influential work, Pain, Pleasure, and Aesthetics, was published in 1894. <mask> rejected the idea of pleasure and pain in the book. He criticized the work of Goldsheider, who discovered pressure spots, cold spots, and heat spots on the skin. <mask> thought that Goldsheider was too quick to cite his findings. <mask> argued in Pain, Pleasure, and Aesthetics that beauty is a matter of pleasure.The ability to please was the only characteristic that was common among all beautiful things. One of the most influential American philosophers is William James. The work was described as "epoch-making" by James. Many people believed that <mask> made a great contribution to psychology in this book. After the publication of this book, he wrote a series of lectures on Aesthetics, which he lectured on at Columbia University, his alma mater. <mask> lectured at Harvard University, the Nineteenth Century Club of New York City, the Contemporary Club of Philadelphia, and the Yale Art School. He gave an address on Aesthetics in 1904 at the St. Louis International Congress of Arts and Sciences.<mask>'s views on Aesthetics were a combination of sensational aspects, proposed by Lotze, emotional aspects, discussed by James and Mill, and intellectual factures. <mask>'s system held pain and pleasure as the basis for all experiences and judgments. He wrote about the nature of emotion, desire, pleasure, pain, and evolution. His published works include Pain, Pleasure, and Aesthetics in 1895, Instinct and Reason in 1898, The Relation of Aesthetics to Psychology and Philosophy in 1905, and War and the Ideal of Peace in 1915. <mask> became a figure that many psychologists looked to because he never held an academic position in psychology. He influenced Alexander Bain, Mary Calkins, and Edward Titchener. He was elected the 16th president of the American Psychological Association in 1907 at the height of his fame in the field of psychology.Once he had a larger audience, <mask> began sharing his opinions more heavily. <mask> wrote a paper in response to Titchener's book. Titchener and <mask> disagreed about the nature of psychology and the importance of sensations. <mask> argued against Titchener's idea that pains and pleasures are sensational. <mask> believed that they are a mental quality. He felt that Titchener was too focused on sensations and emotional states resulting from pain and pleasure. <mask> was highly critical of other people's views.He argued with psychologists who didn't agree with his explanations for psychological events. <mask> was critical of behaviorists. He said that behaviorists were confused because they believed that behavior should have been the focus of psychology. behaviorists claimed to be the only real psychologists. Many people who viewed psychology from a behaviorist perspective disliked him. <mask> claimed that functional psychology wasn't a real branch of psychology. <mask> was firm in his opinions.He had many admirers but also many who disliked him. His popularity decreased as time went on. American psychology was changing quickly. <mask> wrote an article about psychology in 1913. He blamed other psychologists for losing sight of the purpose of psychology. People were tired of hearing <mask>'s complaints. He didn't change his conceptions of psychology because his ideas were losing interest.<mask> ignored any advancement on the subjects despite his interest in theories on education and music. His last book was published in 1924. 30 years before, his first book Pain, Pleasure, and Aesthetics and Aesthetic Principles had brought him so much fame. <mask> tried to come back to fame with this book. <mask> was accused of having little understanding of the realities of Aesthetics in The Beautiful by D.W. Prall. It was an unfortunate end to a promising contribution to psychological theory. <mask> was the cause of his own demise in the world of psychology.<mask> argued with anyone who disagreed with him. The world of psychology was not interested in him. The American Psychological Association did not publish an obituary for its past president because he death went unrecognized by the world of psychology. During the First World War, <mask>'s Views on War fell. Rutgers didn't like war. He was worried about a German victory. He became very patriotic when America entered war.In May, 1918, <mask> wrote an article for The Atlantic Monthly about how a pacifist might fit into a world at war. War was described as the greatest of all evils by <mask>. He explained that he was a patriotic pacifist. <mask> stated that the thought of peace needed to be put aside and that the only thing that mattered was victory. He encouraged other pacifists to make a sacrifice in order to take a step towards long-term peace, even though it was against his original beliefs. <mask> believed that peace would be obtained once the war was over. Affirmatives must support their country until that point.The end of <mask>'s life is reflected in the awareness of his contributions to psychology. His work no longer exists in today's psychological systems. After <mask>'s death, his pleasure-pain theory on pain was completely forgotten. <mask>'s legacy to psychology is viewed by Benjamin as his system and theories on aesthetic. Aesthetics is still popular, but it is mostly an arts and philosophy perspective, with no attention to <mask>'s work. The forgotten APA president is <mask>. Bain, Titchener, Angell, and Calkins incorporated <mask>'s theories into their own theories.<mask>'s views became irrelevant due to his refusal to accept the role of nerves in pain. His ideas were pushed further into history by new scientific discoveries. The influence of <mask> decreased as these theorists continued in their careers. Works Pain, Pleasure, and sthetics (1894), Instinct and Reason (1898), The Relation of Aesthetics to Psychology and Philosophy (1905), Human and Other Types of Consciousness (1905), War and the Ideal of Peace (1915) are External links. | [
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"Marshall",
"Marshall",
"Henry",
"Marshall",
"Marshall",
"Marshall",
"Henry",
"Marshall",
"Marshall",
"Marshall",
"Marshall",
"Marshall",
"Marshall",
"Marshall",
"Marshall",
"Marshall"
] |
18481245 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdalena%20Sol%C3%ADs | Magdalena Solís | Magdalena Solís (1947 – date of death unknown), known as The High Priestess of Blood, was a Mexican serial killer and cult leader responsible for orchestrating several murders which involved the drinking of the victims' blood. The murders were committed in Yerba Buena, San Luis Potosí, during the early 1960s.
Solís was convicted of two of the murders and sentenced to 50 years in prison; authorities ascribed eight murders to Solís and suspected she was involved in as many as 15. She is regarded as one of the few documented instances of a sexually-motivated female serial killer, showing organized, visionary, and hedonistic characteristics.
Psychiatric profile
Magdalena Solís came from a poor and most likely dysfunctional, family in Tamaulipas, where she was supposedly born in 1947. She is said to have began prostituting herself at an early age, a trade in which she worked in unison with her brother Eleazar, a pimp, before joining the Hernández Brothers' sect in 1963. After this, Solís developed a serious theological psychosis, causing her to experience major religiously-oriented delusions of grandeur, coupled with a myriad of sexual perversions expressed in consuming the blood of her victims, sadomasochistic tendencies, fetishistic practices and pedophilia.
The Hernández Brothers' sect
In late 1962 or early 1963, brothers and petty scammers Santos and Cayetano Hernández, devised a ploy to help them acquire wealth fast. They travelled to the isolated community of Yerba Buena, an impoverished and mostly illiterate village of about 50 inhabitants, to whom they proclaimed themselves as prophets and high priests of "the powerful and exiled Inca gods". They proclaimed that "the Inca gods, in exchange for worship and tributes, would grant them hidden treasures in the caves of the mountains surrounding the town (a place where they also performed their rites); and that they would soon come to claim authority over their ancient kingdom, and punish the non-believers."
Despite the brothers' ignorance of both Inca and pre-Hispanic mythology, which indicates that the Incas inhabited Peru and not Mexico, they managed to convince the inhabitants of Yerba Buena of their absurdities. The Hernándezes then founded a relatively large sect, demanding economic and sexual tributes from adult members (both male and female); ingesting drugs during orgies and even selling some of their subordinates into sexual slavery.
The cult was run without issues for some time, but at one point the believers began to grow skeptical when the "high priests" failed to have their promises fulfilled. To remedy this, the Hernándezes went to Monterrey in search of prostitutes who wanted in on the farce, eventually coming into contact with Magdalena and her brother, who agreed to participate. In a later ritual, Solís was presented as the reincarnation of the goddess Cōātlīcue through a flashy smoke screen trick, which convinced the sect's followers of her authenticity. Perhaps to the two brothers' detriment, Solís eventually came to believe that she truly was a reincarnated goddess, and took command of the entire cult.
Crimes
By the time Solís took control, two of her followers, fed up with the sexual abuse, expressed their desire to leave. Fearing the repercussions, other members informed Solís and the Hernández brothers of this, with the former decreeing that the "heretics" be sacrificed. In response, the two unfortunates were lynched by fellow members.
Blood ritual
After these first two murders, Solís' crimes gradually escalated in violence and brutality. As she was bored with simple orgies, she began to demand human sacrifices and devised a "blood ritual": the sacrificed (who was always a dissenting member) was brutally beaten, burned, cut and mutilated by all members of the cult, before being left to bleed to death. The blood was then deposited in a chalice mixed with chicken blood and narcotics (mostly marijuana or peyotes), from which Solís drank, before passing it along to the brothers and finally to other members. This supposedly gave them supernatural abilities, and at the end of the ritual, the victim's heart was ripped out.
Basing their beliefs of Aztec mythology, Solís and the Hernández brothers proclaimed that blood is the only food the gods can ingest, and that their goddess needed to drink it to preserve her eternal youth. The carnage lasted six continuous weeks, during which 4 people died and had their hearts extracted post-mortem.
Last victims
One night in May 1963, a 14-year-old local, Sebastián Guerrero, was wandering around the caves where the sect was performing their rites. Drawn by the lights and noises coming from one of the caves, he went to investigate; to his horror, he watched as the cult was in the process of killing yet another victim. Terrified, he ran for more than 25 kilometers to the town of Villa Gran, where the nearest police station was located. Exhausted and in a state of shock, Guerrero failed to give any other description than seeing a "group of murderers, seized by ecstasy, gathered to drink human blood".
His claims were met with ridicule by the officers, who took them as the delusions of a mentally-ill or drugged boy. On the following morning, one investigator, Luis Martínez, offered an escort home for Guerrero, as well as to check where he had seen the "vampires". After their departure, Martínez never returned to work.
Apprehension and conviction
Dismayed by the disappearance of both Guerrero and their colleague, the police started to take the case seriously, and contacted the army for assistance. On May 31, 1963, both police officers and soldiers conducted a joint crackdown in Yerba Buena, arresting Magdalena and Eleazar Solís at a farm in the town, where they were under the influence of marijuana. Santos Hernández would later be killed while resisting arrest, while his brother, Cayetano, had already been killed by a delusional cult member, Jesús Rubio, who later claimed that he had wanted to take a part of the high priest's body to protect himself. Many of the cult members, who had barricaded themselves inside the cave, were killed in shootouts as well.
In subsequent investigations, the dismembered corpses of Sebastián Guerrero and Luis Martínez were found near the farm where the Solís siblings were residing, with Martínez's heart having been removed. In later searches, investigators found the mutilated corpses of six more people while examining the caves. For these two killings, both Magdalena and Eleazar were sentenced to 50 years imprisonment. Their guilt couldn't be proven in the other murders, since the surviving cult members refused to testify against them. As for the rest of the cult members, taking into account mitigating factors such as their illiteracy and impoverished circumstances, each was given a 30-year prison term. Years later, some of the former members began giving interviews about the horrors they had experienced while in the sect.
In popular culture
A Belgian rock band named itself after Magdalena Solís.
See also
List of serial killers by country
Bibliography
References
1947 births
Crimes involving Satanism or the occult
Mexican female murderers
People from Tamaulipas
Mexican people convicted of murder
Mexican female serial killers
People convicted of murder by Mexico
Mexican rapists
Vampirism (crime)
Satanists
Living people | [
"Magdalena Solís (1947 – date of death unknown), known as The High Priestess of Blood, was a Mexican serial killer and cult leader responsible for orchestrating several murders which involved the drinking of the victims' blood.",
"The murders were committed in Yerba Buena, San Luis Potosí, during the early 1960s.",
"Solís was convicted of two of the murders and sentenced to 50 years in prison; authorities ascribed eight murders to Solís and suspected she was involved in as many as 15.",
"She is regarded as one of the few documented instances of a sexually-motivated female serial killer, showing organized, visionary, and hedonistic characteristics.",
"Psychiatric profile\nMagdalena Solís came from a poor and most likely dysfunctional, family in Tamaulipas, where she was supposedly born in 1947.",
"She is said to have began prostituting herself at an early age, a trade in which she worked in unison with her brother Eleazar, a pimp, before joining the Hernández Brothers' sect in 1963.",
"After this, Solís developed a serious theological psychosis, causing her to experience major religiously-oriented delusions of grandeur, coupled with a myriad of sexual perversions expressed in consuming the blood of her victims, sadomasochistic tendencies, fetishistic practices and pedophilia.",
"The Hernández Brothers' sect\nIn late 1962 or early 1963, brothers and petty scammers Santos and Cayetano Hernández, devised a ploy to help them acquire wealth fast.",
"They travelled to the isolated community of Yerba Buena, an impoverished and mostly illiterate village of about 50 inhabitants, to whom they proclaimed themselves as prophets and high priests of \"the powerful and exiled Inca gods\".",
"They proclaimed that \"the Inca gods, in exchange for worship and tributes, would grant them hidden treasures in the caves of the mountains surrounding the town (a place where they also performed their rites); and that they would soon come to claim authority over their ancient kingdom, and punish the non-believers.\"",
"Despite the brothers' ignorance of both Inca and pre-Hispanic mythology, which indicates that the Incas inhabited Peru and not Mexico, they managed to convince the inhabitants of Yerba Buena of their absurdities.",
"The Hernándezes then founded a relatively large sect, demanding economic and sexual tributes from adult members (both male and female); ingesting drugs during orgies and even selling some of their subordinates into sexual slavery.",
"The cult was run without issues for some time, but at one point the believers began to grow skeptical when the \"high priests\" failed to have their promises fulfilled.",
"To remedy this, the Hernándezes went to Monterrey in search of prostitutes who wanted in on the farce, eventually coming into contact with Magdalena and her brother, who agreed to participate.",
"In a later ritual, Solís was presented as the reincarnation of the goddess Cōātlīcue through a flashy smoke screen trick, which convinced the sect's followers of her authenticity.",
"Perhaps to the two brothers' detriment, Solís eventually came to believe that she truly was a reincarnated goddess, and took command of the entire cult.",
"Crimes\nBy the time Solís took control, two of her followers, fed up with the sexual abuse, expressed their desire to leave.",
"Fearing the repercussions, other members informed Solís and the Hernández brothers of this, with the former decreeing that the \"heretics\" be sacrificed.",
"In response, the two unfortunates were lynched by fellow members.",
"Blood ritual\nAfter these first two murders, Solís' crimes gradually escalated in violence and brutality.",
"As she was bored with simple orgies, she began to demand human sacrifices and devised a \"blood ritual\": the sacrificed (who was always a dissenting member) was brutally beaten, burned, cut and mutilated by all members of the cult, before being left to bleed to death.",
"The blood was then deposited in a chalice mixed with chicken blood and narcotics (mostly marijuana or peyotes), from which Solís drank, before passing it along to the brothers and finally to other members.",
"This supposedly gave them supernatural abilities, and at the end of the ritual, the victim's heart was ripped out.",
"Basing their beliefs of Aztec mythology, Solís and the Hernández brothers proclaimed that blood is the only food the gods can ingest, and that their goddess needed to drink it to preserve her eternal youth.",
"The carnage lasted six continuous weeks, during which 4 people died and had their hearts extracted post-mortem.",
"Last victims\nOne night in May 1963, a 14-year-old local, Sebastián Guerrero, was wandering around the caves where the sect was performing their rites.",
"Drawn by the lights and noises coming from one of the caves, he went to investigate; to his horror, he watched as the cult was in the process of killing yet another victim.",
"Terrified, he ran for more than 25 kilometers to the town of Villa Gran, where the nearest police station was located.",
"Exhausted and in a state of shock, Guerrero failed to give any other description than seeing a \"group of murderers, seized by ecstasy, gathered to drink human blood\".",
"His claims were met with ridicule by the officers, who took them as the delusions of a mentally-ill or drugged boy.",
"On the following morning, one investigator, Luis Martínez, offered an escort home for Guerrero, as well as to check where he had seen the \"vampires\".",
"After their departure, Martínez never returned to work.",
"Apprehension and conviction\nDismayed by the disappearance of both Guerrero and their colleague, the police started to take the case seriously, and contacted the army for assistance.",
"On May 31, 1963, both police officers and soldiers conducted a joint crackdown in Yerba Buena, arresting Magdalena and Eleazar Solís at a farm in the town, where they were under the influence of marijuana.",
"Santos Hernández would later be killed while resisting arrest, while his brother, Cayetano, had already been killed by a delusional cult member, Jesús Rubio, who later claimed that he had wanted to take a part of the high priest's body to protect himself.",
"Many of the cult members, who had barricaded themselves inside the cave, were killed in shootouts as well.",
"In subsequent investigations, the dismembered corpses of Sebastián Guerrero and Luis Martínez were found near the farm where the Solís siblings were residing, with Martínez's heart having been removed.",
"In later searches, investigators found the mutilated corpses of six more people while examining the caves.",
"For these two killings, both Magdalena and Eleazar were sentenced to 50 years imprisonment.",
"Their guilt couldn't be proven in the other murders, since the surviving cult members refused to testify against them.",
"As for the rest of the cult members, taking into account mitigating factors such as their illiteracy and impoverished circumstances, each was given a 30-year prison term.",
"Years later, some of the former members began giving interviews about the horrors they had experienced while in the sect.",
"In popular culture\n A Belgian rock band named itself after Magdalena Solís.",
"See also\nList of serial killers by country\n\nBibliography\n\nReferences\n\n1947 births\nCrimes involving Satanism or the occult\nMexican female murderers\nPeople from Tamaulipas\nMexican people convicted of murder\nMexican female serial killers\nPeople convicted of murder by Mexico\nMexican rapists\nVampirism (crime)\nSatanists\nLiving people"
] | [
"The High Priestess of Blood was a Mexican serial killer and cult leader responsible for orchestrating several murders which involved the drinking of the victims' blood.",
"The murders were committed in San Luis Potos.",
"Sols was sentenced to 50 years in prison for two of the murders and authorities suspected she was involved in as many as 15 murders.",
"She is considered to be one of the few documented instances of a sexually motivated female serial killer.",
"Magdalena Sols is said to have been born in 1947 in a family that was most likely a poor one.",
"She began prostituting herself at an early age, working with her brother Eleazar, a pimp, before joining the Hernndez Brothers' sect in 1963.",
"After this, Sols developed a serious theological psychosis, causing her to experience major religiously-oriented delusions of grandeur, along with a plethora of sexual perversions expressed in consuming the blood of her victims.",
"In the late 1960's and early 1960's, the Hernndez Brothers' sect devised a ploy to help them acquire wealth fast.",
"They traveled to an isolated community of about 50 people where they claimed to be high priests of the powerful and exiled Inca gods.",
"They claimed that the Inca gods would grant them hidden treasures in the caves of the mountains surrounding the town, and that they would soon come to claim authority over their ancient kingdom.",
"Despite being ignorant of pre-Hispanic mythology, the brothers were able to convince the inhabitants of Yerba Buena of their absurdities.",
"The Hernndezes founded a large sect that demanded economic and sexual tributes from adult members, as well as taking drugs during orgies and selling some of their subordinates into sexual slavery.",
"When the \"high priests\" failed to fulfill their promises, the believers began to grow skeptical.",
"In order to remedy this, the Hernndezes went to Monterrey in search of prostitutes who wanted in on the farce, eventually coming into contact with Magdalena and her brother, who agreed to participate.",
"In a later ritual, Sols was presented as the reincarnation of the goddess Ctlcue through a smoke screen trick, which convinced the sect's followers of her authenticity.",
"Sols came to believe that she was a reincarnated goddess and took control of the cult.",
"Two of her followers were fed up with the sexual abuse and wanted to leave when Sols took control.",
"The brothers of Sols were told that the \"heretics\" would be sacrificed.",
"The two unfortunates were lynched.",
"Sols' crimes began to escalate in violence and brutality after the first two murders.",
"As she was bored with simple orgies, she began to demand human sacrifice and devised a \"blood ritual\": the sacrificed were brutally beaten, burned, cut and mutilated by all members of the cult, before being left to bleed to death.",
"Sols drank the blood from the chalice and then passed it along to the brothers and other members.",
"At the end of the ritual, the victim's heart was ripped out.",
"Sols and the Hernndez brothers believed that blood was the only food the gods could eat and that their goddess needed to drink it to live.",
"Four people died and had their hearts removed after six weeks of carnage.",
"One night in May 1963, a 14-year-old local, Sebastin Guerrero, was wandering around the caves where the sect was performing their rituals.",
"The cult was in the process of killing another victim when he went to investigate, and he watched as the lights and noises came from one of the caves.",
"The nearest police station was located in the town of Villa Gran.",
"Exhausted and in a state of shock, he saw a group of murderers, seized by ecstasy, gathered to drink human blood.",
"The officers took his claims to be delusions of a mentally-ill or drugged boy.",
"Luis Martnez offered an escort home for Guerrero as well as to check out where he had seen the \"vampires\".",
"After they left, Martnez never came back to work.",
"Dismayed by the disappearance of the two men, the police contacted the army for assistance.",
"On May 31, 1963, police officers and soldiers raided a farm in the town and arrested two people who were under the influence of marijuana.",
"The brothers were killed by a delusional cult member who wanted to take a part of the high priest's body to protect himself.",
"Many of the cult members were killed in gunfights.",
"The dismembered corpses of the two men were found near the farm where the Sols siblings were living.",
"The bodies of six more people were found in the caves.",
"Both Eleazar and Magdalena were sentenced to 50 years in prison.",
"The surviving cult members refused to testify against them in the other murders.",
"The rest of the cult members were given 30-year prison terms because of their poor circumstances.",
"Some of the former members began giving interviews about their experiences in the sect.",
"A Belgian rock band named itself after a woman.",
"There are people who have been convicted of murder in Mexico, and there are people who have been convicted of murder in Mexico, and there are people who have been convicted of murder in Mexico, and there are people who have been convicted of murder in Mexico, and there are people who have been"
] | <mask> (1947 – date of death unknown), known as The High Priestess of Blood, was a Mexican serial killer and cult leader responsible for orchestrating several murders which involved the drinking of the victims' blood. The murders were committed in Yerba Buena, San Luis Potosí, during the early 1960s. <mask> was convicted of two of the murders and sentenced to 50 years in prison; authorities ascribed eight murders to Solís and suspected she was involved in as many as 15. She is regarded as one of the few documented instances of a sexually-motivated female serial killer, showing organized, visionary, and hedonistic characteristics. Psychiatric profile
<mask> came from a poor and most likely dysfunctional, family in Tamaulipas, where she was supposedly born in 1947. She is said to have began prostituting herself at an early age, a trade in which she worked in unison with her brother Eleazar, a pimp, before joining the Hernández Brothers' sect in 1963. After this, Solís developed a serious theological psychosis, causing her to experience major religiously-oriented delusions of grandeur, coupled with a myriad of sexual perversions expressed in consuming the blood of her victims, sadomasochistic tendencies, fetishistic practices and pedophilia.The Hernández Brothers' sect
In late 1962 or early 1963, brothers and petty scammers Santos and Cayetano Hernández, devised a ploy to help them acquire wealth fast. They travelled to the isolated community of Yerba Buena, an impoverished and mostly illiterate village of about 50 inhabitants, to whom they proclaimed themselves as prophets and high priests of "the powerful and exiled Inca gods". They proclaimed that "the Inca gods, in exchange for worship and tributes, would grant them hidden treasures in the caves of the mountains surrounding the town (a place where they also performed their rites); and that they would soon come to claim authority over their ancient kingdom, and punish the non-believers." Despite the brothers' ignorance of both Inca and pre-Hispanic mythology, which indicates that the Incas inhabited Peru and not Mexico, they managed to convince the inhabitants of Yerba Buena of their absurdities. The Hernándezes then founded a relatively large sect, demanding economic and sexual tributes from adult members (both male and female); ingesting drugs during orgies and even selling some of their subordinates into sexual slavery. The cult was run without issues for some time, but at one point the believers began to grow skeptical when the "high priests" failed to have their promises fulfilled. To remedy this, the Hernándezes went to Monterrey in search of prostitutes who wanted in on the farce, eventually coming into contact with <mask> and her brother, who agreed to participate.In a later ritual, <mask> was presented as the reincarnation of the goddess Cōātlīcue through a flashy smoke screen trick, which convinced the sect's followers of her authenticity. Perhaps to the two brothers' detriment, <mask> eventually came to believe that she truly was a reincarnated goddess, and took command of the entire cult. Crimes
By the time <mask> took control, two of her followers, fed up with the sexual abuse, expressed their desire to leave. Fearing the repercussions, other members informed <mask> and the Hernández brothers of this, with the former decreeing that the "heretics" be sacrificed. In response, the two unfortunates were lynched by fellow members. Blood ritual
After these first two murders, <mask>' crimes gradually escalated in violence and brutality. As she was bored with simple orgies, she began to demand human sacrifices and devised a "blood ritual": the sacrificed (who was always a dissenting member) was brutally beaten, burned, cut and mutilated by all members of the cult, before being left to bleed to death.The blood was then deposited in a chalice mixed with chicken blood and narcotics (mostly marijuana or peyotes), from which <mask> drank, before passing it along to the brothers and finally to other members. This supposedly gave them supernatural abilities, and at the end of the ritual, the victim's heart was ripped out. Basing their beliefs of Aztec mythology, <mask> and the Hernández brothers proclaimed that blood is the only food the gods can ingest, and that their goddess needed to drink it to preserve her eternal youth. The carnage lasted six continuous weeks, during which 4 people died and had their hearts extracted post-mortem. Last victims
One night in May 1963, a 14-year-old local, Sebastián Guerrero, was wandering around the caves where the sect was performing their rites. Drawn by the lights and noises coming from one of the caves, he went to investigate; to his horror, he watched as the cult was in the process of killing yet another victim. Terrified, he ran for more than 25 kilometers to the town of Villa Gran, where the nearest police station was located.Exhausted and in a state of shock, Guerrero failed to give any other description than seeing a "group of murderers, seized by ecstasy, gathered to drink human blood". His claims were met with ridicule by the officers, who took them as the delusions of a mentally-ill or drugged boy. On the following morning, one investigator, Luis Martínez, offered an escort home for Guerrero, as well as to check where he had seen the "vampires". After their departure, Martínez never returned to work. Apprehension and conviction
Dismayed by the disappearance of both Guerrero and their colleague, the police started to take the case seriously, and contacted the army for assistance. On May 31, 1963, both police officers and soldiers conducted a joint crackdown in Yerba Buena, arresting <mask> and Eleazar <mask> at a farm in the town, where they were under the influence of marijuana. Santos Hernández would later be killed while resisting arrest, while his brother, Cayetano, had already been killed by a delusional cult member, Jesús Rubio, who later claimed that he had wanted to take a part of the high priest's body to protect himself.Many of the cult members, who had barricaded themselves inside the cave, were killed in shootouts as well. In subsequent investigations, the dismembered corpses of Sebastián Guerrero and Luis Martínez were found near the farm where the <mask> siblings were residing, with Martínez's heart having been removed. In later searches, investigators found the mutilated corpses of six more people while examining the caves. For these two killings, both <mask> and Eleazar were sentenced to 50 years imprisonment. Their guilt couldn't be proven in the other murders, since the surviving cult members refused to testify against them. As for the rest of the cult members, taking into account mitigating factors such as their illiteracy and impoverished circumstances, each was given a 30-year prison term. Years later, some of the former members began giving interviews about the horrors they had experienced while in the sect.In popular culture
A Belgian rock band named itself after <mask>. See also
List of serial killers by country
Bibliography
References
1947 births
Crimes involving Satanism or the occult
Mexican female murderers
People from Tamaulipas
Mexican people convicted of murder
Mexican female serial killers
People convicted of murder by Mexico
Mexican rapists
Vampirism (crime)
Satanists
Living people | [
"Magdalena Solís",
"Solís",
"Magdalena Solís",
"Magdalena",
"Solís",
"Solís",
"Solís",
"Solís",
"Solís",
"Solís",
"Solís",
"Magdalena",
"Solís",
"Solís",
"Magdalena",
"Magdalena Solís"
] | The High Priestess of Blood was a Mexican serial killer and cult leader responsible for orchestrating several murders which involved the drinking of the victims' blood. The murders were committed in San Luis Potos. Sols was sentenced to 50 years in prison for two of the murders and authorities suspected she was involved in as many as 15 murders. She is considered to be one of the few documented instances of a sexually motivated female serial killer. <mask> is said to have been born in 1947 in a family that was most likely a poor one. She began prostituting herself at an early age, working with her brother Eleazar, a pimp, before joining the Hernndez Brothers' sect in 1963. After this, Sols developed a serious theological psychosis, causing her to experience major religiously-oriented delusions of grandeur, along with a plethora of sexual perversions expressed in consuming the blood of her victims.In the late 1960's and early 1960's, the Hernndez Brothers' sect devised a ploy to help them acquire wealth fast. They traveled to an isolated community of about 50 people where they claimed to be high priests of the powerful and exiled Inca gods. They claimed that the Inca gods would grant them hidden treasures in the caves of the mountains surrounding the town, and that they would soon come to claim authority over their ancient kingdom. Despite being ignorant of pre-Hispanic mythology, the brothers were able to convince the inhabitants of Yerba Buena of their absurdities. The Hernndezes founded a large sect that demanded economic and sexual tributes from adult members, as well as taking drugs during orgies and selling some of their subordinates into sexual slavery. When the "high priests" failed to fulfill their promises, the believers began to grow skeptical. In order to remedy this, the Hernndezes went to Monterrey in search of prostitutes who wanted in on the farce, eventually coming into contact with <mask> and her brother, who agreed to participate.In a later ritual, Sols was presented as the reincarnation of the goddess Ctlcue through a smoke screen trick, which convinced the sect's followers of her authenticity. Sols came to believe that she was a reincarnated goddess and took control of the cult. Two of her followers were fed up with the sexual abuse and wanted to leave when Sols took control. The brothers of Sols were told that the "heretics" would be sacrificed. The two unfortunates were lynched. Sols' crimes began to escalate in violence and brutality after the first two murders. As she was bored with simple orgies, she began to demand human sacrifice and devised a "blood ritual": the sacrificed were brutally beaten, burned, cut and mutilated by all members of the cult, before being left to bleed to death.Sols drank the blood from the chalice and then passed it along to the brothers and other members. At the end of the ritual, the victim's heart was ripped out. Sols and the Hernndez brothers believed that blood was the only food the gods could eat and that their goddess needed to drink it to live. Four people died and had their hearts removed after six weeks of carnage. One night in May 1963, a 14-year-old local, Sebastin Guerrero, was wandering around the caves where the sect was performing their rituals. The cult was in the process of killing another victim when he went to investigate, and he watched as the lights and noises came from one of the caves. The nearest police station was located in the town of Villa Gran.Exhausted and in a state of shock, he saw a group of murderers, seized by ecstasy, gathered to drink human blood. The officers took his claims to be delusions of a mentally-ill or drugged boy. Luis Martnez offered an escort home for Guerrero as well as to check out where he had seen the "vampires". After they left, Martnez never came back to work. Dismayed by the disappearance of the two men, the police contacted the army for assistance. On May 31, 1963, police officers and soldiers raided a farm in the town and arrested two people who were under the influence of marijuana. The brothers were killed by a delusional cult member who wanted to take a part of the high priest's body to protect himself.Many of the cult members were killed in gunfights. The dismembered corpses of the two men were found near the farm where the Sols siblings were living. The bodies of six more people were found in the caves. Both Eleazar and <mask> were sentenced to 50 years in prison. The surviving cult members refused to testify against them in the other murders. The rest of the cult members were given 30-year prison terms because of their poor circumstances. Some of the former members began giving interviews about their experiences in the sect.A Belgian rock band named itself after a woman. There are people who have been convicted of murder in Mexico, and there are people who have been convicted of murder in Mexico, and there are people who have been convicted of murder in Mexico, and there are people who have been convicted of murder in Mexico, and there are people who have been | [
"Magdalena Sols",
"Magdalena",
"Magdalena"
] |
517517 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvon%20Durelle | Yvon Durelle | Yvon Durelle (October 14, 1929 – January 6, 2007), was an Acadian Canadian champion boxer.
Early life
From a family of fourteen children, Yvon Durelle grew up in Baie-Ste-Anne, a small Acadian fishing village on Miramichi Bay on the Atlantic coast. Like many others of his generation, he left school at an early age to work on a fishing boat. In his spare time, Durelle liked to box and while still working in the fishery, he began prize fighting on weekends.
Career
Billed as The Fighting Fisherman, Durelle began his professional career in 1948, boxing at various venues around the province of New Brunswick. By August 1950, Yvon showed only one defeat in twenty three starts, the lone blemish a loss by disqualification, to Billy Snowball. Over time he was gaining a reputation as a tough opponent with a hard punch. A large fan following in Chatham, one in Newcastle and as well in Fredericton resulted in a groundswell of popularity as his victories eventually made him one of the top ranked middleweight fighters in Canada.
Championship years
In May 1953, Durelle won the Canadian middleweight championship. He defended his title, winning 8 straight bouts. He moved up in weight class to fight in the light heavyweight division.
Light Heavyweight
In his first fight against a heavier and stronger opponent, he defeated the Canadian champion to take the light-heavyweight title. The following year, he fought outside his native Canada for the first time, going to Brooklyn, New York to fight Floyd Patterson, an up-and-coming American Golden Gloves champion. Outpointed in 8 rounds by the man who soon became the heavyweight champion of the world, Durelle's strong performance in a losing cause against Patterson gained him wide respect in the international boxing world.
In New York City in March 1957, Durelle broke into the top ten world rankings with a 10-round decision over Angelo Defendis. In May he won the British Empire light-heavyweight championship and the following month fought the top-ranked contender in the world, Tony Anthony. In a fight most experts say he won handily, Durelle was given only a draw against the heavily favored Anthony but it elevated him to the number 3 ranking in the world. He became a much talked about sports personality in his native country after he beat the German champion, Willi Besmanoff. In 1958, he defeated Clarence Hinnant, regarded by many as one of the best all around boxers of the time. The victory provided Durelle with the opportunity for his first chance to fight for a world title.
Light Heavyweight Title Fight
Yvon Durelle's light-heavyweight championship fight against the great Archie Moore on December 10, 1958 at the Forum in Montreal, Quebec, is one of the most memorable fights in boxing history. Listed as a 4-to-1 underdog, the bout made Yvon Durelle a legend in Canada, gaining him near cult status for his performance. In one of the first fights broadcast coast-to-coast on American television, Durelle stunned boxing patrons by knocking the champion down 3 times in the first round. Under boxing rules today (except those of the World Boxing Council), the fight would have been stopped after three knockdowns in one round and Yvon Durelle would have been world champion. Also, he missed an opportunity when, after the first knockdown, he stood over Moore watching for several seconds before returning to his corner. As a result of his delay, the referee had to wait to begin the count, and Moore made it to his feet at the count of nine. Durelle would have likely won if he went to his corner. Durelle swarmed all over the champion for four more rounds and knocked him to the canvas again in round five but Moore held on and eventually wore Durelle down to retain his world championship with an eleventh-round knockout. The fight was the talk of the boxing world and members of the Canadian press voted it the sporting event of the year. In an interview in 1994, Archie Moore, upon recounting the fight still hailed as classic, had this to say: "As the fight wore on and I got stronger, I thought to myself that this fella was the toughest man I'd ever fought. I turned professional in 1936 and fought until 1965--229 bouts. And I still think Durelle was the toughest man I ever faced."
From Boxing to Wrestling and back
Six months later, in June 1959, at Durelle's home village of Baie-Ste-Anne, thirty-five fishermen died when they were swept out to sea by 40-foot tidal waves that pounded the wharf. Distraught at the loss of friends and relatives, in August he lost in a world title fight rematch with Archie Moore by a third-round knockout. In November of that year he lost in 12 rounds to the Canadian heavyweight champion, George Chuvalo. Durelle fought only a few more times, before taking up professional wrestling in 1961. He returned to boxing in 1963 winning twice more before retiring permanently. He continued to earn a living at wrestling, primarily in eastern Canada but on occasion with Stu Hart's Stampede Wrestling, in Calgary, Alberta.
Later life and death
Despite his size and brutal profession, Durelle is often referred to as a modest and gentle man (his nickname was "doux", meaning "soft"). However, in the 1970s an event profoundly impacted him and his family when, in a bar that he owned and operated, he shot and killed a man who had attacked him. Charged with murder, he was defended by a young lawyer by the name of Frank McKenna and was acquitted on the grounds of self-defence. The trial received massive and sustained publicity and McKenna eventually went into politics and was elected premier of the province of New Brunswick.
Retired in his native village, a small museum with souvenirs of his twenty-year boxing career was built attached to his home where he and his wife of more than fifty years greeted fans who still showed up to see the New Brunswick boxer. In an article for ESPN.com about the most memorable matches in boxing history, current-day referee Mills Lane said: "I don't think you'll ever see a fight like Durelle-Moore again...That fight transcended what great fights are."
Durelle incurred a stroke on December 25, 2006, and died at age 77 on January 6, 2007, at the Moncton Hospital in Moncton, New Brunswick. He also had Parkinson's disease prior to this. His funeral was held on January 11, 2007, from Ste-Anne Roman Catholic Church in Baie-Ste-Anne, New Brunswick.
Professional boxing record
|-
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="8"|87 Wins (48 Knockouts), 24 Losses (9 Knockouts), 2 Draws, 1 No Contest
|- style="text-align:center; background:#e3e3e3;"
| style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Result
| style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Record
| style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Opponent
| style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Type
| style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Round
| style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Date
| style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Location
| style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Notes
|- align=center
|Loss
|87-24-2
|align=left| Jean-Claude Roy
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|87-23-2
|align=left| Phonse LaSaga
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|86-23-2
|align=left| Cecil Gray
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Loss
|85-23-2
|align=left| Paul Wright
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|85-22-2
|align=left| John Armstrong
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|84-22-2
|align=left| Ray Batey
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|83-22-2
|align=left| Emile Dupre
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Loss
|82-22-2
|align=left| George Chuvalo
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|82-21-2
|align=left| Young Beau Jack
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|81-21-2
|align=left| Charlie Jones
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|80-21-2
|align=left| Al Anderson
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Loss
|79-21-2
|align=left| Archie Moore
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|79-20-2
|align=left| Teddy Burns
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Loss
|78-20-2
|align=left| Archie Moore
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|78-19-2
|align=left| Louis Jones
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|77-19-2
|align=left| Freddie Mack
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|76-19-2
|align=left| Mike Holt
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|75-19-2
|align=left| Germinal Ballarin
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Loss
|74-19-2
|align=left| Tony E. Anthony
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|74-18-2
|align=left| Clarence Hinnant
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|73-18-2
|align=left| Jerry Luedee
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|72-18-2
|align=left| Mario Nini
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|71-18-2
|align=left| Floyd McCoy
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|70-18-2
|align=left| Willi Besmanoff
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|69-18-2
|align=left| Tim Jones
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|68-18-2
|align=left| Guenter Balzer
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|style="background:#abcdef;"|Draw
|67-18-2
|align=left| Tony E. Anthony
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|67-18-1
|align=left| Gordon Wallace
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|66-18-1
|align=left| Leo Johnson
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|65-18-1
|align=left| Angelo DeFendis
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|64-18-1
|align=left| Clarence Floyd
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Loss
|63-18-1
|align=left| Clarence Hinnant
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|63-17-1
|align=left| Bobby L. King
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|62-17-1
|align=left| Chubby Wright
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|61-17-1
|align=left| Gary Garafola
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|60-17-1
|align=left| Wilfred Picot
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|59-17-1
|align=left| Alvin Williams
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|58-17-1
|align=left| Wilfred Picot
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Loss
|57-17-1
|align=left| Arthur Howard
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|57-16-1
|align=left| Jerome Richardson
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Loss
|56-16-1
|align=left| Artie Towne
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Loss
|56-15-1
|align=left| Yolande Pompey
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Loss
|56-14-1
|align=left| Jimmy Slade
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|56-13-1
|align=left| Billy Fifield
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Loss
|55-13-1
|align=left| Floyd Patterson
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|55-12-1
|align=left| Jimmy J. Garcia
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Loss
|54-12-1
|align=left| Ron Barton
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Loss
|54-11-1
|align=left| Art Henri
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Loss
|54-10-1
|align=left| Gerhard Hecht
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|54-9-1
|align=left| Gordon Wallace
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|53-9-1
|align=left| Bob Isler
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Loss
|52-9-1
|align=left| Paul Andrews
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|52-8-1
|align=left| Doug Harper
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|51-8-1
|align=left| Jerome Richardson
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|50-8-1
|align=left| Sampson Powell
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|49-8-1
|align=left| Charley E. Chase
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|48-8-1
|align=left| Billy Fifield
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Loss
|47-8-1
|align=left| Waddell Hanna
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Loss
|47-7-1
|align=left| Floyd Patterson
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|style="background:#abcdef;"|Draw
|47-6-1
|align=left| Doug Harper
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Loss
|47-6
|align=left| Doug Harper
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|47-5
|align=left| Gordon Wallace
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|46-5
|align=left| Al Winn
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|45-5
|align=left| Melvin Wade
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|44-5
|align=left| Gordon Wallace
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|43-5
|align=left| Wilfredo Miro
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|42-5
|align=left| Curtis Wade
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|41-5
|align=left| Archie Hannigan
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|40-5
|align=left| Joey Greco
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|39-5
|align=left| Curtis Wade
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|38-5
|align=left| Harry Poulton
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|37-5
|align=left| Tony Amato
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|36-5
|align=left| George Ross
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|35-5
|align=left| Jimmy Nolan
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|34-5
|align=left| Hurley Sanders
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Loss
|33-5
|align=left| Hurley Sanders
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|33-4
|align=left| Eddie Zastre
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|32-4
|align=left| Cobey McCluskey
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|31-4
|align=left| Arnold Fleiger
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|style="background:#dae2f1;"|NC
|31-4
|align=left| Cobey McCluskey
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|30-4
|align=left| Bob Stecher
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|29-4
|align=left| Tiger Warrington
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|28-4
|align=left| Alvin Upshaw
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Loss
|27-4
|align=left| Cobey McCluskey
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|27-3
|align=left| Al Couture
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|26-3
|align=left| Ossie Farrell
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Loss
|25-3
|align=left| Cobey McCluskey
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|25-2
|align=left| Tiger Warrington
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|24-2
|align=left| Coot O'Rea
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|23-2
|align=left| Alvin Upshaw
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Loss
|22-2
|align=left| Roy Wouters
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|22-1
|align=left| Eddie Hamilton
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|21-1
|align=left| Bob Stecher
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|20-1
|align=left| Ossie Farrell
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|19-1
|align=left| Bernard McCluskey
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|18-1
|align=left| Pat Davis
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|17-1
|align=left| Bill McLaughlin
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|16-1
|align=left| Kid Wolfe
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|15-1
|align=left| Billy Landry
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|14-1
|align=left| Cobey McCluskey
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|13-1
|align=left| Jimmy Mooney
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|12-1
|align=left| Cobey McCluskey
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|11-1
|align=left| Joe Tyne
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|10-1
|align=left| Manuel Leek
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|9-1
|align=left| Harry Poulton
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|8-1
|align=left| Harry Poulton
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|7-1
|align=left| Crosley Irvine
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|6-1
|align=left| Al Batten
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Loss
|5-1
|align=left| Billy Snowball
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|5-0
|align=left| Al Batten
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|4-0
|align=left| Percy R. Richardson
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|3-0
|align=left| Al Fraser
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|2-0
|align=left| Al Fraser
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|1-0
|align=left| Sonny Ramsay
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|}
Related works
Yvon Durelle's biography, The Fighting Fisherman: The Life of Yvon Durelle by author Raymond Fraser (Doubleday, ), published in 1981, republished in 2005.
In 2003, Ginette Pellerin of the National Film Board of Canada made a French film documentary on his life called Durelle.
Awards and recognition
Inducted into the New Brunswick Sports Hall of Fame in 1971
Inducted into the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame in 1975
Inducted into the Canadian Boxing Hall of Fame in 1989
References
Fraser, Raymond. The Fighting Fisherman : The Life of Yvon Durelle Doubleday & Company (1981 – rereleased 2005)
External links
Obituary for Yvon Durelle from Bell's Funeral Home in Miramichi, New Brunswick, Canada
Website for Yvon Durelle
1929 births
2007 deaths
Acadian people
Canadian male professional wrestlers
Light-heavyweight boxers
Professional wrestlers from New Brunswick
Sportspeople from New Brunswick
New Brunswick Sports Hall of Fame inductees
People from Northumberland County, New Brunswick
Canadian male boxers
Stampede Wrestling alumni | [
"Yvon Durelle (October 14, 1929 – January 6, 2007), was an Acadian Canadian champion boxer.",
"Early life\nFrom a family of fourteen children, Yvon Durelle grew up in Baie-Ste-Anne, a small Acadian fishing village on Miramichi Bay on the Atlantic coast.",
"Like many others of his generation, he left school at an early age to work on a fishing boat.",
"In his spare time, Durelle liked to box and while still working in the fishery, he began prize fighting on weekends.",
"Career \nBilled as The Fighting Fisherman, Durelle began his professional career in 1948, boxing at various venues around the province of New Brunswick.",
"By August 1950, Yvon showed only one defeat in twenty three starts, the lone blemish a loss by disqualification, to Billy Snowball.",
"Over time he was gaining a reputation as a tough opponent with a hard punch.",
"A large fan following in Chatham, one in Newcastle and as well in Fredericton resulted in a groundswell of popularity as his victories eventually made him one of the top ranked middleweight fighters in Canada.",
"Championship years\nIn May 1953, Durelle won the Canadian middleweight championship.",
"He defended his title, winning 8 straight bouts.",
"He moved up in weight class to fight in the light heavyweight division.",
"Light Heavyweight \nIn his first fight against a heavier and stronger opponent, he defeated the Canadian champion to take the light-heavyweight title.",
"The following year, he fought outside his native Canada for the first time, going to Brooklyn, New York to fight Floyd Patterson, an up-and-coming American Golden Gloves champion.",
"Outpointed in 8 rounds by the man who soon became the heavyweight champion of the world, Durelle's strong performance in a losing cause against Patterson gained him wide respect in the international boxing world.",
"In New York City in March 1957, Durelle broke into the top ten world rankings with a 10-round decision over Angelo Defendis.",
"In May he won the British Empire light-heavyweight championship and the following month fought the top-ranked contender in the world, Tony Anthony.",
"In a fight most experts say he won handily, Durelle was given only a draw against the heavily favored Anthony but it elevated him to the number 3 ranking in the world.",
"He became a much talked about sports personality in his native country after he beat the German champion, Willi Besmanoff.",
"In 1958, he defeated Clarence Hinnant, regarded by many as one of the best all around boxers of the time.",
"The victory provided Durelle with the opportunity for his first chance to fight for a world title.",
"Light Heavyweight Title Fight \nYvon Durelle's light-heavyweight championship fight against the great Archie Moore on December 10, 1958 at the Forum in Montreal, Quebec, is one of the most memorable fights in boxing history.",
"Listed as a 4-to-1 underdog, the bout made Yvon Durelle a legend in Canada, gaining him near cult status for his performance.",
"In one of the first fights broadcast coast-to-coast on American television, Durelle stunned boxing patrons by knocking the champion down 3 times in the first round.",
"Under boxing rules today (except those of the World Boxing Council), the fight would have been stopped after three knockdowns in one round and Yvon Durelle would have been world champion.",
"Also, he missed an opportunity when, after the first knockdown, he stood over Moore watching for several seconds before returning to his corner.",
"As a result of his delay, the referee had to wait to begin the count, and Moore made it to his feet at the count of nine.",
"Durelle would have likely won if he went to his corner.",
"Durelle swarmed all over the champion for four more rounds and knocked him to the canvas again in round five but Moore held on and eventually wore Durelle down to retain his world championship with an eleventh-round knockout.",
"The fight was the talk of the boxing world and members of the Canadian press voted it the sporting event of the year.",
"In an interview in 1994, Archie Moore, upon recounting the fight still hailed as classic, had this to say: \"As the fight wore on and I got stronger, I thought to myself that this fella was the toughest man I'd ever fought.",
"I turned professional in 1936 and fought until 1965--229 bouts.",
"And I still think Durelle was the toughest man I ever faced.\"",
"From Boxing to Wrestling and back\nSix months later, in June 1959, at Durelle's home village of Baie-Ste-Anne, thirty-five fishermen died when they were swept out to sea by 40-foot tidal waves that pounded the wharf.",
"Distraught at the loss of friends and relatives, in August he lost in a world title fight rematch with Archie Moore by a third-round knockout.",
"In November of that year he lost in 12 rounds to the Canadian heavyweight champion, George Chuvalo.",
"Durelle fought only a few more times, before taking up professional wrestling in 1961.",
"He returned to boxing in 1963 winning twice more before retiring permanently.",
"He continued to earn a living at wrestling, primarily in eastern Canada but on occasion with Stu Hart's Stampede Wrestling, in Calgary, Alberta.",
"Later life and death\nDespite his size and brutal profession, Durelle is often referred to as a modest and gentle man (his nickname was \"doux\", meaning \"soft\").",
"However, in the 1970s an event profoundly impacted him and his family when, in a bar that he owned and operated, he shot and killed a man who had attacked him.",
"Charged with murder, he was defended by a young lawyer by the name of Frank McKenna and was acquitted on the grounds of self-defence.",
"The trial received massive and sustained publicity and McKenna eventually went into politics and was elected premier of the province of New Brunswick.",
"Retired in his native village, a small museum with souvenirs of his twenty-year boxing career was built attached to his home where he and his wife of more than fifty years greeted fans who still showed up to see the New Brunswick boxer.",
"In an article for ESPN.com about the most memorable matches in boxing history, current-day referee Mills Lane said: \"I don't think you'll ever see a fight like Durelle-Moore again...That fight transcended what great fights are.\"",
"Durelle incurred a stroke on December 25, 2006, and died at age 77 on January 6, 2007, at the Moncton Hospital in Moncton, New Brunswick.",
"He also had Parkinson's disease prior to this.",
"His funeral was held on January 11, 2007, from Ste-Anne Roman Catholic Church in Baie-Ste-Anne, New Brunswick.",
"In 2003, Ginette Pellerin of the National Film Board of Canada made a French film documentary on his life called Durelle.",
"Awards and recognition\nInducted into the New Brunswick Sports Hall of Fame in 1971\nInducted into the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame in 1975\nInducted into the Canadian Boxing Hall of Fame in 1989\n\nReferences\n\nFraser, Raymond.",
"The Fighting Fisherman : The Life of Yvon Durelle Doubleday & Company (1981 – rereleased 2005)\n\nExternal links\nObituary for Yvon Durelle from Bell's Funeral Home in Miramichi, New Brunswick, Canada\n\nWebsite for Yvon Durelle\n\n1929 births\n2007 deaths\nAcadian people\nCanadian male professional wrestlers\nLight-heavyweight boxers\nProfessional wrestlers from New Brunswick\nSportspeople from New Brunswick\nNew Brunswick Sports Hall of Fame inductees\nPeople from Northumberland County, New Brunswick\nCanadian male boxers\nStampede Wrestling alumni"
] | [
"Yvon Durelle was a champion boxer in Canada.",
"Yvon Durelle's family DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch",
"He left school at an early age to work on a fishing boat.",
"While still working in the fishery, Durelle began prize fighting on weekends because he liked to box.",
"Durelle began his professional boxing career as The Fighting Fisherman.",
"Yvon had one defeat in twenty three starts, the lone blemish being a loss to Billy Snowball.",
"He gained a reputation as a tough opponent with a hard punch.",
"His victories made him one of the top ranked fighters in Canada and his large fan following resulted in a groundswell of popularity.",
"Durelle won the Canadian title in May of 1953.",
"He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217",
"He moved up in weight class to fight.",
"He defeated the Canadian champion to take the light-heavyweight title.",
"He went to Brooklyn, New York to fight Floyd Patterson, an up-and-coming American Golden Gloves champion, for the first time.",
"Durelle's performance in a losing cause against Patterson gained him respect in the international boxing world, even though he was outpointed in 8 rounds.",
"Durelle broke into the top ten world rankings with a 10-round victory over Defendis.",
"He won the British Empire light-heavyweight title in May and a month later he fought Tony Anthony, the top-ranked contender in the world.",
"Most experts say Durelle won the fight by a wide margin and that's why he's the number 3 ranked fighter in the world.",
"He became a sports personality in his native country after beating Willi Besmanoff.",
"Clarence Hinnant was one of the best boxers of the time and he was defeated by him.",
"Durelle had the chance to fight for a world title after the victory.",
"The light-heavyweight title fight between Yvon Durelle and Archie Moore on December 10, 1958 at the Forum in Montreal, Quebec, is one of the most memorable fights in boxing history.",
"The bout made Yvon Durelle a legend in Canada and made him a cult hero.",
"Durelle knocked the champion down 3 times in the first round in one of the first fights broadcast coast-to-coast on American television.",
"Yvon Durelle would have been world champion if the fight had been stopped after three knockdowns in one round.",
"He missed an opportunity when he stood over Moore for several seconds before returning to his corner.",
"Moore made it to his feet at the count of nine because of the referee's delay.",
"If Durelle went to his corner, he would have won.",
"Moore was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217",
"The fight was the talk of the boxing world and members of the Canadian press voted it the sporting event of the year.",
"\"As the fight wore on and I got stronger, I thought to myself that this guy was the toughest man I'd ever fought,\" Archie Moore said in an interview in 1994.",
"I fought until 1965, when I turned professional.",
"Durelle was the toughest man I have ever faced.",
"In June 1959 at Durelle's home village of Baie-Ste-Anne, thirty-five fishermen died when they were swept out to sea by 40-foot tidal waves.",
"In August he lost a world title fight to Archie Moore by a third-round knockout.",
"He lost to the Canadian champ in 12 rounds.",
"Durelle took up professional wrestling in 1961.",
"He retired permanently after winning twice more in 1963.",
"He continued to earn a living at wrestling in eastern Canada, but also at times with Stu Hart's Stampede Wrestling.",
"Despite his size and brutal profession, Durelle is often referred to as a modest and gentle man.",
"In the 70s, an event profoundly impacted him and his family when he shot and killed a man who had attacked him in a bar he owned and operated.",
"He was charged with murder and was acquitted on the basis of self-defence.",
"The trial received a lot of publicity and eventually led to the election of a new premier.",
"A small museum with souvenirs of his twenty-year boxing career was built in his native village and attached to his home where he and his wife greeted fans who still showed up to see him.",
"Mills Lane, the current-day referee, said that the Durelle-Moore fight was the most memorable match in boxing history.",
"On December 25, 2006 Durelle had a stroke and died on January 6, 2007.",
"He had Parkinson's disease before this.",
"His funeral was held on January 11, 2007, in Baie-Ste-Anne.",
"The National Film Board of Canada made a film about the life of Durelle.",
"Inducted into the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame in 1975, and the Canadian Boxing Hall of Fame in 1989.",
"The Life of Yvon Durelle Doubleday & Company was rereleased in 2005."
] | <mask> (October 14, 1929 – January 6, 2007), was an Acadian Canadian champion boxer. Early life
From a family of fourteen children, <mask>e grew up in Baie-Ste-Anne, a small Acadian fishing village on Miramichi Bay on the Atlantic coast. Like many others of his generation, he left school at an early age to work on a fishing boat. In his spare time, Durelle liked to box and while still working in the fishery, he began prize fighting on weekends. Career
Billed as The Fighting Fisherman, Durelle began his professional career in 1948, boxing at various venues around the province of New Brunswick. By August 1950, <mask> showed only one defeat in twenty three starts, the lone blemish a loss by disqualification, to Billy Snowball. Over time he was gaining a reputation as a tough opponent with a hard punch.A large fan following in Chatham, one in Newcastle and as well in Fredericton resulted in a groundswell of popularity as his victories eventually made him one of the top ranked middleweight fighters in Canada. Championship years
In May 1953, Durelle won the Canadian middleweight championship. He defended his title, winning 8 straight bouts. He moved up in weight class to fight in the light heavyweight division. Light Heavyweight
In his first fight against a heavier and stronger opponent, he defeated the Canadian champion to take the light-heavyweight title. The following year, he fought outside his native Canada for the first time, going to Brooklyn, New York to fight Floyd Patterson, an up-and-coming American Golden Gloves champion. Outpointed in 8 rounds by the man who soon became the heavyweight champion of the world, Durelle's strong performance in a losing cause against Patterson gained him wide respect in the international boxing world.In New York City in March 1957, Durelle broke into the top ten world rankings with a 10-round decision over Angelo Defendis. In May he won the British Empire light-heavyweight championship and the following month fought the top-ranked contender in the world, Tony Anthony. In a fight most experts say he won handily, Durelle was given only a draw against the heavily favored Anthony but it elevated him to the number 3 ranking in the world. He became a much talked about sports personality in his native country after he beat the German champion, Willi Besmanoff. In 1958, he defeated Clarence Hinnant, regarded by many as one of the best all around boxers of the time. The victory provided Durelle with the opportunity for his first chance to fight for a world title. Light Heavyweight Title Fight
<mask> <mask>'s light-heavyweight championship fight against the great Archie Moore on December 10, 1958 at the Forum in Montreal, Quebec, is one of the most memorable fights in boxing history.Listed as a 4-to-1 underdog, the bout made <mask> Durelle a legend in Canada, gaining him near cult status for his performance. In one of the first fights broadcast coast-to-coast on American television, Durelle stunned boxing patrons by knocking the champion down 3 times in the first round. Under boxing rules today (except those of the World Boxing Council), the fight would have been stopped after three knockdowns in one round and <mask> Durelle would have been world champion. Also, he missed an opportunity when, after the first knockdown, he stood over Moore watching for several seconds before returning to his corner. As a result of his delay, the referee had to wait to begin the count, and Moore made it to his feet at the count of nine. Durelle would have likely won if he went to his corner. Durelle swarmed all over the champion for four more rounds and knocked him to the canvas again in round five but Moore held on and eventually wore Durelle down to retain his world championship with an eleventh-round knockout.The fight was the talk of the boxing world and members of the Canadian press voted it the sporting event of the year. In an interview in 1994, Archie Moore, upon recounting the fight still hailed as classic, had this to say: "As the fight wore on and I got stronger, I thought to myself that this fella was the toughest man I'd ever fought. I turned professional in 1936 and fought until 1965--229 bouts. And I still think Durelle was the toughest man I ever faced." From Boxing to Wrestling and back
Six months later, in June 1959, at Durelle's home village of Baie-Ste-Anne, thirty-five fishermen died when they were swept out to sea by 40-foot tidal waves that pounded the wharf. Distraught at the loss of friends and relatives, in August he lost in a world title fight rematch with Archie Moore by a third-round knockout. In November of that year he lost in 12 rounds to the Canadian heavyweight champion, George Chuvalo.Durelle fought only a few more times, before taking up professional wrestling in 1961. He returned to boxing in 1963 winning twice more before retiring permanently. He continued to earn a living at wrestling, primarily in eastern Canada but on occasion with Stu Hart's Stampede Wrestling, in Calgary, Alberta. Later life and death
Despite his size and brutal profession, Durelle is often referred to as a modest and gentle man (his nickname was "doux", meaning "soft"). However, in the 1970s an event profoundly impacted him and his family when, in a bar that he owned and operated, he shot and killed a man who had attacked him. Charged with murder, he was defended by a young lawyer by the name of Frank McKenna and was acquitted on the grounds of self-defence. The trial received massive and sustained publicity and McKenna eventually went into politics and was elected premier of the province of New Brunswick.Retired in his native village, a small museum with souvenirs of his twenty-year boxing career was built attached to his home where he and his wife of more than fifty years greeted fans who still showed up to see the New Brunswick boxer. In an article for ESPN.com about the most memorable matches in boxing history, current-day referee Mills Lane said: "I don't think you'll ever see a fight like <mask>-Moore again...That fight transcended what great fights are." Durelle incurred a stroke on December 25, 2006, and died at age 77 on January 6, 2007, at the Moncton Hospital in Moncton, New Brunswick. He also had Parkinson's disease prior to this. His funeral was held on January 11, 2007, from Ste-Anne Roman Catholic Church in Baie-Ste-Anne, New Brunswick. In 2003, Ginette Pellerin of the National Film Board of Canada made a French film documentary on his life called Durelle. Awards and recognition
Inducted into the New Brunswick Sports Hall of Fame in 1971
Inducted into the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame in 1975
Inducted into the Canadian Boxing Hall of Fame in 1989
References
Fraser, Raymond.The Fighting Fisherman : The Life of <mask> Durelle Doubleday & Company (1981 – rereleased 2005)
External links
Obituary for <mask> <mask> from Bell's Funeral Home in Miramichi, New Brunswick, Canada
Website for <mask> Durelle
1929 births
2007 deaths
Acadian people
Canadian male professional wrestlers
Light-heavyweight boxers
Professional wrestlers from New Brunswick
Sportspeople from New Brunswick
New Brunswick Sports Hall of Fame inductees
People from Northumberland County, New Brunswick
Canadian male boxers
Stampede Wrestling alumni | [
"Yvon Durelle",
"Yvon Durell",
"Yvon",
"Yvon",
"Durelle",
"Yvon",
"Yvon",
"Durelle",
"Yvon",
"Yvon",
"Durelle",
"Yvon"
] | <mask>e was a champion boxer in Canada. <mask>e's family DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch He left school at an early age to work on a fishing boat. While still working in the fishery, Durelle began prize fighting on weekends because he liked to box. Durelle began his professional boxing career as The Fighting Fisherman. <mask> had one defeat in twenty three starts, the lone blemish being a loss to Billy Snowball. He gained a reputation as a tough opponent with a hard punch.His victories made him one of the top ranked fighters in Canada and his large fan following resulted in a groundswell of popularity. Durelle won the Canadian title in May of 1953. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He moved up in weight class to fight. He defeated the Canadian champion to take the light-heavyweight title. He went to Brooklyn, New York to fight Floyd Patterson, an up-and-coming American Golden Gloves champion, for the first time. Durelle's performance in a losing cause against Patterson gained him respect in the international boxing world, even though he was outpointed in 8 rounds.Durelle broke into the top ten world rankings with a 10-round victory over Defendis. He won the British Empire light-heavyweight title in May and a month later he fought Tony Anthony, the top-ranked contender in the world. Most experts say Durelle won the fight by a wide margin and that's why he's the number 3 ranked fighter in the world. He became a sports personality in his native country after beating Willi Besmanoff. Clarence Hinnant was one of the best boxers of the time and he was defeated by him. Durelle had the chance to fight for a world title after the victory. The light-heavyweight title fight between <mask> <mask> and Archie Moore on December 10, 1958 at the Forum in Montreal, Quebec, is one of the most memorable fights in boxing history.The bout made <mask> Durelle a legend in Canada and made him a cult hero. Durelle knocked the champion down 3 times in the first round in one of the first fights broadcast coast-to-coast on American television. <mask> Durelle would have been world champion if the fight had been stopped after three knockdowns in one round. He missed an opportunity when he stood over Moore for several seconds before returning to his corner. Moore made it to his feet at the count of nine because of the referee's delay. If Durelle went to his corner, he would have won. Moore was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217The fight was the talk of the boxing world and members of the Canadian press voted it the sporting event of the year. "As the fight wore on and I got stronger, I thought to myself that this guy was the toughest man I'd ever fought," Archie Moore said in an interview in 1994. I fought until 1965, when I turned professional. Durelle was the toughest man I have ever faced. In June 1959 at Durelle's home village of Baie-Ste-Anne, thirty-five fishermen died when they were swept out to sea by 40-foot tidal waves. In August he lost a world title fight to Archie Moore by a third-round knockout. He lost to the Canadian champ in 12 rounds.Durelle took up professional wrestling in 1961. He retired permanently after winning twice more in 1963. He continued to earn a living at wrestling in eastern Canada, but also at times with Stu Hart's Stampede Wrestling. Despite his size and brutal profession, Durelle is often referred to as a modest and gentle man. In the 70s, an event profoundly impacted him and his family when he shot and killed a man who had attacked him in a bar he owned and operated. He was charged with murder and was acquitted on the basis of self-defence. The trial received a lot of publicity and eventually led to the election of a new premier.A small museum with souvenirs of his twenty-year boxing career was built in his native village and attached to his home where he and his wife greeted fans who still showed up to see him. Mills Lane, the current-day referee, said that the Durelle-Moore fight was the most memorable match in boxing history. On December 25, 2006 Durelle had a stroke and died on January 6, 2007. He had Parkinson's disease before this. His funeral was held on January 11, 2007, in Baie-Ste-Anne. The National Film Board of Canada made a film about the life of Durelle. Inducted into the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame in 1975, and the Canadian Boxing Hall of Fame in 1989.The Life of Yvon Durelle Doubleday & Company was rereleased in 2005. | [
"Yvon Durell",
"Yvon Durell",
"Yvon",
"Yvon",
"Durelle",
"Yvon",
"Yvon"
] |
22915624 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santos%20Escobar | Santos Escobar | Jorge Luis Alcantar Bolly (born April 30, 1984), is a Mexican second-generation luchador (professional wrestler). He is currently signed to WWE, where he performs on the NXT brand under the ring name Santos Escobar, as the leader of Legado Del Fantasma.
Before his WWE career, Alcantar worked as El Hijo del Fantasma for Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA) from 2013 to 2019. In AAA, he won the AAA Fusión Championship, the AAA Latin American Championship, the 2017 Copa Antonio Peña, and is the longest-reigning AAA World Cruiserweight Champion in history. He previously worked for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) from 2008 to 2013. In CMLL, he held the CMLL World Middleweight Championship, as well as the CMLL World Trios Championship twice (with Héctor Garza and La Máscara).
Alcantar has also worked under the ring name King Cuerno for the U.S.-based Lucha Underground promotion from 2014 to 2019. Through AAA's promotional partnerships, Alcantar also worked on several shows for Impact Wrestling, while under AAA contract. His father is luchador El Fantasma, who is the head of the Mexico City Boxing and Professional Wrestling commission. His cousin wrestles under the name "Fantasma Jr.", while his uncle worked under the name "Ángel de la Muerte".
Professional wrestling career
Alcantar began his professional wrestling career in 2000, as the masked ring character "Top Secret". While working under the Top Secret name he wore a black mask with gold trim around the eye openings. In 2003, Alcantar adopted a new mask and name as he became "El Hijo del Fantasma" (), revealing to the wrestling world that he was the son of El Fantasma. After the name change he began wearing a mask that closely resembled that of the comic book character The Phantom, just like his father did before him.
His first documented match as El Hijo del Fantasma saw him team up with his father and his cousin, who adopted the ring name "Fantasma Jr.". They defeated Los Oficiales (Guardia, Oficial, and Vanguardia) at an International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG) show on December 14, 2003.
Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (2008–2013)
Alcantar was brought to Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) in 2008, after he left IWRG in 2004. During his time in CMLL, he won the CMLL World Trios Championship on two occasions, teaming with Héctor Garza and La Mascara. The three were first teamed up to participate in a tournament for the vacant CMLL World Trios Championship. Despite never having teamed before, the trio made it all the way to the finals, and then defeated Blue Panther, Dos Caras Jr., and Místico in the finals to win the tournament and the championship. On August 5, 2008, they lost their title to Último Guerrero, Negro Casas, and Atlantis. They had a rematch where Garza, La Mascara, and Hijo del Fantasma regained their title on January 18, 2009. On July 21, 2009, Hijo del Fantasma defeated Averno to win the CMLL World Middleweight Championship. After the match, Averno showed respect to Fantasma by congralutating him and celebrating the victory. On February 14, 2010, after only one successful title defense since July 2009, Hijo del Fantasma lost the Middleweight title to Negro Casas.
In March 2010 signs of dissention amongst the Trios champions began showing as Garza walked out on the team during a trios match mistakenly thinking that one of his teammates had attacked him. Following the walk out Garza kept insincerely insisting that he was still a tecnico and that there was no tension on his team. Further doubts about Garza's allegiance arose when he teamed up with the Rúdo Pólvora to win the 2010 Gran Alternativa tournament. When Garza, La Máscara and Hijo del Fantasma were booked for a CMLL World Trios defense the following week, Garza complained that his partners agreed contesting to the match without asking him, but swore that he would still be professional about it. During the title defense on the May 7, 2010 Super Viernes Garza attacked both Hijo del Fantasma and La Máscara, allowing La Ola Amarilla (Hiroshi Tanahashi, Shigeo Okumura and Taichi Ishikari) to win the CMLL World Trios Championship, turning full blown rudo in the process. On October 28, 2012, Hijo del Fantasma unsuccessfully challenged Dragón Rojo Jr. for the NWA World Historic Middleweight Championship. El Hijo del Fantasma was paired up with rudo El Felino for the 2013 Torneo Nacional de Parejas Increibles ("National Incredible Pairs Tournament"), a tag team tournament teaming rudos with tecnicos. The team lost to La Máscara and Averno in the first round despite Averno and La Máscara being longtime rivals.
Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (2013–2019)
On October 18, 2013, El Hijo del Fantasma made a surprise jump to Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA), debuting at the Héroes Inmortales VII event as the newest member of El Consejo, a rudo stable made up of former CMLL wrestlers. In his debut, he made it to the finals of the Copa Antonio Peña, before losing to La Parka. On December 8 at Guerra de Titanes, Fantasma teamed with El Consejo stablemates Silver King and El Texano, Jr. to unsuccessfully challenge Los Psycho Circus (Monster Clown, Murder Clown and Psycho Clown) for the AAA World Trios Championship. On August 17, 2014, at Triplemanía XXII, El Hijo del Fantasma won a ten-way elimination match to unify the AAA Fusión and AAA Cruiserweight Championships, becoming the first AAA World Cruiserweight Champion. On September 20, 2015, Fantasma became the new leader of the La Sociedad stable. On March 19, 2017, El Hijo del Fantasma lost the World Cruiserweight Championship to Johnny Mundo.
On October 1, 2017, at Héroes Inmortales XI, Fantasma won the 2017 Copa Antonio Peña tournament, which meant he also earned the vacant AAA Latin American Championship. He subsequently became involved in a long running storyline with Texano Jr., initially over the Latin American champions, with a steel cage match at Guerra de Titanes that El Hijo del Fantasma won by disqualification. After the match, it was announced that the two would face off in a Luchas de Apuestas at the Rey de Reyes show. On March 4, 2018, at the Rey de Reyes show, El Hijo del Fantasma defeated Texano Jr., forcing the latter to have all his hair shaved off as a result.
In the weeks following Rey de Reyes AAA announced that El Hijo del Fantasma, Psycho Clown, L.A. Park and Pentagón Jr. would all risk their masks in a Poker de Aces () match at Triplemanía XXVI.In the build-up to Triplemanía XXVI, El Hijo del Fantasma turned rudo once more, forming a faction known as Los Mercenarios ("The Mercenaries") with Texano Jr., Rey Escorpión, and La Máscara. At Triplemanía XXVI, held on August 26, 2018, L.A. Park defeated El Hijo del Fantasma in the Poker de Aces match. After his loss, El Hijo del Fantasma was forced to unmask and reveal his real name, Jorge Luis Alcantar Bolly, to everyone watching. On December 12, 2018, El Hijo del Fantasma fought Drago in the AAA Latin American Championship. Drago defeated El Hijo del Fantasma to win the Championship in one of the featured matches of Guerra de Titanes.
On March 20, 2019, Fantasma announced his departure from AAA.
Lucha Underground (2014–2019)
In September 2014, Hijo del Fantasma began working for Lucha Underground under the ring name "King Cuerno" (Spanish for "King Antler" or "King Horn"), a "big game" hunter. King Cuerno started a feud with Drago and, on January 21, 2015, King Cuerno defeated Drago in a Last Man Standing match. On February 4, 2015, King Cuerno attacked Johnny Mundo, initiating a feud between them. The rivalry concluded on the March 11, 2015 episode when Mundo and King Cuerno wrestled in a steel cage match, which was won by Mundo. On November 14, 2015, King Cuerno defeated Fénix to win the Gift of the Gods Championship. He lost the title back to Fénix in a ladder match on November 21. At Ultima Lucha Dos, King Cuerno was defeated by Mil Muertes in a deathmatch.
He was not seen in season three of the series until the finale Ultima Lucha Tres, where he attacked Mil Muertes and stole the gauntlet that was contested for by Muertes, Jeremiah Crane and Brian Cage. The storyline started at the end of season 3 and continued into season 4, with King Cuerno and Muertes receiving a double disqualification on September 12, 2018. A week later the feud between King Cuerno and Muertes distracted both wrestlers from their match, allowing Pentagón Dark (previously known as Pentagón Jr.) to successfully defend the Lucha Underground Championship against the two. The rivalry between the two ended inconclusively in a match where Pentagón Dark defeated King Cuerno, Mil Muertes and El Dragon Azeca Jr. on September 26, 2018, which was the last time the two faced off in the Lucha Underground Championship. He was released from his contract on March 26, 2019.
Impact Wrestling (2017–2018)
On July 2, 2017, El Hijo del Fantasma and Drago represented AAA at Impact Wrestling's Slammiversary XV show; the team lost to The Latin American Xchange (Santana and Ortiz), who successfully defended the Impact Wrestling World Tag Team Championship and GFW Tag Team Championship in a match that also included the teams of Laredo Kid with Garza Jr., and Naomichi Marufuji with Taiji Ishimori. At Bound for Glory in 2017, Team AAA (El Hijo del Fantasma, Pagano and Texano) lost to Team Impact (Ethan Carter III, Eddie Edwards and James Storm) in a six-man tag team match. On November 6, 2017, Hijo del Fantasma unsuccessfully challenged Eddie Edwards for the GHC Heavyweight Championship. At Impact Wrestling Redemption, Fantasma competed in a six-way match which was won by Brian Cage.
WWE
Signing and debut (2019–2020)
On August 14, 2019, Alcantar signed a contract with WWE. During one of the first weeks while training at the WWE Performance Center, Alcantar suffered a knee injury that prevented him from wrestling for several months. He made his in-ring debut under his real name for NXT on February 15, 2020, teaming with Raul Mendoza to defeat Lewis Howley and Sam Stoker on a show in Fort Pierce, Florida. On April 12, 2020, Alcantar was announced as a participant in the interim Cruiserweight Title tournament under his El Hijo del Fantasma ring name representing Group B in the tournament. He lost to Isaiah "Swerve" Scott but defeated Jack Gallagher and Akira Tozawa thus making it to the finals.
Legado Del Fantasma (2020–present)
In the finals Fantasma defeated Drake Maverick to become Cruiserweight Champion for the first time, as well as winning his first championship in WWE. The following week, Fantasma joined forces with the masked men, who had previously attacked him during the tournament and who revealed themselves to be Raul Mendoza and Joaquin Wilde. The group (later named (Legado del Fantasma) would attack Maverick, leading to Fantasma unmasking himself and adopting the new ring name of Santos Escobar, establishing himself as a heel in the process. Escobar then began feuding with Isaiah "Swerve" Scott, facing him on the August 26 episode of NXT and NXT TakeOver 31, retaining the title both times. At NXT: Halloween Havoc, Escobar would defeat Jake Atlas in a non-title match. At NXT: New Years Evil, Escobar would defeat Gran Metalik to retain his Cruiserweight Title. Escobar would then face Curt Stallion on the February 3 episode of NXT for the Cruiserweight Title and Escobar would win the match. Escobar would then enter a brief feud with Karrion Kross which came to ahead on the February 24 episode of NXT in a no disqualification match in which, Escobar would lose.
On March 10, it was announced that Jordan Devlin, the original Cruiserweight Champion, who was unable to defend his title due to the COVID-19 pandemic, would appear on NXT the following week to challenge Santos Escobar, deciding who was the undisputed Cruiserweight Champion in the process. This culminated on April 8, when Escobar defeated Devlin in a ladder match at NXT TakeOver: Stand & Deliver.
On the April 13 episode of NXT, he issued an open challenge, where he lost his title to Kushida, ending his reign at 321 days. After Escobar failed to regain his title from Kushida in a two out of three falls match on the May 11 episode of NXT, he and the other members of Legado del Fantasma would begin feuding with NXT North American champion, Bronson Reed and NXT Tag Team champions, MSK which would lead to a winners take all six man tag team match at NXT Takeover: In Your House where Legado del Fantasma would be unsuccessful in winning the titles. Shortly after, Escobar would then start feuding with Hit Row and on the August 24 episode of NXT, Legado Del Fantasma would defeat Hit Row in a six man tag team match with the help of a debuting Elektra Lopez. On the October 12 episode of NXT 2.0, Escobar would face Scott for the NXT North American title, but would be unsuccessful. After the match, Carmelo Hayes would cash in his NXT Breakout Tournament opportunity and win the North American title from Scott.
Films
El Hijo del Fantasma has appeared in the following films:
El Fantasma Vs La Maldición de la Pirámide ("The Phantom Vs The Curse of the Pyramid") (2007)
El Fantasma Vs La Aldea de los Zoombies ("The Phantom Vs The Village of the Zombies") (2007)
El Fantasma Vs El Secreto de la Urna Maldita ("The phantom vs the secret of the cursed urn") (2008)
Personal life
Jorge Luis Alcantar Bolly was born on April 30, 1984, in Mexico City, Mexico. His father was a professional wrestler, known as the enmascarado "El Fantasma". His uncle was also a professional wrestler, known as Ángel de la Muerte () and his cousin has worked under the names Ángel de la Muerte Jr. and then Fantasma Jr. In 2007, it was revealed that Alcantar was a student at Universidad Anahuac, working on a degree in International Relations at that time. Alcantar was accompanied by his son for the Triplemanía XXVI match and was seen in the ring afterward as Alcantar was forced to remove his mask.
His son was also seen at the end of his WWE Cruiserweight Championship unification ladder match, which Alcantar won, at NXT TakeOver: Stand & Deliver night 2 where he was given his father's mask and one of the title belts.
Lawsuit against Lucha Underground
On February 6, 2019, it was reported that Alcantar had filed a lawsuit in California against El Rey Network and the production company Baba-G who were behind Lucha Underground. The lawsuit claimed the Lucha Underground contract "Illegally restricted" wrestlers from working in their "lawful profession" by restricting them from working for other companies while under contract with Lucha Underground, which only paid per match. Alcantar's lawyer also revealed that he had filed a class action lawsuit against Lucha Underground over the contracts that he claims are not legal under Californian law. The class action lawsuit also included Ivelisse Vélez, Joey Ryan and Melissa Cervantes looking to invalidate their contracts. The lawsuit led to Alcantar and others being released from their Lucha Underground contracts prior to it expiring.
Championships and accomplishments
Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide
AAA Fusión Championship (1 time)
AAA Latin American Championship (1 time)
AAA World Cruiserweight Championship (1 time)
Copa Antonio Peña (2017)
Copa La Polar (2017)
Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre
CMLL World Trios Championship (2 times) – with Héctor Garza and La Mascara
CMLL World Middleweight Championship (1 time)
Torneo Generación 75
CMLL Trio of the year: 2009 (with Héctor Garza and La Máscara)
Lucha Underground
Lucha Underground Gift of the Gods Championship (1 time)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI ranked him #63 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2015
Toryumon Mexico
Yamaha Cup (2010) – with Angélico
WWE
NXT Cruiserweight Championship (1 time)
Interim NXT Cruiserweight Championship Tournament (2020)
Luchas de Apuestas record
Footnotes
References
External links
1984 births
Living people
Mexican male professional wrestlers
Masked wrestlers
Professional wrestlers from Mexico City
NXT/WWE Cruiserweight Champion | [
"Jorge Luis Alcantar Bolly (born April 30, 1984), is a Mexican second-generation luchador (professional wrestler).",
"He is currently signed to WWE, where he performs on the NXT brand under the ring name Santos Escobar, as the leader of Legado Del Fantasma.",
"Before his WWE career, Alcantar worked as El Hijo del Fantasma for Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA) from 2013 to 2019.",
"In AAA, he won the AAA Fusión Championship, the AAA Latin American Championship, the 2017 Copa Antonio Peña, and is the longest-reigning AAA World Cruiserweight Champion in history.",
"He previously worked for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) from 2008 to 2013.",
"In CMLL, he held the CMLL World Middleweight Championship, as well as the CMLL World Trios Championship twice (with Héctor Garza and La Máscara).",
"Alcantar has also worked under the ring name King Cuerno for the U.S.-based Lucha Underground promotion from 2014 to 2019.",
"Through AAA's promotional partnerships, Alcantar also worked on several shows for Impact Wrestling, while under AAA contract.",
"His father is luchador El Fantasma, who is the head of the Mexico City Boxing and Professional Wrestling commission.",
"His cousin wrestles under the name \"Fantasma Jr.\", while his uncle worked under the name \"Ángel de la Muerte\".",
"Professional wrestling career\nAlcantar began his professional wrestling career in 2000, as the masked ring character \"Top Secret\".",
"While working under the Top Secret name he wore a black mask with gold trim around the eye openings.",
"In 2003, Alcantar adopted a new mask and name as he became \"El Hijo del Fantasma\" (), revealing to the wrestling world that he was the son of El Fantasma.",
"After the name change he began wearing a mask that closely resembled that of the comic book character The Phantom, just like his father did before him.",
"His first documented match as El Hijo del Fantasma saw him team up with his father and his cousin, who adopted the ring name \"Fantasma Jr.\".",
"They defeated Los Oficiales (Guardia, Oficial, and Vanguardia) at an International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG) show on December 14, 2003.",
"Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (2008–2013)\nAlcantar was brought to Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) in 2008, after he left IWRG in 2004.",
"During his time in CMLL, he won the CMLL World Trios Championship on two occasions, teaming with Héctor Garza and La Mascara.",
"The three were first teamed up to participate in a tournament for the vacant CMLL World Trios Championship.",
"Despite never having teamed before, the trio made it all the way to the finals, and then defeated Blue Panther, Dos Caras Jr., and Místico in the finals to win the tournament and the championship.",
"On August 5, 2008, they lost their title to Último Guerrero, Negro Casas, and Atlantis.",
"They had a rematch where Garza, La Mascara, and Hijo del Fantasma regained their title on January 18, 2009.",
"On July 21, 2009, Hijo del Fantasma defeated Averno to win the CMLL World Middleweight Championship.",
"After the match, Averno showed respect to Fantasma by congralutating him and celebrating the victory.",
"On February 14, 2010, after only one successful title defense since July 2009, Hijo del Fantasma lost the Middleweight title to Negro Casas.",
"In March 2010 signs of dissention amongst the Trios champions began showing as Garza walked out on the team during a trios match mistakenly thinking that one of his teammates had attacked him.",
"Following the walk out Garza kept insincerely insisting that he was still a tecnico and that there was no tension on his team.",
"Further doubts about Garza's allegiance arose when he teamed up with the Rúdo Pólvora to win the 2010 Gran Alternativa tournament.",
"When Garza, La Máscara and Hijo del Fantasma were booked for a CMLL World Trios defense the following week, Garza complained that his partners agreed contesting to the match without asking him, but swore that he would still be professional about it.",
"During the title defense on the May 7, 2010 Super Viernes Garza attacked both Hijo del Fantasma and La Máscara, allowing La Ola Amarilla (Hiroshi Tanahashi, Shigeo Okumura and Taichi Ishikari) to win the CMLL World Trios Championship, turning full blown rudo in the process.",
"On October 28, 2012, Hijo del Fantasma unsuccessfully challenged Dragón Rojo Jr. for the NWA World Historic Middleweight Championship.",
"El Hijo del Fantasma was paired up with rudo El Felino for the 2013 Torneo Nacional de Parejas Increibles (\"National Incredible Pairs Tournament\"), a tag team tournament teaming rudos with tecnicos.",
"The team lost to La Máscara and Averno in the first round despite Averno and La Máscara being longtime rivals.",
"Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (2013–2019)\n\nOn October 18, 2013, El Hijo del Fantasma made a surprise jump to Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA), debuting at the Héroes Inmortales VII event as the newest member of El Consejo, a rudo stable made up of former CMLL wrestlers.",
"In his debut, he made it to the finals of the Copa Antonio Peña, before losing to La Parka.",
"On December 8 at Guerra de Titanes, Fantasma teamed with El Consejo stablemates Silver King and El Texano, Jr. to unsuccessfully challenge Los Psycho Circus (Monster Clown, Murder Clown and Psycho Clown) for the AAA World Trios Championship.",
"On August 17, 2014, at Triplemanía XXII, El Hijo del Fantasma won a ten-way elimination match to unify the AAA Fusión and AAA Cruiserweight Championships, becoming the first AAA World Cruiserweight Champion.",
"On September 20, 2015, Fantasma became the new leader of the La Sociedad stable.",
"On March 19, 2017, El Hijo del Fantasma lost the World Cruiserweight Championship to Johnny Mundo.",
"On October 1, 2017, at Héroes Inmortales XI, Fantasma won the 2017 Copa Antonio Peña tournament, which meant he also earned the vacant AAA Latin American Championship.",
"He subsequently became involved in a long running storyline with Texano Jr., initially over the Latin American champions, with a steel cage match at Guerra de Titanes that El Hijo del Fantasma won by disqualification.",
"After the match, it was announced that the two would face off in a Luchas de Apuestas at the Rey de Reyes show.",
"On March 4, 2018, at the Rey de Reyes show, El Hijo del Fantasma defeated Texano Jr., forcing the latter to have all his hair shaved off as a result.",
"In the weeks following Rey de Reyes AAA announced that El Hijo del Fantasma, Psycho Clown, L.A. Park and Pentagón Jr. would all risk their masks in a Poker de Aces () match at Triplemanía XXVI.In the build-up to Triplemanía XXVI, El Hijo del Fantasma turned rudo once more, forming a faction known as Los Mercenarios (\"The Mercenaries\") with Texano Jr., Rey Escorpión, and La Máscara.",
"At Triplemanía XXVI, held on August 26, 2018, L.A. Park defeated El Hijo del Fantasma in the Poker de Aces match.",
"After his loss, El Hijo del Fantasma was forced to unmask and reveal his real name, Jorge Luis Alcantar Bolly, to everyone watching.",
"On December 12, 2018, El Hijo del Fantasma fought Drago in the AAA Latin American Championship.",
"Drago defeated El Hijo del Fantasma to win the Championship in one of the featured matches of Guerra de Titanes.",
"On March 20, 2019, Fantasma announced his departure from AAA.",
"Lucha Underground (2014–2019)\nIn September 2014, Hijo del Fantasma began working for Lucha Underground under the ring name \"King Cuerno\" (Spanish for \"King Antler\" or \"King Horn\"), a \"big game\" hunter.",
"King Cuerno started a feud with Drago and, on January 21, 2015, King Cuerno defeated Drago in a Last Man Standing match.",
"On February 4, 2015, King Cuerno attacked Johnny Mundo, initiating a feud between them.",
"The rivalry concluded on the March 11, 2015 episode when Mundo and King Cuerno wrestled in a steel cage match, which was won by Mundo.",
"On November 14, 2015, King Cuerno defeated Fénix to win the Gift of the Gods Championship.",
"He lost the title back to Fénix in a ladder match on November 21.",
"At Ultima Lucha Dos, King Cuerno was defeated by Mil Muertes in a deathmatch.",
"He was not seen in season three of the series until the finale Ultima Lucha Tres, where he attacked Mil Muertes and stole the gauntlet that was contested for by Muertes, Jeremiah Crane and Brian Cage.",
"The storyline started at the end of season 3 and continued into season 4, with King Cuerno and Muertes receiving a double disqualification on September 12, 2018.",
"A week later the feud between King Cuerno and Muertes distracted both wrestlers from their match, allowing Pentagón Dark (previously known as Pentagón Jr.) to successfully defend the Lucha Underground Championship against the two.",
"The rivalry between the two ended inconclusively in a match where Pentagón Dark defeated King Cuerno, Mil Muertes and El Dragon Azeca Jr. on September 26, 2018, which was the last time the two faced off in the Lucha Underground Championship.",
"He was released from his contract on March 26, 2019.",
"Impact Wrestling (2017–2018)\nOn July 2, 2017, El Hijo del Fantasma and Drago represented AAA at Impact Wrestling's Slammiversary XV show; the team lost to The Latin American Xchange (Santana and Ortiz), who successfully defended the Impact Wrestling World Tag Team Championship and GFW Tag Team Championship in a match that also included the teams of Laredo Kid with Garza Jr., and Naomichi Marufuji with Taiji Ishimori.",
"At Bound for Glory in 2017, Team AAA (El Hijo del Fantasma, Pagano and Texano) lost to Team Impact (Ethan Carter III, Eddie Edwards and James Storm) in a six-man tag team match.",
"On November 6, 2017, Hijo del Fantasma unsuccessfully challenged Eddie Edwards for the GHC Heavyweight Championship.",
"At Impact Wrestling Redemption, Fantasma competed in a six-way match which was won by Brian Cage.",
"WWE\n\nSigning and debut (2019–2020)\nOn August 14, 2019, Alcantar signed a contract with WWE.",
"During one of the first weeks while training at the WWE Performance Center, Alcantar suffered a knee injury that prevented him from wrestling for several months.",
"He made his in-ring debut under his real name for NXT on February 15, 2020, teaming with Raul Mendoza to defeat Lewis Howley and Sam Stoker on a show in Fort Pierce, Florida.",
"On April 12, 2020, Alcantar was announced as a participant in the interim Cruiserweight Title tournament under his El Hijo del Fantasma ring name representing Group B in the tournament.",
"He lost to Isaiah \"Swerve\" Scott but defeated Jack Gallagher and Akira Tozawa thus making it to the finals.",
"Legado Del Fantasma (2020–present) \n\nIn the finals Fantasma defeated Drake Maverick to become Cruiserweight Champion for the first time, as well as winning his first championship in WWE.",
"The following week, Fantasma joined forces with the masked men, who had previously attacked him during the tournament and who revealed themselves to be Raul Mendoza and Joaquin Wilde.",
"The group (later named (Legado del Fantasma) would attack Maverick, leading to Fantasma unmasking himself and adopting the new ring name of Santos Escobar, establishing himself as a heel in the process.",
"Escobar then began feuding with Isaiah \"Swerve\" Scott, facing him on the August 26 episode of NXT and NXT TakeOver 31, retaining the title both times.",
"At NXT: Halloween Havoc, Escobar would defeat Jake Atlas in a non-title match.",
"At NXT: New Years Evil, Escobar would defeat Gran Metalik to retain his Cruiserweight Title.",
"Escobar would then face Curt Stallion on the February 3 episode of NXT for the Cruiserweight Title and Escobar would win the match.",
"Escobar would then enter a brief feud with Karrion Kross which came to ahead on the February 24 episode of NXT in a no disqualification match in which, Escobar would lose.",
"On March 10, it was announced that Jordan Devlin, the original Cruiserweight Champion, who was unable to defend his title due to the COVID-19 pandemic, would appear on NXT the following week to challenge Santos Escobar, deciding who was the undisputed Cruiserweight Champion in the process.",
"This culminated on April 8, when Escobar defeated Devlin in a ladder match at NXT TakeOver: Stand & Deliver.",
"On the April 13 episode of NXT, he issued an open challenge, where he lost his title to Kushida, ending his reign at 321 days.",
"After Escobar failed to regain his title from Kushida in a two out of three falls match on the May 11 episode of NXT, he and the other members of Legado del Fantasma would begin feuding with NXT North American champion, Bronson Reed and NXT Tag Team champions, MSK which would lead to a winners take all six man tag team match at NXT Takeover: In Your House where Legado del Fantasma would be unsuccessful in winning the titles.",
"Shortly after, Escobar would then start feuding with Hit Row and on the August 24 episode of NXT, Legado Del Fantasma would defeat Hit Row in a six man tag team match with the help of a debuting Elektra Lopez.",
"On the October 12 episode of NXT 2.0, Escobar would face Scott for the NXT North American title, but would be unsuccessful.",
"After the match, Carmelo Hayes would cash in his NXT Breakout Tournament opportunity and win the North American title from Scott.",
"Films\nEl Hijo del Fantasma has appeared in the following films:\n\nEl Fantasma Vs La Maldición de la Pirámide (\"The Phantom Vs The Curse of the Pyramid\") (2007)\nEl Fantasma Vs La Aldea de los Zoombies (\"The Phantom Vs The Village of the Zombies\") (2007)\nEl Fantasma Vs El Secreto de la Urna Maldita (\"The phantom vs the secret of the cursed urn\") (2008)\n\nPersonal life\n\nJorge Luis Alcantar Bolly was born on April 30, 1984, in Mexico City, Mexico.",
"His father was a professional wrestler, known as the enmascarado \"El Fantasma\".",
"His uncle was also a professional wrestler, known as Ángel de la Muerte () and his cousin has worked under the names Ángel de la Muerte Jr. and then Fantasma Jr.",
"In 2007, it was revealed that Alcantar was a student at Universidad Anahuac, working on a degree in International Relations at that time.",
"Alcantar was accompanied by his son for the Triplemanía XXVI match and was seen in the ring afterward as Alcantar was forced to remove his mask.",
"His son was also seen at the end of his WWE Cruiserweight Championship unification ladder match, which Alcantar won, at NXT TakeOver: Stand & Deliver night 2 where he was given his father's mask and one of the title belts.",
"Lawsuit against Lucha Underground\nOn February 6, 2019, it was reported that Alcantar had filed a lawsuit in California against El Rey Network and the production company Baba-G who were behind Lucha Underground.",
"The lawsuit claimed the Lucha Underground contract \"Illegally restricted\" wrestlers from working in their \"lawful profession\" by restricting them from working for other companies while under contract with Lucha Underground, which only paid per match.",
"Alcantar's lawyer also revealed that he had filed a class action lawsuit against Lucha Underground over the contracts that he claims are not legal under Californian law.",
"The class action lawsuit also included Ivelisse Vélez, Joey Ryan and Melissa Cervantes looking to invalidate their contracts.",
"The lawsuit led to Alcantar and others being released from their Lucha Underground contracts prior to it expiring.",
"Championships and accomplishments\nLucha Libre AAA Worldwide\nAAA Fusión Championship (1 time)\nAAA Latin American Championship (1 time)\nAAA World Cruiserweight Championship (1 time)\nCopa Antonio Peña (2017)\nCopa La Polar (2017)\nConsejo Mundial de Lucha Libre\nCMLL World Trios Championship (2 times) – with Héctor Garza and La Mascara\nCMLL World Middleweight Championship (1 time)\nTorneo Generación 75\nCMLL Trio of the year: 2009 (with Héctor Garza and La Máscara)\nLucha Underground\nLucha Underground Gift of the Gods Championship (1 time)\nPro Wrestling Illustrated\nPWI ranked him #63 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2015\nToryumon Mexico\nYamaha Cup (2010) – with Angélico\nWWE\nNXT Cruiserweight Championship (1 time)\nInterim NXT Cruiserweight Championship Tournament (2020)\n\nLuchas de Apuestas record\n\nFootnotes\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n \n \n \n \n\n1984 births\nLiving people\nMexican male professional wrestlers\nMasked wrestlers\nProfessional wrestlers from Mexico City\nNXT/WWE Cruiserweight Champion"
] | [
"Alcantar Bolly is a Mexican professional wrestler.",
"He has been signed to the World Wrestling Entertainment, where he performs under the ring name \"Santos Escobar\", as the leader of Legado Del Fantasma.",
"Alcantar was an employee of Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide from 2013 to 2019.",
"He won the Fusin Championship and the Latin American Championship in the same year.",
"He used to work for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre.",
"He held the CMLL World Middleweight Championship, as well as the CMLL World Trios Championship twice.",
"The ring name King Cuerno was used by Alcantar for the Lucha Underground promotion.",
"Alcantar worked on several shows for Impact Wrestling while under the contract of AAA.",
"The head of the Mexico City Boxing and Professional Wrestling commission is his father.",
"His cousin wrestles under the name \"Fantasma Jr.\", while his uncle works under the name \"ngel de la Muerte\".",
"Alcantar began his professional wrestling career in 2000 as the masked ring character \"Top Secret\".",
"He wore a black mask and gold trim to work under the name Top Secret.",
"Alcantar revealed to the wrestling world in 2003 that he was the son of El Fantasma, after adopting a new mask and name.",
"His father used to wear a mask that was similar to the comic book character The Phantom.",
"His first documented match was with his father and cousin, who adopted the ring name \"Fantasma Jr.\"",
"They defeated Los Oficiales at an International Wrestling Revolution Group show.",
"After leaving IWRG in 2004, Alcantar was brought to Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre.",
"He won the CMLL World Trios Championship on two occasions, teaming with La Mascara.",
"The three participated in a tournament for the World Trios Championship.",
"The trio made it all the way to the finals, and then defeated Blue Panther, Dos Caras Jr., and Mstico in the finals to win the tournament and the championship.",
"They lost their title on August 5, 2008.",
"On January 18, 2009, they regained their title.",
"The CMLL World Middleweight Championship was won on July 21, 2009.",
"After the match, Averno showed his respect by celebrating the victory.",
"The Middleweight title went to Negro Casas on February 14, 2010, after only one successful title defense.",
"In March 2010 signs of dissention began to show as Garza walked out on the team during a trios match mistakenly thinking that one of his teammates had attacked him.",
"He insisted that there was no tension on his team after the walk out.",
"When he and the Rdo Plvora won the Gran Alternativa tournament, there were doubts about his loyalties.",
"He swore that he would still be professional about it, even though he complained that his partners agreed to the match without asking him.",
"The CMLL World Trios Championship was held on May 7, 2010 and La Mscara was the winner.",
"The NWA World Historic Middleweight Championship was won by Dragn Rojo Jr.",
"The tag team tournament \"National Incredible Pairs Tournament\" was hosted by El Hijo del Fantasma and El Felino.",
"The team lost to Averno and La Mscara in the first round.",
"The newest member of El Consejo, a rudo stable, was announced at the Héroes Inmortales VII event on October 18, 2013.",
"He made it to the finals of the Antonio Pea before losing to La Parka.",
"El Consejo stablemates Silver King and El Texano, Jr. tried to challenge Los Psycho Circus for the World Trios Championship on December 8.",
"On August 17, 2014, at Triplemana XXII, El Hijo del Fusin won a ten-way elimination match to unify theAAA Fusin andAAA Cruiserweight Championships.",
"The La Sociedad stable had a new leader on September 20, 2015.",
"The World Cruiserweight Championship was won by Johnny Mundo.",
"On October 1, 2017, at Héroes Inmortales XI, he won the Copa Antonio Pea tournament and earned a spot in the Latin American Championship.",
"He became involved in a long running storyline with Texano Jr., initially over the Latin American champion, with a steel cage match.",
"After the match, it was announced that the two would face off in a Luchas de Apuestas.",
"Texano Jr. had his hair shaved off after he was defeated by El Hijo del Fantasma at the Rey de Reyes show.",
"Triplemana XXVI was the site of a Poker de Aces match between El Hijo del Fantasma, Psycho Clown, L.A. Park, and Pentagn Jr.",
"At Triplemana XXVI, L.A. Park won the poker match.",
"After his loss, El Hijo del Fantasma had to reveal his real name to everyone.",
"The Latin American Championship was held on December 12th.",
"The Championship match was one of the featured matches of Guerra de Titanes.",
"On March 20, he announced that he was leaving.",
"The ring name \"King Cuerno\" (Spanish for \"King Antler\" or \"King Horn\"), a \"big game\" hunter, was started in September of 2014).",
"On January 21, 2015, King Cuerno defeated Drago in a Last Man Standing match.",
"On February 4, 2015, King Cuerno attacked Johnny Mundo.",
"On the March 11, 2015 episode, Mundo defeated King Cuerno in a steel cage match.",
"King Cuerno defeated Fénix to win the Gift of the Gods Championship.",
"He lost the title to Fénix in a ladder match.",
"King Cuerno was defeated in a death match.",
"He was not seen in the third season until the finale, where he stole the gauntlet that was fought for by Muertes, Crane and Cage.",
"The storyline began at the end of season 3 and continued into season 4, with King Cuerno and Muertes receiving a double disqualification.",
"The feud between King Cuerno and Muertes distracted both wrestlers from their match, allowing Pentagn Dark to successfully defend the Lucha Underground Championship against the two.",
"The last time the two faced off in the Lucha Underground Championship was in September of last year, when the rivalry between the two ended in a match.",
"He was let go from his contract.",
"The Latin American Xchange successfully defended the Impact Wrestling World Tag Team Championship and GFW at Impact Wrestling's Slammiversary XV show on July 2, 2017.",
"Team Impact defeated Team AAA in a six-man tag team match at Bound for Glory.",
"Eddie Edwards was challenged by Hijo del Fantasma for the GHC Heavyweight Championship.",
"Brian Cage won the six-way match at Impact Wrestling Redemption.",
"On August 14, Alcantar signed a contract with the company.",
"A knee injury prevented Alcantar from wrestling for several months.",
"On February 15, 2020, under his real name, he made his in-ring debut for the company, teaming with a teammate to defeat Lewis Howley and Sam Stoker on a show in Fort Pierce, Florida.",
"On April 12, 2020, Alcantar was announced as a participant in the interim Cruiserweight Title tournament under his El Hijo del Fantasma ring name.",
"He made it to the finals despite losing to Swerve Scott.",
"In the finals, Legado Del Fantasma defeated Drake Maverick to become the Cruiserweight champion for the first time, as well as winning his first championship in WWE.",
"The masked men who attacked him during the tournament reappeared the following week, along with Fantasma.",
"As a result of the attack on Maverick, the group (later named (Legado del Fantasma)) would attack again, leading to the emergence of the new ring name ofSantosEscobar, who would become a heel in the process.",
"On the August 26 episode of NXT and TakeOver 31, he faced off against Swerve Scott, who retained the title twice.",
"Jake Atlas was defeated in a non-title match at the Halloween Havoc.",
"At New Years Evil, he defeated Gran Metalik to retain his title.",
"On the February 3 episode of NXT, the Cruiserweight Title would be on the line and Escobar would win the match.",
"On the February 24 episode of NXT, there was a no disqualification match in which Escobar would lose.",
"On March 10, it was announced that Jordan Devlin, the original Cruiserweight Champion, who was unable to defend his title due to the COVID-19 Pandemic, would appear on NXT the following week to challenge Santos Escobar, deciding who was the undisputed cruiserweight champion in the process.",
"At the April 8 NXT TakeOver: Stand & Deliver, Escobar defeated Devlin in a ladder match.",
"He lost his title to Kushida after issuing an open challenge on the April 13 episode of NXT.",
"After he failed to regain his title from Kushida in a two out of three falls match on the May 11 episode of NXT, he and the other members of Legado del Fantasma would begin feuding with the other members of the team.",
"On the August 24 episode of NXT, Legado Del Fantasma defeated Hit Row in a six man tag team match with the help of a debutante.",
"Scott would be unsuccessful in his attempt to win the title on the October 12 episode.",
"After the match, he won the North American title from Scott.",
"The films El Hijo del Fantasma and La Maldicin de la Pirmide were both released in 2007.",
"His father was a professional wrestler.",
"His cousin and uncle were both professional wrestlers, known as ngel de la Muerte and ngel de la Muerte Jr.",
"In 2007, it was revealed that Alcantar was working on a degree in International Relations at the time.",
"As Alcantar was forced to remove his mask, he was seen in the ring with his son.",
"His son was given a mask and one of the title belts at the end of his father's match.",
"On February 6, it was reported that Alcantar had filed a lawsuit in California against El Rey Network and Baba-G who were behind Lucha Underground.",
"The Lucha Underground contract restricted wrestlers from working for other companies while under contract with Lucha Underground, which only paid per match, according to the lawsuit.",
"The lawyer for Alcantar said that he had filed a class action lawsuit against Lucha Underground over the contracts that he claims are not legal in California.",
"They were looking to invalidate their contracts in the class action lawsuit.",
"The lawsuit led to the release of Alcantar and others from their Lucha Underground contracts.",
"The Lucha Libre International Fusin Championship (1 time) and the Latin American Championship (1 time) were both won by Antonio Pea."
] | Jorge Luis Alcantar Bolly (born April 30, 1984), is a Mexican second-generation luchador (professional wrestler). He is currently signed to WWE, where he performs on the NXT brand under the ring name <mask>, as the leader of Legado Del Fantasma. Before his WWE career, Alcantar worked as El Hijo del Fantasma for Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA) from 2013 to 2019. In AAA, he won the AAA Fusión Championship, the AAA Latin American Championship, the 2017 Copa Antonio Peña, and is the longest-reigning AAA World Cruiserweight Champion in history. He previously worked for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) from 2008 to 2013. In CMLL, he held the CMLL World Middleweight Championship, as well as the CMLL World Trios Championship twice (with Héctor Garza and La Máscara). Alcantar has also worked under the ring name King Cuerno for the U.S.-based Lucha Underground promotion from 2014 to 2019.Through AAA's promotional partnerships, Alcantar also worked on several shows for Impact Wrestling, while under AAA contract. His father is luchador El Fantasma, who is the head of the Mexico City Boxing and Professional Wrestling commission. His cousin wrestles under the name "Fantasma Jr.", while his uncle worked under the name "Ángel de la Muerte". Professional wrestling career
Alcantar began his professional wrestling career in 2000, as the masked ring character "Top Secret". While working under the Top Secret name he wore a black mask with gold trim around the eye openings. In 2003, Alcantar adopted a new mask and name as he became "El Hijo del Fantasma" (), revealing to the wrestling world that he was the son of El Fantasma. After the name change he began wearing a mask that closely resembled that of the comic book character The Phantom, just like his father did before him.His first documented match as El Hijo del Fantasma saw him team up with his father and his cousin, who adopted the ring name "Fantasma Jr.". They defeated Los Oficiales (Guardia, Oficial, and Vanguardia) at an International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG) show on December 14, 2003. Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (2008–2013)
Alcantar was brought to Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) in 2008, after he left IWRG in 2004. During his time in CMLL, he won the CMLL World Trios Championship on two occasions, teaming with Héctor Garza and La Mascara. The three were first teamed up to participate in a tournament for the vacant CMLL World Trios Championship. Despite never having teamed before, the trio made it all the way to the finals, and then defeated Blue Panther, Dos Caras Jr., and Místico in the finals to win the tournament and the championship. On August 5, 2008, they lost their title to Último Guerrero, Negro Casas, and Atlantis.They had a rematch where Garza, La Mascara, and Hijo del Fantasma regained their title on January 18, 2009. On July 21, 2009, Hijo del Fantasma defeated Averno to win the CMLL World Middleweight Championship. After the match, Averno showed respect to Fantasma by congralutating him and celebrating the victory. On February 14, 2010, after only one successful title defense since July 2009, Hijo del Fantasma lost the Middleweight title to Negro Casas. In March 2010 signs of dissention amongst the Trios champions began showing as Garza walked out on the team during a trios match mistakenly thinking that one of his teammates had attacked him. Following the walk out Garza kept insincerely insisting that he was still a tecnico and that there was no tension on his team. Further doubts about Garza's allegiance arose when he teamed up with the Rúdo Pólvora to win the 2010 Gran Alternativa tournament.When Garza, La Máscara and Hijo del Fantasma were booked for a CMLL World Trios defense the following week, Garza complained that his partners agreed contesting to the match without asking him, but swore that he would still be professional about it. During the title defense on the May 7, 2010 Super Viernes Garza attacked both Hijo del Fantasma and La Máscara, allowing La Ola Amarilla (Hiroshi Tanahashi, Shigeo Okumura and Taichi Ishikari) to win the CMLL World Trios Championship, turning full blown rudo in the process. On October 28, 2012, Hijo del Fantasma unsuccessfully challenged Dragón Rojo Jr. for the NWA World Historic Middleweight Championship. El Hijo del Fantasma was paired up with rudo El Felino for the 2013 Torneo Nacional de Parejas Increibles ("National Incredible Pairs Tournament"), a tag team tournament teaming rudos with tecnicos. The team lost to La Máscara and Averno in the first round despite Averno and La Máscara being longtime rivals. Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (2013–2019)
On October 18, 2013, El Hijo del Fantasma made a surprise jump to Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA), debuting at the Héroes Inmortales VII event as the newest member of El Consejo, a rudo stable made up of former CMLL wrestlers. In his debut, he made it to the finals of the Copa Antonio Peña, before losing to La Parka.On December 8 at Guerra de Titanes, Fantasma teamed with El Consejo stablemates Silver King and El Texano, Jr. to unsuccessfully challenge Los Psycho Circus (Monster Clown, Murder Clown and Psycho Clown) for the AAA World Trios Championship. On August 17, 2014, at Triplemanía XXII, El Hijo del Fantasma won a ten-way elimination match to unify the AAA Fusión and AAA Cruiserweight Championships, becoming the first AAA World Cruiserweight Champion. On September 20, 2015, Fantasma became the new leader of the La Sociedad stable. On March 19, 2017, El Hijo del Fantasma lost the World Cruiserweight Championship to Johnny Mundo. On October 1, 2017, at Héroes Inmortales XI, Fantasma won the 2017 Copa Antonio Peña tournament, which meant he also earned the vacant AAA Latin American Championship. He subsequently became involved in a long running storyline with Texano Jr., initially over the Latin American champions, with a steel cage match at Guerra de Titanes that El Hijo del Fantasma won by disqualification. After the match, it was announced that the two would face off in a Luchas de Apuestas at the Rey de Reyes show.On March 4, 2018, at the Rey de Reyes show, El Hijo del Fantasma defeated Texano Jr., forcing the latter to have all his hair shaved off as a result. In the weeks following Rey de Reyes AAA announced that El Hijo del Fantasma, Psycho Clown, L.A. Park and Pentagón Jr. would all risk their masks in a Poker de Aces () match at Triplemanía XXVI.In the build-up to Triplemanía XXVI, El Hijo del Fantasma turned rudo once more, forming a faction known as Los Mercenarios ("The Mercenaries") with Texano Jr., Rey Escorpión, and La Máscara. At Triplemanía XXVI, held on August 26, 2018, L.A. Park defeated El Hijo del Fantasma in the Poker de Aces match. After his loss, El Hijo del Fantasma was forced to unmask and reveal his real name, Jorge Luis Alcantar Bolly, to everyone watching. On December 12, 2018, El Hijo del Fantasma fought Drago in the AAA Latin American Championship. Drago defeated El Hijo del Fantasma to win the Championship in one of the featured matches of Guerra de Titanes. On March 20, 2019, Fantasma announced his departure from AAA.Lucha Underground (2014–2019)
In September 2014, Hijo del Fantasma began working for Lucha Underground under the ring name "King Cuerno" (Spanish for "King Antler" or "King Horn"), a "big game" hunter. King Cuerno started a feud with Drago and, on January 21, 2015, King Cuerno defeated Drago in a Last Man Standing match. On February 4, 2015, King Cuerno attacked Johnny Mundo, initiating a feud between them. The rivalry concluded on the March 11, 2015 episode when Mundo and King Cuerno wrestled in a steel cage match, which was won by Mundo. On November 14, 2015, King Cuerno defeated Fénix to win the Gift of the Gods Championship. He lost the title back to Fénix in a ladder match on November 21. At Ultima Lucha Dos, King Cuerno was defeated by Mil Muertes in a deathmatch.He was not seen in season three of the series until the finale Ultima Lucha Tres, where he attacked Mil Muertes and stole the gauntlet that was contested for by Muertes, Jeremiah Crane and Brian Cage. The storyline started at the end of season 3 and continued into season 4, with King Cuerno and Muertes receiving a double disqualification on September 12, 2018. A week later the feud between King Cuerno and Muertes distracted both wrestlers from their match, allowing Pentagón Dark (previously known as Pentagón Jr.) to successfully defend the Lucha Underground Championship against the two. The rivalry between the two ended inconclusively in a match where Pentagón Dark defeated King Cuerno, Mil Muertes and El Dragon Azeca Jr. on September 26, 2018, which was the last time the two faced off in the Lucha Underground Championship. He was released from his contract on March 26, 2019. Impact Wrestling (2017–2018)
On July 2, 2017, El Hijo del Fantasma and Drago represented AAA at Impact Wrestling's Slammiversary XV show; the team lost to The Latin American Xchange (Santana and Ortiz), who successfully defended the Impact Wrestling World Tag Team Championship and GFW Tag Team Championship in a match that also included the teams of Laredo Kid with Garza Jr., and Naomichi Marufuji with Taiji Ishimori. At Bound for Glory in 2017, Team AAA (El Hijo del Fantasma, Pagano and Texano) lost to Team Impact (Ethan Carter III, Eddie Edwards and James Storm) in a six-man tag team match.On November 6, 2017, Hijo del Fantasma unsuccessfully challenged Eddie Edwards for the GHC Heavyweight Championship. At Impact Wrestling Redemption, Fantasma competed in a six-way match which was won by Brian Cage. WWE
Signing and debut (2019–2020)
On August 14, 2019, Alcantar signed a contract with WWE. During one of the first weeks while training at the WWE Performance Center, Alcantar suffered a knee injury that prevented him from wrestling for several months. He made his in-ring debut under his real name for NXT on February 15, 2020, teaming with Raul Mendoza to defeat Lewis Howley and Sam Stoker on a show in Fort Pierce, Florida. On April 12, 2020, Alcantar was announced as a participant in the interim Cruiserweight Title tournament under his El Hijo del Fantasma ring name representing Group B in the tournament. He lost to Isaiah "Swerve" Scott but defeated Jack Gallagher and Akira Tozawa thus making it to the finals.Legado Del Fantasma (2020–present)
In the finals Fantasma defeated Drake Maverick to become Cruiserweight Champion for the first time, as well as winning his first championship in WWE. The following week, Fantasma joined forces with the masked men, who had previously attacked him during the tournament and who revealed themselves to be Raul Mendoza and Joaquin Wilde. The group (later named (Legado del Fantasma) would attack Maverick, leading to Fantasma unmasking himself and adopting the new ring name of <mask>, establishing himself as a heel in the process. <mask> then began feuding with Isaiah "Swerve" Scott, facing him on the August 26 episode of NXT and NXT TakeOver 31, retaining the title both times. At NXT: Halloween Havoc, <mask> would defeat Jake Atlas in a non-title match. At NXT: New Years Evil, <mask> would defeat Gran Metalik to retain his Cruiserweight Title. <mask> would then face Curt Stallion on the February 3 episode of NXT for the Cruiserweight Title and <mask> would win the match.<mask> would then enter a brief feud with Karrion Kross which came to ahead on the February 24 episode of NXT in a no disqualification match in which, <mask> would lose. On March 10, it was announced that Jordan Devlin, the original Cruiserweight Champion, who was unable to defend his title due to the COVID-19 pandemic, would appear on NXT the following week to challenge <mask>, deciding who was the undisputed Cruiserweight Champion in the process. This culminated on April 8, when <mask> defeated Devlin in a ladder match at NXT TakeOver: Stand & Deliver. On the April 13 episode of NXT, he issued an open challenge, where he lost his title to Kushida, ending his reign at 321 days. After <mask> failed to regain his title from Kushida in a two out of three falls match on the May 11 episode of NXT, he and the other members of Legado del Fantasma would begin feuding with NXT North American champion, Bronson Reed and NXT Tag Team champions, MSK which would lead to a winners take all six man tag team match at NXT Takeover: In Your House where Legado del Fantasma would be unsuccessful in winning the titles. Shortly after, <mask> would then start feuding with Hit Row and on the August 24 episode of NXT, Legado Del Fantasma would defeat Hit Row in a six man tag team match with the help of a debuting Elektra Lopez. On the October 12 episode of NXT 2.0, <mask> would face Scott for the NXT North American title, but would be unsuccessful.After the match, Carmelo Hayes would cash in his NXT Breakout Tournament opportunity and win the North American title from Scott. Films
El Hijo del Fantasma has appeared in the following films:
El Fantasma Vs La Maldición de la Pirámide ("The Phantom Vs The Curse of the Pyramid") (2007)
El Fantasma Vs La Aldea de los Zoombies ("The Phantom Vs The Village of the Zombies") (2007)
El Fantasma Vs El Secreto de la Urna Maldita ("The phantom vs the secret of the cursed urn") (2008)
Personal life
Jorge Luis Alcantar Bolly was born on April 30, 1984, in Mexico City, Mexico. His father was a professional wrestler, known as the enmascarado "El Fantasma". His uncle was also a professional wrestler, known as Ángel de la Muerte () and his cousin has worked under the names Ángel de la Muerte Jr. and then Fantasma Jr. In 2007, it was revealed that Alcantar was a student at Universidad Anahuac, working on a degree in International Relations at that time. Alcantar was accompanied by his son for the Triplemanía XXVI match and was seen in the ring afterward as Alcantar was forced to remove his mask. His son was also seen at the end of his WWE Cruiserweight Championship unification ladder match, which Alcantar won, at NXT TakeOver: Stand & Deliver night 2 where he was given his father's mask and one of the title belts.Lawsuit against Lucha Underground
On February 6, 2019, it was reported that Alcantar had filed a lawsuit in California against El Rey Network and the production company Baba-G who were behind Lucha Underground. The lawsuit claimed the Lucha Underground contract "Illegally restricted" wrestlers from working in their "lawful profession" by restricting them from working for other companies while under contract with Lucha Underground, which only paid per match. Alcantar's lawyer also revealed that he had filed a class action lawsuit against Lucha Underground over the contracts that he claims are not legal under Californian law. The class action lawsuit also included Ivelisse Vélez, Joey Ryan and Melissa Cervantes looking to invalidate their contracts. The lawsuit led to Alcantar and others being released from their Lucha Underground contracts prior to it expiring. Championships and accomplishments
Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide
AAA Fusión Championship (1 time)
AAA Latin American Championship (1 time)
AAA World Cruiserweight Championship (1 time)
Copa Antonio Peña (2017)
Copa La Polar (2017)
Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre
CMLL World Trios Championship (2 times) – with Héctor Garza and La Mascara
CMLL World Middleweight Championship (1 time)
Torneo Generación 75
CMLL Trio of the year: 2009 (with Héctor Garza and La Máscara)
Lucha Underground
Lucha Underground Gift of the Gods Championship (1 time)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI ranked him #63 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2015
Toryumon Mexico
Yamaha Cup (2010) – with Angélico
WWE
NXT Cruiserweight Championship (1 time)
Interim NXT Cruiserweight Championship Tournament (2020)
Luchas de Apuestas record
Footnotes
References
External links
1984 births
Living people
Mexican male professional wrestlers
Masked wrestlers
Professional wrestlers from Mexico City
NXT/WWE Cruiserweight Champion | [
"Santos Escobar",
"Santos Escobar",
"Escobar",
"Escobar",
"Escobar",
"Escobar",
"Escobar",
"Escobar",
"Escobar",
"Santos Escobar",
"Escobar",
"Escobar",
"Escobar",
"Escobar"
] | Alcantar Bolly is a Mexican professional wrestler. He has been signed to the World Wrestling Entertainment, where he performs under the ring name "<mask>", as the leader of Legado Del Fantasma. Alcantar was an employee of Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide from 2013 to 2019. He won the Fusin Championship and the Latin American Championship in the same year. He used to work for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre. He held the CMLL World Middleweight Championship, as well as the CMLL World Trios Championship twice. The ring name King Cuerno was used by Alcantar for the Lucha Underground promotion.Alcantar worked on several shows for Impact Wrestling while under the contract of AAA. The head of the Mexico City Boxing and Professional Wrestling commission is his father. His cousin wrestles under the name "Fantasma Jr.", while his uncle works under the name "ngel de la Muerte". Alcantar began his professional wrestling career in 2000 as the masked ring character "Top Secret". He wore a black mask and gold trim to work under the name Top Secret. Alcantar revealed to the wrestling world in 2003 that he was the son of El Fantasma, after adopting a new mask and name. His father used to wear a mask that was similar to the comic book character The Phantom.His first documented match was with his father and cousin, who adopted the ring name "Fantasma Jr." They defeated Los Oficiales at an International Wrestling Revolution Group show. After leaving IWRG in 2004, Alcantar was brought to Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre. He won the CMLL World Trios Championship on two occasions, teaming with La Mascara. The three participated in a tournament for the World Trios Championship. The trio made it all the way to the finals, and then defeated Blue Panther, Dos Caras Jr., and Mstico in the finals to win the tournament and the championship. They lost their title on August 5, 2008.On January 18, 2009, they regained their title. The CMLL World Middleweight Championship was won on July 21, 2009. After the match, Averno showed his respect by celebrating the victory. The Middleweight title went to Negro Casas on February 14, 2010, after only one successful title defense. In March 2010 signs of dissention began to show as Garza walked out on the team during a trios match mistakenly thinking that one of his teammates had attacked him. He insisted that there was no tension on his team after the walk out. When he and the Rdo Plvora won the Gran Alternativa tournament, there were doubts about his loyalties.He swore that he would still be professional about it, even though he complained that his partners agreed to the match without asking him. The CMLL World Trios Championship was held on May 7, 2010 and La Mscara was the winner. The NWA World Historic Middleweight Championship was won by Dragn Rojo Jr. The tag team tournament "National Incredible Pairs Tournament" was hosted by El Hijo del Fantasma and El Felino. The team lost to Averno and La Mscara in the first round. The newest member of El Consejo, a rudo stable, was announced at the Héroes Inmortales VII event on October 18, 2013. He made it to the finals of the Antonio Pea before losing to La Parka.El Consejo stablemates Silver King and El Texano, Jr. tried to challenge Los Psycho Circus for the World Trios Championship on December 8. On August 17, 2014, at Triplemana XXII, El Hijo del Fusin won a ten-way elimination match to unify theAAA Fusin andAAA Cruiserweight Championships. The La Sociedad stable had a new leader on September 20, 2015. The World Cruiserweight Championship was won by Johnny Mundo. On October 1, 2017, at Héroes Inmortales XI, he won the Copa Antonio Pea tournament and earned a spot in the Latin American Championship. He became involved in a long running storyline with Texano Jr., initially over the Latin American champion, with a steel cage match. After the match, it was announced that the two would face off in a Luchas de Apuestas.Texano Jr. had his hair shaved off after he was defeated by El Hijo del Fantasma at the Rey de Reyes show. Triplemana XXVI was the site of a Poker de Aces match between El Hijo del Fantasma, Psycho Clown, L.A. Park, and Pentagn Jr. At Triplemana XXVI, L.A. Park won the poker match. After his loss, El Hijo del Fantasma had to reveal his real name to everyone. The Latin American Championship was held on December 12th. The Championship match was one of the featured matches of Guerra de Titanes. On March 20, he announced that he was leaving.The ring name "King Cuerno" (Spanish for "King Antler" or "King Horn"), a "big game" hunter, was started in September of 2014). On January 21, 2015, King Cuerno defeated Drago in a Last Man Standing match. On February 4, 2015, King Cuerno attacked Johnny Mundo. On the March 11, 2015 episode, Mundo defeated King Cuerno in a steel cage match. King Cuerno defeated Fénix to win the Gift of the Gods Championship. He lost the title to Fénix in a ladder match. King Cuerno was defeated in a death match.He was not seen in the third season until the finale, where he stole the gauntlet that was fought for by Muertes, Crane and Cage. The storyline began at the end of season 3 and continued into season 4, with King Cuerno and Muertes receiving a double disqualification. The feud between King Cuerno and Muertes distracted both wrestlers from their match, allowing Pentagn Dark to successfully defend the Lucha Underground Championship against the two. The last time the two faced off in the Lucha Underground Championship was in September of last year, when the rivalry between the two ended in a match. He was let go from his contract. The Latin American Xchange successfully defended the Impact Wrestling World Tag Team Championship and GFW at Impact Wrestling's Slammiversary XV show on July 2, 2017. Team Impact defeated Team AAA in a six-man tag team match at Bound for Glory.Eddie Edwards was challenged by Hijo del Fantasma for the GHC Heavyweight Championship. Brian Cage won the six-way match at Impact Wrestling Redemption. On August 14, Alcantar signed a contract with the company. A knee injury prevented Alcantar from wrestling for several months. On February 15, 2020, under his real name, he made his in-ring debut for the company, teaming with a teammate to defeat Lewis Howley and Sam Stoker on a show in Fort Pierce, Florida. On April 12, 2020, Alcantar was announced as a participant in the interim Cruiserweight Title tournament under his El Hijo del Fantasma ring name. He made it to the finals despite losing to Swerve Scott.In the finals, Legado Del Fantasma defeated Drake Maverick to become the Cruiserweight champion for the first time, as well as winning his first championship in WWE. The masked men who attacked him during the tournament reappeared the following week, along with Fantasma. As a result of the attack on <mask>, who would become a heel in the process. On the August 26 episode of NXT and TakeOver 31, he faced off against Swerve Scott, who retained the title twice. Jake Atlas was defeated in a non-title match at the Halloween Havoc. At New Years Evil, he defeated Gran Metalik to retain his title. On the February 3 episode of NXT, the Cruiserweight Title would be on the line and <mask> would win the match.On the February 24 episode of NXT, there was a no disqualification match in which <mask> would lose. On March 10, it was announced that Jordan Devlin, the original Cruiserweight Champion, who was unable to defend his title due to the COVID-19 Pandemic, would appear on NXT the following week to challenge <mask>, deciding who was the undisputed cruiserweight champion in the process. At the April 8 NXT TakeOver: Stand & Deliver, <mask> defeated Devlin in a ladder match. He lost his title to Kushida after issuing an open challenge on the April 13 episode of NXT. After he failed to regain his title from Kushida in a two out of three falls match on the May 11 episode of NXT, he and the other members of Legado del Fantasma would begin feuding with the other members of the team. On the August 24 episode of NXT, Legado Del Fantasma defeated Hit Row in a six man tag team match with the help of a debutante. Scott would be unsuccessful in his attempt to win the title on the October 12 episode.After the match, he won the North American title from Scott. The films El Hijo del Fantasma and La Maldicin de la Pirmide were both released in 2007. His father was a professional wrestler. His cousin and uncle were both professional wrestlers, known as ngel de la Muerte and ngel de la Muerte Jr. In 2007, it was revealed that Alcantar was working on a degree in International Relations at the time. As Alcantar was forced to remove his mask, he was seen in the ring with his son. His son was given a mask and one of the title belts at the end of his father's match.On February 6, it was reported that Alcantar had filed a lawsuit in California against El Rey Network and Baba-G who were behind Lucha Underground. The Lucha Underground contract restricted wrestlers from working for other companies while under contract with Lucha Underground, which only paid per match, according to the lawsuit. The lawyer for Alcantar said that he had filed a class action lawsuit against Lucha Underground over the contracts that he claims are not legal in California. They were looking to invalidate their contracts in the class action lawsuit. The lawsuit led to the release of Alcantar and others from their Lucha Underground contracts. The Lucha Libre International Fusin Championship (1 time) and the Latin American Championship (1 time) were both won by Antonio Pea. | [
"Santos Escobar",
"MaSantosEscobar",
"Escobar",
"Escobar",
"Santos Escobar",
"Escobar"
] |
891684 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serge%20Chaloff | Serge Chaloff | Serge Chaloff (November 24, 1923 – July 16, 1957) was an American jazz baritone saxophonist. The first and greatest bebop baritonist, Chaloff has been described as 'the most expressive and openly emotive baritone saxophonist jazz has ever witnessed' with a tone varying 'between a light but almost inaudible whisper to a great sonorous shout with the widest but most incredibly moving of vibratos.'
Musical education
Serge Chaloff was the son of the pianist and composer Julius Chaloff and the leading Boston piano teacher, Margaret Chaloff (known professionally as Madame Chaloff). He learned the piano from the age of six and also had clarinet lessons with Manuel Valerio of the Boston Symphony Orchestra. At the age of twelve, after hearing Harry Carney, Duke Ellington's baritonist, he taught himself to play the baritone. Chaloff later explained to Leonard Feather in an interview: 'Who could teach me? I couldn't chase [Harry] Carney around the country.'
Although he was inspired by Carney and Jack Washington, Count Basie's baritone player, Chaloff did not imitate them. According to his brother, Richard, 'he could play (baritone) like a tenor sax. The only time you knew it was a baritone was when he took it down low. He played it high....He had finger dexterity, I used to watch him, you couldn't believe the speed he played. He was precise. He was a perfectionist. He would be up in his bedroom as a teenager. He would be up by the hour to one, two, three in the morning and I'm trying to sleep and he'd go over a phrase or a piece until it was perfect...I used to put the pillow over my head, we had battles.'
From the age of fourteen, Chaloff, was sitting in at Izzy Ort's Bar & Grille a famous live music venue on Essex Street in Boston. Richard Chaloff remembered: 'He didn't have a permit to work but he was pretty tall and he went down to see Izzy Ort...and played for him and Izzy liked the sax...and he hired my brother to work nights....My mother used to pray on Sundays that that he'd make it outa there....My brother sat in with bandsmen that were in their thirties and forties...and here he was fourteen, fifteen years old and he played right along with them, and he did so well that they kept him.'
Big bands
In 1939, aged just sixteen, Chaloff joined the Tommy Reynolds band, playing tenor sax. This was followed by jobs in the bands of Dick Rogers, Shep Fields and Ina Ray Hutton. In July 1944, he joined Boyd Raeburn's short-lived big band, where he played alongside Dizzy Gillespie and Al Cohn, who became a lifelong friend. With Boyd Raeburn, in January 1945, he made his first recordings, including 'Interlude' (Dizzy Gillespie's 'A Night in Tunisia'), where his baritone can be heard in the opening section of the song.
While with Boyd Raeburn, Chaloff first heard Charlie Parker, who became his major stylistic influence. Stuart Nicholson argues that, rather than imitating Parker, Chaloff was inspired by his example 'grasping more the emotional basis for Parker's playing and using it as a starting point for his own style.' Richard Chaloff said that his brother 'palled' with (Parker) in New York. Any time he had the chance he would pal with him. He would sit in with him at night....My brother used to say that he was up till 4,5,6, in the morning with the Bird.....All the beboppers found each other out'
Chaloff then joined the big bands of Georgie Auld and then Jimmy Dorsey, who featured him on a celebrated 1946 recording of "Perdido".
Alongside his work in big bands, in 1946-7, Chaloff performed and recorded with several small bebop groups. These included Sonny Berman's' Big Eight, Bill Harris's Big Eight, the Ralph Burns Quintet, Red Rodney's Be-Boppers, and his own Serge Chaloff Sextette, which released two 78 records on the Savoy label. Three of the four tunes recorded were written and arranged by Chaloff while the fourth, 'Gabardine and Serge', was by Tiny Kahn. 'All four tunes are daredevil cute and blisteringly fast,' wrote Marc Myers. 'They showcase tight unison lines and standout solos by four of the six musicians, who are in superb form....(On 'Pumpernickel') Chaloff shows off his inexhaustible and leonine approach to the baritone sax.'
Serge Chaloff became a household name in 1947, when he joined Woody Herman's Second Herd. This was known as the 'Four Brothers Band', after the reed section, comprising Chaloff, Stan Getz, Zoot Sims, Herbie Steward, and a little later Al Cohn. He was featured on many Herman recordings, including "Four Brothers", Keen and Peachy", and had solo features in Al Cohn's "The Goof and I". and "Man, Don't Be Ridiculous." On the latter, he demonstrated 'an astonishing technical facility that was quite without precedent on the instrument.'
In 1949, Leonard Feather included Chaloff in his book Inside Be-Bop: 'Great conception and execution, good taste, clean tone and Bird-like style have made him the No.1 bop exponent of the baritone.'
Drug addiction
By 1947, Chaloff, following the example of his hero, Charlie Parker, was a heroin addict. According to Gene Lees, Chaloff was the Woody Herman band's 'chief druggist as well as its number one junkie. Serge would hang a blanket in front of the back seats of the bus and behind it would dispense the stuff to colleagues.' Whitney Balliett wrote that Chaloff had 'a satanic reputation as a drug addict whose proselytizing ways with drugs reportedly damaged more people than just himself.' Many musicians blamed him for the drug-related death of the 21-year-old trumpeter Sonny Berman on January 16, 1947.
The trumpeter Rolf Ericson, who joined Herman's band in 1950, described the impact of drugs on the band's performances: 'In the band Woody had started on the coast...late in 1947, which I heard many times, several of the guys were on narcotics and four were alcoholics. When the band started a night's work they sounded wonderful, but after the intermission, during which they used the needle or lushed, the good music was over. It was horrible to see them sitting on the stage like living dead, peering into little paper envelopes when they weren't playing.'
One night in Washington D.C., Woody Herman had a public row on the bandstand with Chaloff. Herman told Gene Lees: 'He was getting farther and farther out there, and the farther out he got the more he was sounding like a fagalah. He kept saying, ‘Hey, Woody, baby, I’m straight, man, I’m clean.’ And I shouted, ‘Just play your goddamn part and shut up!'....I was so depressed after that gig. There was this after-hours joint in Washington called the Turf and Grid....I had to fight my way through to get a drink, man. All I wanted was to have a drink and forget it. And finally I get a couple of drinks, and it’s hot in there, and I’m sweating, and somebody’s got their hands on me, and I hear, ‘Hey, Woody, baby, whadya wanna talk to me like that for? I’m straight, baby, I’m straight.’ And it's Mr. Chaloff. And then I remember an old Joe Venuti bit. We were jammed in there, packed in, and...I peed down Serge's leg. You know, man, when you do that to someone, it takes a while before it sinks in what's happened to him. And when Serge realized, he let out a howl like a banshee.'
Chaloff's bandmate, Terry Gibbs, told Ira Gitler stories of his chaotic behaviour: 'He'd fall asleep with a cigarette all the time and always burn a hole in a mattress. Always! In about twelve hotels. When we'd go to check out, the hotel owner – Serge always had his hair slicked down even though he hadn't taken a bath for three years...the manager would say, 'Mr Chaloff, you burned a hole in your mattress and...' 'How dare you. I'm the winner of the down beat and Metronome polls. How dare you?'...the manager would always say, 'I'm sorry Mr Chaloff,'...Except one time when the band got off on an air-pistol kick....Serge put a telephone book against the door and was zonked out of his bird...he got three shots at the telephone book and made the biggest hole in the door you ever saw. So when he went to the check out, the guy said, 'Mr Chaloff, it'll cost you.'...He 'how-dared' him a few times. Couldn't get away with it. He said 'Well listen, if I'm gonna pay for the door I want the door.' It was twenty four dollars. So he paid for the door. I happen to be standing close by. 'Hey Terry,' he said. 'Grab this,' and all of a sudden I found myself checking out....We're walking out of the hotel with a door.'
Al Cohn described Chaloff's driving: 'I don't know how we kept from being killed. Serge would always be drunk. He was quite a drinker. Everything he did, he did too much. So one time we're driving, after work. It's four o'clock in the morning, and he makes a left turn, and we're wondering why the road is so bumpy. Turned out he made a left turn into the railroad tracks, and we're going over the ties.'
Zoot Sims also talked about Chaloff with Gitler: 'When Serge was cleaned up, you know, straight, he could be a delight, really to be around, a lot of fun. He knew how to handle himself. He had that gift. He could get pretty raunchy when he was strung out, but he could also be charming.'
In late 1949, when many big bands were folding for economic reasons, Herman broke up the Second Herd. Fronting a new small band in Chicago in 1950, Herman told Down Beat: 'You can't imagine how good it feels to look at my present group and find them all awake. To play a set and not have someone conk out in the middle of a chorus.'
Count Basie's Octet
For part of 1950, Chaloff played in the All Star Octet of Count Basie who, like Herman, had broken up his big band. The band comprised Basie, Chaloff, Wardell Gray, Buddy DeFranco, Clark Terry, Freddie Green, Jimmy Lewis and Gus Johnson. The group recorded a handful of sides for Victor and Columbia and was also captured on airchecks.
Return to Boston
In 1950, Chaloff returned to Boston, where he played in small groups in clubs like the High Hat, Petty Lounge and Red Fox Cafe. A 1950 performance at the Celebrity Club in Providence Rhode Island, was broadcast by WRIV, and has been released on CD as Boston 1950. Playing in small groups gave Chaloff the space to develop a new style of playing. In 1951, he talked about 'getting away from the fireworks that don't mean anything' that had been a part of his style up to that point and 'adding more colour and flexibility to his work.' His friend Al Cohn observed 'It wasn't until he left the big bands that he really started to develop as a soloist.'
Chaloff was now a star, winning the Down Beat and Metronome polls every year from 1949-1953. Yet his drug use and heavy drinking made it difficult for him to keep steady work, and he gave up playing completely in 1952-3.
Chaloff's come-back began in late 1953, when the Boston DJ Bob 'The Robin' Martin offered to become his manager. Helped by Martin, Chaloff formed a new group which played at Boston's Jazzorama and Storyville nightclubs. His usual musical partners were Boots Mussulli or Charlie Mariano (alto), Herb Pomeroy (trumpet),and Dick Twardzik (piano). 'He didn't work a lot,' said Bob Martin, 'because the word was out. You had to talk somebody to give him a chance to play. When you got him a gig in a club or a hotel, he would usually mess it up. But when he did show...and got playing...it was,'Stand back, Baby!Jay Migliori, who played with Chaloff at Storyville, recalled, 'Serge was a wild character. We were working at Storyville and, if he was feeling good, he used to let his trousers gradually fall down during the cadenza of his feature, 'Body and Soul.' At the end of the cadenza, his trousers would hit the ground.'
Serge and Boots and The Fable of Mabel
In June and September 1954, Chaloff made two recording sessions for George Wein's Boston Storyville label, released as two 10" LPs. The first Serge and Boots was presented as a joint album with Boots Mussulli, with accompaniment by Russ Freeman (piano), Jimmy Woode (bass) and Buzzy Drootin (drums). Yet George Wein wrote on the sleevenote: 'An alternate title for this album could be 'Serge Returns'....Each selection in these six was chosen and arranged solely by Serge.' There were five standards and a Chaloff original, 'Zdot', with an ending 'written by a wonderful pianist and teacher, Margaret Chaloff, Serge's mother.'.
On the second Storyville album, The Fable of Mabel, Chaloff played in a nine-piece band featuring Charlie Mariano, who composed three of the five originals, and Herb Pomeroy, who provided 'Salute to Tiny', dedicated to the drummer and arranger Tiny Kahn. The ambitious title piece was composed by Dick Twardzik, who described it on the sleevenote: The Fable of Mabel was introduced to jazz circles in 1951-52 by the Serge Chaloff Quartet. Audiences found this satirical jazz legend a welcome respite from standard night club fare. In this legend, Mabel is depicted as a woman who loves men, music and her silver saxophone that played counterpoint (her own invention which proved impractical). The work is divided into three movements: first, New Orleans; second Classical; and third, Not Too Sad An Ending. The soulful baritone solo by Serge Chaloff traces Mabel's humble beginnings working railroad cars in New Orleans to her emergence as a practising crusader for the cause of Jazz. During her Paris days on the Jazz Houseboat, her struggle for self-expression is symbolized by an unusual saxophone duet Charlie Mariano and Varty Haritrounian. Mabel always said she wanted to go out blowing. She did.' The sixth track, Al Killian's 'Lets Jump', was chosen by Chaloff, who said: 'Now that we've proven how advanced we are let's show the people that we can still swing.'
Just a month after his second Storyville recording, Chaloff went through a personal crisis. In October 1954, with no money and unable to find heroin, he voluntarily entered the drug rehabilitation program at Bridgewater State Hospital. After being hospitalized for three and a half months. he was released in February 1955, finally drug free.
Boston Blow-Up!
In 1955, Bob Martin persuaded Capitol Records to record a Chaloff LP as part of their 'Stan Kenton Presents Jazz' series. Chaloff's come-back album, Boston Blow-Up! was recorded in New York City in April 1955. He was accompanied by Boots Mussulli (alto), Herb Pomeroy (tp), Ray Santisi (p), Everett Evans (b) and Jimmy Zitano (d). Pomeroy, Santisi and Zitano were already a tight unit, regularly playing at Boston's Stable Club, where they had recorded a live album Jazz in a Stable, on Transition the previous March.
The Kenton connection came about through Mussulli, who had played in his orchestra in 1944-7 and 1952-4. Richard Vacca wrote that 'Chaloff still had his bad boy reputation, and the presence of the steady and reliable Mussulli, who had recorded his own 'Kenton Presents' LP in 1954, was a great relief to Capitol.' For the recording, he composed and arranged five new tunes, including 'Bob the Robin', dedicated to Chaloff's manager. Pomeroy arranged the standards.
Chaloff described the sessions: 'When I came back on the music scene, just recently, I wanted a book of fresh sounding things. I got just what I wanted from Herb and Boots. I think their writing shows us a happy group trying to create new musical entertainment by swinging all the time. Jazz has got to swing; if it doesn't, it loses its feeling of expression. This group and these sides are about the happiest I've been involved with.'
The highlights of the album are Chaloff's powerful ballad features, "What's New?", and "Body and Soul". In the 1956 Metronome Yearbook, Bill Coss described the latter as 'an almost frightening example of Serge's form, moaning through a seemingly autobiographical portrayal of (his) Body and Soul', an enormously emotional jazz listening experience.'
Jack Tracy gave Boston Blow-Up! five stars in his Down Beat review: 'Serge, for years one of music's more chaotic personalities, has made an about face of late and is again flying right. It is evident in his playing, which has become a thing of real beauty....Chaloff offers the best display of his talents ever to be put on wax. It swings, it has heart, it has maturity—it is the long-awaited coalescence of a great talent.'Boston Blow-Up!s favourable reception brought more work for Chaloff, culminating in a performance at the Boston Arts Festival in June 1955. The show was reviewed in the Boston Herald: 'The ingenuity of Chaloff as a soloist is enormous, and his use of dissonance always conveys a sense of purpose and of form. In 'Body and Soul', he exhibited his capabilities vigorously, taking a deliberate tempo and treating the music with a lyric, delicate, tonal standpoint....the harmonies of the group are tense and the melodies resourceful and they play with a kind of controlled abandon.'
In 1956, Chaloff worked his way across the country, usually working in an alto/baritone format. In Chicago, he played alongside Lou Donaldson. In Los Angeles, he played with Sonny Stitt, in a band which also included Leroy Vinnegar, the leading West Coast bassist.
Blue Serge
Chaloff's Los Angeles appearance led to his recording a second Capitol LP there in March 1956. The drummer was Philly Joe Jones, who was in Los Angeles with the Miles Davis Quintet. Sonny Clark played piano, and Leroy Vinnegar was on bass. Chaloff described the making of the record, called Blue Serge, on the jacket blurb: 'My last record, Boston Blow-up! was one of those carefully planned things....But this time I was feeling a little more easy-going, and I decided to make a record just to blow. I picked out what I felt was the best rhythm section around and told them just to show up...no rehearsals...no tunes set...and trust to luck and musicianship....I'd never worked with these guys before except for jamming briefy with Joe Jones eight years ago, but I knew from hearing them what they could do....We were shooting for an impromptu feeling and we got it. It has more freedom and spark than anything I've recorded before. And I don't think there's a better recommendation than that when it comes to honest jazz.'
Vladimir Somosko, Chaloff's biographer, described the results: 'The rapport of the group was as moving as the music, and the net effect was of every note being in place, flawlessly executed, as if even the slightest nuance was carefully chosen for maximum aesthetic impact. This is a level of achievement beyond all but the masters, and from an ensemble that was not even a working group it takes on an aura of the miraculous.'
Stuart Nicholson analysed Chaloff's playing on "A Handful of Stars": 'Paraphrase becomes central to his performance of 'A Handful of Stars' where he scrupulously avoids stating the melody as written. At one point he plumbs the baritone for a bumptious bass note and soars to the top of the instrument's range in one breath, effortlessly concealing the remarkable technical skill required for such seemingly throw-away trifles. This sheer joy at music making seems to give his playing a life-force of its own.'
Richard Cook and Brian Morton in The Penguin Guide to Jazz declared the album 'Chaloff's masterpiece' and described it as 'vigorous and moving... "Thanks for the Memory" is overpoweringly beautiful as Chaloff creates a series of melodic variations which match the improviser's ideal of fashioning an entirely new song. 'Stairway to the Stars' is almost as fine, and the thoughtful 'The Goof and I' and 'Susie's Blues' show that Chaloff still had plenty of ideas about what could be done with a bebopper's basic materials. This important session has retained all its power.'
Spinal cancer
Chaloff continued to work on the West Coast, performing at the Starlite Club in Hollywood in May 1956. That month, while playing golf, he was struck down by severe back and abdominal pains, which paralysed his legs. Chaloff flew back to Boston, where an exploratory operation revealed that he was suffering from cancer of the spine. His brother Richard described his final illness: 'We took him down there [Massachusetts General Hospital] and they found he had lesions on his spine.....they operated and took most of the lesions away, and then he went on a series of X-ray treatments. Oh they were terrible. He must have had twenty or twenty-five in a row. And in those days they really gave you heavy doses of it. Then occasionally he got spots on the lungs'
Despite his illness, and the gruelling treatment, Chaloff continued to play live. In New York, on 18 June 1956, a wheelchair-bound Chaloff took part in a recording of Charlie Parker's "Billie's Bounce", for the Metronome All Stars album. He played alongside Zoot Sims, Art Blakey, Charles Mingus and Billy Taylor.
Chaloff's final recording, on 11 February 1957, was for The Four Brothers... Together Again! a reunion album of Woody Herman's Four Brothers for Vik, a subsidiary of RCA Victor. The Four Brothers lineup was Zoot Sims, Al Cohn, Herbie Steward and Chaloff, accompanied by Elliot Lawrence (piano), Buddy Jones (bass) and Don Lamond (drums). On the later recordings, Charlie O'Kane was brought in to play baritone on the section parts, so Chaloff could preserve his strength for the solos. Here his playing was as strong as ever, especially on "Aged in Wood", written as a solo vehicle for Chaloff by Al Cohn.
Richard Chaloff: 'He took a wheelchair down to make that recording, you know. They didn't think he was going to make it. I heard stories from people there. But when he stood up and played, you never knew he was a sick fellow. He played dynamic. If you listen to the record he sounds like the old Serge. He pulled himself together. I don't know how he did it. But he had tremendous drive, tremendous stamina.'
Don Gold reviewed the album in Down Beat: 'This last session before his death represents a fervent expression of a fatally ill man. It is a kind of significant farewell in the language he knew best.'
Chaloff made his last live appearances at The Stable Club on Huntington Avenue in Boston the following May. Interviewed in 1993, Charlie 'the Whale' Johnson recalled Chaloff's final performances: 'I remember pushing Chaloff's wheelchair into The Stable for his last appearances there. He was in bad shape but could still really play, standing leaning on a pillar. However, he didn't have much stamina. He couldn't really finish the gig. I also had to go get pot and booze for him. He was still using these steadily, even in the hospital at the end.'
On 15 July 1957, the dying Chaloff was admitted to Massachusetts General Hospital. According to Richard Chaloff, he took his horn and pet monkey with him: 'He still had the kinkajou monkey Mother got him to keep him company. And he had his horn. I was told they wheeled him into a vacant operating theatre so he could practise, and that was his last gig, his last public performance, solo baritone sax alone in an operating theatre. Nurses, doctors and even patients were standing outside and listening. He fought it to the end. Mother would visit him and urge him on, saying, 'You can beat it' and things. But that last day, they brought a priest to visit him, and the priest saw Serge in bed looking so wasted, and the priest thought he was supposed to perform the last rites. Serge woke up in the middle of it and really panicked, sliding away from him and yelling 'No! No! Get out!' But after that he seemed to give up. I think that's when he realized it was all over.'
Serge Chaloff died the next day, at the age of 33.
He is buried in the Forest Hills Cemetery, Jamaica Plain, Suffolk County, Massachusetts.
Discography
Boston 1950 Uptown Records, 1994
Serge and Boots, Storyville LP 310 1954
The Fable of Mabel Storyville LP 317 1955
Boston Blow–Up! Capitol Records 1955
Blue Serge Capitol Records1956
Metronome All-Stars 1956 Verve 1956
The Four Brothers... Together Again! Vik, 1957
References
Further reading
For a list of Chaloff's recordings, vid. Vladimir Simosko, Serge Chaloff, an Appreciation and Discography'', 3rd ed., rev., Montréal Vintage Music Society, 1991, .
1923 births
1957 deaths
American jazz baritone saxophonists
Bebop saxophonists
Count Basie Orchestra members
Jazz baritone saxophonists
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
Musicians from Boston
Deaths from spinal cancer
20th-century American musicians
20th-century saxophonists
Jazz musicians from Massachusetts
Deaths from cancer in Massachusetts
Neurological disease deaths in Massachusetts | [
"Serge Chaloff (November 24, 1923 – July 16, 1957) was an American jazz baritone saxophonist.",
"The first and greatest bebop baritonist, Chaloff has been described as 'the most expressive and openly emotive baritone saxophonist jazz has ever witnessed' with a tone varying 'between a light but almost inaudible whisper to a great sonorous shout with the widest but most incredibly moving of vibratos.'",
"Musical education\nSerge Chaloff was the son of the pianist and composer Julius Chaloff and the leading Boston piano teacher, Margaret Chaloff (known professionally as Madame Chaloff).",
"He learned the piano from the age of six and also had clarinet lessons with Manuel Valerio of the Boston Symphony Orchestra.",
"At the age of twelve, after hearing Harry Carney, Duke Ellington's baritonist, he taught himself to play the baritone.",
"Chaloff later explained to Leonard Feather in an interview: 'Who could teach me?",
"I couldn't chase [Harry] Carney around the country.'",
"Although he was inspired by Carney and Jack Washington, Count Basie's baritone player, Chaloff did not imitate them.",
"According to his brother, Richard, 'he could play (baritone) like a tenor sax.",
"The only time you knew it was a baritone was when he took it down low.",
"He played it high....He had finger dexterity, I used to watch him, you couldn't believe the speed he played.",
"He was precise.",
"He was a perfectionist.",
"He would be up in his bedroom as a teenager.",
"He would be up by the hour to one, two, three in the morning and I'm trying to sleep and he'd go over a phrase or a piece until it was perfect...I used to put the pillow over my head, we had battles.'",
"From the age of fourteen, Chaloff, was sitting in at Izzy Ort's Bar & Grille a famous live music venue on Essex Street in Boston.",
"Richard Chaloff remembered: 'He didn't have a permit to work but he was pretty tall and he went down to see Izzy Ort...and played for him and Izzy liked the sax...and he hired my brother to work nights....My mother used to pray on Sundays that that he'd make it outa there....My brother sat in with bandsmen that were in their thirties and forties...and here he was fourteen, fifteen years old and he played right along with them, and he did so well that they kept him.'",
"Big bands\nIn 1939, aged just sixteen, Chaloff joined the Tommy Reynolds band, playing tenor sax.",
"This was followed by jobs in the bands of Dick Rogers, Shep Fields and Ina Ray Hutton.",
"In July 1944, he joined Boyd Raeburn's short-lived big band, where he played alongside Dizzy Gillespie and Al Cohn, who became a lifelong friend.",
"With Boyd Raeburn, in January 1945, he made his first recordings, including 'Interlude' (Dizzy Gillespie's 'A Night in Tunisia'), where his baritone can be heard in the opening section of the song.",
"While with Boyd Raeburn, Chaloff first heard Charlie Parker, who became his major stylistic influence.",
"Stuart Nicholson argues that, rather than imitating Parker, Chaloff was inspired by his example 'grasping more the emotional basis for Parker's playing and using it as a starting point for his own style.'",
"Richard Chaloff said that his brother 'palled' with (Parker) in New York.",
"Any time he had the chance he would pal with him.",
"He would sit in with him at night....My brother used to say that he was up till 4,5,6, in the morning with the Bird.....All the beboppers found each other out'\n\nChaloff then joined the big bands of Georgie Auld and then Jimmy Dorsey, who featured him on a celebrated 1946 recording of \"Perdido\".",
"Alongside his work in big bands, in 1946-7, Chaloff performed and recorded with several small bebop groups.",
"These included Sonny Berman's' Big Eight, Bill Harris's Big Eight, the Ralph Burns Quintet, Red Rodney's Be-Boppers, and his own Serge Chaloff Sextette, which released two 78 records on the Savoy label.",
"Three of the four tunes recorded were written and arranged by Chaloff while the fourth, 'Gabardine and Serge', was by Tiny Kahn.",
"'All four tunes are daredevil cute and blisteringly fast,' wrote Marc Myers.",
"'They showcase tight unison lines and standout solos by four of the six musicians, who are in superb form....(On 'Pumpernickel') Chaloff shows off his inexhaustible and leonine approach to the baritone sax.'",
"Serge Chaloff became a household name in 1947, when he joined Woody Herman's Second Herd.",
"This was known as the 'Four Brothers Band', after the reed section, comprising Chaloff, Stan Getz, Zoot Sims, Herbie Steward, and a little later Al Cohn.",
"He was featured on many Herman recordings, including \"Four Brothers\", Keen and Peachy\", and had solo features in Al Cohn's \"The Goof and I\".",
"and \"Man, Don't Be Ridiculous.\"",
"On the latter, he demonstrated 'an astonishing technical facility that was quite without precedent on the instrument.'",
"In 1949, Leonard Feather included Chaloff in his book Inside Be-Bop: 'Great conception and execution, good taste, clean tone and Bird-like style have made him the No.1 bop exponent of the baritone.'",
"Drug addiction\nBy 1947, Chaloff, following the example of his hero, Charlie Parker, was a heroin addict.",
"According to Gene Lees, Chaloff was the Woody Herman band's 'chief druggist as well as its number one junkie.",
"Serge would hang a blanket in front of the back seats of the bus and behind it would dispense the stuff to colleagues.'",
"Whitney Balliett wrote that Chaloff had 'a satanic reputation as a drug addict whose proselytizing ways with drugs reportedly damaged more people than just himself.'",
"Many musicians blamed him for the drug-related death of the 21-year-old trumpeter Sonny Berman on January 16, 1947.",
"The trumpeter Rolf Ericson, who joined Herman's band in 1950, described the impact of drugs on the band's performances: 'In the band Woody had started on the coast...late in 1947, which I heard many times, several of the guys were on narcotics and four were alcoholics.",
"When the band started a night's work they sounded wonderful, but after the intermission, during which they used the needle or lushed, the good music was over.",
"It was horrible to see them sitting on the stage like living dead, peering into little paper envelopes when they weren't playing.'",
"One night in Washington D.C., Woody Herman had a public row on the bandstand with Chaloff.",
"Herman told Gene Lees: 'He was getting farther and farther out there, and the farther out he got the more he was sounding like a fagalah.",
"He kept saying, ‘Hey, Woody, baby, I’m straight, man, I’m clean.’ And I shouted, ‘Just play your goddamn part and shut up!",
"'....I was so depressed after that gig.",
"There was this after-hours joint in Washington called the Turf and Grid....I had to fight my way through to get a drink, man.",
"All I wanted was to have a drink and forget it.",
"And finally I get a couple of drinks, and it’s hot in there, and I’m sweating, and somebody’s got their hands on me, and I hear, ‘Hey, Woody, baby, whadya wanna talk to me like that for?",
"I’m straight, baby, I’m straight.’ And it's Mr. Chaloff.",
"And then I remember an old Joe Venuti bit.",
"We were jammed in there, packed in, and...I peed down Serge's leg.",
"You know, man, when you do that to someone, it takes a while before it sinks in what's happened to him.",
"And when Serge realized, he let out a howl like a banshee.'",
"Chaloff's bandmate, Terry Gibbs, told Ira Gitler stories of his chaotic behaviour: 'He'd fall asleep with a cigarette all the time and always burn a hole in a mattress.",
"Always!",
"In about twelve hotels.",
"When we'd go to check out, the hotel owner – Serge always had his hair slicked down even though he hadn't taken a bath for three years...the manager would say, 'Mr Chaloff, you burned a hole in your mattress and...' 'How dare you.",
"I'm the winner of the down beat and Metronome polls.",
"How dare you?",
"'...the manager would always say, 'I'm sorry Mr Chaloff,'...Except one time when the band got off on an air-pistol kick....Serge put a telephone book against the door and was zonked out of his bird...he got three shots at the telephone book and made the biggest hole in the door you ever saw.",
"So when he went to the check out, the guy said, 'Mr Chaloff, it'll cost you.",
"'...He 'how-dared' him a few times.",
"Couldn't get away with it.",
"He said 'Well listen, if I'm gonna pay for the door I want the door.'",
"It was twenty four dollars.",
"So he paid for the door.",
"I happen to be standing close by.",
"'Hey Terry,' he said.",
"'Grab this,' and all of a sudden I found myself checking out....We're walking out of the hotel with a door.'",
"Al Cohn described Chaloff's driving: 'I don't know how we kept from being killed.",
"Serge would always be drunk.",
"He was quite a drinker.",
"Everything he did, he did too much.",
"So one time we're driving, after work.",
"It's four o'clock in the morning, and he makes a left turn, and we're wondering why the road is so bumpy.",
"Turned out he made a left turn into the railroad tracks, and we're going over the ties.'",
"Zoot Sims also talked about Chaloff with Gitler: 'When Serge was cleaned up, you know, straight, he could be a delight, really to be around, a lot of fun.",
"He knew how to handle himself.",
"He had that gift.",
"He could get pretty raunchy when he was strung out, but he could also be charming.'",
"In late 1949, when many big bands were folding for economic reasons, Herman broke up the Second Herd.",
"Fronting a new small band in Chicago in 1950, Herman told Down Beat: 'You can't imagine how good it feels to look at my present group and find them all awake.",
"To play a set and not have someone conk out in the middle of a chorus.'",
"Count Basie's Octet\nFor part of 1950, Chaloff played in the All Star Octet of Count Basie who, like Herman, had broken up his big band.",
"The band comprised Basie, Chaloff, Wardell Gray, Buddy DeFranco, Clark Terry, Freddie Green, Jimmy Lewis and Gus Johnson.",
"The group recorded a handful of sides for Victor and Columbia and was also captured on airchecks.",
"Return to Boston\nIn 1950, Chaloff returned to Boston, where he played in small groups in clubs like the High Hat, Petty Lounge and Red Fox Cafe.",
"A 1950 performance at the Celebrity Club in Providence Rhode Island, was broadcast by WRIV, and has been released on CD as Boston 1950.",
"Playing in small groups gave Chaloff the space to develop a new style of playing.",
"In 1951, he talked about 'getting away from the fireworks that don't mean anything' that had been a part of his style up to that point and 'adding more colour and flexibility to his work.'",
"His friend Al Cohn observed 'It wasn't until he left the big bands that he really started to develop as a soloist.'",
"Chaloff was now a star, winning the Down Beat and Metronome polls every year from 1949-1953.",
"Yet his drug use and heavy drinking made it difficult for him to keep steady work, and he gave up playing completely in 1952-3.",
"Chaloff's come-back began in late 1953, when the Boston DJ Bob 'The Robin' Martin offered to become his manager.",
"Helped by Martin, Chaloff formed a new group which played at Boston's Jazzorama and Storyville nightclubs.",
"His usual musical partners were Boots Mussulli or Charlie Mariano (alto), Herb Pomeroy (trumpet),and Dick Twardzik (piano).",
"'He didn't work a lot,' said Bob Martin, 'because the word was out.",
"You had to talk somebody to give him a chance to play.",
"When you got him a gig in a club or a hotel, he would usually mess it up.",
"But when he did show...and got playing...it was,'Stand back, Baby!Jay Migliori, who played with Chaloff at Storyville, recalled, 'Serge was a wild character.",
"We were working at Storyville and, if he was feeling good, he used to let his trousers gradually fall down during the cadenza of his feature, 'Body and Soul.'",
"At the end of the cadenza, his trousers would hit the ground.'",
"Serge and Boots and The Fable of Mabel\nIn June and September 1954, Chaloff made two recording sessions for George Wein's Boston Storyville label, released as two 10\" LPs.",
"The first Serge and Boots was presented as a joint album with Boots Mussulli, with accompaniment by Russ Freeman (piano), Jimmy Woode (bass) and Buzzy Drootin (drums).",
"Yet George Wein wrote on the sleevenote: 'An alternate title for this album could be 'Serge Returns'....Each selection in these six was chosen and arranged solely by Serge.'",
"There were five standards and a Chaloff original, 'Zdot', with an ending 'written by a wonderful pianist and teacher, Margaret Chaloff, Serge's mother.'.",
"On the second Storyville album, The Fable of Mabel, Chaloff played in a nine-piece band featuring Charlie Mariano, who composed three of the five originals, and Herb Pomeroy, who provided 'Salute to Tiny', dedicated to the drummer and arranger Tiny Kahn.",
"The ambitious title piece was composed by Dick Twardzik, who described it on the sleevenote: The Fable of Mabel was introduced to jazz circles in 1951-52 by the Serge Chaloff Quartet.",
"Audiences found this satirical jazz legend a welcome respite from standard night club fare.",
"In this legend, Mabel is depicted as a woman who loves men, music and her silver saxophone that played counterpoint (her own invention which proved impractical).",
"The work is divided into three movements: first, New Orleans; second Classical; and third, Not Too Sad An Ending.",
"The soulful baritone solo by Serge Chaloff traces Mabel's humble beginnings working railroad cars in New Orleans to her emergence as a practising crusader for the cause of Jazz.",
"During her Paris days on the Jazz Houseboat, her struggle for self-expression is symbolized by an unusual saxophone duet Charlie Mariano and Varty Haritrounian.",
"Mabel always said she wanted to go out blowing.",
"She did.'",
"The sixth track, Al Killian's 'Lets Jump', was chosen by Chaloff, who said: 'Now that we've proven how advanced we are let's show the people that we can still swing.'",
"Just a month after his second Storyville recording, Chaloff went through a personal crisis.",
"In October 1954, with no money and unable to find heroin, he voluntarily entered the drug rehabilitation program at Bridgewater State Hospital.",
"After being hospitalized for three and a half months.",
"he was released in February 1955, finally drug free.",
"Boston Blow-Up!",
"In 1955, Bob Martin persuaded Capitol Records to record a Chaloff LP as part of their 'Stan Kenton Presents Jazz' series.",
"Chaloff's come-back album, Boston Blow-Up!",
"was recorded in New York City in April 1955.",
"He was accompanied by Boots Mussulli (alto), Herb Pomeroy (tp), Ray Santisi (p), Everett Evans (b) and Jimmy Zitano (d).",
"Pomeroy, Santisi and Zitano were already a tight unit, regularly playing at Boston's Stable Club, where they had recorded a live album Jazz in a Stable, on Transition the previous March.",
"The Kenton connection came about through Mussulli, who had played in his orchestra in 1944-7 and 1952-4.",
"Richard Vacca wrote that 'Chaloff still had his bad boy reputation, and the presence of the steady and reliable Mussulli, who had recorded his own 'Kenton Presents' LP in 1954, was a great relief to Capitol.'",
"For the recording, he composed and arranged five new tunes, including 'Bob the Robin', dedicated to Chaloff's manager.",
"Pomeroy arranged the standards.",
"Chaloff described the sessions: 'When I came back on the music scene, just recently, I wanted a book of fresh sounding things.",
"I got just what I wanted from Herb and Boots.",
"I think their writing shows us a happy group trying to create new musical entertainment by swinging all the time.",
"Jazz has got to swing; if it doesn't, it loses its feeling of expression.",
"This group and these sides are about the happiest I've been involved with.'",
"The highlights of the album are Chaloff's powerful ballad features, \"What's New?",
"\", and \"Body and Soul\".",
"In the 1956 Metronome Yearbook, Bill Coss described the latter as 'an almost frightening example of Serge's form, moaning through a seemingly autobiographical portrayal of (his) Body and Soul', an enormously emotional jazz listening experience.'",
"Jack Tracy gave Boston Blow-Up!",
"five stars in his Down Beat review: 'Serge, for years one of music's more chaotic personalities, has made an about face of late and is again flying right.",
"It is evident in his playing, which has become a thing of real beauty....Chaloff offers the best display of his talents ever to be put on wax.",
"It swings, it has heart, it has maturity—it is the long-awaited coalescence of a great talent.",
"'Boston Blow-Up!s favourable reception brought more work for Chaloff, culminating in a performance at the Boston Arts Festival in June 1955.",
"The show was reviewed in the Boston Herald: 'The ingenuity of Chaloff as a soloist is enormous, and his use of dissonance always conveys a sense of purpose and of form.",
"In 'Body and Soul', he exhibited his capabilities vigorously, taking a deliberate tempo and treating the music with a lyric, delicate, tonal standpoint....the harmonies of the group are tense and the melodies resourceful and they play with a kind of controlled abandon.'",
"In 1956, Chaloff worked his way across the country, usually working in an alto/baritone format.",
"In Chicago, he played alongside Lou Donaldson.",
"In Los Angeles, he played with Sonny Stitt, in a band which also included Leroy Vinnegar, the leading West Coast bassist.",
"Blue Serge\n\nChaloff's Los Angeles appearance led to his recording a second Capitol LP there in March 1956.",
"The drummer was Philly Joe Jones, who was in Los Angeles with the Miles Davis Quintet.",
"Sonny Clark played piano, and Leroy Vinnegar was on bass.",
"Chaloff described the making of the record, called Blue Serge, on the jacket blurb: 'My last record, Boston Blow-up!",
"was one of those carefully planned things....But this time I was feeling a little more easy-going, and I decided to make a record just to blow.",
"I picked out what I felt was the best rhythm section around and told them just to show up...no rehearsals...no tunes set...and trust to luck and musicianship....I'd never worked with these guys before except for jamming briefy with Joe Jones eight years ago, but I knew from hearing them what they could do....We were shooting for an impromptu feeling and we got it.",
"It has more freedom and spark than anything I've recorded before.",
"And I don't think there's a better recommendation than that when it comes to honest jazz.'",
"Vladimir Somosko, Chaloff's biographer, described the results: 'The rapport of the group was as moving as the music, and the net effect was of every note being in place, flawlessly executed, as if even the slightest nuance was carefully chosen for maximum aesthetic impact.",
"This is a level of achievement beyond all but the masters, and from an ensemble that was not even a working group it takes on an aura of the miraculous.'",
"Stuart Nicholson analysed Chaloff's playing on \"A Handful of Stars\": 'Paraphrase becomes central to his performance of 'A Handful of Stars' where he scrupulously avoids stating the melody as written.",
"At one point he plumbs the baritone for a bumptious bass note and soars to the top of the instrument's range in one breath, effortlessly concealing the remarkable technical skill required for such seemingly throw-away trifles.",
"This sheer joy at music making seems to give his playing a life-force of its own.'",
"Richard Cook and Brian Morton in The Penguin Guide to Jazz declared the album 'Chaloff's masterpiece' and described it as 'vigorous and moving... \"Thanks for the Memory\" is overpoweringly beautiful as Chaloff creates a series of melodic variations which match the improviser's ideal of fashioning an entirely new song.",
"'Stairway to the Stars' is almost as fine, and the thoughtful 'The Goof and I' and 'Susie's Blues' show that Chaloff still had plenty of ideas about what could be done with a bebopper's basic materials.",
"This important session has retained all its power.'",
"Spinal cancer\nChaloff continued to work on the West Coast, performing at the Starlite Club in Hollywood in May 1956.",
"That month, while playing golf, he was struck down by severe back and abdominal pains, which paralysed his legs.",
"Chaloff flew back to Boston, where an exploratory operation revealed that he was suffering from cancer of the spine.",
"His brother Richard described his final illness: 'We took him down there [Massachusetts General Hospital] and they found he had lesions on his spine.....they operated and took most of the lesions away, and then he went on a series of X-ray treatments.",
"Oh they were terrible.",
"He must have had twenty or twenty-five in a row.",
"And in those days they really gave you heavy doses of it.",
"Then occasionally he got spots on the lungs'\n\nDespite his illness, and the gruelling treatment, Chaloff continued to play live.",
"In New York, on 18 June 1956, a wheelchair-bound Chaloff took part in a recording of Charlie Parker's \"Billie's Bounce\", for the Metronome All Stars album.",
"He played alongside Zoot Sims, Art Blakey, Charles Mingus and Billy Taylor.",
"Chaloff's final recording, on 11 February 1957, was for The Four Brothers...",
"Together Again!",
"a reunion album of Woody Herman's Four Brothers for Vik, a subsidiary of RCA Victor.",
"The Four Brothers lineup was Zoot Sims, Al Cohn, Herbie Steward and Chaloff, accompanied by Elliot Lawrence (piano), Buddy Jones (bass) and Don Lamond (drums).",
"On the later recordings, Charlie O'Kane was brought in to play baritone on the section parts, so Chaloff could preserve his strength for the solos.",
"Here his playing was as strong as ever, especially on \"Aged in Wood\", written as a solo vehicle for Chaloff by Al Cohn.",
"Richard Chaloff: 'He took a wheelchair down to make that recording, you know.",
"They didn't think he was going to make it.",
"I heard stories from people there.",
"But when he stood up and played, you never knew he was a sick fellow.",
"He played dynamic.",
"If you listen to the record he sounds like the old Serge.",
"He pulled himself together.",
"I don't know how he did it.",
"But he had tremendous drive, tremendous stamina.'",
"Don Gold reviewed the album in Down Beat: 'This last session before his death represents a fervent expression of a fatally ill man.",
"It is a kind of significant farewell in the language he knew best.'",
"Chaloff made his last live appearances at The Stable Club on Huntington Avenue in Boston the following May.",
"Interviewed in 1993, Charlie 'the Whale' Johnson recalled Chaloff's final performances: 'I remember pushing Chaloff's wheelchair into The Stable for his last appearances there.",
"He was in bad shape but could still really play, standing leaning on a pillar.",
"However, he didn't have much stamina.",
"He couldn't really finish the gig.",
"I also had to go get pot and booze for him.",
"He was still using these steadily, even in the hospital at the end.'",
"On 15 July 1957, the dying Chaloff was admitted to Massachusetts General Hospital.",
"According to Richard Chaloff, he took his horn and pet monkey with him: 'He still had the kinkajou monkey Mother got him to keep him company.",
"And he had his horn.",
"I was told they wheeled him into a vacant operating theatre so he could practise, and that was his last gig, his last public performance, solo baritone sax alone in an operating theatre.",
"Nurses, doctors and even patients were standing outside and listening.",
"He fought it to the end.",
"Mother would visit him and urge him on, saying, 'You can beat it' and things.",
"But that last day, they brought a priest to visit him, and the priest saw Serge in bed looking so wasted, and the priest thought he was supposed to perform the last rites.",
"Serge woke up in the middle of it and really panicked, sliding away from him and yelling 'No!",
"No!",
"Get out!'",
"But after that he seemed to give up.",
"I think that's when he realized it was all over.'",
"Serge Chaloff died the next day, at the age of 33.",
"He is buried in the Forest Hills Cemetery, Jamaica Plain, Suffolk County, Massachusetts.",
"Discography\n Boston 1950 Uptown Records, 1994\n Serge and Boots, Storyville LP 310 1954\n The Fable of Mabel Storyville LP 317 1955\n Boston Blow–Up!",
"Capitol Records 1955 \n Blue Serge Capitol Records1956\n Metronome All-Stars 1956 Verve 1956\n The Four Brothers...",
"Together Again!",
"Vik, 1957\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading\nFor a list of Chaloff's recordings, vid.",
"Vladimir Simosko, Serge Chaloff, an Appreciation and Discography'', 3rd ed., rev., Montréal Vintage Music Society, 1991, .",
"1923 births\n1957 deaths\nAmerican jazz baritone saxophonists\nBebop saxophonists\nCount Basie Orchestra members\nJazz baritone saxophonists\nAmerican people of Russian-Jewish descent\nMusicians from Boston\nDeaths from spinal cancer\n20th-century American musicians\n20th-century saxophonists\nJazz musicians from Massachusetts\nDeaths from cancer in Massachusetts\nNeurological disease deaths in Massachusetts"
] | [
"Serge Chaloff was an American jazz saxophonist.",
"The first and greatest bebop baritonist, Chaloff, has been described as the most expression and openly emotional baritone saxophonist jazz has ever seen, with a tone varying between a light but almost inaudible whisper to a great sonorous shout with the widest but most moving of vibrato.",
"Serge Chaloff was the son of the pianist and composer Julius Chaloff and the leading Boston piano teacher, Margaret Chaloff.",
"He learned to play the piano and clarinet when he was six years old.",
"He learned to play the baritone at the age of twelve after hearing Harry Carney.",
"In an interview with Leonard Feather, he asked who could teach him.",
"I couldn't follow him around the country.",
"Although he was inspired by them, he did not imitate them.",
"His brother said that he could play thebaritone like a sax.",
"When he took it down, you didn't know it was a baritone.",
"I used to watch him play and I couldn't believe how fast he played.",
"He was precise.",
"He wanted things to be perfect.",
"He was up in his bedroom as a teenager.",
"He would be up by the hour to one, two, three in the morning and I'm trying to sleep and he'd go over a phrase or a piece until it was perfect...I used to put the pillow over my head.",
"In Boston, at the age of fourteen, Chaloff was sitting in at the famous live music venue on Essex Street.",
"He didn't have a permit to work but he was tall and he went down to see Izzy Ort, who liked the sax, and he hired my brother to work nights.",
"He joined the Tommy Reynolds band at the age of sixteen.",
"There were jobs in the bands of Dick Rogers and Shep Fields.",
"He joined the short-lived big band of Boyd Raeburn in July 1944 and became a lifelong friend.",
"His voice can be heard in the opening section of 'A Night in Tunisia', a song he made his first recordings with.",
"The first person that he heard influence him was Charlie Parker.",
"Stuart Nicholson argues that, rather than imitating Parker, Chaloff was inspired by his example to use it as a starting point for his own style.",
"Richard said that his brother was in New York.",
"He would befriend him whenever he had the chance.",
"He would sit in with him at night and my brother used to say that he was up until 4 in the morning with the Bird.",
"In 1946-7, he recorded with several small bebop groups.",
"Sonny Berman's Big Eight, Bill Harris's Big Eight, the Ralph Burns Quintet, Red Rodney's Be-Boppers, and Serge Chaloff Sextette all had records on the Savoy label.",
"Three of the four tunes recorded were written and arranged by Chaloff while the fourth, 'Gabardine and Serge', was written and arranged by Tiny Kahn.",
"The four tunes are cute and fast.",
"On 'Pumpernickel', they showcase tight unison lines and stellar solo performances by four of the six musicians.",
"Serge Chaloff became a household name when he joined Woody Herman's Second Herd.",
"After the reed section, this was known as the Four Brothers Band.",
"He had solo features in \"The Goof and I\" and was featured on many Herman recordings.",
"\"Man, don't be ridiculous.\"",
"He showed a technical facility that was without precedent on the instrument.",
"In 1949, Leonard Feather wrote a book called Inside Be-Bop, in which he said that Chaloff was the No.1 bop exponent of the baritone.",
"By 1947, he was a heroin addictionTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkia",
"According to Gene Lees, Chaloff was the Woody Herman band's number one junkie.",
"Serge put a blanket in front of the back seats of the bus and behind it, he would give the stuff to his colleagues.",
"Whitney Balliett wrote that Chaloff had a reputation as a drug user who damaged more people than himself.",
"The death of Sonny Berman was blamed on him by many musicians.",
"The trumpeter Rolf Ericson, who joined Herman's band in 1950, described the impact of drugs on the band's performances.",
"When the band started their work, they sounded great, but after the break, they used the needle or lushed the music.",
"It was terrible to see them sitting on the stage, staring into little paper envelopes when they weren't playing.",
"There was a public row on the bandstand in Washington D.C.",
"Herman told Gene Lees that he was getting farther and farther out.",
"I shouted, \"Just play your goddamn part and shut up!\" after he kept saying, \"Hey, Woody, baby, I'm straight, man, I'm clean.\"",
"I was depressed after that gig.",
"I had to fight my way through the establishment to get a drink.",
"I wanted to have a drink and forget.",
"I get a couple of drinks, and it's hot in there, and I'm sweating, and I hear Woody say, \"Hey, baby, whadya wanna talk to me like that for?\"",
"I'm straight, baby, I'm straight.",
"I remember an old Joe Venuti bit.",
"We were packed in and I peed on Serge's leg.",
"When you do that to someone, it takes a while for it to sink in.",
"Serge let out a howl like a banshee when he realized.",
"He would fall asleep with a cigarette in his mouth and burn a hole in a mattress.",
"Always!",
"There are about twelve hotels.",
"Serge, the hotel owner, always had his hair slicked down, even though he hadn't taken a bath in three years, and the manager would say, 'How dare you.'",
"I'm the winner of the Metronome polls.",
"How dare you?",
"Serge put a telephone book against the door and was zonked out of his bird when the band got off on an air-pistol kick.",
"He went to the check out and the guy said it would cost him.",
"He \"dared\" him a few times.",
"Couldn't get away with it.",
"If I'm going to pay for the door, I want the door.",
"It was twenty four dollars.",
"He paid for the door.",
"I'm standing close by.",
"He said 'Hey Terry'.",
"We're walking out of the hotel with a door after I grabbed this.",
"I don't know how we kept from being killed.",
"Serge was always drunk.",
"He drank quite a bit.",
"He did too much.",
"We're driving after work.",
"We're wondering why the road is so bumpy when he makes a left turn at four o'clock in the morning.",
"He made a left turn into the railroad tracks.",
"When Serge was cleaned up, he could be a delight, really to be around, a lot of fun.",
"He knew how to deal with himself.",
"He had a gift.",
"When he was strung out, he could get pretty raunchy, but he could also be charming.",
"Herman broke up the Second Herd when many big bands folded for economic reasons.",
"In 1950, Herman was fronting a new small band in Chicago and told Down Beat: \"You can't imagine how good it feels to look at my present group and find them all awake.\"",
"To not have someone conk out in the middle of a chorus.",
"The All Star Octet of Count Basie had a big band that was broken up by Herman.",
"The band consisted of Wardell Gray, Buddy DeFranco, Clark Terry, Freddie Green, Jimmy Lewis, and Gus Johnson.",
"The group recorded a few sides for Victor and Columbia.",
"In Boston, he played in small groups in clubs like the High Hat and the Red Fox Cafe.",
"A 1950 performance at the Celebrity Club in Providence Rhode Island was broadcast by WRIV and has been released on CD as Boston 1950.",
"The space to develop a new style of playing was given by playing in small groups.",
"He talked about \"getting away from the fireworks that don't mean anything\" and \"adding more colour and flexibility to his work\" in 1951.",
"It wasn't until he left the big bands that he really started to develop as a soloist.",
"Every year from 1949-1953, Chaloff won the Down Beat and Metronome polls.",
"He gave up playing in 1952 because of his drug use and heavy drinking.",
"In late 1953, Boston DJ Bob 'The Robin' Martin offered to become Chaloff's manager.",
"The new group played at Boston's Jazzorama and Storyville nightclubs.",
"His regular musical partners were Boots Mussulli, Charlie Mariano,Herb Pomeroy, and Dick Twardzik.",
"Bob Martin said that he didn't work a lot because the word was out.",
"To give him a chance to play, you had to talk to someone.",
"He tends to mess up when he's in a club or a hotel.",
"Jay Migliori, who played with Chaloff at Storyville, said that Serge was a wild character.",
"We were working at Storyville and he used to let his trousers fall down if he was feeling good.",
"His trousers would hit the ground.",
"Two recordings were made for George Wein's Boston Storyville label in June and September of 1954.",
"The first Serge and Boots was a joint album with accompaniment by Jimmy Woode and Buzzy Drootin.",
"George Wein wrote on the sleevenote that there could be an alternate title for the album.",
"There were five standards and a Chaloff original, 'Zdot', with an ending written by Serge's mother.",
"The second Storyville album featured a nine-piece band featuring Charlie Mariano, who composed three of the five originals, andHerb Pomeroy, who provided 'Salute to Tiny', dedicated to the drummer and arranger Tiny Kahn.",
"Dick Twardzik wrote the title piece, which he described on the sleevenote.",
"The jazz legend was a welcome respite from the standard night club fare.",
"In this legend, Mabel is depicted as a woman who loves men, music and her silver saxophone that played counterpoint, but her own invention proved impractical.",
"New Orleans is the first movement, followed by Classical and Not Too Sad An Ending.",
"Serge Chaloff's solo tells the story of Mabel's humble beginnings working railroad cars in New Orleans to her emergence as a Jazz activist.",
"During her Paris days on the Jazz Houseboat, she had an unusual saxophone duet with Varty Haritrounian.",
"She always wanted to blow.",
"She did.",
"\"Now that we've proven how advanced we are let's show the people that we can still swing.\"",
"After his second Storyville recording, he went through a personal crisis.",
"He entered the drug rehabilitation program at the state hospital because he couldn't find heroin.",
"After spending three and a half months in the hospital.",
"He was drug free in February 1955.",
"Boston Blow-Up!",
"Bob Martin persuaded Capitol Records to record a record in 1955.",
"Boston Blow-Up! is Chaloff's comeback album.",
"In 1955, it was recorded in New York City.",
"He was accompanied by a number of people.",
"At Boston's Stable Club, where they had recorded a live album Jazz in a Stable, Pomeroy, Santisi, and Zitano were already a tight unit.",
"Mussulli was in the orchestra that played in 1944-7 and 1952-4.",
"The presence of steady and reliable Mussulli, who had recorded his own 'Kenton Presents'LP in 1954, was a great relief to Capitol, according to Richard Vacca.",
"He composed and arranged five new tunes, including 'Bob the Robin', for the recording.",
"The standards were arranged by Pomeroy.",
"When he came back to the music scene, he wanted a book of fresh sounding things.",
"I got what I wanted from them.",
"They show us a happy group trying to create new musical entertainment by swinging all the time.",
"If jazz doesn't swing, it loses its expression.",
"The group and the sides are very happy.",
"The song \"What's New?\" is one of the highlights of the album.",
"\"Body and soul\"",
"Bill Coss described the latter as an almost frightening example of Serge's form, moaning through a seemingly autobiographical portrayal of his body and soul.",
"Boston Blow-Up was given by Jack Tracy.",
"Serge, for years one of music's more chaotic personalities, has made an about face of late and is again flying right.",
"It is evident in his playing, which has become a thing of real beauty...Chaloff offers the best display of his talents ever to be put on wax.",
"It has heart, it has maturity, and it is a great talent.",
"A performance at the Boston Arts Festival in June 1955 was a result of the reception for Boston Blow-Up!",
"The show was reviewed by the Boston Herald.",
"In 'Body and Soul', he exhibited his capabilities vigorously, taking a deliberate tempo and treating the music with a delicate, delicate, tonal standpoint.",
"In the mid-sixties, Chaloff worked in an alto/baritone format.",
"He played with Lou Donaldson in Chicago.",
"In Los Angeles, he played in a band with Sonny Stitt and Leroy Vinnegar.",
"Blue Serge Chaloff recorded a second Capitol album in Los Angeles in March of 1956.",
"The drummer in Los Angeles was Philly Joe Jones.",
"Sonny Clark played the piano.",
"\"My last record, Boston Blow-up!\" was written on the jacket of Blue Serge.",
"I decided to make a record just to blow because I was feeling a little more relaxed.",
"I picked out what I felt was the best rhythm section around and told them to just show up...no rehearsals...no tunes set...and trust to luck and musicianship... I'd never worked with these guys before except for jamming briefy with Joe Jones eight years ago.",
"It has more freedom than anything I've recorded before.",
"I think that recommendation is the best one when it comes to honest jazz.",
"The rapport of the group was as moving as the music, and the net effect was of every note being in place, perfectly executed.",
"This is a level of achievement beyond all but the masters, and from an ensemble that was not even a working group it takes on an aura of the miraculous.",
"'Paraphrase becomes central to his performance of 'A Handful of Stars' where he scrupulously avoids stating the melody as written,' said Stuart Nicholson.",
"He soars to the top of the instrument's range in one breath, concealing the remarkable technical skill required for such seemingly throw-away trifles.",
"This sheer joy at music making seems to give his playing a life-force of its own.",
"\"Thanks for the Memory\" was described as a masterpiece by Richard Cook and Brian Morton in The Penguin Guide to Jazz.",
"The thoughtful 'The Goof and I' and 'Susie's Blues' show that Chaloff still had plenty of ideas about what could be done with a bebopper's basic materials is almost as fine as 'Stairway to the Stars'.",
"The important session has retained its power.",
"In May of 1956, Chaloff performed at the Starlite Club in Hollywood.",
"He was struck down by severe back and abdominal pains while playing golf.",
"After flying back to Boston, an exploratory operation revealed that he was suffering from cancer of the spine.",
"Richard said that his brother was taken to the Massachusetts General Hospital, where they operated on his spine and then 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846",
"They were terrible.",
"He must have had at least twenty in a row.",
"They gave you a lot of it.",
"He had spots on the lungs, but he continued to play live.",
"The Metronome All Stars album features a recording of \"Billie's Bounce\" by Charlie Parker.",
"He played with Billy Taylor and Zoot Sims.",
"On February 11, 1957, the final recording was for The Four Brothers.",
"Together Again!",
"Woody Herman's Four Brothers for Vik is a reunion album.",
"The Four Brothers were accompanied by Don Lamond, Buddy Jones, and Elliot Lawrence.",
"On the later recordings, Charlie O'Kane was brought in to play the section parts so that Chaloff could maintain his strength for the solo.",
"His playing was as strong as ever, especially on \"Aged in Wood\".",
"He took a wheelchair to make that recording.",
"They didn't think he would make it.",
"People there told me stories.",
"You never knew he was sick when he stood up and played.",
"He played well.",
"He sounds like Serge if you listen to the record.",
"He pulled himself together.",
"I don't know how he did it.",
"He had a lot of drive.",
"The last session before his death represents a fervent expression of a fatally ill man.",
"He knew the best language to say goodbye to.",
"His last live appearance was at The Stable Club on Huntington Avenue in Boston.",
"In 1993, Charlie 'the Whale' Johnson recalled pushing the wheelchair of Chaloff into The Stable for his last performance.",
"He could still play even though he was in bad shape.",
"He didn't have much strength.",
"He couldn't finish the job.",
"I had to get booze and pot for him.",
"Even though he was in the hospital, he was still using them.",
"On July 15, 1957, the dying Chaloff was admitted to Massachusetts General Hospital.",
"Richard said that he took his horn and pet monkey with him.",
"He had a horn.",
"I was told that he was wheeled into a vacant operating theatre so he could practise, and that was his last public performance, solo baritone sax alone in an operating theatre.",
"People were standing and listening.",
"He fought to the end.",
"Mother would visit him and tell him that he could beat it.",
"Serge looked so wasted that the priest thought he was supposed to perform the last rites.",
"Serge panicked when he woke up, sliding away from him and yelling 'No!'",
"No!",
"Get out!",
"He seemed to give up after that.",
"I think that's when he realized it was over.",
"Serge died at the age of 33.",
"The Forest Hills Cemetery is in Suffolk County, Massachusetts.",
"Serge and Boots, Storyville, and Boston Blow–Up! are all records from Boston.",
"Capitol Records 1955 Blue Serge. Metronome All-Stars 1956 Verve.",
"Together Again!",
"There is a list of Chaloff's recordings.",
"Serge Chaloff, an Appreciation and Discography'', 3rd ed., rev., Montréal Vintage Music Society, 1991, was written by Vladimir Simosko.",
"There were deaths of jazz musicians from Boston and Massachusetts."
] | <mask> (November 24, 1923 – July 16, 1957) was an American jazz baritone saxophonist. The first and greatest bebop baritonist, Chaloff has been described as 'the most expressive and openly emotive baritone saxophonist jazz has ever witnessed' with a tone varying 'between a light but almost inaudible whisper to a great sonorous shout with the widest but most incredibly moving of vibratos.' Musical education
<mask> was the son of the pianist and composer <mask> and the leading Boston piano teacher, <mask> (known professionally as <mask>). He learned the piano from the age of six and also had clarinet lessons with Manuel Valerio of the Boston Symphony Orchestra. At the age of twelve, after hearing Harry Carney, Duke Ellington's baritonist, he taught himself to play the baritone. <mask> later explained to Leonard Feather in an interview: 'Who could teach me? I couldn't chase [Harry] Carney around the country.'Although he was inspired by Carney and Jack Washington, Count Basie's baritone player, Chaloff did not imitate them. According to his brother, Richard, 'he could play (baritone) like a tenor sax. The only time you knew it was a baritone was when he took it down low. He played it high....He had finger dexterity, I used to watch him, you couldn't believe the speed he played. He was precise. He was a perfectionist. He would be up in his bedroom as a teenager.He would be up by the hour to one, two, three in the morning and I'm trying to sleep and he'd go over a phrase or a piece until it was perfect...I used to put the pillow over my head, we had battles.' From the age of fourteen, <mask>, was sitting in at Izzy Ort's Bar & Grille a famous live music venue on Essex Street in Boston. <mask> remembered: 'He didn't have a permit to work but he was pretty tall and he went down to see Izzy Ort...and played for him and Izzy liked the sax...and he hired my brother to work nights....My mother used to pray on Sundays that that he'd make it outa there....My brother sat in with bandsmen that were in their thirties and forties...and here he was fourteen, fifteen years old and he played right along with them, and he did so well that they kept him.' Big bands
In 1939, aged just sixteen, Chaloff joined the Tommy Reynolds band, playing tenor sax. This was followed by jobs in the bands of Dick Rogers, Shep Fields and Ina Ray Hutton. In July 1944, he joined Boyd Raeburn's short-lived big band, where he played alongside Dizzy Gillespie and Al Cohn, who became a lifelong friend. With Boyd Raeburn, in January 1945, he made his first recordings, including 'Interlude' (Dizzy Gillespie's 'A Night in Tunisia'), where his baritone can be heard in the opening section of the song.While with Boyd Raeburn, Chaloff first heard Charlie Parker, who became his major stylistic influence. Stuart Nicholson argues that, rather than imitating Parker, Chaloff was inspired by his example 'grasping more the emotional basis for Parker's playing and using it as a starting point for his own style.' <mask> said that his brother 'palled' with (Parker) in New York. Any time he had the chance he would pal with him. He would sit in with him at night....My brother used to say that he was up till 4,5,6, in the morning with the Bird.....All the beboppers found each other out'
Chaloff then joined the big bands of Georgie Auld and then Jimmy Dorsey, who featured him on a celebrated 1946 recording of "Perdido". Alongside his work in big bands, in 1946-7, Chaloff performed and recorded with several small bebop groups. These included Sonny Berman's' Big Eight, Bill Harris's Big Eight, the Ralph Burns Quintet, Red Rodney's Be-Boppers, and his own <mask>ff Sextette, which released two 78 records on the Savoy label.Three of the four tunes recorded were written and arranged by Chaloff while the fourth, 'Gabardine and Serge', was by Tiny Kahn. 'All four tunes are daredevil cute and blisteringly fast,' wrote Marc Myers. 'They showcase tight unison lines and standout solos by four of the six musicians, who are in superb form....(On 'Pumpernickel') Chaloff shows off his inexhaustible and leonine approach to the baritone sax.' <mask> became a household name in 1947, when he joined Woody Herman's Second Herd. This was known as the 'Four Brothers Band', after the reed section, comprising <mask>, Stan Getz, Zoot Sims, Herbie Steward, and a little later Al Cohn. He was featured on many Herman recordings, including "Four Brothers", Keen and Peachy", and had solo features in Al Cohn's "The Goof and I". and "Man, Don't Be Ridiculous."On the latter, he demonstrated 'an astonishing technical facility that was quite without precedent on the instrument.' In 1949, Leonard Feather included <mask> in his book Inside Be-Bop: 'Great conception and execution, good taste, clean tone and Bird-like style have made him the No.1 bop exponent of the baritone.' Drug addiction
By 1947, Chaloff, following the example of his hero, Charlie Parker, was a heroin addict. According to Gene Lees, Chaloff was the Woody Herman band's 'chief druggist as well as its number one junkie. <mask> would hang a blanket in front of the back seats of the bus and behind it would dispense the stuff to colleagues.' Whitney Balliett wrote that Chaloff had 'a satanic reputation as a drug addict whose proselytizing ways with drugs reportedly damaged more people than just himself.' Many musicians blamed him for the drug-related death of the 21-year-old trumpeter Sonny Berman on January 16, 1947.The trumpeter Rolf Ericson, who joined Herman's band in 1950, described the impact of drugs on the band's performances: 'In the band Woody had started on the coast...late in 1947, which I heard many times, several of the guys were on narcotics and four were alcoholics. When the band started a night's work they sounded wonderful, but after the intermission, during which they used the needle or lushed, the good music was over. It was horrible to see them sitting on the stage like living dead, peering into little paper envelopes when they weren't playing.' One night in Washington D.C., Woody Herman had a public row on the bandstand with Chaloff. Herman told Gene Lees: 'He was getting farther and farther out there, and the farther out he got the more he was sounding like a fagalah. He kept saying, ‘Hey, Woody, baby, I’m straight, man, I’m clean.’ And I shouted, ‘Just play your goddamn part and shut up! '....I was so depressed after that gig.There was this after-hours joint in Washington called the Turf and Grid....I had to fight my way through to get a drink, man. All I wanted was to have a drink and forget it. And finally I get a couple of drinks, and it’s hot in there, and I’m sweating, and somebody’s got their hands on me, and I hear, ‘Hey, Woody, baby, whadya wanna talk to me like that for? I’m straight, baby, I’m straight.’ And it's Mr. Chaloff. And then I remember an old Joe Venuti bit. We were jammed in there, packed in, and...I peed down <mask>'s leg. You know, man, when you do that to someone, it takes a while before it sinks in what's happened to him.And when <mask> realized, he let out a howl like a banshee.' Chaloff's bandmate, Terry Gibbs, told Ira Gitler stories of his chaotic behaviour: 'He'd fall asleep with a cigarette all the time and always burn a hole in a mattress. Always! In about twelve hotels. When we'd go to check out, the hotel owner – <mask> always had his hair slicked down even though he hadn't taken a bath for three years...the manager would say, 'Mr Chaloff, you burned a hole in your mattress and...' 'How dare you. I'm the winner of the down beat and Metronome polls. How dare you?'...the manager would always say, 'I'm sorry Mr Chaloff,'...Except one time when the band got off on an air-pistol kick....<mask> put a telephone book against the door and was zonked out of his bird...he got three shots at the telephone book and made the biggest hole in the door you ever saw. So when he went to the check out, the guy said, 'Mr Chaloff, it'll cost you. '...He 'how-dared' him a few times. Couldn't get away with it. He said 'Well listen, if I'm gonna pay for the door I want the door.' It was twenty four dollars. So he paid for the door.I happen to be standing close by. 'Hey Terry,' he said. 'Grab this,' and all of a sudden I found myself checking out....We're walking out of the hotel with a door.' Al Cohn described Chaloff's driving: 'I don't know how we kept from being killed. <mask> would always be drunk. He was quite a drinker. Everything he did, he did too much.So one time we're driving, after work. It's four o'clock in the morning, and he makes a left turn, and we're wondering why the road is so bumpy. Turned out he made a left turn into the railroad tracks, and we're going over the ties.' Zoot Sims also talked about Chaloff with Gitler: 'When <mask> was cleaned up, you know, straight, he could be a delight, really to be around, a lot of fun. He knew how to handle himself. He had that gift. He could get pretty raunchy when he was strung out, but he could also be charming.'In late 1949, when many big bands were folding for economic reasons, Herman broke up the Second Herd. Fronting a new small band in Chicago in 1950, Herman told Down Beat: 'You can't imagine how good it feels to look at my present group and find them all awake. To play a set and not have someone conk out in the middle of a chorus.' Count Basie's Octet
For part of 1950, <mask> played in the All Star Octet of Count Basie who, like Herman, had broken up his big band. The band comprised Basie, <mask>, Wardell Gray, Buddy DeFranco, Clark Terry, Freddie Green, Jimmy Lewis and Gus Johnson. The group recorded a handful of sides for Victor and Columbia and was also captured on airchecks. Return to Boston
In 1950, Chaloff returned to Boston, where he played in small groups in clubs like the High Hat, Petty Lounge and Red Fox Cafe.A 1950 performance at the Celebrity Club in Providence Rhode Island, was broadcast by WRIV, and has been released on CD as Boston 1950. Playing in small groups gave Chaloff the space to develop a new style of playing. In 1951, he talked about 'getting away from the fireworks that don't mean anything' that had been a part of his style up to that point and 'adding more colour and flexibility to his work.' His friend Al Cohn observed 'It wasn't until he left the big bands that he really started to develop as a soloist.' Chaloff was now a star, winning the Down Beat and Metronome polls every year from 1949-1953. Yet his drug use and heavy drinking made it difficult for him to keep steady work, and he gave up playing completely in 1952-3. Chaloff's come-back began in late 1953, when the Boston DJ Bob 'The Robin' Martin offered to become his manager.Helped by Martin, <mask> formed a new group which played at Boston's Jazzorama and Storyville nightclubs. His usual musical partners were Boots Mussulli or Charlie Mariano (alto), Herb Pomeroy (trumpet),and Dick Twardzik (piano). 'He didn't work a lot,' said Bob Martin, 'because the word was out. You had to talk somebody to give him a chance to play. When you got him a gig in a club or a hotel, he would usually mess it up. But when he did show...and got playing...it was,'Stand back, Baby!Jay Migliori, who played with Chaloff at Storyville, recalled, '<mask> was a wild character. We were working at Storyville and, if he was feeling good, he used to let his trousers gradually fall down during the cadenza of his feature, 'Body and Soul.'At the end of the cadenza, his trousers would hit the ground.' <mask> and Boots and The Fable of Mabel
In June and September 1954, Chaloff made two recording sessions for George Wein's Boston Storyville label, released as two 10" LPs. The first Serge and Boots was presented as a joint album with Boots Mussulli, with accompaniment by Russ Freeman (piano), Jimmy Woode (bass) and Buzzy Drootin (drums). Yet George Wein wrote on the sleevenote: 'An alternate title for this album could be '<mask> Returns'....Each selection in these six was chosen and arranged solely by <mask>.' There were five standards and a Chaloff original, 'Zdot', with an ending 'written by a wonderful pianist and teacher, <mask>, <mask>'s mother.'. On the second Storyville album, The Fable of Mabel, Chaloff played in a nine-piece band featuring Charlie Mariano, who composed three of the five originals, and Herb Pomeroy, who provided 'Salute to Tiny', dedicated to the drummer and arranger Tiny Kahn. The ambitious title piece was composed by Dick Twardzik, who described it on the sleevenote: The Fable of Mabel was introduced to jazz circles in 1951-52 by the <mask>ff Quartet.Audiences found this satirical jazz legend a welcome respite from standard night club fare. In this legend, Mabel is depicted as a woman who loves men, music and her silver saxophone that played counterpoint (her own invention which proved impractical). The work is divided into three movements: first, New Orleans; second Classical; and third, Not Too Sad An Ending. The soulful baritone solo by <mask> traces Mabel's humble beginnings working railroad cars in New Orleans to her emergence as a practising crusader for the cause of Jazz. During her Paris days on the Jazz Houseboat, her struggle for self-expression is symbolized by an unusual saxophone duet Charlie Mariano and Varty Haritrounian. Mabel always said she wanted to go out blowing. She did.'The sixth track, Al Killian's 'Lets Jump', was chosen by Chaloff, who said: 'Now that we've proven how advanced we are let's show the people that we can still swing.' Just a month after his second Storyville recording, Chaloff went through a personal crisis. In October 1954, with no money and unable to find heroin, he voluntarily entered the drug rehabilitation program at Bridgewater State Hospital. After being hospitalized for three and a half months. he was released in February 1955, finally drug free. Boston Blow-Up! In 1955, Bob Martin persuaded Capitol Records to record a Chaloff LP as part of their 'Stan Kenton Presents Jazz' series.<mask>'s come-back album, Boston Blow-Up! was recorded in New York City in April 1955. He was accompanied by Boots Mussulli (alto), Herb Pomeroy (tp), Ray Santisi (p), Everett Evans (b) and Jimmy Zitano (d). Pomeroy, Santisi and Zitano were already a tight unit, regularly playing at Boston's Stable Club, where they had recorded a live album Jazz in a Stable, on Transition the previous March. The Kenton connection came about through Mussulli, who had played in his orchestra in 1944-7 and 1952-4. Richard Vacca wrote that '<mask> still had his bad boy reputation, and the presence of the steady and reliable Mussulli, who had recorded his own 'Kenton Presents' LP in 1954, was a great relief to Capitol.' For the recording, he composed and arranged five new tunes, including 'Bob the Robin', dedicated to Chaloff's manager.Pomeroy arranged the standards. <mask> described the sessions: 'When I came back on the music scene, just recently, I wanted a book of fresh sounding things. I got just what I wanted from Herb and Boots. I think their writing shows us a happy group trying to create new musical entertainment by swinging all the time. Jazz has got to swing; if it doesn't, it loses its feeling of expression. This group and these sides are about the happiest I've been involved with.' The highlights of the album are Chaloff's powerful ballad features, "What's New?", and "Body and Soul". In the 1956 Metronome Yearbook, Bill Coss described the latter as 'an almost frightening example of <mask>'s form, moaning through a seemingly autobiographical portrayal of (his) Body and Soul', an enormously emotional jazz listening experience.' Jack Tracy gave Boston Blow-Up! five stars in his Down Beat review: '<mask>, for years one of music's more chaotic personalities, has made an about face of late and is again flying right. It is evident in his playing, which has become a thing of real beauty....Chaloff offers the best display of his talents ever to be put on wax. It swings, it has heart, it has maturity—it is the long-awaited coalescence of a great talent. 'Boston Blow-Up!s favourable reception brought more work for Chaloff, culminating in a performance at the Boston Arts Festival in June 1955.The show was reviewed in the Boston Herald: 'The ingenuity of Chaloff as a soloist is enormous, and his use of dissonance always conveys a sense of purpose and of form. In 'Body and Soul', he exhibited his capabilities vigorously, taking a deliberate tempo and treating the music with a lyric, delicate, tonal standpoint....the harmonies of the group are tense and the melodies resourceful and they play with a kind of controlled abandon.' In 1956, Chaloff worked his way across the country, usually working in an alto/baritone format. In Chicago, he played alongside Lou Donaldson. In Los Angeles, he played with Sonny Stitt, in a band which also included Leroy Vinnegar, the leading West Coast bassist. <mask>
<mask>'s Los Angeles appearance led to his recording a second Capitol LP there in March 1956. The drummer was Philly Joe Jones, who was in Los Angeles with the Miles Davis Quintet.Sonny Clark played piano, and Leroy Vinnegar was on bass. Chaloff described the making of the record, called Blue Serge, on the jacket blurb: 'My last record, Boston Blow-up! was one of those carefully planned things....But this time I was feeling a little more easy-going, and I decided to make a record just to blow. I picked out what I felt was the best rhythm section around and told them just to show up...no rehearsals...no tunes set...and trust to luck and musicianship....I'd never worked with these guys before except for jamming briefy with Joe Jones eight years ago, but I knew from hearing them what they could do....We were shooting for an impromptu feeling and we got it. It has more freedom and spark than anything I've recorded before. And I don't think there's a better recommendation than that when it comes to honest jazz.' Vladimir Somosko, Chaloff's biographer, described the results: 'The rapport of the group was as moving as the music, and the net effect was of every note being in place, flawlessly executed, as if even the slightest nuance was carefully chosen for maximum aesthetic impact.This is a level of achievement beyond all but the masters, and from an ensemble that was not even a working group it takes on an aura of the miraculous.' Stuart Nicholson analysed <mask>'s playing on "A Handful of Stars": 'Paraphrase becomes central to his performance of 'A Handful of Stars' where he scrupulously avoids stating the melody as written. At one point he plumbs the baritone for a bumptious bass note and soars to the top of the instrument's range in one breath, effortlessly concealing the remarkable technical skill required for such seemingly throw-away trifles. This sheer joy at music making seems to give his playing a life-force of its own.' Richard Cook and Brian Morton in The Penguin Guide to Jazz declared the album 'Chaloff's masterpiece' and described it as 'vigorous and moving... "Thanks for the Memory" is overpoweringly beautiful as Chaloff creates a series of melodic variations which match the improviser's ideal of fashioning an entirely new song. 'Stairway to the Stars' is almost as fine, and the thoughtful 'The Goof and I' and 'Susie's Blues' show that Chaloff still had plenty of ideas about what could be done with a bebopper's basic materials. This important session has retained all its power.'Spinal cancer
Chaloff continued to work on the West Coast, performing at the Starlite Club in Hollywood in May 1956. That month, while playing golf, he was struck down by severe back and abdominal pains, which paralysed his legs. Chaloff flew back to Boston, where an exploratory operation revealed that he was suffering from cancer of the spine. His brother Richard described his final illness: 'We took him down there [Massachusetts General Hospital] and they found he had lesions on his spine.....they operated and took most of the lesions away, and then he went on a series of X-ray treatments. Oh they were terrible. He must have had twenty or twenty-five in a row. And in those days they really gave you heavy doses of it.Then occasionally he got spots on the lungs'
Despite his illness, and the gruelling treatment, Chaloff continued to play live. In New York, on 18 June 1956, a wheelchair-bound Chaloff took part in a recording of Charlie Parker's "Billie's Bounce", for the Metronome All Stars album. He played alongside Zoot Sims, Art Blakey, Charles Mingus and Billy Taylor. <mask>'s final recording, on 11 February 1957, was for The Four Brothers... Together Again! a reunion album of Woody Herman's Four Brothers for Vik, a subsidiary of RCA Victor. The Four Brothers lineup was Zoot Sims, Al Cohn, Herbie Steward and <mask>, accompanied by Elliot Lawrence (piano), Buddy Jones (bass) and Don Lamond (drums).On the later recordings, Charlie O'Kane was brought in to play baritone on the section parts, so Chaloff could preserve his strength for the solos. Here his playing was as strong as ever, especially on "Aged in Wood", written as a solo vehicle for <mask> by Al Cohn. Richard Chaloff: 'He took a wheelchair down to make that recording, you know. They didn't think he was going to make it. I heard stories from people there. But when he stood up and played, you never knew he was a sick fellow. He played dynamic.If you listen to the record he sounds like the old <mask>. He pulled himself together. I don't know how he did it. But he had tremendous drive, tremendous stamina.' Don Gold reviewed the album in Down Beat: 'This last session before his death represents a fervent expression of a fatally ill man. It is a kind of significant farewell in the language he knew best.' Chaloff made his last live appearances at The Stable Club on Huntington Avenue in Boston the following May.Interviewed in 1993, Charlie 'the Whale' Johnson recalled <mask>'s final performances: 'I remember pushing <mask>'s wheelchair into The Stable for his last appearances there. He was in bad shape but could still really play, standing leaning on a pillar. However, he didn't have much stamina. He couldn't really finish the gig. I also had to go get pot and booze for him. He was still using these steadily, even in the hospital at the end.' On 15 July 1957, the dying Chaloff was admitted to Massachusetts General Hospital.According to <mask>, he took his horn and pet monkey with him: 'He still had the kinkajou monkey Mother got him to keep him company. And he had his horn. I was told they wheeled him into a vacant operating theatre so he could practise, and that was his last gig, his last public performance, solo baritone sax alone in an operating theatre. Nurses, doctors and even patients were standing outside and listening. He fought it to the end. Mother would visit him and urge him on, saying, 'You can beat it' and things. But that last day, they brought a priest to visit him, and the priest saw <mask> in bed looking so wasted, and the priest thought he was supposed to perform the last rites.<mask> woke up in the middle of it and really panicked, sliding away from him and yelling 'No! No! Get out!' But after that he seemed to give up. I think that's when he realized it was all over.' <mask>ff died the next day, at the age of 33. He is buried in the Forest Hills Cemetery, Jamaica Plain, Suffolk County, Massachusetts.Discography
Boston 1950 Uptown Records, 1994
Serge and Boots, Storyville LP 310 1954
The Fable of Mabel Storyville LP 317 1955
Boston Blow–Up! Capitol Records 1955
Blue Serge Capitol Records1956
Metronome All-Stars 1956 Verve 1956
The Four Brothers... Together Again! Vik, 1957
References
Further reading
For a list of Chaloff's recordings, vid. Vladimir Simosko, <mask>, an Appreciation and Discography'', 3rd ed., rev., Montréal Vintage Music Society, 1991, . 1923 births
1957 deaths
American jazz baritone saxophonists
Bebop saxophonists
Count Basie Orchestra members
Jazz baritone saxophonists
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
Musicians from Boston
Deaths from spinal cancer
20th-century American musicians
20th-century saxophonists
Jazz musicians from Massachusetts
Deaths from cancer in Massachusetts
Neurological disease deaths in Massachusetts | [
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] | <mask> was an American jazz saxophonist. The first and greatest bebop baritonist, <mask>, has been described as the most expression and openly emotional baritone saxophonist jazz has ever seen, with a tone varying between a light but almost inaudible whisper to a great sonorous shout with the widest but most moving of vibrato. <mask> was the son of the pianist and composer <mask> and the leading Boston piano teacher, <mask>. He learned to play the piano and clarinet when he was six years old. He learned to play the baritone at the age of twelve after hearing Harry Carney. In an interview with Leonard Feather, he asked who could teach him. I couldn't follow him around the country.Although he was inspired by them, he did not imitate them. His brother said that he could play thebaritone like a sax. When he took it down, you didn't know it was a baritone. I used to watch him play and I couldn't believe how fast he played. He was precise. He wanted things to be perfect. He was up in his bedroom as a teenager.He would be up by the hour to one, two, three in the morning and I'm trying to sleep and he'd go over a phrase or a piece until it was perfect...I used to put the pillow over my head. In Boston, at the age of fourteen, Chaloff was sitting in at the famous live music venue on Essex Street. He didn't have a permit to work but he was tall and he went down to see Izzy Ort, who liked the sax, and he hired my brother to work nights. He joined the Tommy Reynolds band at the age of sixteen. There were jobs in the bands of Dick Rogers and Shep Fields. He joined the short-lived big band of Boyd Raeburn in July 1944 and became a lifelong friend. His voice can be heard in the opening section of 'A Night in Tunisia', a song he made his first recordings with.The first person that he heard influence him was Charlie Parker. Stuart Nicholson argues that, rather than imitating Parker, Chaloff was inspired by his example to use it as a starting point for his own style. Richard said that his brother was in New York. He would befriend him whenever he had the chance. He would sit in with him at night and my brother used to say that he was up until 4 in the morning with the Bird. In 1946-7, he recorded with several small bebop groups. Sonny Berman's Big Eight, Bill Harris's Big Eight, the Ralph Burns Quintet, Red Rodney's Be-Boppers, and <mask> Sextette all had records on the Savoy label.Three of the four tunes recorded were written and arranged by Chaloff while the fourth, 'Gabardine and Serge', was written and arranged by Tiny Kahn. The four tunes are cute and fast. On 'Pumpernickel', they showcase tight unison lines and stellar solo performances by four of the six musicians. <mask> became a household name when he joined Woody Herman's Second Herd. After the reed section, this was known as the Four Brothers Band. He had solo features in "The Goof and I" and was featured on many Herman recordings. "Man, don't be ridiculous."He showed a technical facility that was without precedent on the instrument. In 1949, Leonard Feather wrote a book called Inside Be-Bop, in which he said that Chaloff was the No.1 bop exponent of the baritone. By 1947, he was a heroin addictionTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkia According to Gene Lees, Chaloff was the Woody Herman band's number one junkie. <mask> put a blanket in front of the back seats of the bus and behind it, he would give the stuff to his colleagues. Whitney Balliett wrote that Chaloff had a reputation as a drug user who damaged more people than himself. The death of Sonny Berman was blamed on him by many musicians.The trumpeter Rolf Ericson, who joined Herman's band in 1950, described the impact of drugs on the band's performances. When the band started their work, they sounded great, but after the break, they used the needle or lushed the music. It was terrible to see them sitting on the stage, staring into little paper envelopes when they weren't playing. There was a public row on the bandstand in Washington D.C. Herman told Gene Lees that he was getting farther and farther out. I shouted, "Just play your goddamn part and shut up!" after he kept saying, "Hey, Woody, baby, I'm straight, man, I'm clean." I was depressed after that gig.I had to fight my way through the establishment to get a drink. I wanted to have a drink and forget. I get a couple of drinks, and it's hot in there, and I'm sweating, and I hear Woody say, "Hey, baby, whadya wanna talk to me like that for?" I'm straight, baby, I'm straight. I remember an old Joe Venuti bit. We were packed in and I peed on <mask>'s leg. When you do that to someone, it takes a while for it to sink in.<mask> let out a howl like a banshee when he realized. He would fall asleep with a cigarette in his mouth and burn a hole in a mattress. Always! There are about twelve hotels. <mask>, the hotel owner, always had his hair slicked down, even though he hadn't taken a bath in three years, and the manager would say, 'How dare you.' I'm the winner of the Metronome polls. How dare you?<mask> put a telephone book against the door and was zonked out of his bird when the band got off on an air-pistol kick. He went to the check out and the guy said it would cost him. He "dared" him a few times. Couldn't get away with it. If I'm going to pay for the door, I want the door. It was twenty four dollars. He paid for the door.I'm standing close by. He said 'Hey Terry'. We're walking out of the hotel with a door after I grabbed this. I don't know how we kept from being killed. <mask> was always drunk. He drank quite a bit. He did too much.We're driving after work. We're wondering why the road is so bumpy when he makes a left turn at four o'clock in the morning. He made a left turn into the railroad tracks. When <mask> was cleaned up, he could be a delight, really to be around, a lot of fun. He knew how to deal with himself. He had a gift. When he was strung out, he could get pretty raunchy, but he could also be charming.Herman broke up the Second Herd when many big bands folded for economic reasons. In 1950, Herman was fronting a new small band in Chicago and told Down Beat: "You can't imagine how good it feels to look at my present group and find them all awake." To not have someone conk out in the middle of a chorus. The All Star Octet of Count Basie had a big band that was broken up by Herman. The band consisted of Wardell Gray, Buddy DeFranco, Clark Terry, Freddie Green, Jimmy Lewis, and Gus Johnson. The group recorded a few sides for Victor and Columbia. In Boston, he played in small groups in clubs like the High Hat and the Red Fox Cafe.A 1950 performance at the Celebrity Club in Providence Rhode Island was broadcast by WRIV and has been released on CD as Boston 1950. The space to develop a new style of playing was given by playing in small groups. He talked about "getting away from the fireworks that don't mean anything" and "adding more colour and flexibility to his work" in 1951. It wasn't until he left the big bands that he really started to develop as a soloist. Every year from 1949-1953, Chaloff won the Down Beat and Metronome polls. He gave up playing in 1952 because of his drug use and heavy drinking. In late 1953, Boston DJ Bob 'The Robin' Martin offered to become Chaloff's manager.The new group played at Boston's Jazzorama and Storyville nightclubs. His regular musical partners were Boots Mussulli, Charlie Mariano,Herb Pomeroy, and Dick Twardzik. Bob Martin said that he didn't work a lot because the word was out. To give him a chance to play, you had to talk to someone. He tends to mess up when he's in a club or a hotel. Jay Migliori, who played with Chaloff at Storyville, said that <mask> was a wild character. We were working at Storyville and he used to let his trousers fall down if he was feeling good.His trousers would hit the ground. Two recordings were made for George Wein's Boston Storyville label in June and September of 1954. The first Serge and Boots was a joint album with accompaniment by Jimmy Woode and Buzzy Drootin. George Wein wrote on the sleevenote that there could be an alternate title for the album. There were five standards and a Chaloff original, 'Zdot', with an ending written by <mask>'s mother. The second Storyville album featured a nine-piece band featuring Charlie Mariano, who composed three of the five originals, andHerb Pomeroy, who provided 'Salute to Tiny', dedicated to the drummer and arranger Tiny Kahn. Dick Twardzik wrote the title piece, which he described on the sleevenote.The jazz legend was a welcome respite from the standard night club fare. In this legend, Mabel is depicted as a woman who loves men, music and her silver saxophone that played counterpoint, but her own invention proved impractical. New Orleans is the first movement, followed by Classical and Not Too Sad An Ending. <mask>'s solo tells the story of Mabel's humble beginnings working railroad cars in New Orleans to her emergence as a Jazz activist. During her Paris days on the Jazz Houseboat, she had an unusual saxophone duet with Varty Haritrounian. She always wanted to blow. She did."Now that we've proven how advanced we are let's show the people that we can still swing." After his second Storyville recording, he went through a personal crisis. He entered the drug rehabilitation program at the state hospital because he couldn't find heroin. After spending three and a half months in the hospital. He was drug free in February 1955. Boston Blow-Up! Bob Martin persuaded Capitol Records to record a record in 1955.Boston Blow-Up! is <mask>'s comeback album. In 1955, it was recorded in New York City. He was accompanied by a number of people. At Boston's Stable Club, where they had recorded a live album Jazz in a Stable, Pomeroy, Santisi, and Zitano were already a tight unit. Mussulli was in the orchestra that played in 1944-7 and 1952-4. The presence of steady and reliable Mussulli, who had recorded his own 'Kenton Presents'LP in 1954, was a great relief to Capitol, according to Richard Vacca. He composed and arranged five new tunes, including 'Bob the Robin', for the recording.The standards were arranged by Pomeroy. When he came back to the music scene, he wanted a book of fresh sounding things. I got what I wanted from them. They show us a happy group trying to create new musical entertainment by swinging all the time. If jazz doesn't swing, it loses its expression. The group and the sides are very happy. The song "What's New?" is one of the highlights of the album."Body and soul" Bill Coss described the latter as an almost frightening example of <mask>'s form, moaning through a seemingly autobiographical portrayal of his body and soul. Boston Blow-Up was given by Jack Tracy. <mask>, for years one of music's more chaotic personalities, has made an about face of late and is again flying right. It is evident in his playing, which has become a thing of real beauty...Chaloff offers the best display of his talents ever to be put on wax. It has heart, it has maturity, and it is a great talent. A performance at the Boston Arts Festival in June 1955 was a result of the reception for Boston Blow-Up!The show was reviewed by the Boston Herald. In 'Body and Soul', he exhibited his capabilities vigorously, taking a deliberate tempo and treating the music with a delicate, delicate, tonal standpoint. In the mid-sixties, Chaloff worked in an alto/baritone format. He played with Lou Donaldson in Chicago. In Los Angeles, he played in a band with Sonny Stitt and Leroy Vinnegar. <mask> <mask> recorded a second Capitol album in Los Angeles in March of 1956. The drummer in Los Angeles was Philly Joe Jones.Sonny Clark played the piano. "My last record, Boston Blow-up!" was written on the jacket of Blue Serge. I decided to make a record just to blow because I was feeling a little more relaxed. I picked out what I felt was the best rhythm section around and told them to just show up...no rehearsals...no tunes set...and trust to luck and musicianship... I'd never worked with these guys before except for jamming briefy with Joe Jones eight years ago. It has more freedom than anything I've recorded before. I think that recommendation is the best one when it comes to honest jazz. The rapport of the group was as moving as the music, and the net effect was of every note being in place, perfectly executed.This is a level of achievement beyond all but the masters, and from an ensemble that was not even a working group it takes on an aura of the miraculous. 'Paraphrase becomes central to his performance of 'A Handful of Stars' where he scrupulously avoids stating the melody as written,' said Stuart Nicholson. He soars to the top of the instrument's range in one breath, concealing the remarkable technical skill required for such seemingly throw-away trifles. This sheer joy at music making seems to give his playing a life-force of its own. "Thanks for the Memory" was described as a masterpiece by Richard Cook and Brian Morton in The Penguin Guide to Jazz. The thoughtful 'The Goof and I' and 'Susie's Blues' show that Chaloff still had plenty of ideas about what could be done with a bebopper's basic materials is almost as fine as 'Stairway to the Stars'. The important session has retained its power.In May of 1956, Chaloff performed at the Starlite Club in Hollywood. He was struck down by severe back and abdominal pains while playing golf. After flying back to Boston, an exploratory operation revealed that he was suffering from cancer of the spine. Richard said that his brother was taken to the Massachusetts General Hospital, where they operated on his spine and then 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 They were terrible. He must have had at least twenty in a row. They gave you a lot of it.He had spots on the lungs, but he continued to play live. The Metronome All Stars album features a recording of "Billie's Bounce" by Charlie Parker. He played with Billy Taylor and Zoot Sims. On February 11, 1957, the final recording was for The Four Brothers. Together Again! Woody Herman's Four Brothers for Vik is a reunion album. The Four Brothers were accompanied by Don Lamond, Buddy Jones, and Elliot Lawrence.On the later recordings, Charlie O'Kane was brought in to play the section parts so that Chaloff could maintain his strength for the solo. His playing was as strong as ever, especially on "Aged in Wood". He took a wheelchair to make that recording. They didn't think he would make it. People there told me stories. You never knew he was sick when he stood up and played. He played well.He sounds like <mask> if you listen to the record. He pulled himself together. I don't know how he did it. He had a lot of drive. The last session before his death represents a fervent expression of a fatally ill man. He knew the best language to say goodbye to. His last live appearance was at The Stable Club on Huntington Avenue in Boston.In 1993, Charlie 'the Whale' Johnson recalled pushing the wheelchair of <mask> into The Stable for his last performance. He could still play even though he was in bad shape. He didn't have much strength. He couldn't finish the job. I had to get booze and pot for him. Even though he was in the hospital, he was still using them. On July 15, 1957, the dying <mask> was admitted to Massachusetts General Hospital.Richard said that he took his horn and pet monkey with him. He had a horn. I was told that he was wheeled into a vacant operating theatre so he could practise, and that was his last public performance, solo baritone sax alone in an operating theatre. People were standing and listening. He fought to the end. Mother would visit him and tell him that he could beat it. <mask> looked so wasted that the priest thought he was supposed to perform the last rites.<mask> panicked when he woke up, sliding away from him and yelling 'No!' No! Get out! He seemed to give up after that. I think that's when he realized it was over. <mask> died at the age of 33. The Forest Hills Cemetery is in Suffolk County, Massachusetts.Serge and Boots, Storyville, and Boston Blow–Up! are all records from Boston. Capitol Records 1955 Blue Serge. Metronome All-Stars 1956 Verve. Together Again! There is a list of Chaloff's recordings. <mask>, an Appreciation and Discography'', 3rd ed., rev., Montréal Vintage Music Society, 1991, was written by Vladimir Simosko. There were deaths of jazz musicians from Boston and Massachusetts. | [
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25642028 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryana%20Marrash | Maryana Marrash | Maryana bint Fathallah bin Nasrallah Marrash (Arabic: , ; 1848–1919), also known as Maryana al-Marrash or Maryana Marrash al-Halabiyah, was a Syrian writer and poet of the Nahda or the Arab Renaissance. She revived the tradition of literary salons in the Arab world and was the first Syrian woman to publish a collection of poetry. She may have been the first woman to write in the Arabic-language daily newspapers.
Life
Background and education
Maryana Marrash was born in Aleppo, a city of Ottoman Syria (present-day Syria), to an old Melkite family of merchants known for their literary interests. Having earned wealth and standing in the 18th century, the family was well established in Aleppo, although they had gone through troubles: a relative of Maryana, Butrus Marrash, was killed by the walis troops in the midst of a Catholic–Orthodox clash in April 1818. Other Melkite Catholics were exiled from Aleppo during the persecutions, among them the priest Jibrail Marrash. Maryana's father, Fathallah, tried to defuse the sectarian conflict by writing a treatise in 1849, in which he rejected the Filioque. He had built up a large private library to give his three children Francis, Abdallah and Maryana a thorough education, particularly in the field of Arabic language and literature. As worded by Marilyn Booth, Maryana's mother was from "the famous al-Antaki family", related to Archbishop Demetrius Antachi.
Aleppo was then a major intellectual center of the Ottoman Empire, featuring many thinkers and writers concerned with the future of the Arabs. It was in the French missionary schools that the Marrash family learnt Arabic with French, and other foreign languages (Italian and English). By providing their daughter with an education, at a time when Eastern Mediterranean women received none, Maryana's parents challenged the then widespread belief that a girl should not be educated "so she would not sit in the men's reception room", as quoted by Marilyn Booth. Thus, Fathallah put his five-year-old daughter in a Maronite school. Later on, Maryana was educated by the nuns of St. Joseph in Aleppo. She finally went to an English school in Beirut. In addition to her formal education in these schools, where she was exposed to French and Anglo-Saxon cultures, she was tutored by her father and brothers, especially on the subject of Arabic literature. The first biographies of Maryana mention that she excelled in French, Arabic and mathematics, and that she played the qanun and sang beautifully.
Aleppine historian Muhammad Raghib al-Tabbakh wrote that she was unique in Aleppo, and that "people looked at her with a different eye". Although she had many suitors, she initially wished to remain single. However, she was persuaded to marry after her mother's death, and chose for husband Habib Ghadban, a scion of a local Christian family. They had one son and two daughters.
Literary career
As early as 1870, Marrash started contributing articles and poems to journals—especially Al-Jinan and Lisan al-hal, both of Beirut. In her articles, she criticized the condition of Arab women, urging the latter—regardless of their religious affiliations—to seek education and express themselves on matters of concern to them. Her collection of poetry Bint fikr (A Daughter of Thought) was published in Beirut in 1893. Marrash was granted permission by the Ottoman government to print her book after composing a poem exalting Sultan Abdul Hamid II. In some of the several other panegyrics included in the collection, she also praised Ottoman governors of Aleppo. Her poetry was much more traditional in style than her brother Francis', as exemplified by the elegy she composed to lament his death; yet, she was at home with the poetry of French romantics, especially that of Alphonse de Lamartine and Alfred de Musset. Sami Kayyali said about Marrash:
The emergence of a woman writing in the press and composing poetry in this dark era was a significant event. Our recent history shows that it was rare for even men to read and write; her appearance in these dark nights was thus like a bright star in the center of the heavens.
Her non-fiction works also include a history of late Ottoman Syria, [Tarikh] [Suriya] al-hadith, the first book on the subject.
Marrash's salon
Marrash was famous for the salon she held in the home she shared with her husband. She had travelled to Europe once, and was impressed by what she saw of life there. As related by Joseph Zeidan:Upon her return in Aleppo, Maryana Marrash turned her house into a gathering place for a group of celebrated writers who met there on a regular basis to cultivate each other's friendship and discuss literature, music, and political and social issues.
However, according to Joseph Zeidan, there are no proofs supporting whether or not she created her salon after seeing similar ones in Europe; in any case, it did not start from scratch, since "most of the participants were regular visitors to her family's home, where they used to meet with her father and two brothers." The members of Maryana's salon included prominent Aleppine intellectuals of both sexes, in addition to politicians and members of the foreign diplomatic corps. Marrash was fully engaged in the intellectual discourse and would also entertain her guests by playing the qanun and singing. Antun Sha'arawi has described typical evenings spent at Marrash's salon:
Wearing either all black or all white dresses ordered from Paris, Marrash hosted the mixed evening get-togethers in which literary topics as varied as the Mu`allaqat—a cycle of seven pre-Islamic poems—or the work of Rabelais were discussed. Chess and card games were played, and complicated poetry competitions took place; wine and 'araq flowed freely; participants sang, danced, and listened to records played on a phonograph.
However, Heghnar Zeitlian Watenpaugh has presumed Sha'arawi's description to be partly apocryphal.
Works
Bint fikr (A Daughter of Thought), 1893.
[Tārīkh] [Sūriyā] al-ḥadīth (The History of Modern Syria).
Writings published in periodicals:
Notes
References
Sources
External links
Bint fikr (HathiTrust Digital Library)
1848 births
1919 deaths
Nahda
People from Aleppo
Syrian poets
Syrian women writers
Syrian Melkite Greek Catholics
20th-century Syrian writers
20th-century Syrian women writers
Syrian salon-holders
Syrian women poets
19th-century Syrian women writers
Arabic-language women poets
Arabic-language poets | [
"Maryana bint Fathallah bin Nasrallah Marrash (Arabic: , ; 1848–1919), also known as Maryana al-Marrash or Maryana Marrash al-Halabiyah, was a Syrian writer and poet of the Nahda or the Arab Renaissance.",
"She revived the tradition of literary salons in the Arab world and was the first Syrian woman to publish a collection of poetry.",
"She may have been the first woman to write in the Arabic-language daily newspapers.",
"Life\n\nBackground and education\nMaryana Marrash was born in Aleppo, a city of Ottoman Syria (present-day Syria), to an old Melkite family of merchants known for their literary interests.",
"Having earned wealth and standing in the 18th century, the family was well established in Aleppo, although they had gone through troubles: a relative of Maryana, Butrus Marrash, was killed by the walis troops in the midst of a Catholic–Orthodox clash in April 1818.",
"Other Melkite Catholics were exiled from Aleppo during the persecutions, among them the priest Jibrail Marrash.",
"Maryana's father, Fathallah, tried to defuse the sectarian conflict by writing a treatise in 1849, in which he rejected the Filioque.",
"He had built up a large private library to give his three children Francis, Abdallah and Maryana a thorough education, particularly in the field of Arabic language and literature.",
"As worded by Marilyn Booth, Maryana's mother was from \"the famous al-Antaki family\", related to Archbishop Demetrius Antachi.",
"Aleppo was then a major intellectual center of the Ottoman Empire, featuring many thinkers and writers concerned with the future of the Arabs.",
"It was in the French missionary schools that the Marrash family learnt Arabic with French, and other foreign languages (Italian and English).",
"By providing their daughter with an education, at a time when Eastern Mediterranean women received none, Maryana's parents challenged the then widespread belief that a girl should not be educated \"so she would not sit in the men's reception room\", as quoted by Marilyn Booth.",
"Thus, Fathallah put his five-year-old daughter in a Maronite school.",
"Later on, Maryana was educated by the nuns of St. Joseph in Aleppo.",
"She finally went to an English school in Beirut.",
"In addition to her formal education in these schools, where she was exposed to French and Anglo-Saxon cultures, she was tutored by her father and brothers, especially on the subject of Arabic literature.",
"The first biographies of Maryana mention that she excelled in French, Arabic and mathematics, and that she played the qanun and sang beautifully.",
"Aleppine historian Muhammad Raghib al-Tabbakh wrote that she was unique in Aleppo, and that \"people looked at her with a different eye\".",
"Although she had many suitors, she initially wished to remain single.",
"However, she was persuaded to marry after her mother's death, and chose for husband Habib Ghadban, a scion of a local Christian family.",
"They had one son and two daughters.",
"Literary career\n\nAs early as 1870, Marrash started contributing articles and poems to journals—especially Al-Jinan and Lisan al-hal, both of Beirut.",
"In her articles, she criticized the condition of Arab women, urging the latter—regardless of their religious affiliations—to seek education and express themselves on matters of concern to them.",
"Her collection of poetry Bint fikr (A Daughter of Thought) was published in Beirut in 1893.",
"Marrash was granted permission by the Ottoman government to print her book after composing a poem exalting Sultan Abdul Hamid II.",
"In some of the several other panegyrics included in the collection, she also praised Ottoman governors of Aleppo.",
"Her poetry was much more traditional in style than her brother Francis', as exemplified by the elegy she composed to lament his death; yet, she was at home with the poetry of French romantics, especially that of Alphonse de Lamartine and Alfred de Musset.",
"Sami Kayyali said about Marrash:\nThe emergence of a woman writing in the press and composing poetry in this dark era was a significant event.",
"Our recent history shows that it was rare for even men to read and write; her appearance in these dark nights was thus like a bright star in the center of the heavens.",
"Her non-fiction works also include a history of late Ottoman Syria, [Tarikh] [Suriya] al-hadith, the first book on the subject.",
"Marrash's salon\nMarrash was famous for the salon she held in the home she shared with her husband.",
"She had travelled to Europe once, and was impressed by what she saw of life there.",
"As related by Joseph Zeidan:Upon her return in Aleppo, Maryana Marrash turned her house into a gathering place for a group of celebrated writers who met there on a regular basis to cultivate each other's friendship and discuss literature, music, and political and social issues.",
"However, according to Joseph Zeidan, there are no proofs supporting whether or not she created her salon after seeing similar ones in Europe; in any case, it did not start from scratch, since \"most of the participants were regular visitors to her family's home, where they used to meet with her father and two brothers.\"",
"The members of Maryana's salon included prominent Aleppine intellectuals of both sexes, in addition to politicians and members of the foreign diplomatic corps.",
"Marrash was fully engaged in the intellectual discourse and would also entertain her guests by playing the qanun and singing.",
"Antun Sha'arawi has described typical evenings spent at Marrash's salon:\nWearing either all black or all white dresses ordered from Paris, Marrash hosted the mixed evening get-togethers in which literary topics as varied as the Mu`allaqat—a cycle of seven pre-Islamic poems—or the work of Rabelais were discussed.",
"Chess and card games were played, and complicated poetry competitions took place; wine and 'araq flowed freely; participants sang, danced, and listened to records played on a phonograph.",
"However, Heghnar Zeitlian Watenpaugh has presumed Sha'arawi's description to be partly apocryphal.",
"Works\nBint fikr (A Daughter of Thought), 1893.",
"[Tārīkh] [Sūriyā] al-ḥadīth (The History of Modern Syria).",
"Writings published in periodicals:\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nSources\n\nExternal links\n\n Bint fikr (HathiTrust Digital Library)\n\n1848 births\n1919 deaths\nNahda\nPeople from Aleppo\nSyrian poets\nSyrian women writers\nSyrian Melkite Greek Catholics\n20th-century Syrian writers\n20th-century Syrian women writers\nSyrian salon-holders\nSyrian women poets\n19th-century Syrian women writers\nArabic-language women poets\nArabic-language poets"
] | [
"Maryana bint Fathallah bin Nasrallah Marrash was a Syrian writer and poet.",
"She was the first Syrian woman to publish a collection of poetry.",
"She is thought to be the first woman to write in Arabic daily newspapers.",
"Maryana Marrash was the daughter of an old Melkite family of merchants who were known for their literary interests.",
"A relative of Maryana was killed in the midst of a Catholic–Orthodox clash in April 1818, but the family was well established in the 18th century.",
"The priest of the Melkite Catholics was exiled from the city during the persecutions.",
"In 1849, Maryana's father wrote a book in which he rejected the Filioque.",
"He built a large private library to give his three children a thorough education, particularly in the field of Arabic language and literature.",
"According to Marilyn Booth, Maryana's mother was from the famous al-Antaki family.",
"The future of the Arabs was one of the main topics of discussion in the intellectual center of the Ottoman Empire.",
"The Marrash family learned Arabic with French and other foreign languages in the French missionary schools.",
"At a time when Eastern Mediterranean women didn't receive an education, Maryana's parents challenged the belief that a girl should not be educated so she wouldn't sit in the men's reception room.",
"Fathallah put his daughter in a Maronite school.",
"Maryana was educated by the nuns.",
"She attended an English school in Lebanon.",
"In addition to her formal education in these schools, she was exposed to French and Anglo-Saxon cultures and was taught Arabic literature by her father and brothers.",
"Maryana excelled in French, Arabic and mathematics according to the first biographies of her.",
"She was unique in the city and people looked at her with a different eye.",
"She initially wanted to remain single.",
"After her mother's death, she was persuaded to marry a scion of a local Christian family.",
"They had three children.",
"Al-Jinan and Lisan al-hal, both of Lebanon, were contributors to journals.",
"She criticized the condition of Arab women and urged them to seek education and express themselves on matters of concern to them.",
"Her poetry was published in Lebanon in 1893.",
"The Ottoman government granted permission for Marrash to print her book after she wrote a poem about Sultan Abdul Hamid II.",
"Some of the panegyrics included in the collection were praised by the Ottoman governors of Aleppo.",
"Her poetry was more traditional in style than her brother's, as exemplified by the elegy she composed to mourn his death; yet, she was at home with the poetry of French romantics, especially that of Alphonse de Lamartine and Alfred de Musset.",
"The emergence of a woman writing in the press and writing poetry in this dark era was a significant event.",
"Her appearance in these dark nights was like a bright star in the center of the heavens, and it was rare for men to read or write about her.",
"There is a history of late Ottoman Syria in her non-fiction works.",
"She held her salon in the home she shared with her husband.",
"She was impressed by what she saw when she traveled to Europe.",
"Maryana Marrash turned her house into a gathering place for a group of celebrated writers who met there on a regular basis to discuss literature, music, and political and social issues.",
"It did not start from scratch since most of the participants were regular visitors to her family's home, and there are no proof that she created her salon after seeing similar ones in Europe.",
"Politicians and members of the foreign diplomatic corps were among the members of Maryana's salon.",
"Marrash entertained her guests with her qanun and singing while she was fully engaged in the intellectual discourse.",
"Wearing either all black or all white dresses ordered from Paris, Marrash hosted a mixed evening get-togethers in which literary topics as varied as the Muallaqat.",
"Wine and 'araq flowed freely, chess and card games were played, and participants sang, danced, and listened to records.",
"Heghnar Zeitlian Watenpaugh thought Sha'arawi's description was apocryphal.",
"Bint fikr is a Daughter of Thought.",
"The History of Modern Syria is a book.",
"Writings published in periodicals include: Notes References Sources External links"
] | <mask> bin <mask> (Arabic: , ; 1848–1919), also known as <mask>-<mask> or <mask>yah, was a Syrian writer and poet of the Nahda or the Arab Renaissance. She revived the tradition of literary salons in the Arab world and was the first Syrian woman to publish a collection of poetry. She may have been the first woman to write in the Arabic-language daily newspapers. Life
Background and education
<mask> was born in Aleppo, a city of Ottoman Syria (present-day Syria), to an old Melkite family of merchants known for their literary interests. Having earned wealth and standing in the 18th century, the family was well established in Aleppo, although they had gone through troubles: a relative of Maryana, <mask>, was killed by the walis troops in the midst of a Catholic–Orthodox clash in April 1818. Other Melkite Catholics were exiled from Aleppo during the persecutions, among them the priest <mask>. <mask>'s father, Fathallah, tried to defuse the sectarian conflict by writing a treatise in 1849, in which he rejected the Filioque.He had built up a large private library to give his three children Francis, Abdallah and Maryana a thorough education, particularly in the field of Arabic language and literature. As worded by Marilyn Booth, Maryana's mother was from "the famous al-Antaki family", related to Archbishop Demetrius Antachi. Aleppo was then a major intellectual center of the Ottoman Empire, featuring many thinkers and writers concerned with the future of the Arabs. It was in the French missionary schools that the <mask> family learnt Arabic with French, and other foreign languages (Italian and English). By providing their daughter with an education, at a time when Eastern Mediterranean women received none, Maryana's parents challenged the then widespread belief that a girl should not be educated "so she would not sit in the men's reception room", as quoted by Marilyn Booth. Thus, Fathallah put his five-year-old daughter in a Maronite school. Later on, Maryana was educated by the nuns of St. Joseph in Aleppo.She finally went to an English school in Beirut. In addition to her formal education in these schools, where she was exposed to French and Anglo-Saxon cultures, she was tutored by her father and brothers, especially on the subject of Arabic literature. The first biographies of Maryana mention that she excelled in French, Arabic and mathematics, and that she played the qanun and sang beautifully. Aleppine historian Muhammad Raghib al-Tabbakh wrote that she was unique in Aleppo, and that "people looked at her with a different eye". Although she had many suitors, she initially wished to remain single. However, she was persuaded to marry after her mother's death, and chose for husband Habib Ghadban, a scion of a local Christian family. They had one son and two daughters.Literary career
As early as 1870, <mask> started contributing articles and poems to journals—especially Al-Jinan and Lisan al-hal, both of Beirut. In her articles, she criticized the condition of Arab women, urging the latter—regardless of their religious affiliations—to seek education and express themselves on matters of concern to them. Her collection of poetry Bint fikr (A Daughter of Thought) was published in Beirut in 1893. <mask> was granted permission by the Ottoman government to print her book after composing a poem exalting Sultan Abdul Hamid II. In some of the several other panegyrics included in the collection, she also praised Ottoman governors of Aleppo. Her poetry was much more traditional in style than her brother Francis', as exemplified by the elegy she composed to lament his death; yet, she was at home with the poetry of French romantics, especially that of Alphonse de Lamartine and Alfred de Musset. Sami Kayyali said about Marrash:
The emergence of a woman writing in the press and composing poetry in this dark era was a significant event.Our recent history shows that it was rare for even men to read and write; her appearance in these dark nights was thus like a bright star in the center of the heavens. Her non-fiction works also include a history of late Ottoman Syria, [Tarikh] [Suriya] al-hadith, the first book on the subject. <mask>'s salon
<mask> was famous for the salon she held in the home she shared with her husband. She had travelled to Europe once, and was impressed by what she saw of life there. As related by Joseph Zeidan:Upon her return in Aleppo, <mask> <mask> turned her house into a gathering place for a group of celebrated writers who met there on a regular basis to cultivate each other's friendship and discuss literature, music, and political and social issues. However, according to Joseph Zeidan, there are no proofs supporting whether or not she created her salon after seeing similar ones in Europe; in any case, it did not start from scratch, since "most of the participants were regular visitors to her family's home, where they used to meet with her father and two brothers." The members of Maryana's salon included prominent Aleppine intellectuals of both sexes, in addition to politicians and members of the foreign diplomatic corps.<mask> was fully engaged in the intellectual discourse and would also entertain her guests by playing the qanun and singing. Antun Sha'arawi has described typical evenings spent at <mask>'s salon:
Wearing either all black or all white dresses ordered from Paris, <mask> hosted the mixed evening get-togethers in which literary topics as varied as the Mu`allaqat—a cycle of seven pre-Islamic poems—or the work of Rabelais were discussed. Chess and card games were played, and complicated poetry competitions took place; wine and 'araq flowed freely; participants sang, danced, and listened to records played on a phonograph. However, Heghnar Zeitlian Watenpaugh has presumed Sha'arawi's description to be partly apocryphal. Works
Bint fikr (A Daughter of Thought), 1893. [Tārīkh] [Sūriyā] al-ḥadīth (The History of Modern Syria). Writings published in periodicals:
Notes
References
Sources
External links
Bint fikr (HathiTrust Digital Library)
1848 births
1919 deaths
Nahda
People from Aleppo
Syrian poets
Syrian women writers
Syrian Melkite Greek Catholics
20th-century Syrian writers
20th-century Syrian women writers
Syrian salon-holders
Syrian women poets
19th-century Syrian women writers
Arabic-language women poets
Arabic-language poets | [
"Maryana bint Fathallah",
"Nasrallah Marrash",
"Maryana al",
"Marrash",
"Maryana Marrash al Halabi",
"Maryana Marrash",
"Butrus Marrash",
"Jibrail Marrash",
"Maryana",
"Marrash",
"Marrash",
"Marrash",
"Marrash",
"Marrash",
"Maryana",
"Marrash",
"Marrash",
"Marrash",
"Marrash"
] | <mask> bin <mask> was a Syrian writer and poet. She was the first Syrian woman to publish a collection of poetry. She is thought to be the first woman to write in Arabic daily newspapers. <mask> was the daughter of an old Melkite family of merchants who were known for their literary interests. A relative of <mask> was killed in the midst of a Catholic–Orthodox clash in April 1818, but the family was well established in the 18th century. The priest of the Melkite Catholics was exiled from the city during the persecutions. In 1849, <mask>'s father wrote a book in which he rejected the Filioque.He built a large private library to give his three children a thorough education, particularly in the field of Arabic language and literature. According to Marilyn Booth, Maryana's mother was from the famous al-Antaki family. The future of the Arabs was one of the main topics of discussion in the intellectual center of the Ottoman Empire. The <mask> family learned Arabic with French and other foreign languages in the French missionary schools. At a time when Eastern Mediterranean women didn't receive an education, Maryana's parents challenged the belief that a girl should not be educated so she wouldn't sit in the men's reception room. Fathallah put his daughter in a Maronite school. Maryana was educated by the nuns.She attended an English school in Lebanon. In addition to her formal education in these schools, she was exposed to French and Anglo-Saxon cultures and was taught Arabic literature by her father and brothers. Maryana excelled in French, Arabic and mathematics according to the first biographies of her. She was unique in the city and people looked at her with a different eye. She initially wanted to remain single. After her mother's death, she was persuaded to marry a scion of a local Christian family. They had three children.Al-Jinan and Lisan al-hal, both of Lebanon, were contributors to journals. She criticized the condition of Arab women and urged them to seek education and express themselves on matters of concern to them. Her poetry was published in Lebanon in 1893. The Ottoman government granted permission for <mask> to print her book after she wrote a poem about Sultan Abdul Hamid II. Some of the panegyrics included in the collection were praised by the Ottoman governors of Aleppo. Her poetry was more traditional in style than her brother's, as exemplified by the elegy she composed to mourn his death; yet, she was at home with the poetry of French romantics, especially that of Alphonse de Lamartine and Alfred de Musset. The emergence of a woman writing in the press and writing poetry in this dark era was a significant event.Her appearance in these dark nights was like a bright star in the center of the heavens, and it was rare for men to read or write about her. There is a history of late Ottoman Syria in her non-fiction works. She held her salon in the home she shared with her husband. She was impressed by what she saw when she traveled to Europe. <mask> <mask> turned her house into a gathering place for a group of celebrated writers who met there on a regular basis to discuss literature, music, and political and social issues. It did not start from scratch since most of the participants were regular visitors to her family's home, and there are no proof that she created her salon after seeing similar ones in Europe. Politicians and members of the foreign diplomatic corps were among the members of Maryana's salon.<mask> entertained her guests with her qanun and singing while she was fully engaged in the intellectual discourse. Wearing either all black or all white dresses ordered from Paris, <mask> hosted a mixed evening get-togethers in which literary topics as varied as the Muallaqat. Wine and 'araq flowed freely, chess and card games were played, and participants sang, danced, and listened to records. Heghnar Zeitlian Watenpaugh thought Sha'arawi's description was apocryphal. Bint fikr is a Daughter of Thought. The History of Modern Syria is a book. Writings published in periodicals include: Notes References Sources External links | [
"Maryanat Fathallah",
"Nasrallah Marrash",
"Maryana Marrash",
"Maryana",
"Maryana",
"Marrash",
"Marrash",
"Maryana",
"Marrash",
"Marrash",
"Marrash"
] |
1193933 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline%20McKenzie | Jacqueline McKenzie | Jacqueline Susan McKenzie (born 24 October 1967) is an Australian film and stage actress.
Early life
Born in Sydney, New South Wales, McKenzie attended Wenona School in North Sydney until 1983 then moved to Pymble Ladies' College, where she graduated in 1985 with her Higher School Certificate. Known at school for her fine singing voice, McKenzie was cast as Nancy in Oliver! then in Godspell (both a co-production with Shore School) and later in Brigadoon (a co-production with Knox Grammar School), sharing the stage with Hugh Jackman, who was a student at Knox at the time.
Career
Early years
McKenzie studied for a Bachelor of Arts degree at the University of New South Wales. While at university, she began modelling. Represented by Cameron's Management, she worked in both print and television media. She also took regular singing lessons with Australian vocal coach Bob Tasman-Smith. In 1987, McKenzie was cast as the lead in the pilot of television series All The Way alongside Ben Mendelsohn, Robert Mammone, Rowena Wallace and Martin Sacks. During this time, she came to the attention of casting agent Liz Mullinar, who had cast Judy Davis in My Brilliant Career and Nicole Kidman in Dead Calm. Following advice from Mullinar, McKenzie auditioned for the National Institute of Dramatic Art (NIDA) and was accepted. Opting out of both her arts degree and All The Way, McKenzie attended NIDA in 1988. She graduated in December 1990.
1991 to 1995
In 1991, McKenzie was awarded "Best Newcomer Award" from the Sydney Theatre Critics Circle, which recognized her chameleon-like ability and her consistently high-calibre work in theatre productions Child Dancing (as Julie-Ann), The Master Builder (as Kaja), Twelfth Night (as Viola) and Rebecca (as Mrs de Winter). During rehearsals for Rebecca, director George Ogilvie allowed McKenzie time off to audition for a new Australian Independent feature film called Romper Stomper set to star Russell Crowe. She was subsequently cast in the film and went on to win Best Actress award at the Film Critics Circle of Australia. Russell would later say "Jacqui's range as an actor disappears over the horizon. And I'm not sure it can actually be defined. When I first saw her, in the play Rebecca, I saw an actor whom I thought was blowing me on the skin from the inside. She is an actor who is both delicate and magical." In her "nothing short of stunning" film debut in Romper Stomper, McKenzie was described as "especially shining in her courage, truth and skill." The role garnered her attention overseas, where she won Best Actress at the 1992 Stockholm International Film Festival for her "stark and non-sentimental portrayal of a young woman whose life has turned into a desperate chase for all she has lost: love, serenity, identity. Her character plays an essential part in creating the inexorable force and impact of the film." Over the next couple of years, she came to be regarded as one of Australia's most promising young actresses of stage and screen, showcasing a "phenomenal emotional range".
In 1994, McKenzie starred alongside David Wenham, Geoffrey Rush and Richard Roxburgh in Shakespeare's Hamlet, directed by Neil Armfield, for Belvoir St Theatre, Sydney. This sellout production was a critical, award-winning success with McKenzie's performance "so exquisitely pitched it could have shattered glass". "Jacqueline McKenzie's fragile Ophelia, dressed in cottontails and a tail-coat, turning the stage into a mind-state of shattered glass. Her presence awesomely palpable because of its sheer intangibility." The production went on to tour to Melbourne but McKenzie was unable to continue due to other work commitments. (Cate Blanchett took over the role of Ophelia for the tour).
McKenzie's performance in Hamlet was followed by her role as Joan of Arc in Bernard Shaw's Saint Joan, directed by Gale Edwards for the Sydney Theatre Company at the Sydney Opera House. This was the first time Saint Joan had been staged in Australia since the Zoe Caldwell production in 1962. Regarded as one of "the most revealing tests of an actress", and as "the female Hamlet", Edwards' production was both a critical and box office sensation with McKenzie's performance unanimously acclaimed: "This play stands or falls on the performance of St Joan and McKenzie is simply superb." "From the moment she enters, she sets the stage ablaze. McKenzie is a Joan to make the theatrical heavens rejoice... McKenzie offers us Joan in all her innocence, ignorance, joyful goodness that seems to light her from within and, almost until the end, a youthful sense of fun. Her slight stature can seem waif thin, piteously vulnerable; but raging into battle she's tough and sturdy, a young woman of intense and convincing action. Always in focus, like an unwavering flame, is McKenzie's Joan the Maid" and "Here is a Joan with such fortitude and faith that seems hardly possible to exist within such a delicate frame. McKenzie's waif-like image conceals remarkable strength, and an almost inexhaustible supply of emotion. It is a Joan to inspire the tamest among us to stand up as individuals, and listen to the voices inside of us. Shaw himself would have been reluctantly impressed."
Described by head of NIDA, John Clarke, as "A chameleon" "one of the most talented actresses we have produced... she's an absolute dynamo, a powerhouse," McKenzie had fast earned a reputation as one of the most versatile actresses of her generation, taking on varied and often difficult roles. Equally adept in drama or comedy, she was described as the "Judy Davis of her generation (or funnily enough, the green eyed American actor Meg Ryan)" In 1992, Ben Elton cast her as the lead role of "Rachel", the feisty environmentalist, in the television adaptation of his hit novel Stark. The mini-series was a BBC/ABC comedy, was directed by Nadia Tass and co-starred Ben Elton and Colin Friels. McKenzie received an Australian Film Institute Award nomination for Best Actress in a Miniseries for the role. The same year (1993), she scored a Best Actress in a Feature Film nomination for her comedic turn in the indie comedy, This Won't Hurt a Bit, playing Vanessa Presscott, a nerdy English ingénue with a speech impediment. In 1994, McKenzie reunited with director George Ogilvie (who had directed her in Rebecca and Twelfth Night) to play the lead role of Dancy Smith in the adaptation of Kylie Tennant's famous depression-era drama The Battlers. The mini-series co-starred Gary Sweet and played on the Seven Network. McKenzie was nominated again for Best Actress in a TV Drama at the Australian Film Institute 1994 awards. That same year, McKenzie was also nominated for Best Supporting Actress in the feature film Traps, directed by Pauline Chan. Playing the French girl living in Colonial Vietnam, McKenzie got to showcase her versatility by speaking in both French and Vietnamese for the role.
In 1995, McKenzie made Australian Film Institute history by winning the Beyond Best Actress in a Leading Role for Angel Baby and the Beyond Best Actress Award in a TV Drama for Halifax f.p.: Lies of the Mind. She also won the Silver Logie for Most Outstanding Actress at the Logie Awards for her role in Halifax f.p. It was for playing the young lover Kate, opposite John Lynch's Harry in the Michael Rymer–helmed drama Angel Baby, that McKenzie received international acclaim: The LA Weekly reviewed: "McKenzie is a find. Whether using answers on the Wheel of Fortune as a kind of daily horoscope, or cringing in terror as the upright legs of chairs in an empty restaurant seem to whisper at her, she is blazingly equal to the extremes of animal panic and hyperconscious insight that are the north and south of this movie's humane compass." Angel Baby also featured actress Deborra-Lee Furness and Colin Friels. In 1996, McKenzie was awarded Australian Star of the Year at the Australian Movie Convention.
1996 to 2003
McKenzie ventured to the US, where she starred in the films Deep Blue Sea (1999) directed by Renny Harlin with Samuel L. Jackson, Thomas Jane and Michael Rapaport; Divine Secrets of the Ya-Ya Sisterhood (2002) with Sandra Bullock, Ashley Judd, Ellen Burstyn, Kiersten Warren and James Garner; Freak Weather, with Aida Turturro and John Carroll Lynch; Love from Ground Zero with Simon Baker and Pruitt Taylor Vince, as well as tele-movie When Billie Beat Bobby, starring Holly Hunter and Ron Silver. She starred in the UK independent films Eisenstein with Simon McBurney and Kiss Kiss (Bang Bang) with Stellan Skarsgård, Chris Penn and Paul Bettany.
In 2001, McKenzie was given a United States green card in March 2001 for "Person of Extraordinary Ability". She made her US theatre debut, starring as Rita in Willy Russell's Educating Rita, at the Williamstown Theatre Festival directed by Bruce Paltrow and co-starring Edward Herrmann. It was a huge success. "This production had the inexhaustible talents of Jacqueline McKenzie, an utterly charming and irrepressible Australian, whose cockney accent was spot on and characterization was full-cocked. Bursting onto the stage like a fire-engine responding to a five-alarm conflagration, McKenzie was a dynamo with enough energy to fill simultaneous performances of this and Pygmalion (a sure bet for her if the WTF wants to bring her back – and it should). Suffice to say, hers will surely be among the most memorable and reason enough to revive Rita."
She was cast as a lead in the US television pilot for ABC called MEDS (later MDs), directed by Michael Hoffman and starring John Hannah. She played Dockdaisy in the National Actors Theatre / Complicite co-production of The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui, by Bertolt Brecht. Directed by Simon McBurney this cast included Al Pacino, Steve Buscemi, Chazz Palminteri, John Goodman, Paul Giamatti, Billy Crudup, Lothaire Bluteau, Linda Emond, Tony Randall and Charles Durning. After this production, McKenzie returned to Australia to star as Catherine in the Pulitzer Prize Winning play Proof by David Auburn. Directed by George Ogilvie and starring Barry Otto, this "tour de force from McKenzie" broke all previously held box office records at the Sydney Opera House, Drama Theatre. Mckenzie followed the success of Proof by taking the lead role of Jude in the Australian feature film Peaches, starring Hugo Weaving and Emma Lung. Directed by Craig Monahan, the role garnered McKenzie a Best Actress Award from the Film Critics Circle of Australia with her performance described as a "revelation": "never more so than in the scene where she sings 'The Carnival Is Over' across a pub counter." From Peaches, McKenzie began work with Paul Cox (Man of Flowers, Innocence) in the feature film Human Touch starring as a young chorister estranged from her husband: "McKenzie makes Anna's sensual awakening both sensual and real".
2004 to 2015
In 2004, McKenzie made the switch to prime-time television in a role that would catapult her to international stardom. Cast as the lead female detective Diana Skouris in the US prime-time science fiction television series The 4400 from Executive Producer Francis Ford Coppola, McKenzie was cast alongside Joel Gretsch (Taken, Minority Report) – an onscreen partnership oft likened to Mulder and Scully. Directed by Yves Simoneau with show runner Ira Steven Behr (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine), The 4400 was the highest-rated debut on US cable for 2004, earning a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Best Mini-Series. The show ran on the USA Network for four seasons, ending in 2007. In 2006, McKenzie also starred as Linda Landry in "Umney's Last Case" opposite William H. Macy – the third episode of Nightmares and Dreamscapes on TNT. In 2008, McKenzie starred as psychiatrist Veronica Hayden-Jones in the 13-part series Mental on the Fox Network, which was filmed at Fox Telecolombia in Bogotá, Colombia. Starring Annabella Sciorra, this was the first American television series to be filmed in Latin America for international markets. McKenzie guest starred in Desperate Housewives, Without a Trace, CSI: Miami, Hawaii 5-0 and the Australian TV series Rake. She was cast as Emma Waddell in the Jeremy Sims–directed feature film Beneath Hill 60 and starred in the 2010 season finale of NCIS: Los Angeles alongside former Deep Blue Sea castmate LL Cool J.
In 2011, Cate Blanchett and Andrew Upton, the co-artistic directors of the Sydney Theatre Company, invited McKenzie to star in their production of Sarah Ruhl's In the Next Room (or The Vibrator Play) at the Sydney Opera House, Drama Theatre. Co-starring Mandy McElhinney, this production went on tour to Melbourne Theatre Company, Wollongong, Canberra and Parramatta Riverside Theatre, earning McKenzie a Best Actress nomination at the Green Room Awards for her role as Mrs Givings. This was McKenzie's first play since her critically acclaimed turn as Catherine in David Auburn's Pulitzer Prize–winning play Proof, which sold out at the Sydney Opera House in 2003.
In 2012, she accepted Cate Blanchett and Andrew Upton's invitation to star in the Australian premiere of the two-hander Sex With Strangers by American playwright Laura Eason (House of Cards) for the Sydney Theatre Company. This critically acclaimed production co-starred Ryan Corr and was directed by Jocelyn Moorhouse. An award-winning director of many films including How to Make an American Quilt, this was Jocelyn's first play.
In 2013, McKenzie starred in the seminal role of Margaret (a.k.a. Maggie) in Cat on a Hot Tin Roof by Tennessee Williams for Belvoir St., directed by Simon Stone, co-starring Ewen Leslie (as Brick) and Marshall Napier (as Big Daddy). A sell-out production with an extension season at the Theatre Royal, Sydney, McKenzie's performance, in the role that made Elizabeth Taylor famous, was highly acclaimed: "Jacqueline McKenzie has far more scope in this play than she had in the recent Sex with Strangers to display her mesmerizing and neurasthenic talents that are so reminiscent of the early Judy Davis. She squirms, hops, skips and flops through the drama with a manic intensity that is breathtaking to watch from the first scene when she works her way through about a dozen changes of clothing and many pairs of 'hot' shoes during her long and intense opening monologue" and "McKenzie has been playing some major roles in Sydney recently but here is a great one, finally worthy of her ability, and she rises to it magnificently. Her Maggie is full of feverish energy, and hard-won, hard-edged glamour that a woman who has clawed herself up out of poverty to become the wife of the descendant of a crass but very rich family might be expected to display. She is better than them. She is beautiful, her smile is always bright but brief glimpses of self-doubt betray her origins, and her eyes betray her desperation." "This is a good production, made great by McKenzie's beautiful performance."
McKenzie returned to the Sydney Opera House in 2014 to play Liza in Andrew Upton's adaptation of the Gorky classic Children of the Sun for the Sydney Theatre Company. Co-starring with Justine Clarke and Toby Truslove, under the direction of Kip Williams, the production was immensely successful, garnering McKenzie a nomination for Best Actress at the 2014 Sydney Theatre Awards.
In 2014, McKenzie reunited with her Romper Stomper co-star, Russell Crowe, to perform in his feature-film-directing debut, The Water Diviner, in which he also stars. With a handpicked cast that included Yılmaz Erdoğan, Olga Kurylenko, Ryan Corr, Jai Courtney, Steve Bastoni and Cem Yılmaz, The Water Diviner was nominated for eight AACTA awards including Best Supporting Actress in a feature film for McKenzie, who played the role of Russell's grieving wife Lizzie. For this performance, McKenzie won Best Supporting Actress at the 2014 Film Critics Circle of Australia Awards.
Films to be released: Force of Destiny, written and directed by Paul Cox and starring David Wenham and Shahana Goswami. This will premiere at the Melbourne International Film Festival; Fell, written and directed by Kasimir Burgess and starring Matt Nable and Daniel Henshall.
In 2015, McKenzie starred alongside Richard Roxburgh and Cate Blanchett in the Sydney Theatre Company production of The Present, by Anton Chekhov. Adapted by Andrew Upton, this production was directed by John Crowley. That production moved in 2016/17 to the Ethel Barrymore Theatre in Manhattan for the Broadway debut of McKenzie and the rest of the cast. She also starred as Orlando in the Sarah Ruhl play Orlando, based on the novel by Virginia Woolf (made famous by the 1992 film directed by Sally Potter and starring Tilda Swinton). Directed by Sarah Goodes, Orlando ran at the Sydney Opera House for the Sydney Theatre Company.
McKenzie was nominated for Best Actress in Orlando and Best Supporting Actress in The Present at the 2015 Sydney Theatre Awards.
2016 to present
In 2016, McKenzie reunited with her former Stark! co-star Ben Elton for his romantic comedy Three Summers filming in Perth. The ensemble also featured Robert Sheean, Magda Szubanski, Michael Caton and Rebecca Breeds.
In August 2016 McKenzie filmed the independent movie Harmony in Wollongong and Sydney, Australia.
McKenzie starred as Jane Chandler in Australian feature film The Gateway in October 2016. Written by Michael White and directed by John Soto, the sci-fi film also starred Myles Pollard and Ben Mortley. The film follows the journey of a particle physicist who, grieving over the loss of her husband in a car crash, uses a revolutionary machine to bring him back with dire consequences for her family.
In May 2017, SBS announced that McKenzie had been cast in their new four-part drama Safe Harbour about a group of Australians who come across a boat of refugees whilst sailing on vacation. The mini-series, produced by Matchbox Pictures, also stars Phoebe Tonkin, Ewen Leslie and Joel Jackson.
In June 2017 McKenzie began filming Luke Sparke's movie Occupation (film) with Charles Mesure, Temeura Morrison and Dan Ewing about a group of town residents banding together after a devastating ground invasion.
In August 2017, McKenzie started shooting the TV series Romper Stomper, a follow-up to the 1992 cult classic movie in which she starred with Russell Crowe. The series, conceived and directed by Geoffrey Wright (creator of the original film) and produced by John Edwards, premiered on Australian streaming platform Stan on New Years Day 2018, breaking all records for original content. The series is due to air in the United Kingdom on the BBC later in 2018. For her role in the series McKenzie was awarded a Logie for Most Outstanding Supporting Actress at the Logie Awards of 2018.
At the CinefestOZ awards in August 2017, McKenzie was honoured with the Screen Legend Award, recognising her contribution and excellence in the film industry.
Starred alongside Sam Neill, Greta Scacchi and Bryan Brown in the movie Palm Beach (2019) . This was directed by Rachel Ward.
Reunited with friends from drama school, Essie Davis and Daniel Lapaine, on the hit film Miss Fisher and the Crypt of Tears (a spinoff of the series Miss Fisher Murder Mysteries)
2019 saw Jacqueline return to the Sydney Theatre Company to play Alice in Lucy Kirkwood's Mosquitoes (play) at the Sydney Opera House. In 2020, she starred in series 2 of the Stan original series Bloom alongside Jackie Weaver and Bryan Brown. She also reprised her award-winning role "Sharon Sinclair", from the series Halifax f.p., in the reboot Halifax: Retribution .
In 2021, McKenzie appeared with Annabelle Wallis in James Wan's horror film Malignant, and starred alongside Jane Seymour in Australia feature film Ruby's Choice.
Music
McKenzie's hobbies include composing and recording music. Past collaborators include Vic Levak (Balligomingo) who co-wrote "Shy Baby" and Jim Hayden (Electrasy). When her 4400 co-star Joel Gretsch heard her song "Shy Baby", he took it to the producers of the show and as a result, it was used in the second-season finale "Mommy's Bosses" of The 4400. "Shy Baby" went on to be included in The 4400 soundtrack CD, released in April 2007.
Art and painting
An avid painter (since working with Aaron Blabey on the Paul Cox film The Human Touch), McKenzie's paintings have appeared in several publications, including Venice Magazine and OK!.
In the Fox TV series Mental, her paintings became set dressing, adorning the walls of her character's office in the final episodes of the show.
Personal life
In 1996, a portrait of McKenzie by Australian narrative painter Garry Shead was a finalist in the Archibald Prize and the Doug Moran National Portrait Prize.
She is a former partner of actor Simon McBurney. She has a daughter.
Filmography
Film
Television
Theatre
Oliver! as Nancy, school production
1991: Child Dancing as Julie-Ann, Griffin Theatre Company, dir. Michael Gow
1991: Twelfth Night as Viola, dir. George Ogilvie, Q Theatre Penrith
1991: The Master Builder as Kaja Fosli, Belvoir, dir. Neil Armfield
1991: Rebecca as Mrs de Winter, Marian Street Theatre, dir. George Ogilvie
1992: The Barber of Seville as Rosine, Marian Street Theatre, dir. Peter Kingston
1992: Vassa (Maxim Gorky) (as Natalia, NIDA, dir. John Clarke
1994: Hamlet as Ophelia, Company B (Sydney) and Playhouse (Melbourne), dir. Neil Armfield, with Geoffrey Rush, David Wenham, Richard Roxburgh, Gillian Jones
1995: Saint Joan as Joan, Sydney Theatre Company, Sydney Opera House dir. Gale Edwards
1997: The Governor's Family as Lara Mountgarrett, Belvoir, dir. Neil Armfield
2000: The White Devil as Isabella, Sydney Theatre Company and Brooklyn Academy of Music (2001), dir. Gale Edwards, with Angie Milliken, Marcus Graham, Jeremy Sims, Julia Blake, Bruce Spence, Hugo Weaving, Philip Quast, Paula Arundell
2001: Educating Rita as Rita, Williamstown Theatre Festival, dir. Bruce Paltrow, with Edward Herrmann
2002:The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui as Dock Daisy, Schimmel Center (New York), Complicite, dir. Simon McBurney, with Al Pacino, Steve Buscemi, John Goodman, Billy Crudup Paul Giamatti, Tony Randall, Charles Durning, Linda Emond, Chazz Palminteri, Dominic Chianese, Lothaire Bluteau
2003: Proof as Catherine, by David Auburn, Sydney Opera House dir. George Ogilvie, with Barry Otto
2011: In the Next Room (or The Vibrator Play) by Sarah Ruhl, as Catherine Givings, Sydney Opera House and Melbourne Theatre Company, dir. Pamela Rabe
2012: Sex with Strangers by Laura Eason, as Olivia, Sydney Theatre Company, dir. Jocelyn Moorhouse
2013: Cat on a Hot Tin Roof as Margaret, Maggie the Cat. Belvoir, dir. Simon Stone
2014: Children of the Sun by Maxim Gorky as Liza, dir: Kip Williams adapted by Andrew Upton, Sydney Theatre Company, Sydney Opera House
2015: The Present by Anton Chekhov as Sophia, adapted by Andrew Upton, Sydney Theatre Company dir. John Crowley; at the Sydney Theatre; in 2016/17 at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre in Manhattan
2015: Orlando as Orlando, adapted from Virginia Woolf's Orlando: A Biography by Sarah Ruhl, Sydney Theatre Company, Sydney Opera House
2019: Mosquitoes by Lucy Kirkwood as Alice. Dir: Jessica Arthur for Sydney Theatre Company, Sydney Opera House.
Awards and nominations
References
External links
Profile by Veronica Hayden-Jones, Global BC, 21 May 2009
STC Profile at the Sydney Theatre Company September 2014
"10 Questions: Jacqueline McKenzie, actress, 46" by Michael Bodey, The Australian, 6 September 2014
"Children of the Sun review: Female stars set Kip Williams' stage alight" by Jason Blake, The Sydney Morning Herald, September 2014
"IGN interview: The 4400s Jacqueline McKenzie" by Eric Goldman, IGN, 24 August 2006
"Can 4400s Diana See the Future?" by Matt Webb Mitovich, TV Guide, 2 June 2006
"On Duty", The Daily Telegraph (Sydney), 11 June 2011
"Proof", review, The Sydney Morning Herald, 16 June 2003
"Hot blush" by Catherine Keenan, The Sydney Morning Herald, 14 June 2003
"Entertain us: Jacqueline McKenzie", interview by Nathan Olivieri, The Sydney Morning Herald, 17 February 2013
Russell Crowe casting his directorial debut
The Water Diviner with stills shot
1967 births
Actresses from Sydney
Australian film actresses
Australian Shakespearean actresses
Australian television actresses
Best Actress AACTA Award winners
Living people
Logie Award winners
National Institute of Dramatic Art alumni
Australian people of Scottish descent
Australian people of Irish descent
20th-century Australian actresses
21st-century Australian actresses
Australian people of English descent
Australian expatriate actresses in the United States
People educated at Pymble Ladies' College | [
"Jacqueline Susan McKenzie (born 24 October 1967) is an Australian film and stage actress.",
"Early life\nBorn in Sydney, New South Wales, McKenzie attended Wenona School in North Sydney until 1983 then moved to Pymble Ladies' College, where she graduated in 1985 with her Higher School Certificate.",
"Known at school for her fine singing voice, McKenzie was cast as Nancy in Oliver!",
"then in Godspell (both a co-production with Shore School) and later in Brigadoon (a co-production with Knox Grammar School), sharing the stage with Hugh Jackman, who was a student at Knox at the time.",
"Career\n\nEarly years \nMcKenzie studied for a Bachelor of Arts degree at the University of New South Wales.",
"While at university, she began modelling.",
"Represented by Cameron's Management, she worked in both print and television media.",
"She also took regular singing lessons with Australian vocal coach Bob Tasman-Smith.",
"In 1987, McKenzie was cast as the lead in the pilot of television series All The Way alongside Ben Mendelsohn, Robert Mammone, Rowena Wallace and Martin Sacks.",
"During this time, she came to the attention of casting agent Liz Mullinar, who had cast Judy Davis in My Brilliant Career and Nicole Kidman in Dead Calm.",
"Following advice from Mullinar, McKenzie auditioned for the National Institute of Dramatic Art (NIDA) and was accepted.",
"Opting out of both her arts degree and All The Way, McKenzie attended NIDA in 1988.",
"She graduated in December 1990.",
"1991 to 1995\nIn 1991, McKenzie was awarded \"Best Newcomer Award\" from the Sydney Theatre Critics Circle, which recognized her chameleon-like ability and her consistently high-calibre work in theatre productions Child Dancing (as Julie-Ann), The Master Builder (as Kaja), Twelfth Night (as Viola) and Rebecca (as Mrs de Winter).",
"During rehearsals for Rebecca, director George Ogilvie allowed McKenzie time off to audition for a new Australian Independent feature film called Romper Stomper set to star Russell Crowe.",
"She was subsequently cast in the film and went on to win Best Actress award at the Film Critics Circle of Australia.",
"Russell would later say \"Jacqui's range as an actor disappears over the horizon.",
"And I'm not sure it can actually be defined.",
"When I first saw her, in the play Rebecca, I saw an actor whom I thought was blowing me on the skin from the inside.",
"She is an actor who is both delicate and magical.\"",
"In her \"nothing short of stunning\" film debut in Romper Stomper, McKenzie was described as \"especially shining in her courage, truth and skill.\"",
"The role garnered her attention overseas, where she won Best Actress at the 1992 Stockholm International Film Festival for her \"stark and non-sentimental portrayal of a young woman whose life has turned into a desperate chase for all she has lost: love, serenity, identity.",
"Her character plays an essential part in creating the inexorable force and impact of the film.\"",
"Over the next couple of years, she came to be regarded as one of Australia's most promising young actresses of stage and screen, showcasing a \"phenomenal emotional range\".",
"In 1994, McKenzie starred alongside David Wenham, Geoffrey Rush and Richard Roxburgh in Shakespeare's Hamlet, directed by Neil Armfield, for Belvoir St Theatre, Sydney.",
"This sellout production was a critical, award-winning success with McKenzie's performance \"so exquisitely pitched it could have shattered glass\".",
"\"Jacqueline McKenzie's fragile Ophelia, dressed in cottontails and a tail-coat, turning the stage into a mind-state of shattered glass.",
"Her presence awesomely palpable because of its sheer intangibility.\"",
"The production went on to tour to Melbourne but McKenzie was unable to continue due to other work commitments.",
"(Cate Blanchett took over the role of Ophelia for the tour).",
"McKenzie's performance in Hamlet was followed by her role as Joan of Arc in Bernard Shaw's Saint Joan, directed by Gale Edwards for the Sydney Theatre Company at the Sydney Opera House.",
"This was the first time Saint Joan had been staged in Australia since the Zoe Caldwell production in 1962.",
"Regarded as one of \"the most revealing tests of an actress\", and as \"the female Hamlet\", Edwards' production was both a critical and box office sensation with McKenzie's performance unanimously acclaimed: \"This play stands or falls on the performance of St Joan and McKenzie is simply superb.\"",
"\"From the moment she enters, she sets the stage ablaze.",
"McKenzie is a Joan to make the theatrical heavens rejoice... McKenzie offers us Joan in all her innocence, ignorance, joyful goodness that seems to light her from within and, almost until the end, a youthful sense of fun.",
"Her slight stature can seem waif thin, piteously vulnerable; but raging into battle she's tough and sturdy, a young woman of intense and convincing action.",
"Always in focus, like an unwavering flame, is McKenzie's Joan the Maid\" and \"Here is a Joan with such fortitude and faith that seems hardly possible to exist within such a delicate frame.",
"McKenzie's waif-like image conceals remarkable strength, and an almost inexhaustible supply of emotion.",
"It is a Joan to inspire the tamest among us to stand up as individuals, and listen to the voices inside of us.",
"Shaw himself would have been reluctantly impressed.\"",
"Described by head of NIDA, John Clarke, as \"A chameleon\" \"one of the most talented actresses we have produced... she's an absolute dynamo, a powerhouse,\" McKenzie had fast earned a reputation as one of the most versatile actresses of her generation, taking on varied and often difficult roles.",
"Equally adept in drama or comedy, she was described as the \"Judy Davis of her generation (or funnily enough, the green eyed American actor Meg Ryan)\" In 1992, Ben Elton cast her as the lead role of \"Rachel\", the feisty environmentalist, in the television adaptation of his hit novel Stark.",
"The mini-series was a BBC/ABC comedy, was directed by Nadia Tass and co-starred Ben Elton and Colin Friels.",
"McKenzie received an Australian Film Institute Award nomination for Best Actress in a Miniseries for the role.",
"The same year (1993), she scored a Best Actress in a Feature Film nomination for her comedic turn in the indie comedy, This Won't Hurt a Bit, playing Vanessa Presscott, a nerdy English ingénue with a speech impediment.",
"In 1994, McKenzie reunited with director George Ogilvie (who had directed her in Rebecca and Twelfth Night) to play the lead role of Dancy Smith in the adaptation of Kylie Tennant's famous depression-era drama The Battlers.",
"The mini-series co-starred Gary Sweet and played on the Seven Network.",
"McKenzie was nominated again for Best Actress in a TV Drama at the Australian Film Institute 1994 awards.",
"That same year, McKenzie was also nominated for Best Supporting Actress in the feature film Traps, directed by Pauline Chan.",
"Playing the French girl living in Colonial Vietnam, McKenzie got to showcase her versatility by speaking in both French and Vietnamese for the role.",
"In 1995, McKenzie made Australian Film Institute history by winning the Beyond Best Actress in a Leading Role for Angel Baby and the Beyond Best Actress Award in a TV Drama for Halifax f.p.",
": Lies of the Mind.",
"She also won the Silver Logie for Most Outstanding Actress at the Logie Awards for her role in Halifax f.p.",
"It was for playing the young lover Kate, opposite John Lynch's Harry in the Michael Rymer–helmed drama Angel Baby, that McKenzie received international acclaim: The LA Weekly reviewed: \"McKenzie is a find.",
"Whether using answers on the Wheel of Fortune as a kind of daily horoscope, or cringing in terror as the upright legs of chairs in an empty restaurant seem to whisper at her, she is blazingly equal to the extremes of animal panic and hyperconscious insight that are the north and south of this movie's humane compass.\"",
"Angel Baby also featured actress Deborra-Lee Furness and Colin Friels.",
"In 1996, McKenzie was awarded Australian Star of the Year at the Australian Movie Convention.",
"1996 to 2003 \nMcKenzie ventured to the US, where she starred in the films Deep Blue Sea (1999) directed by Renny Harlin with Samuel L. Jackson, Thomas Jane and Michael Rapaport; Divine Secrets of the Ya-Ya Sisterhood (2002) with Sandra Bullock, Ashley Judd, Ellen Burstyn, Kiersten Warren and James Garner; Freak Weather, with Aida Turturro and John Carroll Lynch; Love from Ground Zero with Simon Baker and Pruitt Taylor Vince, as well as tele-movie When Billie Beat Bobby, starring Holly Hunter and Ron Silver.",
"She starred in the UK independent films Eisenstein with Simon McBurney and Kiss Kiss (Bang Bang) with Stellan Skarsgård, Chris Penn and Paul Bettany.",
"In 2001, McKenzie was given a United States green card in March 2001 for \"Person of Extraordinary Ability\".",
"She made her US theatre debut, starring as Rita in Willy Russell's Educating Rita, at the Williamstown Theatre Festival directed by Bruce Paltrow and co-starring Edward Herrmann.",
"It was a huge success.",
"\"This production had the inexhaustible talents of Jacqueline McKenzie, an utterly charming and irrepressible Australian, whose cockney accent was spot on and characterization was full-cocked.",
"Bursting onto the stage like a fire-engine responding to a five-alarm conflagration, McKenzie was a dynamo with enough energy to fill simultaneous performances of this and Pygmalion (a sure bet for her if the WTF wants to bring her back – and it should).",
"Suffice to say, hers will surely be among the most memorable and reason enough to revive Rita.\"",
"She was cast as a lead in the US television pilot for ABC called MEDS (later MDs), directed by Michael Hoffman and starring John Hannah.",
"She played Dockdaisy in the National Actors Theatre / Complicite co-production of The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui, by Bertolt Brecht.",
"Directed by Simon McBurney this cast included Al Pacino, Steve Buscemi, Chazz Palminteri, John Goodman, Paul Giamatti, Billy Crudup, Lothaire Bluteau, Linda Emond, Tony Randall and Charles Durning.",
"After this production, McKenzie returned to Australia to star as Catherine in the Pulitzer Prize Winning play Proof by David Auburn.",
"Directed by George Ogilvie and starring Barry Otto, this \"tour de force from McKenzie\" broke all previously held box office records at the Sydney Opera House, Drama Theatre.",
"Mckenzie followed the success of Proof by taking the lead role of Jude in the Australian feature film Peaches, starring Hugo Weaving and Emma Lung.",
"Directed by Craig Monahan, the role garnered McKenzie a Best Actress Award from the Film Critics Circle of Australia with her performance described as a \"revelation\": \"never more so than in the scene where she sings 'The Carnival Is Over' across a pub counter.\"",
"From Peaches, McKenzie began work with Paul Cox (Man of Flowers, Innocence) in the feature film Human Touch starring as a young chorister estranged from her husband: \"McKenzie makes Anna's sensual awakening both sensual and real\".",
"2004 to 2015 \nIn 2004, McKenzie made the switch to prime-time television in a role that would catapult her to international stardom.",
"Cast as the lead female detective Diana Skouris in the US prime-time science fiction television series The 4400 from Executive Producer Francis Ford Coppola, McKenzie was cast alongside Joel Gretsch (Taken, Minority Report) – an onscreen partnership oft likened to Mulder and Scully.",
"Directed by Yves Simoneau with show runner Ira Steven Behr (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine), The 4400 was the highest-rated debut on US cable for 2004, earning a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Best Mini-Series.",
"The show ran on the USA Network for four seasons, ending in 2007.",
"In 2006, McKenzie also starred as Linda Landry in \"Umney's Last Case\" opposite William H. Macy – the third episode of Nightmares and Dreamscapes on TNT.",
"In 2008, McKenzie starred as psychiatrist Veronica Hayden-Jones in the 13-part series Mental on the Fox Network, which was filmed at Fox Telecolombia in Bogotá, Colombia.",
"Starring Annabella Sciorra, this was the first American television series to be filmed in Latin America for international markets.",
"McKenzie guest starred in Desperate Housewives, Without a Trace, CSI: Miami, Hawaii 5-0 and the Australian TV series Rake.",
"She was cast as Emma Waddell in the Jeremy Sims–directed feature film Beneath Hill 60 and starred in the 2010 season finale of NCIS: Los Angeles alongside former Deep Blue Sea castmate LL Cool J.",
"In 2011, Cate Blanchett and Andrew Upton, the co-artistic directors of the Sydney Theatre Company, invited McKenzie to star in their production of Sarah Ruhl's In the Next Room (or The Vibrator Play) at the Sydney Opera House, Drama Theatre.",
"Co-starring Mandy McElhinney, this production went on tour to Melbourne Theatre Company, Wollongong, Canberra and Parramatta Riverside Theatre, earning McKenzie a Best Actress nomination at the Green Room Awards for her role as Mrs Givings.",
"This was McKenzie's first play since her critically acclaimed turn as Catherine in David Auburn's Pulitzer Prize–winning play Proof, which sold out at the Sydney Opera House in 2003.",
"In 2012, she accepted Cate Blanchett and Andrew Upton's invitation to star in the Australian premiere of the two-hander Sex With Strangers by American playwright Laura Eason (House of Cards) for the Sydney Theatre Company.",
"This critically acclaimed production co-starred Ryan Corr and was directed by Jocelyn Moorhouse.",
"An award-winning director of many films including How to Make an American Quilt, this was Jocelyn's first play.",
"In 2013, McKenzie starred in the seminal role of Margaret (a.k.a.",
"Maggie) in Cat on a Hot Tin Roof by Tennessee Williams for Belvoir St., directed by Simon Stone, co-starring Ewen Leslie (as Brick) and Marshall Napier (as Big Daddy).",
"A sell-out production with an extension season at the Theatre Royal, Sydney, McKenzie's performance, in the role that made Elizabeth Taylor famous, was highly acclaimed: \"Jacqueline McKenzie has far more scope in this play than she had in the recent Sex with Strangers to display her mesmerizing and neurasthenic talents that are so reminiscent of the early Judy Davis.",
"She squirms, hops, skips and flops through the drama with a manic intensity that is breathtaking to watch from the first scene when she works her way through about a dozen changes of clothing and many pairs of 'hot' shoes during her long and intense opening monologue\" and \"McKenzie has been playing some major roles in Sydney recently but here is a great one, finally worthy of her ability, and she rises to it magnificently.",
"Her Maggie is full of feverish energy, and hard-won, hard-edged glamour that a woman who has clawed herself up out of poverty to become the wife of the descendant of a crass but very rich family might be expected to display.",
"She is better than them.",
"She is beautiful, her smile is always bright but brief glimpses of self-doubt betray her origins, and her eyes betray her desperation.\"",
"\"This is a good production, made great by McKenzie's beautiful performance.\"",
"McKenzie returned to the Sydney Opera House in 2014 to play Liza in Andrew Upton's adaptation of the Gorky classic Children of the Sun for the Sydney Theatre Company.",
"Co-starring with Justine Clarke and Toby Truslove, under the direction of Kip Williams, the production was immensely successful, garnering McKenzie a nomination for Best Actress at the 2014 Sydney Theatre Awards.",
"In 2014, McKenzie reunited with her Romper Stomper co-star, Russell Crowe, to perform in his feature-film-directing debut, The Water Diviner, in which he also stars.",
"With a handpicked cast that included Yılmaz Erdoğan, Olga Kurylenko, Ryan Corr, Jai Courtney, Steve Bastoni and Cem Yılmaz, The Water Diviner was nominated for eight AACTA awards including Best Supporting Actress in a feature film for McKenzie, who played the role of Russell's grieving wife Lizzie.",
"For this performance, McKenzie won Best Supporting Actress at the 2014 Film Critics Circle of Australia Awards.",
"Films to be released: Force of Destiny, written and directed by Paul Cox and starring David Wenham and Shahana Goswami.",
"This will premiere at the Melbourne International Film Festival; Fell, written and directed by Kasimir Burgess and starring Matt Nable and Daniel Henshall.",
"In 2015, McKenzie starred alongside Richard Roxburgh and Cate Blanchett in the Sydney Theatre Company production of The Present, by Anton Chekhov.",
"Adapted by Andrew Upton, this production was directed by John Crowley.",
"That production moved in 2016/17 to the Ethel Barrymore Theatre in Manhattan for the Broadway debut of McKenzie and the rest of the cast.",
"She also starred as Orlando in the Sarah Ruhl play Orlando, based on the novel by Virginia Woolf (made famous by the 1992 film directed by Sally Potter and starring Tilda Swinton).",
"Directed by Sarah Goodes, Orlando ran at the Sydney Opera House for the Sydney Theatre Company.",
"McKenzie was nominated for Best Actress in Orlando and Best Supporting Actress in The Present at the 2015 Sydney Theatre Awards.",
"2016 to present \nIn 2016, McKenzie reunited with her former Stark!",
"co-star Ben Elton for his romantic comedy Three Summers filming in Perth.",
"The ensemble also featured Robert Sheean, Magda Szubanski, Michael Caton and Rebecca Breeds.",
"In August 2016 McKenzie filmed the independent movie Harmony in Wollongong and Sydney, Australia.",
"McKenzie starred as Jane Chandler in Australian feature film The Gateway in October 2016.",
"Written by Michael White and directed by John Soto, the sci-fi film also starred Myles Pollard and Ben Mortley.",
"The film follows the journey of a particle physicist who, grieving over the loss of her husband in a car crash, uses a revolutionary machine to bring him back with dire consequences for her family.",
"In May 2017, SBS announced that McKenzie had been cast in their new four-part drama Safe Harbour about a group of Australians who come across a boat of refugees whilst sailing on vacation.",
"The mini-series, produced by Matchbox Pictures, also stars Phoebe Tonkin, Ewen Leslie and Joel Jackson.",
"In June 2017 McKenzie began filming Luke Sparke's movie Occupation (film) with Charles Mesure, Temeura Morrison and Dan Ewing about a group of town residents banding together after a devastating ground invasion.",
"In August 2017, McKenzie started shooting the TV series Romper Stomper, a follow-up to the 1992 cult classic movie in which she starred with Russell Crowe.",
"The series, conceived and directed by Geoffrey Wright (creator of the original film) and produced by John Edwards, premiered on Australian streaming platform Stan on New Years Day 2018, breaking all records for original content.",
"The series is due to air in the United Kingdom on the BBC later in 2018.",
"For her role in the series McKenzie was awarded a Logie for Most Outstanding Supporting Actress at the Logie Awards of 2018.",
"At the CinefestOZ awards in August 2017, McKenzie was honoured with the Screen Legend Award, recognising her contribution and excellence in the film industry.",
"Starred alongside Sam Neill, Greta Scacchi and Bryan Brown in the movie Palm Beach (2019) .",
"This was directed by Rachel Ward.",
"Reunited with friends from drama school, Essie Davis and Daniel Lapaine, on the hit film Miss Fisher and the Crypt of Tears (a spinoff of the series Miss Fisher Murder Mysteries)\n\n2019 saw Jacqueline return to the Sydney Theatre Company to play Alice in Lucy Kirkwood's Mosquitoes (play) at the Sydney Opera House.",
"In 2020, she starred in series 2 of the Stan original series Bloom alongside Jackie Weaver and Bryan Brown.",
"She also reprised her award-winning role \"Sharon Sinclair\", from the series Halifax f.p., in the reboot Halifax: Retribution .",
"In 2021, McKenzie appeared with Annabelle Wallis in James Wan's horror film Malignant, and starred alongside Jane Seymour in Australia feature film Ruby's Choice.",
"Music\nMcKenzie's hobbies include composing and recording music.",
"Past collaborators include Vic Levak (Balligomingo) who co-wrote \"Shy Baby\" and Jim Hayden (Electrasy).",
"When her 4400 co-star Joel Gretsch heard her song \"Shy Baby\", he took it to the producers of the show and as a result, it was used in the second-season finale \"Mommy's Bosses\" of The 4400.",
"\"Shy Baby\" went on to be included in The 4400 soundtrack CD, released in April 2007.",
"Art and painting \nAn avid painter (since working with Aaron Blabey on the Paul Cox film The Human Touch), McKenzie's paintings have appeared in several publications, including Venice Magazine and OK!.",
"In the Fox TV series Mental, her paintings became set dressing, adorning the walls of her character's office in the final episodes of the show.",
"Personal life\nIn 1996, a portrait of McKenzie by Australian narrative painter Garry Shead was a finalist in the Archibald Prize and the Doug Moran National Portrait Prize.",
"She is a former partner of actor Simon McBurney.",
"She has a daughter.",
"Filmography\n\nFilm\n\nTelevision\n\nTheatre\nOliver!",
"as Nancy, school production\n1991: Child Dancing as Julie-Ann, Griffin Theatre Company, dir.",
"Michael Gow\n1991: Twelfth Night as Viola, dir.",
"George Ogilvie, Q Theatre Penrith\n1991: The Master Builder as Kaja Fosli, Belvoir, dir.",
"Neil Armfield\n1991: Rebecca as Mrs de Winter, Marian Street Theatre, dir.",
"George Ogilvie\n1992: The Barber of Seville as Rosine, Marian Street Theatre, dir.",
"Peter Kingston\n1992: Vassa (Maxim Gorky) (as Natalia, NIDA, dir.",
"John Clarke\n1994: Hamlet as Ophelia, Company B (Sydney) and Playhouse (Melbourne), dir.",
"Neil Armfield, with Geoffrey Rush, David Wenham, Richard Roxburgh, Gillian Jones\n1995: Saint Joan as Joan, Sydney Theatre Company, Sydney Opera House dir.",
"Gale Edwards\n1997: The Governor's Family as Lara Mountgarrett, Belvoir, dir.",
"Neil Armfield\n2000: The White Devil as Isabella, Sydney Theatre Company and Brooklyn Academy of Music (2001), dir.",
"Gale Edwards, with Angie Milliken, Marcus Graham, Jeremy Sims, Julia Blake, Bruce Spence, Hugo Weaving, Philip Quast, Paula Arundell\n2001: Educating Rita as Rita, Williamstown Theatre Festival, dir.",
"Bruce Paltrow, with Edward Herrmann\n2002:The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui as Dock Daisy, Schimmel Center (New York), Complicite, dir.",
"Simon McBurney, with Al Pacino, Steve Buscemi, John Goodman, Billy Crudup Paul Giamatti, Tony Randall, Charles Durning, Linda Emond, Chazz Palminteri, Dominic Chianese, Lothaire Bluteau\n2003: Proof as Catherine, by David Auburn, Sydney Opera House dir.",
"George Ogilvie, with Barry Otto\n2011: In the Next Room (or The Vibrator Play) by Sarah Ruhl, as Catherine Givings, Sydney Opera House and Melbourne Theatre Company, dir.",
"Pamela Rabe\n2012: Sex with Strangers by Laura Eason, as Olivia, Sydney Theatre Company, dir.",
"Jocelyn Moorhouse\n2013: Cat on a Hot Tin Roof as Margaret, Maggie the Cat.",
"Belvoir, dir.",
"Simon Stone\n2014: Children of the Sun by Maxim Gorky as Liza, dir: Kip Williams adapted by Andrew Upton, Sydney Theatre Company, Sydney Opera House\n2015: The Present by Anton Chekhov as Sophia, adapted by Andrew Upton, Sydney Theatre Company dir.",
"John Crowley; at the Sydney Theatre; in 2016/17 at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre in Manhattan\n2015: Orlando as Orlando, adapted from Virginia Woolf's Orlando: A Biography by Sarah Ruhl, Sydney Theatre Company, Sydney Opera House\n2019: Mosquitoes by Lucy Kirkwood as Alice.",
"Dir: Jessica Arthur for Sydney Theatre Company, Sydney Opera House.",
"Awards and nominations\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nProfile by Veronica Hayden-Jones, Global BC, 21 May 2009\nSTC Profile at the Sydney Theatre Company September 2014\n\"10 Questions: Jacqueline McKenzie, actress, 46\" by Michael Bodey, The Australian, 6 September 2014\n\"Children of the Sun review: Female stars set Kip Williams' stage alight\" by Jason Blake, The Sydney Morning Herald, September 2014\n\"IGN interview: The 4400s Jacqueline McKenzie\" by Eric Goldman, IGN, 24 August 2006\n\"Can 4400s Diana See the Future?\"",
"by Matt Webb Mitovich, TV Guide, 2 June 2006\n\"On Duty\", The Daily Telegraph (Sydney), 11 June 2011\n\"Proof\", review, The Sydney Morning Herald, 16 June 2003\n\"Hot blush\" by Catherine Keenan, The Sydney Morning Herald, 14 June 2003\n\"Entertain us: Jacqueline McKenzie\", interview by Nathan Olivieri, The Sydney Morning Herald, 17 February 2013\nRussell Crowe casting his directorial debut\nThe Water Diviner with stills shot\n\n1967 births\nActresses from Sydney\nAustralian film actresses\nAustralian Shakespearean actresses\nAustralian television actresses\nBest Actress AACTA Award winners\nLiving people\nLogie Award winners\nNational Institute of Dramatic Art alumni\nAustralian people of Scottish descent\nAustralian people of Irish descent\n20th-century Australian actresses\n21st-century Australian actresses\nAustralian people of English descent\nAustralian expatriate actresses in the United States\nPeople educated at Pymble Ladies' College"
] | [
"She is an Australian film and stage actress.",
"She graduated from Pymble Ladies' College with her Higher School Certificate in 1985.",
"She was cast as Nancy in Oliver because of her fine singing voice.",
"Then in Godspell, which was a co-production with Shore School, and later in Brigadoon, which was also a co-production, Hugh Jackman was a student at the time.",
"The University of New South Wales has a Bachelor of Arts degree.",
"She began modelling while at university.",
"She worked in both print and television.",
"She took singing lessons with an Australian coach.",
"The pilot for All The Way was written by Robert Mammone, Rowena Wallace and Martin Sacks.",
"Liz Mullinar had cast Judy Davis in My Brilliant Career and Nicole Kidman in Dead Calm.",
"McKenzie was accepted to the National Institute of Dramatic Art after auditioning.",
"In 1988 she attended NIDA after opting out of both her arts degree and All The Way.",
"She graduated in 1990.",
"She won the \"Best Newcomer Award\" from the Sydney Theatre Critics Circle in 1991, for her work in Child Dancing, The Master Builder, and Twelfth Night.",
"During rehearsals for Rebecca, director George Ogilvie allowed McKenzie time off to try out for a new Australian Independent feature film called Romper Stomper.",
"She won the Best Actress award at the Film Critics Circle of Australia after being cast in the film.",
"\"Jacqui's range as an actor disappears over the horizon,\" Russell said.",
"I'm not sure if it can be defined.",
"In the play Rebecca, I saw an actor who I thought was blowing me on the skin from the inside.",
"She is an actor who is both delicate and magical.",
"In her film debut in Romper Stomper, she was praised for her courage, truth and skill.",
"She won the Best Actress award at the 1992 Stockholm International Film Festival for her portrayal of a young woman whose life has turned into a desperate chase for all she has lost.",
"The inexorable force and impact of the film are created by her character.",
"She was regarded as one of Australia's most promising young actresses of stage and screen over the next couple of years.",
"Shakespeare's Hamlet was directed by Neil Armfield and starred David Wenham, Geoffrey Rush, and Richard Roxburgh.",
"This sellout production was a critical, award-winning success with McKenzie's performance so exquisitely pitched it could have shattered glass.",
"The stage was turned into a mind-state of shattered glass byJacqueline McKenzie's fragile Ophelia, dressed in cottontails and a tail-coat.",
"Her presence is very noticeable because of it's intangibility.",
"The production was unable to continue due to other work commitments.",
"Cate Blanchett took over the role of Ophelia for the tour.",
"Her performance in Hamlet was followed by her role as Joan of Arc in Bernard Shaw's Saint Joan.",
"Saint Joan had not been staged in Australia since 1962.",
"One of the most revealing tests of an actress, and as \"the female Hamlet\", the production was both a critical and box office sensation with McKenzie's performance unanimously acclaimed: \"This play stands or falls on the performance of St Joan and McKenzie is simply superb.\"",
"She sets the stage ablaze when she enters.",
"Joan is offered all her innocence, ignorance, joyful goodness that seems to light her from within and, almost until the end, a youthful sense of fun by McKenzie.",
"Her slight stature can seem thin and vulnerable, but she's tough and sturdy, a young woman of intense and convincing action.",
"\"Here is a Joan with such fortitude and faith that seems hardly possible to exist within such a delicate frame.\"",
"The waif-like image of McKenzie hides his strength and emotion.",
"To inspire the tamest among us to stand up as individuals and listen to the voices inside of us is a Joan.",
"Shaw would have been reluctant to be impressed.",
"She's one of the most talented actresses we have produced and she's also one of the most versatile actresses of her generation.",
"She was described as the \"Judy Davis of her generation (or funnily enough, the green eyed American actor Meg Ryan)\" when she was cast as Rachel in the television adaptation of his novel.",
"The mini-series was directed by Nadia Tass and starred Ben Elton and Colin Friels.",
"She received a nomination for Best Actress in a Miniseries.",
"She was nominated for a Best Actress in a Feature Film award for her role in This Won't Hurt a Bit.",
"In 1994, George Ogilvie, who had directed her in Rebecca and Twelfth Night, brought her back to him to play the lead role of Dancy Smith in the adaptation of The Battlers.",
"Gary Sweet played in a mini-series on the Seven Network.",
"At the Australian Film Institute 1994 awards, she was nominated for a second time for Best Actress in a TV Drama.",
"The feature film Traps was nominated for a Best Supporting Actress award.",
"For the role of the French girl living in Vietnam, she had to speak in both French and Vietnamese.",
"In 1995 she made Australian Film Institute history by winning the Beyond Best Actress in a Leading Role for Angel Baby and the Beyond Best Actress Award in a TV Drama.",
"There are lies in the mind.",
"She won the Most Outstanding Actress award at the Logie Awards.",
"It was for playing the young lover Kate, opposite John Lynch's Harry, that McKenzie received international praise.",
"Whether using answers on the Wheel of Fortune as a kind of daily horoscope, or cringing in terror as the upright legs of chairs in an empty restaurant seem to whisper at her, she is blazingly equal to the extremes of animal panic and hyperconscious insight that are the north and south",
"Angel Baby had actresses Deborra-Lee Furness and Colin Friels.",
"At the Australian Movie Convention in 1996, McKenzie was awarded Australian Star of the Year.",
"Deep Blue Sea was directed by Renny Harlin and starred Samuel L. Jackson, Thomas Jane and Michael Rapaport.",
"She starred in the UK independent films Eisenstein with Simon McBurney and Kiss Kiss with Chris Penn and Paul Bettany.",
"In March 2001 he was given a United States green card.",
"She made her US theatre debut at the Williamstown Theatre Festival, playing Rita in Educating Rita.",
"It was a huge success.",
"The production had the talents of an utterly charming and cockney Australian, whose cockney accent was spot on and characterization was full-cocked.",
"If the WTF wants to bring her back, it's a sure bet that she'll fill simultaneous performances of this and Pygmalion.",
"Hers will be one of the most memorable reasons to revive Rita.",
"She was cast as a lead in the US television pilot for ABC called MEDS (later MDs), directed by Michael Hoffman and starring John Hannah.",
"She played Dockdaisy in the National Actors Theatre's production of The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui.",
"The cast was directed by Simon McBurney.",
"After starring in the Pulitzer Prize Winning play Proof, McKenzie returned to Australia to play Catherine again.",
"The \"tour de force from McKenzie\" was directed by George Ogilvie and starred Barry Otto.",
"After the success of Proof, Mckenzie took on the role of Jude in the Australian film Peaches, starring Hugo Weaving and Emma Lung.",
"The scene where she sings \"The Carnival Is Over\" across a pub counter was described as a \"revelation\" by the Film Critics Circle of Australia.",
"The film Human Touch, starring as a young chorister estranged from her husband, was written and directed by Paul Cox.",
"The switch to prime-time television catapulted her to international fame.",
"McKenzie was cast as the lead female detective Diana Skouris in the US prime-time science fiction television series The 4400, which was produced by Executive Producer Francis Ford Coppola.",
"The 4400 was the highest-rated debut on US cable in 2004, earning a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Best Mini-Series.",
"The show ran on the USA Network for four years.",
"\"Umney's Last Case\" is the third episode of Nightmares and Dreamscapes.",
"The 13-part series Mental on the Fox Network was filmed in Bogot, Colombia.",
"This was the first American television series filmed in Latin America for international markets.",
"She guest starred in Desperate Housewives, Without a Trace, CSI: Miami, Hawaii, and Rake.",
"She was cast as Emma Waddell in the Jeremy Sims–directed feature film Beneath Hill 60 and starred in the 2010 season finale of NCIS: Los Angeles with former Deep Blue Sea castmate LL Cool J.",
"In the Next Room is a play written by Sarah Ruhl and will be performed at the Drama Theatre of the Opera House.",
"McKenzie was nominated for a Green Room Award for her role as Mrs Givings in this production.",
"This was the first play since she played Catherine in Proof, a Pulitzer Prize–winning play that sold out at the Opera House.",
"In 2012 she accepted an offer to star in the Australian premiere of Sex With Strangers by American playwright Laura Eason for the Sydney Theatre Company.",
"Ryan Corr co-starred in this production.",
"This was Jocelyn's first play and he was an award-winning director of many films.",
"The seminal role of Margaret was played by McKenzie.",
"Cat on a Hot Tin Roof was directed by Simon Stone and stars Ewen Leslie as Brick and Marshall Napier as Big Daddy.",
"A sell-out production with an extension season at the Theatre Royal, Sydney, was highly acclaimed, as was the performance in the role that made Elizabeth Taylor famous: \"Jacqueline McKenzie has far more scope in this play than she had in the recent Sex with Strangers to display her",
"McKenzie has a manic intensity that is breathtaking to watch from the first scene when she works her way through about a dozen changes of clothing and many pairs of hot shoes.",
"She is full of energy and hard-won glamour that a woman who has clawed herself up out of poverty to become the wife of a rich family might be expected to display.",
"She is better than them.",
"She is beautiful, her smile is always bright, and her eyes betray her desperation.",
"The production was made great by the beautiful performance of McKenzie.",
"In Andrew Upton's adaptation of the Gorky classic Children of the Sun, McKenzie reprised her role as Liza from the Opera House.",
"The production was so successful that it earned a nomination for Best Actress at the Sydney Theatre Awards.",
"In his feature-film-directing debut, The Water Diviner, Russell Crowe collaborated with his Romper Stomper co-star, McKenzie, to perform.",
"The Water Diviner was nominated for eight awards, including Best Supporting Actress in a feature film for McKenzie, who played the role.",
"She won the Best Supporting Actress award at the Film Critics Circle of Australia Awards.",
"The films are written and directed by Paul Cox and feature David Wenham and Shahana Goswami.",
"The film will premiere at the Melbourne International Film Festival.",
"The Present, by Anton Chekhov, was a production of the Sydney Theatre Company.",
"The production was directed by John Crowley.",
"The production moved to Manhattan for the Broadway debut of McKenzie and the rest of the cast.",
"She played the role of Orlando in the Sarah Ruhl play, based on the novel by Virginia Woolf, which was made famous by the 1992 film directed by Sally Potter.",
"It was directed by Sarah Goodes and ran at the Opera House.",
"The present was nominated for two awards, one for Best Supporting Actress and one for Best Actress.",
"The year 2016 will see the reunion of her former Stark!",
"The romantic comedy Three Summers is being filmed in Perth.",
"Robert Sheean, Michael Caton, and Rebecca Breeds were in the ensemble.",
"In August of 2016 the movie was filmed in Australia.",
"In October 2016 she starred in The Gateway.",
"The film was written by Michael White and directed by John Soto.",
"A particle physicist grieves over the loss of her husband in a car crash and uses a revolutionary machine to bring him back with dire consequences for her family.",
"Safe Harbour is a four-part drama about a group of Australians who come across a boat of refugees while sailing on vacation.",
"The mini-series is produced by Matchbox Pictures.",
"The film Occupation is about a group of town residents banding together after a devastating ground invasion.",
"The TV series Romper Stomper is a follow-up to the 1992 cult classic movie in which she starred with Russell Crowe.",
"The series, conceived and directed by the creator of the original film, and produced by John Edwards, broke all records for original content on Stan on New Years Day.",
"The series is going to air on the British Broadcasting Corporation.",
"She received a Logie for Most Outstanding Supporting Actress at the Logie Awards.",
"She was honoured with the Screen Legend Award for her contribution and excellence in the film industry.",
"They were all in the movie Palm Beach.",
"Rachel Ward directed this.",
"Miss Fisher and the Crypt of Tears, a spinoff of the series Miss Fisher Murder Mysteries, was a hit with friends from drama school, including Daniel Lapaine and Essie Davis.",
"She starred in the second series of the Stan original series in 2020.",
"She reprised her award-winning role as Sharon Sinclair in the remake.",
"In James Wan's horror film Malignant, McKenzie and Jane Seymour appeared together.",
"Music is one of McKenzie's hobbies.",
"They collaborated on \"Shy Baby\" and \"Electrasy\".",
"When she heard her song \"Shy Baby\", she took it to the producers of the show and they used it in the second season finale of \"Mommy's Bosses\"",
"\"Shy Baby\" was included in The 4400 soundtrack CD.",
"Since working with Paul Cox on The Human Touch, McKenzie's paintings have appeared in several publications, including Venice Magazine and OK!.",
"In the final episodes of Mental, her paintings became set dressing, adorning the walls of her character's office.",
"A portrait of McKenzie by Australian narrative painter Garry Shead was a finalist in the Doug Moran National Portrait Prize.",
"She was a partner of Simon McBurney.",
"She has a child.",
"Films Television Theatre Oliver!",
"The school production was Child Dancing as Julie-Ann.",
"Twelfth Night was written by Michael Gow.",
"The Master Builder was written by George Ogilvie.",
"Neil Armfield directed Rebecca as Mrs de Winter.",
"George Ogilvie wrote The Barber of Seville as Rosine.",
"Vassa was played byMaxim Gorky in Peter Kingston's 1992 movie.",
"Company B and the playhouse were written by John Clarke.",
"The 1995: Saint Joan as Joan was directed by Neil Armfield.",
"The Governor's Family was written by Gale Edwards.",
"The White Devil was written by Neil Armfield and directed by Brooklyn Academy of Music.",
"There is a film called Educating Rita as Rita.",
"The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui as Dock Daisy was written by Bruce Paltrow.",
"Al Capone, Steve Buscemi, Billy Crudup, Paul Giamatti, Tony Randall, Charles Durning, Linda Emond, and Dominic Chianese were in Proof as Catherine.",
"George Ogilvie and Barry Otto are in Sarah Ruhl's play In the Next Room.",
"Sex with Strangers was written by Laura Eason and directed by Pamela Rabe.",
"Cat on a Hot Tin Roof was written by Jocelyn Moorhouse.",
"Belvoir is a dir.",
"Simon Stone's Children of the Sun was adapted by Andrew Upton and The Present was adapted by Anton Chekhov.",
"In New York in the summer of 2016 there was an adaptation of Virginia Woolf's \"Orlando: A Biography\" by Sarah Ruhl of the Sydney Theatre Company.",
"Jessica Arthur directed the opera house.",
"Awards and nominations can be found by clicking on the External links.",
"\"On Duty\", The Daily Telegraph, 11 June 2011; \"Proof\", The Sydney Morning Herald, 16 June 2003; and \"Hot blush\", The Sydney Morning Herald, 14 June 2003"
] | <mask> (born 24 October 1967) is an Australian film and stage actress. Early life
Born in Sydney, New South Wales, <mask> attended Wenona School in North Sydney until 1983 then moved to Pymble Ladies' College, where she graduated in 1985 with her Higher School Certificate. Known at school for her fine singing voice, <mask> was cast as Nancy in Oliver! then in Godspell (both a co-production with Shore School) and later in Brigadoon (a co-production with Knox Grammar School), sharing the stage with Hugh Jackman, who was a student at Knox at the time. Career
Early years
<mask> studied for a Bachelor of Arts degree at the University of New South Wales. While at university, she began modelling. Represented by Cameron's Management, she worked in both print and television media.She also took regular singing lessons with Australian vocal coach Bob Tasman-Smith. In 1987, <mask> was cast as the lead in the pilot of television series All The Way alongside Ben Mendelsohn, Robert Mammone, Rowena Wallace and Martin Sacks. During this time, she came to the attention of casting agent Liz Mullinar, who had cast Judy Davis in My Brilliant Career and Nicole Kidman in Dead Calm. Following advice from Mullinar, <mask> auditioned for the National Institute of Dramatic Art (NIDA) and was accepted. Opting out of both her arts degree and All The Way, <mask> attended NIDA in 1988. She graduated in December 1990. 1991 to 1995
In 1991, <mask> was awarded "Best Newcomer Award" from the Sydney Theatre Critics Circle, which recognized her chameleon-like ability and her consistently high-calibre work in theatre productions Child Dancing (as Julie-Ann), The Master Builder (as Kaja), Twelfth Night (as Viola) and Rebecca (as Mrs de Winter).During rehearsals for Rebecca, director George Ogilvie allowed <mask> time off to audition for a new Australian Independent feature film called Romper Stomper set to star Russell Crowe. She was subsequently cast in the film and went on to win Best Actress award at the Film Critics Circle of Australia. Russell would later say "Jacqui's range as an actor disappears over the horizon. And I'm not sure it can actually be defined. When I first saw her, in the play Rebecca, I saw an actor whom I thought was blowing me on the skin from the inside. She is an actor who is both delicate and magical." In her "nothing short of stunning" film debut in Romper Stomper, <mask> was described as "especially shining in her courage, truth and skill."The role garnered her attention overseas, where she won Best Actress at the 1992 Stockholm International Film Festival for her "stark and non-sentimental portrayal of a young woman whose life has turned into a desperate chase for all she has lost: love, serenity, identity. Her character plays an essential part in creating the inexorable force and impact of the film." Over the next couple of years, she came to be regarded as one of Australia's most promising young actresses of stage and screen, showcasing a "phenomenal emotional range". In 1994, <mask> starred alongside David Wenham, Geoffrey Rush and Richard Roxburgh in Shakespeare's Hamlet, directed by Neil Armfield, for Belvoir St Theatre, Sydney. This sellout production was a critical, award-winning success with <mask>'s performance "so exquisitely pitched it could have shattered glass". "<mask>'s fragile Ophelia, dressed in cottontails and a tail-coat, turning the stage into a mind-state of shattered glass. Her presence awesomely palpable because of its sheer intangibility."The production went on to tour to Melbourne but <mask> was unable to continue due to other work commitments. (Cate Blanchett took over the role of Ophelia for the tour). <mask>'s performance in Hamlet was followed by her role as Joan of Arc in Bernard Shaw's Saint Joan, directed by Gale Edwards for the Sydney Theatre Company at the Sydney Opera House. This was the first time Saint Joan had been staged in Australia since the Zoe Caldwell production in 1962. Regarded as one of "the most revealing tests of an actress", and as "the female Hamlet", Edwards' production was both a critical and box office sensation with <mask>'s performance unanimously acclaimed: "This play stands or falls on the performance of St Joan and <mask> is simply superb." "From the moment she enters, she sets the stage ablaze. <mask> is a Joan to make the theatrical heavens rejoice... <mask> offers us Joan in all her innocence, ignorance, joyful goodness that seems to light her from within and, almost until the end, a youthful sense of fun.Her slight stature can seem waif thin, piteously vulnerable; but raging into battle she's tough and sturdy, a young woman of intense and convincing action. Always in focus, like an unwavering flame, is <mask>'s Joan the Maid" and "Here is a Joan with such fortitude and faith that seems hardly possible to exist within such a delicate frame. <mask>'s waif-like image conceals remarkable strength, and an almost inexhaustible supply of emotion. It is a Joan to inspire the tamest among us to stand up as individuals, and listen to the voices inside of us. Shaw himself would have been reluctantly impressed." Described by head of NIDA, John Clarke, as "A chameleon" "one of the most talented actresses we have produced... she's an absolute dynamo, a powerhouse," <mask> had fast earned a reputation as one of the most versatile actresses of her generation, taking on varied and often difficult roles. Equally adept in drama or comedy, she was described as the "Judy Davis of her generation (or funnily enough, the green eyed American actor Meg Ryan)" In 1992, Ben Elton cast her as the lead role of "Rachel", the feisty environmentalist, in the television adaptation of his hit novel Stark.The mini-series was a BBC/ABC comedy, was directed by Nadia Tass and co-starred Ben Elton and Colin Friels. <mask> received an Australian Film Institute Award nomination for Best Actress in a Miniseries for the role. The same year (1993), she scored a Best Actress in a Feature Film nomination for her comedic turn in the indie comedy, This Won't Hurt a Bit, playing Vanessa Presscott, a nerdy English ingénue with a speech impediment. In 1994, <mask> reunited with director George Ogilvie (who had directed her in Rebecca and Twelfth Night) to play the lead role of Dancy Smith in the adaptation of Kylie Tennant's famous depression-era drama The Battlers. The mini-series co-starred Gary Sweet and played on the Seven Network. <mask> was nominated again for Best Actress in a TV Drama at the Australian Film Institute 1994 awards. That same year, <mask> was also nominated for Best Supporting Actress in the feature film Traps, directed by Pauline Chan.Playing the French girl living in Colonial Vietnam, <mask> got to showcase her versatility by speaking in both French and Vietnamese for the role. In 1995, <mask> made Australian Film Institute history by winning the Beyond Best Actress in a Leading Role for Angel Baby and the Beyond Best Actress Award in a TV Drama for Halifax f.p. : Lies of the Mind. She also won the Silver Logie for Most Outstanding Actress at the Logie Awards for her role in Halifax f.p. It was for playing the young lover Kate, opposite John Lynch's Harry in the Michael Rymer–helmed drama Angel Baby, that <mask> received international acclaim: The LA Weekly reviewed: "<mask> is a find. Whether using answers on the Wheel of Fortune as a kind of daily horoscope, or cringing in terror as the upright legs of chairs in an empty restaurant seem to whisper at her, she is blazingly equal to the extremes of animal panic and hyperconscious insight that are the north and south of this movie's humane compass." Angel Baby also featured actress Deborra-Lee Furness and Colin Friels.In 1996, <mask> was awarded Australian Star of the Year at the Australian Movie Convention. 1996 to 2003
<mask> ventured to the US, where she starred in the films Deep Blue Sea (1999) directed by Renny Harlin with Samuel L. Jackson, Thomas Jane and Michael Rapaport; Divine Secrets of the Ya-Ya Sisterhood (2002) with Sandra Bullock, Ashley Judd, Ellen Burstyn, Kiersten Warren and James Garner; Freak Weather, with Aida Turturro and John Carroll Lynch; Love from Ground Zero with Simon Baker and Pruitt Taylor Vince, as well as tele-movie When Billie Beat Bobby, starring Holly Hunter and Ron Silver. She starred in the UK independent films Eisenstein with Simon McBurney and Kiss Kiss (Bang Bang) with Stellan Skarsgård, Chris Penn and Paul Bettany. In 2001, <mask> was given a United States green card in March 2001 for "Person of Extraordinary Ability". She made her US theatre debut, starring as Rita in Willy Russell's Educating Rita, at the Williamstown Theatre Festival directed by Bruce Paltrow and co-starring Edward Herrmann. It was a huge success. "This production had the inexhaustible talents of <mask>, an utterly charming and irrepressible Australian, whose cockney accent was spot on and characterization was full-cocked.Bursting onto the stage like a fire-engine responding to a five-alarm conflagration, <mask> was a dynamo with enough energy to fill simultaneous performances of this and Pygmalion (a sure bet for her if the WTF wants to bring her back – and it should). Suffice to say, hers will surely be among the most memorable and reason enough to revive Rita." She was cast as a lead in the US television pilot for ABC called MEDS (later MDs), directed by Michael Hoffman and starring John Hannah. She played Dockdaisy in the National Actors Theatre / Complicite co-production of The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui, by Bertolt Brecht. Directed by Simon McBurney this cast included Al Pacino, Steve Buscemi, Chazz Palminteri, John Goodman, Paul Giamatti, Billy Crudup, Lothaire Bluteau, Linda Emond, Tony Randall and Charles Durning. After this production, <mask> returned to Australia to star as Catherine in the Pulitzer Prize Winning play Proof by David Auburn. Directed by George Ogilvie and starring Barry Otto, this "tour de force from <mask>" broke all previously held box office records at the Sydney Opera House, Drama Theatre.Mckenzie followed the success of Proof by taking the lead role of Jude in the Australian feature film Peaches, starring Hugo Weaving and Emma Lung. Directed by Craig Monahan, the role garnered <mask> a Best Actress Award from the Film Critics Circle of Australia with her performance described as a "revelation": "never more so than in the scene where she sings 'The Carnival Is Over' across a pub counter." From Peaches, <mask> began work with Paul Cox (Man of Flowers, Innocence) in the feature film Human Touch starring as a young chorister estranged from her husband: "<mask> makes Anna's sensual awakening both sensual and real". 2004 to 2015
In 2004, <mask> made the switch to prime-time television in a role that would catapult her to international stardom. Cast as the lead female detective Diana Skouris in the US prime-time science fiction television series The 4400 from Executive Producer Francis Ford Coppola, <mask> was cast alongside Joel Gretsch (Taken, Minority Report) – an onscreen partnership oft likened to Mulder and Scully. Directed by Yves Simoneau with show runner Ira Steven Behr (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine), The 4400 was the highest-rated debut on US cable for 2004, earning a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Best Mini-Series. The show ran on the USA Network for four seasons, ending in 2007.In 2006, <mask> also starred as Linda Landry in "Umney's Last Case" opposite William H. Macy – the third episode of Nightmares and Dreamscapes on TNT. In 2008, <mask> starred as psychiatrist Veronica Hayden-Jones in the 13-part series Mental on the Fox Network, which was filmed at Fox Telecolombia in Bogotá, Colombia. Starring Annabella Sciorra, this was the first American television series to be filmed in Latin America for international markets. <mask> guest starred in Desperate Housewives, Without a Trace, CSI: Miami, Hawaii 5-0 and the Australian TV series Rake. She was cast as Emma Waddell in the Jeremy Sims–directed feature film Beneath Hill 60 and starred in the 2010 season finale of NCIS: Los Angeles alongside former Deep Blue Sea castmate LL Cool J. In 2011, Cate Blanchett and Andrew Upton, the co-artistic directors of the Sydney Theatre Company, invited <mask> to star in their production of Sarah Ruhl's In the Next Room (or The Vibrator Play) at the Sydney Opera House, Drama Theatre. Co-starring Mandy McElhinney, this production went on tour to Melbourne Theatre Company, Wollongong, Canberra and Parramatta Riverside Theatre, earning <mask> a Best Actress nomination at the Green Room Awards for her role as Mrs Givings.This was <mask>'s first play since her critically acclaimed turn as Catherine in David Auburn's Pulitzer Prize–winning play Proof, which sold out at the Sydney Opera House in 2003. In 2012, she accepted Cate Blanchett and Andrew Upton's invitation to star in the Australian premiere of the two-hander Sex With Strangers by American playwright Laura Eason (House of Cards) for the Sydney Theatre Company. This critically acclaimed production co-starred Ryan Corr and was directed by Jocelyn Moorhouse. An award-winning director of many films including How to Make an American Quilt, this was Jocelyn's first play. In 2013, <mask> starred in the seminal role of Margaret (a.k.a. Maggie) in Cat on a Hot Tin Roof by Tennessee Williams for Belvoir St., directed by Simon Stone, co-starring Ewen Leslie (as Brick) and Marshall Napier (as Big Daddy). A sell-out production with an extension season at the Theatre Royal, Sydney, <mask>'s performance, in the role that made Elizabeth Taylor famous, was highly acclaimed: "<mask> has far more scope in this play than she had in the recent Sex with Strangers to display her mesmerizing and neurasthenic talents that are so reminiscent of the early Judy Davis.She squirms, hops, skips and flops through the drama with a manic intensity that is breathtaking to watch from the first scene when she works her way through about a dozen changes of clothing and many pairs of 'hot' shoes during her long and intense opening monologue" and "<mask> has been playing some major roles in Sydney recently but here is a great one, finally worthy of her ability, and she rises to it magnificently. Her Maggie is full of feverish energy, and hard-won, hard-edged glamour that a woman who has clawed herself up out of poverty to become the wife of the descendant of a crass but very rich family might be expected to display. She is better than them. She is beautiful, her smile is always bright but brief glimpses of self-doubt betray her origins, and her eyes betray her desperation." "This is a good production, made great by <mask>'s beautiful performance." <mask> returned to the Sydney Opera House in 2014 to play Liza in Andrew Upton's adaptation of the Gorky classic Children of the Sun for the Sydney Theatre Company. Co-starring with Justine Clarke and Toby Truslove, under the direction of Kip Williams, the production was immensely successful, garnering <mask> a nomination for Best Actress at the 2014 Sydney Theatre Awards.In 2014, <mask> reunited with her Romper Stomper co-star, Russell Crowe, to perform in his feature-film-directing debut, The Water Diviner, in which he also stars. With a handpicked cast that included Yılmaz Erdoğan, Olga Kurylenko, Ryan Corr, Jai Courtney, Steve Bastoni and Cem Yılmaz, The Water Diviner was nominated for eight AACTA awards including Best Supporting Actress in a feature film for <mask>, who played the role of Russell's grieving wife Lizzie. For this performance, <mask> won Best Supporting Actress at the 2014 Film Critics Circle of Australia Awards. Films to be released: Force of Destiny, written and directed by Paul Cox and starring David Wenham and Shahana Goswami. This will premiere at the Melbourne International Film Festival; Fell, written and directed by Kasimir Burgess and starring Matt Nable and Daniel Henshall. In 2015, <mask> starred alongside Richard Roxburgh and Cate Blanchett in the Sydney Theatre Company production of The Present, by Anton Chekhov. Adapted by Andrew Upton, this production was directed by John Crowley.That production moved in 2016/17 to the Ethel Barrymore Theatre in Manhattan for the Broadway debut of <mask> and the rest of the cast. She also starred as Orlando in the Sarah Ruhl play Orlando, based on the novel by Virginia Woolf (made famous by the 1992 film directed by Sally Potter and starring Tilda Swinton). Directed by Sarah Goodes, Orlando ran at the Sydney Opera House for the Sydney Theatre Company. <mask> was nominated for Best Actress in Orlando and Best Supporting Actress in The Present at the 2015 Sydney Theatre Awards. 2016 to present
In 2016, <mask> reunited with her former Stark! co-star Ben Elton for his romantic comedy Three Summers filming in Perth. The ensemble also featured Robert Sheean, Magda Szubanski, Michael Caton and Rebecca Breeds.In August 2016 <mask> filmed the independent movie Harmony in Wollongong and Sydney, Australia. <mask> starred as Jane Chandler in Australian feature film The Gateway in October 2016. Written by Michael White and directed by John Soto, the sci-fi film also starred Myles Pollard and Ben Mortley. The film follows the journey of a particle physicist who, grieving over the loss of her husband in a car crash, uses a revolutionary machine to bring him back with dire consequences for her family. In May 2017, SBS announced that <mask> had been cast in their new four-part drama Safe Harbour about a group of Australians who come across a boat of refugees whilst sailing on vacation. The mini-series, produced by Matchbox Pictures, also stars Phoebe Tonkin, Ewen Leslie and Joel Jackson. In June 2017 <mask> began filming Luke Sparke's movie Occupation (film) with Charles Mesure, Temeura Morrison and Dan Ewing about a group of town residents banding together after a devastating ground invasion.In August 2017, <mask> started shooting the TV series Romper Stomper, a follow-up to the 1992 cult classic movie in which she starred with Russell Crowe. The series, conceived and directed by Geoffrey Wright (creator of the original film) and produced by John Edwards, premiered on Australian streaming platform Stan on New Years Day 2018, breaking all records for original content. The series is due to air in the United Kingdom on the BBC later in 2018. For her role in the series <mask> was awarded a Logie for Most Outstanding Supporting Actress at the Logie Awards of 2018. At the CinefestOZ awards in August 2017, <mask> was honoured with the Screen Legend Award, recognising her contribution and excellence in the film industry. Starred alongside Sam Neill, Greta Scacchi and Bryan Brown in the movie Palm Beach (2019) . This was directed by Rachel Ward.Reunited with friends from drama school, Essie Davis and Daniel Lapaine, on the hit film Miss Fisher and the Crypt of Tears (a spinoff of the series Miss Fisher Murder Mysteries)
2019 saw <mask> return to the Sydney Theatre Company to play Alice in Lucy Kirkwood's Mosquitoes (play) at the Sydney Opera House. In 2020, she starred in series 2 of the Stan original series Bloom alongside Jackie Weaver and Bryan Brown. She also reprised her award-winning role "Sharon Sinclair", from the series Halifax f.p., in the reboot Halifax: Retribution . In 2021, <mask> appeared with Annabelle Wallis in James Wan's horror film Malignant, and starred alongside Jane Seymour in Australia feature film Ruby's Choice. Music
<mask>'s hobbies include composing and recording music. Past collaborators include Vic Levak (Balligomingo) who co-wrote "Shy Baby" and Jim Hayden (Electrasy). When her 4400 co-star Joel Gretsch heard her song "Shy Baby", he took it to the producers of the show and as a result, it was used in the second-season finale "Mommy's Bosses" of The 4400."Shy Baby" went on to be included in The 4400 soundtrack CD, released in April 2007. Art and painting
An avid painter (since working with Aaron Blabey on the Paul Cox film The Human Touch), <mask>'s paintings have appeared in several publications, including Venice Magazine and OK!. In the Fox TV series Mental, her paintings became set dressing, adorning the walls of her character's office in the final episodes of the show. Personal life
In 1996, a portrait of <mask> by Australian narrative painter Garry Shead was a finalist in the Archibald Prize and the Doug Moran National Portrait Prize. She is a former partner of actor Simon McBurney. She has a daughter. Filmography
Film
Television
Theatre
Oliver!as Nancy, school production
1991: Child Dancing as Julie-Ann, Griffin Theatre Company, dir. Michael Gow
1991: Twelfth Night as Viola, dir. George Ogilvie, Q Theatre Penrith
1991: The Master Builder as Kaja Fosli, Belvoir, dir. Neil Armfield
1991: Rebecca as Mrs de Winter, Marian Street Theatre, dir. George Ogilvie
1992: The Barber of Seville as Rosine, Marian Street Theatre, dir. Peter Kingston
1992: Vassa (Maxim Gorky) (as Natalia, NIDA, dir. John Clarke
1994: Hamlet as Ophelia, Company B (Sydney) and Playhouse (Melbourne), dir.Neil Armfield, with Geoffrey Rush, David Wenham, Richard Roxburgh, Gillian Jones
1995: Saint Joan as Joan, Sydney Theatre Company, Sydney Opera House dir. Gale Edwards
1997: The Governor's Family as Lara Mountgarrett, Belvoir, dir. Neil Armfield
2000: The White Devil as Isabella, Sydney Theatre Company and Brooklyn Academy of Music (2001), dir. Gale Edwards, with Angie Milliken, Marcus Graham, Jeremy Sims, Julia Blake, Bruce Spence, Hugo Weaving, Philip Quast, Paula Arundell
2001: Educating Rita as Rita, Williamstown Theatre Festival, dir. Bruce Paltrow, with Edward Herrmann
2002:The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui as Dock Daisy, Schimmel Center (New York), Complicite, dir. Simon McBurney, with Al Pacino, Steve Buscemi, John Goodman, Billy Crudup Paul Giamatti, Tony Randall, Charles Durning, Linda Emond, Chazz Palminteri, Dominic Chianese, Lothaire Bluteau
2003: Proof as Catherine, by David Auburn, Sydney Opera House dir. George Ogilvie, with Barry Otto
2011: In the Next Room (or The Vibrator Play) by Sarah Ruhl, as Catherine Givings, Sydney Opera House and Melbourne Theatre Company, dir.Pamela Rabe
2012: Sex with Strangers by Laura Eason, as Olivia, Sydney Theatre Company, dir. Jocelyn Moorhouse
2013: Cat on a Hot Tin Roof as Margaret, Maggie the Cat. Belvoir, dir. Simon Stone
2014: Children of the Sun by Maxim Gorky as Liza, dir: Kip Williams adapted by Andrew Upton, Sydney Theatre Company, Sydney Opera House
2015: The Present by Anton Chekhov as Sophia, adapted by Andrew Upton, Sydney Theatre Company dir. John Crowley; at the Sydney Theatre; in 2016/17 at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre in Manhattan
2015: Orlando as Orlando, adapted from Virginia Woolf's Orlando: A Biography by Sarah Ruhl, Sydney Theatre Company, Sydney Opera House
2019: Mosquitoes by Lucy Kirkwood as Alice. Dir: Jessica Arthur for Sydney Theatre Company, Sydney Opera House. Awards and nominations
References
External links
Profile by Veronica Hayden-Jones, Global BC, 21 May 2009
STC Profile at the Sydney Theatre Company September 2014
"10 Questions: <mask>, actress, 46" by Michael Bodey, The Australian, 6 September 2014
"Children of the Sun review: Female stars set Kip Williams' stage alight" by Jason Blake, The Sydney Morning Herald, September 2014
"IGN interview: The 4400s <mask>" by Eric Goldman, IGN, 24 August 2006
"Can 4400s Diana See the Future?"by Matt Webb Mitovich, TV Guide, 2 June 2006
"On Duty", The Daily Telegraph (Sydney), 11 June 2011
"Proof", review, The Sydney Morning Herald, 16 June 2003
"Hot blush" by Catherine Keenan, The Sydney Morning Herald, 14 June 2003
"Entertain us: <mask>", interview by Nathan Olivieri, The Sydney Morning Herald, 17 February 2013
Russell Crowe casting his directorial debut
The Water Diviner with stills shot
1967 births
Actresses from Sydney
Australian film actresses
Australian Shakespearean actresses
Australian television actresses
Best Actress AACTA Award winners
Living people
Logie Award winners
National Institute of Dramatic Art alumni
Australian people of Scottish descent
Australian people of Irish descent
20th-century Australian actresses
21st-century Australian actresses
Australian people of English descent
Australian expatriate actresses in the United States
People educated at Pymble Ladies' College | [
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She won the "Best Newcomer Award" from the Sydney Theatre Critics Circle in 1991, for her work in Child Dancing, The Master Builder, and Twelfth Night.During rehearsals for Rebecca, director George Ogilvie allowed <mask> time off to try out for a new Australian Independent feature film called Romper Stomper. She won the Best Actress award at the Film Critics Circle of Australia after being cast in the film. "Jacqui's range as an actor disappears over the horizon," Russell said. I'm not sure if it can be defined. In the play Rebecca, I saw an actor who I thought was blowing me on the skin from the inside. She is an actor who is both delicate and magical. In her film debut in Romper Stomper, she was praised for her courage, truth and skill.She won the Best Actress award at the 1992 Stockholm International Film Festival for her portrayal of a young woman whose life has turned into a desperate chase for all she has lost. The inexorable force and impact of the film are created by her character. She was regarded as one of Australia's most promising young actresses of stage and screen over the next couple of years. Shakespeare's Hamlet was directed by Neil Armfield and starred David Wenham, Geoffrey Rush, and Richard Roxburgh. This sellout production was a critical, award-winning success with <mask> <mask>'s fragile Ophelia, dressed in cottontails and a tail-coat. Her presence is very noticeable because of it's intangibility.The production was unable to continue due to other work commitments. Cate Blanchett took over the role of Ophelia for the tour. Her performance in Hamlet was followed by her role as Joan of Arc in Bernard Shaw's Saint Joan. Saint Joan had not been staged in Australia since 1962. One of the most revealing tests of an actress, and as "the female Hamlet", the production was both a critical and box office sensation with <mask>'s performance unanimously acclaimed: "This play stands or falls on the performance of St Joan and <mask> is simply superb." She sets the stage ablaze when she enters. Joan is offered all her innocence, ignorance, joyful goodness that seems to light her from within and, almost until the end, a youthful sense of fun by <mask>.Her slight stature can seem thin and vulnerable, but she's tough and sturdy, a young woman of intense and convincing action. "Here is a Joan with such fortitude and faith that seems hardly possible to exist within such a delicate frame." The waif-like image of <mask> hides his strength and emotion. To inspire the tamest among us to stand up as individuals and listen to the voices inside of us is a Joan. Shaw would have been reluctant to be impressed. She's one of the most talented actresses we have produced and she's also one of the most versatile actresses of her generation. She was described as the "Judy Davis of her generation (or funnily enough, the green eyed American actor Meg Ryan)" when she was cast as Rachel in the television adaptation of his novel.The mini-series was directed by Nadia Tass and starred Ben Elton and Colin Friels. She received a nomination for Best Actress in a Miniseries. She was nominated for a Best Actress in a Feature Film award for her role in This Won't Hurt a Bit. In 1994, George Ogilvie, who had directed her in Rebecca and Twelfth Night, brought her back to him to play the lead role of Dancy Smith in the adaptation of The Battlers. Gary Sweet played in a mini-series on the Seven Network. At the Australian Film Institute 1994 awards, she was nominated for a second time for Best Actress in a TV Drama. The feature film Traps was nominated for a Best Supporting Actress award.For the role of the French girl living in Vietnam, she had to speak in both French and Vietnamese. In 1995 she made Australian Film Institute history by winning the Beyond Best Actress in a Leading Role for Angel Baby and the Beyond Best Actress Award in a TV Drama. There are lies in the mind. She won the Most Outstanding Actress award at the Logie Awards. It was for playing the young lover Kate, opposite John Lynch's Harry, that <mask> received international praise. Whether using answers on the Wheel of Fortune as a kind of daily horoscope, or cringing in terror as the upright legs of chairs in an empty restaurant seem to whisper at her, she is blazingly equal to the extremes of animal panic and hyperconscious insight that are the north and south Angel Baby had actresses Deborra-Lee Furness and Colin Friels.At the Australian Movie Convention in 1996, <mask> was awarded Australian Star of the Year. Deep Blue Sea was directed by Renny Harlin and starred Samuel L. Jackson, Thomas Jane and Michael Rapaport. She starred in the UK independent films Eisenstein with Simon McBurney and Kiss Kiss with Chris Penn and Paul Bettany. In March 2001 he was given a United States green card. She made her US theatre debut at the Williamstown Theatre Festival, playing Rita in Educating Rita. It was a huge success. The production had the talents of an utterly charming and cockney Australian, whose cockney accent was spot on and characterization was full-cocked.If the WTF wants to bring her back, it's a sure bet that she'll fill simultaneous performances of this and Pygmalion. Hers will be one of the most memorable reasons to revive Rita. She was cast as a lead in the US television pilot for ABC called MEDS (later MDs), directed by Michael Hoffman and starring John Hannah. She played Dockdaisy in the National Actors Theatre's production of The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui. The cast was directed by Simon McBurney. After starring in the Pulitzer Prize Winning play Proof, <mask> returned to Australia to play Catherine again. The "tour de force from <mask>" was directed by George Ogilvie and starred Barry Otto.After the success of Proof, Mckenzie took on the role of Jude in the Australian film Peaches, starring Hugo Weaving and Emma Lung. The scene where she sings "The Carnival Is Over" across a pub counter was described as a "revelation" by the Film Critics Circle of Australia. The film Human Touch, starring as a young chorister estranged from her husband, was written and directed by Paul Cox. The switch to prime-time television catapulted her to international fame. <mask> was cast as the lead female detective Diana Skouris in the US prime-time science fiction television series The 4400, which was produced by Executive Producer Francis Ford Coppola. The 4400 was the highest-rated debut on US cable in 2004, earning a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Best Mini-Series. The show ran on the USA Network for four years."Umney's Last Case" is the third episode of Nightmares and Dreamscapes. The 13-part series Mental on the Fox Network was filmed in Bogot, Colombia. This was the first American television series filmed in Latin America for international markets. She guest starred in Desperate Housewives, Without a Trace, CSI: Miami, Hawaii, and Rake. She was cast as Emma Waddell in the Jeremy Sims–directed feature film Beneath Hill 60 and starred in the 2010 season finale of NCIS: Los Angeles with former Deep Blue Sea castmate LL Cool J. In the Next Room is a play written by Sarah Ruhl and will be performed at the Drama Theatre of the Opera House. <mask> was nominated for a Green Room Award for her role as Mrs Givings in this production.This was the first play since she played Catherine in Proof, a Pulitzer Prize–winning play that sold out at the Opera House. In 2012 she accepted an offer to star in the Australian premiere of Sex With Strangers by American playwright Laura Eason for the Sydney Theatre Company. Ryan Corr co-starred in this production. This was Jocelyn's first play and he was an award-winning director of many films. The seminal role of Margaret was played by <mask>. Cat on a Hot Tin Roof was directed by Simon Stone and stars Ewen Leslie as Brick and Marshall Napier as Big Daddy. A sell-out production with an extension season at the Theatre Royal, Sydney, was highly acclaimed, as was the performance in the role that made Elizabeth Taylor famous: "<mask> has far more scope in this play than she had in the recent Sex with Strangers to display her<mask> has a manic intensity that is breathtaking to watch from the first scene when she works her way through about a dozen changes of clothing and many pairs of hot shoes. She is full of energy and hard-won glamour that a woman who has clawed herself up out of poverty to become the wife of a rich family might be expected to display. She is better than them. She is beautiful, her smile is always bright, and her eyes betray her desperation. The production was made great by the beautiful performance of <mask>. In Andrew Upton's adaptation of the Gorky classic Children of the Sun, <mask> reprised her role as Liza from the Opera House. The production was so successful that it earned a nomination for Best Actress at the Sydney Theatre Awards.In his feature-film-directing debut, The Water Diviner, Russell Crowe collaborated with his Romper Stomper co-star, <mask>, to perform. The Water Diviner was nominated for eight awards, including Best Supporting Actress in a feature film for <mask>, who played the role. She won the Best Supporting Actress award at the Film Critics Circle of Australia Awards. The films are written and directed by Paul Cox and feature David Wenham and Shahana Goswami. The film will premiere at the Melbourne International Film Festival. The Present, by Anton Chekhov, was a production of the Sydney Theatre Company. The production was directed by John Crowley.The production moved to Manhattan for the Broadway debut of <mask> and the rest of the cast. She played the role of Orlando in the Sarah Ruhl play, based on the novel by Virginia Woolf, which was made famous by the 1992 film directed by Sally Potter. It was directed by Sarah Goodes and ran at the Opera House. The present was nominated for two awards, one for Best Supporting Actress and one for Best Actress. The year 2016 will see the reunion of her former Stark! The romantic comedy Three Summers is being filmed in Perth. Robert Sheean, Michael Caton, and Rebecca Breeds were in the ensemble.In August of 2016 the movie was filmed in Australia. In October 2016 she starred in The Gateway. The film was written by Michael White and directed by John Soto. A particle physicist grieves over the loss of her husband in a car crash and uses a revolutionary machine to bring him back with dire consequences for her family. Safe Harbour is a four-part drama about a group of Australians who come across a boat of refugees while sailing on vacation. The mini-series is produced by Matchbox Pictures. The film Occupation is about a group of town residents banding together after a devastating ground invasion.The TV series Romper Stomper is a follow-up to the 1992 cult classic movie in which she starred with Russell Crowe. The series, conceived and directed by the creator of the original film, and produced by John Edwards, broke all records for original content on Stan on New Years Day. The series is going to air on the British Broadcasting Corporation. She received a Logie for Most Outstanding Supporting Actress at the Logie Awards. She was honoured with the Screen Legend Award for her contribution and excellence in the film industry. They were all in the movie Palm Beach. Rachel Ward directed this.Miss Fisher and the Crypt of Tears, a spinoff of the series Miss Fisher Murder Mysteries, was a hit with friends from drama school, including Daniel Lapaine and Essie Davis. She starred in the second series of the Stan original series in 2020. She reprised her award-winning role as Sharon Sinclair in the remake. In James Wan's horror film Malignant, <mask> and Jane Seymour appeared together. Music is one of <mask>'s hobbies. They collaborated on "Shy Baby" and "Electrasy". When she heard her song "Shy Baby", she took it to the producers of the show and they used it in the second season finale of "Mommy's Bosses""Shy Baby" was included in The 4400 soundtrack CD. Since working with Paul Cox on The Human Touch, <mask>'s paintings have appeared in several publications, including Venice Magazine and OK!. In the final episodes of Mental, her paintings became set dressing, adorning the walls of her character's office. A portrait of <mask> by Australian narrative painter Garry Shead was a finalist in the Doug Moran National Portrait Prize. She was a partner of Simon McBurney. She has a child. Films Television Theatre Oliver!The school production was Child Dancing as Julie-Ann. Twelfth Night was written by Michael Gow. The Master Builder was written by George Ogilvie. Neil Armfield directed Rebecca as Mrs de Winter. George Ogilvie wrote The Barber of Seville as Rosine. Vassa was played byMaxim Gorky in Peter Kingston's 1992 movie. Company B and the playhouse were written by John Clarke.The 1995: Saint Joan as Joan was directed by Neil Armfield. The Governor's Family was written by Gale Edwards. The White Devil was written by Neil Armfield and directed by Brooklyn Academy of Music. There is a film called Educating Rita as Rita. The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui as Dock Daisy was written by Bruce Paltrow. Al Capone, Steve Buscemi, Billy Crudup, Paul Giamatti, Tony Randall, Charles Durning, Linda Emond, and Dominic Chianese were in Proof as Catherine. George Ogilvie and Barry Otto are in Sarah Ruhl's play In the Next Room.Sex with Strangers was written by Laura Eason and directed by Pamela Rabe. Cat on a Hot Tin Roof was written by Jocelyn Moorhouse. Belvoir is a dir. Simon Stone's Children of the Sun was adapted by Andrew Upton and The Present was adapted by Anton Chekhov. In New York in the summer of 2016 there was an adaptation of Virginia Woolf's "Orlando: A Biography" by Sarah Ruhl of the Sydney Theatre Company. Jessica Arthur directed the opera house. Awards and nominations can be found by clicking on the External links."On Duty", The Daily Telegraph, 11 June 2011; "Proof", The Sydney Morning Herald, 16 June 2003; and "Hot blush", The Sydney Morning Herald, 14 June 2003 | [
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28613152 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mei%20Yamaguchi | Mei Yamaguchi | , formerly known by her ring name , is a Japanese female mixed martial artist and kickboxer. Her former nickname comes from the V1 armlock wrestling move.
Yamaguchi currently fights as a lightweight in the Jewels promotion. She has a notable victory over Yuka Tsuji and was the final Valkyrie Featherweight Champion. She is currently ranked #5 in the ONE Championship Women's Atomweight rankings.
On , Yamaguchi announced that she would begin competing as a freelance fighter and changed her ring name to V.V.
Early life
Yamaguchi was born in Tokyo, Japan on . While living in Los Angeles, California, she studied some of her elementary school years before returning to Japan. She also studied abroad in the United States during her university years.
Yamaguchi began to learn karate during her residence in the United States around the age of 7 years old, yearning to be like Jackie Chan. During college, she started training in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. After returning to Japan, she joined Butoku Kai. She currently serves as the leader of the Morishita branch.
In 2005, Yamaguchi entered into the Max Jiu-Jitsu Academy.
Mixed martial arts career
Yamaguchi started her professional career in MMA in the lightweight tournament of Smackgirl-F 2007: The Next Cinderella Tournament 2007 First Stage on , where she defeated Anna Saito by submission due to a rear naked choke.
Yamguchi won her next fight in Smackgirl, defeating Saori Ishioka with a kneebar, forcing Ishioka to tap in the second round in the semi-finals at Smackgirl-F 2007: The Next Cinderella Tournament 2007 2nd Stage on .
On at Smackgirl 2007: Queens' Hottest Summer, Yamaguchi defeated Emi Tomimatsu by split decision, winning the final of the Next Cinderella Tournament 2007 in the lightweight division.
In her last fight with the promotion Smackgirl and her fourth professional match, Yamaguchi was defeated via split decision by Emi Fujino on at Smackgirl 7th Anniversary: Starting Over.
Her next bout would be at the first event for the promotion Valkyrie, Valkyrie 01, where she lost by unanimous decision against women's MMA legend Yuka Tsuji on .
It was just the fourth time that Tsuji had been taken to a decision.
Yamaguchi rebounded by winning her next two bouts in the inaugural Valkyrie women's featherweight tournament. The first was a unanimous decision win over Emi Fujino on at Valkyrie 02 in a rematch of their 2007 bout. The second tournament bout was against Kyoko Takabayashi, whom Yamaguchi was able to defeat with a close split decision at Cage Force & Valkyrie on , winning the tournament in the process and earning the right to face Yuka Tsuji for Valkyrie's Featherweight championship.
At Valkyrie 04, in her second match against Tsuji, Yamaguchi was once again the underdog, but she managed to defeat Tsuji with a rear naked choke in only 76 seconds. This was the first time that Tsuji was defeated by a fellow Japanese fighter and only the second time that she had been defeated in her MMA career. Yamaguchi became Valkyrie's Featherweight Champion in what is considered one of the biggest upsets in the history of women's mixed martial arts.
On , Yamaguchi faced Kyoko Takabayashi in a rematch of the 2009 featherweight tournament final and Yamaguchi's first defense of Valkyrie's featherweight title. Yamaguchi barely retained with a contentious majority draw in which the dissenting judge scored the fight in favor of Takabayashi at Valkyrie 08.
Yamaguchi faced "Windy" Tomomi Sunaba at Pancrase Impressive Tour 3 on . She defeated Sunaba by majority decision.
Yamaguchi next faced Akiko Naito at Pancrase Impressive Tour 4 on . She defeated Naito by armbar submission in the first round.
Yamaguchi faced Seo Hee Ham in a Jewels vs. Valkyrie match at Jewels 15th Ring on . She was defeated by unanimous decision.
Yamaguchi faced Mika Nagano at Jewels 17th Ring on . She won the fight by split decision.
Yamaguchi fought outside Japan for the first time in her MMA career when she faced Katja Kankaanpää at Botnia Punishment 11 on in Finland. She was defeated by unanimous decision.
On , Yamaguchi faced Emi Tomimatsu in a rematch at Jewels 20th Ring. She defeated Tomimatsu by unanimous decision.
Yamaguchi next faced Megumi Fujii at Vale Tudo Japan 2012 on . She was defeated by unanimous decision.
On , Yamaguchi faced Seo Ye Jung at Jewels 24th Ring. She defeated Jung by submission due to an armbar in the first round.
In her second fight outside Japan, Yamaguchi faced Patricia Vidonic at Pacific Xtreme Combat 40 on in Guam. She was defeated by split decision.
Yamaguchi faced Julie Mezabarba as part of an alternate bout for the Atomweight World Grand-Prix at ONE Championship: Empower on September 3, 2021. She lost the bout via unanimous decision.
Yamaguchi faced Jihin Radzuan at ONE Championship: Bad Blood on February 11, 2022, as a late notice replacement for Jenelyn Olsim. She lost the bout via unanimous decision.
Submission grappling and shoot boxing career
Yamaguchi tried her hand in submission grappling, first in the Abu Dhabi Combat Club Japan Trial final qualifier in the under-55 kg class, where she was defeated by points by Yasuko Mogi on . In her second and final submission grappling match, she was once again defeated by points; this time by women's MMA star Miku Matsumoto at DEEP X03 on .
Yamaguchi has had a more successful run in shoot boxing. She began competing on , in the shoot boxing tournament Girls S-Cup 2009, where she defeated by decision South Korean female Muay thai kickboxer Su Jeong Lim and fellow mixed martial artist and karateka Madoka Okada before losing against female shoot boxing rising star Rena Kubota in the tournament final. Yamaguchi won her next two bouts by decision. She participated in the shoot boxing Girls S-Cup 2010, defeating Samanta van Dole by technical submission (standing guillotine choke) and losing against Ai Takahashi by unanimous decision after an extra round.
On , Yamaguchi entered the 2011 Shoot Boxing Girls S-Cup tournament. She faced Mina in the opening round and was defeated by majority decision.
Yamaguchi entered the 2012 Shoot Boxing Girls S-Cup on . She defeated Namtarn Por Munagpetch and Lorena Klijn to advance to the final round, but lost to Rena Kubota via unanimous decision in the tournament final.
Yamaguchi faced Lorena Klijn in a rematch at Shoot Boxing 2013: Act.3 on . She was defeated by unanimous decision.
Yamaguchi was scheduled to compete against Du Peiling at the 2013 Shoot Boxing Girls S-Cup Japan Midsummer Festival on . However, Peiling suffered an injury and Yamaguchi instead faced Chihiro Kira. She defeated Kira by unanimous decision.
Mixed martial arts record
|-
|Loss
|align=center|
| Jihin Radzuan
| Decision (unanimous)
| ONE Championship: Bad Blood
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
| Kallang, Singapore
|
|-
|Loss
|align=center|
| Julie Mezabarba
| Decision (unanimous)
| ONE Championship: Empower
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
| Kallang, Singapore
|
|-
|Loss
|align=center|
|Denice Zamboanga
|Decision (unanimous)
|ONE Championship: King of the Jungle
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Kallang, Singapore
|
|-
|Win
|align=center| 21–11–1
|Jenny Huang
|Decision (unanimous)
|ONE Championship: Century Part 2
||
|align=center| 3
|align=center| 5:00
|Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
|Win
|align=center| 20–11–1
|Laura Balin
|Submission (Armbar)
| ONE Championship: Enter the Dragon
||
|align=center| 1
|align=center| 3:46
|Kallang , Singapore
|
|-
|Win
|align=center| 19–11–1
|Kseniya Lachkova
|Submission (Armbar)
| ONE Championship: A New Era
||
|align=center| 3
|align=center| 3:18
|Tokyo , Japan
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 18–11–1
| Jomary Torres
| Decision (unanimous)
| ONE Championship: Destiny of Champions
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 17–11–1
| Angela Lee
|Decision (unanimous)
| ONE Championship: Unstoppable Dreams
|
| align=center| 5
| align=center| 5:00
| Kallang, Singapore
| For One Women's Atomweight Championship (125 lb)
|-
| Win
| align=center| 17–10–1
| Gina Iniong
|Decision (unanimous)
| ONE Championship: Immortal Pursuit
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Kallang, Singapore
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 16–10–1
| Jenny Huang
|Submission (rear-naked choke)
| ONE Championship: Light of a Nation
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 4:00
| Yangon, Myanmar
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 15–10–1
| Istela Nunes
| Decision (split)
| ONE 44: Heroes of the World
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Macau, China
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 15–9–1
| Angela Lee
| Decision (unanimous)
| ONE Championship 42: Ascent to Power
|
| align=center| 5
| align=center| 5:00
| Kallang, Singapore
| <small>Atomweight bout. For Inaugural ONE Championship Women's Atomweight title.
|-
| Win
| align=center| 15–8–1
| Satomi Takano
| TKO (punches)
| Deep Jewels 8
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 4:57
| Tokyo, Japan
| <small>Deep Jewels Featherweight(-48 kg) Grand Prix Final; Won the Deep Jewels Featherweight Championship.
|-
| Win
| align=center| 14–8–1
| Mina Kurobe
| Decision (unanimous)
| Deep Jewels 8
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Tokyo, Japan
| <small>Deep Jewels Featherweight(-48 kg) Grand Prix Semifinal
|-
| Win
| align=center| 13–8–1
| Miyoko Kusaka
| KO (knee to the body)
| Deep Jewels 7
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 0:44
| Tokyo, Japan
| <small>Deep Jewels Featherweight(-48 kg) Grand Prix Quarterfinal
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 12–8–1
| Ayaka Hamasaki
| Decision (unanimous)
| Deep - Dream Impact 2014: Omisoka Special
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Saitama, Japan
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 12–7–1
| Yukiko Seki
| Technical Submission (rear naked choke)
| Deep-Jewels 4
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 3:17
| Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 11–7–1
| Gina Iniong
| Decision (split)
| Pacific Xtreme Combat 43
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| National Capital Region, Philippines
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 11–6–1
| Patricia Vidonic
| Decision (split)
| Pacific Xtreme Combat 40
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Mangilao, Guam, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 11–5–1
| Seo Ye Jung
| Submission (armbar)
| Jewels 24th Ring
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:55
| Kabukicho, Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 10–5–1
| Megumi Fujii
| Decision (unanimous)
| Vale Tudo Japan 2012
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 10–4–1
| Emi Tomimatsu
| Decision (unanimous)
| Jewels 20th Ring
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Koto, Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 9–4–1
| Katja Kankaanpää
| Decision (unanimous)
| Botnia Punishment 11: Kankaanpää vs. Yamaguchi
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Seinäjoki, Finland
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 9–3–1
| Mika Nagano
| Decision (split)
| Jewels 17th Ring
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Kabukicho, Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 8–3–1
| Seo Hee Ham
| Decision (unanimous)
| Jewels 15th Ring
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Kabukicho, Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 8–2–1
| Akiko Naito
| Submission (armbar)
| Pancrase: Impressive Tour 4
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 3:52
| Koto, Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 7–2–1
| Tomomi Sunaba
| Decision (majority)
| Pancrase: Impressive Tour 3
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Koto, Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Draw
| align=center| 6–2–1
| Kyoko Takabayashi
| Draw (majority)
| Valkyrie 08
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Koto, Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 6–2
| Yuka Tsuji
| Submission (rear-naked choke)
| Valkyrie 04
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:16
| Koto, Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 5–2
| Kyoko Takabayashi
| Decision (split)
| Cage Force & Valkyrie
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 3:00
| Koto, Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 4–2
| Emi Fujino
| Decision (unanimous)
| Valkyrie 02
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 3:00
| Koto, Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 3–2
| Yuka Tsuji
| Decision (unanimous)
| Valkyrie 01
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 3:00
| Koto, Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 3–1
| Emi Fujino
| Decision (split)
| Smackgirl 7th Anniversary: Starting Over
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 3–0
| Emi Tomimatsu
| Decision (split)
| Smackgirl 2007: Queens' Hottest Summer
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 2–0
| Saori Ishioka
| Submission (kneebar)
| Smackgirl-F 2007: The Next Cinderella 2007 2nd Stage
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 1:24
| Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 1–0
| Anna Saito
| Submission (rear-naked choke)
| Smackgirl-F 2007: The Next Cinderella Tournament 2007 First Stage
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 4:53
| Kabukicho, Tokyo, Japan
|
Submission grappling record
|-
|
| Loss
| Miku Matsumoto
| DEEP X03
| Tokyo, Japan
| Points (4-10)
| 2
| 4:00
| 0-2-0
|
|-
|
| Loss
| Yasuko Mogi
| Abu Dhabi Combat Club Japan Trial final qualifier
| Tokyo, Japan
| Points (2-6)
| N/A
| N/A
| 0-1-0
| Women under-55 kg class - 1st round
|-
| colspan=10 | Legend:
Shoot boxing record
|- style="background:#fbb;"
| 2015-08-21|| Loss||align=left| MIO || Shoot Boxing Girls S-Cup 2015 Japan Tournament, Semi Final|| Tokyo, Japan || Ext.R Decision (Unanimous) || 4 || 3:00|| 9-6-0
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 2015-08-21|| Win||align=left| Michi || Shoot Boxing Girls S-Cup 2015 Japan Tournament, Quarter Final|| Tokyo, Japan || Decision (Unanimous) || 4 || 3:00|| 9-5-0
|- bgcolor="CCFFCC"
| 2013-08-03 || Win ||align=left| Chihiro Kira || Shoot Boxing Girls S-Cup 2013 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (unanimous) || 3 || 3:00 || 8-5-0
|- bgcolor="FFBBBB"
| 2013-06-23 || Loss ||align=left| Lorena Klijn || Shoot Boxing 2013: Act.3 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (unanimous) || 3 || 3:00 || 7-5-0
|- bgcolor="FFBBBB"
| 2012-08-25 || Loss ||align=left| Rena Kubota || Shoot Boxing Girls S-Cup 2012, final || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (unanimous) || 3 || 2:00 || 7-4-0
|- bgcolor="CCFFCC"
| 2012-08-25 || Win ||align=left| Lorena Klijn || Shoot Boxing Girls S-Cup 2012, semi-finals || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (unanimous) || 4 (Ex.1) || 2:00 || 7-3-0
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|- bgcolor="CCFFCC"
| 2012-08-25 || Win ||align=left| Namtarn Por Munagpetch || Shoot Boxing Girls S-Cup 2012, first round || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (unanimous) || 4 (Ex.1) || 2:00 || 6-3-0
|- bgcolor="FFBBBB"
| 2011-08-19 || Loss ||align=left| Mina || Shoot Boxing Girls S-Cup 2011, first round || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (majority) || 3 || 2:00 || 5-3-0
|- bgcolor="FFBBBB"
| 2010-08-29 || Loss ||align=left| Ai Takahashi || Shoot Boxing Girls S-Cup 2010, semi-finals || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (unanimous) || 4 (Ex.1) || 2:00 || 5-2-0
|- bgcolor="CCFFCC"
| 2010-08-29 || Win ||align=left| Samanta van Dole || Shoot Boxing Girls S-Cup 2010, first round || Tokyo, Japan || TKO (Technical submission, standing guillotine choke) || 3 || 1:45 || 5-1-0
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|- bgcolor="CCFFCC"
| 2010-06-06 || Win ||align=left| Ikue Tanimura || Shoot Boxing 25th anniversary series || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (unanimous) || 3 || 2:00 || 4-1-0
|- bgcolor="CCFFCC"
| 2009-11-18 || Win ||align=left| Etsu Senchaigym || Shoot Boxing 2009: Bushido || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (unanimous) || 4 (Ex.1) || 2:00 || 3-1-0
|- bgcolor="FFBBBB"
| 2009-08-23 || Loss ||align=left| Rena Kubota || Shoot Boxing Girls Tournament 2009 final || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (unanimous) || 3 || 2:00 || 2-1-0
|- bgcolor="CCFFCC"
| 2009-08-23 || Win ||align=left| Madoka Okada || Shoot Boxing Girls Tournament 2009 semi-finals || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (unanimous) || 3 || 2:00 || 2-0-0
|- bgcolor="CCFFCC"
| 2009-08-23 || Win ||align=left| Su Jeong Lim || Shoot Boxing Girls Tournament 2009 first round || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (unanimous) || 3 || 2:00 || 1-0-0
|-
| colspan=9 | Legend:
Championships and accomplishments
Mixed martial arts
Deep Jewels Atomweight Champion (one time)
Smackgirl-F The Next Cinderella Tournament 2007 Lightweight winner
Valkyrie Featherweight Tournament winner
Valkyrie Featherweight Champion
MMAJunkie.com
2016 May Fight of the Month vs. Angela Lee
Shoot boxing
2009 Shoot Boxing Girls S-Cup runner-up
2012 Shoot Boxing Girls S-Cup runner-up
See also
List of current ONE fighters
List of female mixed martial artists
List of female kickboxers
References
External links
Profile at Fightergirls.com
Profile at shoot boxing
Official blog
1983 births
Strawweight mixed martial artists
Atomweight mixed martial artists
Living people
Japanese female mixed martial artists
Mixed martial artists utilizing karate
Mixed martial artists utilizing Brazilian jiu-jitsu
Japanese female karateka
Japanese female kickboxers
Female Brazilian jiu-jitsu practitioners
Japanese practitioners of Brazilian jiu-jitsu
People awarded a black belt in Brazilian jiu-jitsu
Sportspeople from Tokyo | [
", formerly known by her ring name , is a Japanese female mixed martial artist and kickboxer.",
"Her former nickname comes from the V1 armlock wrestling move.",
"Yamaguchi currently fights as a lightweight in the Jewels promotion.",
"She has a notable victory over Yuka Tsuji and was the final Valkyrie Featherweight Champion.",
"She is currently ranked #5 in the ONE Championship Women's Atomweight rankings.",
"On , Yamaguchi announced that she would begin competing as a freelance fighter and changed her ring name to V.V.",
"Early life\nYamaguchi was born in Tokyo, Japan on .",
"While living in Los Angeles, California, she studied some of her elementary school years before returning to Japan.",
"She also studied abroad in the United States during her university years.",
"Yamaguchi began to learn karate during her residence in the United States around the age of 7 years old, yearning to be like Jackie Chan.",
"During college, she started training in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu.",
"After returning to Japan, she joined Butoku Kai.",
"She currently serves as the leader of the Morishita branch.",
"In 2005, Yamaguchi entered into the Max Jiu-Jitsu Academy.",
"Mixed martial arts career\nYamaguchi started her professional career in MMA in the lightweight tournament of Smackgirl-F 2007: The Next Cinderella Tournament 2007 First Stage on , where she defeated Anna Saito by submission due to a rear naked choke.",
"Yamguchi won her next fight in Smackgirl, defeating Saori Ishioka with a kneebar, forcing Ishioka to tap in the second round in the semi-finals at Smackgirl-F 2007: The Next Cinderella Tournament 2007 2nd Stage on .",
"On at Smackgirl 2007: Queens' Hottest Summer, Yamaguchi defeated Emi Tomimatsu by split decision, winning the final of the Next Cinderella Tournament 2007 in the lightweight division.",
"In her last fight with the promotion Smackgirl and her fourth professional match, Yamaguchi was defeated via split decision by Emi Fujino on at Smackgirl 7th Anniversary: Starting Over.",
"Her next bout would be at the first event for the promotion Valkyrie, Valkyrie 01, where she lost by unanimous decision against women's MMA legend Yuka Tsuji on .",
"It was just the fourth time that Tsuji had been taken to a decision.",
"Yamaguchi rebounded by winning her next two bouts in the inaugural Valkyrie women's featherweight tournament.",
"The first was a unanimous decision win over Emi Fujino on at Valkyrie 02 in a rematch of their 2007 bout.",
"The second tournament bout was against Kyoko Takabayashi, whom Yamaguchi was able to defeat with a close split decision at Cage Force & Valkyrie on , winning the tournament in the process and earning the right to face Yuka Tsuji for Valkyrie's Featherweight championship.",
"At Valkyrie 04, in her second match against Tsuji, Yamaguchi was once again the underdog, but she managed to defeat Tsuji with a rear naked choke in only 76 seconds.",
"This was the first time that Tsuji was defeated by a fellow Japanese fighter and only the second time that she had been defeated in her MMA career.",
"Yamaguchi became Valkyrie's Featherweight Champion in what is considered one of the biggest upsets in the history of women's mixed martial arts.",
"On , Yamaguchi faced Kyoko Takabayashi in a rematch of the 2009 featherweight tournament final and Yamaguchi's first defense of Valkyrie's featherweight title.",
"Yamaguchi barely retained with a contentious majority draw in which the dissenting judge scored the fight in favor of Takabayashi at Valkyrie 08.",
"Yamaguchi faced \"Windy\" Tomomi Sunaba at Pancrase Impressive Tour 3 on .",
"She defeated Sunaba by majority decision.",
"Yamaguchi next faced Akiko Naito at Pancrase Impressive Tour 4 on .",
"She defeated Naito by armbar submission in the first round.",
"Yamaguchi faced Seo Hee Ham in a Jewels vs. Valkyrie match at Jewels 15th Ring on .",
"She was defeated by unanimous decision.",
"Yamaguchi faced Mika Nagano at Jewels 17th Ring on .",
"She won the fight by split decision.",
"Yamaguchi fought outside Japan for the first time in her MMA career when she faced Katja Kankaanpää at Botnia Punishment 11 on in Finland.",
"She was defeated by unanimous decision.",
"On , Yamaguchi faced Emi Tomimatsu in a rematch at Jewels 20th Ring.",
"She defeated Tomimatsu by unanimous decision.",
"Yamaguchi next faced Megumi Fujii at Vale Tudo Japan 2012 on .",
"She was defeated by unanimous decision.",
"On , Yamaguchi faced Seo Ye Jung at Jewels 24th Ring.",
"She defeated Jung by submission due to an armbar in the first round.",
"In her second fight outside Japan, Yamaguchi faced Patricia Vidonic at Pacific Xtreme Combat 40 on in Guam.",
"She was defeated by split decision.",
"Yamaguchi faced Julie Mezabarba as part of an alternate bout for the Atomweight World Grand-Prix at ONE Championship: Empower on September 3, 2021.",
"She lost the bout via unanimous decision.",
"Yamaguchi faced Jihin Radzuan at ONE Championship: Bad Blood on February 11, 2022, as a late notice replacement for Jenelyn Olsim.",
"She lost the bout via unanimous decision.",
"Submission grappling and shoot boxing career \nYamaguchi tried her hand in submission grappling, first in the Abu Dhabi Combat Club Japan Trial final qualifier in the under-55 kg class, where she was defeated by points by Yasuko Mogi on .",
"In her second and final submission grappling match, she was once again defeated by points; this time by women's MMA star Miku Matsumoto at DEEP X03 on .",
"Yamaguchi has had a more successful run in shoot boxing.",
"She began competing on , in the shoot boxing tournament Girls S-Cup 2009, where she defeated by decision South Korean female Muay thai kickboxer Su Jeong Lim and fellow mixed martial artist and karateka Madoka Okada before losing against female shoot boxing rising star Rena Kubota in the tournament final.",
"Yamaguchi won her next two bouts by decision.",
"She participated in the shoot boxing Girls S-Cup 2010, defeating Samanta van Dole by technical submission (standing guillotine choke) and losing against Ai Takahashi by unanimous decision after an extra round.",
"On , Yamaguchi entered the 2011 Shoot Boxing Girls S-Cup tournament.",
"She faced Mina in the opening round and was defeated by majority decision.",
"Yamaguchi entered the 2012 Shoot Boxing Girls S-Cup on .",
"She defeated Namtarn Por Munagpetch and Lorena Klijn to advance to the final round, but lost to Rena Kubota via unanimous decision in the tournament final.",
"Yamaguchi faced Lorena Klijn in a rematch at Shoot Boxing 2013: Act.3 on .",
"She was defeated by unanimous decision.",
"Yamaguchi was scheduled to compete against Du Peiling at the 2013 Shoot Boxing Girls S-Cup Japan Midsummer Festival on .",
"However, Peiling suffered an injury and Yamaguchi instead faced Chihiro Kira.",
"She defeated Kira by unanimous decision.",
"For Inaugural ONE Championship Women's Atomweight title.",
"|-\n| Win\n| align=center| 15–8–1\n| Satomi Takano\n| TKO (punches)\n| Deep Jewels 8\n| \n| align=center| 2\n| align=center| 4:57\n| Tokyo, Japan\n| <small>Deep Jewels Featherweight(-48 kg) Grand Prix Final; Won the Deep Jewels Featherweight Championship.",
"style=background:white colspan=9 |\n|-\n|- bgcolor=\"CCFFCC\"\n| 2012-08-25 || Win ||align=left| Namtarn Por Munagpetch || Shoot Boxing Girls S-Cup 2012, first round || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (unanimous) || 4 (Ex.1) || 2:00 || 6-3-0\n|- bgcolor=\"FFBBBB\"\n| 2011-08-19 || Loss ||align=left| Mina || Shoot Boxing Girls S-Cup 2011, first round || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (majority) || 3 || 2:00 || 5-3-0\n|- bgcolor=\"FFBBBB\"\n| 2010-08-29 || Loss ||align=left| Ai Takahashi || Shoot Boxing Girls S-Cup 2010, semi-finals || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (unanimous) || 4 (Ex.1) || 2:00 || 5-2-0\n|- bgcolor=\"CCFFCC\"\n| 2010-08-29 || Win ||align=left| Samanta van Dole || Shoot Boxing Girls S-Cup 2010, first round || Tokyo, Japan || TKO (Technical submission, standing guillotine choke) || 3 || 1:45 || 5-1-0\n|-\n!"
] | [
"She is a Japanese female mixed martial artist and kickboxer.",
"She used to be called the V1 armlock wrestling move.",
"In the Jewels promotion, Yamaguchi fights as a lightweight.",
"She had a victory over Yuka Tsuji and was the final champion.",
"She is currently ranked in the top five in the women's atomweight rankings.",
"She changed her ring name to V.V. after announcing that she would begin competing as a fighter.",
"Yamaguchi was born in Tokyo, Japan.",
"She returned to Japan after studying some of her elementary school years in Los Angeles, California.",
"She studied abroad during her university years.",
"When she was 7 years old, she began to learn karate and wanted to be like Chan.",
"She started training in martial arts.",
"She joined Butoku Kai after returning to Japan.",
"She is the leader of the branch.",
"In 2005, he entered the academy.",
"In the first stage of the Smackgirl-F 2007: The Next Cinderella Tournament, she defeated Anna Saito by submission due to a rear naked choke.",
"In the second stage of the Smackgirl-F 2007: The Next Cinderella Tournament, Yamguchi defeated Saori Ishioka with a kneebar, forcing her to tap in the second round.",
"At Smackgirl 2007, Yamaguchi defeated Tomimatsu by split decision to win the lightweight division.",
"At Smackgirl 7th Anniversary: Starting Over, Yamaguchi was defeated by a split decision in her last professional match.",
"At the first event for the promotion, she lost by a unanimous decision against Yuka Tsuji.",
"Tsuji had been taken to a decision four times.",
"She won her next two bouts in the tournament.",
"The second was a unanimous decision win over Fujino in a re-enactment of their first bout.",
"The second tournament bout was against Kyoko Takabayashi, who was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217",
"In her second match against Tsuji, Yamaguchi was once again the favorite, but she was able to defeat Tsuji with a rear naked choke in 76 seconds.",
"Tsuji was defeated by a fellow Japanese fighter for the first time and the second time in her MMA career.",
"One of the biggest upsets in the history of women's mixed martial arts was the victory of Yamaguchi.",
"Yamaguchi faced Kyoko Takabayashi for the second time in less than a year, and for the first time he would defend his title.",
"The fight in favor of Takabayashi was scored by the dissenting judge in a contentious majority draw.",
"\"Windy\" Tomomi Sunaba faced \"Yamaguchi\" at the Impressive Tour 3.",
"She defeated Sunaba.",
"At the 4th Pancrase Impressive Tour, Yamaguchi faced Akiko Naito.",
"She defeated Naito with an armbar submission.",
"The Jewels vs. Valkyrie match was held at the 15th Ring.",
"She was defeated by a unanimous decision.",
"There was a fight at the 17th Ring.",
"She won the fight.",
"It was the first time in her MMA career that she fought outside of Japan.",
"She was defeated by a unanimous decision.",
"There was a second match between Yamaguchi and Tomimatsu at the Jewels 20th Ring.",
"She defeated Tomimatsu by a unanimous decision.",
"At Vale Tudo Japan 2012 Yamaguchi faced Megumi Fujii.",
"She was defeated by a unanimous decision.",
"At the 24th Ring, Yamaguchi faced Seo Ye Jung.",
"She defeated Jung with an armbar in the first round.",
"In her second fight outside of Japan, she faced a woman.",
"She was defeated by a split decision.",
"The alternate bout for the Atomweight World Grand-Prix at ONE Championship: Empower was between Yamaguchi and Julie Mezabarba.",
"She was defeated by a unanimous decision.",
"There was a late notice replacement for Jenelyn Olsim at ONE Championship: Bad Blood.",
"She was defeated by a unanimous decision.",
"She tried her hand at submission grappling in the Abu Dhabi Combat Club Japan trial, where she was defeated by points by Yasuko Mogi, who was 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780",
"She was defeated by points in her second and final submission grappling match.",
"He has had success in shoot boxing.",
"In the shoot boxing tournament Girls S-Cup 2009, she defeated two other competitors, including a South Korean female Muay thai kickboxer, before losing to a female shoot boxing star.",
"Her next two bouts were decided.",
"She participated in the shoot boxing Girls S-Cup 2010, defeating Samanta van Dole by technical submission (standing guillotine choke) and losing against Ai Takahashi by unanimous decision after an extra round.",
"The Shoot Boxing Girls S-Cup tournament was entered by Yamaguchi.",
"She was defeated by a majority decision in the opening round.",
"The 2012 Shoot Boxing Girls S-Cup was entered by Yamaguchi.",
"She lost to her opponent in the final of the tournament by a unanimous decision.",
"There was a second fight at Shoot Boxing 2013: Act.3 on.",
"She was defeated by a unanimous decision.",
"Du Peiling was scheduled to compete against Yamaguchi at the Shoot Boxing Girls S-Cup Japan Midsummer Festival.",
"Peiling suffered an injury and was replaced by Chihiro Kira.",
"She defeated Kira by a unanimous decision.",
"For the inaugural ONE Championship Women's Atomweight title.",
"Satomi Takano, Deep Jewels 8 and Deep Jewels 8 were all wins.",
"The Shoot Boxing Girls S-Cup 2012 first round was held in Tokyo, Japan."
] | , formerly known by her ring name , is a Japanese female mixed martial artist and kickboxer. Her former nickname comes from the V1 armlock wrestling move. <mask> currently fights as a lightweight in the Jewels promotion. She has a notable victory over Yuka Tsuji and was the final Valkyrie Featherweight Champion. She is currently ranked #5 in the ONE Championship Women's Atomweight rankings. On , <mask> announced that she would begin competing as a freelance fighter and changed her ring name to V.V. Early life
<mask> was born in Tokyo, Japan on .While living in Los Angeles, California, she studied some of her elementary school years before returning to Japan. She also studied abroad in the United States during her university years. <mask> began to learn karate during her residence in the United States around the age of 7 years old, yearning to be like Jackie Chan. During college, she started training in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. After returning to Japan, she joined Butoku Kai. She currently serves as the leader of the Morishita branch. In 2005, <mask> entered into the Max Jiu-Jitsu Academy.Mixed martial arts career
<mask> started her professional career in MMA in the lightweight tournament of Smackgirl-F 2007: The Next Cinderella Tournament 2007 First Stage on , where she defeated Anna Saito by submission due to a rear naked choke. Yamguchi won her next fight in Smackgirl, defeating Saori Ishioka with a kneebar, forcing Ishioka to tap in the second round in the semi-finals at Smackgirl-F 2007: The Next Cinderella Tournament 2007 2nd Stage on . On at Smackgirl 2007: Queens' Hottest Summer, <mask> defeated Emi Tomimatsu by split decision, winning the final of the Next Cinderella Tournament 2007 in the lightweight division. In her last fight with the promotion Smackgirl and her fourth professional match, <mask> was defeated via split decision by Emi Fujino on at Smackgirl 7th Anniversary: Starting Over. Her next bout would be at the first event for the promotion Valkyrie, Valkyrie 01, where she lost by unanimous decision against women's MMA legend Yuka Tsuji on . It was just the fourth time that Tsuji had been taken to a decision. <mask> rebounded by winning her next two bouts in the inaugural Valkyrie women's featherweight tournament.The first was a unanimous decision win over Emi Fujino on at Valkyrie 02 in a rematch of their 2007 bout. The second tournament bout was against Kyoko Takabayashi, whom <mask> was able to defeat with a close split decision at Cage Force & Valkyrie on , winning the tournament in the process and earning the right to face Yuka Tsuji for Valkyrie's Featherweight championship. At Valkyrie 04, in her second match against Tsuji, <mask> was once again the underdog, but she managed to defeat Tsuji with a rear naked choke in only 76 seconds. This was the first time that Tsuji was defeated by a fellow Japanese fighter and only the second time that she had been defeated in her MMA career. <mask> became Valkyrie's Featherweight Champion in what is considered one of the biggest upsets in the history of women's mixed martial arts. On , <mask> faced Kyoko Takabayashi in a rematch of the 2009 featherweight tournament final and <mask>'s first defense of Valkyrie's featherweight title. <mask> barely retained with a contentious majority draw in which the dissenting judge scored the fight in favor of Takabayashi at Valkyrie 08.<mask> faced "Windy" Tomomi Sunaba at Pancrase Impressive Tour 3 on . She defeated Sunaba by majority decision. <mask> next faced Akiko Naito at Pancrase Impressive Tour 4 on . She defeated Naito by armbar submission in the first round. <mask> faced Seo Hee Ham in a Jewels vs. Valkyrie match at Jewels 15th Ring on . She was defeated by unanimous decision. <mask> faced Mika Nagano at Jewels 17th Ring on .She won the fight by split decision. <mask> fought outside Japan for the first time in her MMA career when she faced Katja Kankaanpää at Botnia Punishment 11 on in Finland. She was defeated by unanimous decision. On , <mask> faced Emi Tomimatsu in a rematch at Jewels 20th Ring. She defeated Tomimatsu by unanimous decision. <mask> next faced Megumi Fujii at Vale Tudo Japan 2012 on . She was defeated by unanimous decision.On , <mask> faced Seo Ye Jung at Jewels 24th Ring. She defeated Jung by submission due to an armbar in the first round. In her second fight outside Japan, <mask> faced Patricia Vidonic at Pacific Xtreme Combat 40 on in Guam. She was defeated by split decision. <mask> faced Julie Mezabarba as part of an alternate bout for the Atomweight World Grand-Prix at ONE Championship: Empower on September 3, 2021. She lost the bout via unanimous decision. <mask> faced Jihin Radzuan at ONE Championship: Bad Blood on February 11, 2022, as a late notice replacement for Jenelyn Olsim.She lost the bout via unanimous decision. Submission grappling and shoot boxing career
<mask> tried her hand in submission grappling, first in the Abu Dhabi Combat Club Japan Trial final qualifier in the under-55 kg class, where she was defeated by points by Yasuko Mogi on . In her second and final submission grappling match, she was once again defeated by points; this time by women's MMA star Miku Matsumoto at DEEP X03 on . <mask> has had a more successful run in shoot boxing. She began competing on , in the shoot boxing tournament Girls S-Cup 2009, where she defeated by decision South Korean female Muay thai kickboxer Su Jeong Lim and fellow mixed martial artist and karateka Madoka Okada before losing against female shoot boxing rising star Rena Kubota in the tournament final. <mask> won her next two bouts by decision. She participated in the shoot boxing Girls S-Cup 2010, defeating Samanta van Dole by technical submission (standing guillotine choke) and losing against Ai Takahashi by unanimous decision after an extra round.On , <mask> entered the 2011 Shoot Boxing Girls S-Cup tournament. She faced Mina in the opening round and was defeated by majority decision. <mask> entered the 2012 Shoot Boxing Girls S-Cup on . She defeated Namtarn Por Munagpetch and Lorena Klijn to advance to the final round, but lost to Rena Kubota via unanimous decision in the tournament final. <mask> faced Lorena Klijn in a rematch at Shoot Boxing 2013: Act.3 on . She was defeated by unanimous decision. <mask> was scheduled to compete against Du Peiling at the 2013 Shoot Boxing Girls S-Cup Japan Midsummer Festival on .However, Peiling suffered an injury and <mask> instead faced Chihiro Kira. She defeated Kira by unanimous decision. For Inaugural ONE Championship Women's Atomweight title. |-
| Win
| align=center| 15–8–1
| Satomi Takano
| TKO (punches)
| Deep Jewels 8
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 4:57
| Tokyo, Japan
| <small>Deep Jewels Featherweight(-48 kg) Grand Prix Final; Won the Deep Jewels Featherweight Championship. style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|- bgcolor="CCFFCC"
| 2012-08-25 || Win ||align=left| Namtarn Por Munagpetch || Shoot Boxing Girls S-Cup 2012, first round || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (unanimous) || 4 (Ex.1) || 2:00 || 6-3-0
|- bgcolor="FFBBBB"
| 2011-08-19 || Loss ||align=left| Mina || Shoot Boxing Girls S-Cup 2011, first round || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (majority) || 3 || 2:00 || 5-3-0
|- bgcolor="FFBBBB"
| 2010-08-29 || Loss ||align=left| Ai Takahashi || Shoot Boxing Girls S-Cup 2010, semi-finals || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (unanimous) || 4 (Ex.1) || 2:00 || 5-2-0
|- bgcolor="CCFFCC"
| 2010-08-29 || Win ||align=left| Samanta van Dole || Shoot Boxing Girls S-Cup 2010, first round || Tokyo, Japan || TKO (Technical submission, standing guillotine choke) || 3 || 1:45 || 5-1-0
|-
! | [
"Yamaguchi",
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] | She is a Japanese female mixed martial artist and kickboxer. She used to be called the V1 armlock wrestling move. In the Jewels promotion, <mask> fights as a lightweight. She had a victory over Yuka Tsuji and was the final champion. She is currently ranked in the top five in the women's atomweight rankings. She changed her ring name to V.V. after announcing that she would begin competing as a fighter. <mask> was born in Tokyo, Japan.She returned to Japan after studying some of her elementary school years in Los Angeles, California. She studied abroad during her university years. When she was 7 years old, she began to learn karate and wanted to be like Chan. She started training in martial arts. She joined Butoku Kai after returning to Japan. She is the leader of the branch. In 2005, he entered the academy.In the first stage of the Smackgirl-F 2007: The Next Cinderella Tournament, she defeated Anna Saito by submission due to a rear naked choke. In the second stage of the Smackgirl-F 2007: The Next Cinderella Tournament, Yamguchi defeated Saori Ishioka with a kneebar, forcing her to tap in the second round. At Smackgirl 2007, <mask> defeated Tomimatsu by split decision to win the lightweight division. At Smackgirl 7th Anniversary: Starting Over, <mask> was defeated by a split decision in her last professional match. At the first event for the promotion, she lost by a unanimous decision against Yuka Tsuji. Tsuji had been taken to a decision four times. She won her next two bouts in the tournament.The second was a unanimous decision win over Fujino in a re-enactment of their first bout. The second tournament bout was against Kyoko Takabayashi, who was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 In her second match against Tsuji, Yamaguchi was once again the favorite, but she was able to defeat Tsuji with a rear naked choke in 76 seconds. Tsuji was defeated by a fellow Japanese fighter for the first time and the second time in her MMA career. One of the biggest upsets in the history of women's mixed martial arts was the victory of Yamaguchi. Yamaguchi faced Kyoko Takabayashi for the second time in less than a year, and for the first time he would defend his title. The fight in favor of Takabayashi was scored by the dissenting judge in a contentious majority draw."Windy" Tomomi Sunaba faced "<mask>" at the Impressive Tour 3. She defeated Sunaba. At the 4th Pancrase Impressive Tour, <mask> faced Akiko Naito. She defeated Naito with an armbar submission. The Jewels vs. Valkyrie match was held at the 15th Ring. She was defeated by a unanimous decision. There was a fight at the 17th Ring.She won the fight. It was the first time in her MMA career that she fought outside of Japan. She was defeated by a unanimous decision. There was a second match between <mask> and Tomimatsu at the Jewels 20th Ring. She defeated Tomimatsu by a unanimous decision. At Vale Tudo Japan 2012 <mask> faced Megumi Fujii. She was defeated by a unanimous decision.At the 24th Ring, <mask> faced Seo Ye Jung. She defeated Jung with an armbar in the first round. In her second fight outside of Japan, she faced a woman. She was defeated by a split decision. The alternate bout for the Atomweight World Grand-Prix at ONE Championship: Empower was between <mask> and Julie Mezabarba. She was defeated by a unanimous decision. There was a late notice replacement for Jenelyn Olsim at ONE Championship: Bad Blood.She was defeated by a unanimous decision. She tried her hand at submission grappling in the Abu Dhabi Combat Club Japan trial, where she was defeated by points by Yasuko Mogi, who was 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 She was defeated by points in her second and final submission grappling match. He has had success in shoot boxing. In the shoot boxing tournament Girls S-Cup 2009, she defeated two other competitors, including a South Korean female Muay thai kickboxer, before losing to a female shoot boxing star. Her next two bouts were decided. She participated in the shoot boxing Girls S-Cup 2010, defeating Samanta van Dole by technical submission (standing guillotine choke) and losing against Ai Takahashi by unanimous decision after an extra round.The Shoot Boxing Girls S-Cup tournament was entered by <mask>. She was defeated by a majority decision in the opening round. The 2012 Shoot Boxing Girls S-Cup was entered by <mask>. She lost to her opponent in the final of the tournament by a unanimous decision. There was a second fight at Shoot Boxing 2013: Act.3 on. She was defeated by a unanimous decision. Du Peiling was scheduled to compete against <mask> at the Shoot Boxing Girls S-Cup Japan Midsummer Festival.Peiling suffered an injury and was replaced by Chihiro Kira. She defeated Kira by a unanimous decision. For the inaugural ONE Championship Women's Atomweight title. Satomi Takano, Deep Jewels 8 and Deep Jewels 8 were all wins. The Shoot Boxing Girls S-Cup 2012 first round was held in Tokyo, Japan. | [
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1545691 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac%20Carothers | Isaac Carothers | Isaac "Ike" Sims Carothers is a former alderman of the 29th Ward on the far west side of the City of Chicago. He was first elected in 1999. He resigned in 2010 after pleading guilty to federal corruption charges.
Family and early life
Carothers grew up in Chicago where he attended public elementary school and then De La Salle High School. He earned a degree in Political Science from DePaul University and his Masters in Criminal Justice from Chicago State University.
Both Carothers' father and grandfather were city employees active in local politics. Isaac's grandfather, Isaac "Ike" Sims, was a Department of Sewers employee, Illinois State Representative and 28th Ward committeeman. Isaac's father, William Carothers, was a Streets and Sanitation ward superintendent. William Carothers replaced his father-in-law, Isaac "Ike" Sims as committeeman in 1976.
While alderman, William Carothers and his assistant Ozzie Hutchins threatened to block a $14.5 million Bethany Hospital expansion unless they received $15,000 worth of remodelling in their ward office. Both William Carothers and Hutchins were convicted of conspiracy and extortion on August 23, 1983. William Carothers was sentenced to three years in the federal prison in Terre Haute, Indiana and was defeated in his next election in the 28th Ward by Ed Smith in a run-off in early 1983.
Early career
Isaac and his brother were both Cook County deputy sheriffs. In 1985, a federal judge ordered William Carothers, his two sons, and a fourth man to pay $152,000 in damages for a campaign of physical violence and intimidation organized by William Carothers, from prison, against a political opponent, independent incumbent State Representative Arthur Turner of the far west side 17th District who had challenged William Carothers' former assistant, Ozzie Hutchins. Turner's aides were threatened with guns and one aide suffered severe injuries to the side of his head and broken bones. Turner and his aides filed a civil lawsuit following their election defeat by Hutchins. U.S. District Judge Charles Kocoras said Isaac Carothers appeared to be the ringleader and "organized their acts of intimidation" by force, while his brother used his deputy's position to verbally threaten the plaintiffs. Isaac Carothers was ordered to pay $25,000 damages.
Isacc Carothers worked for the Cook County Defender's Office. In 1989, he was hired as a Superintendent for the Department of Water. Carothers was hired as Director of Internal Audit for the Chicago Park District in 1993 and named Deputy Commissioner of Streets and Sanitation in 1997.
Aldermanic career
Carothers was elected alderman in 1999 after defeating eight opponents, including the incumbent, Alderman Sam Burrell, in a February first round, and a ninth opponent, Floyd Thomas, in an April run-off.
Carothers highlighted a new police station, a senior housing development, a movie theater, and new restaurants as some of his accomplishments.
Carothers served on five committees: Committees, Rules and Ethics, Finance, Aviation, Special Events and Cultural Affairs Transportation and the Public Way. Just two years after being elected alderman, Carothers was appointed chairman of the city council's Police and Fire Committee.
Carothers' name appeared more often than any other alderman's on a list of clouted job-seekers and their political sponsors unveiled by federal prosecutors in June 2006 during the trial of patronage chief Robert Sorich.
In 2008, Carothers was one of seven Chicago aldermen who between them got ten of their children good-paying summer jobs with the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago.
In 2008, Carothers paid a relative more than $30,000 from a taxpayer-funded payroll account available to aldermen without scrutiny. "All of us (aldermen) have family members on the payroll," said Carothers, while declining to clarify if the William Carothers on his payroll was his father or his brother, both named William.
Indictment, cooperation with FBI, conviction, and resignation
In 2007, Carothers accepted $11,000 in campaign contributions from a real-estate developer seeking zoning changes who was cooperating with the Federal Bureau of Investigations.
In 2007, the office of the United States Attorney for the Northern District of Illinois Patrick Fitzgerald subpoenaed Carothers demanding documents including seven years worth of aldermanic expense records; 29th Ward zoning changes; ordinances introduced by Carothers, and correspondence between Carothers and the mayor's office regarding zoning changes. The subpoena further demanded information on comments made and votes taken by Carothers since January 2001 before two city council committees.
Beginning in early 2008, and for more than a year, Carothers worked undercover with the FBI and secretly wore a wire. Carothers was a member of the city council's Aviation Committee, whose duties include approving contracts at the airports. Carothers rented space for his ward office from one of the companies of local businessman Wafeek "Wally" Aiyash. Carothers wore a hidden microphone and a video camera to secretly capture his meetings with Aiyash in June 2008. Aiyash gave Carothers $9,000, and offered a $100,000 bribe, Aiyash thought Carothers could help him open five restaurants in Chicago's two airports. The federal charges against Aiyash alleged that Aiyash had a corrupt relationship with Carothers before the alderman began cooperating with federal authorities.
The US Attorney's office in Chicago indicted Carothers on federal corruption charges on May 28, 2009. Galewood Yards was a former rail-yard and industrial site in the 29th Ward on the city's west side, the largest undeveloped tract of land within city limits. Real-estate developer Calvin Boender sought to transform the site into a mixed-use residential and commercial project. Boender paid for approximately $40,000 in home improvements to Carothers' residence and provided him with meals and tickets to professional sporting events, which Carothers illegally accepted, in exchange for Carothers' official acts supporting successful zoning changes for the project. Carothers and Boender were indicted on federal fraud and bribery charges. Carothers was charged with four counts of wire or mail fraud and one count each of accepting a bribe and filing a false federal income tax return. The indictment also sought forfeiture of at least $40,000 from Carothers, representing the financial benefits he received in home improvements. Carothers also asked Boender to donate to the campaign of Carothers' aunt, Anita Rivkin-Carothers, who unsuccessfully ran for Congress in 2004, and Boender enlisted two others to give contributions on his behalf. Boender and his associates donated about $55,000 to Carothers, according to campaign-contribution records. On March 18, 2010, a federal jury convicted Boender on five counts including bribing Carothers for a zoning change.
Carothers initially pleaded not guilty at his arraignment in federal court on Monday, June 8, 2009. A plea deal called for prosecutors to drop four wire and mail fraud charges. On February 1, 2010, Carothers pleaded guilty to one count of failing to report the home improvements on his income taxes and to one count of corruptly accepting items of value for supporting the zoning change for the Boender project. Carothers agreed to a 28-month prison term, continued cooperation with prosecutors, and $40,000 in restitution. Under state law, the guilty plea requires that Carothers' city council seat be vacated immediately, and hours after entering the plea, Carothers resigned from the city council in a letter to Mayor Richard M. Daley.
Father William and son Isaac were convicted of almost the same crimes three decades apart, described as "...perhaps the most striking combination of aldermanic nepotism combined with Chicago-style corruption..." by the Chicago Tribune. William's was the eleventh, and Isaac's, the 28th, conviction of a Chicago alderman since 1972.
Isaac Carothers was released from prison in March 2012.
Candidate for Cook County Board of Commissioners
Carothers announced his candidacy for the office of Commissioner on the Cook County Board at a meeting of the 37th Ward Democratic Organization. Carthers' candidacy is supported by Alderman Emma Mitts of the 37th Ward. On November 25, 2013, Carothers filed nominating petitions to get on the March 2014 primary ballot. Cook County Board President Toni Preckwinkle said she would not support Carother's candidacy. "It takes a special sort of chutzpah to run for public office after doing time for public corruption," the Chicago Tribune editorialized.
Personal life
Alderman Carothers is married to his wife Sharron, and they have two sons, Sherman and Matthew. Carothers attends Original Providence Baptist Church on Chicago's west side.
Carothers' aunt, Anita Rivkin-Carothers, is currently a judge on the Circuit Court of Cook County in the domestic violence court. As an attorney, Rivkin-Carothers represented white supremacist Matthew F. Hale before the Illinois Supreme Court, defended Gangster Disciples leader Larry Hoover in federal court, and represented Tina Olison in her custody battle with Alderman Edward M. Burke and his wife Anne over Olison's child "Baby T". In 2004 Rivkin-Carothers unsuccessfully challenged incumbent US Representative of the 7th Congressional District Danny K. Davis.
References
External links
Isaac Carothers archive at the Chicago Reader
Isaac Carothers archive at the Huffington Post
Ike Carothers archive at the Huffington Post
Chicago City Council members
Living people
Illinois politicians convicted of crimes
African-American people in Illinois politics
Illinois Democrats
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century African-American people | [
"Isaac \"Ike\" Sims Carothers is a former alderman of the 29th Ward on the far west side of the City of Chicago.",
"He was first elected in 1999.",
"He resigned in 2010 after pleading guilty to federal corruption charges.",
"Family and early life \n\nCarothers grew up in Chicago where he attended public elementary school and then De La Salle High School.",
"He earned a degree in Political Science from DePaul University and his Masters in Criminal Justice from Chicago State University.",
"Both Carothers' father and grandfather were city employees active in local politics.",
"Isaac's grandfather, Isaac \"Ike\" Sims, was a Department of Sewers employee, Illinois State Representative and 28th Ward committeeman.",
"Isaac's father, William Carothers, was a Streets and Sanitation ward superintendent.",
"William Carothers replaced his father-in-law, Isaac \"Ike\" Sims as committeeman in 1976.",
"While alderman, William Carothers and his assistant Ozzie Hutchins threatened to block a $14.5 million Bethany Hospital expansion unless they received $15,000 worth of remodelling in their ward office.",
"Both William Carothers and Hutchins were convicted of conspiracy and extortion on August 23, 1983.",
"William Carothers was sentenced to three years in the federal prison in Terre Haute, Indiana and was defeated in his next election in the 28th Ward by Ed Smith in a run-off in early 1983.",
"Early career \n\nIsaac and his brother were both Cook County deputy sheriffs.",
"In 1985, a federal judge ordered William Carothers, his two sons, and a fourth man to pay $152,000 in damages for a campaign of physical violence and intimidation organized by William Carothers, from prison, against a political opponent, independent incumbent State Representative Arthur Turner of the far west side 17th District who had challenged William Carothers' former assistant, Ozzie Hutchins.",
"Turner's aides were threatened with guns and one aide suffered severe injuries to the side of his head and broken bones.",
"Turner and his aides filed a civil lawsuit following their election defeat by Hutchins.",
"U.S. District Judge Charles Kocoras said Isaac Carothers appeared to be the ringleader and \"organized their acts of intimidation\" by force, while his brother used his deputy's position to verbally threaten the plaintiffs.",
"Isaac Carothers was ordered to pay $25,000 damages.",
"Isacc Carothers worked for the Cook County Defender's Office.",
"In 1989, he was hired as a Superintendent for the Department of Water.",
"Carothers was hired as Director of Internal Audit for the Chicago Park District in 1993 and named Deputy Commissioner of Streets and Sanitation in 1997.",
"Aldermanic career \n\nCarothers was elected alderman in 1999 after defeating eight opponents, including the incumbent, Alderman Sam Burrell, in a February first round, and a ninth opponent, Floyd Thomas, in an April run-off.",
"Carothers highlighted a new police station, a senior housing development, a movie theater, and new restaurants as some of his accomplishments.",
"Carothers served on five committees: Committees, Rules and Ethics, Finance, Aviation, Special Events and Cultural Affairs Transportation and the Public Way.",
"Just two years after being elected alderman, Carothers was appointed chairman of the city council's Police and Fire Committee.",
"Carothers' name appeared more often than any other alderman's on a list of clouted job-seekers and their political sponsors unveiled by federal prosecutors in June 2006 during the trial of patronage chief Robert Sorich.",
"In 2008, Carothers was one of seven Chicago aldermen who between them got ten of their children good-paying summer jobs with the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago.",
"In 2008, Carothers paid a relative more than $30,000 from a taxpayer-funded payroll account available to aldermen without scrutiny.",
"\"All of us (aldermen) have family members on the payroll,\" said Carothers, while declining to clarify if the William Carothers on his payroll was his father or his brother, both named William.",
"Indictment, cooperation with FBI, conviction, and resignation \n\nIn 2007, Carothers accepted $11,000 in campaign contributions from a real-estate developer seeking zoning changes who was cooperating with the Federal Bureau of Investigations.",
"In 2007, the office of the United States Attorney for the Northern District of Illinois Patrick Fitzgerald subpoenaed Carothers demanding documents including seven years worth of aldermanic expense records; 29th Ward zoning changes; ordinances introduced by Carothers, and correspondence between Carothers and the mayor's office regarding zoning changes.",
"The subpoena further demanded information on comments made and votes taken by Carothers since January 2001 before two city council committees.",
"Beginning in early 2008, and for more than a year, Carothers worked undercover with the FBI and secretly wore a wire.",
"Carothers was a member of the city council's Aviation Committee, whose duties include approving contracts at the airports.",
"Carothers rented space for his ward office from one of the companies of local businessman Wafeek \"Wally\" Aiyash.",
"Carothers wore a hidden microphone and a video camera to secretly capture his meetings with Aiyash in June 2008.",
"Aiyash gave Carothers $9,000, and offered a $100,000 bribe, Aiyash thought Carothers could help him open five restaurants in Chicago's two airports.",
"The federal charges against Aiyash alleged that Aiyash had a corrupt relationship with Carothers before the alderman began cooperating with federal authorities.",
"The US Attorney's office in Chicago indicted Carothers on federal corruption charges on May 28, 2009.",
"Galewood Yards was a former rail-yard and industrial site in the 29th Ward on the city's west side, the largest undeveloped tract of land within city limits.",
"Real-estate developer Calvin Boender sought to transform the site into a mixed-use residential and commercial project.",
"Boender paid for approximately $40,000 in home improvements to Carothers' residence and provided him with meals and tickets to professional sporting events, which Carothers illegally accepted, in exchange for Carothers' official acts supporting successful zoning changes for the project.",
"Carothers and Boender were indicted on federal fraud and bribery charges.",
"Carothers was charged with four counts of wire or mail fraud and one count each of accepting a bribe and filing a false federal income tax return.",
"The indictment also sought forfeiture of at least $40,000 from Carothers, representing the financial benefits he received in home improvements.",
"Carothers also asked Boender to donate to the campaign of Carothers' aunt, Anita Rivkin-Carothers, who unsuccessfully ran for Congress in 2004, and Boender enlisted two others to give contributions on his behalf.",
"Boender and his associates donated about $55,000 to Carothers, according to campaign-contribution records.",
"On March 18, 2010, a federal jury convicted Boender on five counts including bribing Carothers for a zoning change.",
"Carothers initially pleaded not guilty at his arraignment in federal court on Monday, June 8, 2009.",
"A plea deal called for prosecutors to drop four wire and mail fraud charges.",
"On February 1, 2010, Carothers pleaded guilty to one count of failing to report the home improvements on his income taxes and to one count of corruptly accepting items of value for supporting the zoning change for the Boender project.",
"Carothers agreed to a 28-month prison term, continued cooperation with prosecutors, and $40,000 in restitution.",
"Under state law, the guilty plea requires that Carothers' city council seat be vacated immediately, and hours after entering the plea, Carothers resigned from the city council in a letter to Mayor Richard M. Daley.",
"Father William and son Isaac were convicted of almost the same crimes three decades apart, described as \"...perhaps the most striking combination of aldermanic nepotism combined with Chicago-style corruption...\" by the Chicago Tribune.",
"William's was the eleventh, and Isaac's, the 28th, conviction of a Chicago alderman since 1972.",
"Isaac Carothers was released from prison in March 2012.",
"Candidate for Cook County Board of Commissioners \n\nCarothers announced his candidacy for the office of Commissioner on the Cook County Board at a meeting of the 37th Ward Democratic Organization.",
"Carthers' candidacy is supported by Alderman Emma Mitts of the 37th Ward.",
"On November 25, 2013, Carothers filed nominating petitions to get on the March 2014 primary ballot.",
"Cook County Board President Toni Preckwinkle said she would not support Carother's candidacy.",
"\"It takes a special sort of chutzpah to run for public office after doing time for public corruption,\" the Chicago Tribune editorialized.",
"Personal life \n\nAlderman Carothers is married to his wife Sharron, and they have two sons, Sherman and Matthew.",
"Carothers attends Original Providence Baptist Church on Chicago's west side.",
"Carothers' aunt, Anita Rivkin-Carothers, is currently a judge on the Circuit Court of Cook County in the domestic violence court.",
"As an attorney, Rivkin-Carothers represented white supremacist Matthew F. Hale before the Illinois Supreme Court, defended Gangster Disciples leader Larry Hoover in federal court, and represented Tina Olison in her custody battle with Alderman Edward M. Burke and his wife Anne over Olison's child \"Baby T\".",
"In 2004 Rivkin-Carothers unsuccessfully challenged incumbent US Representative of the 7th Congressional District Danny K. Davis.",
"References\n\nExternal links\nIsaac Carothers archive at the Chicago Reader\nIsaac Carothers archive at the Huffington Post\nIke Carothers archive at the Huffington Post\n\nChicago City Council members\nLiving people\nIllinois politicians convicted of crimes\nAfrican-American people in Illinois politics\nIllinois Democrats\nYear of birth missing (living people)\n21st-century African-American people"
] | [
"The 29th Ward is located on the far west side of the City of Chicago.",
"He was first elected in 1999.",
"He resigned after pleading guilty to federal corruption charges.",
"Carothers grew up in Chicago and attended De La Salle High School.",
"He received his Masters in Criminal Justice from Chicago State University.",
"The father and grandfather of Carothers worked for the city.",
"Ike Sims was a Department of Sewers employee, Illinois State Representative and 28th Ward committeeman.",
"The Streets and Sanitation ward was headed by William Carothers.",
"In 1976, William Carothers took over from his father-in-law, Ike Sims.",
"Carothers and Hutchins threatened to block the expansion unless they received $15,000 worth of renovations in their ward office.",
"On August 23, 1983, William Carothers and Hutchins were found guilty of conspiracy and extortion.",
"Ed Smith defeated William Carothers in a run-off in early 1983 after he was sentenced to three years in the federal prison in Terre Haute, Indiana.",
"Both of his brothers were Cook County deputy sheriffs.",
"A federal judge ordered William Carothers, his two sons, and a fourth man to pay over $150,000 in damages for a campaign of physical violence and intimidation against a political opponent.",
"Turner's aides were threatened with guns and one suffered serious injuries to the side of his head.",
"Turner and his aides were defeated in the election.",
"District Judge Charles Kocoras said that the leader of the group appeared to be his brother, and that he organized their acts of intimidation by force.",
"He was ordered to pay damages.",
"Isacc was employed by the Cook County Defender's Office.",
"He was hired by the Department of Water in 1989.",
"In 1993 Carothers was hired as the Director of Internal Audit for the Chicago Park District and in 1997 he was named the deputy commissioner of Streets and Sanitation.",
"In 1999, after defeating eight opponents, including the incumbent, Sam Burrell, in a February first round, and a ninth opponent, Floyd Thomas, in an April run-off, Carothers was elected alderman.",
"A new police station, a senior housing development, a movie theater, and new restaurants were some of the accomplishments of Carothers.",
"Carothers was a member of five committees: Committees, Rules and Ethics, Finance, Aviation, Special Events and Cultural Affairs.",
"Two years after being elected to the city council, Carothers was appointed chairman of the Police and Fire Committee.",
"The list of clouted job-seekers and their political sponsors was released by federal prosecutors in June 2006 during the trial of Robert Sorich.",
"Ten of Carothers' children were given good-paying summer jobs with the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago.",
"In 2008, Carothers paid a relative more than $30,000 from a taxpayer-funded payroll account.",
"\"All of us (aldermen) have family members on the payroll,\" said Carothers, while declining to clarify if the William Carothers on his payroll was his father or his brother, both named William.",
"In 2007, Carothers accepted $11,000 in campaign contributions from a real-estate developer who was cooperating with the Federal Bureau of Investigations.",
"In 2007, the office of the United States Attorney for the Northern District of Illinois Patrick Fitzgerald subpoenaed Carothers demanding documents including seven years worth of aldermanic expense records.",
"The information that was demanded by the subpoena was made known to the two city council committees.",
"Carothers worked for more than a year with the FBI and wore a wire.",
"The city council's Aviation Committee is responsible for approving contracts at the airports.",
"One of the companies of Wafeek \"Wally\" Aiyash rented the space for Carothers' office.",
"In June 2008, Carothers wore a hidden microphone and video camera to secretly capture his meetings with Aiyash.",
"Aiyash thought Carothers could help him open five restaurants in Chicago's two airports and gave him a $100,000 bribe.",
"Aiyash was accused of having a corrupt relationship with Carothers before he began cooperating with federal authorities.",
"Carothers was indicted by the US Attorney's office in Chicago.",
"The largest undeveloped tract of land in the city is located in the 29th Ward on the city's west side.",
"Calvin Boender wanted to transform the site into a mixed-use project.",
"Boender paid for home improvements to Carothers' residence and INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals",
"The two were indicted on federal fraud and bribery charges.",
"Carothers was charged with four counts of wire or mail fraud, one count of accepting a bribe, and one count of filing a false federal income tax return.",
"The financial benefits he received in home improvements were represented in the indictment.",
"Boender was asked to give money to the campaign of Carothers' aunt, who ran for Congress in 2004, as well as two other people.",
"According to campaign-contribution records, Boender and his associates donated tens of thousands of dollars.",
"Boender was found guilty by a federal jury on March 18, 2010 of five counts.",
"At his federal court appearance on Monday, June 8, 2009, Carothers initially pleaded not guilty.",
"Four wire and mail fraud charges were dropped as part of a plea deal.",
"Carothers pleaded guilty to one count of failing to report the home improvements on his income taxes and to one count of corruptly accepting items of value for supporting the Boender project.",
"Carothers agreed to a prison term and continued cooperation with prosecutors.",
"Carothers resigned from the city council hours after he entered the guilty plea under state law.",
"The Chicago Tribune described the crimes of William and his son as \"perhaps the most striking combination of aldermanic nepotism combined with Chicago-style corruption.\"",
"The conviction of William's was the eleventh and the 28th since 1972.",
"The man was released from prison in March of 2012",
"At a meeting of the 37th Ward Democratic Organization, Carothers announced his candidacy for the office of Commissioner on the Cook County Board.",
"Carthers' candidacy is supported by an elected official.",
"Carothers filed petitions to get on the ballot.",
"Preckwinkle said she wouldn't support Carother's candidacy.",
"After doing time for public corruption, it takes a special sort of chutzpah to run for public office.",
"His wife Sharron and their two sons, Sherman and Matthew, are his personal life.",
"The Original Providence Baptist Church is on Chicago's west side.",
"Carothers' aunt is a judge on the Circuit Court of Cook County.",
"Rivkin- Carothers was an attorney and represented white supremacist Matthew F. Hale before the Illinois Supreme Court.",
"Danny K. Davis was the incumbent US Representative of the 7th Congressional District.",
"There are links at the Chicago Reader and the Huffington Post."
] | <mask>Ike<mask> is a former alderman of the 29th Ward on the far west side of the City of Chicago. He was first elected in 1999. He resigned in 2010 after pleading guilty to federal corruption charges. Family and early life
<mask> grew up in Chicago where he attended public elementary school and then De La Salle High School. He earned a degree in Political Science from DePaul University and his Masters in Criminal Justice from Chicago State University. Both Carothers' father and grandfather were city employees active in local politics. <mask>'s grandfather, <mask> "Ike" Sims, was a Department of Sewers employee, Illinois State Representative and 28th Ward committeeman.<mask>'s father, <mask>, was a Streets and Sanitation ward superintendent. <mask> replaced his father-in-law, <mask> "Ike" Sims as committeeman in 1976. While alderman, <mask> and his assistant Ozzie Hutchins threatened to block a $14.5 million Bethany Hospital expansion unless they received $15,000 worth of remodelling in their ward office. Both <mask> and Hutchins were convicted of conspiracy and extortion on August 23, 1983. <mask> was sentenced to three years in the federal prison in Terre Haute, Indiana and was defeated in his next election in the 28th Ward by Ed Smith in a run-off in early 1983. Early career
<mask> and his brother were both Cook County deputy sheriffs. In 1985, a federal judge ordered <mask>, his two sons, and a fourth man to pay $152,000 in damages for a campaign of physical violence and intimidation organized by <mask>, from prison, against a political opponent, independent incumbent State Representative Arthur Turner of the far west side 17th District who had challenged <mask>' former assistant, Ozzie Hutchins.Turner's aides were threatened with guns and one aide suffered severe injuries to the side of his head and broken bones. Turner and his aides filed a civil lawsuit following their election defeat by Hutchins. U.S. District Judge Charles Kocoras said <mask> appeared to be the ringleader and "organized their acts of intimidation" by force, while his brother used his deputy's position to verbally threaten the plaintiffs. <mask> was ordered to pay $25,000 damages. Isacc <mask> worked for the Cook County Defender's Office. In 1989, he was hired as a Superintendent for the Department of Water. <mask> was hired as Director of Internal Audit for the Chicago Park District in 1993 and named Deputy Commissioner of Streets and Sanitation in 1997.Aldermanic career
Carothers was elected alderman in 1999 after defeating eight opponents, including the incumbent, Alderman Sam Burrell, in a February first round, and a ninth opponent, Floyd Thomas, in an April run-off. Carothers highlighted a new police station, a senior housing development, a movie theater, and new restaurants as some of his accomplishments. Carothers served on five committees: Committees, Rules and Ethics, Finance, Aviation, Special Events and Cultural Affairs Transportation and the Public Way. Just two years after being elected alderman, Carothers was appointed chairman of the city council's Police and Fire Committee. Carothers' name appeared more often than any other alderman's on a list of clouted job-seekers and their political sponsors unveiled by federal prosecutors in June 2006 during the trial of patronage chief Robert Sorich. In 2008, Carothers was one of seven Chicago aldermen who between them got ten of their children good-paying summer jobs with the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago. In 2008, Carothers paid a relative more than $30,000 from a taxpayer-funded payroll account available to aldermen without scrutiny."All of us (aldermen) have family members on the payroll," said Carothers, while declining to clarify if the William Carothers on his payroll was his father or his brother, both named William. Indictment, cooperation with FBI, conviction, and resignation
In 2007, Carothers accepted $11,000 in campaign contributions from a real-estate developer seeking zoning changes who was cooperating with the Federal Bureau of Investigations. In 2007, the office of the United States Attorney for the Northern District of Illinois Patrick Fitzgerald subpoenaed Carothers demanding documents including seven years worth of aldermanic expense records; 29th Ward zoning changes; ordinances introduced by Carothers, and correspondence between Carothers and the mayor's office regarding zoning changes. The subpoena further demanded information on comments made and votes taken by Carothers since January 2001 before two city council committees. Beginning in early 2008, and for more than a year, Carothers worked undercover with the FBI and secretly wore a wire. Carothers was a member of the city council's Aviation Committee, whose duties include approving contracts at the airports. Carothers rented space for his ward office from one of the companies of local businessman Wafeek "Wally" Aiyash.Carothers wore a hidden microphone and a video camera to secretly capture his meetings with Aiyash in June 2008. Aiyash gave Carothers $9,000, and offered a $100,000 bribe, Aiyash thought Carothers could help him open five restaurants in Chicago's two airports. The federal charges against Aiyash alleged that Aiyash had a corrupt relationship with Carothers before the alderman began cooperating with federal authorities. The US Attorney's office in Chicago indicted Carothers on federal corruption charges on May 28, 2009. Galewood Yards was a former rail-yard and industrial site in the 29th Ward on the city's west side, the largest undeveloped tract of land within city limits. Real-estate developer Calvin Boender sought to transform the site into a mixed-use residential and commercial project. Boender paid for approximately $40,000 in home improvements to Carothers' residence and provided him with meals and tickets to professional sporting events, which Carothers illegally accepted, in exchange for Carothers' official acts supporting successful zoning changes for the project.Carothers and Boender were indicted on federal fraud and bribery charges. Carothers was charged with four counts of wire or mail fraud and one count each of accepting a bribe and filing a false federal income tax return. The indictment also sought forfeiture of at least $40,000 from Carothers, representing the financial benefits he received in home improvements. Carothers also asked Boender to donate to the campaign of Carothers' aunt, Anita Rivkin-Carothers, who unsuccessfully ran for Congress in 2004, and Boender enlisted two others to give contributions on his behalf. Boender and his associates donated about $55,000 to Carothers, according to campaign-contribution records. On March 18, 2010, a federal jury convicted Boender on five counts including bribing Carothers for a zoning change. Carothers initially pleaded not guilty at his arraignment in federal court on Monday, June 8, 2009.A plea deal called for prosecutors to drop four wire and mail fraud charges. On February 1, 2010, Carothers pleaded guilty to one count of failing to report the home improvements on his income taxes and to one count of corruptly accepting items of value for supporting the zoning change for the Boender project. Carothers agreed to a 28-month prison term, continued cooperation with prosecutors, and $40,000 in restitution. Under state law, the guilty plea requires that Carothers' city council seat be vacated immediately, and hours after entering the plea, Carothers resigned from the city council in a letter to Mayor Richard M. Daley. Father William and son <mask> were convicted of almost the same crimes three decades apart, described as "...perhaps the most striking combination of aldermanic nepotism combined with Chicago-style corruption..." by the Chicago Tribune. William's was the eleventh, and <mask>'s, the 28th, conviction of a Chicago alderman since 1972. <mask> was released from prison in March 2012.Candidate for Cook County Board of Commissioners
<mask> announced his candidacy for the office of Commissioner on the Cook County Board at a meeting of the 37th Ward Democratic Organization. Carthers' candidacy is supported by Alderman Emma Mitts of the 37th Ward. On November 25, 2013, Carothers filed nominating petitions to get on the March 2014 primary ballot. Cook County Board President Toni Preckwinkle said she would not support Carother's candidacy. "It takes a special sort of chutzpah to run for public office after doing time for public corruption," the Chicago Tribune editorialized. Personal life
Alderman <mask> is married to his wife Sharron, and they have two sons, Sherman and Matthew. Carothers attends Original Providence Baptist Church on Chicago's west side.Carothers' aunt, Anita Rivkin-<mask>, is currently a judge on the Circuit Court of Cook County in the domestic violence court. As an attorney, Rivkin-Carothers represented white supremacist Matthew F. Hale before the Illinois Supreme Court, defended Gangster Disciples leader Larry Hoover in federal court, and represented Tina Olison in her custody battle with Alderman Edward M. Burke and his wife Anne over Olison's child "Baby T". In 2004 Rivkin-Carothers unsuccessfully challenged incumbent US Representative of the 7th Congressional District Danny K. Davis. References
External links
<mask>ers archive at the Chicago Reader
<mask> Carothers archive at the Huffington Post
Chicago City Council members
Living people
Illinois politicians convicted of crimes
African-American people in Illinois politics
Illinois Democrats
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century African-American people | [
"Isaac \"",
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"Isaac",
"Isaac",
"William Carothers",
"William Carothers",
"Isaac",
"William Carothers",
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"Isaac Carothers",
"Carothers",
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"Isaac Caroth",
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] | The 29th Ward is located on the far west side of the City of Chicago. He was first elected in 1999. He resigned after pleading guilty to federal corruption charges. Carothers grew up in Chicago and attended De La Salle High School. He received his Masters in Criminal Justice from Chicago State University. The father and grandfather of Carothers worked for the city. Ike Sims was a Department of Sewers employee, Illinois State Representative and 28th Ward committeeman.The Streets and Sanitation ward was headed by <mask>. In 1976, <mask> took over from his father-in-law, Ike Sims. Carothers and Hutchins threatened to block the expansion unless they received $15,000 worth of renovations in their ward office. On August 23, 1983, <mask> and Hutchins were found guilty of conspiracy and extortion. Ed Smith defeated <mask> in a run-off in early 1983 after he was sentenced to three years in the federal prison in Terre Haute, Indiana. Both of his brothers were Cook County deputy sheriffs. A federal judge ordered <mask>, his two sons, and a fourth man to pay over $150,000 in damages for a campaign of physical violence and intimidation against a political opponent.Turner's aides were threatened with guns and one suffered serious injuries to the side of his head. Turner and his aides were defeated in the election. District Judge Charles Kocoras said that the leader of the group appeared to be his brother, and that he organized their acts of intimidation by force. He was ordered to pay damages. Isacc was employed by the Cook County Defender's Office. He was hired by the Department of Water in 1989. In 1993 <mask> was hired as the Director of Internal Audit for the Chicago Park District and in 1997 he was named the deputy commissioner of Streets and Sanitation.In 1999, after defeating eight opponents, including the incumbent, Sam Burrell, in a February first round, and a ninth opponent, Floyd Thomas, in an April run-off, Carothers was elected alderman. A new police station, a senior housing development, a movie theater, and new restaurants were some of the accomplishments of Carothers. Carothers was a member of five committees: Committees, Rules and Ethics, Finance, Aviation, Special Events and Cultural Affairs. Two years after being elected to the city council, Carothers was appointed chairman of the Police and Fire Committee. The list of clouted job-seekers and their political sponsors was released by federal prosecutors in June 2006 during the trial of Robert Sorich. Ten of Carothers' children were given good-paying summer jobs with the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago. In 2008, Carothers paid a relative more than $30,000 from a taxpayer-funded payroll account."All of us (aldermen) have family members on the payroll," said Carothers, while declining to clarify if the William Carothers on his payroll was his father or his brother, both named William. In 2007, Carothers accepted $11,000 in campaign contributions from a real-estate developer who was cooperating with the Federal Bureau of Investigations. In 2007, the office of the United States Attorney for the Northern District of Illinois Patrick Fitzgerald subpoenaed Carothers demanding documents including seven years worth of aldermanic expense records. The information that was demanded by the subpoena was made known to the two city council committees. Carothers worked for more than a year with the FBI and wore a wire. The city council's Aviation Committee is responsible for approving contracts at the airports. One of the companies of Wafeek "Wally" Aiyash rented the space for Carothers' office.In June 2008, Carothers wore a hidden microphone and video camera to secretly capture his meetings with Aiyash. Aiyash thought Carothers could help him open five restaurants in Chicago's two airports and gave him a $100,000 bribe. Aiyash was accused of having a corrupt relationship with Carothers before he began cooperating with federal authorities. Carothers was indicted by the US Attorney's office in Chicago. The largest undeveloped tract of land in the city is located in the 29th Ward on the city's west side. Calvin Boender wanted to transform the site into a mixed-use project. Boender paid for home improvements to Carothers' residence and INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDealsThe two were indicted on federal fraud and bribery charges. Carothers was charged with four counts of wire or mail fraud, one count of accepting a bribe, and one count of filing a false federal income tax return. The financial benefits he received in home improvements were represented in the indictment. Boender was asked to give money to the campaign of Carothers' aunt, who ran for Congress in 2004, as well as two other people. According to campaign-contribution records, Boender and his associates donated tens of thousands of dollars. Boender was found guilty by a federal jury on March 18, 2010 of five counts. At his federal court appearance on Monday, June 8, 2009, Carothers initially pleaded not guilty.Four wire and mail fraud charges were dropped as part of a plea deal. Carothers pleaded guilty to one count of failing to report the home improvements on his income taxes and to one count of corruptly accepting items of value for supporting the Boender project. Carothers agreed to a prison term and continued cooperation with prosecutors. Carothers resigned from the city council hours after he entered the guilty plea under state law. The Chicago Tribune described the crimes of William and his son as "perhaps the most striking combination of aldermanic nepotism combined with Chicago-style corruption." The conviction of William's was the eleventh and the 28th since 1972. The man was released from prison in March of 2012At a meeting of the 37th Ward Democratic Organization, <mask> announced his candidacy for the office of Commissioner on the Cook County Board. Carthers' candidacy is supported by an elected official. Carothers filed petitions to get on the ballot. Preckwinkle said she wouldn't support Carother's candidacy. After doing time for public corruption, it takes a special sort of chutzpah to run for public office. His wife Sharron and their two sons, Sherman and Matthew, are his personal life. The Original Providence Baptist Church is on Chicago's west side.Carothers' aunt is a judge on the Circuit Court of Cook County. Rivkin- <mask> was an attorney and represented white supremacist Matthew F. Hale before the Illinois Supreme Court. Danny K. Davis was the incumbent US Representative of the 7th Congressional District. There are links at the Chicago Reader and the Huffington Post. | [
"William Carothers",
"William Carothers",
"William Carothers",
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"Carothers"
] |
31750092 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luc%C3%ADa%20Andrea%20Morett%20%C3%81lvarez | Lucía Andrea Morett Álvarez | Lucía Andrea Morett Álvarez (May 24, 1981) is one of three survivors of the bombing of Santa Rosa de Sucumbíos occurred on March 1, 2008 by the Colombian Air Force against the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), located in Ecuador, is currently wanted by Interpol for extradition to Colombia for an arrest warrant issued by the Municipal Criminal Court 32 of Bogota in Colombia.
The attack caused the death of guerrilla leader Raul Reyes, the FARC members and four Mexican students, leading to a regional diplomatic crisis around Colombia's violation of Ecuadorian territorial sovereignty.
The Labour Party nominated her as a candidate for Federal Deputy for the election of July 5, 2009 but she lost, therefore lost immunity.
Biography
Lucía Morett was 11 when she immigrated to Spain with her family where they lived for four years (1993 to 1996), until her father got a scholarship to pursue a doctorate from the University of Córdoba.
She traveled extensively with her sister and parents, mainly in Europe but also Africa and the Americas. She toured through Portugal, France, Morocco, Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland and Czech Republic as well as Cuba. Back went to Texcoco. She attended high school at the University of the State of Mexico.
She worked at the Faro de Oriente, in a theater workshop for children. Along with her sister Sonia Morett Alvarez, (a graduate who now works at the Institute of Engineering at UNAM), has supported actions to promote the release of the Cerezo Contreras brothers, members of the FZLN, identified by the Mexican government as members of subversive movements. In October 1998, Lucía Morett was arrested by Mexican authorities because the two intercepted and shouted slogans against former Mexican President Ernesto Zedillo at a public event, where he demanded the fulfillment of the San Andrés Accords. They were released by a judge fined qualifier Texcoco. On August 26, 2004, participated in the march to the Interior Ministry to protest the death of activist Noel González EZLN. Both are supporters of the EZLN and part of the "Other Campaign" in the Federal District.
Lucía studied dramatic literature and theater at the National University of México (UNAM). She finished her studies and fulfilled her social service requirement at the Mexican Radio Institute (IMER) gathering information for the National News System, that was later broadcast through Radio Antenna news. She has a certificate of speech.
Later, she started working to write her thesis project, "The theater of collective creation in Latin America: two cases, Cuba and Colombia."
Trip to Ecuador
In February 2008, Lucía Morett and four Mexican mates, traveled to Ecuador, where she visited the camp of Raúl Reyes on February 3 after she attended a congress of leftist Bolivarian groups where delegates from the FARC also attended and showed a video with a message from Raúl Reyes to those attending the congress, in Quito. Morett claimed that she had been in camp for academic porpuses. However, on February 9, 2009, Colonel Mario Pazmino, former director of military intelligence during Operation Phoenix Ecuador, showed images that belie the claims of Morett according to which her visits to the FARC were academic. According to Pazmino, Morett would have been to other camps in the FARC.
Santa Rosa de Sucumbios air raid
On March 1, 2008, Lucía Morett was sleeping on a FARC camp located in the town of Santa Rosa, Sucumbíos Province.
At midnight on Saturday was the Colombian Air Force aerial strike. Morett was located far from the epicenter of the attack, was wounded with shrapnel and bullets in her right buttock, leg, ankle and her shoulder.
The raid succeeded in killing Raúl Reyes, second-in-command of FARC, as well as some two dozen individuals present in the encampment, including the four Mexican fellow from Lucía Morett (Soren Ulises Avilés Ángeles, Fernando Franco Delgado, Juan González del Castillo and Verónica Natalia Velásquez Ramírez), invited to the camp after attending a Bolivarian congress in Quito.
Newspaper articles
Following the events, some newspapers published a number of complaints against Morett.
These newspapers are The Chronicle (a Mexican newspaper), according to a sheet alleged that broke the bicameral National Security Committee of Congress, Lucía Morett is part of the "Coordinadora Continental Bolivariana Chapter Mexico," which was confirmed by Isa Conde.
The paper notes that Morett was part of the "Mexican Movement of Solidarity with the People Fights Colombiano", whose headquarters were a cubicle next to a cafe in the Cerezo brothers, linked them with EPR.
Also, in the Mexican newspaper, El Siglo de Torreón reported that Morett and several Mexican youths were being trained by the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia on the site of the jungles of Ecuador that was bombed by Colombia.
Statements by the Colombian government
Colombian government representatives have made statements on Morett. The Colombian former vice-president Francisco Santos Calderón said that the FARC are training Chileans and Mexicans. The words said from Brussels, Belgium were: "Do not forget that we already find pictures of Raúl Reyes in Chilean and Mexican boys who were being trained so they could return to countries we do not know for what purpose" .
Statements from the Ecuadorian government
The government of Ecuador's President, Rafael Correa, said that Morett stay as a tourist injured by the bombing in Colombia. Although later when it became clear his involvement with the FARC leadership was asked to withhold for investigation. It was not because Lucía Morett had left the country in the direction of Nicaragua, invited by President Daniel Ortega for several months.
Return to Mexico
Morett returned to Mexico City on December 4, 2008 accompanied by the deputies of the PRD party, Isidro Pedraza Chávez, José Antonio Almazán González, Aleida Alavez Ruiz. The arrival was greeted by a crowd at the airport which sought to protect her from any arrest attempt by the General Attorney of the Republic.
On July 9, 2009 the Office of Colombia took steps to seek the extradition of Lucia Morett accusing her of being part of the International Committee of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia and to develop activities within the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), for the guerrilla group according to several files found in the computers of the guerrilla leader Raul Reyes.
The circular issued by the Interpol on July 3 on Morett said: "Warning: a person considered armed, dangerous and violent." Morett expected results of the July 5 in Mexico to know if she was elected federal deputy in Mexico's Federal Elections 2009, which would give immunity to avoid extradition to Colombia.6 But because the outcome of the July 5 not favored and 32 municipal criminal court of Bogotá called the arrest warrant, Interpol red card against reactivated Morett.
With her potential immunity lost and knowing that she was a fugitive from justice, Morret chose to hide. On March 2, 2010 Lucía's father, Jorge L. Morett, publicly declared that she was hidden someplace in Mexico trying to avoid arrest and extradition.
References
External links
UNAM Charter on Lucia Morett and Andean crisis
Lucía Morett to denounce international terrorism PGR
Interpol page
Colombia began proceedings to extradite Morett, Attorney accused of complicity in terrorist acts of the FARC
Living people
1981 births
People from Mexico City
Survivors of terrorist attacks | [
"Lucía Andrea Morett Álvarez (May 24, 1981) is one of three survivors of the bombing of Santa Rosa de Sucumbíos occurred on March 1, 2008 by the Colombian Air Force against the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), located in Ecuador, is currently wanted by Interpol for extradition to Colombia for an arrest warrant issued by the Municipal Criminal Court 32 of Bogota in Colombia.",
"The attack caused the death of guerrilla leader Raul Reyes, the FARC members and four Mexican students, leading to a regional diplomatic crisis around Colombia's violation of Ecuadorian territorial sovereignty.",
"The Labour Party nominated her as a candidate for Federal Deputy for the election of July 5, 2009 but she lost, therefore lost immunity.",
"Biography\n\nLucía Morett was 11 when she immigrated to Spain with her family where they lived for four years (1993 to 1996), until her father got a scholarship to pursue a doctorate from the University of Córdoba.",
"She traveled extensively with her sister and parents, mainly in Europe but also Africa and the Americas.",
"She toured through Portugal, France, Morocco, Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland and Czech Republic as well as Cuba.",
"Back went to Texcoco.",
"She attended high school at the University of the State of Mexico.",
"She worked at the Faro de Oriente, in a theater workshop for children.",
"Along with her sister Sonia Morett Alvarez, (a graduate who now works at the Institute of Engineering at UNAM), has supported actions to promote the release of the Cerezo Contreras brothers, members of the FZLN, identified by the Mexican government as members of subversive movements.",
"In October 1998, Lucía Morett was arrested by Mexican authorities because the two intercepted and shouted slogans against former Mexican President Ernesto Zedillo at a public event, where he demanded the fulfillment of the San Andrés Accords.",
"They were released by a judge fined qualifier Texcoco.",
"On August 26, 2004, participated in the march to the Interior Ministry to protest the death of activist Noel González EZLN.",
"Both are supporters of the EZLN and part of the \"Other Campaign\" in the Federal District.",
"Lucía studied dramatic literature and theater at the National University of México (UNAM).",
"She finished her studies and fulfilled her social service requirement at the Mexican Radio Institute (IMER) gathering information for the National News System, that was later broadcast through Radio Antenna news.",
"She has a certificate of speech.",
"Later, she started working to write her thesis project, \"The theater of collective creation in Latin America: two cases, Cuba and Colombia.\"",
"Trip to Ecuador\n\nIn February 2008, Lucía Morett and four Mexican mates, traveled to Ecuador, where she visited the camp of Raúl Reyes on February 3 after she attended a congress of leftist Bolivarian groups where delegates from the FARC also attended and showed a video with a message from Raúl Reyes to those attending the congress, in Quito.",
"Morett claimed that she had been in camp for academic porpuses.",
"However, on February 9, 2009, Colonel Mario Pazmino, former director of military intelligence during Operation Phoenix Ecuador, showed images that belie the claims of Morett according to which her visits to the FARC were academic.",
"According to Pazmino, Morett would have been to other camps in the FARC.",
"Santa Rosa de Sucumbios air raid\n\nOn March 1, 2008, Lucía Morett was sleeping on a FARC camp located in the town of Santa Rosa, Sucumbíos Province.",
"At midnight on Saturday was the Colombian Air Force aerial strike.",
"Morett was located far from the epicenter of the attack, was wounded with shrapnel and bullets in her right buttock, leg, ankle and her shoulder.",
"The raid succeeded in killing Raúl Reyes, second-in-command of FARC, as well as some two dozen individuals present in the encampment, including the four Mexican fellow from Lucía Morett (Soren Ulises Avilés Ángeles, Fernando Franco Delgado, Juan González del Castillo and Verónica Natalia Velásquez Ramírez), invited to the camp after attending a Bolivarian congress in Quito.",
"Newspaper articles\n\nFollowing the events, some newspapers published a number of complaints against Morett.",
"These newspapers are The Chronicle (a Mexican newspaper), according to a sheet alleged that broke the bicameral National Security Committee of Congress, Lucía Morett is part of the \"Coordinadora Continental Bolivariana Chapter Mexico,\" which was confirmed by Isa Conde.",
"The paper notes that Morett was part of the \"Mexican Movement of Solidarity with the People Fights Colombiano\", whose headquarters were a cubicle next to a cafe in the Cerezo brothers, linked them with EPR.",
"Also, in the Mexican newspaper, El Siglo de Torreón reported that Morett and several Mexican youths were being trained by the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia on the site of the jungles of Ecuador that was bombed by Colombia.",
"Statements by the Colombian government\n\nColombian government representatives have made statements on Morett.",
"The Colombian former vice-president Francisco Santos Calderón said that the FARC are training Chileans and Mexicans.",
"The words said from Brussels, Belgium were: \"Do not forget that we already find pictures of Raúl Reyes in Chilean and Mexican boys who were being trained so they could return to countries we do not know for what purpose\" .",
"Statements from the Ecuadorian government\n\nThe government of Ecuador's President, Rafael Correa, said that Morett stay as a tourist injured by the bombing in Colombia.",
"Although later when it became clear his involvement with the FARC leadership was asked to withhold for investigation.",
"It was not because Lucía Morett had left the country in the direction of Nicaragua, invited by President Daniel Ortega for several months.",
"Return to Mexico\n\nMorett returned to Mexico City on December 4, 2008 accompanied by the deputies of the PRD party, Isidro Pedraza Chávez, José Antonio Almazán González, Aleida Alavez Ruiz.",
"The arrival was greeted by a crowd at the airport which sought to protect her from any arrest attempt by the General Attorney of the Republic.",
"On July 9, 2009 the Office of Colombia took steps to seek the extradition of Lucia Morett accusing her of being part of the International Committee of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia and to develop activities within the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), for the guerrilla group according to several files found in the computers of the guerrilla leader Raul Reyes.",
"The circular issued by the Interpol on July 3 on Morett said: \"Warning: a person considered armed, dangerous and violent.\"",
"Morett expected results of the July 5 in Mexico to know if she was elected federal deputy in Mexico's Federal Elections 2009, which would give immunity to avoid extradition to Colombia.6 But because the outcome of the July 5 not favored and 32 municipal criminal court of Bogotá called the arrest warrant, Interpol red card against reactivated Morett.",
"With her potential immunity lost and knowing that she was a fugitive from justice, Morret chose to hide.",
"On March 2, 2010 Lucía's father, Jorge L. Morett, publicly declared that she was hidden someplace in Mexico trying to avoid arrest and extradition.",
"References\n\nExternal links\nUNAM Charter on Lucia Morett and Andean crisis\nLucía Morett to denounce international terrorism PGR\nInterpol page\nColombia began proceedings to extradite Morett, Attorney accused of complicity in terrorist acts of the FARC\n\nLiving people\n1981 births\nPeople from Mexico City\nSurvivors of terrorist attacks"
] | [
"The bombing of Santa Rosa de Sucumbos occurred on March 1, 2008 and Luca Morett lvarez is one of the three survivors.",
"The death of the guerrilla leader and four Mexican students caused a diplomatic crisis in the region.",
"She lost her immunity as a result of being nominated by the Labour Party as a candidate for Federal Deputy.",
"Luca Morett moved to Spain with her family in 1993 and lived there for four years before her father got a scholarship to the University of Crdoba.",
"She traveled extensively with her family, mostly in Europe but also Africa and the Americas.",
"She traveled through Portugal, France, Morocco, Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland and Czech Republic.",
"Returned to Texcoco.",
"She attended high school in Mexico.",
"She worked in a theater workshop for children.",
"A graduate of the Institute of Engineering at UNAM and her sister, have supported actions to promote the release of the Cerezo Contreras brothers.",
"Luca Morett was arrested by Mexican authorities in October 1998 because she and another person shouted slogans against the former Mexican President at a public event.",
"They were fined and released by a judge.",
"On August 26, 2004, a group of people marched to the Interior Ministry to protest the death of Noel Gonzlez.",
"The \"Other Campaign\" in the Federal District is supported by both of them.",
"Luca studied dramatic literature and theater at the UNAM.",
"She fulfilled her social service requirement by completing her studies and working at the Mexican Radio Institute, gathering information for the National News System.",
"She received a certificate of speech.",
"She was working on a thesis about the theater of collective creation in Latin America.",
"In February 2008, Luca Morett and four Mexican mates traveled to Ecuador, where she visited the camp of Ral Reyes and showed a video with a message from delegates from the FARC.",
"Morett claimed that she was in camp for porpuses.",
"On February 9, 2009, Colonel Mario Pazmino, a former director of military intelligence, showed images that were different from what Morett had claimed.",
"According to Pazmino, Morett would have been in other camps.",
"On March 1, 2008, Luca Morett was sleeping on a FARC camp located in the town of Santa Rosa, Sucumbos Province.",
"The Colombian Air Force launched an aerial strike at midnight on Saturday.",
"Morett was wounded in the attack and was located far from the epicenter.",
"The raid succeeded in killing Ral Reyes, second-in-command of FARC, as well as some two dozen individuals present in the encampment, including the four Mexican fellow from Luca Morett.",
"Some newspapers published complaints against Morett.",
"The Chronicle is a Mexican newspaper and Luca Morett is part of the \"coordinadora Continental Bolivariana Chapter Mexico,\" according to a sheet alleged that broke the bicameral National Security Committee of Congress.",
"The Mexican Movement of Solidarity with the People Fights Colombiano was linked to the EPR by a cubicle next to a cafe in the Cerezo brothers.",
"According to the Mexican newspaper El Siglo de Torren, Morett and several Mexican youths were training at the site of the jungles of Ecuador that was bombed by Colombia.",
"Morett has been made statements by the Colombian government.",
"The former vice-president said that the rebels are training people.",
"\"Do not forget that we already find pictures of Ral Reyes in Chilean and Mexican boys who were being trained so they could return to countries we do not know for what purpose\" said the words from Belgium.",
"Morett will stay as a tourist, according to the statements from the government.",
"When it became clear that he was involved with the leadership of the FARC, he was asked to not speak about it.",
"It wasn't because Luca Morett left the country in order to go to Nicaragua.",
"Return to Mexico Morett arrived in Mexico City on December 4, 2008 with the help of the PRD party.",
"A crowd of people gathered at the airport to protect her from an arrest attempt by the General Attorney of the Republic.",
"According to several files found, on July 9, 2009, the Office of Colombia took steps to seek the extradition of Lucia Morett, accusing her of being part of the International Committee of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia and to develop activities within the National Autonomous University of Mexico.",
"A person is considered armed, dangerous and violent according to a circular issued by the international police organization.",
"Morett expected the results of the July 5 in Mexico to know if she was elected federal deputy in Mexico's Federal Elections 2009, which would give her immunity to avoid being extradited to Bogot.",
"Morret had lost her immunity and was a fugitive from justice.",
"On March 2, 2010, Luca's father publicly declared that she was hiding in Mexico to avoid being arrested and extradited.",
"There are External links to the UNAM Charter on Lucia Morett and the Andean crisis."
] | <mask> (May 24, 1981) is one of three survivors of the bombing of Santa Rosa de Sucumbíos occurred on March 1, 2008 by the Colombian Air Force against the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), located in Ecuador, is currently wanted by Interpol for extradition to Colombia for an arrest warrant issued by the Municipal Criminal Court 32 of Bogota in Colombia. The attack caused the death of guerrilla leader Raul Reyes, the FARC members and four Mexican students, leading to a regional diplomatic crisis around Colombia's violation of Ecuadorian territorial sovereignty. The Labour Party nominated her as a candidate for Federal Deputy for the election of July 5, 2009 but she lost, therefore lost immunity. Biography
<mask> was 11 when she immigrated to Spain with her family where they lived for four years (1993 to 1996), until her father got a scholarship to pursue a doctorate from the University of Córdoba. She traveled extensively with her sister and parents, mainly in Europe but also Africa and the Americas. She toured through Portugal, France, Morocco, Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland and Czech Republic as well as Cuba. Back went to Texcoco.She attended high school at the University of the State of Mexico. She worked at the Faro de Oriente, in a theater workshop for children. Along with her sister <mask> Alvarez, (a graduate who now works at the Institute of Engineering at UNAM), has supported actions to promote the release of the Cerezo Contreras brothers, members of the FZLN, identified by the Mexican government as members of subversive movements. In October 1998, <mask> <mask> was arrested by Mexican authorities because the two intercepted and shouted slogans against former Mexican President Ernesto Zedillo at a public event, where he demanded the fulfillment of the San Andrés Accords. They were released by a judge fined qualifier Texcoco. On August 26, 2004, participated in the march to the Interior Ministry to protest the death of activist Noel González EZLN. Both are supporters of the EZLN and part of the "Other Campaign" in the Federal District.Lucía studied dramatic literature and theater at the National University of México (UNAM). She finished her studies and fulfilled her social service requirement at the Mexican Radio Institute (IMER) gathering information for the National News System, that was later broadcast through Radio Antenna news. She has a certificate of speech. Later, she started working to write her thesis project, "The theater of collective creation in Latin America: two cases, Cuba and Colombia." Trip to Ecuador
In February 2008, <mask> <mask> and four Mexican mates, traveled to Ecuador, where she visited the camp of Raúl Reyes on February 3 after she attended a congress of leftist Bolivarian groups where delegates from the FARC also attended and showed a video with a message from Raúl Reyes to those attending the congress, in Quito. Morett claimed that she had been in camp for academic porpuses. However, on February 9, 2009, Colonel Mario Pazmino, former director of military intelligence during Operation Phoenix Ecuador, showed images that belie the claims of Morett according to which her visits to the FARC were academic.According to Pazmino, Morett would have been to other camps in the FARC. Santa Rosa de Sucumbios air raid
On March 1, 2008, <mask> Morett was sleeping on a FARC camp located in the town of Santa Rosa, Sucumbíos Province. At midnight on Saturday was the Colombian Air Force aerial strike. Morett was located far from the epicenter of the attack, was wounded with shrapnel and bullets in her right buttock, leg, ankle and her shoulder. The raid succeeded in killing Raúl Reyes, second-in-command of FARC, as well as some two dozen individuals present in the encampment, including the four Mexican fellow from <mask> <mask> (Soren Ulises Avilés Ángeles, Fernando Franco Delgado, Juan González del Castillo and Verónica Natalia Velásquez Ramírez), invited to the camp after attending a Bolivarian congress in Quito. Newspaper articles
Following the events, some newspapers published a number of complaints against Morett. These newspapers are The Chronicle (a Mexican newspaper), according to a sheet alleged that broke the bicameral National Security Committee of Congress, <mask> Morett is part of the "Coordinadora Continental Bolivariana Chapter Mexico," which was confirmed by Isa Conde.The paper notes that Morett was part of the "Mexican Movement of Solidarity with the People Fights Colombiano", whose headquarters were a cubicle next to a cafe in the Cerezo brothers, linked them with EPR. Also, in the Mexican newspaper, El Siglo de Torreón reported that <mask> and several Mexican youths were being trained by the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia on the site of the jungles of Ecuador that was bombed by Colombia. Statements by the Colombian government
Colombian government representatives have made statements on Morett. The Colombian former vice-president Francisco Santos Calderón said that the FARC are training Chileans and Mexicans. The words said from Brussels, Belgium were: "Do not forget that we already find pictures of Raúl Reyes in Chilean and Mexican boys who were being trained so they could return to countries we do not know for what purpose" . Statements from the Ecuadorian government
The government of Ecuador's President, Rafael Correa, said that Morett stay as a tourist injured by the bombing in Colombia. Although later when it became clear his involvement with the FARC leadership was asked to withhold for investigation.It was not because <mask> Morett had left the country in the direction of Nicaragua, invited by President Daniel Ortega for several months. Return to Mexico
Morett returned to Mexico City on December 4, 2008 accompanied by the deputies of the PRD party, Isidro Pedraza Chávez, José Antonio Almazán González, Aleida Alavez Ruiz. The arrival was greeted by a crowd at the airport which sought to protect her from any arrest attempt by the General Attorney of the Republic. On July 9, 2009 the Office of Colombia took steps to seek the extradition of Lucia Morett accusing her of being part of the International Committee of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia and to develop activities within the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), for the guerrilla group according to several files found in the computers of the guerrilla leader Raul Reyes. The circular issued by the Interpol on July 3 on Morett said: "Warning: a person considered armed, dangerous and violent." Morett expected results of the July 5 in Mexico to know if she was elected federal deputy in Mexico's Federal Elections 2009, which would give immunity to avoid extradition to Colombia.6 But because the outcome of the July 5 not favored and 32 municipal criminal court of Bogotá called the arrest warrant, Interpol red card against reactivated Morett. With her potential immunity lost and knowing that she was a fugitive from justice, Morret chose to hide.On March 2, 2010 <mask>'s father, Jorge L<mask>, publicly declared that she was hidden someplace in Mexico trying to avoid arrest and extradition. References
External links
UNAM Charter on <mask> and Andean crisis
<mask> Morett to denounce international terrorism PGR
Interpol page
Colombia began proceedings to extradite <mask>, Attorney accused of complicity in terrorist acts of the FARC
Living people
1981 births
People from Mexico City
Survivors of terrorist attacks | [
"Lucía Andrea Morett Álvarez",
"Lucía Morett",
"Sonia Morett",
"Lucía",
"Morett",
"Lucía",
"Morett",
"Lucía",
"Lucía",
"Morett",
"Lucía",
"Morett",
"Lucía",
"Lucía",
". Morett",
"Lucia Morett",
"Lucía",
"Morett"
] | The bombing of Santa Rosa de Sucumbos occurred on March 1, 2008 and <mask> lvarez is one of the three survivors. The death of the guerrilla leader and four Mexican students caused a diplomatic crisis in the region. She lost her immunity as a result of being nominated by the Labour Party as a candidate for Federal Deputy. <mask> moved to Spain with her family in 1993 and lived there for four years before her father got a scholarship to the University of Crdoba. She traveled extensively with her family, mostly in Europe but also Africa and the Americas. She traveled through Portugal, France, Morocco, Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland and Czech Republic. Returned to Texcoco.She attended high school in Mexico. She worked in a theater workshop for children. A graduate of the Institute of Engineering at UNAM and her sister, have supported actions to promote the release of the Cerezo Contreras brothers. <mask> was arrested by Mexican authorities in October 1998 because she and another person shouted slogans against the former Mexican President at a public event. They were fined and released by a judge. On August 26, 2004, a group of people marched to the Interior Ministry to protest the death of Noel Gonzlez. The "Other Campaign" in the Federal District is supported by both of them.Luca studied dramatic literature and theater at the UNAM. She fulfilled her social service requirement by completing her studies and working at the Mexican Radio Institute, gathering information for the National News System. She received a certificate of speech. She was working on a thesis about the theater of collective creation in Latin America. In February 2008, <mask> and four Mexican mates traveled to Ecuador, where she visited the camp of Ral Reyes and showed a video with a message from delegates from the FARC. Morett claimed that she was in camp for porpuses. On February 9, 2009, Colonel Mario Pazmino, a former director of military intelligence, showed images that were different from what Morett had claimed.According to Pazmino, Morett would have been in other camps. On March 1, 2008, Luca Morett was sleeping on a FARC camp located in the town of Santa Rosa, Sucumbos Province. The Colombian Air Force launched an aerial strike at midnight on Saturday. Morett was wounded in the attack and was located far from the epicenter. The raid succeeded in killing Ral Reyes, second-in-command of FARC, as well as some two dozen individuals present in the encampment, including the four Mexican fellow from Luca Morett. Some newspapers published complaints against Morett. The Chronicle is a Mexican newspaper and Luca Morett is part of the "coordinadora Continental Bolivariana Chapter Mexico," according to a sheet alleged that broke the bicameral National Security Committee of Congress.The Mexican Movement of Solidarity with the People Fights Colombiano was linked to the EPR by a cubicle next to a cafe in the Cerezo brothers. According to the Mexican newspaper El Siglo de Torren, <mask> and several Mexican youths were training at the site of the jungles of Ecuador that was bombed by Colombia. Morett has been made statements by the Colombian government. The former vice-president said that the rebels are training people. "Do not forget that we already find pictures of Ral Reyes in Chilean and Mexican boys who were being trained so they could return to countries we do not know for what purpose" said the words from Belgium. Morett will stay as a tourist, according to the statements from the government. When it became clear that he was involved with the leadership of the FARC, he was asked to not speak about it.It wasn't because Luca Morett left the country in order to go to Nicaragua. Return to Mexico Morett arrived in Mexico City on December 4, 2008 with the help of the PRD party. A crowd of people gathered at the airport to protect her from an arrest attempt by the General Attorney of the Republic. According to several files found, on July 9, 2009, the Office of Colombia took steps to seek the extradition of <mask>, accusing her of being part of the International Committee of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia and to develop activities within the National Autonomous University of Mexico. A person is considered armed, dangerous and violent according to a circular issued by the international police organization. Morett expected the results of the July 5 in Mexico to know if she was elected federal deputy in Mexico's Federal Elections 2009, which would give her immunity to avoid being extradited to Bogot. Morret had lost her immunity and was a fugitive from justice.On March 2, 2010, Luca's father publicly declared that she was hiding in Mexico to avoid being arrested and extradited. There are External links to the UNAM Charter on Lucia Morett and the Andean crisis. | [
"Luca Morett",
"Luca Morett",
"Luca Morett",
"Luca Morett",
"Morett",
"Lucia Morett"
] |
1925562 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy%20Jack%20Haynes | Billy Jack Haynes | William Albert Haynes III (born July 10, 1953) is a retired American professional wrestler better known as Billy Jack Haynes.
Professional wrestling career
Early career (1982–1984)
Haynes started wrestling in 1982 at the age of 28. He trained in Stu Hart's Dungeon pro wrestling school and briefly wrestled in Hart's Stampede Wrestling under his given name, forming a tag team with Bruce Hart. He started wrestling as Billy Jack in the Pacific Northwest territory but had to change his name when Tom Laughlin (who starred in the movie Billy Jack) threatened to sue him. He added his real last name to the gimmick and continued to work as a babyface. It is rumored that Haynes served time for manslaughter before becoming a pro wrestler.
Championship Wrestling from Florida and Pacific Northwest Wrestling (1984–1986)
He feuded heavily with Rip Oliver until 1984, when he had a run in Championship Wrestling from Florida where he feuded with Kendo Nagasaki for the NWA Florida Heavyweight Championship winning the title from him. They then had a brief run in World Class Championship Wrestling in 1985, managed by Sunshine. Due to internal conflict between Fritz Von Erich and Billy, he was written out of the organization, jobbing to Rip Oliver in a storyline where Rip bloodies and injured Billy. He rarely stayed put in any federation that he went to. During that time he faced off against the debuting Shawn Michaels. He started splitting his time between Portland Wrestling and CWF and wrestled with partner Wahoo McDaniel and won the NWA Florida United States Tag Team Championship and in Jim Crockett Promotions where they feuded with Ole and Arn Anderson. He had just begun a feud with The Barbarian over who was the strongest man in the territory when he abruptly left the company after a confrontation with Jim Crockett in his office which became physical.
World Wrestling Federation (1986–1988)
In 1986, Haynes went to the World Wrestling Federation and feuded with Randy Savage over the Intercontinental Championship and then with Hercules Hernandez over who was stronger, more muscular, and who had a better version of the full nelson (their mutual finishing maneuver). Their feud in the WWF peaked with what was dubbed "The Battle of the Full Nelsons" at WrestleMania III, where the two men battled to a double count-out. After the bell, Hercules' manager Bobby Heenan kneed Haynes in the back while he had Hercules in a full nelson out on the floor. Haynes chased Heenan into the ring where Hercules blindsided him with his trademark chain, hitting Haynes multiple times and (Kayfabe) cutting his forehead (in reality, Haynes had bladed himself with a small razor hidden in the tapes around his wrists after the first hit. He was actually seen on camera taking the razor out of his wrist tapes while chasing Heenan around the ring).
In the months to follow, the two had a series of "chain matches," where they were attached at the wrist by a foot long chain which could also be used as a weapon during the match. Haynes later teamed with fellow Oregon native Ken Patera who had returned to the WWF. Haynes saved Patera from a beating at the hands of Hercules and Harley Race after Patera's return match. The pair would later feud with Demolition after a television match where Demolition left Haynes, Patera, and Brady Boone (who played Haynes' cousin) beaten and lying in the ring. Haynes' departure from the WWF in January 1988 has been a subject of controversy considering dramatic changes in the story as Haynes repeated it. In one version, he says he quit the WWF after refusing to do a job in his hometown of Portland, Oregon. Another account of the same incident reported that he actually wrestled the match with the finish reworked and then was fired afterwards.
Later career (1988–1996)
Haynes returned to Oregon in 1988 and wrestled in their independents, including forming his own promotion, Oregon Wrestling Federation. In the summer of 1989, he returned to Portland and immediately feuded with The Grappler. By the end of the year, he would form an alliance with former rival Rip Oliver and his son Larry. On April 14, 1990, he turned on the Olivers during a match with The Grappler, The Equalizer, and Brian Adams, turning heel for the first time in his career. As a heel, he feuded with the Olivers, Scott Norton, and Scotty the Body. In October 1990, he did several shows for Herb Abrams' Universal Wrestling Federation, where they built up another strongman feud between Haynes and Ken Patera. In May 1991, Haynes returned to the major promotions when he appeared under a mask in World Championship Wrestling as Black Blood in Kevin Sullivan's stable. Soon after The Great American Bash, he was fired in July 1991, due to a pay dispute. At the time he was fired, he suffered a severe knee injury. Instead of recuperating, he went back to Portland, where he feuded with top babyface Steve Doll and Demolition Crush. After PNW shut down in 1992, Haynes took time off to recover from his knee injury he suffered in WCW, which took eighteen months to fully recover from. His first matches back was in June 1994, where he wrestled shows that were co-promoted by PNW's successor Championship Wrestling USA and Mexico's Asistencia Asesoría y Administración in Vancouver, Washington. He showed up next in the United States Wrestling Association in 1995 and retired in early 1996.
Personal life
On March 16, 2013, Haynes was hospitalized because he was suffering from an aortic aneurysm, and liver and kidney issues.
In October 2014, the Portland Tribune reported that Haynes filed a lawsuit in federal court against WWE, alleging "egregious mistreatment of its wrestlers for its own benefit, as well as its concealment and denial of medical research and evidence concerning traumatic brain injuries suffered by WWE wrestlers." This litigation was taken after research into chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), which was attributed to causing the deaths of Chris Benoit in 2007 and Andrew Martin in 2009. Haynes also sought for the court to grant class action status for hundreds of former wrestlers and to force WWE to establish a medical trust fund to pay for wrestlers who suffer from injuries that took place in a WWE ring. Former WWE stars Vito Lograsso and Adam Mercer filed a class action lawsuit against WWE in January 2015 while being represented by the same lawyer as Haynes, Konstantine Kyros. In March 2016, the suit was dismissed by Judge Vanessa Lynne Bryant. At the time of dismissal, dozens of former WWE wrestlers had joined a class action lawsuit under Kyros's counsel.
Championships and accomplishments
Championship Wrestling from Florida
NWA Florida Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
NWA United States Tag Team Championship (Florida version) (1 time) - with Wahoo McDaniel
Oregon Wrestling Federation
OWF Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
Pacific Northwest Wrestling
NWA Pacific Northwest Heavyweight Championship (5 times)
NWA Pacific Northwest Tag Team Championship (3 times) - with Stan Stasiak (2) and Ricky Vaughn (1)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI Most Improved Wrestler of the Year (1984)
PWI ranked him #143 of the top 500 singles wrestlers of the "PWI Years" in 2003
United States Wrestling Association
USWA Southern Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
World Class Championship Wrestling
WCCW Television Championship (1 time)
References
1953 births
American male professional wrestlers
Living people
Professional wrestlers from Oregon
Professional wrestling promoters
Stampede Wrestling alumni | [
"William Albert Haynes III (born July 10, 1953) is a retired American professional wrestler better known as Billy Jack Haynes.",
"Professional wrestling career\n\nEarly career (1982–1984)\nHaynes started wrestling in 1982 at the age of 28.",
"He trained in Stu Hart's Dungeon pro wrestling school and briefly wrestled in Hart's Stampede Wrestling under his given name, forming a tag team with Bruce Hart.",
"He started wrestling as Billy Jack in the Pacific Northwest territory but had to change his name when Tom Laughlin (who starred in the movie Billy Jack) threatened to sue him.",
"He added his real last name to the gimmick and continued to work as a babyface.",
"It is rumored that Haynes served time for manslaughter before becoming a pro wrestler.",
"Championship Wrestling from Florida and Pacific Northwest Wrestling (1984–1986)\nHe feuded heavily with Rip Oliver until 1984, when he had a run in Championship Wrestling from Florida where he feuded with Kendo Nagasaki for the NWA Florida Heavyweight Championship winning the title from him.",
"They then had a brief run in World Class Championship Wrestling in 1985, managed by Sunshine.",
"Due to internal conflict between Fritz Von Erich and Billy, he was written out of the organization, jobbing to Rip Oliver in a storyline where Rip bloodies and injured Billy.",
"He rarely stayed put in any federation that he went to.",
"During that time he faced off against the debuting Shawn Michaels.",
"He started splitting his time between Portland Wrestling and CWF and wrestled with partner Wahoo McDaniel and won the NWA Florida United States Tag Team Championship and in Jim Crockett Promotions where they feuded with Ole and Arn Anderson.",
"He had just begun a feud with The Barbarian over who was the strongest man in the territory when he abruptly left the company after a confrontation with Jim Crockett in his office which became physical.",
"World Wrestling Federation (1986–1988)\nIn 1986, Haynes went to the World Wrestling Federation and feuded with Randy Savage over the Intercontinental Championship and then with Hercules Hernandez over who was stronger, more muscular, and who had a better version of the full nelson (their mutual finishing maneuver).",
"Their feud in the WWF peaked with what was dubbed \"The Battle of the Full Nelsons\" at WrestleMania III, where the two men battled to a double count-out.",
"After the bell, Hercules' manager Bobby Heenan kneed Haynes in the back while he had Hercules in a full nelson out on the floor.",
"Haynes chased Heenan into the ring where Hercules blindsided him with his trademark chain, hitting Haynes multiple times and (Kayfabe) cutting his forehead (in reality, Haynes had bladed himself with a small razor hidden in the tapes around his wrists after the first hit.",
"He was actually seen on camera taking the razor out of his wrist tapes while chasing Heenan around the ring).",
"In the months to follow, the two had a series of \"chain matches,\" where they were attached at the wrist by a foot long chain which could also be used as a weapon during the match.",
"Haynes later teamed with fellow Oregon native Ken Patera who had returned to the WWF.",
"Haynes saved Patera from a beating at the hands of Hercules and Harley Race after Patera's return match.",
"The pair would later feud with Demolition after a television match where Demolition left Haynes, Patera, and Brady Boone (who played Haynes' cousin) beaten and lying in the ring.",
"Haynes' departure from the WWF in January 1988 has been a subject of controversy considering dramatic changes in the story as Haynes repeated it.",
"In one version, he says he quit the WWF after refusing to do a job in his hometown of Portland, Oregon.",
"Another account of the same incident reported that he actually wrestled the match with the finish reworked and then was fired afterwards.",
"Later career (1988–1996)\nHaynes returned to Oregon in 1988 and wrestled in their independents, including forming his own promotion, Oregon Wrestling Federation.",
"In the summer of 1989, he returned to Portland and immediately feuded with The Grappler.",
"By the end of the year, he would form an alliance with former rival Rip Oliver and his son Larry.",
"On April 14, 1990, he turned on the Olivers during a match with The Grappler, The Equalizer, and Brian Adams, turning heel for the first time in his career.",
"As a heel, he feuded with the Olivers, Scott Norton, and Scotty the Body.",
"In October 1990, he did several shows for Herb Abrams' Universal Wrestling Federation, where they built up another strongman feud between Haynes and Ken Patera.",
"In May 1991, Haynes returned to the major promotions when he appeared under a mask in World Championship Wrestling as Black Blood in Kevin Sullivan's stable.",
"Soon after The Great American Bash, he was fired in July 1991, due to a pay dispute.",
"At the time he was fired, he suffered a severe knee injury.",
"Instead of recuperating, he went back to Portland, where he feuded with top babyface Steve Doll and Demolition Crush.",
"After PNW shut down in 1992, Haynes took time off to recover from his knee injury he suffered in WCW, which took eighteen months to fully recover from.",
"His first matches back was in June 1994, where he wrestled shows that were co-promoted by PNW's successor Championship Wrestling USA and Mexico's Asistencia Asesoría y Administración in Vancouver, Washington.",
"He showed up next in the United States Wrestling Association in 1995 and retired in early 1996.",
"Personal life\nOn March 16, 2013, Haynes was hospitalized because he was suffering from an aortic aneurysm, and liver and kidney issues.",
"In October 2014, the Portland Tribune reported that Haynes filed a lawsuit in federal court against WWE, alleging \"egregious mistreatment of its wrestlers for its own benefit, as well as its concealment and denial of medical research and evidence concerning traumatic brain injuries suffered by WWE wrestlers.\"",
"This litigation was taken after research into chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), which was attributed to causing the deaths of Chris Benoit in 2007 and Andrew Martin in 2009.",
"Haynes also sought for the court to grant class action status for hundreds of former wrestlers and to force WWE to establish a medical trust fund to pay for wrestlers who suffer from injuries that took place in a WWE ring.",
"Former WWE stars Vito Lograsso and Adam Mercer filed a class action lawsuit against WWE in January 2015 while being represented by the same lawyer as Haynes, Konstantine Kyros.",
"In March 2016, the suit was dismissed by Judge Vanessa Lynne Bryant.",
"At the time of dismissal, dozens of former WWE wrestlers had joined a class action lawsuit under Kyros's counsel.",
"Championships and accomplishments\nChampionship Wrestling from Florida\n NWA Florida Heavyweight Championship (1 time)\n NWA United States Tag Team Championship (Florida version) (1 time) - with Wahoo McDaniel\nOregon Wrestling Federation\nOWF Heavyweight Championship (2 times)\nPacific Northwest Wrestling\n NWA Pacific Northwest Heavyweight Championship (5 times)\n NWA Pacific Northwest Tag Team Championship (3 times) - with Stan Stasiak (2) and Ricky Vaughn (1)\nPro Wrestling Illustrated\nPWI Most Improved Wrestler of the Year (1984)\nPWI ranked him #143 of the top 500 singles wrestlers of the \"PWI Years\" in 2003\nUnited States Wrestling Association\n USWA Southern Heavyweight Championship (2 times)\nWorld Class Championship Wrestling\nWCCW Television Championship (1 time)\n\nReferences\n\n1953 births\nAmerican male professional wrestlers\nLiving people\nProfessional wrestlers from Oregon\nProfessional wrestling promoters\nStampede Wrestling alumni"
] | [
"Billy Jack Haynes is a retired American professional wrestler.",
"Haynes started wrestling at the age of 28.",
"He briefly wrestled in Hart's Stampede Wrestling under his given name and formed a tag team with Bruce Hart.",
"He changed his name to Billy Jack after Tom Laughlin, who starred in the movie Billy Jack, threatened to take him to court.",
"He continued to work as a babyface after changing his last name.",
"Haynes served time for manslaughter before becoming a pro wrestler.",
"He had a run in Championship Wrestling from Florida where he feuded with Rip Oliver until 1984, when he won the title from him.",
"They had a brief run in World Class Championship Wrestling.",
"He was written out of the organization due to the internal conflict between Billy and Rip Oliver.",
"He didn't stay in any federation that he went to.",
"He faced off against Shawn Michaels.",
"He won the NWA Florida United States Tag Team Championship when he split his time between CWF and Portland Wrestling.",
"He had just begun a feud with The Barbarian over who was the strongest man in the territory when he left the company after a fight in his office.",
"Haynes went to the World Wrestling Federation in 1986 and feuded with Randy Savage over who was stronger, more muscular, and who had a better version of the full nelson.",
"The two men battled to a double count-out during the Battle of the Full Nelsons in the WWF.",
"After the bell, Bobby Heenan kneed Haynes in the back and had Hercules on the floor.",
"Haynes bladed himself with a small razor hidden in the tapes around his wrists after he was hit multiple times by Hercules in the ring.",
"He was seen on camera taking the razor out of his wrist tapes while chasing Heenan.",
"In the months to follow, the two had a series of \"chain matches,\" where they were attached at the wrist by a foot long chain which could also be used as a weapon during the match.",
"Haynes and Ken Patera were both natives of Oregon.",
"After Patera's return match, Haynes saved him from being defeated by Hercules and Harley Race.",
"Haynes, Patera, and Brady Boone were beaten and lying in the ring by Demolition after a television match.",
"Haynes' departure from the WWF in January 1988 has been a subject of controversy because of dramatic changes in the story as Haynes repeated it.",
"He says he quit the WWF because he wouldn't do a job in his hometown.",
"He was fired after he wrestled the match with the reworked finish.",
"Haynes formed his own promotion, the Oregon Wrestling Federation, after returning to Oregon in 1988.",
"He feuded with The Grappler in the summer of 1989.",
"He formed an alliance with Rip Oliver and his son at the end of the year.",
"He turned on the Olivers for the first time in his career during a match with The Grappler, The Equalizer, and Brian Adams.",
"He feuded with many people, including the Olivers.",
"In October 1990 he did several shows for the Universal Wrestling Federation, where they built a strongman feud between Haynes and Ken Patera.",
"In May 1991, Haynes returned to the major promotions when he appeared under a mask in World Championship Wrestling as Black Blood.",
"He was fired in July 1991 due to a pay dispute.",
"He had a serious knee injury when he was fired.",
"He went back to Portland to fight with Steve Doll and Demolition Crush.",
"When PNW shut down in 1992, Haynes took time off to recover from his knee injury, which took eighteen months to fully recover from.",
"In June 1994, he wrestled shows that were co-promoted by Championship Wrestling USA and Mexico's Asistencia Asesora y Administracin.",
"He retired from the United States Wrestling Association in 1996.",
"Haynes was hospitalized in March of last year due to a variety of health issues.",
"In October of 2014, the Portland Tribune reported that Haynes filed a lawsuit in federal court against World Wrestling Entertainment, accusing it of \"egregious mistreatment of its wrestlers for its own benefit, as well as its concealment and denial of medical research and evidence concerning traumatic brain injuries suffered by WWE wrestlers.\"",
"The deaths of Chris Benoit and Andrew Martin were blamed on chronic traumatic encephalopathy.",
"Haynes wanted the court to grant class action status for hundreds of former wrestlers and to force the WWE to establish a medical trust fund to pay for wrestlers who suffer from injuries that took place in a WWE ring.",
"While being represented by the same lawyer as Haynes, the former wrestlers filed a class action lawsuit against the company.",
"The suit was dismissed by a judge.",
"Dozens of former wrestlers joined a class action lawsuit under Kyros's counsel.",
"Championship Wrestling from Florida NWA Florida Heavyweight Championship (1 time) NWA United States Tag Team Championship (Florida version) (1 time) Pacific Northwest Wrestling NWA Pacific Northwest Heavyweight Championship (5 times)"
] | <mask> (born July 10, 1953) is a retired American professional wrestler better known as <mask>. Professional wrestling career
Early career (1982–1984)
<mask> started wrestling in 1982 at the age of 28. He trained in Stu Hart's Dungeon pro wrestling school and briefly wrestled in Hart's Stampede Wrestling under his given name, forming a tag team with Bruce Hart. He started wrestling as <mask> in the Pacific Northwest territory but had to change his name when Tom Laughlin (who starred in the movie Billy <mask>) threatened to sue him. He added his real last name to the gimmick and continued to work as a babyface. It is rumored that <mask> served time for manslaughter before becoming a pro wrestler. Championship Wrestling from Florida and Pacific Northwest Wrestling (1984–1986)
He feuded heavily with Rip Oliver until 1984, when he had a run in Championship Wrestling from Florida where he feuded with Kendo Nagasaki for the NWA Florida Heavyweight Championship winning the title from him.They then had a brief run in World Class Championship Wrestling in 1985, managed by Sunshine. Due to internal conflict between Fritz Von Erich and <mask>, he was written out of the organization, jobbing to Rip Oliver in a storyline where Rip bloodies and injured <mask>. He rarely stayed put in any federation that he went to. During that time he faced off against the debuting Shawn Michaels. He started splitting his time between Portland Wrestling and CWF and wrestled with partner Wahoo McDaniel and won the NWA Florida United States Tag Team Championship and in Jim Crockett Promotions where they feuded with Ole and Arn Anderson. He had just begun a feud with The Barbarian over who was the strongest man in the territory when he abruptly left the company after a confrontation with Jim Crockett in his office which became physical. World Wrestling Federation (1986–1988)
In 1986, <mask> went to the World Wrestling Federation and feuded with Randy Savage over the Intercontinental Championship and then with Hercules Hernandez over who was stronger, more muscular, and who had a better version of the full nelson (their mutual finishing maneuver).Their feud in the WWF peaked with what was dubbed "The Battle of the Full Nelsons" at WrestleMania III, where the two men battled to a double count-out. After the bell, Hercules' manager Bobby Heenan kneed <mask> in the back while he had Hercules in a full nelson out on the floor. <mask> chased Heenan into the ring where Hercules blindsided him with his trademark chain, hitting <mask> multiple times and (Kayfabe) cutting his forehead (in reality, <mask> had bladed himself with a small razor hidden in the tapes around his wrists after the first hit. He was actually seen on camera taking the razor out of his wrist tapes while chasing Heenan around the ring). In the months to follow, the two had a series of "chain matches," where they were attached at the wrist by a foot long chain which could also be used as a weapon during the match. <mask> later teamed with fellow Oregon native Ken Patera who had returned to the WWF. <mask> saved Patera from a beating at the hands of Hercules and Harley Race after Patera's return match.The pair would later feud with Demolition after a television match where Demolition left <mask>, Patera, and Brady Boone (who played <mask>' cousin) beaten and lying in the ring. <mask>' departure from the WWF in January 1988 has been a subject of controversy considering dramatic changes in the story as <mask> repeated it. In one version, he says he quit the WWF after refusing to do a job in his hometown of Portland, Oregon. Another account of the same incident reported that he actually wrestled the match with the finish reworked and then was fired afterwards. Later career (1988–1996)
<mask> returned to Oregon in 1988 and wrestled in their independents, including forming his own promotion, Oregon Wrestling Federation. In the summer of 1989, he returned to Portland and immediately feuded with The Grappler. By the end of the year, he would form an alliance with former rival Rip Oliver and his son Larry.On April 14, 1990, he turned on the Olivers during a match with The Grappler, The Equalizer, and Brian Adams, turning heel for the first time in his career. As a heel, he feuded with the Olivers, Scott Norton, and Scotty the Body. In October 1990, he did several shows for Herb Abrams' Universal Wrestling Federation, where they built up another strongman feud between <mask> and Ken Patera. In May 1991, <mask> returned to the major promotions when he appeared under a mask in World Championship Wrestling as Black Blood in Kevin Sullivan's stable. Soon after The Great American Bash, he was fired in July 1991, due to a pay dispute. At the time he was fired, he suffered a severe knee injury. Instead of recuperating, he went back to Portland, where he feuded with top babyface Steve Doll and Demolition Crush.After PNW shut down in 1992, <mask> took time off to recover from his knee injury he suffered in WCW, which took eighteen months to fully recover from. His first matches back was in June 1994, where he wrestled shows that were co-promoted by PNW's successor Championship Wrestling USA and Mexico's Asistencia Asesoría y Administración in Vancouver, Washington. He showed up next in the United States Wrestling Association in 1995 and retired in early 1996. Personal life
On March 16, 2013, <mask> was hospitalized because he was suffering from an aortic aneurysm, and liver and kidney issues. In October 2014, the Portland Tribune reported that <mask> filed a lawsuit in federal court against WWE, alleging "egregious mistreatment of its wrestlers for its own benefit, as well as its concealment and denial of medical research and evidence concerning traumatic brain injuries suffered by WWE wrestlers." This litigation was taken after research into chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), which was attributed to causing the deaths of Chris Benoit in 2007 and Andrew Martin in 2009. <mask> also sought for the court to grant class action status for hundreds of former wrestlers and to force WWE to establish a medical trust fund to pay for wrestlers who suffer from injuries that took place in a WWE ring.Former WWE stars Vito Lograsso and Adam Mercer filed a class action lawsuit against WWE in January 2015 while being represented by the same lawyer as <mask>, Konstantine Kyros. In March 2016, the suit was dismissed by Judge Vanessa Lynne Bryant. At the time of dismissal, dozens of former WWE wrestlers had joined a class action lawsuit under Kyros's counsel. Championships and accomplishments
Championship Wrestling from Florida
NWA Florida Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
NWA United States Tag Team Championship (Florida version) (1 time) - with Wahoo McDaniel
Oregon Wrestling Federation
OWF Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
Pacific Northwest Wrestling
NWA Pacific Northwest Heavyweight Championship (5 times)
NWA Pacific Northwest Tag Team Championship (3 times) - with Stan Stasiak (2) and Ricky Vaughn (1)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI Most Improved Wrestler of the Year (1984)
PWI ranked him #143 of the top 500 singles wrestlers of the "PWI Years" in 2003
United States Wrestling Association
USWA Southern Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
World Class Championship Wrestling
WCCW Television Championship (1 time)
References
1953 births
American male professional wrestlers
Living people
Professional wrestlers from Oregon
Professional wrestling promoters
Stampede Wrestling alumni | [
"William Albert Haynes III",
"Billy Jack Haynes",
"Haynes",
"Billy Jack",
"Jack",
"Haynes",
"Billy",
"Billy",
"Haynes",
"Haynes",
"Haynes",
"Haynes",
"Haynes",
"Haynes",
"Haynes",
"Haynes",
"Haynes",
"Haynes",
"Haynes",
"Haynes",
"Haynes",
"Haynes",
"Haynes",
"Haynes",
"Haynes",
"Haynes",
"Haynes"
] | <mask> is a retired American professional wrestler. <mask> started wrestling at the age of 28. He briefly wrestled in Hart's Stampede Wrestling under his given name and formed a tag team with Bruce Hart. He changed his name to <mask> after Tom Laughlin, who starred in the movie Billy Jack, threatened to take him to court. He continued to work as a babyface after changing his last name. <mask> served time for manslaughter before becoming a pro wrestler. He had a run in Championship Wrestling from Florida where he feuded with Rip Oliver until 1984, when he won the title from him.They had a brief run in World Class Championship Wrestling. He was written out of the organization due to the internal conflict between <mask> and Rip Oliver. He didn't stay in any federation that he went to. He faced off against Shawn Michaels. He won the NWA Florida United States Tag Team Championship when he split his time between CWF and Portland Wrestling. He had just begun a feud with The Barbarian over who was the strongest man in the territory when he left the company after a fight in his office. <mask> went to the World Wrestling Federation in 1986 and feuded with Randy Savage over who was stronger, more muscular, and who had a better version of the full nelson.The two men battled to a double count-out during the Battle of the Full Nelsons in the WWF. After the bell, Bobby Heenan kneed <mask> in the back and had Hercules on the floor. <mask> bladed himself with a small razor hidden in the tapes around his wrists after he was hit multiple times by Hercules in the ring. He was seen on camera taking the razor out of his wrist tapes while chasing Heenan. In the months to follow, the two had a series of "chain matches," where they were attached at the wrist by a foot long chain which could also be used as a weapon during the match. <mask> and Ken Patera were both natives of Oregon. After Patera's return match, <mask> saved him from being defeated by Hercules and Harley Race.<mask>, Patera, and Brady Boone were beaten and lying in the ring by Demolition after a television match. <mask>' departure from the WWF in January 1988 has been a subject of controversy because of dramatic changes in the story as <mask> repeated it. He says he quit the WWF because he wouldn't do a job in his hometown. He was fired after he wrestled the match with the reworked finish. <mask> formed his own promotion, the Oregon Wrestling Federation, after returning to Oregon in 1988. He feuded with The Grappler in the summer of 1989. He formed an alliance with Rip Oliver and his son at the end of the year.He turned on the Olivers for the first time in his career during a match with The Grappler, The Equalizer, and Brian Adams. He feuded with many people, including the Olivers. In October 1990 he did several shows for the Universal Wrestling Federation, where they built a strongman feud between <mask> and Ken Patera. In May 1991, <mask> returned to the major promotions when he appeared under a mask in World Championship Wrestling as Black Blood. He was fired in July 1991 due to a pay dispute. He had a serious knee injury when he was fired. He went back to Portland to fight with Steve Doll and Demolition Crush.When PNW shut down in 1992, <mask> took time off to recover from his knee injury, which took eighteen months to fully recover from. In June 1994, he wrestled shows that were co-promoted by Championship Wrestling USA and Mexico's Asistencia Asesora y Administracin. He retired from the United States Wrestling Association in 1996. <mask> was hospitalized in March of last year due to a variety of health issues. In October of 2014, the Portland Tribune reported that <mask> filed a lawsuit in federal court against World Wrestling Entertainment, accusing it of "egregious mistreatment of its wrestlers for its own benefit, as well as its concealment and denial of medical research and evidence concerning traumatic brain injuries suffered by WWE wrestlers." The deaths of Chris Benoit and Andrew Martin were blamed on chronic traumatic encephalopathy. <mask> wanted the court to grant class action status for hundreds of former wrestlers and to force the WWE to establish a medical trust fund to pay for wrestlers who suffer from injuries that took place in a WWE ring.While being represented by the same lawyer as <mask>, the former wrestlers filed a class action lawsuit against the company. The suit was dismissed by a judge. Dozens of former wrestlers joined a class action lawsuit under Kyros's counsel. Championship Wrestling from Florida NWA Florida Heavyweight Championship (1 time) NWA United States Tag Team Championship (Florida version) (1 time) Pacific Northwest Wrestling NWA Pacific Northwest Heavyweight Championship (5 times) | [
"Billy Jack Haynes",
"Haynes",
"Billy Jack",
"Haynes",
"Billy",
"Haynes",
"Haynes",
"Haynes",
"Haynes",
"Haynes",
"Haynes",
"Haynes",
"Haynes",
"Haynes",
"Haynes",
"Haynes",
"Haynes",
"Haynes",
"Haynes",
"Haynes",
"Haynes"
] |
34785683 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connor%20Chapman | Connor Chapman | Connor Chapman (born 31 October 1994) is an Australian professional footballer who plays for Brisbane Roar. He has represented Australia at under-17, under-20, and under-23 level.
Early years
Chapman grew up in South Western Sydney and began playing organised football at the age of five with his local club Moorebank Sports. At the age of ten he successfully trialled for the Westfields Sports High School football program and he also began playing representative football with Southern Districts within the Football NSW metropolitan reps competition. At the age of eleven he represented NSW Primary Schools (NSWPSSA) at the Australian School Sports football carnival in Darwin and at the age of thirteen he represented Football NSW at the Football Federation Australia National Youth Championships in Coffs Harbour.
As a 14-year-old, Chapman received his first national team call up to a Joeys training camp in Canberra and he subsequently played in two friendly matches against Japan. That same year he received a scholarship to the then fledgling Central Coast Mariners Academy through the Mariners' development link with Westfields Sports High School. He was also invited to the UK to train with Sunderland A.F.C. Reserves and Academy at the Academy of Light. Following two separate visits to the Academy of Light, Chapman was offered a position at the club's academy, however, visa regulations resulted in that deal falling through.
Season 2010-11: National Youth League & U17 World Cup
When Chapman was 15, he left his home in Sydney to commence a two-year live-in football scholarship at the A.I.S. in Canberra. Whilst at the A.I.S., he played a total of 32 A-League National Youth League matches during the 2010–11 and 2011–12 seasons. He captained the A.I.S. National youth League team for 23 of those matches, and also captained the Australian U17 national team at the 2011 U17 World Cup in Mexico.
Club career
Newcastle Jets
2011–12: National Youth League & Mid Season A-League Contract
Chapman joined the Newcastle Jets from the A.I.S. on 15 January 2012, after signing a two and a half-year contract with the Jets. On 18 February 2012, he made his professional A-League debut at the age of 17, where he came on as a 79th-minute substitute against Perth Glory. He made a second substitute appearance in the 2011–12 A-League season, appearing in the Newcastle Jets final match of the season against Sydney FC.
2012–13: A-League and U20 World Cup
The 2012–13 A-League season saw Chapman make his break through into the Newcastle Jets first team, with fifteen starts and two substitute appearances throughout their twenty seven match A-League season. Commitments with the Australian U20 national team, in preparation for the U20 World Cup, meant that he was unavailable for a number of Newcastle Jets matches during the 2012–13 A-League season.
2013 A-League All Stars
In July 2013, Chapman received a call up to the inaugural 2013 A-League All Stars Game, featuring twenty A-League players selected to play against Manchester United at ANZ Stadium in Sydney.
He was the youngest member of the inaugural A-League All Stars squad at just eighteen years of age and Coach Ange Postecoglou introduced him into the match in the 84th minute. This was Manchester United's only match in Australia during their 2013 pre-season tour of Australasia and a full array of first team players participated including Robin van Persie, Ryan Giggs, Rio Ferdinand and Danny Welbeck. The match was reported to be a sell out with more than 83,000 fans and spectators in attendance.
2013–14: A-League and under-23 national team
Chapman made a strong start to the 2013–14 A-League season, starting for the Newcastle Jets in their first six matches of the season before succumbing to an ankle injury. After those first six matches the Newcastle Jets were equal second on the A-league points ladder and were third on goal difference. His injury saw him ruled out of the match day squad for several weeks, during which time he penned a one-year contract extension with the Newcastle Jets, despite strong interest from a number of other A-League clubs.
Chapman was selected for the Australian U23 team that competed at the 2013 AFC U-22 Championship, in January 2014 in Muscat, Oman. The resulting travel commitments with the Australian U23 team meant that he was unavailable for a number of Newcastle Jets matches throughout January 2014. Whilst in Oman, the Newcastle Jets parted company with Head Coach Gary van Egmond and appointed Clayton Zane as caretaker. In total, Chapman played nineteen matches for the Newcastle Jets A-League and NYL teams throughout the 2013–14 season with only one loss recorded during his appearances.
On 9 May 2014, the Newcastle Jets announced that they had mutually agreed to terminate Chapman’s contract amid reports he was about to be signed by Melbourne Heart.
Melbourne City
On 20 May 2014, Melbourne Heart announced that Chapman had been signed on a two-year contract. It was speculated that he was the first signing under the new CFG ownership structure.
2014–15: A-League
Within days of joining Melbourne City for the commencement of pre-season training, Chapman was diagnosed with glandular fever. This debilitating illness saw him miss the whole of the 2014–15 A-League pre-season, along with the first eight matches of the season. Despite this setback, he sought to repay the Club's faith by turning in some impressive displays, once available for selection. His performances contributed to a nomination for the NAB Young Footballer of the Year award for the month of February, 2015.
2015–16: A-League
Chapman commenced the 2015–16 A-League season in solid form as a regular within the Melbourne City starting eleven, however, in December 2015 he sustained a medial cruciate ligament tear during a match against Newcastle Jets which rendered him unavailable for selection until the last few matches of the season.
2016–17: 2016 FFA Cup Champions and transfer
Chapman was a core member of the Melbourne City team crowned 2016 FFA Cup Champions, but at the commencement of the 2016–17 A-League season he found himself limited to just a handful of first team appearances. Selection decisions aside, Melbourne City were not defeated in any of the matches that he played in during the 2016 FFA Cup competition and the 2016–17 A-League season.
During the January 2017 international transfer window, Incheon United tabled a transfer bid for Chapman and after several weeks of negotiation the transfer was accepted by Melbourne City.
Incheon United
Season 2017: K League 1
Chapman’s international transfer to the South Korean K League 1 club Incheon United was completed in January 2017, ahead of the 2017 K League Classic season.
Pohang Steelers
Season 2018: K League 1
Chapman signed with another K League 1 club Pohang Steelers in January 2018, ahead of the 2018 K League 1 season.
At the end of a successful 2018 season with Pohang finishing 4th in the K League 1, Chapman signed a two-year contract extension with Pohang, tying him to the club until the end of the 2020 season.
In February 2019, it was reported by Korean media that Chapman was trying to force a move to Europe and had been infected by a brain parasite, which was reported to be false by Chapman. After suffering a stomach bug during the 2019 pre-season, Pohang were unhappy with Chapman's recovery plan and following prolonged talks between the club and the player, the club decided to terminate his contract.
Western United
On 7 March 2019, Chapman signed with the newly formed A-League team Western United.
Daejejon Hana Citizen
On 21 January 2020, Chapman signed with Daejeon Hana Citizen.
On 24 February 2021, his contract with the club was terminated.
FC Seoul
On 12 July 2021, Chapman signed with FC Seoul.
International career
To date, Chapman has represented Australia at the U17, U20, and U23 levels and started in all of Australia's matches at the 2011 FIFA U-17 World Cup and the 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup.
He captained the U17 team at the 2010 AFC U-16 Championship in Uzbekistan and in Australia's four matches at the 2011 FIFA U-17 World Cup in Mexico. Australia were grouped with the Ivory Coast, Brazil and Denmark and made it out of their group to the knockout phase where they were eliminated by Uzbekistan. He was identified by the FIFA Technical Study Group as one of Australia's two outstanding players for the tournament.
He was a member of the U20 national team that progressed undefeated through the 2012 AFC U-19 Championship qualification tournament in Malaysia. Connor was also selected into the U20 team that competed in Group E at the inaugural 2013 AFC U-22 Asian Cup qualification tournament in Indonesia and qualified for the finals. He was also selected into the U20 team that qualified for the 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup by reaching the semi-finals of the 2012 AFC U-19 Championship.
In June 2013, Chapman was selected into the Australian U20 team that were drawn in Group C at the 2013 edition of the FIFA U20 World Cup, alongside Colombia, El Salvador and the tournament hosts Turkey. Australia were eliminated at the group stage of the tournament. Despite their results, it was widely reported within the Australian media that this particular team had demonstrated an exciting style of football, not evidenced from Australia's youth teams for quite some time. In addition, he was recognized as one of Australia's outstanding players throughout the tournament, having started all three group matches.
In December 2013, Chapman was selected into the Australian U23 team that competed at the 2013 AFC U-22 Championship, in January 2014 in Muscat, Oman. As the vice-captain, he captained the U23 team for their first match of the tournament against Kuwait because the team captain did not play. Despite finishing at the top of their group against Kuwait, Syria and Japan, Australia was eliminated at the quarter final stage of the tournament in a 2–1 loss to Saudi Arabia.
Career statistics
Club
Honours
Individual
2013 A-League All Stars Selection
NAB Young Footballer of the Year Nominee: February 2015
Club
2016 Westfield FFA Cup Champions
References
External links
1994 births
Living people
Association football defenders
Association football midfielders
Soccer players from Sydney
A-League Men players
Newcastle Jets FC players
Australian Institute of Sport soccer players
Melbourne City FC players
Western United FC players
Incheon United FC players
Pohang Steelers players
Daejeon Hana Citizen FC players
FC Seoul players
Brisbane Roar FC players
Australian expatriate soccer players
Expatriate footballers in South Korea
K League 1 players
K League 2 players
Australian expatriate sportspeople in South Korea
Australian soccer players
People educated at Westfields Sports High School | [
"Connor Chapman (born 31 October 1994) is an Australian professional footballer who plays for Brisbane Roar.",
"He has represented Australia at under-17, under-20, and under-23 level.",
"Early years \nChapman grew up in South Western Sydney and began playing organised football at the age of five with his local club Moorebank Sports.",
"At the age of ten he successfully trialled for the Westfields Sports High School football program and he also began playing representative football with Southern Districts within the Football NSW metropolitan reps competition.",
"At the age of eleven he represented NSW Primary Schools (NSWPSSA) at the Australian School Sports football carnival in Darwin and at the age of thirteen he represented Football NSW at the Football Federation Australia National Youth Championships in Coffs Harbour.",
"As a 14-year-old, Chapman received his first national team call up to a Joeys training camp in Canberra and he subsequently played in two friendly matches against Japan.",
"That same year he received a scholarship to the then fledgling Central Coast Mariners Academy through the Mariners' development link with Westfields Sports High School.",
"He was also invited to the UK to train with Sunderland A.F.C.",
"Reserves and Academy at the Academy of Light.",
"Following two separate visits to the Academy of Light, Chapman was offered a position at the club's academy, however, visa regulations resulted in that deal falling through.",
"Season 2010-11: National Youth League & U17 World Cup \n\nWhen Chapman was 15, he left his home in Sydney to commence a two-year live-in football scholarship at the A.I.S.",
"in Canberra.",
"Whilst at the A.I.S., he played a total of 32 A-League National Youth League matches during the 2010–11 and 2011–12 seasons.",
"He captained the A.I.S.",
"National youth League team for 23 of those matches, and also captained the Australian U17 national team at the 2011 U17 World Cup in Mexico.",
"Club career\n\nNewcastle Jets\n\n2011–12: National Youth League & Mid Season A-League Contract \nChapman joined the Newcastle Jets from the A.I.S.",
"on 15 January 2012, after signing a two and a half-year contract with the Jets.",
"On 18 February 2012, he made his professional A-League debut at the age of 17, where he came on as a 79th-minute substitute against Perth Glory.",
"He made a second substitute appearance in the 2011–12 A-League season, appearing in the Newcastle Jets final match of the season against Sydney FC.",
"2012–13: A-League and U20 World Cup \n\nThe 2012–13 A-League season saw Chapman make his break through into the Newcastle Jets first team, with fifteen starts and two substitute appearances throughout their twenty seven match A-League season.",
"Commitments with the Australian U20 national team, in preparation for the U20 World Cup, meant that he was unavailable for a number of Newcastle Jets matches during the 2012–13 A-League season.",
"2013 A-League All Stars \nIn July 2013, Chapman received a call up to the inaugural 2013 A-League All Stars Game, featuring twenty A-League players selected to play against Manchester United at ANZ Stadium in Sydney.",
"He was the youngest member of the inaugural A-League All Stars squad at just eighteen years of age and Coach Ange Postecoglou introduced him into the match in the 84th minute.",
"This was Manchester United's only match in Australia during their 2013 pre-season tour of Australasia and a full array of first team players participated including Robin van Persie, Ryan Giggs, Rio Ferdinand and Danny Welbeck.",
"The match was reported to be a sell out with more than 83,000 fans and spectators in attendance.",
"2013–14: A-League and under-23 national team \nChapman made a strong start to the 2013–14 A-League season, starting for the Newcastle Jets in their first six matches of the season before succumbing to an ankle injury.",
"After those first six matches the Newcastle Jets were equal second on the A-league points ladder and were third on goal difference.",
"His injury saw him ruled out of the match day squad for several weeks, during which time he penned a one-year contract extension with the Newcastle Jets, despite strong interest from a number of other A-League clubs.",
"Chapman was selected for the Australian U23 team that competed at the 2013 AFC U-22 Championship, in January 2014 in Muscat, Oman.",
"The resulting travel commitments with the Australian U23 team meant that he was unavailable for a number of Newcastle Jets matches throughout January 2014.",
"Whilst in Oman, the Newcastle Jets parted company with Head Coach Gary van Egmond and appointed Clayton Zane as caretaker.",
"In total, Chapman played nineteen matches for the Newcastle Jets A-League and NYL teams throughout the 2013–14 season with only one loss recorded during his appearances.",
"On 9 May 2014, the Newcastle Jets announced that they had mutually agreed to terminate Chapman’s contract amid reports he was about to be signed by Melbourne Heart.",
"Melbourne City \nOn 20 May 2014, Melbourne Heart announced that Chapman had been signed on a two-year contract.",
"It was speculated that he was the first signing under the new CFG ownership structure.",
"2014–15: A-League \nWithin days of joining Melbourne City for the commencement of pre-season training, Chapman was diagnosed with glandular fever.",
"This debilitating illness saw him miss the whole of the 2014–15 A-League pre-season, along with the first eight matches of the season.",
"Despite this setback, he sought to repay the Club's faith by turning in some impressive displays, once available for selection.",
"His performances contributed to a nomination for the NAB Young Footballer of the Year award for the month of February, 2015.",
"2015–16: A-League \nChapman commenced the 2015–16 A-League season in solid form as a regular within the Melbourne City starting eleven, however, in December 2015 he sustained a medial cruciate ligament tear during a match against Newcastle Jets which rendered him unavailable for selection until the last few matches of the season.",
"2016–17: 2016 FFA Cup Champions and transfer \nChapman was a core member of the Melbourne City team crowned 2016 FFA Cup Champions, but at the commencement of the 2016–17 A-League season he found himself limited to just a handful of first team appearances.",
"Selection decisions aside, Melbourne City were not defeated in any of the matches that he played in during the 2016 FFA Cup competition and the 2016–17 A-League season.",
"During the January 2017 international transfer window, Incheon United tabled a transfer bid for Chapman and after several weeks of negotiation the transfer was accepted by Melbourne City.",
"Incheon United\n\nSeason 2017: K League 1 \nChapman’s international transfer to the South Korean K League 1 club Incheon United was completed in January 2017, ahead of the 2017 K League Classic season.",
"Pohang Steelers\n\nSeason 2018: K League 1 \nChapman signed with another K League 1 club Pohang Steelers in January 2018, ahead of the 2018 K League 1 season.",
"At the end of a successful 2018 season with Pohang finishing 4th in the K League 1, Chapman signed a two-year contract extension with Pohang, tying him to the club until the end of the 2020 season.",
"In February 2019, it was reported by Korean media that Chapman was trying to force a move to Europe and had been infected by a brain parasite, which was reported to be false by Chapman.",
"After suffering a stomach bug during the 2019 pre-season, Pohang were unhappy with Chapman's recovery plan and following prolonged talks between the club and the player, the club decided to terminate his contract.",
"Western United \nOn 7 March 2019, Chapman signed with the newly formed A-League team Western United.",
"Daejejon Hana Citizen \nOn 21 January 2020, Chapman signed with Daejeon Hana Citizen.",
"On 24 February 2021, his contract with the club was terminated.",
"FC Seoul \nOn 12 July 2021, Chapman signed with FC Seoul.",
"International career \nTo date, Chapman has represented Australia at the U17, U20, and U23 levels and started in all of Australia's matches at the 2011 FIFA U-17 World Cup and the 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup.",
"He captained the U17 team at the 2010 AFC U-16 Championship in Uzbekistan and in Australia's four matches at the 2011 FIFA U-17 World Cup in Mexico.",
"Australia were grouped with the Ivory Coast, Brazil and Denmark and made it out of their group to the knockout phase where they were eliminated by Uzbekistan.",
"He was identified by the FIFA Technical Study Group as one of Australia's two outstanding players for the tournament.",
"He was a member of the U20 national team that progressed undefeated through the 2012 AFC U-19 Championship qualification tournament in Malaysia.",
"Connor was also selected into the U20 team that competed in Group E at the inaugural 2013 AFC U-22 Asian Cup qualification tournament in Indonesia and qualified for the finals.",
"He was also selected into the U20 team that qualified for the 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup by reaching the semi-finals of the 2012 AFC U-19 Championship.",
"In June 2013, Chapman was selected into the Australian U20 team that were drawn in Group C at the 2013 edition of the FIFA U20 World Cup, alongside Colombia, El Salvador and the tournament hosts Turkey.",
"Australia were eliminated at the group stage of the tournament.",
"Despite their results, it was widely reported within the Australian media that this particular team had demonstrated an exciting style of football, not evidenced from Australia's youth teams for quite some time.",
"In addition, he was recognized as one of Australia's outstanding players throughout the tournament, having started all three group matches.",
"In December 2013, Chapman was selected into the Australian U23 team that competed at the 2013 AFC U-22 Championship, in January 2014 in Muscat, Oman.",
"As the vice-captain, he captained the U23 team for their first match of the tournament against Kuwait because the team captain did not play.",
"Despite finishing at the top of their group against Kuwait, Syria and Japan, Australia was eliminated at the quarter final stage of the tournament in a 2–1 loss to Saudi Arabia.",
"Career statistics\n\nClub\n\nHonours \n\nIndividual\n\n 2013 A-League All Stars Selection\n NAB Young Footballer of the Year Nominee: February 2015\n\nClub\n\n 2016 Westfield FFA Cup Champions\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n \n \n \n\n1994 births\nLiving people\nAssociation football defenders\nAssociation football midfielders\nSoccer players from Sydney\nA-League Men players\nNewcastle Jets FC players\nAustralian Institute of Sport soccer players\nMelbourne City FC players\nWestern United FC players\nIncheon United FC players\nPohang Steelers players\nDaejeon Hana Citizen FC players\nFC Seoul players\nBrisbane Roar FC players\nAustralian expatriate soccer players\nExpatriate footballers in South Korea\nK League 1 players\nK League 2 players\nAustralian expatriate sportspeople in South Korea\nAustralian soccer players\nPeople educated at Westfields Sports High School"
] | [
"Connor Chapman is an Australian professional footballer.",
"He has represented Australia at various levels.",
"Chapman started playing football at the age of five with his local club Moorebank Sports.",
"At the age of ten, he was able to try out for the football program at the Westfields Sports High School.",
"At the age of thirteen, he represented FootballNSW at the Football Federation Australia National Youth Championships in Coffs Harbour and at the age of eleven at the Australian School Sports football carnival in Darwin.",
"Chapman was called up to the national team at the age of 14 and played in two friendly matches against Japan.",
"He received a scholarship to the Central Coast Mariners Academy in the same year.",
"He was invited to train in the UK.",
"The Academy of Light has reserves and an academy.",
"Chapman was offered a position at the club's academy, however, visa regulations caused the deal to fall through.",
"Chapman left his home in Australia to start a two-year live-in football scholarship at the A.I.S. when he was 15.",
"In the nation's capital.",
"He played a total of 32 A-League National Youth League matches while at the A.I.S.",
"He was the captain of the A.I.S.",
"The Australian U17 national team captained the team at the U17 World Cup in Mexico.",
"Chapman joined the Jets from the A.I.S. and played in the National Youth League and A-League.",
"After signing a two and a half year contract with the Jets.",
"He made his professional A-League debut at the age of 17 and came on as a substitute against Perth Glory.",
"In the final match of the A-League season, he made his second substitute appearance.",
"The 2012–13 A-League season saw Chapman make his break through into the Jets first team, with fifteen starts and two substitute appearances.",
"During the 2012–13 A-League season, he was unavailable for a number of Jets matches due to his commitments with the Australian U20 national team.",
"Chapman was one of twenty A-League players selected to play against Manchester United in the inaugural A-League All Stars Game.",
"The youngest member of the inaugural A-League All Stars squad was introduced to the crowd in the 84th minute.",
"This was Manchester United's only match in Australia during their pre-season tour of Australasia and a full array of first team players participated.",
"There were more than 83,000 fans and spectators in attendance for the match.",
"In the first six matches of the A-League season, Chapman started for the Jets before succumbing to an ankle injury.",
"The Jets were equal second on the A-league points ladder and third on goal difference after six matches.",
"Despite strong interest from other A-League clubs, he signed a one-year contract extension with the Jets despite being ruled out of the match day squad for several weeks.",
"Chapman was a member of the Australian U23 team that competed at the AFC U-22 Championship in January.",
"He was unavailable for a number of Jets matches in January due to travel commitments with the Australian U23 team.",
"Gary van Egmond was the head coach of the Jets when they were in Oman.",
"Chapman played nineteen matches in the A-League and NYL for the Jets and only one loss.",
"Chapman's contract was terminated by the Jets and he was about to be signed by the Heart.",
"Chapman signed a two-year contract with the Heart.",
"He was thought to be the first signing under the new ownership structure.",
"Chapman was diagnosed with glandular fever within days of joining Melbourne City for pre-season training.",
"He missed the whole of the A-League pre-season and the first eight matches of the season due to illness.",
"He wanted to repay the Club's faith by turning in some impressive displays once available for selection.",
"He was nominated for the Young Footballer of the Year award in February.",
"Chapman started the 2015–16 A-League season in solid form as a regular within the Melbourne City starting eleven, however, in December 2015 he sustained a knee injury and was unavailable for selection until the last few matches of the season.",
"At the start of the 2016–17 A-League season, Chapman was limited to just a handful of first team appearances, despite being a core member of the Melbourne City team that won the 2016 FFA Cup.",
"During the 2016 FFA Cup competition and the 2016–17 A-League season, he was not defeated in any of the matches that he played in.",
"Chapman's transfer was accepted by Melbourne City after several weeks of negotiation after Incheon United tabled a transfer bid.",
"Chapman's international transfer to the South Korean K League 1 club Incheon United was completed in January, ahead of the K League Classic season.",
"Chapman signed with another K League 1 club in January, ahead of the K League 1 season.",
"Chapman signed a two-year contract extension with Pohang after they finished 4th in the K League 1 last season.",
"Korean media reported in February that Chapman was trying to force a move to Europe and had been bitten by a brain parasites.",
"Chapman's contract was terminated by the club after they were unhappy with his recovery plan after he suffered a stomach bug during the pre-season.",
"Chapman signed with Western United on March 7, 2019.",
"On January 21, 2020, Chapman signed with Daejeon Hana Citizen.",
"His contract with the club was terminated in February of 2021.",
"Chapman joined FC Seoul on July 12th, 2021.",
"Chapman has represented Australia at the U17, U20, and U23 levels and started in all of Australia's matches at the U-20 World Cup.",
"He captained the U17 team at the 2010 AFC U-16 Championship in Uzbekistan and in Australia's four matches at the U17 World Cup in Mexico.",
"Australia made it out of their group to the knockout phase where they were eliminated by Uzbekistan.",
"One of Australia's two outstanding players for the tournament was identified by the FIFA Technical Study Group.",
"He was a member of the U20 national team that won the 2012 Asian Football Confederation U-19 Championship qualification tournament in Malaysia.",
"The U20 team that competed in Group E at the first Asian Cup qualification tournament in Indonesia qualified for the finals.",
"He was selected into the U20 team that qualified for the U-20 World Cup by reaching the semi-finals of the 2012 AFC U-19 Championship.",
"In June of last year, Chapman was selected into the Australian U20 team that were drawn in Group C at the 2013 edition of the FIFA U20 World Cup.",
"Australia was eliminated from the tournament in the group stage.",
"Despite their results, it was widely reported within the Australian media that this particular team had demonstrated an exciting style of football, not evidenced from Australia's youth teams for quite some time.",
"He was one of Australia's outstanding players throughout the tournament, having started all three group matches.",
"Chapman was selected into the Australian U23 team that competed at the 2013 AFC U-22 Championship in January.",
"He captained the U23 team for their first match of the tournament against Kuwait because the team captain did not play.",
"Despite finishing at the top of their group against Kuwait, Syria and Japan, Australia was eliminated at the quarter final stage of the tournament in a 2–1 loss to Saudi Arabia.",
"Football players from the A-League have been nominated for Young Footballer of the Year."
] | <mask> (born 31 October 1994) is an Australian professional footballer who plays for Brisbane Roar. He has represented Australia at under-17, under-20, and under-23 level. Early years
<mask> grew up in South Western Sydney and began playing organised football at the age of five with his local club Moorebank Sports. At the age of ten he successfully trialled for the Westfields Sports High School football program and he also began playing representative football with Southern Districts within the Football NSW metropolitan reps competition. At the age of eleven he represented NSW Primary Schools (NSWPSSA) at the Australian School Sports football carnival in Darwin and at the age of thirteen he represented Football NSW at the Football Federation Australia National Youth Championships in Coffs Harbour. As a 14-year-old, <mask> received his first national team call up to a Joeys training camp in Canberra and he subsequently played in two friendly matches against Japan. That same year he received a scholarship to the then fledgling Central Coast Mariners Academy through the Mariners' development link with Westfields Sports High School.He was also invited to the UK to train with Sunderland A.F.C. Reserves and Academy at the Academy of Light. Following two separate visits to the Academy of Light, <mask> was offered a position at the club's academy, however, visa regulations resulted in that deal falling through. Season 2010-11: National Youth League & U17 World Cup
When <mask> was 15, he left his home in Sydney to commence a two-year live-in football scholarship at the A.I.S. in Canberra. Whilst at the A.I.S., he played a total of 32 A-League National Youth League matches during the 2010–11 and 2011–12 seasons. He captained the A.I.S.National youth League team for 23 of those matches, and also captained the Australian U17 national team at the 2011 U17 World Cup in Mexico. Club career
Newcastle Jets
2011–12: National Youth League & Mid Season A-League Contract
<mask> joined the Newcastle Jets from the A.I.S. on 15 January 2012, after signing a two and a half-year contract with the Jets. On 18 February 2012, he made his professional A-League debut at the age of 17, where he came on as a 79th-minute substitute against Perth Glory. He made a second substitute appearance in the 2011–12 A-League season, appearing in the Newcastle Jets final match of the season against Sydney FC. 2012–13: A-League and U20 World Cup
The 2012–13 A-League season saw <mask> make his break through into the Newcastle Jets first team, with fifteen starts and two substitute appearances throughout their twenty seven match A-League season. Commitments with the Australian U20 national team, in preparation for the U20 World Cup, meant that he was unavailable for a number of Newcastle Jets matches during the 2012–13 A-League season.2013 A-League All Stars
In July 2013, <mask> received a call up to the inaugural 2013 A-League All Stars Game, featuring twenty A-League players selected to play against Manchester United at ANZ Stadium in Sydney. He was the youngest member of the inaugural A-League All Stars squad at just eighteen years of age and Coach Ange Postecoglou introduced him into the match in the 84th minute. This was Manchester United's only match in Australia during their 2013 pre-season tour of Australasia and a full array of first team players participated including Robin van Persie, Ryan Giggs, Rio Ferdinand and Danny Welbeck. The match was reported to be a sell out with more than 83,000 fans and spectators in attendance. 2013–14: A-League and under-23 national team
<mask> made a strong start to the 2013–14 A-League season, starting for the Newcastle Jets in their first six matches of the season before succumbing to an ankle injury. After those first six matches the Newcastle Jets were equal second on the A-league points ladder and were third on goal difference. His injury saw him ruled out of the match day squad for several weeks, during which time he penned a one-year contract extension with the Newcastle Jets, despite strong interest from a number of other A-League clubs.<mask> was selected for the Australian U23 team that competed at the 2013 AFC U-22 Championship, in January 2014 in Muscat, Oman. The resulting travel commitments with the Australian U23 team meant that he was unavailable for a number of Newcastle Jets matches throughout January 2014. Whilst in Oman, the Newcastle Jets parted company with Head Coach Gary van Egmond and appointed Clayton Zane as caretaker. In total, <mask> played nineteen matches for the Newcastle Jets A-League and NYL teams throughout the 2013–14 season with only one loss recorded during his appearances. On 9 May 2014, the Newcastle Jets announced that they had mutually agreed to terminate <mask>’s contract amid reports he was about to be signed by Melbourne Heart. Melbourne City
On 20 May 2014, Melbourne Heart announced that <mask> had been signed on a two-year contract. It was speculated that he was the first signing under the new CFG ownership structure.2014–15: A-League
Within days of joining Melbourne City for the commencement of pre-season training, <mask> was diagnosed with glandular fever. This debilitating illness saw him miss the whole of the 2014–15 A-League pre-season, along with the first eight matches of the season. Despite this setback, he sought to repay the Club's faith by turning in some impressive displays, once available for selection. His performances contributed to a nomination for the NAB Young Footballer of the Year award for the month of February, 2015. 2015–16: A-League
<mask> commenced the 2015–16 A-League season in solid form as a regular within the Melbourne City starting eleven, however, in December 2015 he sustained a medial cruciate ligament tear during a match against Newcastle Jets which rendered him unavailable for selection until the last few matches of the season. 2016–17: 2016 FFA Cup Champions and transfer
<mask> was a core member of the Melbourne City team crowned 2016 FFA Cup Champions, but at the commencement of the 2016–17 A-League season he found himself limited to just a handful of first team appearances. Selection decisions aside, Melbourne City were not defeated in any of the matches that he played in during the 2016 FFA Cup competition and the 2016–17 A-League season.During the January 2017 international transfer window, Incheon United tabled a transfer bid for <mask> and after several weeks of negotiation the transfer was accepted by Melbourne City. Incheon United
Season 2017: K League 1
<mask>’s international transfer to the South Korean K League 1 club Incheon United was completed in January 2017, ahead of the 2017 K League Classic season. Pohang Steelers
Season 2018: K League 1
<mask> signed with another K League 1 club Pohang Steelers in January 2018, ahead of the 2018 K League 1 season. At the end of a successful 2018 season with Pohang finishing 4th in the K League 1, <mask> signed a two-year contract extension with Pohang, tying him to the club until the end of the 2020 season. In February 2019, it was reported by Korean media that <mask> was trying to force a move to Europe and had been infected by a brain parasite, which was reported to be false by <mask>. After suffering a stomach bug during the 2019 pre-season, Pohang were unhappy with <mask>'s recovery plan and following prolonged talks between the club and the player, the club decided to terminate his contract. Western United
On 7 March 2019, <mask> signed with the newly formed A-League team Western United.Daejejon Hana Citizen
On 21 January 2020, <mask> signed with Daejeon Hana Citizen. On 24 February 2021, his contract with the club was terminated. FC Seoul
On 12 July 2021, <mask> signed with FC Seoul. International career
To date, <mask> has represented Australia at the U17, U20, and U23 levels and started in all of Australia's matches at the 2011 FIFA U-17 World Cup and the 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup. He captained the U17 team at the 2010 AFC U-16 Championship in Uzbekistan and in Australia's four matches at the 2011 FIFA U-17 World Cup in Mexico. Australia were grouped with the Ivory Coast, Brazil and Denmark and made it out of their group to the knockout phase where they were eliminated by Uzbekistan. He was identified by the FIFA Technical Study Group as one of Australia's two outstanding players for the tournament.He was a member of the U20 national team that progressed undefeated through the 2012 AFC U-19 Championship qualification tournament in Malaysia. <mask> was also selected into the U20 team that competed in Group E at the inaugural 2013 AFC U-22 Asian Cup qualification tournament in Indonesia and qualified for the finals. He was also selected into the U20 team that qualified for the 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup by reaching the semi-finals of the 2012 AFC U-19 Championship. In June 2013, <mask> was selected into the Australian U20 team that were drawn in Group C at the 2013 edition of the FIFA U20 World Cup, alongside Colombia, El Salvador and the tournament hosts Turkey. Australia were eliminated at the group stage of the tournament. Despite their results, it was widely reported within the Australian media that this particular team had demonstrated an exciting style of football, not evidenced from Australia's youth teams for quite some time. In addition, he was recognized as one of Australia's outstanding players throughout the tournament, having started all three group matches.In December 2013, <mask> was selected into the Australian U23 team that competed at the 2013 AFC U-22 Championship, in January 2014 in Muscat, Oman. As the vice-captain, he captained the U23 team for their first match of the tournament against Kuwait because the team captain did not play. Despite finishing at the top of their group against Kuwait, Syria and Japan, Australia was eliminated at the quarter final stage of the tournament in a 2–1 loss to Saudi Arabia. Career statistics
Club
Honours
Individual
2013 A-League All Stars Selection
NAB Young Footballer of the Year Nominee: February 2015
Club
2016 Westfield FFA Cup Champions
References
External links
1994 births
Living people
Association football defenders
Association football midfielders
Soccer players from Sydney
A-League Men players
Newcastle Jets FC players
Australian Institute of Sport soccer players
Melbourne City FC players
Western United FC players
Incheon United FC players
Pohang Steelers players
Daejeon Hana Citizen FC players
FC Seoul players
Brisbane Roar FC players
Australian expatriate soccer players
Expatriate footballers in South Korea
K League 1 players
K League 2 players
Australian expatriate sportspeople in South Korea
Australian soccer players
People educated at Westfields Sports High School | [
"Connor Chapman",
"Chapman",
"Chapman",
"Chapman",
"Chapman",
"Chapman",
"Chapman",
"Chapman",
"Chapman",
"Chapman",
"Chapman",
"Chapman",
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"Chapman",
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"Chapman",
"Chapman",
"Chapman",
"Chapman",
"Connor",
"Chapman",
"Chapman"
] | <mask> is an Australian professional footballer. He has represented Australia at various levels. <mask> started playing football at the age of five with his local club Moorebank Sports. At the age of ten, he was able to try out for the football program at the Westfields Sports High School. At the age of thirteen, he represented FootballNSW at the Football Federation Australia National Youth Championships in Coffs Harbour and at the age of eleven at the Australian School Sports football carnival in Darwin. <mask> was called up to the national team at the age of 14 and played in two friendly matches against Japan. He received a scholarship to the Central Coast Mariners Academy in the same year.He was invited to train in the UK. The Academy of Light has reserves and an academy. <mask> was offered a position at the club's academy, however, visa regulations caused the deal to fall through. <mask> left his home in Australia to start a two-year live-in football scholarship at the A.I.S. when he was 15. In the nation's capital. He played a total of 32 A-League National Youth League matches while at the A.I.S. He was the captain of the A.I.S.The Australian U17 national team captained the team at the U17 World Cup in Mexico. <mask> joined the Jets from the A.I.S. and played in the National Youth League and A-League. After signing a two and a half year contract with the Jets. He made his professional A-League debut at the age of 17 and came on as a substitute against Perth Glory. In the final match of the A-League season, he made his second substitute appearance. The 2012–13 A-League season saw <mask> make his break through into the Jets first team, with fifteen starts and two substitute appearances. During the 2012–13 A-League season, he was unavailable for a number of Jets matches due to his commitments with the Australian U20 national team.<mask> was one of twenty A-League players selected to play against Manchester United in the inaugural A-League All Stars Game. The youngest member of the inaugural A-League All Stars squad was introduced to the crowd in the 84th minute. This was Manchester United's only match in Australia during their pre-season tour of Australasia and a full array of first team players participated. There were more than 83,000 fans and spectators in attendance for the match. In the first six matches of the A-League season, <mask> started for the Jets before succumbing to an ankle injury. The Jets were equal second on the A-league points ladder and third on goal difference after six matches. Despite strong interest from other A-League clubs, he signed a one-year contract extension with the Jets despite being ruled out of the match day squad for several weeks.<mask> was a member of the Australian U23 team that competed at the AFC U-22 Championship in January. He was unavailable for a number of Jets matches in January due to travel commitments with the Australian U23 team. Gary van Egmond was the head coach of the Jets when they were in Oman. <mask> played nineteen matches in the A-League and NYL for the Jets and only one loss. <mask>'s contract was terminated by the Jets and he was about to be signed by the Heart. <mask> signed a two-year contract with the Heart. He was thought to be the first signing under the new ownership structure.<mask> was diagnosed with glandular fever within days of joining Melbourne City for pre-season training. He missed the whole of the A-League pre-season and the first eight matches of the season due to illness. He wanted to repay the Club's faith by turning in some impressive displays once available for selection. He was nominated for the Young Footballer of the Year award in February. <mask> started the 2015–16 A-League season in solid form as a regular within the Melbourne City starting eleven, however, in December 2015 he sustained a knee injury and was unavailable for selection until the last few matches of the season. At the start of the 2016–17 A-League season, <mask> was limited to just a handful of first team appearances, despite being a core member of the Melbourne City team that won the 2016 FFA Cup. During the 2016 FFA Cup competition and the 2016–17 A-League season, he was not defeated in any of the matches that he played in.<mask>'s transfer was accepted by Melbourne City after several weeks of negotiation after Incheon United tabled a transfer bid. <mask>'s international transfer to the South Korean K League 1 club Incheon United was completed in January, ahead of the K League Classic season. <mask> signed with another K League 1 club in January, ahead of the K League 1 season. <mask> signed a two-year contract extension with Pohang after they finished 4th in the K League 1 last season. Korean media reported in February that <mask> was trying to force a move to Europe and had been bitten by a brain parasites. <mask>'s contract was terminated by the club after they were unhappy with his recovery plan after he suffered a stomach bug during the pre-season. <mask> signed with Western United on March 7, 2019.On January 21, 2020, <mask> signed with Daejeon Hana Citizen. His contract with the club was terminated in February of 2021. <mask> joined FC Seoul on July 12th, 2021. <mask> has represented Australia at the U17, U20, and U23 levels and started in all of Australia's matches at the U-20 World Cup. He captained the U17 team at the 2010 AFC U-16 Championship in Uzbekistan and in Australia's four matches at the U17 World Cup in Mexico. Australia made it out of their group to the knockout phase where they were eliminated by Uzbekistan. One of Australia's two outstanding players for the tournament was identified by the FIFA Technical Study Group.He was a member of the U20 national team that won the 2012 Asian Football Confederation U-19 Championship qualification tournament in Malaysia. The U20 team that competed in Group E at the first Asian Cup qualification tournament in Indonesia qualified for the finals. He was selected into the U20 team that qualified for the U-20 World Cup by reaching the semi-finals of the 2012 AFC U-19 Championship. In June of last year, <mask> was selected into the Australian U20 team that were drawn in Group C at the 2013 edition of the FIFA U20 World Cup. Australia was eliminated from the tournament in the group stage. Despite their results, it was widely reported within the Australian media that this particular team had demonstrated an exciting style of football, not evidenced from Australia's youth teams for quite some time. He was one of Australia's outstanding players throughout the tournament, having started all three group matches.<mask> was selected into the Australian U23 team that competed at the 2013 AFC U-22 Championship in January. He captained the U23 team for their first match of the tournament against Kuwait because the team captain did not play. Despite finishing at the top of their group against Kuwait, Syria and Japan, Australia was eliminated at the quarter final stage of the tournament in a 2–1 loss to Saudi Arabia. Football players from the A-League have been nominated for Young Footballer of the Year. | [
"Connor Chapman",
"Chapman",
"Chapman",
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] |
2379515 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Paul%20Jackson | John Paul Jackson | John Paul Jackson (July 30, 1950 - February 18, 2015) was an American author, teacher, conference speaker and founder of Streams Ministries International. Jackson often focused on supernatural topics like dreams, visions, and dream interpretation as found in the Bible. He developed a number of prophetic training courses. He was the host of Dreams & Mysteries with John Paul Jackson found on Daystar. He was also a recurring guest on many shows that include The 700 Club, Sid Roth's It's Supernatural, Benny Hinn's This Is Your Day program, and Joni Lamb's Table Talk among others.
At one time he was a member of the controversial Kansas City Prophets, whose practice and doctrine came under fire in the 1980s and '90s. He was the founder of Streams Ministries International, a Christian group that deals especially with the practice known as prophecy.
Jackson's career spanned more than 20 years. He served as the senior pastor of two churches, and he also served on the pastoral staff at the Vineyard Movement's Christian Fellowship in Anaheim, California (with John Wimber) and at the former Metro Christian Fellowship in Kansas City, Missouri (with Mike Bickle).
In 1997, Jackson launched The Streams Institute for Spiritual Development, a training program for mentoring those who claim to have revelatory gifts. By 2003, more than 12,000 students had enrolled in his courses, which have been held in Canada, Scotland, Poland, England, Switzerland, and Ukraine. In the summer of 2001, Jackson moved his headquarters to the Lake Sunapee region of New Hampshire. In 2008, Jackson relocated the ministry headquarters to the Dallas–Fort Worth metropolitan area.
The Coming Perfect Storm
In what Jackson referred to as a revelation from the Lord, he released a statement in 2008 called The Coming Perfect Storm. In this statement, he spoke of a time coming to America and the world in which economic, military, religious, political, and geophysical issues and events would occur in a relatively small period of time to make up a perfect storm of calamity.
In the summer of 2009, Jackson was a guest on Sid Roth's It's Supernatural! radio and television program which aired on Trinity Broadcasting Network, The Inspiration Network, GOD TV, Daystar and other regional television stations. In the interview, Jackson describes in detail the events that were revealed to him. "I saw the year 2010 was going to be very difficult, especially as you get further into 2010. I saw the year, I kept hearing an angel saying in a deep loud voice, 'The woes of 2012. The woes of 2012. The woes of 2012.' I don’t know what those woes are, Sid. The angel did not tell me about those woes. But there was more emphasis on those woes than almost anything else that I was given."
In a 2011 web video series called "The Perfect Storm Revisited", Jackson elaborated more on his original message. In this video, he clarified his earlier statements regarding the year 2012. While stating he still did not know the details of what these "woes" were, he affirmed that he did not believe it would be anything on an apocalyptic or global destructive scale (making a reference to the film 2012).
The subject of The Perfect Storm has been discussed on multiple mainstream television programs, including Joni Table Talk, and Sid Roth's, It's Supernatural! John Paul Jackson also hosted a monthly live webinar through his Institute for Spiritual Development (ISD), where he often spoke on current and future events that he claimed supported his initial prophecy.
Preparing for the Perfect Storm
Preparing for The Perfect Storm is a John Paul Jackson resource developed to assist with preparing for The Perfect Storm's five elements. It does so by referencing spiritual and practical material, while acting as a portal to news articles that support the prophecies that were first spoken in 2008.
The prophecies pertaining to the Perfect Storm have been broken down categorically, as have the news aggregated articles. Periodically, a member of Streams Ministries, which was founded by John Paul Jackson, will write an article under the heading, Symptoms of the Storm, which is intended to bring a compilation of articles together as evidence of The Perfect Storm.
He considered mediums and new age material an influence misaligned with scriptural truth. New age materials can create strongholds not of God, but the enemy in disguise preventing truth from being heard. God touched many lives as John Paul and his ministry team touched the lives of many new agers with God’s message. Accordingly, we are to seek God out, like a King who seeks out what is best for his kingdom in regards to answers in our dreams.
Declining health
Jackson was diagnosed with cancer in May 2014. Doctors found a huge cancerous growth in his leg. Surgery removed a 12-lb tumour and the operation required 175 stitches.
Death
Jackson died on February 18, 2015 following post-cancer treatment complications which left him with pneumonia, pleurisy and secondary tumours on his lungs. He was 64.
Publications
John Paul Jackson wrote and self-published several books, many of which have been translated in several languages. He also developed training resources and produced many CD and DVD series, among them:
Books
John Paul Jackson, 7 Days Behind the Veil (Streams Publishing, 2006).
John Paul Jackson, Breaking Free of Rejection (Streams Publishing, 2004).
John Paul Jackson, I AM: 365 Names of God Book (Streams Publishing, 2002).
John Paul Jackson, Unmasking the Jezebel Spirit (Streams Publishing, 2002).
John Paul Jackson, Buying & selling the souls of our children : a closer look at Pokémon (Streams Publishing, 2000).
John Paul Jackson, Needless Casualties of War (Streams Publishing, 1999).
CDs/DVDs
John Paul Jackson, Power and Authority (2011) Audio CD
John Paul Jackson, Keys to Receiving God's Justice (2009) DVD
John Paul Jackson, The Kingdom of God in Turbulent Times (2009) DVD
John Paul Jackson, The Coming Perfect Storm (2008) DVD
John Paul Jackson, Understanding Dreams & Visions (2007) Audio CD
Courses authored and developed by John Paul Jackson
John Paul Jackson, The Art of Hearing God (1997–2011)
John Paul Jackson, Understanding Dreams and Visions (1997–2011)
John Paul Jackson, Advanced Prophetic Ministry (1997–2011)
John Paul Jackson, Advanced Workshop in Dreams and Visions (1997–2011)
Footnotes
External links
Dreams & Mysteries
Streams Ministries
John Paul Jackson Ministries
John Paul Jackson's Facebook Fan Page
A John Paul Jackson Resource
American Christian religious leaders
People from Fort Worth, Texas
1950 births
2015 deaths
Writers from Texas
American Christian writers
Prophets in Christianity
American Charismatics | [
"John Paul Jackson (July 30, 1950 - February 18, 2015) was an American author, teacher, conference speaker and founder of Streams Ministries International.",
"Jackson often focused on supernatural topics like dreams, visions, and dream interpretation as found in the Bible.",
"He developed a number of prophetic training courses.",
"He was the host of Dreams & Mysteries with John Paul Jackson found on Daystar.",
"He was also a recurring guest on many shows that include The 700 Club, Sid Roth's It's Supernatural, Benny Hinn's This Is Your Day program, and Joni Lamb's Table Talk among others.",
"At one time he was a member of the controversial Kansas City Prophets, whose practice and doctrine came under fire in the 1980s and '90s.",
"He was the founder of Streams Ministries International, a Christian group that deals especially with the practice known as prophecy.",
"Jackson's career spanned more than 20 years.",
"He served as the senior pastor of two churches, and he also served on the pastoral staff at the Vineyard Movement's Christian Fellowship in Anaheim, California (with John Wimber) and at the former Metro Christian Fellowship in Kansas City, Missouri (with Mike Bickle).",
"In 1997, Jackson launched The Streams Institute for Spiritual Development, a training program for mentoring those who claim to have revelatory gifts.",
"By 2003, more than 12,000 students had enrolled in his courses, which have been held in Canada, Scotland, Poland, England, Switzerland, and Ukraine.",
"In the summer of 2001, Jackson moved his headquarters to the Lake Sunapee region of New Hampshire.",
"In 2008, Jackson relocated the ministry headquarters to the Dallas–Fort Worth metropolitan area.",
"The Coming Perfect Storm\nIn what Jackson referred to as a revelation from the Lord, he released a statement in 2008 called The Coming Perfect Storm.",
"In this statement, he spoke of a time coming to America and the world in which economic, military, religious, political, and geophysical issues and events would occur in a relatively small period of time to make up a perfect storm of calamity.",
"In the summer of 2009, Jackson was a guest on Sid Roth's It's Supernatural!",
"radio and television program which aired on Trinity Broadcasting Network, The Inspiration Network, GOD TV, Daystar and other regional television stations.",
"In the interview, Jackson describes in detail the events that were revealed to him.",
"\"I saw the year 2010 was going to be very difficult, especially as you get further into 2010.",
"I saw the year, I kept hearing an angel saying in a deep loud voice, 'The woes of 2012.",
"The woes of 2012.",
"The woes of 2012.'",
"I don’t know what those woes are, Sid.",
"The angel did not tell me about those woes.",
"But there was more emphasis on those woes than almost anything else that I was given.\"",
"In a 2011 web video series called \"The Perfect Storm Revisited\", Jackson elaborated more on his original message.",
"In this video, he clarified his earlier statements regarding the year 2012.",
"While stating he still did not know the details of what these \"woes\" were, he affirmed that he did not believe it would be anything on an apocalyptic or global destructive scale (making a reference to the film 2012).",
"The subject of The Perfect Storm has been discussed on multiple mainstream television programs, including Joni Table Talk, and Sid Roth's, It's Supernatural!",
"John Paul Jackson also hosted a monthly live webinar through his Institute for Spiritual Development (ISD), where he often spoke on current and future events that he claimed supported his initial prophecy.",
"Preparing for the Perfect Storm\nPreparing for The Perfect Storm is a John Paul Jackson resource developed to assist with preparing for The Perfect Storm's five elements.",
"It does so by referencing spiritual and practical material, while acting as a portal to news articles that support the prophecies that were first spoken in 2008.",
"The prophecies pertaining to the Perfect Storm have been broken down categorically, as have the news aggregated articles.",
"Periodically, a member of Streams Ministries, which was founded by John Paul Jackson, will write an article under the heading, Symptoms of the Storm, which is intended to bring a compilation of articles together as evidence of The Perfect Storm.",
"He considered mediums and new age material an influence misaligned with scriptural truth.",
"New age materials can create strongholds not of God, but the enemy in disguise preventing truth from being heard.",
"God touched many lives as John Paul and his ministry team touched the lives of many new agers with God’s message.",
"Accordingly, we are to seek God out, like a King who seeks out what is best for his kingdom in regards to answers in our dreams.",
"Declining health\nJackson was diagnosed with cancer in May 2014.",
"Doctors found a huge cancerous growth in his leg.",
"Surgery removed a 12-lb tumour and the operation required 175 stitches.",
"Death\nJackson died on February 18, 2015 following post-cancer treatment complications which left him with pneumonia, pleurisy and secondary tumours on his lungs.",
"He was 64.",
"Publications\nJohn Paul Jackson wrote and self-published several books, many of which have been translated in several languages.",
"He also developed training resources and produced many CD and DVD series, among them:\n\nBooks\nJohn Paul Jackson, 7 Days Behind the Veil (Streams Publishing, 2006).",
"John Paul Jackson, Breaking Free of Rejection (Streams Publishing, 2004).",
"John Paul Jackson, I AM: 365 Names of God Book (Streams Publishing, 2002).",
"John Paul Jackson, Unmasking the Jezebel Spirit (Streams Publishing, 2002).",
"John Paul Jackson, Buying & selling the souls of our children : a closer look at Pokémon (Streams Publishing, 2000).",
"John Paul Jackson, Needless Casualties of War (Streams Publishing, 1999).",
"CDs/DVDs\nJohn Paul Jackson, Power and Authority (2011) Audio CD\nJohn Paul Jackson, Keys to Receiving God's Justice (2009) DVD\nJohn Paul Jackson, The Kingdom of God in Turbulent Times (2009) DVD\nJohn Paul Jackson, The Coming Perfect Storm (2008) DVD\nJohn Paul Jackson, Understanding Dreams & Visions (2007) Audio CD\n\nCourses authored and developed by John Paul Jackson\nJohn Paul Jackson, The Art of Hearing God (1997–2011)\nJohn Paul Jackson, Understanding Dreams and Visions (1997–2011)\nJohn Paul Jackson, Advanced Prophetic Ministry (1997–2011)\nJohn Paul Jackson, Advanced Workshop in Dreams and Visions (1997–2011)\n\nFootnotes\n\nExternal links\nDreams & Mysteries\nStreams Ministries\nJohn Paul Jackson Ministries\nJohn Paul Jackson's Facebook Fan Page\nA John Paul Jackson Resource\n\nAmerican Christian religious leaders\nPeople from Fort Worth, Texas\n1950 births\n2015 deaths\nWriters from Texas\nAmerican Christian writers\nProphets in Christianity\nAmerican Charismatics"
] | [
"John Paul Jackson was an American author, teacher, conference speaker and founder of Streams Ministries International.",
"Jackson was interested in dreams, visions, and dream interpretation as found in the Bible.",
"He created a number of prophetic training courses.",
"He hosted Dreams & Mysteries with John Paul Jackson.",
"He was a frequent guest on many shows, including The 700 Club, It's Supernatural, and This Is Your Day.",
"The practice and doctrine of the Kansas City Prophets came under fire in the 1980's and 90's.",
"He founded Streams Ministries International, a Christian group that deals with prophecy.",
"Jackson's career lasted more than 20 years.",
"He was the senior pastor of two churches, as well as the pastoral staff at the Vineyard Movement's Christian Fellowship in Anaheim, California, and the former Metro Christian Fellowship in Kansas City, Missouri.",
"The Streams Institute for Spiritual Development was launched in 1997 by Jackson.",
"His courses have been held in Canada, Scotland, Poland, England, Switzerland, and Ukraine.",
"Jackson moved his headquarters to the Lake Sunapee region in 2001.",
"Jackson relocated the ministry headquarters to the Dallas–Fort Worth metropolitan area.",
"Jackson released a statement in 2008 called The Coming Perfect Storm.",
"He spoke of a time coming to America and the world in which economic, military, religious, political, and geophysical issues would occur in a relatively small period of time to make up a perfect storm of calamity.",
"Jackson was a guest on It's Supernatural! in the summer of 2009.",
"Trinity Broadcasting Network, The Inspiration Network, GOD TV, Daystar and other regional television stations broadcasted the program.",
"Jackson describes in detail the events that happened to him in the interview.",
"2010 was going to be very difficult, especially as you get further into the year.",
"I heard an angel say \"The woes of 2012\" as I saw the year.",
"The problems of the year.",
"The problems of 2012",
"I don't know what those problems are.",
"The angel didn't tell me about the problems.",
"There was more focus on those troubles than anything else I was given.",
"Jackson elaborated more on his original message in a web video series.",
"He clarified his earlier statements in this video.",
"He affirmed that he did not believe it would be anything on an apocalyptic or global destructive scale, even though he still did not know the details of what these \"woes\" were.",
"The subject of The Perfect Storm has been discussed on several television programs.",
"John Paul Jackson hosted a monthly live webinars through his Institute for Spiritual Development, where he spoke on current and future events that he claimed supported his initial prophecy.",
"Preparing for the Perfect Storm is a John Paul Jackson resource developed to assist with preparing for The Perfect Storm's five elements.",
"It acts as a portal to news articles that support the prophecies that were first spoken in 2008 by referencing spiritual and practical material.",
"The news aggregated articles have broken down the prophecies pertaining to the Perfect Storm.",
"A member of Streams Ministries, founded by John Paul Jackson, will occasionally write an article under the heading, Symptoms of the Storm, which is intended to bring a collection of articles together as evidence of The Perfect Storm.",
"He considered the influence of new age material on scriptural truth.",
"The enemy in disguise can create strongholds that are not of God.",
"John Paul and his team touched the lives of many new agers with their message.",
"Like a King who seeks out what is best for his kingdom in regards to answers in his dreams, we are to seek God out.",
"Jackson was diagnosed with cancer.",
"He had a growth in his leg.",
"175 stitches were needed for the surgery to remove a 12-lb tumour.",
"Death Jackson died on February 18, 2015, after a series of health problems, including lung cancer.",
"He was 64 years old.",
"John Paul Jackson's books have been translated into several languages.",
"Books John Paul Jackson, 7 days behind the veil and many other CD and DVD series were produced by him.",
"John Paul Jackson wrote Break Free of Rejection.",
"John Paul Jackson wrote a book about names of God.",
"John Paul Jackson wrote Unmasking the Jezebel Spirit.",
"Buying & selling the souls of our children is a book by John Paul Jackson.",
"John Paul Jackson wrote Needless Casualties of War.",
"John Paul Jackson, Power and Authority, Keys to receiving God's justice, The Kingdom of God in Turbulent Times, and The Coming Perfect Storm are all CDs/DVDs."
] | <mask> (July 30, 1950 - February 18, 2015) was an American author, teacher, conference speaker and founder of Streams Ministries International. <mask> often focused on supernatural topics like dreams, visions, and dream interpretation as found in the Bible. He developed a number of prophetic training courses. He was the host of Dreams & Mysteries with <mask> found on Daystar. He was also a recurring guest on many shows that include The 700 Club, Sid Roth's It's Supernatural, Benny Hinn's This Is Your Day program, and Joni Lamb's Table Talk among others. At one time he was a member of the controversial Kansas City Prophets, whose practice and doctrine came under fire in the 1980s and '90s. He was the founder of Streams Ministries International, a Christian group that deals especially with the practice known as prophecy.<mask>'s career spanned more than 20 years. He served as the senior pastor of two churches, and he also served on the pastoral staff at the Vineyard Movement's Christian Fellowship in Anaheim, California (with <mask>) and at the former Metro Christian Fellowship in Kansas City, Missouri (with Mike Bickle). In 1997, <mask> launched The Streams Institute for Spiritual Development, a training program for mentoring those who claim to have revelatory gifts. By 2003, more than 12,000 students had enrolled in his courses, which have been held in Canada, Scotland, Poland, England, Switzerland, and Ukraine. In the summer of 2001, <mask> moved his headquarters to the Lake Sunapee region of New Hampshire. In 2008, <mask> relocated the ministry headquarters to the Dallas–Fort Worth metropolitan area. The Coming Perfect Storm
In what <mask> referred to as a revelation from the Lord, he released a statement in 2008 called The Coming Perfect Storm.In this statement, he spoke of a time coming to America and the world in which economic, military, religious, political, and geophysical issues and events would occur in a relatively small period of time to make up a perfect storm of calamity. In the summer of 2009, <mask> was a guest on Sid Roth's It's Supernatural! radio and television program which aired on Trinity Broadcasting Network, The Inspiration Network, GOD TV, Daystar and other regional television stations. In the interview, <mask> describes in detail the events that were revealed to him. "I saw the year 2010 was going to be very difficult, especially as you get further into 2010. I saw the year, I kept hearing an angel saying in a deep loud voice, 'The woes of 2012. The woes of 2012.The woes of 2012.' I don’t know what those woes are, Sid. The angel did not tell me about those woes. But there was more emphasis on those woes than almost anything else that I was given." In a 2011 web video series called "The Perfect Storm Revisited", <mask> elaborated more on his original message. In this video, he clarified his earlier statements regarding the year 2012. While stating he still did not know the details of what these "woes" were, he affirmed that he did not believe it would be anything on an apocalyptic or global destructive scale (making a reference to the film 2012).The subject of The Perfect Storm has been discussed on multiple mainstream television programs, including Joni Table Talk, and Sid Roth's, It's Supernatural! <mask> <mask> also hosted a monthly live webinar through his Institute for Spiritual Development (ISD), where he often spoke on current and future events that he claimed supported his initial prophecy. Preparing for the Perfect Storm
Preparing for The Perfect Storm is a <mask> <mask> resource developed to assist with preparing for The Perfect Storm's five elements. It does so by referencing spiritual and practical material, while acting as a portal to news articles that support the prophecies that were first spoken in 2008. The prophecies pertaining to the Perfect Storm have been broken down categorically, as have the news aggregated articles. Periodically, a member of Streams Ministries, which was founded by <mask> <mask>, will write an article under the heading, Symptoms of the Storm, which is intended to bring a compilation of articles together as evidence of The Perfect Storm. He considered mediums and new age material an influence misaligned with scriptural truth.New age materials can create strongholds not of God, but the enemy in disguise preventing truth from being heard. God touched many lives as <mask> and his ministry team touched the lives of many new agers with God’s message. Accordingly, we are to seek God out, like a King who seeks out what is best for his kingdom in regards to answers in our dreams. Declining health
<mask> was diagnosed with cancer in May 2014. Doctors found a huge cancerous growth in his leg. Surgery removed a 12-lb tumour and the operation required 175 stitches. Death
<mask> died on February 18, 2015 following post-cancer treatment complications which left him with pneumonia, pleurisy and secondary tumours on his lungs.He was 64. Publications
<mask> <mask> wrote and self-published several books, many of which have been translated in several languages. He also developed training resources and produced many CD and DVD series, among them:
Books
<mask> <mask>, 7 Days Behind the Veil (Streams Publishing, 2006). <mask> <mask>, Breaking Free of Rejection (Streams Publishing, 2004). <mask> <mask>, I AM: 365 Names of God Book (Streams Publishing, 2002). <mask> <mask>, Unmasking the Jezebel Spirit (Streams Publishing, 2002). <mask> <mask>, Buying & selling the souls of our children : a closer look at Pokémon (Streams Publishing, 2000).<mask> <mask>, Needless Casualties of War (Streams Publishing, 1999). CDs/DVDs
<mask> <mask>, Power and Authority (2011) Audio CD
<mask> <mask>, Keys to Receiving God's Justice (2009) DVD
<mask> <mask>, The Kingdom of God in Turbulent Times (2009) DVD
<mask> <mask>, The Coming Perfect Storm (2008) DVD
<mask> <mask>, Understanding Dreams & Visions (2007) Audio CD
Courses authored and developed by <mask> <mask> <mask>, The Art of Hearing God (1997–2011)
<mask> <mask>, Understanding Dreams and Visions (1997–2011)
<mask> <mask>, Advanced Prophetic Ministry (1997–2011)
<mask> <mask>, Advanced Workshop in Dreams and Visions (1997–2011)
Footnotes
External links
Dreams & Mysteries
Streams Ministries
<mask> <mask> Ministries
<mask> <mask>'s Facebook Fan Page
A <mask> Paul <mask> Resource
American Christian religious leaders
People from Fort Worth, Texas
1950 births
2015 deaths
Writers from Texas
American Christian writers
Prophets in Christianity
American Charismatics | [
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] | <mask> was an American author, teacher, conference speaker and founder of Streams Ministries International. <mask> was interested in dreams, visions, and dream interpretation as found in the Bible. He created a number of prophetic training courses. He hosted Dreams & Mysteries with <mask>. He was a frequent guest on many shows, including The 700 Club, It's Supernatural, and This Is Your Day. The practice and doctrine of the Kansas City Prophets came under fire in the 1980's and 90's. He founded Streams Ministries International, a Christian group that deals with prophecy.<mask>'s career lasted more than 20 years. He was the senior pastor of two churches, as well as the pastoral staff at the Vineyard Movement's Christian Fellowship in Anaheim, California, and the former Metro Christian Fellowship in Kansas City, Missouri. The Streams Institute for Spiritual Development was launched in 1997 by <mask>. His courses have been held in Canada, Scotland, Poland, England, Switzerland, and Ukraine. <mask> moved his headquarters to the Lake Sunapee region in 2001. <mask> relocated the ministry headquarters to the Dallas–Fort Worth metropolitan area. <mask> released a statement in 2008 called The Coming Perfect Storm.He spoke of a time coming to America and the world in which economic, military, religious, political, and geophysical issues would occur in a relatively small period of time to make up a perfect storm of calamity. <mask> was a guest on It's Supernatural! in the summer of 2009. Trinity Broadcasting Network, The Inspiration Network, GOD TV, Daystar and other regional television stations broadcasted the program. <mask> describes in detail the events that happened to him in the interview. 2010 was going to be very difficult, especially as you get further into the year. I heard an angel say "The woes of 2012" as I saw the year. The problems of the year.The problems of 2012 I don't know what those problems are. The angel didn't tell me about the problems. There was more focus on those troubles than anything else I was given. <mask> elaborated more on his original message in a web video series. He clarified his earlier statements in this video. He affirmed that he did not believe it would be anything on an apocalyptic or global destructive scale, even though he still did not know the details of what these "woes" were.The subject of The Perfect Storm has been discussed on several television programs. <mask> <mask> hosted a monthly live webinars through his Institute for Spiritual Development, where he spoke on current and future events that he claimed supported his initial prophecy. Preparing for the Perfect Storm is a <mask> <mask> resource developed to assist with preparing for The Perfect Storm's five elements. It acts as a portal to news articles that support the prophecies that were first spoken in 2008 by referencing spiritual and practical material. The news aggregated articles have broken down the prophecies pertaining to the Perfect Storm. A member of Streams Ministries, founded by <mask> <mask>, will occasionally write an article under the heading, Symptoms of the Storm, which is intended to bring a collection of articles together as evidence of The Perfect Storm. He considered the influence of new age material on scriptural truth.The enemy in disguise can create strongholds that are not of God. <mask> and his team touched the lives of many new agers with their message. Like a King who seeks out what is best for his kingdom in regards to answers in his dreams, we are to seek God out. <mask> was diagnosed with cancer. He had a growth in his leg. 175 stitches were needed for the surgery to remove a 12-lb tumour. Death <mask> died on February 18, 2015, after a series of health problems, including lung cancer.He was 64 years old. <mask> <mask>'s books have been translated into several languages. Books <mask> <mask>, 7 days behind the veil and many other CD and DVD series were produced by him. <mask> <mask> wrote Break Free of Rejection. <mask> <mask> wrote a book about names of God. <mask> <mask> wrote Unmasking the Jezebel Spirit. Buying & selling the souls of our children is a book by <mask> <mask>.<mask> <mask> wrote Needless Casualties of War. <mask> <mask>, Power and Authority, Keys to receiving God's justice, The Kingdom of God in Turbulent Times, and The Coming Perfect Storm are all CDs/DVDs. | [
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38268805 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gediminas | Gediminas | Gediminas (, ; – December 1341) was Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1315 or 1316 until his death. He is credited with founding this political entity and expanding its territory which later spanned the area ranging from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea. Also seen as one of the most significant individuals in early Lithuanian history, he was responsible for both building Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania, and establishing a dynasty that later came to rule other European countries such as Poland, Hungary and Bohemia.
As part of his legacy, he gained a reputation for being a champion of paganism, who successfully diverted attempts to Christianize his country by skillful negotiations with the Pope and other Christian rulers.
Biography
Origin
Gediminas was born in about 1275. Because written sources of the era are scarce, Gediminas' ancestry, early life, and assumption of the title of Grand Duke in ca. 1316 are obscure and continue to be the subject of scholarly debate. Various theories have claimed that Gediminas was either his predecessor Grand Duke Vytenis' son, his brother, his cousin, or his hostler. For several centuries only two versions of his origins circulated. Chronicles — written long after Gediminas' death by the Teutonic Knights, a long-standing enemy of Lithuania — claimed that Gediminas was a hostler to Vytenis; according to these chronicles, Gediminas killed his master and assumed the throne. Another version introduced in the Lithuanian Chronicles, which also appeared long after Gediminas' death, proclaimed that Gediminas was Vytenis' son. However, the two men were almost the same age, making this relationship unlikely.
Recent research indicates that Gediminias' ancestor may have been Skalmantas. In 1974 historian Jerzy Ochmański noted that Zadonshchina, a poem from the end of the 14th century, contains a line in which two sons of Algirdas name their ancestors: "We are two brothers – sons of Algirdas, and grandsons of Gediminas, and great-grandsons of Skalmantas." This discovery led to the belief that Skalmantas was the long-sought ancestor of the Gediminids. Ochmański posited that the poem skipped the generation represented by Butvydas, and jumped back to the unknown ancestor. Baranauskas disagrees, believing Skalmantas was Butvydas' brother rather than his father, and that Vytenis and Gediminas were therefore cousins.
Gediminas became the Grand Duke in 1316 at the age of 40 and ruled for 25 years.
German sources also titled Gediminas as Rex de Owsteiten ().
Choice of religion
He inherited a vast domain, comprising Lithuania proper, Samogitia, Navahrudak, Podlasie, Polotsk and Minsk. However, these possessions were all environed by the Teutonic Knights and the Livonian Order, which had long been the enemies of the state. Gediminas allied himself with the Tatars against the Teutonic Order in 1319.
The systematic raiding of Lithuania by the knights under the pretext of converting it had long since united all the Lithuanian tribes, but Gediminas aimed at establishing a dynasty which should make Lithuania not merely secure but powerful, and for this purpose he entered into direct diplomatic negotiations with the Holy See as well. At the end of 1322, he sent letters to Pope John XXII soliciting his protection against the persecution of the knights, informing him of the privileges already granted to the Dominicans and Franciscans in Lithuania for the preaching of God's Word. Gediminas also asked that legates should be dispatched to him in order to be baptized. This action was supported by the Archbishop of Riga, Frederic Lobestat. Following these events, peace between the Duchy and the Livonian Order was eventually conducted on 2 October 1323.
On receiving a favourable reply from the Holy See, Gediminas issued circular letters, dated 25 January 1325, to the principal Hanseatic towns, offering a free access into his domains to men of every order and profession from nobles and knights to tillers of the soil. The immigrants were to choose their own settlements and be governed by their own laws. Priests and monks were also invited to come and build churches at Vilnius and Navahrudak. In October 1323, representatives of the archbishop of Riga, the bishop of Dorpat, the king of Denmark, the Dominican and Franciscan orders, and the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order assembled at Vilnius, when Gediminas confirmed his promises and undertook to be baptised as soon as the papal legates arrived. A compact was then signed at Vilnius, in the name of the whole Christian World, between Gediminas and the delegates, confirming the promised privileges.
Thus his raid upon Dobrzyń, the latest acquisition of the knights on Polish soil, speedily gave them a ready weapon against him. The Prussian bishops, who were devoted to the knights, questioned the authority of Gediminas' letters and denounced him as an enemy of the faith at a synod in Elbing; his Orthodox subjects reproached him with leaning towards the Latin heresy, while the pagan Lithuanians accused him of abandoning the ancient gods. Gediminas disentangled himself from his difficulties by repudiating his former promises; by refusing to receive the papal legates who arrived at Riga in September 1323, and by dismissing the Franciscans from his territories. These apparently retrogressive measures simply amounted to a statesmanlike recognition of the fact that the pagan element was still the strongest force in Lithuania, and could not yet be dispensed with in the coming struggle for nationality. Even though power rested firmly in the hands of the pagans more than twice as many Orthodox Christians lived in his realm than there were pagans inside it.
At the same time Gediminas privately informed the papal legates at Riga through his ambassadors that his difficult position compelled him to postpone his steadfast resolve of being baptised, and the legates showed their confidence in him by forbidding the neighbouring states to war against Lithuania for the next four years, besides ratifying the treaty made between Gediminas and the archbishop of Riga. Nevertheless, disregarding the censures of the church, the Order resumed the war with Gediminas by murdering one of his delegates sent to welcome the Grand Master for his arrival to Riga in 1325. He had in the meantime improved his position by an alliance with Wladislaus Lokietek, king of Poland, and had his daughter Aldona baptized for the sake of betrothing her to Władysław's son Casimir III.
An alternative view of these events was proposed by a British historian, Stephen Christopher Rowell, where he believes that Gediminas never intended to become a Christian himself, since that would have offended the staunchly pagan inhabitants of Žemaitija and Aukštaitija. Both the pagans of Aukštaitija and the Orthodox Rus' threatened Gediminas with death if he decided to convert; a similar scenario also happened to Mindaugas, which he desperately wanted to avoid.
His strategy was to gain the support of the Pope and other Catholic powers in his conflict with the Teutonic Order by granting a favourable status to Catholics living within his realm and feigning a personal interest in the Christian religion. While he allowed Catholic clergy to enter his realm for the purpose of ministering to his Catholic subjects and to temporary residents, he savagely punished any attempt to convert pagan Lithuanians or to insult their native religion. Thus in about 1339–1340 he executed two Franciscan friars from Bohemia, Ulrich and Martin, who had gone beyond the authority granted them and had publicly preached against the Lithuanian religion. Gediminas ordered them to renounce Christianity, and had them killed when they refused. Five more friars were executed in 1369 for the same offence.
Despite Gediminas' chief goal to save Lithuania from destruction at the hands of the Germans, he still died as a pagan reigning over semi-pagan lands. Also, he was equally bound to his pagan kinsmen in Samogitia, to his Orthodox subjects in Belarus, and to his Catholic allies in Masovia. Therefore, it is still unclear whether the letters sent to the Pope were an actual request for conversion or simply a diplomatic maneuver.
The Jewish community of Lithuania prospered during his reign.
Incorporation of Ruthenian lands
While on his guard against his northern foes, Gediminas from 1316 to 1340 was aggrandizing himself at the expense of the numerous Ruthenian principalities in the south and east, whose incessant conflicts with each other wrought the ruin of them all. Here Gediminas triumphal progress was irresistible; but the various stages of it are impossible to follow, the sources of its history being few and conflicting, and the date of every salient event exceedingly doubtful. One of his most important territorial accretions, the principality of Halych-Volynia, was obtained by the marriage of his son Lubart with the daughter of the Galician prince.
From about 23 km (14 mi) south west of Kiev, Gediminas resoundingly defeated Stanislav of Kiev and his allies in the Battle on the Irpin River. He then besieged and conquered Kiev sending Stanislav, the last descendant of the Rurik Dynasty to ever rule Kiev, into exile first in Bryansk and then in Ryazan. Theodor, brother of Gediminas, and Algimantas, son of Mindaugas from the Olshanski family, were installed in Kiev. After these conquests, Lithuania stretched as far as to the Black Sea.
While exploiting Ruthenian weakness in the wake of the Mongol invasion, Gediminas wisely avoided war with the Golden Horde, a great regional power at the time, while expanding Lithuania's border towards the Black Sea. He also secured an alliance with the nascent Grand Duchy of Moscow by marrying his daughter, Anastasia, to the grand duke Simeon. But he was strong enough to counterpoise the influence of Muscovy in northern Russia, and assisted the republic of Pskov, which acknowledged his overlordship, to break away from Great Novgorod.
Domestic affairs and death
His internal administration bears all the marks of a wise ruler. He protected the Catholic as well as the Orthodox clergy; he raised the Lithuanian army to the highest state of efficiency then attainable; defended his borders with a chain of strong fortresses and built numerous castles in towns including Vilnius. At first he moved the capital to the newly built town of Trakai, but in c. 1320 re-established a permanent capital in Vilnius.
Gediminas died in 1341, presumably killed during a coup d'état. He was cremated as a part of a fully pagan ceremony in 1342, which included a human sacrifice, with his favourite servant and several German slaves being burned on the pyre with the corpse. All these facts assert that Gediminas most likely remained entirely faithful to his native Lithuanian religion, and that his feigned interest in Catholicism was simply a ruse designed to gain allies against the Teutonic Order.
He was succeeded by one of his sons, Jaunutis, who was unable to control the unrest in the country, as a result of which he was deposed in 1345 by his brother Algirdas.
Legacy
He was a founder of a new Lithuanian dynasty; the Gediminids, and laid the foundations of the state's expansion while sometimes referred as the "true" state founder.
In modern historiography, he is also regarded as founder of Vilnius, the modern capital of Lithuania. According to a legend, possibly set in 1322 while he was on a hunting trip, he dreamt of an iron clad wolf, who stood on a hill, howling in an odd manner as if thousand of wolves would be howling at once. He consulted his vision with his priest Lizdeika who told him the dream spoke of a city that must be built at the exact place and decided to build a fortification on the confluence of rivers Vilnia and Neris, where the place of his vision was pointed out. This event inspired the Romantic movement, particularly Adam Mickiewicz, who gave the story a poetic form.
Gediminas is depicted on a silver Litas commemorative coin, issued in 1996.
The Lithuanian folk music group Kūlgrinda released an album in 2009 titled Giesmės Valdovui Gediminui, meaning "Hymns to Ruler Gediminas".
Name Gediminas is very popular in Lithuania.
Gediminas (as Hiedymin or Gedymin) is also widely celebrated in Belarus as an important figure of national history.
In September 2019, a monument to Gediminas was unveiled in Lida.
Titles
Gediminas' normal Latin style is as follows:
Which translates as:
"Gediminas, by the grace of God, king of the Lithuanians and many Ruthenians"
More titles: Rex paganus Lytaonie, Illustri principi domino Gedemynde Dei gratia Lethwinorum Ruthenorumque regi, regem Lithuaniae Godemunde Dei gratia Lethwinorum Ruthenorumque regi, item predecessor noster rex Viten, Gedeminne Dei gratia Letphanorum Ruthenorumque rex, princeps et dux Semigallie, in civitate nostra regia dicta Vilna, civitate nostra regia Vilna, sub speciali forma et sigillo regio regis Letphanorum presentaverunt, S DEI GRACIA GEDEMINNI Lethwinor et Rutkenor Reg, rex Litwinorum, illustris domini Regis Letwinorum, Ghodeminne de koningh van Lettowen, Gedeminne Letwinorum et multorum Ruthenorum rex, et Olgherdem, Keystutten fratres reges Lethovie, kunge der Littouwin, koning Gedeminne van Lettowen, Gedeminne de koninge van Lethowen.
http://www.epaveldas.lt/recordText/LNB/C1B0002960629/Gedimino_laiskai.html?exId=315462&seqNr=4
In his letters to the papacy in 1322 and 1323, he adds Princeps et Dux Semigalliae (Prince and Duke of Semigallia). In contemporary Low German he is styled simply Koningh van Lettowen, mirroring the Latin Rex Lethowyae (both meaning "King of Lithuania"). Gediminas' right to use the Latin rex, which the papacy had been claiming the right to grant from the 13th century onwards, was not universally recognized in Catholic sources. Thus, he was called rex sive dux ("King or Duke") in one source; Pope John XXII, in a letter to the King of France, referred to Gediminas as "the one who calls himself rex". However, the pope did call Gediminas rex when addressing him (regem sive ducem, "king or duke").
Issue
It is uncertain how many wives Gediminas had. The Bychowiec Chronicle mentions three wives: Vida from Courland; Olga from Smolensk; and Jaunė from Polotsk, who was Eastern Orthodox and died in 1344 or 1345. Most modern historians and reference works say Gediminas' wife was Jewna, dismissing Vida and Olga as fictitious, since no sources other than this chronicle mention the other two wives.
An argument has been advanced that Gediminas had two wives, one pagan and another Orthodox. This case is supported only by the Jüngere Hochmeisterchronik, a late 15th-century chronicle, mentioning Narimantas as half-brother to Algirdas. Other historians support this claim by arguing this would explain Gediminas' otherwise mysterious designation of a middle son, Jaunutis, as his succession would be understandable if Jaunutis were the first-born son of Gediminas and a second wife.
He is said to have left seven sons and six daughters including:
Manvydas (Duchy of Kernavė) (c. 1288–1348)
Narimantas (Duchy of Polatsk)
Karijotas (Duchy of Navhrudak, Black Ruthenia)
Jaunutis (Duchy of Zaslawye) initially ruled Vilnius after the death of his father
Algirdas (Duchy of Vitebsk)
Kęstutis (Duchy of Trakai and protectorate of Duchy of Samogitia)
Vytautas
Maria, married Dmitry of Tver
Aldona, married Casimir III of Poland
Aigusta, married Simeon of Moscow
Elžbieta, married Wenceslaus of Płock
Eufemija, married Boleslaw-Yuri II of Galicia
Liubartas (Duchy of Lutsk, Volhynia)
See also
Gediminids
Columns of Gediminas
References
Sources
External links
Viduramžių Lietuva
1270s births
1341 deaths
Year of birth uncertain
City founders
Gediminids
Grand Dukes of Lithuania
Lithuanian pagans | [
"Gediminas (, ; – December 1341) was Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1315 or 1316 until his death.",
"He is credited with founding this political entity and expanding its territory which later spanned the area ranging from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea.",
"Also seen as one of the most significant individuals in early Lithuanian history, he was responsible for both building Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania, and establishing a dynasty that later came to rule other European countries such as Poland, Hungary and Bohemia.",
"As part of his legacy, he gained a reputation for being a champion of paganism, who successfully diverted attempts to Christianize his country by skillful negotiations with the Pope and other Christian rulers.",
"Biography\n\nOrigin\nGediminas was born in about 1275.",
"Because written sources of the era are scarce, Gediminas' ancestry, early life, and assumption of the title of Grand Duke in ca.",
"1316 are obscure and continue to be the subject of scholarly debate.",
"Various theories have claimed that Gediminas was either his predecessor Grand Duke Vytenis' son, his brother, his cousin, or his hostler.",
"For several centuries only two versions of his origins circulated.",
"Chronicles — written long after Gediminas' death by the Teutonic Knights, a long-standing enemy of Lithuania — claimed that Gediminas was a hostler to Vytenis; according to these chronicles, Gediminas killed his master and assumed the throne.",
"Another version introduced in the Lithuanian Chronicles, which also appeared long after Gediminas' death, proclaimed that Gediminas was Vytenis' son.",
"However, the two men were almost the same age, making this relationship unlikely.",
"Recent research indicates that Gediminias' ancestor may have been Skalmantas.",
"In 1974 historian Jerzy Ochmański noted that Zadonshchina, a poem from the end of the 14th century, contains a line in which two sons of Algirdas name their ancestors: \"We are two brothers – sons of Algirdas, and grandsons of Gediminas, and great-grandsons of Skalmantas.\"",
"This discovery led to the belief that Skalmantas was the long-sought ancestor of the Gediminids.",
"Ochmański posited that the poem skipped the generation represented by Butvydas, and jumped back to the unknown ancestor.",
"Baranauskas disagrees, believing Skalmantas was Butvydas' brother rather than his father, and that Vytenis and Gediminas were therefore cousins.",
"Gediminas became the Grand Duke in 1316 at the age of 40 and ruled for 25 years.",
"German sources also titled Gediminas as Rex de Owsteiten ().",
"Choice of religion\nHe inherited a vast domain, comprising Lithuania proper, Samogitia, Navahrudak, Podlasie, Polotsk and Minsk.",
"However, these possessions were all environed by the Teutonic Knights and the Livonian Order, which had long been the enemies of the state.",
"Gediminas allied himself with the Tatars against the Teutonic Order in 1319.",
"The systematic raiding of Lithuania by the knights under the pretext of converting it had long since united all the Lithuanian tribes, but Gediminas aimed at establishing a dynasty which should make Lithuania not merely secure but powerful, and for this purpose he entered into direct diplomatic negotiations with the Holy See as well.",
"At the end of 1322, he sent letters to Pope John XXII soliciting his protection against the persecution of the knights, informing him of the privileges already granted to the Dominicans and Franciscans in Lithuania for the preaching of God's Word.",
"Gediminas also asked that legates should be dispatched to him in order to be baptized.",
"This action was supported by the Archbishop of Riga, Frederic Lobestat.",
"Following these events, peace between the Duchy and the Livonian Order was eventually conducted on 2 October 1323.",
"On receiving a favourable reply from the Holy See, Gediminas issued circular letters, dated 25 January 1325, to the principal Hanseatic towns, offering a free access into his domains to men of every order and profession from nobles and knights to tillers of the soil.",
"The immigrants were to choose their own settlements and be governed by their own laws.",
"Priests and monks were also invited to come and build churches at Vilnius and Navahrudak.",
"In October 1323, representatives of the archbishop of Riga, the bishop of Dorpat, the king of Denmark, the Dominican and Franciscan orders, and the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order assembled at Vilnius, when Gediminas confirmed his promises and undertook to be baptised as soon as the papal legates arrived.",
"A compact was then signed at Vilnius, in the name of the whole Christian World, between Gediminas and the delegates, confirming the promised privileges.",
"Thus his raid upon Dobrzyń, the latest acquisition of the knights on Polish soil, speedily gave them a ready weapon against him.",
"The Prussian bishops, who were devoted to the knights, questioned the authority of Gediminas' letters and denounced him as an enemy of the faith at a synod in Elbing; his Orthodox subjects reproached him with leaning towards the Latin heresy, while the pagan Lithuanians accused him of abandoning the ancient gods.",
"Gediminas disentangled himself from his difficulties by repudiating his former promises; by refusing to receive the papal legates who arrived at Riga in September 1323, and by dismissing the Franciscans from his territories.",
"These apparently retrogressive measures simply amounted to a statesmanlike recognition of the fact that the pagan element was still the strongest force in Lithuania, and could not yet be dispensed with in the coming struggle for nationality.",
"Even though power rested firmly in the hands of the pagans more than twice as many Orthodox Christians lived in his realm than there were pagans inside it.",
"At the same time Gediminas privately informed the papal legates at Riga through his ambassadors that his difficult position compelled him to postpone his steadfast resolve of being baptised, and the legates showed their confidence in him by forbidding the neighbouring states to war against Lithuania for the next four years, besides ratifying the treaty made between Gediminas and the archbishop of Riga.",
"Nevertheless, disregarding the censures of the church, the Order resumed the war with Gediminas by murdering one of his delegates sent to welcome the Grand Master for his arrival to Riga in 1325.",
"He had in the meantime improved his position by an alliance with Wladislaus Lokietek, king of Poland, and had his daughter Aldona baptized for the sake of betrothing her to Władysław's son Casimir III.",
"An alternative view of these events was proposed by a British historian, Stephen Christopher Rowell, where he believes that Gediminas never intended to become a Christian himself, since that would have offended the staunchly pagan inhabitants of Žemaitija and Aukštaitija.",
"Both the pagans of Aukštaitija and the Orthodox Rus' threatened Gediminas with death if he decided to convert; a similar scenario also happened to Mindaugas, which he desperately wanted to avoid.",
"His strategy was to gain the support of the Pope and other Catholic powers in his conflict with the Teutonic Order by granting a favourable status to Catholics living within his realm and feigning a personal interest in the Christian religion.",
"While he allowed Catholic clergy to enter his realm for the purpose of ministering to his Catholic subjects and to temporary residents, he savagely punished any attempt to convert pagan Lithuanians or to insult their native religion.",
"Thus in about 1339–1340 he executed two Franciscan friars from Bohemia, Ulrich and Martin, who had gone beyond the authority granted them and had publicly preached against the Lithuanian religion.",
"Gediminas ordered them to renounce Christianity, and had them killed when they refused.",
"Five more friars were executed in 1369 for the same offence.",
"Despite Gediminas' chief goal to save Lithuania from destruction at the hands of the Germans, he still died as a pagan reigning over semi-pagan lands.",
"Also, he was equally bound to his pagan kinsmen in Samogitia, to his Orthodox subjects in Belarus, and to his Catholic allies in Masovia.",
"Therefore, it is still unclear whether the letters sent to the Pope were an actual request for conversion or simply a diplomatic maneuver.",
"The Jewish community of Lithuania prospered during his reign.",
"Incorporation of Ruthenian lands\n\nWhile on his guard against his northern foes, Gediminas from 1316 to 1340 was aggrandizing himself at the expense of the numerous Ruthenian principalities in the south and east, whose incessant conflicts with each other wrought the ruin of them all.",
"Here Gediminas triumphal progress was irresistible; but the various stages of it are impossible to follow, the sources of its history being few and conflicting, and the date of every salient event exceedingly doubtful.",
"One of his most important territorial accretions, the principality of Halych-Volynia, was obtained by the marriage of his son Lubart with the daughter of the Galician prince.",
"From about 23 km (14 mi) south west of Kiev, Gediminas resoundingly defeated Stanislav of Kiev and his allies in the Battle on the Irpin River.",
"He then besieged and conquered Kiev sending Stanislav, the last descendant of the Rurik Dynasty to ever rule Kiev, into exile first in Bryansk and then in Ryazan.",
"Theodor, brother of Gediminas, and Algimantas, son of Mindaugas from the Olshanski family, were installed in Kiev.",
"After these conquests, Lithuania stretched as far as to the Black Sea.",
"While exploiting Ruthenian weakness in the wake of the Mongol invasion, Gediminas wisely avoided war with the Golden Horde, a great regional power at the time, while expanding Lithuania's border towards the Black Sea.",
"He also secured an alliance with the nascent Grand Duchy of Moscow by marrying his daughter, Anastasia, to the grand duke Simeon.",
"But he was strong enough to counterpoise the influence of Muscovy in northern Russia, and assisted the republic of Pskov, which acknowledged his overlordship, to break away from Great Novgorod.",
"Domestic affairs and death\nHis internal administration bears all the marks of a wise ruler.",
"He protected the Catholic as well as the Orthodox clergy; he raised the Lithuanian army to the highest state of efficiency then attainable; defended his borders with a chain of strong fortresses and built numerous castles in towns including Vilnius.",
"At first he moved the capital to the newly built town of Trakai, but in c. 1320 re-established a permanent capital in Vilnius.",
"Gediminas died in 1341, presumably killed during a coup d'état.",
"He was cremated as a part of a fully pagan ceremony in 1342, which included a human sacrifice, with his favourite servant and several German slaves being burned on the pyre with the corpse.",
"All these facts assert that Gediminas most likely remained entirely faithful to his native Lithuanian religion, and that his feigned interest in Catholicism was simply a ruse designed to gain allies against the Teutonic Order.",
"He was succeeded by one of his sons, Jaunutis, who was unable to control the unrest in the country, as a result of which he was deposed in 1345 by his brother Algirdas.",
"Legacy\n\nHe was a founder of a new Lithuanian dynasty; the Gediminids, and laid the foundations of the state's expansion while sometimes referred as the \"true\" state founder.",
"In modern historiography, he is also regarded as founder of Vilnius, the modern capital of Lithuania.",
"According to a legend, possibly set in 1322 while he was on a hunting trip, he dreamt of an iron clad wolf, who stood on a hill, howling in an odd manner as if thousand of wolves would be howling at once.",
"He consulted his vision with his priest Lizdeika who told him the dream spoke of a city that must be built at the exact place and decided to build a fortification on the confluence of rivers Vilnia and Neris, where the place of his vision was pointed out.",
"This event inspired the Romantic movement, particularly Adam Mickiewicz, who gave the story a poetic form.",
"Gediminas is depicted on a silver Litas commemorative coin, issued in 1996.",
"The Lithuanian folk music group Kūlgrinda released an album in 2009 titled Giesmės Valdovui Gediminui, meaning \"Hymns to Ruler Gediminas\".",
"Name Gediminas is very popular in Lithuania.",
"Gediminas (as Hiedymin or Gedymin) is also widely celebrated in Belarus as an important figure of national history.",
"In September 2019, a monument to Gediminas was unveiled in Lida.",
"http://www.epaveldas.lt/recordText/LNB/C1B0002960629/Gedimino_laiskai.html?exId=315462&seqNr=4\nIn his letters to the papacy in 1322 and 1323, he adds Princeps et Dux Semigalliae (Prince and Duke of Semigallia).",
"In contemporary Low German he is styled simply Koningh van Lettowen, mirroring the Latin Rex Lethowyae (both meaning \"King of Lithuania\").",
"Gediminas' right to use the Latin rex, which the papacy had been claiming the right to grant from the 13th century onwards, was not universally recognized in Catholic sources.",
"Thus, he was called rex sive dux (\"King or Duke\") in one source; Pope John XXII, in a letter to the King of France, referred to Gediminas as \"the one who calls himself rex\".",
"However, the pope did call Gediminas rex when addressing him (regem sive ducem, \"king or duke\").",
"Issue\n\nIt is uncertain how many wives Gediminas had.",
"The Bychowiec Chronicle mentions three wives: Vida from Courland; Olga from Smolensk; and Jaunė from Polotsk, who was Eastern Orthodox and died in 1344 or 1345.",
"Most modern historians and reference works say Gediminas' wife was Jewna, dismissing Vida and Olga as fictitious, since no sources other than this chronicle mention the other two wives.",
"An argument has been advanced that Gediminas had two wives, one pagan and another Orthodox.",
"This case is supported only by the Jüngere Hochmeisterchronik, a late 15th-century chronicle, mentioning Narimantas as half-brother to Algirdas.",
"Other historians support this claim by arguing this would explain Gediminas' otherwise mysterious designation of a middle son, Jaunutis, as his succession would be understandable if Jaunutis were the first-born son of Gediminas and a second wife.",
"He is said to have left seven sons and six daughters including:\n Manvydas (Duchy of Kernavė) (c. 1288–1348)\n Narimantas (Duchy of Polatsk)\n Karijotas (Duchy of Navhrudak, Black Ruthenia)\n Jaunutis (Duchy of Zaslawye) initially ruled Vilnius after the death of his father\n Algirdas (Duchy of Vitebsk)\n Kęstutis (Duchy of Trakai and protectorate of Duchy of Samogitia)\n Vytautas\n Maria, married Dmitry of Tver\n Aldona, married Casimir III of Poland\n Aigusta, married Simeon of Moscow\n Elžbieta, married Wenceslaus of Płock\n Eufemija, married Boleslaw-Yuri II of Galicia\n Liubartas (Duchy of Lutsk, Volhynia)\n\nSee also\n Gediminids\n Columns of Gediminas\n\nReferences\n\nSources\n\nExternal links\n Viduramžių Lietuva\n\n1270s births\n1341 deaths\nYear of birth uncertain\nCity founders\nGediminids\nGrand Dukes of Lithuania\nLithuanian pagans"
] | [
"The Grand Duke ofLithuania, Gediminas, died in December 1341.",
"He is credited with founding this political entity and expanding its territory which later spanned the area from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea.",
"One of the most significant individuals in early Lithuanian history, he was responsible for establishing a dynasty that later ruled other European countries such as Poland, Hungary and Bohemia.",
"He gained a reputation for being a champion of paganism, who diverted attempts to Christianize his country by skillful negotiations with the Pope and other Christian rulers.",
"Gediminas was born in about 1275.",
"Gediminas' ancestry, early life, and assumption of the title of Grand Duke are not available from written sources.",
"1316 is the subject of scholarly debate.",
"Various theories claim that Gediminas was Grand Duke Vytenis' son, brother, cousin, or hostler.",
"There were only two versions of his origins.",
"According to the chronicles written after Gediminas' death by the Teutonic Knights, Gediminas killed his master and assumed the throne.",
"After Gediminas' death, there was a version of the Lithuanian Chronicles that claimed that Gediminas was Vytenis' son.",
"The two men were almost the same age.",
"Recent research shows that Gediminias' ancestors were Skalmantas.",
"Two sons of Algirdas named their ancestors in the poem Zadonshchina, which was written at the end of the 14th century.",
"The belief was that Skalmantas was the long-sought descendant of the Gediminids.",
"The poem jumped back to the unknown ancestors after skipping the generation represented by Butvydas.",
"Baranauskas believes Skalmantas was Butvydas' brother rather than his father, and that Vytenis and Gediminas were cousins.",
"Gediminas became the Grand Duke at the age of 40 and ruled for 25 years.",
"German sources referred to Gediminas as Rex de Owsteiten.",
"He had a choice of religion.",
"The Teutonic Knights and the Livonian Order were enemies of the state.",
"The Teutonic Order was defeated by Gediminas and the Tatars in 1319.",
"The systematic raiding ofLithuania by the knights under the pretext of converting it had long since united all the Lithuanian tribes, but Gediminas aimed at establishing a dynasty which should makeLithuania not merely secure but powerful, and for this purpose he entered into direct diplomatic negotiations with the Holy See as",
"He sent letters to the Pope at the end of 1322 asking for his protection against the persecution of the knights, as well as notifying him of the privileges already granted to the Dominicans and Franciscans.",
"Legates should be dispatched to him in order to bebaptized.",
"The Archbishop of Riga supported this action.",
"The peace between the Duchy and the Livonian Order was achieved on October 2, 1323.",
"Gediminas issued circular letters to the Hanseatic towns in January of 1325, offering a free access into his domain to men of every order and profession.",
"The immigrants were to make their own decisions.",
"The priests and monks were invited to build churches.",
"In October 1323, representatives of the archbishop of Riga, the bishop of Dorpat, the king of Denmark, the Dominican and Franciscan orders, and the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order assembled at Vilnius, when Gediminas confirmed his promises and undertook to be baptised as soon",
"A compact was signed in the name of the whole Christian World between Gediminas and the delegates.",
"His raid upon Dobrzy, the latest acquisition of the knights on Polish soil, gave them a ready weapon against him.",
"The pagans accused Gediminas of abandoning the faith, while the Orthodox reproached him with leaning towards the Latin heresy, because he questioned the authority of Gediminas' letters.",
"Gediminas was able to disentangle himself from his difficulties by repudiating his previous promises, and by dismissing the Franciscans from his territories.",
"The retrogressive measures amounted to a recognition of the fact that the pagan element was still the strongest force in the country and could not be removed in the coming struggle for nationality.",
"There were more Orthodox Christians in his realm than there were pagans, even though power was firmly in the hands of the pagans.",
"At the same time Gediminas privately informed the papal legates at Riga that his difficult position compelled him to postpone his steadfast resolve of being baptised, and the legates showed their confidence in him by forbidding the neighboring states to war against Lithuania for the next four years.",
"Despite the censures of the church, the Order resumed the war with Gediminas by murdering one of his delegates sent to welcome the Grand Master.",
"Aldona was christened for the sake of marrying Wadysaw's son, and he had an alliance with a king of Poland.",
"Stephen Christopher Rowell, a British historian, believes that Gediminas never intended to become a Christian, since that would have offended the pagan inhabitants of emaitija and Auktaitija.",
"Gediminas was threatened with death by both the pagans of Auktaitija and the Orthodox Rus' if he decided to convert.",
"His strategy was to gain the support of the Pope and other Catholic powers in his conflict with the Teutonic Order by granting a favorable status to Catholics living within his realm and feigning a personal interest in the Christian religion.",
"While he allowed Catholic clergy to enter his realm for the purpose of ministering to his Catholic subjects and to temporary residents, he savagely punished any attempt to convert pagans or insult their native religion.",
"In about 1339–1340, he executed two Franciscan friars from Bohemia who went beyond the authority granted them and preached against theLithuanian religion.",
"They were killed when they refused to convert to Christianity.",
"Five more friars were executed for the same crime.",
"Gediminas died as a pagan, despite his goal to saveLithuania from destruction by the Germans.",
"He was bound to his pagan kinsmen in Samogitia, to his Orthodox subjects in Belarus, and to his Catholic allies in Masovia.",
"It is not clear if the letters sent to the Pope were an actual request for conversion or simply a diplomatic maneuver.",
"The Jewish community prospered during his rule.",
"While on his guard against his northern foes, Gediminas from 1316 to 1340 aggrandized himself at the expense of the Ruthenian principalities in the south and east.",
"Here Gediminas triumphal progress was irresistible, but the various stages of it are impossible to follow, the sources of its history being few and conflicting, and the date of every event exceedingly doubtful.",
"The principality of Halych-Volynia was obtained by his son Lubart's marriage to the daughter of the Galician prince.",
"Gediminas soundly defeated Stanislav and his allies in the Battle on the Irpin River.",
"He sent Stanislav, the last descendant of the Rurik Dynasty to rule Kiev, into exile first in Bryansk and then in Ryazan.",
"Theodor, brother of Gediminas, and Algimantas, son of Mindaugas from the Olshanski family, were installed in Kiev.",
"After these conquests,Lithuania stretched as far as the Black Sea.",
"Gediminas avoided war with the Golden Horde, a great regional power at the time, while expanding Lithuania's border towards the Black Sea.",
"He secured an alliance with the Grand Duchy of Moscow by marrying his daughter.",
"He was strong enough to counter the influence of Muscovy in northern Russia and help the republic of Pskov break away from Great Novgorod.",
"His internal administration bears the marks of a wise ruler.",
"He protected the Catholic as well as the Orthodox clergy, raised the army to the highest state of efficiency, built numerous castles and defended his borders with a chain of strong fortresses.",
"In 1320 he established a permanent capital in Vilnius after moving the capital to Trakai.",
"Gediminas was killed during a coup d'état.",
"His favourite servant and several German slaves were burned on the pyre with his corpse, as part of a pagan ceremony that included a human sacrifice.",
"According to these facts, Gediminas most likely remained faithful to his nativeLithuanian religion, and that his feigned interest in Catholicism was a ruse designed to gain allies against the Teutonic Order.",
"His brother Algirdas deposed him in 1345 because he was unable to control the unrest in the country.",
"He was a founder of a newLithuanian dynasty, the Gediminids, and laid the foundations of the state's expansion.",
"He is thought to be the founder of Vilnius, the modern capital ofLithuania.",
"According to a legend, while on a hunting trip in 1322, he dreamt of an iron clad wolf, who stood on a hill, howling in an odd manner as if thousand of wolves would be howling at the same time.",
"The place of his vision was pointed out to him by his priest Lizdeika, who told him that the dream spoke of a city that must be built at the exact place.",
"The Romantic movement was inspired by this event.",
"Gediminas is depicted on a silver coin.",
"In 2009, the folk music group Klgrinda released an album called Giesms Valdovui Gediminui.",
"InLithuania, the name Gediminas is very popular.",
"Gediminas, also known as Hiedymin or Gedymin, is an important figure of national history.",
"A monument to Gediminas was unveiled in September.",
"In his letters to the papacy in 1322 and 1323, he adds Prince.",
"Koningh van Lettowen is the same as the Latin Rex Lethowyae in Low German.",
"Gediminas' right to use the Latin rex, which the papacy had been claiming the right to grant from the 13th century onwards, was not universally recognized in Catholic sources.",
"Pope John XII referred to Gediminas as \"the one who calls himself rex\" in a letter to the King of France.",
"The pope called Gediminas rex when addressing him.",
"It is not certain how many wives Gediminas had.",
"The wives of Jaun from Polotsk were mentioned in the Bychowiec Chronicle.",
"Most modern historians and reference works say Gediminas' wife was Jewna, since no other sources mention the other two wives.",
"There is an argument that Gediminas had two wives, one pagan and another Orthodox.",
"The Jngere Hochmeisterchronik mentions Narimantas as a half-brother to Algirdas.",
"According to other historians, this would explain Gediminas' designation of a middle son, Jaunutis, as his succession would be understandable if he were the first-born son of Gediminas and a second wife.",
"He is said to have left seven sons and six daughters."
] | <mask> (, ; – December 1341) was Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1315 or 1316 until his death. He is credited with founding this political entity and expanding its territory which later spanned the area ranging from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea. Also seen as one of the most significant individuals in early Lithuanian history, he was responsible for both building Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania, and establishing a dynasty that later came to rule other European countries such as Poland, Hungary and Bohemia. As part of his legacy, he gained a reputation for being a champion of paganism, who successfully diverted attempts to Christianize his country by skillful negotiations with the Pope and other Christian rulers. Biography
Origin
<mask> was born in about 1275. Because written sources of the era are scarce, <mask>' ancestry, early life, and assumption of the title of Grand Duke in ca. 1316 are obscure and continue to be the subject of scholarly debate.Various theories have claimed that <mask> was either his predecessor Grand Duke Vytenis' son, his brother, his cousin, or his hostler. For several centuries only two versions of his origins circulated. Chronicles — written long after <mask>' death by the Teutonic Knights, a long-standing enemy of Lithuania — claimed that <mask> was a hostler to Vytenis; according to these chronicles, <mask> killed his master and assumed the throne. Another version introduced in the Lithuanian Chronicles, which also appeared long after <mask>' death, proclaimed that <mask> was Vytenis' son. However, the two men were almost the same age, making this relationship unlikely. Recent research indicates that Gediminias' ancestor may have been Skalmantas. In 1974 historian Jerzy Ochmański noted that Zadonshchina, a poem from the end of the 14th century, contains a line in which two sons of Algirdas name their ancestors: "We are two brothers – sons of Algirdas, and grandsons of Gediminas, and great-grandsons of Skalmantas."This discovery led to the belief that Skalmantas was the long-sought ancestor of the Gediminids. Ochmański posited that the poem skipped the generation represented by Butvydas, and jumped back to the unknown ancestor. Baranauskas disagrees, believing Skalmantas was Butvydas' brother rather than his father, and that Vytenis and <mask> were therefore cousins. <mask> became the Grand Duke in 1316 at the age of 40 and ruled for 25 years. German sources also titled <mask> as Rex de Owsteiten (). Choice of religion
He inherited a vast domain, comprising Lithuania proper, Samogitia, Navahrudak, Podlasie, Polotsk and Minsk. However, these possessions were all environed by the Teutonic Knights and the Livonian Order, which had long been the enemies of the state.<mask> allied himself with the Tatars against the Teutonic Order in 1319. The systematic raiding of Lithuania by the knights under the pretext of converting it had long since united all the Lithuanian tribes, but <mask> aimed at establishing a dynasty which should make Lithuania not merely secure but powerful, and for this purpose he entered into direct diplomatic negotiations with the Holy See as well. At the end of 1322, he sent letters to Pope John XXII soliciting his protection against the persecution of the knights, informing him of the privileges already granted to the Dominicans and Franciscans in Lithuania for the preaching of God's Word. <mask> also asked that legates should be dispatched to him in order to be baptized. This action was supported by the Archbishop of Riga, Frederic Lobestat. Following these events, peace between the Duchy and the Livonian Order was eventually conducted on 2 October 1323. On receiving a favourable reply from the Holy See, <mask> issued circular letters, dated 25 January 1325, to the principal Hanseatic towns, offering a free access into his domains to men of every order and profession from nobles and knights to tillers of the soil.The immigrants were to choose their own settlements and be governed by their own laws. Priests and monks were also invited to come and build churches at Vilnius and Navahrudak. In October 1323, representatives of the archbishop of Riga, the bishop of Dorpat, the king of Denmark, the Dominican and Franciscan orders, and the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order assembled at Vilnius, when <mask> confirmed his promises and undertook to be baptised as soon as the papal legates arrived. A compact was then signed at Vilnius, in the name of the whole Christian World, between <mask> and the delegates, confirming the promised privileges. Thus his raid upon Dobrzyń, the latest acquisition of the knights on Polish soil, speedily gave them a ready weapon against him. The Prussian bishops, who were devoted to the knights, questioned the authority of <mask>' letters and denounced him as an enemy of the faith at a synod in Elbing; his Orthodox subjects reproached him with leaning towards the Latin heresy, while the pagan Lithuanians accused him of abandoning the ancient gods. <mask> disentangled himself from his difficulties by repudiating his former promises; by refusing to receive the papal legates who arrived at Riga in September 1323, and by dismissing the Franciscans from his territories.These apparently retrogressive measures simply amounted to a statesmanlike recognition of the fact that the pagan element was still the strongest force in Lithuania, and could not yet be dispensed with in the coming struggle for nationality. Even though power rested firmly in the hands of the pagans more than twice as many Orthodox Christians lived in his realm than there were pagans inside it. At the same time <mask> privately informed the papal legates at Riga through his ambassadors that his difficult position compelled him to postpone his steadfast resolve of being baptised, and the legates showed their confidence in him by forbidding the neighbouring states to war against Lithuania for the next four years, besides ratifying the treaty made between <mask> and the archbishop of Riga. Nevertheless, disregarding the censures of the church, the Order resumed the war with <mask> by murdering one of his delegates sent to welcome the Grand Master for his arrival to Riga in 1325. He had in the meantime improved his position by an alliance with Wladislaus Lokietek, king of Poland, and had his daughter Aldona baptized for the sake of betrothing her to Władysław's son Casimir III. An alternative view of these events was proposed by a British historian, Stephen Christopher Rowell, where he believes that <mask> never intended to become a Christian himself, since that would have offended the staunchly pagan inhabitants of Žemaitija and Aukštaitija. Both the pagans of Aukštaitija and the Orthodox Rus' threatened <mask> with death if he decided to convert; a similar scenario also happened to Mindaugas, which he desperately wanted to avoid.His strategy was to gain the support of the Pope and other Catholic powers in his conflict with the Teutonic Order by granting a favourable status to Catholics living within his realm and feigning a personal interest in the Christian religion. While he allowed Catholic clergy to enter his realm for the purpose of ministering to his Catholic subjects and to temporary residents, he savagely punished any attempt to convert pagan Lithuanians or to insult their native religion. Thus in about 1339–1340 he executed two Franciscan friars from Bohemia, Ulrich and Martin, who had gone beyond the authority granted them and had publicly preached against the Lithuanian religion. <mask> ordered them to renounce Christianity, and had them killed when they refused. Five more friars were executed in 1369 for the same offence. Despite <mask>' chief goal to save Lithuania from destruction at the hands of the Germans, he still died as a pagan reigning over semi-pagan lands. Also, he was equally bound to his pagan kinsmen in Samogitia, to his Orthodox subjects in Belarus, and to his Catholic allies in Masovia.Therefore, it is still unclear whether the letters sent to the Pope were an actual request for conversion or simply a diplomatic maneuver. The Jewish community of Lithuania prospered during his reign. Incorporation of Ruthenian lands
While on his guard against his northern foes, <mask> from 1316 to 1340 was aggrandizing himself at the expense of the numerous Ruthenian principalities in the south and east, whose incessant conflicts with each other wrought the ruin of them all. Here <mask> triumphal progress was irresistible; but the various stages of it are impossible to follow, the sources of its history being few and conflicting, and the date of every salient event exceedingly doubtful. One of his most important territorial accretions, the principality of Halych-Volynia, was obtained by the marriage of his son Lubart with the daughter of the Galician prince. From about 23 km (14 mi) south west of Kiev, <mask> resoundingly defeated Stanislav of Kiev and his allies in the Battle on the Irpin River. He then besieged and conquered Kiev sending Stanislav, the last descendant of the Rurik Dynasty to ever rule Kiev, into exile first in Bryansk and then in Ryazan.Theodor, brother of <mask>, and Algimantas, son of Mindaugas from the Olshanski family, were installed in Kiev. After these conquests, Lithuania stretched as far as to the Black Sea. While exploiting Ruthenian weakness in the wake of the Mongol invasion, <mask> wisely avoided war with the Golden Horde, a great regional power at the time, while expanding Lithuania's border towards the Black Sea. He also secured an alliance with the nascent Grand Duchy of Moscow by marrying his daughter, Anastasia, to the grand duke Simeon. But he was strong enough to counterpoise the influence of Muscovy in northern Russia, and assisted the republic of Pskov, which acknowledged his overlordship, to break away from Great Novgorod. Domestic affairs and death
His internal administration bears all the marks of a wise ruler. He protected the Catholic as well as the Orthodox clergy; he raised the Lithuanian army to the highest state of efficiency then attainable; defended his borders with a chain of strong fortresses and built numerous castles in towns including Vilnius.At first he moved the capital to the newly built town of Trakai, but in c. 1320 re-established a permanent capital in Vilnius. <mask> died in 1341, presumably killed during a coup d'état. He was cremated as a part of a fully pagan ceremony in 1342, which included a human sacrifice, with his favourite servant and several German slaves being burned on the pyre with the corpse. All these facts assert that <mask> most likely remained entirely faithful to his native Lithuanian religion, and that his feigned interest in Catholicism was simply a ruse designed to gain allies against the Teutonic Order. He was succeeded by one of his sons, Jaunutis, who was unable to control the unrest in the country, as a result of which he was deposed in 1345 by his brother Algirdas. Legacy
He was a founder of a new Lithuanian dynasty; the Gediminids, and laid the foundations of the state's expansion while sometimes referred as the "true" state founder. In modern historiography, he is also regarded as founder of Vilnius, the modern capital of Lithuania.According to a legend, possibly set in 1322 while he was on a hunting trip, he dreamt of an iron clad wolf, who stood on a hill, howling in an odd manner as if thousand of wolves would be howling at once. He consulted his vision with his priest Lizdeika who told him the dream spoke of a city that must be built at the exact place and decided to build a fortification on the confluence of rivers Vilnia and Neris, where the place of his vision was pointed out. This event inspired the Romantic movement, particularly Adam Mickiewicz, who gave the story a poetic form. <mask> is depicted on a silver Litas commemorative coin, issued in 1996. The Lithuanian folk music group Kūlgrinda released an album in 2009 titled Giesmės Valdovui Gediminui, meaning "Hymns to Ruler Gediminas". Name Gediminas is very popular in Lithuania. <mask> (as Hiedymin or Gedymin) is also widely celebrated in Belarus as an important figure of national history.In September 2019, a monument to <mask> was unveiled in Lida. http://www.epaveldas.lt/recordText/LNB/C1B0002960629/Gedimino_laiskai.html?exId=315462&seqNr=4
In his letters to the papacy in 1322 and 1323, he adds Princeps et Dux Semigalliae (Prince and Duke of Semigallia). In contemporary Low German he is styled simply Koningh van Lettowen, mirroring the Latin Rex Lethowyae (both meaning "King of Lithuania"). <mask>' right to use the Latin rex, which the papacy had been claiming the right to grant from the 13th century onwards, was not universally recognized in Catholic sources. Thus, he was called rex sive dux ("King or Duke") in one source; Pope John XXII, in a letter to the King of France, referred to <mask> as "the one who calls himself rex". However, the pope did call Gediminas rex when addressing him (regem sive ducem, "king or duke"). Issue
It is uncertain how many wives <mask> had.The Bychowiec Chronicle mentions three wives: Vida from Courland; Olga from Smolensk; and Jaunė from Polotsk, who was Eastern Orthodox and died in 1344 or 1345. Most modern historians and reference works say <mask>' wife was Jewna, dismissing Vida and Olga as fictitious, since no sources other than this chronicle mention the other two wives. An argument has been advanced that <mask> had two wives, one pagan and another Orthodox. This case is supported only by the Jüngere Hochmeisterchronik, a late 15th-century chronicle, mentioning Narimantas as half-brother to Algirdas. Other historians support this claim by arguing this would explain Gediminas' otherwise mysterious designation of a middle son, Jaunutis, as his succession would be understandable if Jaunutis were the first-born son of <mask> and a second wife. He is said to have left seven sons and six daughters including:
Manvydas (Duchy of Kernavė) (c. 1288–1348)
Narimantas (Duchy of Polatsk)
Karijotas (Duchy of Navhrudak, Black Ruthenia)
Jaunutis (Duchy of Zaslawye) initially ruled Vilnius after the death of his father
Algirdas (Duchy of Vitebsk)
Kęstutis (Duchy of Trakai and protectorate of Duchy of Samogitia)
Vytautas
Maria, married Dmitry of Tver
Aldona, married Casimir III of Poland
Aigusta, married Simeon of Moscow
Elžbieta, married Wenceslaus of Płock
Eufemija, married Boleslaw-Yuri II of Galicia
Liubartas (Duchy of Lutsk, Volhynia)
See also
Gediminids
Columns of Gediminas
References
Sources
External links
Viduramžių Lietuva
1270s births
1341 deaths
Year of birth uncertain
City founders
Gediminids
Grand Dukes of Lithuania
Lithuanian pagans | [
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] | The Grand Duke ofLithuania, <mask>, died in December 1341. He is credited with founding this political entity and expanding its territory which later spanned the area from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea. One of the most significant individuals in early Lithuanian history, he was responsible for establishing a dynasty that later ruled other European countries such as Poland, Hungary and Bohemia. He gained a reputation for being a champion of paganism, who diverted attempts to Christianize his country by skillful negotiations with the Pope and other Christian rulers. <mask> was born in about 1275. <mask>' ancestry, early life, and assumption of the title of Grand Duke are not available from written sources. 1316 is the subject of scholarly debate.Various theories claim that <mask> was Grand Duke Vytenis' son, brother, cousin, or hostler. There were only two versions of his origins. According to the chronicles written after <mask>' death by the Teutonic Knights, <mask> killed his master and assumed the throne. After <mask>' death, there was a version of the Lithuanian Chronicles that claimed that <mask> was Vytenis' son. The two men were almost the same age. Recent research shows that Gediminias' ancestors were Skalmantas. Two sons of Algirdas named their ancestors in the poem Zadonshchina, which was written at the end of the 14th century.The belief was that Skalmantas was the long-sought descendant of the Gediminids. The poem jumped back to the unknown ancestors after skipping the generation represented by Butvydas. Baranauskas believes Skalmantas was Butvydas' brother rather than his father, and that Vytenis and <mask> were cousins. <mask> became the Grand Duke at the age of 40 and ruled for 25 years. German sources referred to <mask> as Rex de Owsteiten. He had a choice of religion. The Teutonic Knights and the Livonian Order were enemies of the state.The Teutonic Order was defeated by <mask> and the Tatars in 1319. The systematic raiding ofLithuania by the knights under the pretext of converting it had long since united all the Lithuanian tribes, but <mask> aimed at establishing a dynasty which should makeLithuania not merely secure but powerful, and for this purpose he entered into direct diplomatic negotiations with the Holy See as He sent letters to the Pope at the end of 1322 asking for his protection against the persecution of the knights, as well as notifying him of the privileges already granted to the Dominicans and Franciscans. Legates should be dispatched to him in order to bebaptized. The Archbishop of Riga supported this action. The peace between the Duchy and the Livonian Order was achieved on October 2, 1323. <mask> issued circular letters to the Hanseatic towns in January of 1325, offering a free access into his domain to men of every order and profession.The immigrants were to make their own decisions. The priests and monks were invited to build churches. In October 1323, representatives of the archbishop of Riga, the bishop of Dorpat, the king of Denmark, the Dominican and Franciscan orders, and the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order assembled at Vilnius, when <mask> confirmed his promises and undertook to be baptised as soon A compact was signed in the name of the whole Christian World between <mask> and the delegates. His raid upon Dobrzy, the latest acquisition of the knights on Polish soil, gave them a ready weapon against him. The pagans accused <mask> of abandoning the faith, while the Orthodox reproached him with leaning towards the Latin heresy, because he questioned the authority of <mask>' letters. <mask> was able to disentangle himself from his difficulties by repudiating his previous promises, and by dismissing the Franciscans from his territories.The retrogressive measures amounted to a recognition of the fact that the pagan element was still the strongest force in the country and could not be removed in the coming struggle for nationality. There were more Orthodox Christians in his realm than there were pagans, even though power was firmly in the hands of the pagans. At the same time <mask> privately informed the papal legates at Riga that his difficult position compelled him to postpone his steadfast resolve of being baptised, and the legates showed their confidence in him by forbidding the neighboring states to war against Lithuania for the next four years. Despite the censures of the church, the Order resumed the war with <mask> by murdering one of his delegates sent to welcome the Grand Master. Aldona was christened for the sake of marrying Wadysaw's son, and he had an alliance with a king of Poland. Stephen Christopher Rowell, a British historian, believes that <mask> never intended to become a Christian, since that would have offended the pagan inhabitants of emaitija and Auktaitija. <mask> was threatened with death by both the pagans of Auktaitija and the Orthodox Rus' if he decided to convert.His strategy was to gain the support of the Pope and other Catholic powers in his conflict with the Teutonic Order by granting a favorable status to Catholics living within his realm and feigning a personal interest in the Christian religion. While he allowed Catholic clergy to enter his realm for the purpose of ministering to his Catholic subjects and to temporary residents, he savagely punished any attempt to convert pagans or insult their native religion. In about 1339–1340, he executed two Franciscan friars from Bohemia who went beyond the authority granted them and preached against theLithuanian religion. They were killed when they refused to convert to Christianity. Five more friars were executed for the same crime. <mask> died as a pagan, despite his goal to saveLithuania from destruction by the Germans. He was bound to his pagan kinsmen in Samogitia, to his Orthodox subjects in Belarus, and to his Catholic allies in Masovia.It is not clear if the letters sent to the Pope were an actual request for conversion or simply a diplomatic maneuver. The Jewish community prospered during his rule. While on his guard against his northern foes, <mask> from 1316 to 1340 aggrandized himself at the expense of the Ruthenian principalities in the south and east. Here <mask> triumphal progress was irresistible, but the various stages of it are impossible to follow, the sources of its history being few and conflicting, and the date of every event exceedingly doubtful. The principality of Halych-Volynia was obtained by his son Lubart's marriage to the daughter of the Galician prince. <mask> soundly defeated Stanislav and his allies in the Battle on the Irpin River. He sent Stanislav, the last descendant of the Rurik Dynasty to rule Kiev, into exile first in Bryansk and then in Ryazan.Theodor, brother of <mask>, and Algimantas, son of Mindaugas from the Olshanski family, were installed in Kiev. After these conquests,Lithuania stretched as far as the Black Sea. <mask> avoided war with the Golden Horde, a great regional power at the time, while expanding Lithuania's border towards the Black Sea. He secured an alliance with the Grand Duchy of Moscow by marrying his daughter. He was strong enough to counter the influence of Muscovy in northern Russia and help the republic of Pskov break away from Great Novgorod. His internal administration bears the marks of a wise ruler. He protected the Catholic as well as the Orthodox clergy, raised the army to the highest state of efficiency, built numerous castles and defended his borders with a chain of strong fortresses.In 1320 he established a permanent capital in Vilnius after moving the capital to Trakai. <mask> was killed during a coup d'état. His favourite servant and several German slaves were burned on the pyre with his corpse, as part of a pagan ceremony that included a human sacrifice. According to these facts, <mask> most likely remained faithful to his nativeLithuanian religion, and that his feigned interest in Catholicism was a ruse designed to gain allies against the Teutonic Order. His brother Algirdas deposed him in 1345 because he was unable to control the unrest in the country. He was a founder of a newLithuanian dynasty, the Gediminids, and laid the foundations of the state's expansion. He is thought to be the founder of Vilnius, the modern capital ofLithuania.According to a legend, while on a hunting trip in 1322, he dreamt of an iron clad wolf, who stood on a hill, howling in an odd manner as if thousand of wolves would be howling at the same time. The place of his vision was pointed out to him by his priest Lizdeika, who told him that the dream spoke of a city that must be built at the exact place. The Romantic movement was inspired by this event. <mask> is depicted on a silver coin. In 2009, the folk music group Klgrinda released an album called Giesms Valdovui Gediminui. InLithuania, the name <mask> is very popular. <mask>, also known as Hiedymin or Gedymin, is an important figure of national history.A monument to <mask> was unveiled in September. In his letters to the papacy in 1322 and 1323, he adds Prince. Koningh van Lettowen is the same as the Latin Rex Lethowyae in Low German. <mask>' right to use the Latin rex, which the papacy had been claiming the right to grant from the 13th century onwards, was not universally recognized in Catholic sources. Pope John XII referred to <mask> as "the one who calls himself rex" in a letter to the King of France. The pope called Gediminas rex when addressing him. It is not certain how many wives <mask> had.The wives of Jaun from Polotsk were mentioned in the Bychowiec Chronicle. Most modern historians and reference works say <mask>' wife was Jewna, since no other sources mention the other two wives. There is an argument that <mask> had two wives, one pagan and another Orthodox. The Jngere Hochmeisterchronik mentions Narimantas as a half-brother to Algirdas. According to other historians, this would explain <mask>' designation of a middle son, Jaunutis, as his succession would be understandable if he were the first-born son of <mask> and a second wife. He is said to have left seven sons and six daughters. | [
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2931804 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babe%20Paley | Babe Paley | Barbara "Babe" Cushing Mortimer Paley (July 5, 1915 – July 6, 1978) was an American socialite, whose second husband was the founder of CBS, William S. Paley. She was known by the nickname "Babe" for most of her life. She was named to the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame in 1958.
Early life
Born Barbara Cushing in Boston, Massachusetts, she was the daughter of brain surgeon Harvey Cushing, who was professor of surgery at Johns Hopkins, Harvard and Yale, and his wife Katharine Stone (née Crowell). She grew up in Brookline, Massachusetts. Her older sisters both married into money and prestige: Minnie Cushing was the second wife of Vincent Astor, and Betsey Cushing married James Roosevelt, the son of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and then later John Hay Whitney. Together, they were known by the public as by the media as the "fabulous Cushing sisters."
As a student at the Westover School in Middlebury, Connecticut, Paley was presented as a debutante in October 1934 in Boston, with Roosevelt's sons in attendance. Her debut drew attention during the Great Depression, and marked the beginning of her social career. She graduated from Winsor School in Boston in 1934.
Career
In 1938, Paley began working as a fashion editor for Vogue in New York City. Her position at Vogue gave her access to designer clothes, often given in exchange for Paley's high profile image. In 1941, Time magazine voted her the world's second best dressed woman after Wallis Simpson and before Aimée de Heeren. She was also named to the best-dressed list in 1945 and 1946.
Upon her second marriage in 1947, Paley left her job at Vogue.
Style
Paley set about to curate an ideal social world for herself. The couple had an apartment at the St. Regis and hired interior designer Billy Baldwin to decorate. She and Paley lived there during the week, while weekends were spent at Kiluna Farm, on in Manhasset, Long Island, where a succession of landscape architects and garden designers beautified the grounds. The more distant retreat, Kiluna North, on Squam Lake in New Hampshire, was purchased in 1957; there they entertained celebrities who welcomed the privacy;
Though the antisemitic prejudices of society excluded the Paleys from a number of important social functions and exclusive clubs, the Paleys, nevertheless, kept a circle of high-society friends that included author Truman Capote and fellow socialite Slim Keith. Capote included Paley and Keith in his group of "swans" (a group of New York socialites) along with Gloria Guinness, Marella Agnelli, and C.Z. Guest. Paley famously dropped Capote as a friend when he published excerpts of his much-touted work in progress, Answered Prayers, a tell-all of New York's elite.
In addition to entertaining, Paley maintained her position on the best-dressed list fourteen times before being inducted into the Fashion Hall of Fame in 1958. She regularly bought entire haute couture collections from famed fashion houses like Givenchy and Valentino SpA. Her style influenced many women, but as Bill Blass once observed, "I never saw her not grab anyone's attention, the hair, the makeup, the crispness. You were never conscious of what she was wearing; you noticed Babe and nothing else."
Her personal, unconventional style was enormously influential. A photograph of Paley with a scarf tied to her handbag, for example, created a trendy tidal wave that millions of women emulated. She often mixed extravagant jewelry by Fulco di Verdura and Jean Schlumberger with costume pieces, and embraced letting her hair go gray instead of using dye.
Personal life
While working at Vogue, she met and married oil heir Stanley Grafton Mortimer Jr. (1913–1999), the brother of Katharine Mortimer and both of an old and prominent New York family, at St. Luke's Episcopal Church in East Hampton, New York, in 1940. Before their marriage ended by 1946, she and Mortimer had two children:
Stanley Grafton Mortimer III (born 1942), a Harvard graduate who married Siri Larsen in 1971.
Amanda Jay Mortimer (born 1944), who married Carter Burden Jr., a Vanderbilt descendant, in 1964. They divorced in 1972 and she married Steven Ross (1927–1992), the CEO of Time Warner, in 1979. In 1981, they also divorced.
Several retrospectives have claimed that Babe neglected her children while in pursuit of social status and depended upon the wealth of her husbands to support her lavish lifestyle. Her daughter Amanda has admitted that their relationship was "virtually nonexistent" and that the distance "was her choice, not mine".
After her divorce from Mortimer, she received a settlement based on a trust fund. In 1946, she met William "Pasha" Paley (1901–1990), who was estranged from his wife Dorothy Hart Hearst (1908–1998), herself the former wife of John Randolph Hearst. Paley was wealthy, with an interest in the arts and a desire to be a part of New York's café society. With Babe's social connections, Paley stood a greater chance of being granted entrée into a society which, until that time, had effectively shut him out. For Babe, Paley offered wealth, security, and worldliness. Following Paley's divorce on July 24, 1947, Babe and Paley were married (the following year, her ex-husband also remarried to Kathleen Harriman, the daughter of W. Averell Harriman). Together, Babe and Bill had two additional children:
William C. "Bill" Paley (born 1948), who relaunched La Palina, a cigar company originated by grandfather Sam Paley in 1896. He married Alison Van Metre, daughter of Albert Van Metre, founder of Van Metre Homes.
Kate Cushing Paley (born 1950), who made her "nondebut" in 1968, shortly after the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy.
By many biographers' accounts, Paley was lonely and frustrated as William Paley carried on a chain of extramarital affairs. This psychological battering took its toll on her and her family. She was constantly under the scrutiny of society and the media, who pressed her to maintain the unrealistic image of a social and fashion goddess. These external pressures, as well as a two-pack-a-day cigarette habit, finally affected her health.
Final years and death
A heavy smoker, Paley was diagnosed with lung cancer in 1974. In preparation for her impending death, she planned her own funeral, including the food and wine selections that would be served at the funeral luncheon. She allocated her jewelry collection and personal belongings to friends and family, wrapped them in colorful paper, and created a complete file system with directions as to how they would be distributed after her death.
Paley died of lung cancer on July 6, 1978, the day after her 63rd birthday. She was buried in the Memorial Cemetery of St. John's Church, Cold Spring Harbor, New York. On his death in 1990, Bill Paley was buried next to her.
Legacy
Long after her death, Paley remains iconic in the world of fashion and style. "Babe Paley had only one fault," commented her one-time friend Truman Capote. "She was perfect. Otherwise, she was perfect."
Many fashion designers and interior decorators continue to reference Paley's style in their own creations. Paley and her "swans", much like Jacqueline Kennedy during the 1960s, was an example of the young, attractive, and affluent class that many Americans aspired to.
In popular culture
Babe Paley has been portrayed in the following films and mini-series:
Life of the Party: The Pamela Harriman Story (1998) by Joan Severance
Capote (2005) by Michelle Harrison
Infamous (2006) by Sigourney Weaver
Halston (2021) by Regina Schneider in episode 1
In Jacqueline Susann's 1969 novel, The Love Machine, the characters of socialite Judith Austin and her husband Gregory Austin, CEO of a television network, were said to be based on Babe and William Paley. Dyan Cannon portrayed Judith in the 1971 film version.
In the book The Swans of Fifth Avenue by Melanie Benjamin, Paley is referred to as the muse of Truman Capote with whom she was a close friend in real life.
References
Further reading
Smith, Sally Bedell (1948- ). In all his glory: the life and times of William S. Paley and the birth of modern broadcasting. New York, Simon and Schuster, 1990.
Grafton, David. The Sisters: Babe Mortimer Paley, Betsey Roosevelt Whitney, Minnie Astor Fosburgh - The Lives and Times of the Fabulous Cushing Sisters. Villard (1992).
Tapert, Annette & Edkins, Diana, The Power of Style - The Women Who Defined The Art of Living Well, Crown Publishers, New York, 1994.
Prisant, Carol. Babe & I. Town & Country, December, 2010, pp. 152–156.
External links
Domino magazine's "Editor's Pick - Babe Paley, featuring a photo of Paley at her Round Hill Villa in Jamaica
Fashion designer Zang Toi's Spring 2005 collection inspired by Babe Paley's time in Jamaica
NewYorkSocialDiary.com
1915 births
1978 deaths
20th-century American women writers
20th-century American writers
American magazine editors
American socialites
Mortimer family of New York
Burials in New York (state)
American fashion journalists
Deaths from cancer in New York (state)
Deaths from lung cancer
People from Boston
Vogue (magazine) people
American women journalists
People from Manhasset, New York
Women magazine editors
Winsor School alumni
Cushing family | [
"Barbara \"Babe\" Cushing Mortimer Paley (July 5, 1915 – July 6, 1978) was an American socialite, whose second husband was the founder of CBS, William S. Paley.",
"She was known by the nickname \"Babe\" for most of her life.",
"She was named to the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame in 1958.",
"Early life \nBorn Barbara Cushing in Boston, Massachusetts, she was the daughter of brain surgeon Harvey Cushing, who was professor of surgery at Johns Hopkins, Harvard and Yale, and his wife Katharine Stone (née Crowell).",
"She grew up in Brookline, Massachusetts.",
"Her older sisters both married into money and prestige: Minnie Cushing was the second wife of Vincent Astor, and Betsey Cushing married James Roosevelt, the son of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and then later John Hay Whitney.",
"Together, they were known by the public as by the media as the \"fabulous Cushing sisters.\"",
"As a student at the Westover School in Middlebury, Connecticut, Paley was presented as a debutante in October 1934 in Boston, with Roosevelt's sons in attendance.",
"Her debut drew attention during the Great Depression, and marked the beginning of her social career.",
"She graduated from Winsor School in Boston in 1934.",
"Career\nIn 1938, Paley began working as a fashion editor for Vogue in New York City.",
"Her position at Vogue gave her access to designer clothes, often given in exchange for Paley's high profile image.",
"In 1941, Time magazine voted her the world's second best dressed woman after Wallis Simpson and before Aimée de Heeren.",
"She was also named to the best-dressed list in 1945 and 1946.",
"Upon her second marriage in 1947, Paley left her job at Vogue.",
"Style\nPaley set about to curate an ideal social world for herself.",
"The couple had an apartment at the St. Regis and hired interior designer Billy Baldwin to decorate.",
"She and Paley lived there during the week, while weekends were spent at Kiluna Farm, on in Manhasset, Long Island, where a succession of landscape architects and garden designers beautified the grounds.",
"The more distant retreat, Kiluna North, on Squam Lake in New Hampshire, was purchased in 1957; there they entertained celebrities who welcomed the privacy;\n\nThough the antisemitic prejudices of society excluded the Paleys from a number of important social functions and exclusive clubs, the Paleys, nevertheless, kept a circle of high-society friends that included author Truman Capote and fellow socialite Slim Keith.",
"Capote included Paley and Keith in his group of \"swans\" (a group of New York socialites) along with Gloria Guinness, Marella Agnelli, and C.Z.",
"Guest.",
"Paley famously dropped Capote as a friend when he published excerpts of his much-touted work in progress, Answered Prayers, a tell-all of New York's elite.",
"In addition to entertaining, Paley maintained her position on the best-dressed list fourteen times before being inducted into the Fashion Hall of Fame in 1958.",
"She regularly bought entire haute couture collections from famed fashion houses like Givenchy and Valentino SpA.",
"Her style influenced many women, but as Bill Blass once observed, \"I never saw her not grab anyone's attention, the hair, the makeup, the crispness.",
"You were never conscious of what she was wearing; you noticed Babe and nothing else.\"",
"Her personal, unconventional style was enormously influential.",
"A photograph of Paley with a scarf tied to her handbag, for example, created a trendy tidal wave that millions of women emulated.",
"She often mixed extravagant jewelry by Fulco di Verdura and Jean Schlumberger with costume pieces, and embraced letting her hair go gray instead of using dye.",
"Personal life\nWhile working at Vogue, she met and married oil heir Stanley Grafton Mortimer Jr. (1913–1999), the brother of Katharine Mortimer and both of an old and prominent New York family, at St. Luke's Episcopal Church in East Hampton, New York, in 1940.",
"Before their marriage ended by 1946, she and Mortimer had two children:\n\n Stanley Grafton Mortimer III (born 1942), a Harvard graduate who married Siri Larsen in 1971.",
"Amanda Jay Mortimer (born 1944), who married Carter Burden Jr., a Vanderbilt descendant, in 1964.",
"They divorced in 1972 and she married Steven Ross (1927–1992), the CEO of Time Warner, in 1979.",
"In 1981, they also divorced.",
"Several retrospectives have claimed that Babe neglected her children while in pursuit of social status and depended upon the wealth of her husbands to support her lavish lifestyle.",
"Her daughter Amanda has admitted that their relationship was \"virtually nonexistent\" and that the distance \"was her choice, not mine\".",
"After her divorce from Mortimer, she received a settlement based on a trust fund.",
"In 1946, she met William \"Pasha\" Paley (1901–1990), who was estranged from his wife Dorothy Hart Hearst (1908–1998), herself the former wife of John Randolph Hearst.",
"Paley was wealthy, with an interest in the arts and a desire to be a part of New York's café society.",
"With Babe's social connections, Paley stood a greater chance of being granted entrée into a society which, until that time, had effectively shut him out.",
"For Babe, Paley offered wealth, security, and worldliness.",
"Following Paley's divorce on July 24, 1947, Babe and Paley were married (the following year, her ex-husband also remarried to Kathleen Harriman, the daughter of W. Averell Harriman).",
"Together, Babe and Bill had two additional children:\n\n William C. \"Bill\" Paley (born 1948), who relaunched La Palina, a cigar company originated by grandfather Sam Paley in 1896.",
"He married Alison Van Metre, daughter of Albert Van Metre, founder of Van Metre Homes.",
"Kate Cushing Paley (born 1950), who made her \"nondebut\" in 1968, shortly after the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy.",
"By many biographers' accounts, Paley was lonely and frustrated as William Paley carried on a chain of extramarital affairs.",
"This psychological battering took its toll on her and her family.",
"She was constantly under the scrutiny of society and the media, who pressed her to maintain the unrealistic image of a social and fashion goddess.",
"These external pressures, as well as a two-pack-a-day cigarette habit, finally affected her health.",
"Final years and death\nA heavy smoker, Paley was diagnosed with lung cancer in 1974.",
"In preparation for her impending death, she planned her own funeral, including the food and wine selections that would be served at the funeral luncheon.",
"She allocated her jewelry collection and personal belongings to friends and family, wrapped them in colorful paper, and created a complete file system with directions as to how they would be distributed after her death.",
"Paley died of lung cancer on July 6, 1978, the day after her 63rd birthday.",
"She was buried in the Memorial Cemetery of St. John's Church, Cold Spring Harbor, New York.",
"On his death in 1990, Bill Paley was buried next to her.",
"Legacy \nLong after her death, Paley remains iconic in the world of fashion and style.",
"\"Babe Paley had only one fault,\" commented her one-time friend Truman Capote.",
"\"She was perfect.",
"Otherwise, she was perfect.\"",
"Many fashion designers and interior decorators continue to reference Paley's style in their own creations.",
"Paley and her \"swans\", much like Jacqueline Kennedy during the 1960s, was an example of the young, attractive, and affluent class that many Americans aspired to.",
"In popular culture\nBabe Paley has been portrayed in the following films and mini-series:\n Life of the Party: The Pamela Harriman Story (1998) by Joan Severance\n Capote (2005) by Michelle Harrison\n Infamous (2006) by Sigourney Weaver\n Halston (2021) by Regina Schneider in episode 1\n\nIn Jacqueline Susann's 1969 novel, The Love Machine, the characters of socialite Judith Austin and her husband Gregory Austin, CEO of a television network, were said to be based on Babe and William Paley.",
"Dyan Cannon portrayed Judith in the 1971 film version.",
"In the book The Swans of Fifth Avenue by Melanie Benjamin, Paley is referred to as the muse of Truman Capote with whom she was a close friend in real life.",
"References\n\nFurther reading\nSmith, Sally Bedell (1948- ).",
"In all his glory: the life and times of William S. Paley and the birth of modern broadcasting.",
"New York, Simon and Schuster, 1990.",
"Grafton, David.",
"The Sisters: Babe Mortimer Paley, Betsey Roosevelt Whitney, Minnie Astor Fosburgh - The Lives and Times of the Fabulous Cushing Sisters.",
"Villard (1992).",
"Tapert, Annette & Edkins, Diana, The Power of Style - The Women Who Defined The Art of Living Well, Crown Publishers, New York, 1994.",
"Prisant, Carol.",
"Babe & I.",
"Town & Country, December, 2010, pp.",
"152–156.",
"External links\n\n Domino magazine's \"Editor's Pick - Babe Paley, featuring a photo of Paley at her Round Hill Villa in Jamaica\n Fashion designer Zang Toi's Spring 2005 collection inspired by Babe Paley's time in Jamaica\n NewYorkSocialDiary.com\n \n\n1915 births\n1978 deaths\n20th-century American women writers\n20th-century American writers\nAmerican magazine editors\nAmerican socialites\nMortimer family of New York\nBurials in New York (state)\nAmerican fashion journalists\nDeaths from cancer in New York (state)\nDeaths from lung cancer\nPeople from Boston\nVogue (magazine) people\nAmerican women journalists\nPeople from Manhasset, New York\nWomen magazine editors\nWinsor School alumni\nCushing family"
] | [
"The founder of CBS, William S. Paley, was the second husband of Barbara \"Babe\" Cushing Mortimer Paley.",
"She was known as \"Babe\" for most of her life.",
"She was named to the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame.",
"The daughter of a brain surgeon and his wife, Barbara was born in Boston, Massachusetts.",
"She was raised in Massachusetts.",
"Her older sisters both married into money and prestige, with Betsey and Minnie being the second and third wives of James Roosevelt and John Hay Whitney, respectively.",
"The media referred to them as the \"fabulous Cushing sisters.\"",
"Paley was presented as a debutante in Boston in October 1934, with Roosevelt's sons in attendance.",
"The beginning of her social career was marked by her debut during the Great Depression.",
"She graduated from Boston's Winsor School in 1934.",
"As a fashion editor, Paley worked for Vogue in New York City.",
"Her position at Vogue gave her access to designer clothes in exchange for her high profile image.",
"Time magazine voted her the second best dressed woman after Aimée de Heeren.",
"In 1945 and 1946, she was named to the best-dressed list.",
"After her second marriage, she left her job at Vogue.",
"Style Paley is going to create an ideal social world for herself.",
"Billy Baldwin was hired by the couple to decorate their apartment.",
"The weekend was spent at Kiluna Farm in Manhasset, Long Island, where a succession of landscape architects and garden designers beautified the grounds.",
"The more distant retreat, Kiluna North, on Squam Lake in New Hampshire, was purchased in 1957 and they entertained celebrities who welcomed the privacy.",
"The group of \"swans\" that Capote included were Gloria Guinness, Marella Agnelli, and C.Z.",
"A guest.",
"When he published excerpts of his work in progress, Answered Prayers, a tell-all of New York's elite, Paley dropped Capote as a friend.",
"Paley was a member of the Fashion Hall of Fame after being on the best-dressed list fourteen times.",
"She used to buy entire haute couture collections from renowned fashion houses.",
"Her style influenced many women, but as Bill said, \"I never saw her not grab anyone's attention, the hair, the makeup, the crispness.\"",
"You didn't pay much attention to what she was wearing, but you noticed Babe and nothing else.",
"Her personal style was influential.",
"Millions of women emulated a trendy tidal wave that was created by a photograph of Paley with a scarf tied to her handbag.",
"She embraced letting her hair go gray instead of dyeing it, and mixed extravagant jewelry by Fulco di Verdura and Jean Schlumberger with costume pieces.",
"She met and married Stanley Grafton Mortimer Jr., the brother of an old and prominent New York family, in 1940.",
"She and Mortimer had two children before their marriage ended in 1946, one of which was Stanley Grafton Mortimer III.",
"The wife of Carter Burden Jr. was a descendant of the Vanderbilt family.",
"She married Steven Ross, the CEO of Time Warner, in 1979.",
"They divorced again in 1981.",
"Babe neglected her children while in pursuit of social status and depended on her husband's wealth to support her lavish lifestyle according to several retrospectives.",
"The distance was her choice, not mine, as her daughter admitted that their relationship was \"virtually nonexistent\".",
"She received a settlement based on a trust fund.",
"In 1946, she met William \"Pasha\" Paley, who was estranged from his wife.",
"Paley was wealthy and wanted to be a part of New York's café society.",
"Until that time, Paley had effectively been shut out of the society because of his social connections.",
"Babe was offered wealth, security, and worldliness by Paley.",
"On July 24, 1947, Babe and Paley were married, after Babe's ex- husband remarried to Kathleen Harriman, the daughter of W. Averell Harriman.",
"Bill and Babe had two more children.",
"Alison Van Metre is the daughter of Albert Van Metre.",
"Shortly after the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy, Kate Paley made her \"nondebut\".",
"As William Paley carried on with extramarital affairs, he was lonely and frustrated.",
"She and her family were affected by this psychological battering.",
"She was constantly under scrutiny to maintain the unrealistic image of a social and fashion goddess.",
"Her health was affected by external pressures and a two-pack-a-day cigarette habit.",
"Paley was diagnosed with lung cancer in 1974.",
"The food and wine selections that would be served at the funeral luncheon were planned by her in preparation for her death.",
"She allocated her jewelry collection to friends and family, wrapped them in colorful paper, and created a complete file system with directions as to how they would be distributed after her death.",
"On July 6, 1978, she died of lung cancer at the age of 63.",
"The Memorial Cemetery of St. John's Church is in Cold Spring Harbor, New York.",
"Bill Paley was buried next to her.",
"After her death, Paley is still an icon in the world of fashion and style.",
"Truman Capote commented that Babe Paley had only one fault.",
"She was perfect.",
"Otherwise, she was perfect.",
"Paley's style is still used by many fashion designers and interior designers.",
"Many Americans aspire to be like Paley and her \"swans\", an example of the young, attractive, and affluent class.",
"In popular culture Babe Paley has been portrayed in the following films and mini-series: Life of the Party: The Pamela Harriman Story, Capote, and Infamous.",
"The film version of Judith was portrayed by Dyan Cannon.",
"Paley is referred to as the muse of Truman Capote in Melanie Benjamin's book The Swans of Fifth Avenue.",
"Sally Bedell was read by Smith.",
"The life and times of William S. Paley are celebrated.",
"New York, Simon and Schuster.",
"David Grafton.",
"The Lives and Times of the Fabulous Cushing Sisters were written by Babe Mortimer Paley and Betsey Roosevelt Whitney.",
"Villard was born in 1992.",
"The Power of Style - The Women Who Defined The Art of Living Well was published in 1994.",
"Carol Prisant.",
"Babe and I.",
"The December edition of Town & Country.",
"152–156",
"Domino magazine's \"Editor's Pick - Babe Paley\" features a photo of Paley at her Round Hill Villa in Jamaica, inspired by her time in Jamaica."
] | Barbara "<mask>" <mask> (July 5, 1915 – July 6, 1978) was an American socialite, whose second husband was the founder of CBS, William S<mask>. She was known by the nickname "<mask>" for most of her life. She was named to the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame in 1958. Early life
Born Barbara Cushing in Boston, Massachusetts, she was the daughter of brain surgeon Harvey Cushing, who was professor of surgery at Johns Hopkins, Harvard and Yale, and his wife Katharine Stone (née Crowell). She grew up in Brookline, Massachusetts. Her older sisters both married into money and prestige: Minnie Cushing was the second wife of Vincent Astor, and Betsey Cushing married James Roosevelt, the son of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and then later John Hay Whitney. Together, they were known by the public as by the media as the "fabulous Cushing sisters."As a student at the Westover School in Middlebury, Connecticut, <mask> was presented as a debutante in October 1934 in Boston, with Roosevelt's sons in attendance. Her debut drew attention during the Great Depression, and marked the beginning of her social career. She graduated from Winsor School in Boston in 1934. Career
In 1938, <mask> began working as a fashion editor for Vogue in New York City. Her position at Vogue gave her access to designer clothes, often given in exchange for <mask>'s high profile image. In 1941, Time magazine voted her the world's second best dressed woman after Wallis Simpson and before Aimée de Heeren. She was also named to the best-dressed list in 1945 and 1946.Upon her second marriage in 1947, <mask> left her job at Vogue. Style
Paley set about to curate an ideal social world for herself. The couple had an apartment at the St. Regis and hired interior designer Billy Baldwin to decorate. She and <mask> lived there during the week, while weekends were spent at Kiluna Farm, on in Manhasset, Long Island, where a succession of landscape architects and garden designers beautified the grounds. The more distant retreat, Kiluna North, on Squam Lake in New Hampshire, was purchased in 1957; there they entertained celebrities who welcomed the privacy;
Though the antisemitic prejudices of society excluded the Paleys from a number of important social functions and exclusive clubs, the <mask>s, nevertheless, kept a circle of high-society friends that included author Truman Capote and fellow socialite Slim Keith. Capote included <mask> and Keith in his group of "swans" (a group of New York socialites) along with Gloria Guinness, Marella Agnelli, and C.Z. Guest.<mask> famously dropped Capote as a friend when he published excerpts of his much-touted work in progress, Answered Prayers, a tell-all of New York's elite. In addition to entertaining, <mask> maintained her position on the best-dressed list fourteen times before being inducted into the Fashion Hall of Fame in 1958. She regularly bought entire haute couture collections from famed fashion houses like Givenchy and Valentino SpA. Her style influenced many women, but as Bill Blass once observed, "I never saw her not grab anyone's attention, the hair, the makeup, the crispness. You were never conscious of what she was wearing; you noticed <mask> and nothing else." Her personal, unconventional style was enormously influential. A photograph of <mask> with a scarf tied to her handbag, for example, created a trendy tidal wave that millions of women emulated.She often mixed extravagant jewelry by Fulco di Verdura and Jean Schlumberger with costume pieces, and embraced letting her hair go gray instead of using dye. Personal life
While working at Vogue, she met and married oil heir Stanley Grafton Mortimer Jr. (1913–1999), the brother of Katharine Mortimer and both of an old and prominent New York family, at St. Luke's Episcopal Church in East Hampton, New York, in 1940. Before their marriage ended by 1946, she and Mortimer had two children:
Stanley Grafton Mortimer III (born 1942), a Harvard graduate who married Siri Larsen in 1971. Amanda Jay Mortimer (born 1944), who married Carter Burden Jr., a Vanderbilt descendant, in 1964. They divorced in 1972 and she married Steven Ross (1927–1992), the CEO of Time Warner, in 1979. In 1981, they also divorced. Several retrospectives have claimed that <mask> neglected her children while in pursuit of social status and depended upon the wealth of her husbands to support her lavish lifestyle.Her daughter Amanda has admitted that their relationship was "virtually nonexistent" and that the distance "was her choice, not mine". After her divorce from Mortimer, she received a settlement based on a trust fund. In 1946, she met William "Pasha" <mask> (1901–1990), who was estranged from his wife Dorothy Hart Hearst (1908–1998), herself the former wife of John Randolph Hearst. Paley was wealthy, with an interest in the arts and a desire to be a part of New York's café society. With <mask>'s social connections, Paley stood a greater chance of being granted entrée into a society which, until that time, had effectively shut him out. For <mask>, Paley offered wealth, security, and worldliness. Following <mask>'s divorce on July 24, 1947, <mask> and <mask> were married (the following year, her ex-husband also remarried to Kathleen Harriman, the daughter of W. Averell Harriman).Together, <mask> and Bill had two additional children:
William C. "Bill" <mask> (born 1948), who relaunched La Palina, a cigar company originated by grandfather <mask> in 1896. He married Alison Van Metre, daughter of Albert Van Metre, founder of Van Metre Homes. Kate Cushing <mask> (born 1950), who made her "nondebut" in 1968, shortly after the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy. By many biographers' accounts, Paley was lonely and frustrated as William Paley carried on a chain of extramarital affairs. This psychological battering took its toll on her and her family. She was constantly under the scrutiny of society and the media, who pressed her to maintain the unrealistic image of a social and fashion goddess. These external pressures, as well as a two-pack-a-day cigarette habit, finally affected her health.Final years and death
A heavy smoker, Paley was diagnosed with lung cancer in 1974. In preparation for her impending death, she planned her own funeral, including the food and wine selections that would be served at the funeral luncheon. She allocated her jewelry collection and personal belongings to friends and family, wrapped them in colorful paper, and created a complete file system with directions as to how they would be distributed after her death. Paley died of lung cancer on July 6, 1978, the day after her 63rd birthday. She was buried in the Memorial Cemetery of St. John's Church, Cold Spring Harbor, New York. On his death in 1990, <mask> was buried next to her. Legacy
Long after her death, Paley remains iconic in the world of fashion and style."<mask> had only one fault," commented her one-time friend Truman Capote. "She was perfect. Otherwise, she was perfect." Many fashion designers and interior decorators continue to reference <mask>'s style in their own creations. <mask> and her "swans", much like Jacqueline Kennedy during the 1960s, was an example of the young, attractive, and affluent class that many Americans aspired to. In popular culture
<mask> has been portrayed in the following films and mini-series:
Life of the Party: The Pamela Harriman Story (1998) by Joan Severance
Capote (2005) by Michelle Harrison
Infamous (2006) by Sigourney Weaver
Halston (2021) by Regina Schneider in episode 1
In Jacqueline Susann's 1969 novel, The Love Machine, the characters of socialite Judith Austin and her husband Gregory Austin, CEO of a television network, were said to be based on <mask> and <mask>. Dyan Cannon portrayed Judith in the 1971 film version.In the book The Swans of Fifth Avenue by Melanie Benjamin, <mask> is referred to as the muse of Truman Capote with whom she was a close friend in real life. References
Further reading
Smith, Sally Bedell (1948- ). In all his glory: the life and times of William S<mask> and the birth of modern broadcasting. New York, Simon and Schuster, 1990. Grafton, David. The Sisters: <mask> <mask>, Betsey Roosevelt Whitney, Minnie Astor Fosburgh - The Lives and Times of the Fabulous Cushing Sisters. Villard (1992).Tapert, Annette & Edkins, Diana, The Power of Style - The Women Who Defined The Art of Living Well, Crown Publishers, New York, 1994. Prisant, Carol. Babe & I. Town & Country, December, 2010, pp. 152–156. External links
Domino magazine's "Editor's Pick - <mask>, featuring a photo of <mask> at her Round Hill Villa in Jamaica
Fashion designer Zang Toi's Spring 2005 collection inspired by <mask>'s time in Jamaica
NewYorkSocialDiary.com
1915 births
1978 deaths
20th-century American women writers
20th-century American writers
American magazine editors
American socialites
Mortimer family of New York
Burials in New York (state)
American fashion journalists
Deaths from cancer in New York (state)
Deaths from lung cancer
People from Boston
Vogue (magazine) people
American women journalists
People from Manhasset, New York
Women magazine editors
Winsor School alumni
Cushing family | [
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] | The founder of CBS, William S<mask>, was the second husband of Barbara "<mask>" <mask>. She was known as "<mask>" for most of her life. She was named to the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame. The daughter of a brain surgeon and his wife, Barbara was born in Boston, Massachusetts. She was raised in Massachusetts. Her older sisters both married into money and prestige, with Betsey and Minnie being the second and third wives of James Roosevelt and John Hay Whitney, respectively. The media referred to them as the "fabulous Cushing sisters."<mask> was presented as a debutante in Boston in October 1934, with Roosevelt's sons in attendance. The beginning of her social career was marked by her debut during the Great Depression. She graduated from Boston's Winsor School in 1934. As a fashion editor, <mask> worked for Vogue in New York City. Her position at Vogue gave her access to designer clothes in exchange for her high profile image. Time magazine voted her the second best dressed woman after Aimée de Heeren. In 1945 and 1946, she was named to the best-dressed list.After her second marriage, she left her job at Vogue. Style Paley is going to create an ideal social world for herself. Billy Baldwin was hired by the couple to decorate their apartment. The weekend was spent at Kiluna Farm in Manhasset, Long Island, where a succession of landscape architects and garden designers beautified the grounds. The more distant retreat, Kiluna North, on Squam Lake in New Hampshire, was purchased in 1957 and they entertained celebrities who welcomed the privacy. The group of "swans" that Capote included were Gloria Guinness, Marella Agnelli, and C.Z. A guest.When he published excerpts of his work in progress, Answered Prayers, a tell-all of New York's elite, <mask> dropped Capote as a friend. <mask> was a member of the Fashion Hall of Fame after being on the best-dressed list fourteen times. She used to buy entire haute couture collections from renowned fashion houses. Her style influenced many women, but as Bill said, "I never saw her not grab anyone's attention, the hair, the makeup, the crispness." You didn't pay much attention to what she was wearing, but you noticed <mask> and nothing else. Her personal style was influential. Millions of women emulated a trendy tidal wave that was created by a photograph of <mask> with a scarf tied to her handbag.She embraced letting her hair go gray instead of dyeing it, and mixed extravagant jewelry by Fulco di Verdura and Jean Schlumberger with costume pieces. She met and married Stanley Grafton Mortimer Jr., the brother of an old and prominent New York family, in 1940. She and Mortimer had two children before their marriage ended in 1946, one of which was Stanley Grafton Mortimer III. The wife of Carter Burden Jr. was a descendant of the Vanderbilt family. She married Steven Ross, the CEO of Time Warner, in 1979. They divorced again in 1981. <mask> neglected her children while in pursuit of social status and depended on her husband's wealth to support her lavish lifestyle according to several retrospectives.The distance was her choice, not mine, as her daughter admitted that their relationship was "virtually nonexistent". She received a settlement based on a trust fund. In 1946, she met William "Pasha" <mask>, who was estranged from his wife. <mask> was wealthy and wanted to be a part of New York's café society. Until that time, <mask> had effectively been shut out of the society because of his social connections. <mask> was offered wealth, security, and worldliness by <mask>. On July 24, 1947, <mask> and <mask> were married, after <mask>'s ex- husband remarried to Kathleen Harriman, the daughter of W. Averell Harriman.Bill and <mask> had two more children. Alison Van Metre is the daughter of Albert Van Metre. Shortly after the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy, <mask> made her "nondebut". As <mask> carried on with extramarital affairs, he was lonely and frustrated. She and her family were affected by this psychological battering. She was constantly under scrutiny to maintain the unrealistic image of a social and fashion goddess. Her health was affected by external pressures and a two-pack-a-day cigarette habit.<mask> was diagnosed with lung cancer in 1974. The food and wine selections that would be served at the funeral luncheon were planned by her in preparation for her death. She allocated her jewelry collection to friends and family, wrapped them in colorful paper, and created a complete file system with directions as to how they would be distributed after her death. On July 6, 1978, she died of lung cancer at the age of 63. The Memorial Cemetery of St. John's Church is in Cold Spring Harbor, New York. <mask> was buried next to her. After her death, <mask> is still an icon in the world of fashion and style.Truman Capote commented that <mask> had only one fault. She was perfect. Otherwise, she was perfect. <mask>'s style is still used by many fashion designers and interior designers. Many Americans aspire to be like <mask> and her "swans", an example of the young, attractive, and affluent class. In popular culture <mask> has been portrayed in the following films and mini-series: Life of the Party: The Pamela Harriman Story, Capote, and Infamous. The film version of Judith was portrayed by Dyan Cannon.<mask> is referred to as the muse of Truman Capote in Melanie Benjamin's book The Swans of Fifth Avenue. Sally Bedell was read by Smith. The life and times of William S<mask> are celebrated. New York, Simon and Schuster. David Grafton. The Lives and Times of the Fabulous Cushing Sisters were written by <mask> <mask> and Betsey Roosevelt Whitney. Villard was born in 1992.The Power of Style - The Women Who Defined The Art of Living Well was published in 1994. Carol Prisant. Babe and I. The December edition of Town & Country. 152–156 Domino magazine's "Editor's Pick - <mask>" features a photo of <mask> at her Round Hill Villa in Jamaica, inspired by her time in Jamaica. | [
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42113424 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulani%20Davis | Thulani Davis | Thulani Davis (born 1949) is an American playwright, journalist, librettist, novelist, poet, and screenwriter. She is a graduate of Barnard College and attended graduate school at both the University of Pennsylvania and Columbia University.
In 1992, Davis received a Grammy Award for her album notes on Aretha Franklin's Queen Of Soul – The Atlantic Recordings, becoming the first female recipient of this award. She has collaborated with her cousin, composer Anthony Davis, writing the librettos to two operas.
Davis wrote for the Village Voice for more than a decade, including the obituary for fellow poet and Barnard alumna June Jordan. She was a mentor to a young Greg Tate, before he emerged as an influential journalist and cultural critic. Thulani Davis is a contemporary of and collaborator with Ntozake Shange.
Biography
Thulani Davis was born to two African-American educators from Virginia, Willie ("Billie") Louise (née Barbour) Davis and Collis Huntington Davis, Sr. The Davises are prominent in Virginia and the subject of her 2006 book, My Confederate Kinfolk.
Davis graduated from the Putney School in 1966 and continued her education at Barnard College, from which she graduated in 1970. Davis also attended graduate school at the University of Pennsylvania and Columbia University. After graduating from Barnard, Davis moved to San Francisco, where she worked as a reporter for the San Francisco Sun-Reporter, reporting on news stories such as the Soledad Brothers trial and the Angela Davis case.
Davis became a performing poet and worked with a number of musicians and poets in San Francisco. She also joined the Third World Artists Collective, collaborating with Ntozake Shange and others.
Davis returned to New York City in the 1970s. There, she wrote for the Village Voice for 13 years, eventually working her way up to serve as Senior Editor.
In 1981, she introduced family friend and protégé Greg Tate to The Village Voice music editor Robert Christgau, who asked Tate to contribute to the Voice, where he quickly established himself as one of the influential cultural critics of his generation.
In the mid-1980s Davis collaborated with her cousin, composer Anthony Davis, on creating their first opera. She wrote the libretto to X, The Life and Times of Malcolm X.
The two collaborated again in the 1990s when Davis wrote the libretto to Amistad (1997), first produced by the Chicago Lyric Opera.
Tim Page of The Washington Post thought the work had missed some chances. It was based on a case of an apparent slave mutiny on a Spanish ship, which reached the United States Supreme Court. Page wrote,
"the incident is a welcome historical example of the United States behaving with wisdom and compassion toward the helpless and downtrodden. This is grudgingly and elusively acknowledged in the opera, but nowhere near so forcefully stated as it should have been, particularly with all the distasteful examples of white racism that were paraded throughout the evening. To paraphrase Walt Whitman, the abolitionist movement had been simmering, simmering, simmering, until the Amistad Rebellion brought it to a boil."
Amistad received a major revision in libretto and music in 2008 for a new production at the Spoleto USA festival. Opera Today said that it was
"much leaner, more focused and dramatically far more effective than the original. And in so doing they {the Davises] created not only a masterpiece of American opera, but further a work that — against a contemporary horizon darkened by undercurrents of racism — resonates today far beyond Memminger and Spoleto USA."
After her return to New York City, Davis also became involved in the creation of documentaries and dramatic films. Her filmmaker brother, Collis Huntington Davis, Jr., introduced her to other black filmmakers. The first documentary she was associated with aired on PBS. She continues to work on creative projects including operas, films, novels, and plays.
Davis is an ordained Buddhist priest in the Jodo Shinshu sect. She founded the Brooklyn Buddhist Association with her husband Joseph Jarman.
Works
Books
My Confederate Kinfolk (2006)
Maker of Saints (1996)
Malcolm X: The Great Photographs (1993)
1959, a novel (1992)
Playing the Changes (1985)
All the Renegade Ghosts Rise (1978)
Plays
The Souls of Black Folk (2003)
Everybody's Ruby: Story of a Murder in Florida (1999)
Ava & Cat in Mexico (1994)
Adaptation, Brecht's The Caucasian Chalk Circle (1990)
Paint (1982)
Shadow & Veil, with Ntozake Shange, Jessica Hagedorn, Laurie Carlos, et al. (1982)
Sweet Talk and Stray Desires (1979)
Where the Mississippi Meets the Amazon, with Shange and Hagedorn (1977)
Musical works
Dark Passages (1998)
Amistad, an opera, libretto (1997/revised 2008)
A Woman Unadorned (1994)
Baobab Four (1994)
The E. & O. Line, an electronic opera, libretto (1989)
X, The Life and Times of Malcolm X, an opera, libretto (1986)
X-cerpts (1987)
Steppin' Other Shores (1983)
See Tee's New Blues (1982)
Filmography
Films
Paid in Full, screenwriter (2002)
Maker of Saints, co-producer (2010)
Documentaries and recordings
I'll Make Me a World: Black Creative Minds in the 20th Century
W. E. B. Du Bois: A Biography in Four Voices (1996)
Thulani Davis Asks, 'Why Howard Beach?''' (1988)
Thulani (1984–86)
Reflections (2002)
The Musical Railism of Anne LeBaron (1998)
Songposts, Vol. 1 (1991)
Without Borders (1989)
Fanfare for the Warriors'' (1985)
Awards and recognition
Inaugural fellow, The Leon Levy Center for Biography, City University of New York Graduate Center, 2008–09
Fellow, The Newington-Cropsey Foundation Academy of Art, 2007–08
Fellow, The Charles H. Revson Fellows Program on the Future of the City of New York at Columbia University, 2003–04
Declared an Admiral of The Great Navy of the State of Nebraska by the Governor of Nebraska, 2004
The New York Coalition of One Hundred Black Women, First Annual Legacies Award, for Achieving Unparallelled Excellence in the Arts, 2003
Induction in the Black Writers Hall of Fame, 1998
The Ralph Metcalfe Chair, Marquette University, Milwaukee, 1998
The Paul Robeson Cultural Democracy Award, The Chicago Center for Arts Policy, 1998
David Randolph Distinguished Artist-in-Residence, The New School, NY, 1998
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Artist-in-residence, 1996
Lila Wallace-Reader's Digest Writers Award, 1996–99
PEW National Theatre Artist Residency Grant, 1993–95
Grammy Award, Best Album Notes, Aretha Franklin, "The Atlantic Recordings", 1993, First woman to win in category
Grammy Nomination, Best New Work, Classical, "X, The Life & Times...," 1993
Chicago Humanities Festival Award, 1992
New York Foundation for the Arts, The Gregory Millard Fellowship Award, Fiction, 1988
Manhattan Borough President's Awards, Excellence in the Arts & Literature, 1987
New York State Council on the Arts, Writer in Residency Award, 1987
The Fannie Lou Hamer Award, Medgar Evers College, Women's Center, 1987
References
Sources
Thulani Davis Collection at Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library
1948 births
Living people
American women dramatists and playwrights
American women poets
African-American dramatists and playwrights
African-American poets
Barnard College alumni
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
American women novelists
African-American novelists
American opera librettists
21st-century American women writers
20th-century American women writers
20th-century American poets
20th-century American dramatists and playwrights
21st-century American poets
Women opera librettists
The Putney School alumni
American Book Award winners
20th-century African-American women
20th-century African-American writers
21st-century African-American women
21st-century African-American writers
African-American women writers | [
"Thulani Davis (born 1949) is an American playwright, journalist, librettist, novelist, poet, and screenwriter.",
"She is a graduate of Barnard College and attended graduate school at both the University of Pennsylvania and Columbia University.",
"In 1992, Davis received a Grammy Award for her album notes on Aretha Franklin's Queen Of Soul – The Atlantic Recordings, becoming the first female recipient of this award.",
"She has collaborated with her cousin, composer Anthony Davis, writing the librettos to two operas.",
"Davis wrote for the Village Voice for more than a decade, including the obituary for fellow poet and Barnard alumna June Jordan.",
"She was a mentor to a young Greg Tate, before he emerged as an influential journalist and cultural critic.",
"Thulani Davis is a contemporary of and collaborator with Ntozake Shange.",
"Biography\nThulani Davis was born to two African-American educators from Virginia, Willie (\"Billie\") Louise (née Barbour) Davis and Collis Huntington Davis, Sr.",
"The Davises are prominent in Virginia and the subject of her 2006 book, My Confederate Kinfolk.",
"Davis graduated from the Putney School in 1966 and continued her education at Barnard College, from which she graduated in 1970.",
"Davis also attended graduate school at the University of Pennsylvania and Columbia University.",
"After graduating from Barnard, Davis moved to San Francisco, where she worked as a reporter for the San Francisco Sun-Reporter, reporting on news stories such as the Soledad Brothers trial and the Angela Davis case.",
"Davis became a performing poet and worked with a number of musicians and poets in San Francisco.",
"She also joined the Third World Artists Collective, collaborating with Ntozake Shange and others.",
"Davis returned to New York City in the 1970s.",
"There, she wrote for the Village Voice for 13 years, eventually working her way up to serve as Senior Editor.",
"In 1981, she introduced family friend and protégé Greg Tate to The Village Voice music editor Robert Christgau, who asked Tate to contribute to the Voice, where he quickly established himself as one of the influential cultural critics of his generation.",
"In the mid-1980s Davis collaborated with her cousin, composer Anthony Davis, on creating their first opera.",
"She wrote the libretto to X, The Life and Times of Malcolm X.",
"The two collaborated again in the 1990s when Davis wrote the libretto to Amistad (1997), first produced by the Chicago Lyric Opera.",
"Tim Page of The Washington Post thought the work had missed some chances.",
"It was based on a case of an apparent slave mutiny on a Spanish ship, which reached the United States Supreme Court.",
"Page wrote, \n\"the incident is a welcome historical example of the United States behaving with wisdom and compassion toward the helpless and downtrodden.",
"This is grudgingly and elusively acknowledged in the opera, but nowhere near so forcefully stated as it should have been, particularly with all the distasteful examples of white racism that were paraded throughout the evening.",
"To paraphrase Walt Whitman, the abolitionist movement had been simmering, simmering, simmering, until the Amistad Rebellion brought it to a boil.\"",
"Amistad received a major revision in libretto and music in 2008 for a new production at the Spoleto USA festival.",
"Opera Today said that it was \n\"much leaner, more focused and dramatically far more effective than the original.",
"And in so doing they {the Davises] created not only a masterpiece of American opera, but further a work that — against a contemporary horizon darkened by undercurrents of racism — resonates today far beyond Memminger and Spoleto USA.\"",
"After her return to New York City, Davis also became involved in the creation of documentaries and dramatic films.",
"Her filmmaker brother, Collis Huntington Davis, Jr., introduced her to other black filmmakers.",
"The first documentary she was associated with aired on PBS.",
"She continues to work on creative projects including operas, films, novels, and plays.",
"Davis is an ordained Buddhist priest in the Jodo Shinshu sect.",
"She founded the Brooklyn Buddhist Association with her husband Joseph Jarman.",
"Works\n\nBooks \n My Confederate Kinfolk (2006) \n Maker of Saints (1996) \n Malcolm X: The Great Photographs (1993) \n 1959, a novel (1992) \n Playing the Changes (1985) \n All the Renegade Ghosts Rise (1978)\n\nPlays \n The Souls of Black Folk (2003) \n Everybody's Ruby: Story of a Murder in Florida (1999) \n Ava & Cat in Mexico (1994) \n Adaptation, Brecht's The Caucasian Chalk Circle (1990) \n Paint (1982) \n Shadow & Veil, with Ntozake Shange, Jessica Hagedorn, Laurie Carlos, et al.",
"(1982) \n Sweet Talk and Stray Desires (1979) \n Where the Mississippi Meets the Amazon, with Shange and Hagedorn (1977)\n\nMusical works \n Dark Passages (1998)\n Amistad, an opera, libretto (1997/revised 2008) \n A Woman Unadorned (1994) \n Baobab Four (1994) \n The E. & O.",
"Line, an electronic opera, libretto (1989) \n X, The Life and Times of Malcolm X, an opera, libretto (1986) \n X-cerpts (1987) \n Steppin' Other Shores (1983) \n See Tee's New Blues (1982)\n\nFilmography\n\nFilms\n Paid in Full, screenwriter (2002)\n Maker of Saints, co-producer (2010)\n\nDocumentaries and recordings\n I'll Make Me a World: Black Creative Minds in the 20th Century\n W. E. B.",
"Du Bois: A Biography in Four Voices (1996)\n Thulani Davis Asks, 'Why Howard Beach?'''",
"(1988)\n Thulani (1984–86)\n Reflections (2002)\n The Musical Railism of Anne LeBaron (1998)\n Songposts, Vol.",
"Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library\n\n1948 births\nLiving people\nAmerican women dramatists and playwrights\nAmerican women poets\nAfrican-American dramatists and playwrights\nAfrican-American poets\nBarnard College alumni\n20th-century American novelists\n21st-century American novelists\nAmerican women novelists\nAfrican-American novelists\nAmerican opera librettists\n21st-century American women writers\n20th-century American women writers\n20th-century American poets\n20th-century American dramatists and playwrights\n21st-century American poets\nWomen opera librettists\nThe Putney School alumni\nAmerican Book Award winners\n20th-century African-American women\n20th-century African-American writers\n21st-century African-American women\n21st-century African-American writers\nAfrican-American women writers"
] | [
"Davis is an American playwright, journalist, librettist, novelist, poet, and screenwriter.",
"She attended graduate school at both the University of Pennsylvania and Columbia University.",
"The first female recipient of the award was Davis, who received it for her album notes on Queen of Soul.",
"Two operas were written by her cousin, Anthony Davis.",
"June Jordan's obituary was written by Davis for the Village Voice for more than a decade.",
"She was Greg Tate's mentor before he became an influential journalist and cultural critic.",
"Ntozake Shange and Thulani Davis are contemporary of each other.",
"Willie \"Billie\" Louise Barbour Davis and Collis Huntington Davis, Jr. were two African-American educators from Virginia.",
"The subject of her 2006 book, My Confederate Kinfolk, is the Davises.",
"Davis graduated from the Putney School in 1966 and went on to college at Barnard College.",
"The University of Pennsylvania and Columbia University were where Davis attended graduate school.",
"After graduating from Barnard, Davis moved to San Francisco, where she worked as a reporter for the San Francisco Sun-Reporter, reporting on news stories such as the Soledad Brothers trial.",
"In San Francisco, Davis worked with a number of musicians and poets.",
"She was a member of the Third World Artists Collective.",
"Davis lived in New York City in the 70s.",
"She worked her way up to Senior Editor after 13 years at the Village Voice.",
"She introduced Greg Tate to Robert Christgau, The Village Voice music editor, who asked Tate to contribute to the Voice, where he quickly established himself as one of the influential cultural critics of his generation.",
"Their first opera was created by Davis and Anthony Davis.",
"The Life and Times of Malcolm X was written by her.",
"The Chicago Lyric Opera produced Amistad, the first opera written by Davis, in 1997.",
"The Washington Post's Tim Page thought the work missed some chances.",
"The case of an apparent slave mutiny on a Spanish ship reached the United States Supreme Court.",
"The incident is a good example of the United States acting with compassion and wisdom.",
"This is grudgingly and elusively acknowledged in the opera, but nowhere near as forcefully as it should have been, particularly with all the distasteful examples of white racism that were paraded throughout the evening.",
"The Amistad Rebellion brought the abolitionist movement to a boil.",
"A new production of Amistad was revised in 2008 for the Spoleto USA festival.",
"Opera Today said that it was much leaner, more focused and more effective than the original.",
"The Davises created not only a masterpiece of American opera, but further a work that echoes today far beyond Memminger and Spoleto USA.",
"Davis became involved in the creation of documentary and dramatic films after returning to New York City.",
"Her brother introduced her to other black filmmakers.",
"PBS aired the first documentary she was associated with.",
"She works on operas, films, novels, and plays.",
"Davis is a priest in the Jodo Shinshu sect.",
"The Brooklyn Buddhist Association was founded by her.",
"My Confederate Kinfolk is a book by Works Books and Malcolm X: The Great Photographs is a book by Malcolm X.",
"Dark Passages is an opera, and A Woman Unadorned is an opera.",
"Line, an electronic opera, X, The Life and Times of Malcolm X, an opera, and Steppin' Other Shores were all written by the same person.",
"Du Bois is a biography in four voices.",
"Reflections is a musical railism of Anne LeBaron.",
"The Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library was founded in 1948."
] | <mask> (born 1949) is an American playwright, journalist, librettist, novelist, poet, and screenwriter. She is a graduate of Barnard College and attended graduate school at both the University of Pennsylvania and Columbia University. In 1992, <mask> received a Grammy Award for her album notes on Aretha Franklin's Queen Of Soul – The Atlantic Recordings, becoming the first female recipient of this award. She has collaborated with her cousin, composer <mask>, writing the librettos to two operas. <mask> wrote for the Village Voice for more than a decade, including the obituary for fellow poet and Barnard alumna June Jordan. She was a mentor to a young Greg Tate, before he emerged as an influential journalist and cultural critic. <mask> is a contemporary of and collaborator with Ntozake Shange.Biography
<mask> <mask> was born to two African-American educators from Virginia, Willie ("Billie") Louise (née Barbour) <mask> and Collis <mask>, Sr. The <mask>es are prominent in Virginia and the subject of her 2006 book, My Confederate Kinfolk. <mask> graduated from the Putney School in 1966 and continued her education at Barnard College, from which she graduated in 1970. <mask> also attended graduate school at the University of Pennsylvania and Columbia University. After graduating from Barnard, <mask> moved to San Francisco, where she worked as a reporter for the San Francisco Sun-Reporter, reporting on news stories such as the Soledad Brothers trial and the <mask> case. <mask> became a performing poet and worked with a number of musicians and poets in San Francisco. She also joined the Third World Artists Collective, collaborating with Ntozake Shange and others.<mask> returned to New York City in the 1970s. There, she wrote for the Village Voice for 13 years, eventually working her way up to serve as Senior Editor. In 1981, she introduced family friend and protégé Greg Tate to The Village Voice music editor Robert Christgau, who asked Tate to contribute to the Voice, where he quickly established himself as one of the influential cultural critics of his generation. In the mid-1980s <mask> collaborated with her cousin, composer <mask>, on creating their first opera. She wrote the libretto to X, The Life and Times of Malcolm X. The two collaborated again in the 1990s when <mask> wrote the libretto to Amistad (1997), first produced by the Chicago Lyric Opera. Tim Page of The Washington Post thought the work had missed some chances.It was based on a case of an apparent slave mutiny on a Spanish ship, which reached the United States Supreme Court. Page wrote,
"the incident is a welcome historical example of the United States behaving with wisdom and compassion toward the helpless and downtrodden. This is grudgingly and elusively acknowledged in the opera, but nowhere near so forcefully stated as it should have been, particularly with all the distasteful examples of white racism that were paraded throughout the evening. To paraphrase Walt Whitman, the abolitionist movement had been simmering, simmering, simmering, until the Amistad Rebellion brought it to a boil." Amistad received a major revision in libretto and music in 2008 for a new production at the Spoleto USA festival. Opera Today said that it was
"much leaner, more focused and dramatically far more effective than the original. And in so doing they {the <mask>es] created not only a masterpiece of American opera, but further a work that — against a contemporary horizon darkened by undercurrents of racism — resonates today far beyond Memminger and Spoleto USA."After her return to New York City, <mask> also became involved in the creation of documentaries and dramatic films. Her filmmaker brother, Collis <mask>, Jr., introduced her to other black filmmakers. The first documentary she was associated with aired on PBS. She continues to work on creative projects including operas, films, novels, and plays. <mask> is an ordained Buddhist priest in the Jodo Shinshu sect. She founded the Brooklyn Buddhist Association with her husband Joseph Jarman. Works
Books
My Confederate Kinfolk (2006)
Maker of Saints (1996)
Malcolm X: The Great Photographs (1993)
1959, a novel (1992)
Playing the Changes (1985)
All the Renegade Ghosts Rise (1978)
Plays
The Souls of Black Folk (2003)
Everybody's Ruby: Story of a Murder in Florida (1999)
Ava & Cat in Mexico (1994)
Adaptation, Brecht's The Caucasian Chalk Circle (1990)
Paint (1982)
Shadow & Veil, with Ntozake Shange, Jessica Hagedorn, Laurie Carlos, et al.(1982)
Sweet Talk and Stray Desires (1979)
Where the Mississippi Meets the Amazon, with Shange and Hagedorn (1977)
Musical works
Dark Passages (1998)
Amistad, an opera, libretto (1997/revised 2008)
A Woman Unadorned (1994)
Baobab Four (1994)
The E. & O. Line, an electronic opera, libretto (1989)
X, The Life and Times of Malcolm X, an opera, libretto (1986)
X-cerpts (1987)
Steppin' Other Shores (1983)
See Tee's New Blues (1982)
Filmography
Films
Paid in Full, screenwriter (2002)
Maker of Saints, co-producer (2010)
Documentaries and recordings
I'll Make Me a World: Black Creative Minds in the 20th Century
W. E. B. Du Bois: A Biography in Four Voices (1996)
Thulani <mask> Asks, 'Why Howard Beach?''' (1988)
Thulani (1984–86)
Reflections (2002)
The Musical Railism of Anne LeBaron (1998)
Songposts, Vol. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library
1948 births
Living people
American women dramatists and playwrights
American women poets
African-American dramatists and playwrights
African-American poets
Barnard College alumni
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
American women novelists
African-American novelists
American opera librettists
21st-century American women writers
20th-century American women writers
20th-century American poets
20th-century American dramatists and playwrights
21st-century American poets
Women opera librettists
The Putney School alumni
American Book Award winners
20th-century African-American women
20th-century African-American writers
21st-century African-American women
21st-century African-American writers
African-American women writers | [
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3641683 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis%20Crozier | Francis Crozier | Francis Rawdon Moira Crozier (17 September 1796 – disappeared 26 April 1848) was an Irish officer of the Royal Navy and polar explorer who participated in six expeditions to the Arctic and Antarctic. In May 1845, he was second-in-command to Sir John Franklin and captain of during the Franklin expedition to discover the Northwest Passage, which ended with the loss of all 129 crewmen in mysterious circumstances.
Early life
Francis Crozier was born in Banbridge, County Down, in Ulster, the northern province in Ireland. He was the eleventh of thirteen children, and the fifth son of solicitor George Crozier, who named him after his friend Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 2nd Earl of Moira. Crozier attended school locally in Banbridge, with his brothers William and Thomas, and lived with his family in Avonmore House which his father had built in 1792, in the centre of Banbridge.
Naval service
At the age of 13, Crozier volunteered for the Royal Navy and joined HMS Hamadryad in June 1810. In 1812, he served on and visited Pitcairn Island in 1814, where he met the last surviving mutineers from . In 1817, he received his certificate as mate; in 1818, he served on during a trip to the Cape of Good Hope.
Crozier joined Captain William Parry's second Arctic expedition to traverse the Northwest Passage in 1821. He served as midshipman on Parry's , which was accompanied by Captain Lyon's . He returned to the North with Parry a second time in 1824, this time on Hecla. The journey resulted in the sinking of Fury off Somerset Island. Crozier was promoted to lieutenant in 1826, and a year later, he once more joined Parry in his attempt to reach the North Pole; ultimately a futile endeavour.
During his voyages, Crozier became a close friend and confidante of the explorer James Clark Ross. He was elected to become a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1827, after conducting valuable astronomical and magnetic studies on his three expeditions with Parry.
He was appointed to the frigate in 1831, and served off the coast of Portugal during the Liberal Wars, the country's civil war. Crozier joined Clark Ross as second-in-command of HMS Cove in 1835, to assist in the search for 12 lost British whaling ships in the Arctic. Crozier was appointed to the rank of commander in 1837.
Ross expedition
In 1839, Crozier again joined James Clark Ross on the Ross expedition, as second-in-command of a four-year voyage to explore the Antarctic continent in the ships and . Crozier commanded Terror, and was appointed to the rank of captain in 1841. Erebus and Terror returned in 1843, having made the most significant penetration of the Antarctic pack ice and discovered large parts of the continent—including the Ross Sea and Ross Island, Mount Erebus and the Ross Ice Shelf.
Crozier was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1843, in recognition of his outstanding work on magnetism.
Franklin expedition
In 1845, Crozier joined Captain Sir John Franklin as captain of the on the Franklin expedition to traverse the last unnavigated section of the Northwest Passage. Crozier was considered to lead this expedition, but his Irish ancestry and humble birth counted against him. The privilege of selecting subordinating officers, almost always given to the second-in-command, was given to James Fitzjames. After Franklin's death in June 1847, he took command of the expedition, and his fate and those of the other expedition members remained a mystery until 1859, when a note written by Crozier and James Fitzjames, captain of the Erebus, was discovered on King William Island during an expedition led by Francis McClintock. Dated 25 April 1848, the note indicated that the ships—stuck in thick pack ice—had been abandoned. Nine officers, including Sir John Franklin, and 15 crewmen had died. Also stated was their intention, on 26 April, to set out on foot for Back's Great Fish River on the Canadian mainland.
Unverified Inuit reports collected between 1852 and 1858 indicate that Crozier and one other expedition member might have been seen in the Baker Lake area, about to the south, where, in 1948, Farley Mowat found "a very ancient cairn, not of normal Eskimo construction," inside which were fragments of a hardwood box with dovetail joints. McClintock and later searchers found relics, graves, and human remains of the Franklin crew on Beechey Island, King William Island, and the northern coast of the Canadian mainland.
Ships' location
In 2014, the Victoria Strait Expedition found two items on Hat Island, in the Queen Maud Gulf, near King William Island; part of a boat-launching davit bearing the stamps of two Royal Navy broad arrows, and a wooden object, possibly a plug for a deck hawse, the iron pipe through which the ship's chain cable would descend into the chain locker below. The expedition located one of Franklin's two ships, preserved in reasonably good condition. The wreck lies at the bottom of the eastern portion of Queen Maud Gulf, west of O'Reilly Island and has been confirmed to be that of the Erebus. In 2016, a well-preserved ship matching Terrors description was located in Terror Bay, off the southern coast of King William Island. The exploration of the wrecks continues.
Legacy
In January 2008, Crozier's home town of Banbridge hosted a memorial event, which included a service of remembrance and thanksgiving at the Church of the Holy Trinity, which was attended by more than a hundred descendants of Crozier and other officers of Franklin's lost expedition and those who searched for it, along with the chairman of Banbridge Council, and several Arctic historians, including Michael Smith and Russell Potter.
A memorial to Sir John Franklin and his men was erected by order of Parliament in 1858, in the Painted Hall of London's Greenwich Hospital. It was moved to Greenwich Royal Naval College's chapel in 1937, and was re-erected in the entrance of the former college in late 2009. At the service of thanksgiving on 29 October 2009, polar travellers and descendants of the expedition's crew celebrated their contributions.
Namesake
Geographical features named after Crozier include:
Cape Crozier on the eastern side of Ross Island, Antarctica
Cape Crozier on the western flank of King William Island, in the Canadian Arctic
Cape Crozier at the western entrance of the Bay of Mercy on Banks Island, in the Canadian Arctic
Crozier Strait which lies between Cornwallis and Bathurst Islands, in the Canadian Arctic
Crozier River, near Fury and Hecla Strait in the Canadian Arctic
Crozier Point on Spitsbergen, in the Arctic north of Norway
Crozier Channel, to the north of Banks Island in the Canadian Arctic
Crozier Island in the Kennedy Channel, between Greenland and Ellesmere Island
The lunar crater Crozier, located at 13.5° S, 50.8° E on the Moon's near side
Crozier Hill, Victor Harbor, South Australia
Crozier Place, a street in Stanley, Falkland Islands
The hydrographic survey vessel HMS Crozier was named after him in 1919.
Popular culture
Francis Crozier appears as a character and the primary narrator of the 2007 best-selling novel, The Terror by Dan Simmons, a fictionalized account of Franklin's lost expedition, as well as the 2018 television adaptation, where Crozier is portrayed by Jared Harris.
References
External links
19th-century explorers
19th-century Royal Navy personnel
1796 births
1840s deaths
Date of death unknown
Recipients of the Polar Medal
Fellows of the Royal Society
Irish Antarctic explorers
Irish Arctic explorers
Irish people of Norman descent
Lost explorers
People from Banbridge
Royal Navy officers
Franklin's lost expedition | [
"Francis Rawdon Moira Crozier (17 September 1796 – disappeared 26 April 1848) was an Irish officer of the Royal Navy and polar explorer who participated in six expeditions to the Arctic and Antarctic.",
"In May 1845, he was second-in-command to Sir John Franklin and captain of during the Franklin expedition to discover the Northwest Passage, which ended with the loss of all 129 crewmen in mysterious circumstances.",
"Early life \nFrancis Crozier was born in Banbridge, County Down, in Ulster, the northern province in Ireland.",
"He was the eleventh of thirteen children, and the fifth son of solicitor George Crozier, who named him after his friend Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 2nd Earl of Moira.",
"Crozier attended school locally in Banbridge, with his brothers William and Thomas, and lived with his family in Avonmore House which his father had built in 1792, in the centre of Banbridge.",
"Naval service \nAt the age of 13, Crozier volunteered for the Royal Navy and joined HMS Hamadryad in June 1810.",
"In 1812, he served on and visited Pitcairn Island in 1814, where he met the last surviving mutineers from .",
"In 1817, he received his certificate as mate; in 1818, he served on during a trip to the Cape of Good Hope.",
"Crozier joined Captain William Parry's second Arctic expedition to traverse the Northwest Passage in 1821.",
"He served as midshipman on Parry's , which was accompanied by Captain Lyon's .",
"He returned to the North with Parry a second time in 1824, this time on Hecla.",
"The journey resulted in the sinking of Fury off Somerset Island.",
"Crozier was promoted to lieutenant in 1826, and a year later, he once more joined Parry in his attempt to reach the North Pole; ultimately a futile endeavour.",
"During his voyages, Crozier became a close friend and confidante of the explorer James Clark Ross.",
"He was elected to become a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1827, after conducting valuable astronomical and magnetic studies on his three expeditions with Parry.",
"He was appointed to the frigate in 1831, and served off the coast of Portugal during the Liberal Wars, the country's civil war.",
"Crozier joined Clark Ross as second-in-command of HMS Cove in 1835, to assist in the search for 12 lost British whaling ships in the Arctic.",
"Crozier was appointed to the rank of commander in 1837.",
"Ross expedition \n\nIn 1839, Crozier again joined James Clark Ross on the Ross expedition, as second-in-command of a four-year voyage to explore the Antarctic continent in the ships and .",
"Crozier commanded Terror, and was appointed to the rank of captain in 1841.",
"Erebus and Terror returned in 1843, having made the most significant penetration of the Antarctic pack ice and discovered large parts of the continent—including the Ross Sea and Ross Island, Mount Erebus and the Ross Ice Shelf.",
"Crozier was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1843, in recognition of his outstanding work on magnetism.",
"Franklin expedition \nIn 1845, Crozier joined Captain Sir John Franklin as captain of the on the Franklin expedition to traverse the last unnavigated section of the Northwest Passage.",
"Crozier was considered to lead this expedition, but his Irish ancestry and humble birth counted against him.",
"The privilege of selecting subordinating officers, almost always given to the second-in-command, was given to James Fitzjames.",
"After Franklin's death in June 1847, he took command of the expedition, and his fate and those of the other expedition members remained a mystery until 1859, when a note written by Crozier and James Fitzjames, captain of the Erebus, was discovered on King William Island during an expedition led by Francis McClintock.",
"Dated 25 April 1848, the note indicated that the ships—stuck in thick pack ice—had been abandoned.",
"Nine officers, including Sir John Franklin, and 15 crewmen had died.",
"Also stated was their intention, on 26 April, to set out on foot for Back's Great Fish River on the Canadian mainland.",
"Unverified Inuit reports collected between 1852 and 1858 indicate that Crozier and one other expedition member might have been seen in the Baker Lake area, about to the south, where, in 1948, Farley Mowat found \"a very ancient cairn, not of normal Eskimo construction,\" inside which were fragments of a hardwood box with dovetail joints.",
"McClintock and later searchers found relics, graves, and human remains of the Franklin crew on Beechey Island, King William Island, and the northern coast of the Canadian mainland.",
"Ships' location \nIn 2014, the Victoria Strait Expedition found two items on Hat Island, in the Queen Maud Gulf, near King William Island; part of a boat-launching davit bearing the stamps of two Royal Navy broad arrows, and a wooden object, possibly a plug for a deck hawse, the iron pipe through which the ship's chain cable would descend into the chain locker below.",
"The expedition located one of Franklin's two ships, preserved in reasonably good condition.",
"The wreck lies at the bottom of the eastern portion of Queen Maud Gulf, west of O'Reilly Island and has been confirmed to be that of the Erebus.",
"In 2016, a well-preserved ship matching Terrors description was located in Terror Bay, off the southern coast of King William Island.",
"The exploration of the wrecks continues.",
"Legacy \n\nIn January 2008, Crozier's home town of Banbridge hosted a memorial event, which included a service of remembrance and thanksgiving at the Church of the Holy Trinity, which was attended by more than a hundred descendants of Crozier and other officers of Franklin's lost expedition and those who searched for it, along with the chairman of Banbridge Council, and several Arctic historians, including Michael Smith and Russell Potter.",
"A memorial to Sir John Franklin and his men was erected by order of Parliament in 1858, in the Painted Hall of London's Greenwich Hospital.",
"It was moved to Greenwich Royal Naval College's chapel in 1937, and was re-erected in the entrance of the former college in late 2009.",
"At the service of thanksgiving on 29 October 2009, polar travellers and descendants of the expedition's crew celebrated their contributions.",
"Namesake \nGeographical features named after Crozier include:\n Cape Crozier on the eastern side of Ross Island, Antarctica\n Cape Crozier on the western flank of King William Island, in the Canadian Arctic\n Cape Crozier at the western entrance of the Bay of Mercy on Banks Island, in the Canadian Arctic\n Crozier Strait which lies between Cornwallis and Bathurst Islands, in the Canadian Arctic\n Crozier River, near Fury and Hecla Strait in the Canadian Arctic\n Crozier Point on Spitsbergen, in the Arctic north of Norway\n Crozier Channel, to the north of Banks Island in the Canadian Arctic\n Crozier Island in the Kennedy Channel, between Greenland and Ellesmere Island\n The lunar crater Crozier, located at 13.5° S, 50.8° E on the Moon's near side\n Crozier Hill, Victor Harbor, South Australia\n Crozier Place, a street in Stanley, Falkland Islands\n The hydrographic survey vessel HMS Crozier was named after him in 1919.",
"Popular culture \nFrancis Crozier appears as a character and the primary narrator of the 2007 best-selling novel, The Terror by Dan Simmons, a fictionalized account of Franklin's lost expedition, as well as the 2018 television adaptation, where Crozier is portrayed by Jared Harris.",
"References\n\nExternal links \n\n \n \n\n19th-century explorers\n19th-century Royal Navy personnel\n1796 births\n1840s deaths\nDate of death unknown\nRecipients of the Polar Medal\nFellows of the Royal Society\nIrish Antarctic explorers\nIrish Arctic explorers\nIrish people of Norman descent\nLost explorers\nPeople from Banbridge\nRoyal Navy officers\nFranklin's lost expedition"
] | [
"An Irish officer of the Royal Navy and a polar explorer named Francis Rawdon Moira Crozier went missing in the middle of the 19th century.",
"He was second in command to Sir John Franklin when he led the Franklin expedition to discover the Northwest Passage.",
"Francis Crozier was born in Banbridge, County Down, in the northern province of Ireland.",
"The fifth son of George Crozier was named after his friend Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 2nd Earl of Moira.",
"Crozier lived with his family in the centre of Banbridge in the house his father built in the 18th century.",
"Crozier joined the Royal Navy at the age of 13.",
"He met the last surviving mutineers on Pitcairn Island in 1814, after serving on the island in 1812.",
"He received his certificate as mate in 1817 and served on during a trip to the Cape of Good Hope in 1818.",
"Crozier was on the second expedition to traverse the Northwest Passage.",
"He was a midshipman on Parry's.",
"He returned to the North with Parry again in 1824.",
"The journey resulted in the sinking of the ship.",
"Crozier was promoted to lieutenant a year after he joined Parry in his attempt to reach the North Pole.",
"Crozier was close to the explorer James Clark Ross.",
"He became a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society after conducting valuable studies on his three expeditions.",
"He served on the coast of Portugal during the Liberal Wars of the country's civil war.",
"In 1835, Crozier joined Clark Ross as second-in-command of HMS Cove to assist in the search for lost British whaling ships.",
"Crozier was appointed to the rank of commander.",
"Crozier joined James Clark Ross on the Ross expedition as second-in-command of a four-year voyage to explore the Antarctic continent in the ships.",
"Crozier was appointed to the rank of captain in 1841.",
"The Ross Sea and Ross Island, Mount Erebus and the Ross Ice Shelf were discovered by Erebus and Terror after they returned in 1843.",
"Crozier was a Fellow of the Royal Society in recognition of his work on magnetism.",
"Crozier was a part of the Franklin expedition that went to the last unnavigated section of the Northwest Passage.",
"Crozier's Irish ancestry and humble birth made him ineligible to lead the expedition.",
"James Fitzjames was given the privilege of selecting subordinating officers.",
"After Franklin's death in June 1847, he took command of the expedition, and his fate and those of the other expedition members remained a mystery until 1859, when a note written by Crozier and James Fitzjames, captain of the Erebus, was discovered on King William Island.",
"The ships were stuck in thick pack ice and had been abandoned.",
"Sir John Franklin and 15 crewmen died.",
"They intended to set out on foot for Back's Great Fish River on the Canadian mainland on 26 April.",
"There are unconfirmed reports that Crozier and one other member of the expedition may have been seen in the Baker Lake area.",
"The Franklin crew's remains were found on King William Island and on the northern coast of the Canadian mainland.",
"Part of a boat-launching davit bearing the stamps of two Royal Navy broad arrows and a wooden object were found on Hat Island by the Victoria Strait expedition.",
"One of Franklin's ships was located by the expedition.",
"The Erebus was found at the bottom of the eastern portion of Queen Maud Gulf, west of O'Reilly Island.",
"In 2016 a well-preserved ship matching the description was located in Terror Bay, off the southern coast of King William Island.",
"The wrecks are being explored.",
"In January 2008, Crozier's home town of Banbridge hosted a memorial event, which included a service of remembrance and thanksgiving at the Church of the Holy Trinity, which was attended by more than a hundred descendants of Crozier and other officers of Franklin's lost expedition.",
"Parliament ordered a memorial to Sir John Franklin and his men to be built in 1858.",
"It was re-erected in the entrance of the former college in late 2009.",
"The descendants of the expedition's crew celebrated their contributions at the service of thanksgiving.",
"Cape Crozier is on the eastern side of Ross Island, Cape Crozier is on the western side of King William Island, and Cape Crozier is on Banks Island.",
"Francis Crozier is the main narrator of The Terror by Dan Simmons, a fictionalized account of Franklin's lost expedition, as well as the television adaptation, where Crozier is portrayed byJared Harris.",
"People from Banbridge Royal Navy officers Franklin's lost expedition are mentioned in the External links."
] | <mask> (17 September 1796 – disappeared 26 April 1848) was an Irish officer of the Royal Navy and polar explorer who participated in six expeditions to the Arctic and Antarctic. In May 1845, he was second-in-command to Sir John Franklin and captain of during the Franklin expedition to discover the Northwest Passage, which ended with the loss of all 129 crewmen in mysterious circumstances. Early life
<mask> was born in Banbridge, County Down, in Ulster, the northern province in Ireland. He was the eleventh of thirteen children, and the fifth son of solicitor <mask>, who named him after his friend <mask>, 2nd Earl of Moira. <mask> attended school locally in Banbridge, with his brothers William and Thomas, and lived with his family in Avonmore House which his father had built in 1792, in the centre of Banbridge. Naval service
At the age of 13, <mask> volunteered for the Royal Navy and joined HMS Hamadryad in June 1810. In 1812, he served on and visited Pitcairn Island in 1814, where he met the last surviving mutineers from .In 1817, he received his certificate as mate; in 1818, he served on during a trip to the Cape of Good Hope. <mask> joined Captain William Parry's second Arctic expedition to traverse the Northwest Passage in 1821. He served as midshipman on Parry's , which was accompanied by Captain Lyon's . He returned to the North with Parry a second time in 1824, this time on Hecla. The journey resulted in the sinking of Fury off Somerset Island. <mask> was promoted to lieutenant in 1826, and a year later, he once more joined Parry in his attempt to reach the North Pole; ultimately a futile endeavour. During his voyages, <mask> became a close friend and confidante of the explorer James Clark Ross.He was elected to become a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1827, after conducting valuable astronomical and magnetic studies on his three expeditions with Parry. He was appointed to the frigate in 1831, and served off the coast of Portugal during the Liberal Wars, the country's civil war. <mask> joined Clark Ross as second-in-command of HMS Cove in 1835, to assist in the search for 12 lost British whaling ships in the Arctic. <mask> was appointed to the rank of commander in 1837. Ross expedition
In 1839, <mask> again joined James Clark Ross on the Ross expedition, as second-in-command of a four-year voyage to explore the Antarctic continent in the ships and . <mask> commanded Terror, and was appointed to the rank of captain in 1841. Erebus and Terror returned in 1843, having made the most significant penetration of the Antarctic pack ice and discovered large parts of the continent—including the Ross Sea and Ross Island, Mount Erebus and the Ross Ice Shelf.<mask> was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1843, in recognition of his outstanding work on magnetism. Franklin expedition
In 1845, <mask> joined Captain Sir John Franklin as captain of the on the Franklin expedition to traverse the last unnavigated section of the Northwest Passage. <mask> was considered to lead this expedition, but his Irish ancestry and humble birth counted against him. The privilege of selecting subordinating officers, almost always given to the second-in-command, was given to James Fitzjames. After Franklin's death in June 1847, he took command of the expedition, and his fate and those of the other expedition members remained a mystery until 1859, when a note written by <mask> and James Fitzjames, captain of the Erebus, was discovered on King William Island during an expedition led by <mask>. Dated 25 April 1848, the note indicated that the ships—stuck in thick pack ice—had been abandoned. Nine officers, including Sir John Franklin, and 15 crewmen had died.Also stated was their intention, on 26 April, to set out on foot for Back's Great Fish River on the Canadian mainland. Unverified Inuit reports collected between 1852 and 1858 indicate that <mask> and one other expedition member might have been seen in the Baker Lake area, about to the south, where, in 1948, Farley Mowat found "a very ancient cairn, not of normal Eskimo construction," inside which were fragments of a hardwood box with dovetail joints. McClintock and later searchers found relics, graves, and human remains of the Franklin crew on Beechey Island, King William Island, and the northern coast of the Canadian mainland. Ships' location
In 2014, the Victoria Strait Expedition found two items on Hat Island, in the Queen Maud Gulf, near King William Island; part of a boat-launching davit bearing the stamps of two Royal Navy broad arrows, and a wooden object, possibly a plug for a deck hawse, the iron pipe through which the ship's chain cable would descend into the chain locker below. The expedition located one of Franklin's two ships, preserved in reasonably good condition. The wreck lies at the bottom of the eastern portion of Queen Maud Gulf, west of O'Reilly Island and has been confirmed to be that of the Erebus. In 2016, a well-preserved ship matching Terrors description was located in Terror Bay, off the southern coast of King William Island.The exploration of the wrecks continues. Legacy
In January 2008, <mask>'s home town of Banbridge hosted a memorial event, which included a service of remembrance and thanksgiving at the Church of the Holy Trinity, which was attended by more than a hundred descendants of Crozier and other officers of Franklin's lost expedition and those who searched for it, along with the chairman of Banbridge Council, and several Arctic historians, including Michael Smith and Russell Potter. A memorial to Sir John Franklin and his men was erected by order of Parliament in 1858, in the Painted Hall of London's Greenwich Hospital. It was moved to Greenwich Royal Naval College's chapel in 1937, and was re-erected in the entrance of the former college in late 2009. At the service of thanksgiving on 29 October 2009, polar travellers and descendants of the expedition's crew celebrated their contributions. Namesake
Geographical features named after Crozier include:
Cape Crozier on the eastern side of Ross Island, Antarctica
Cape Crozier on the western flank of King William Island, in the Canadian Arctic
Cape Crozier at the western entrance of the Bay of Mercy on Banks Island, in the Canadian Arctic
Crozier Strait which lies between Cornwallis and Bathurst Islands, in the Canadian Arctic
Crozier River, near Fury and Hecla Strait in the Canadian Arctic
Crozier Point on Spitsbergen, in the Arctic north of Norway
Crozier Channel, to the north of Banks Island in the Canadian Arctic
Crozier Island in the Kennedy Channel, between Greenland and Ellesmere Island
The lunar crater Crozier, located at 13.5° S, 50.8° E on the Moon's near side
Crozier Hill, Victor Harbor, South Australia
Crozier Place, a street in Stanley, Falkland Islands
The hydrographic survey vessel HMS Crozier was named after him in 1919. Popular culture
<mask>rozier appears as a character and the primary narrator of the 2007 best-selling novel, The Terror by Dan Simmons, a fictionalized account of Franklin's lost expedition, as well as the 2018 television adaptation, where Crozier is portrayed by Jared Harris.References
External links
19th-century explorers
19th-century Royal Navy personnel
1796 births
1840s deaths
Date of death unknown
Recipients of the Polar Medal
Fellows of the Royal Society
Irish Antarctic explorers
Irish Arctic explorers
Irish people of Norman descent
Lost explorers
People from Banbridge
Royal Navy officers
Franklin's lost expedition | [
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"Crozier",
"Francis C"
] | An Irish officer of the Royal Navy and a polar explorer named <mask> went missing in the middle of the 19th century. He was second in command to Sir John Franklin when he led the Franklin expedition to discover the Northwest Passage. <mask> was born in Banbridge, County Down, in the northern province of Ireland. The fifth son of <mask> was named after his friend <mask>, 2nd Earl of Moira. <mask> lived with his family in the centre of Banbridge in the house his father built in the 18th century. <mask> joined the Royal Navy at the age of 13. He met the last surviving mutineers on Pitcairn Island in 1814, after serving on the island in 1812.He received his certificate as mate in 1817 and served on during a trip to the Cape of Good Hope in 1818. <mask> was on the second expedition to traverse the Northwest Passage. He was a midshipman on Parry's. He returned to the North with Parry again in 1824. The journey resulted in the sinking of the ship. <mask> was promoted to lieutenant a year after he joined Parry in his attempt to reach the North Pole. <mask> was close to the explorer James Clark Ross.He became a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society after conducting valuable studies on his three expeditions. He served on the coast of Portugal during the Liberal Wars of the country's civil war. In 1835, <mask> joined Clark Ross as second-in-command of HMS Cove to assist in the search for lost British whaling ships. <mask> was appointed to the rank of commander. <mask> joined James Clark Ross on the Ross expedition as second-in-command of a four-year voyage to explore the Antarctic continent in the ships. <mask> was appointed to the rank of captain in 1841. The Ross Sea and Ross Island, Mount Erebus and the Ross Ice Shelf were discovered by Erebus and Terror after they returned in 1843.<mask> was a Fellow of the Royal Society in recognition of his work on magnetism. <mask> was a part of the Franklin expedition that went to the last unnavigated section of the Northwest Passage. <mask>'s Irish ancestry and humble birth made him ineligible to lead the expedition. James Fitzjames was given the privilege of selecting subordinating officers. After Franklin's death in June 1847, he took command of the expedition, and his fate and those of the other expedition members remained a mystery until 1859, when a note written by <mask> and James Fitzjames, captain of the Erebus, was discovered on King William Island. The ships were stuck in thick pack ice and had been abandoned. Sir John Franklin and 15 crewmen died.They intended to set out on foot for Back's Great Fish River on the Canadian mainland on 26 April. There are unconfirmed reports that <mask> and one other member of the expedition may have been seen in the Baker Lake area. The Franklin crew's remains were found on King William Island and on the northern coast of the Canadian mainland. Part of a boat-launching davit bearing the stamps of two Royal Navy broad arrows and a wooden object were found on Hat Island by the Victoria Strait expedition. One of Franklin's ships was located by the expedition. The Erebus was found at the bottom of the eastern portion of Queen Maud Gulf, west of O'Reilly Island. In 2016 a well-preserved ship matching the description was located in Terror Bay, off the southern coast of King William Island.The wrecks are being explored. In January 2008, <mask>'s home town of Banbridge hosted a memorial event, which included a service of remembrance and thanksgiving at the Church of the Holy Trinity, which was attended by more than a hundred descendants of <mask> and other officers of Franklin's lost expedition. Parliament ordered a memorial to Sir John Franklin and his men to be built in 1858. It was re-erected in the entrance of the former college in late 2009. The descendants of the expedition's crew celebrated their contributions at the service of thanksgiving. Cape Crozier is on the eastern side of Ross Island, Cape Crozier is on the western side of King William Island, and Cape Crozier is on Banks Island. <mask> is the main narrator of The Terror by Dan Simmons, a fictionalized account of Franklin's lost expedition, as well as the television adaptation, where Crozier is portrayed byJared Harris.People from Banbridge Royal Navy officers Franklin's lost expedition are mentioned in the External links. | [
"Francis Rawdon Moira Crozier",
"Francis Crozier",
"George Crozier",
"Francis Rawdon Hastings",
"Crozier",
"Crozier",
"Crozier",
"Crozier",
"Crozier",
"Crozier",
"Crozier",
"Crozier",
"Crozier",
"Crozier",
"Crozier",
"Crozier",
"Crozier",
"Crozier",
"Crozier",
"Crozier",
"Francis Crozier"
] |
46795877 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara%20Thalheim | Barbara Thalheim | Barbara Thalheim (born Leipzig 5 September 1947) is a Berlin-based German singer and songwriter. She celebrated the fortieth anniversary of her first stage appearance in 2013.
Life
Family background and early years
Barbara Thalheim was born in Leipzig. Her father was a cultural administrator. He had also been a Communist who in 1933 had emigrated first to Africa and later to France. However, he was handed over to the Gestapo, and by May 1945 when Germany's Nazi years ended in military defeat, he had survived three years as a detainee in the Dachau concentration camp. When her parents married her father was 40 years old and her mother was 22. Her early schooling was in Leipzig, but after she was about 12 she attended school in Berlin where her grandmother still lived: she was struck by the stark contrast between the dialects of her native Saxony and of Berlin. Dialect differences left her feeling out of place in both regions, as a result of which, she later stated that she had at that time "hated all her schools". When she was around 13 the entire family relocated to Berlin where she would later undertake her professional training and begin her career. Barbara Thalheim was trained as a singer at the Central Studio for Entertainment Art. This was followed by further training, initially by correspondence course and later, between 1973 and 1976 in composition, under Wolfram Heicking at Berlin's "Hanns Eisler" Music Academy.
Artistic career in the German Democratic Republic (East Germany)
Between 1970 and 1972 Thalheim sang in the "Berlin chanson group" ("Chansongruppe Berlin") During this time she released, through "Amiga", her first "single" (recording). Her next professional partner was a classical String quartet, with which she continued to work till 1980. Before that, however, from 1977 she was touring abroad, making regular guest appearances in West Germany, the Soviet Union, Bulgaria, Finland, Sweden, Denmark, Switzerland and France.
Despite the unusually wide range of foreign tours, she was also releasing further records in the German Democratic Republic (GDR). Her first two LPs – "Lebenslauf" ("Resumé") and "Was fang ich mit mir an" ("Where do I begin?") – appeared under license in West Germany. Until 1993 the lyrics for her songs were written by the writer-journalist Fritz-Jochen Kopka, with whom she lived for 25 years, and who was the father of her two daughters. She made stage appearances with many of the international musical stars of the day, including Georges Moustaki, Konstantin Wecker, Herman van Veen, Hanns Dieter Hüsch, Marek Grechuta, Hana Hegerová, and Georg Danzer.
Politics
Foreign travel was seen as a privilege conferred (or not) by state authorities in the countries ruled under Soviet direction at this time, and in 1980, following a change of policy by East Germany's ruling SED (party), Barbara Thalheim went public with criticism of a newly imposed travel ban on East German artists wishing to tour in western Europe. Although the text could not be published in East Germany, its publication in West Germany meant that interested parties in the east quickly became aware of it. She was immediately deprived of her party membership and served with her own personal travel and recording ban. Eventually, however, she was permitted to renew her recording career with "Amiga", albeit with a different support band, and she was again able to take part in concerts and talk-shows in West Germany.
In November 1989 major political changes appeared on the horizon when the Berlin Wall was breached and it quickly became clear that the fraternal Soviet troops in East Germany had no orders to crush the rising tide of political protest in the German Democratic Republic. With a Berlin-based rerun of the Prague Spring now seeming less likely than many had previously thought, this opened the way for a series of events leading to the end of the one- party dictatorship and then, formally in October 1990, political reunification. In 1990 Thalheim undertook a tour with the rockband, Pankow. Later she produced, with Pankow, the memorably entitled album "Ende Der Märchen " ("End of the Fairy-tale"), produced during December 1991/January 1992, and published later in 1992.
Discography
Frühling in der Schönhauser / Sie stand auf dem Balkon (with Klaus-Dieter Adomatis), single 1971, Amiga
Lebenslauf, LP 1977, Amiga, Polydor
Was fang ich mit mir an, LP 1979, Amiga, Polydor
Und keiner sagt: ich liebe dich, LP 1982, Amiga
Die Kinder der Nacht, LP 1985, Amiga
Ohne Vorschrift leben, LP 1988, Castle Records
Die Frau vom Mann, LP 1988, Amiga
Neue Reiche, LP/CD 1990, VEB Deutsche Schallplatten, Berlin
Von der Westlichkeit der Welt, LP/CD 1991, Nebelhorn
Ende der Märchen, LP/CD 1992, VEB Deutsche Schallplatten, Berlin (with Pankow (rockband))
Fremdegehen, CD 1993, Nebelhorn
So lasst uns scheinen, bis wir werden, CD 1995, Nebelhorn
Abgesang, CD 1995, BMG
In eigener Sache, CD 1998, BMG
Fière de ma grande gueule, CD 2001, Nebelhorn
Deutsch zu sein..., CD 2003, duo-phon-records
Insel sein, CD 2004, duo-phon-records
Poe & Sie – Rabenverse und Wi(e)derlieder, CD 2006, duo-phon-records
Immer noch immer, CD 2007, pläne records
herzverloren, CD 2009, pläne records
Zwischenspiel, CD 2013, conträr musik
Artistic career in the German Federal Republic
In 1993 she embarked on a long running musical partnership with the French composer-accordionist Jean Pacalet (1951–2011). Their last tour together took place in 2009. Since 2001 the lyrics to her songs have been produced in close collaboration with the Dresden poet, Michael Wüstefeld.
In 1995, now in her 48th year, she announced that in future she no longer wanted to perform as a singer, and set off on a valedictory stage-tour. She then set up cultural management business organising, among other things, the summer festival "Schaustelle Berlin" for the city council. Then in 1999, following recovery from serious illness, she launched her "Retirement from retirement", and with a new collection of songs embarked on a series of further concert tours and theatre productions with Jean Pacalet and a backing band.
Early in 2012 Thalheim received a part share in a scholarship awarded at the Künstlerhof Schreyahn by the Lower-Saxony Ministry of Culture. This resulted in more songs and more touring, including, in December 2012, a concert in Chile, a country still periodically featured in German news reports as the retirement destination of East Germany's former "first lady", Margot Honecker and, more briefly, of her late husband.
Stasi collaboration
On 20 September 1972 Barbara Thalheim signed a handwritten "Collaboration undertaking" with the Ministry for State Security (Stasi). She is listed as an informer in Stasi records between 1972 and 1979 under the code name "IM Elvira". Collaboration ended abruptly after her exclusion from The Party 1980, by which time the ministry had already launched one of their infamous career destruction ("Operativer Vorgang") operations against her.
On 29 July 1996 Der Spiegel published a short report purportedly unmasking Thalheim as "IM Elvia". By this time she had already made public her activities as a Stasi informant in a television interview, but at the time of the Spiegel report the television interview in question had not yet been transmitted. In addition, in various subsequent interviews she insisted that back in 1993 she had already asked the journalist Karl-Heinz Baum of the Frankfurter Rundschau to investigate and report on her Stasi-related activities. The Frankfurter Rundschau complied with her request, but published their own story only after Spiegel had broken the story, which for several years now took on a life of its own in the German media. A protracted public dispute ensued concerning how and when the story of "IM Elvira" had become public: one journalist allegedly stated he had discovered Thalheim's Stasi past by researching the Stasi archives, whereas Thalheim insisted that she had told him about it herself, and that in any case many of the files in question identified her not as a provider of reports to the Stasi but as the subject of reports provided to them.
References
Schlager musicians
East German musicians
20th-century German women singers
1947 births
Living people
German singer-songwriters
People of the Stasi | [
"Barbara Thalheim (born Leipzig 5 September 1947) is a Berlin-based German singer and songwriter.",
"She celebrated the fortieth anniversary of her first stage appearance in 2013.",
"Life\n\nFamily background and early years\nBarbara Thalheim was born in Leipzig.",
"Her father was a cultural administrator.",
"He had also been a Communist who in 1933 had emigrated first to Africa and later to France.",
"However, he was handed over to the Gestapo, and by May 1945 when Germany's Nazi years ended in military defeat, he had survived three years as a detainee in the Dachau concentration camp.",
"When her parents married her father was 40 years old and her mother was 22.",
"Her early schooling was in Leipzig, but after she was about 12 she attended school in Berlin where her grandmother still lived: she was struck by the stark contrast between the dialects of her native Saxony and of Berlin.",
"Dialect differences left her feeling out of place in both regions, as a result of which, she later stated that she had at that time \"hated all her schools\".",
"When she was around 13 the entire family relocated to Berlin where she would later undertake her professional training and begin her career.",
"Barbara Thalheim was trained as a singer at the Central Studio for Entertainment Art.",
"This was followed by further training, initially by correspondence course and later, between 1973 and 1976 in composition, under Wolfram Heicking at Berlin's \"Hanns Eisler\" Music Academy.",
"Artistic career in the German Democratic Republic (East Germany)\nBetween 1970 and 1972 Thalheim sang in the \"Berlin chanson group\" (\"Chansongruppe Berlin\") During this time she released, through \"Amiga\", her first \"single\" (recording).",
"Her next professional partner was a classical String quartet, with which she continued to work till 1980.",
"Before that, however, from 1977 she was touring abroad, making regular guest appearances in West Germany, the Soviet Union, Bulgaria, Finland, Sweden, Denmark, Switzerland and France.",
"Despite the unusually wide range of foreign tours, she was also releasing further records in the German Democratic Republic (GDR).",
"Her first two LPs – \"Lebenslauf\" (\"Resumé\") and \"Was fang ich mit mir an\" (\"Where do I begin?\")",
"– appeared under license in West Germany.",
"Until 1993 the lyrics for her songs were written by the writer-journalist Fritz-Jochen Kopka, with whom she lived for 25 years, and who was the father of her two daughters.",
"She made stage appearances with many of the international musical stars of the day, including Georges Moustaki, Konstantin Wecker, Herman van Veen, Hanns Dieter Hüsch, Marek Grechuta, Hana Hegerová, and Georg Danzer.",
"Politics\nForeign travel was seen as a privilege conferred (or not) by state authorities in the countries ruled under Soviet direction at this time, and in 1980, following a change of policy by East Germany's ruling SED (party), Barbara Thalheim went public with criticism of a newly imposed travel ban on East German artists wishing to tour in western Europe.",
"Although the text could not be published in East Germany, its publication in West Germany meant that interested parties in the east quickly became aware of it.",
"She was immediately deprived of her party membership and served with her own personal travel and recording ban.",
"Eventually, however, she was permitted to renew her recording career with \"Amiga\", albeit with a different support band, and she was again able to take part in concerts and talk-shows in West Germany.",
"In November 1989 major political changes appeared on the horizon when the Berlin Wall was breached and it quickly became clear that the fraternal Soviet troops in East Germany had no orders to crush the rising tide of political protest in the German Democratic Republic.",
"With a Berlin-based rerun of the Prague Spring now seeming less likely than many had previously thought, this opened the way for a series of events leading to the end of the one- party dictatorship and then, formally in October 1990, political reunification.",
"In 1990 Thalheim undertook a tour with the rockband, Pankow.",
"Later she produced, with Pankow, the memorably entitled album \"Ende Der Märchen \" (\"End of the Fairy-tale\"), produced during December 1991/January 1992, and published later in 1992.",
"Their last tour together took place in 2009.",
"Since 2001 the lyrics to her songs have been produced in close collaboration with the Dresden poet, Michael Wüstefeld.",
"In 1995, now in her 48th year, she announced that in future she no longer wanted to perform as a singer, and set off on a valedictory stage-tour.",
"She then set up cultural management business organising, among other things, the summer festival \"Schaustelle Berlin\" for the city council.",
"Then in 1999, following recovery from serious illness, she launched her \"Retirement from retirement\", and with a new collection of songs embarked on a series of further concert tours and theatre productions with Jean Pacalet and a backing band.",
"Early in 2012 Thalheim received a part share in a scholarship awarded at the Künstlerhof Schreyahn by the Lower-Saxony Ministry of Culture.",
"This resulted in more songs and more touring, including, in December 2012, a concert in Chile, a country still periodically featured in German news reports as the retirement destination of East Germany's former \"first lady\", Margot Honecker and, more briefly, of her late husband.",
"Stasi collaboration\nOn 20 September 1972 Barbara Thalheim signed a handwritten \"Collaboration undertaking\" with the Ministry for State Security (Stasi).",
"She is listed as an informer in Stasi records between 1972 and 1979 under the code name \"IM Elvira\".",
"Collaboration ended abruptly after her exclusion from The Party 1980, by which time the ministry had already launched one of their infamous career destruction (\"Operativer Vorgang\") operations against her.",
"On 29 July 1996 Der Spiegel published a short report purportedly unmasking Thalheim as \"IM Elvia\".",
"By this time she had already made public her activities as a Stasi informant in a television interview, but at the time of the Spiegel report the television interview in question had not yet been transmitted.",
"In addition, in various subsequent interviews she insisted that back in 1993 she had already asked the journalist Karl-Heinz Baum of the Frankfurter Rundschau to investigate and report on her Stasi-related activities.",
"The Frankfurter Rundschau complied with her request, but published their own story only after Spiegel had broken the story, which for several years now took on a life of its own in the German media.",
"A protracted public dispute ensued concerning how and when the story of \"IM Elvira\" had become public: one journalist allegedly stated he had discovered Thalheim's Stasi past by researching the Stasi archives, whereas Thalheim insisted that she had told him about it herself, and that in any case many of the files in question identified her not as a provider of reports to the Stasi but as the subject of reports provided to them.",
"References\n\nSchlager musicians\nEast German musicians\n20th-century German women singers\n1947 births\nLiving people\nGerman singer-songwriters\nPeople of the Stasi"
] | [
"Barbara Thalheim was born in 1947 and lives in Berlin.",
"The fortieth anniversary of her first stage appearance was celebrated by her.",
"Barbara Thalheim was born in Leipzig.",
"Her father was a cultural administrator.",
"He was a Communist who moved to Africa and France in 1933.",
"He was held in the Dachau concentration camp for three years after he was handed over to the Gestapo.",
"Her father was 40 years old and her mother 22.",
"After attending school in Berlin where her grandmother still lived, she was struck by the contrast between the dialects of her native Saxony and Berlin.",
"She felt out of place in both regions because of the differences in dialect.",
"When she was 13 her family relocated to Berlin where she began her career.",
"The Central Studio for Entertainment Art trained Barbara Thalheim as a singer.",
"Between 1973 and 1976 there was further training under Wolfram Heicking at Berlin's \"Hanns Eisler\" Music Academy.",
"Thalheim sang in the \"Berlin chanson group\" between 1970 and 1972 and released her first single, \"Amiga\", during this time.",
"The classical String quartet was her next professional partner.",
"She made regular guest appearances in West Germany, the Soviet Union, Bulgaria, Finland, Sweden, Denmark, Switzerland and France before 1977.",
"She was releasing more records in the German Democratic Republic despite the wide range of foreign tours.",
"Her first two albums were \"Resumé\" and \"Where do I begin?\".",
"It was under license in West Germany.",
"The lyrics for her songs were written by a writer who lived for 25 years and was the father of her two daughters.",
"She made stage appearances with many of the international musical stars of the day.",
"In 1980, after a change of policy by East Germany's ruling SED party, Barbara Thalheim went public with her criticism of a newly imposed travel ban.",
"The publication of the text in West Germany made interested parties in the east aware of it.",
"She was immediately deprived of her party membership and served with a personal travel and recording ban.",
"After renewing her recording career with \"Amiga\", she was able to take part in concerts and talk-shows in West Germany.",
"When the Berlin Wall was broken in 1989 it became clear that the Soviet troops in East Germany had no orders to crush the political protest in the German Democratic Republic.",
"With a Berlin-based rerun of the Prague Spring now seeming less likely than many had previously thought, this opened the way for a series of events leading to the end of the one-party dictatorship and then, formally in October 1990, political reunification.",
"Thalheim went on a tour with Pankow in 1990.",
"The album \"Ende der Mrchen\" was produced during December 1991/January 1992 and was published later in 1992.",
"Their last tour was in 2009.",
"The lyrics to her songs have been written by Michael Wstefeld.",
"She decided in 1995 that she no longer wanted to perform as a singer and embarked on a farewell tour.",
"The summer festival \"Schaustelle Berlin\" was set up by her as a cultural management business.",
"After recovering from a serious illness, she launched her \"Retirement from retirement\", and with a new collection of songs embarked on a series of further concert tours and theatre productions.",
"Thalheim received a part share in a scholarship from the Lower-Saxony Ministry of Culture.",
"In December 2012 there was a concert in Chile, a country still periodically featured in German news reports as the retirement destination of East Germany's former \"first lady\".",
"Barbara Thalheim signed a handwritten \"Collaboration undertaking\" with the Ministry for State Security.",
"Stasi records show that she was an informer between 1972 and 1979 under the name \"IM Elvira\".",
"The ministry launched one of their career destruction operations against her after she was excluded from The Party 1980.",
"Thalheim was supposedly identified as \"IM Elvia\" by a report published on July 29, 1996.",
"At the time of the report, the television interview in question had not yet been transmitted, but she had already made public her activities as a Stasi mole.",
"She claimed that in 1993 she asked the journalist Karl-Heinz Baum of the Frankfurter Rundschau to investigate and report on her activities related to the Stasi.",
"After Spiegel broke the story, the Rundschau published their own story, which took on a life of its own in the German media.",
"When the story of \"IM Elvira\" became public, there was a dispute between Thalheim and the journalist who claimed to have discovered her Stasi past by researching the archives.",
"There are references to Schlager musicians, 20th-century German women singers, and people of the Stasi."
] | <mask> (born Leipzig 5 September 1947) is a Berlin-based German singer and songwriter. She celebrated the fortieth anniversary of her first stage appearance in 2013. Life
Family background and early years
<mask> was born in Leipzig. Her father was a cultural administrator. He had also been a Communist who in 1933 had emigrated first to Africa and later to France. However, he was handed over to the Gestapo, and by May 1945 when Germany's Nazi years ended in military defeat, he had survived three years as a detainee in the Dachau concentration camp. When her parents married her father was 40 years old and her mother was 22.Her early schooling was in Leipzig, but after she was about 12 she attended school in Berlin where her grandmother still lived: she was struck by the stark contrast between the dialects of her native Saxony and of Berlin. Dialect differences left her feeling out of place in both regions, as a result of which, she later stated that she had at that time "hated all her schools". When she was around 13 the entire family relocated to Berlin where she would later undertake her professional training and begin her career. <mask> was trained as a singer at the Central Studio for Entertainment Art. This was followed by further training, initially by correspondence course and later, between 1973 and 1976 in composition, under Wolfram Heicking at Berlin's "Hanns Eisler" Music Academy. Artistic career in the German Democratic Republic (East Germany)
Between 1970 and 1972 Thalheim sang in the "Berlin chanson group" ("Chansongruppe Berlin") During this time she released, through "Amiga", her first "single" (recording). Her next professional partner was a classical String quartet, with which she continued to work till 1980.Before that, however, from 1977 she was touring abroad, making regular guest appearances in West Germany, the Soviet Union, Bulgaria, Finland, Sweden, Denmark, Switzerland and France. Despite the unusually wide range of foreign tours, she was also releasing further records in the German Democratic Republic (GDR). Her first two LPs – "Lebenslauf" ("Resumé") and "Was fang ich mit mir an" ("Where do I begin?") – appeared under license in West Germany. Until 1993 the lyrics for her songs were written by the writer-journalist Fritz-Jochen Kopka, with whom she lived for 25 years, and who was the father of her two daughters. She made stage appearances with many of the international musical stars of the day, including Georges Moustaki, Konstantin Wecker, Herman van Veen, Hanns Dieter Hüsch, Marek Grechuta, Hana Hegerová, and Georg Danzer. Politics
Foreign travel was seen as a privilege conferred (or not) by state authorities in the countries ruled under Soviet direction at this time, and in 1980, following a change of policy by East Germany's ruling SED (party), <mask> went public with criticism of a newly imposed travel ban on East German artists wishing to tour in western Europe.Although the text could not be published in East Germany, its publication in West Germany meant that interested parties in the east quickly became aware of it. She was immediately deprived of her party membership and served with her own personal travel and recording ban. Eventually, however, she was permitted to renew her recording career with "Amiga", albeit with a different support band, and she was again able to take part in concerts and talk-shows in West Germany. In November 1989 major political changes appeared on the horizon when the Berlin Wall was breached and it quickly became clear that the fraternal Soviet troops in East Germany had no orders to crush the rising tide of political protest in the German Democratic Republic. With a Berlin-based rerun of the Prague Spring now seeming less likely than many had previously thought, this opened the way for a series of events leading to the end of the one- party dictatorship and then, formally in October 1990, political reunification. In 1990 Thalheim undertook a tour with the rockband, Pankow. Later she produced, with Pankow, the memorably entitled album "Ende Der Märchen " ("End of the Fairy-tale"), produced during December 1991/January 1992, and published later in 1992.Their last tour together took place in 2009. Since 2001 the lyrics to her songs have been produced in close collaboration with the Dresden poet, Michael Wüstefeld. In 1995, now in her 48th year, she announced that in future she no longer wanted to perform as a singer, and set off on a valedictory stage-tour. She then set up cultural management business organising, among other things, the summer festival "Schaustelle Berlin" for the city council. Then in 1999, following recovery from serious illness, she launched her "Retirement from retirement", and with a new collection of songs embarked on a series of further concert tours and theatre productions with Jean Pacalet and a backing band. Early in 2012 Thalheim received a part share in a scholarship awarded at the Künstlerhof Schreyahn by the Lower-Saxony Ministry of Culture. This resulted in more songs and more touring, including, in December 2012, a concert in Chile, a country still periodically featured in German news reports as the retirement destination of East Germany's former "first lady", Margot Honecker and, more briefly, of her late husband.Stasi collaboration
On 20 September 1972 <mask> signed a handwritten "Collaboration undertaking" with the Ministry for State Security (Stasi). She is listed as an informer in Stasi records between 1972 and 1979 under the code name "IM Elvira". Collaboration ended abruptly after her exclusion from The Party 1980, by which time the ministry had already launched one of their infamous career destruction ("Operativer Vorgang") operations against her. On 29 July 1996 Der Spiegel published a short report purportedly unmasking <mask> as "IM Elvia". By this time she had already made public her activities as a Stasi informant in a television interview, but at the time of the Spiegel report the television interview in question had not yet been transmitted. In addition, in various subsequent interviews she insisted that back in 1993 she had already asked the journalist Karl-Heinz Baum of the Frankfurter Rundschau to investigate and report on her Stasi-related activities. The Frankfurter Rundschau complied with her request, but published their own story only after Spiegel had broken the story, which for several years now took on a life of its own in the German media.A protracted public dispute ensued concerning how and when the story of "IM Elvira" had become public: one journalist allegedly stated he had discovered Thalheim's Stasi past by researching the Stasi archives, whereas Thalheim insisted that she had told him about it herself, and that in any case many of the files in question identified her not as a provider of reports to the Stasi but as the subject of reports provided to them. References
Schlager musicians
East German musicians
20th-century German women singers
1947 births
Living people
German singer-songwriters
People of the Stasi | [
"Barbara Thalheim",
"Barbara Thalheim",
"Barbara Thalheim",
"Barbara Thalheim",
"Barbara Thalheim",
"Thalheim"
] | <mask> was born in 1947 and lives in Berlin. The fortieth anniversary of her first stage appearance was celebrated by her. <mask> was born in Leipzig. Her father was a cultural administrator. He was a Communist who moved to Africa and France in 1933. He was held in the Dachau concentration camp for three years after he was handed over to the Gestapo. Her father was 40 years old and her mother 22.After attending school in Berlin where her grandmother still lived, she was struck by the contrast between the dialects of her native Saxony and Berlin. She felt out of place in both regions because of the differences in dialect. When she was 13 her family relocated to Berlin where she began her career. The Central Studio for Entertainment Art trained <mask> as a singer. Between 1973 and 1976 there was further training under Wolfram Heicking at Berlin's "Hanns Eisler" Music Academy. <mask> sang in the "Berlin chanson group" between 1970 and 1972 and released her first single, "Amiga", during this time. The classical String quartet was her next professional partner.She made regular guest appearances in West Germany, the Soviet Union, Bulgaria, Finland, Sweden, Denmark, Switzerland and France before 1977. She was releasing more records in the German Democratic Republic despite the wide range of foreign tours. Her first two albums were "Resumé" and "Where do I begin?". It was under license in West Germany. The lyrics for her songs were written by a writer who lived for 25 years and was the father of her two daughters. She made stage appearances with many of the international musical stars of the day. In 1980, after a change of policy by East Germany's ruling SED party, <mask> went public with her criticism of a newly imposed travel ban.The publication of the text in West Germany made interested parties in the east aware of it. She was immediately deprived of her party membership and served with a personal travel and recording ban. After renewing her recording career with "Amiga", she was able to take part in concerts and talk-shows in West Germany. When the Berlin Wall was broken in 1989 it became clear that the Soviet troops in East Germany had no orders to crush the political protest in the German Democratic Republic. With a Berlin-based rerun of the Prague Spring now seeming less likely than many had previously thought, this opened the way for a series of events leading to the end of the one-party dictatorship and then, formally in October 1990, political reunification. Thalheim went on a tour with Pankow in 1990. The album "Ende der Mrchen" was produced during December 1991/January 1992 and was published later in 1992.Their last tour was in 2009. The lyrics to her songs have been written by Michael Wstefeld. She decided in 1995 that she no longer wanted to perform as a singer and embarked on a farewell tour. The summer festival "Schaustelle Berlin" was set up by her as a cultural management business. After recovering from a serious illness, she launched her "Retirement from retirement", and with a new collection of songs embarked on a series of further concert tours and theatre productions. Thalheim received a part share in a scholarship from the Lower-Saxony Ministry of Culture. In December 2012 there was a concert in Chile, a country still periodically featured in German news reports as the retirement destination of East Germany's former "first lady".<mask> signed a handwritten "Collaboration undertaking" with the Ministry for State Security. Stasi records show that she was an informer between 1972 and 1979 under the name "IM Elvira". The ministry launched one of their career destruction operations against her after she was excluded from The Party 1980. <mask> was supposedly identified as "IM Elvia" by a report published on July 29, 1996. At the time of the report, the television interview in question had not yet been transmitted, but she had already made public her activities as a Stasi mole. She claimed that in 1993 she asked the journalist Karl-Heinz Baum of the Frankfurter Rundschau to investigate and report on her activities related to the Stasi. After Spiegel broke the story, the Rundschau published their own story, which took on a life of its own in the German media.When the story of "IM Elvira" became public, there was a dispute between Thalheim and the journalist who claimed to have discovered her Stasi past by researching the archives. There are references to Schlager musicians, 20th-century German women singers, and people of the Stasi. | [
"Barbara Thalheim",
"Barbara Thalheim",
"Barbara Thalheim",
"Thalheim",
"Barbara Thalheim",
"Barbara Thalheim",
"Thalheim"
] |
5280688 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charmian%20London | Charmian London | Charmian Kittredge London (November 27, 1871 – January 14, 1955) was an American writer and the second wife of Jack London.
Early life
"Clara" Charmian Kittredge was born to poet and writer Dayelle "Daisy" Wiley and California hotelier Willard "Kitt" Kittredge at a railroad outpost south of Los Angeles. Her mother died in 1877 when Charmian was six years old. Charmian's father sent her to Oakland, California, where she was raised by her aunt, Ninetta "Netta" Wiley Eames and husband Roscoe Eames, who had no children of their own. A nationally acclaimed writer and editor, Netta Wiley taught Charmian at home, emphasizing literature, the fine arts, and piano. A business manager, Eames taught her shorthand, typing and accounting. When the Eames household moved to Berkeley, California, Charmian became exposed to leaders in the Arts and Crafts movement, which shaped her aesthetics. Lectures given by University of California professors introduced her to modern literature and philosophy. She also was a part of the intellectual circle that surrounded the Overland Monthly. In 1897, she participated in a three day horseback ride to Yosemite, where she joined a group of celebrated scientists, painters, photographers, political leaders, and founders of the Sierra Club. Believing in free love, the Eameses encouraged an attitude toward sexuality as pleasurable and guilt-free. By adolescence, Charmian was typical of the New Woman emerging to counter traditional feminine roles.
Charmian inherited funds from both sides of her family. These enabled further education at Mills College, where she concentrated on a non-degree program of literature, the arts, and philosophy. She also worked as secretary to the school's co-founder and later president, Susan Tolman Mills. In the 1890s, she worked for Harding and Forbes, a shipping firm in San Francisco, California, during a time when middle-class women stayed at home and few women worked in offices. She learned photography and published some images. An avid horseback rider, she created a split skirt to ride astride, this during a time women rode sidesaddle. She also accompanied vocalists and string players at local concerts. She befriended Grace Hudson, and posed for some of her artwork. A European tour in 1901 furthered her appreciation of the fine arts and music. Before traveling to Europe, she visited Mt. Desert Island, to meet the Kittredge side of her family.
Marriage and writing career
Charmian met Jack London in March 1900 during a luncheon at Young's restaurant with Netta Wiley Eames, who was working on an article for the Overland Monthly on Jack London. By this time, Charmian was now working for E. Mickle and Company, one of the largest shipping firms in San Francisco. She had an assistant who reported to her. Five years younger than Charmian, London found her literary knowledge impressive and admired her support for Socialism. They met on several occasions at Charmian's home in Berkeley to discuss literature including the works Tess of the d'Urbervilles, The Forest Lovers, and Flood-Tide. A month later London married Elizabeth "Bess" Maddern, with whom he had two children.
During this time Charmian began her own writing career. She published non-fiction essays, including a plea for women to quit riding sidesaddle. She also became part of Jack's social circle of Bohemian artists and writers known as The Crowd and started attending their weekly gatherings at the London's home. According to Joseph Noel, it was at one of these gatherings in 1902 that Jack first kissed Charmian. During this time Jack also became enamored of Anna Strunsky, a Socialist who co-authored his epistolary novel The Kempton-Wace Letters.
In the summer of 1903, London took his family to a resort in Glen Ellen, California, Wake Robin then owned by Netta Wiley Eames. Jack left his family to take a short sailing trip but was injured in a buggy ride. Bess Maddern asked Charmian, living nearby, to look in on him. The result was a long secret love affair that led to divorce. The new couple married in Chicago on November 19, 1905. Charmian supported the honeymoon including Jack lecturing on Socialism. A trip to Jamaica and a recently independent Cuba followed, during which she photographed the island landscape.
The couple settled at Wake Robin and developed a plan to buy land on Sonoma Mountain for ranching. Upon re-reading Joshua Slocum's Sailing Alone Around the World, they decided to repeat the journey. The trip on the Snark, designed by Jack, went only to Australia, yet provided the material for books by both writers. Charmian published articles for Mid-Pacific Magazine, along with The Log of the Snark (1915), and Our Hawaii (1917), The Log was well received by reviewers, who described the book as "clever, lucid, conversational, emotionally revealing, and humorous." Our Hawaii reflected upon the changes in the island between 1907 and 1916 to deplore the rapid changes brought about by tourism.
Charmian played a direct role in her husband's writings as well. First, she was the model for many of his fictional characters, such as Saxon in The Valley of the Moon, Lute in "Planchette," and Paula in Little Lady of the Big House. Although London portrayed New Women prior to marrying Charmian, these and other characters incorporated full dimensions of his wife's character. Latest scholarship reveals Charmian was a collaborator as well on many of Jack's books, including The Valley of the Moon and The Mutiny of Elsinore. Often described as London's typist, she was also his editor. In that regard, she shared his intentions, by deleting material inconsistent with his purpose and by suggesting changes in structure. Even more, she contributed passages, most notably descriptions, her forte. Both the original manuscripts and her diaries document her full involvement in many of his writings.
She was an active partner in the Beauty Ranch, their spread on Sonoma Mountain in Glen Ellen. The intention was a self-sufficient and sustainable source of food products. Jack's stepsister, Eliza London Shepard, managed activities under his direction. Charmian's main interest was animal husbandry. She participated in the choice of stock for breeding and was known for her intuitive eye, notably with regard to horses. The couple won top awards at the California State Fair for their breeds.
Widowhood
Jack died of uremia in 1916, bequeathing nearly his entire estate to Charmian, while leaving token amounts to his first wife and their children. Charmian and Jack had no children who survived them. A daughter, Joy, died soon after birth and several other pregnancies ended in miscarriage.
Following Jack's death, Charmian joined Eliza Shepard in saving their home the Beauty Ranch. She completed sales of screenplay rights with filmmakers. She also wrote prefaces to his writings that were published posthumously, including Dutch Courage and Other Stories (1922). She completed his unfinished novel Cherry for Cosmopolitan magazine. Perhaps her most significant activity to publicize London's works was trips abroad to arrange good translations and protect copyrights. As a result, she ensured his writings would become published worldwide and spread his reputation accordingly.
As part of her marketing London's name, Charmian published The Book of Jack London (two volumes) (1921). Scholars consider the book to be an important if sometimes flawed source of biographical information. One biographer calls it "an uneven account that omits Jack's illegitimacy, yet has surprisingly frank information nonetheless concerning his personality."
Charmian wrote nonfiction as well. Key themes were travel, animal protection and prisoner rights. Our Hawaii: Islands and Islanders updated her earlier version by including more of her husband's views, along with her praise for the original island culture.
Aware her Book of Jack London was neither comprehensive nor unbiased, Charmian searched for an experienced biographer to prepare a comprehensive study. This led in 1935 to her inviting Irving Stone to the ranch to study the extensive collection of letters and documents needed for the work. Discovering he went into some of her hidden diaries and love letters, Charmian evicted him from the ranch. His Sailor on Horseback earned reviewer criticism for lifting material from London's fiction as fact, emphasis upon excessive womanizing, and failures as a writer and rancher. Charmian and Eliza Shepard were shocked to read the claim Jack had committed suicide. The publishers brought out the second edition with the subtitle "A Biographical Novel." In response to Stone's version, Charmian supported stepdaughter Joan London. Her Jack London and His Times emphasized her father's Socialist writings and activities. As a further block on Stone's book, Charmian arranged screenplay rights of her biography. "Jack London" featured in 1943, starring Michael O'Shea as Jack and Susan Hayward as Charmian.
Frank about sexuality, which she believed was a source of energy and transcendence, in widowhood Charmian sought brief encounters. Although most cited was her relationship with Harry Houdini, she was not exclusive during the few periods they met. Her longest and most emotional relationship was with Frederick O'Brien, then a popular writer of South Sea travel accounts. She was discreet with her many lovers to protect her public reputation, and by implication, that of Jack London.
Long afflicted by high blood pressure, by 1947 Charmian was often bedridden following repeated strokes. She died in 1955, at the age of 83. Her ashes rest beside her husband Jack's under the rock that marks their grave near Glen Ellen, California at Jack London State Historic Park.
References
External links
Brief biography
London, Jack, Mrs., by the beach - loc.gov
20th-century American women writers
Jack London
1871 births
1955 deaths
Writers from Los Angeles
History of the San Francisco Bay Area
20th-century American biographers
American women biographers
20th-century sailors
Female sailors
Harry Houdini
Mills College alumni
People from Wilmington, Los Angeles
American socialists | [
"Charmian Kittredge London (November 27, 1871 – January 14, 1955) was an American writer and the second wife of Jack London.",
"Early life\n\"Clara\" Charmian Kittredge was born to poet and writer Dayelle \"Daisy\" Wiley and California hotelier Willard \"Kitt\" Kittredge at a railroad outpost south of Los Angeles.",
"Her mother died in 1877 when Charmian was six years old.",
"Charmian's father sent her to Oakland, California, where she was raised by her aunt, Ninetta \"Netta\" Wiley Eames and husband Roscoe Eames, who had no children of their own.",
"A nationally acclaimed writer and editor, Netta Wiley taught Charmian at home, emphasizing literature, the fine arts, and piano.",
"A business manager, Eames taught her shorthand, typing and accounting.",
"When the Eames household moved to Berkeley, California, Charmian became exposed to leaders in the Arts and Crafts movement, which shaped her aesthetics.",
"Lectures given by University of California professors introduced her to modern literature and philosophy.",
"She also was a part of the intellectual circle that surrounded the Overland Monthly.",
"In 1897, she participated in a three day horseback ride to Yosemite, where she joined a group of celebrated scientists, painters, photographers, political leaders, and founders of the Sierra Club.",
"Believing in free love, the Eameses encouraged an attitude toward sexuality as pleasurable and guilt-free.",
"By adolescence, Charmian was typical of the New Woman emerging to counter traditional feminine roles.",
"Charmian inherited funds from both sides of her family.",
"These enabled further education at Mills College, where she concentrated on a non-degree program of literature, the arts, and philosophy.",
"She also worked as secretary to the school's co-founder and later president, Susan Tolman Mills.",
"In the 1890s, she worked for Harding and Forbes, a shipping firm in San Francisco, California, during a time when middle-class women stayed at home and few women worked in offices.",
"She learned photography and published some images.",
"An avid horseback rider, she created a split skirt to ride astride, this during a time women rode sidesaddle.",
"She also accompanied vocalists and string players at local concerts.",
"She befriended Grace Hudson, and posed for some of her artwork.",
"A European tour in 1901 furthered her appreciation of the fine arts and music.",
"Before traveling to Europe, she visited Mt.",
"Desert Island, to meet the Kittredge side of her family.",
"Marriage and writing career\nCharmian met Jack London in March 1900 during a luncheon at Young's restaurant with Netta Wiley Eames, who was working on an article for the Overland Monthly on Jack London.",
"By this time, Charmian was now working for E. Mickle and Company, one of the largest shipping firms in San Francisco.",
"She had an assistant who reported to her.",
"Five years younger than Charmian, London found her literary knowledge impressive and admired her support for Socialism.",
"They met on several occasions at Charmian's home in Berkeley to discuss literature including the works Tess of the d'Urbervilles, The Forest Lovers, and Flood-Tide.",
"A month later London married Elizabeth \"Bess\" Maddern, with whom he had two children.",
"During this time Charmian began her own writing career.",
"She published non-fiction essays, including a plea for women to quit riding sidesaddle.",
"She also became part of Jack's social circle of Bohemian artists and writers known as The Crowd and started attending their weekly gatherings at the London's home.",
"According to Joseph Noel, it was at one of these gatherings in 1902 that Jack first kissed Charmian.",
"During this time Jack also became enamored of Anna Strunsky, a Socialist who co-authored his epistolary novel The Kempton-Wace Letters.",
"In the summer of 1903, London took his family to a resort in Glen Ellen, California, Wake Robin then owned by Netta Wiley Eames.",
"Jack left his family to take a short sailing trip but was injured in a buggy ride.",
"Bess Maddern asked Charmian, living nearby, to look in on him.",
"The result was a long secret love affair that led to divorce.",
"The new couple married in Chicago on November 19, 1905.",
"Charmian supported the honeymoon including Jack lecturing on Socialism.",
"A trip to Jamaica and a recently independent Cuba followed, during which she photographed the island landscape.",
"The couple settled at Wake Robin and developed a plan to buy land on Sonoma Mountain for ranching.",
"Upon re-reading Joshua Slocum's Sailing Alone Around the World, they decided to repeat the journey.",
"The trip on the Snark, designed by Jack, went only to Australia, yet provided the material for books by both writers.",
"Charmian published articles for Mid-Pacific Magazine, along with The Log of the Snark (1915), and Our Hawaii (1917), The Log was well received by reviewers, who described the book as \"clever, lucid, conversational, emotionally revealing, and humorous.\"",
"Our Hawaii reflected upon the changes in the island between 1907 and 1916 to deplore the rapid changes brought about by tourism.",
"Charmian played a direct role in her husband's writings as well.",
"First, she was the model for many of his fictional characters, such as Saxon in The Valley of the Moon, Lute in \"Planchette,\" and Paula in Little Lady of the Big House.",
"Although London portrayed New Women prior to marrying Charmian, these and other characters incorporated full dimensions of his wife's character.",
"Latest scholarship reveals Charmian was a collaborator as well on many of Jack's books, including The Valley of the Moon and The Mutiny of Elsinore.",
"Often described as London's typist, she was also his editor.",
"In that regard, she shared his intentions, by deleting material inconsistent with his purpose and by suggesting changes in structure.",
"Even more, she contributed passages, most notably descriptions, her forte.",
"Both the original manuscripts and her diaries document her full involvement in many of his writings.",
"She was an active partner in the Beauty Ranch, their spread on Sonoma Mountain in Glen Ellen.",
"The intention was a self-sufficient and sustainable source of food products.",
"Jack's stepsister, Eliza London Shepard, managed activities under his direction.",
"Charmian's main interest was animal husbandry.",
"She participated in the choice of stock for breeding and was known for her intuitive eye, notably with regard to horses.",
"The couple won top awards at the California State Fair for their breeds.",
"Widowhood\n\nJack died of uremia in 1916, bequeathing nearly his entire estate to Charmian, while leaving token amounts to his first wife and their children.",
"Charmian and Jack had no children who survived them.",
"A daughter, Joy, died soon after birth and several other pregnancies ended in miscarriage.",
"Following Jack's death, Charmian joined Eliza Shepard in saving their home the Beauty Ranch.",
"She completed sales of screenplay rights with filmmakers.",
"She also wrote prefaces to his writings that were published posthumously, including Dutch Courage and Other Stories (1922).",
"She completed his unfinished novel Cherry for Cosmopolitan magazine.",
"Perhaps her most significant activity to publicize London's works was trips abroad to arrange good translations and protect copyrights.",
"As a result, she ensured his writings would become published worldwide and spread his reputation accordingly.",
"As part of her marketing London's name, Charmian published The Book of Jack London (two volumes) (1921).",
"Scholars consider the book to be an important if sometimes flawed source of biographical information.",
"One biographer calls it \"an uneven account that omits Jack's illegitimacy, yet has surprisingly frank information nonetheless concerning his personality.\"",
"Charmian wrote nonfiction as well.",
"Key themes were travel, animal protection and prisoner rights.",
"Our Hawaii: Islands and Islanders updated her earlier version by including more of her husband's views, along with her praise for the original island culture.",
"Aware her Book of Jack London was neither comprehensive nor unbiased, Charmian searched for an experienced biographer to prepare a comprehensive study.",
"This led in 1935 to her inviting Irving Stone to the ranch to study the extensive collection of letters and documents needed for the work.",
"Discovering he went into some of her hidden diaries and love letters, Charmian evicted him from the ranch.",
"His Sailor on Horseback earned reviewer criticism for lifting material from London's fiction as fact, emphasis upon excessive womanizing, and failures as a writer and rancher.",
"Charmian and Eliza Shepard were shocked to read the claim Jack had committed suicide.",
"The publishers brought out the second edition with the subtitle \"A Biographical Novel.\"",
"In response to Stone's version, Charmian supported stepdaughter Joan London.",
"Her Jack London and His Times emphasized her father's Socialist writings and activities.",
"As a further block on Stone's book, Charmian arranged screenplay rights of her biography.",
"\"Jack London\" featured in 1943, starring Michael O'Shea as Jack and Susan Hayward as Charmian.",
"Frank about sexuality, which she believed was a source of energy and transcendence, in widowhood Charmian sought brief encounters.",
"Although most cited was her relationship with Harry Houdini, she was not exclusive during the few periods they met.",
"Her longest and most emotional relationship was with Frederick O'Brien, then a popular writer of South Sea travel accounts.",
"She was discreet with her many lovers to protect her public reputation, and by implication, that of Jack London.",
"Long afflicted by high blood pressure, by 1947 Charmian was often bedridden following repeated strokes.",
"She died in 1955, at the age of 83.",
"Her ashes rest beside her husband Jack's under the rock that marks their grave near Glen Ellen, California at Jack London State Historic Park.",
"References\n\nExternal links\n\n Brief biography\n London, Jack, Mrs., by the beach - loc.gov\n\n20th-century American women writers\nJack London\n1871 births\n1955 deaths\nWriters from Los Angeles\nHistory of the San Francisco Bay Area\n20th-century American biographers\nAmerican women biographers\n20th-century sailors\nFemale sailors\nHarry Houdini\nMills College alumni\nPeople from Wilmington, Los Angeles\nAmerican socialists"
] | [
"The second wife of Jack London was Charmian Kittredge London.",
"Charmian Kittredge was born at a railroad outpost south of Los Angeles.",
"Charmian was six years old when her mother died.",
"Charmian was raised by her aunt and her husband in Oakland, California, who had no children of their own.",
"Charmian was taught at home by a writer and editor who emphasized literature, the fine arts, and piano.",
"She was taught shorthand, typing and accounting by a business manager.",
"Charmian was exposed to leaders in the Arts and Crafts movement, which shaped her aesthetic.",
"She was introduced to modern literature and philosophy by professors at the University of California.",
"She was a part of the intellectual circle.",
"In 1897, she joined a group of scientists, painters, photographers, and political leaders on a three day horseback ride to the Sierra Club.",
"The Eameses believed that sexuality should be pleasurable and guilt-free.",
"The New Woman emerged to counter traditional feminine roles by adolescence.",
"Charmian had money from both sides of her family.",
"She concentrated on a non- degree program of literature, the arts, and philosophy at Mills College.",
"Susan Tolman Mills was the school's co- founder and later president.",
"During a time when middle-class women stayed at home and few women worked in offices, she worked for a shipping firm in San Francisco in the 1890s.",
"She published some images.",
"During a time when women rode sidesaddle, she created a split skirt to ride astride.",
"At local concerts, she accompanied vocalists and string players.",
"She posed for some of Grace Hudson's artwork.",
"She appreciated the fine arts and music more during a European tour in 1901.",
"She visited Mt. before going to Europe.",
"She wanted to meet the Kittredge side of her family.",
"During a luncheon at Young's restaurant, Charmian met Jack London, who was working on an article for the Overland Monthly.",
"Charmian was working for E. Mickle and Company, one of the largest shipping firms in San Francisco.",
"An assistant was reporting to her.",
"London was five years younger than Charmian and admired her support for socialism.",
"Several times they met at Charmian's home in Berkeley to discuss literature, including the works of the d'Urbervilles, The Forest Lovers, and Flood-Tide.",
"He had two children with Elizabeth \"Bess\" Maddern.",
"Charmian started her own writing career.",
"She made a plea for women to stop riding sidesaddle.",
"She became part of Jack's social circle of bohemian artists and writers known as The Crowd and started attending their weekly gatherings at the London's home.",
"Jack kissed Charmian at one of these gatherings.",
"Jack became enamored with Anna Strunsky, a Socialist who co-authored his novel The Kempton-Wace Letters.",
"In the summer of 1903, London and his family went to the Wake Robin resort in Glen Ellen, California.",
"Jack was injured in a buggy ride while on a sailing trip with his family.",
"Charmian was asked to look in on him by Bess Maddern.",
"A long secret love affair resulted in divorce.",
"The couple were married in Chicago in 1905.",
"Jack lectured on socialism on the honeymoon.",
"She took pictures of the island landscape during her trips to Jamaica and Cuba.",
"The couple decided to buy land on Sonoma Mountain for ranching.",
"They decided to go back on the journey after re-reading Sailing Alone Around the World.",
"The material for books by both writers was provided by the trip on the Snark, designed by Jack.",
"The Log was well received by reviewers, who described the book as \"clever, lucid, conversational, emotionally revealing, and humorous.\" Charmian published articles for Mid-Pacific Magazine, along with The Log of the Snark, and Our Hawaii.",
"The rapid changes brought about by tourism were deplored by our Hawaii.",
"Charmian had a direct role in her husband's writings.",
"She was the model for many of his fictional characters, such as Saxon in The Valley of the Moon, Lute in \"Planchette,\" and Paula in Little Lady of the Big House.",
"New Women and other characters incorporated the full dimensions of Charmian's character.",
"Charmian worked on many of Jack's books, including The Valley of the Moon and The Mutiny of Elsinore.",
"She was also his editor.",
"She shared his intentions by removing material that was inconsistent with his purpose and suggesting changes to the structure.",
"She contributed passages, most notably descriptions.",
"Her diaries and original manuscripts show her involvement in many of his writings.",
"She was a partner in the Beauty Ranch.",
"The goal was to be a self-sufficient and sustainable source of food products.",
"Jack's stepsister was in charge of activities.",
"Charmian's main interest was animal rearing.",
"She was known for her intuitive eye and was involved in the choice of stock for horses.",
"At the California State Fair, the couple won top awards for their breeds.",
"Jack died of uremia in 1916 and left his entire estate to his first wife and their children.",
"There were no children who survived Charmian and Jack.",
"A daughter, Joy, died after birth.",
"The Beauty Ranch was saved by Charmian and Eliza Shepard after Jack's death.",
"She sold screenplay rights to filmmakers.",
"He had writings that were published posthumously, including Dutch Courage and Other Stories.",
"She wrote a novel for a magazine.",
"Trips abroad to arrange good translations were her most significant activity to promote London's works.",
"She made sure his writings would be published worldwide and spread his reputation accordingly.",
"Charmian published The Book of Jack London as part of her marketing.",
"The book is considered an important source of biographical information by scholars.",
"One biographer said it was an \"uneven account that omitted Jack's illegitimacy, yet has surprisingly frank information concerning his personality.\"",
"Charmian wrote nonfiction as well.",
"The key themes were travel, animal protection and prisoner rights.",
"She included more of her husband's views and praise for the original island culture in the updated version of Our Hawaii: Islands and Islanders.",
"Charmian searched for an experienced biographer to prepare a comprehensive study because her Book of Jack London was neither comprehensive nor unbiased.",
"Irving Stone was invited to study the extensive collection of letters and documents needed for the work in 1935.",
"Charmian evicted him from the ranch because he went into her diaries and love letters.",
"The Sailor on Horseback was criticized for lifting material from London's fiction as fact, emphasis upon excessive womanizing, and failures as a writer and rancher.",
"The claim that Jack had committed suicide shocked Charmian and Eliza Shepard.",
"The subtitle of the second edition was \"A Biographical Novel.\"",
"Charmian supported stepdaughter Joan London.",
"Her father's Socialist writings were emphasized in Jack London and His Times.",
"Charmian arranged the rights to her biography in order to block Stone's book.",
"The movie \"Jack London\" starred Michael O'Shea as Jack and Susan Hayward as Charmian.",
"In widowhood Charmian sought brief encounters with Frank about sexuality, which she believed was a source of energy.",
"She was not exclusive during the few periods that they met.",
"She had an emotional relationship with Frederick O'Brien, a popular writer of South Sea travel accounts.",
"She was discreet with her lovers to protect her reputation and that of Jack London.",
"Charmian was afflicted by high blood pressure for a long time.",
"She died at the age of 83.",
"Her ashes are next to Jack's grave at Jack London State Historic Park in Glen Ellen, California.",
"London, Jack, Mrs., by the beach is a brief biography of a 20th-century American woman writer."
] | <mask> (November 27, 1871 – January 14, 1955) was an American writer and the second wife of <mask>. Early life
"Clara" <mask> was born to poet and writer Dayelle "Daisy" Wiley and California hotelier Willard "Kitt" Kittredge at a railroad outpost south of Los Angeles. Her mother died in 1877 when Charmian was six years old. Charmian's father sent her to Oakland, California, where she was raised by her aunt, Ninetta "Netta" Wiley Eames and husband Roscoe Eames, who had no children of their own. A nationally acclaimed writer and editor, Netta Wiley taught Charmian at home, emphasizing literature, the fine arts, and piano. A business manager, Eames taught her shorthand, typing and accounting. When the Eames household moved to Berkeley, California, Charmian became exposed to leaders in the Arts and Crafts movement, which shaped her aesthetics.Lectures given by University of California professors introduced her to modern literature and philosophy. She also was a part of the intellectual circle that surrounded the Overland Monthly. In 1897, she participated in a three day horseback ride to Yosemite, where she joined a group of celebrated scientists, painters, photographers, political leaders, and founders of the Sierra Club. Believing in free love, the Eameses encouraged an attitude toward sexuality as pleasurable and guilt-free. By adolescence, Charmian was typical of the New Woman emerging to counter traditional feminine roles. Charmian inherited funds from both sides of her family. These enabled further education at Mills College, where she concentrated on a non-degree program of literature, the arts, and philosophy.She also worked as secretary to the school's co-founder and later president, Susan Tolman Mills. In the 1890s, she worked for Harding and Forbes, a shipping firm in San Francisco, California, during a time when middle-class women stayed at home and few women worked in offices. She learned photography and published some images. An avid horseback rider, she created a split skirt to ride astride, this during a time women rode sidesaddle. She also accompanied vocalists and string players at local concerts. She befriended Grace Hudson, and posed for some of her artwork. A European tour in 1901 furthered her appreciation of the fine arts and music.Before traveling to Europe, she visited Mt. Desert Island, to meet the Kittredge side of her family. Marriage and writing career
<mask> met <mask> in March 1900 during a luncheon at Young's restaurant with Netta Wiley Eames, who was working on an article for the Overland Monthly on <mask>. By this time, Charmian was now working for E. Mickle and Company, one of the largest shipping firms in San Francisco. She had an assistant who reported to her. Five years younger than Charmian, London found her literary knowledge impressive and admired her support for Socialism. They met on several occasions at <mask>'s home in Berkeley to discuss literature including the works Tess of the d'Urbervilles, The Forest Lovers, and Flood-Tide.A month later London married Elizabeth "Bess" Maddern, with whom he had two children. During this time Charmian began her own writing career. She published non-fiction essays, including a plea for women to quit riding sidesaddle. She also became part of Jack's social circle of Bohemian artists and writers known as The Crowd and started attending their weekly gatherings at the London's home. According to Joseph Noel, it was at one of these gatherings in 1902 that Jack first kissed Charmian. During this time Jack also became enamored of Anna Strunsky, a Socialist who co-authored his epistolary novel The Kempton-Wace Letters. In the summer of 1903, London took his family to a resort in Glen Ellen, California, Wake Robin then owned by Netta Wiley Eames.Jack left his family to take a short sailing trip but was injured in a buggy ride. Bess Maddern asked Charmian, living nearby, to look in on him. The result was a long secret love affair that led to divorce. The new couple married in Chicago on November 19, 1905. Charmian supported the honeymoon including Jack lecturing on Socialism. A trip to Jamaica and a recently independent Cuba followed, during which she photographed the island landscape. The couple settled at Wake Robin and developed a plan to buy land on Sonoma Mountain for ranching.Upon re-reading Joshua Slocum's Sailing Alone Around the World, they decided to repeat the journey. The trip on the Snark, designed by Jack, went only to Australia, yet provided the material for books by both writers. Charmian published articles for Mid-Pacific Magazine, along with The Log of the Snark (1915), and Our Hawaii (1917), The Log was well received by reviewers, who described the book as "clever, lucid, conversational, emotionally revealing, and humorous." Our Hawaii reflected upon the changes in the island between 1907 and 1916 to deplore the rapid changes brought about by tourism. Charmian played a direct role in her husband's writings as well. First, she was the model for many of his fictional characters, such as Saxon in The Valley of the Moon, Lute in "Planchette," and Paula in Little Lady of the Big House. Although London portrayed New Women prior to marrying Charmian, these and other characters incorporated full dimensions of his wife's character.Latest scholarship reveals <mask> was a collaborator as well on many of Jack's books, including The Valley of the Moon and The Mutiny of Elsinore. Often described as London's typist, she was also his editor. In that regard, she shared his intentions, by deleting material inconsistent with his purpose and by suggesting changes in structure. Even more, she contributed passages, most notably descriptions, her forte. Both the original manuscripts and her diaries document her full involvement in many of his writings. She was an active partner in the Beauty Ranch, their spread on Sonoma Mountain in Glen Ellen. The intention was a self-sufficient and sustainable source of food products.Jack's stepsister, <mask> Shepard, managed activities under his direction. Charmian's main interest was animal husbandry. She participated in the choice of stock for breeding and was known for her intuitive eye, notably with regard to horses. The couple won top awards at the California State Fair for their breeds. Widowhood
Jack died of uremia in 1916, bequeathing nearly his entire estate to Charmian, while leaving token amounts to his first wife and their children. <mask> and Jack had no children who survived them. A daughter, Joy, died soon after birth and several other pregnancies ended in miscarriage.Following Jack's death, Charmian joined Eliza Shepard in saving their home the Beauty Ranch. She completed sales of screenplay rights with filmmakers. She also wrote prefaces to his writings that were published posthumously, including Dutch Courage and Other Stories (1922). She completed his unfinished novel Cherry for Cosmopolitan magazine. Perhaps her most significant activity to publicize London's works was trips abroad to arrange good translations and protect copyrights. As a result, she ensured his writings would become published worldwide and spread his reputation accordingly. As part of her marketing London's name, Charmian published The Book of Jack London (two volumes) (1921).Scholars consider the book to be an important if sometimes flawed source of biographical information. One biographer calls it "an uneven account that omits Jack's illegitimacy, yet has surprisingly frank information nonetheless concerning his personality." Charmian wrote nonfiction as well. Key themes were travel, animal protection and prisoner rights. Our Hawaii: Islands and Islanders updated her earlier version by including more of her husband's views, along with her praise for the original island culture. Aware her Book of Jack London was neither comprehensive nor unbiased, Charmian searched for an experienced biographer to prepare a comprehensive study. This led in 1935 to her inviting Irving Stone to the ranch to study the extensive collection of letters and documents needed for the work.Discovering he went into some of her hidden diaries and love letters, <mask> evicted him from the ranch. His Sailor on Horseback earned reviewer criticism for lifting material from London's fiction as fact, emphasis upon excessive womanizing, and failures as a writer and rancher. <mask> and Eliza Shepard were shocked to read the claim Jack had committed suicide. The publishers brought out the second edition with the subtitle "A Biographical Novel." In response to Stone's version, <mask> supported stepdaughter <mask>. Her Jack London and His Times emphasized her father's Socialist writings and activities. As a further block on Stone's book, <mask> arranged screenplay rights of her biography."Jack London" featured in 1943, starring Michael O'Shea as Jack and Susan Hayward as Charmian. Frank about sexuality, which she believed was a source of energy and transcendence, in widowhood Charmian sought brief encounters. Although most cited was her relationship with Harry Houdini, she was not exclusive during the few periods they met. Her longest and most emotional relationship was with Frederick O'Brien, then a popular writer of South Sea travel accounts. She was discreet with her many lovers to protect her public reputation, and by implication, that of <mask>. Long afflicted by high blood pressure, by 1947 Charmian was often bedridden following repeated strokes. She died in 1955, at the age of 83.Her ashes rest beside her husband Jack's under the rock that marks their grave near Glen Ellen, California at Jack London State Historic Park. References
External links
Brief biography
London, Jack, Mrs., by the beach - loc.gov
20th-century American women writers
<mask>
1871 births
1955 deaths
Writers from Los Angeles
History of the San Francisco Bay Area
20th-century American biographers
American women biographers
20th-century sailors
Female sailors
Harry Houdini
Mills College alumni
People from Wilmington, Los Angeles
American socialists | [
"Charmian Kittredge London",
"Jack London",
"Charmian Kittredge",
"Charmian",
"Jack London",
"Jack London",
"Charmian",
"Charmian",
"Eliza London",
"Charmian",
"Charmian",
"Charmian",
"Charmian",
"Joan London",
"Charmian",
"Jack London",
"Jack London"
] | The second wife of <mask> was <mask>. <mask> was born at a railroad outpost south of Los Angeles. Charmian was six years old when her mother died. Charmian was raised by her aunt and her husband in Oakland, California, who had no children of their own. Charmian was taught at home by a writer and editor who emphasized literature, the fine arts, and piano. She was taught shorthand, typing and accounting by a business manager. Charmian was exposed to leaders in the Arts and Crafts movement, which shaped her aesthetic.She was introduced to modern literature and philosophy by professors at the University of California. She was a part of the intellectual circle. In 1897, she joined a group of scientists, painters, photographers, and political leaders on a three day horseback ride to the Sierra Club. The Eameses believed that sexuality should be pleasurable and guilt-free. The New Woman emerged to counter traditional feminine roles by adolescence. Charmian had money from both sides of her family. She concentrated on a non- degree program of literature, the arts, and philosophy at Mills College.Susan Tolman Mills was the school's co- founder and later president. During a time when middle-class women stayed at home and few women worked in offices, she worked for a shipping firm in San Francisco in the 1890s. She published some images. During a time when women rode sidesaddle, she created a split skirt to ride astride. At local concerts, she accompanied vocalists and string players. She posed for some of Grace Hudson's artwork. She appreciated the fine arts and music more during a European tour in 1901.She visited Mt. before going to Europe. She wanted to meet the Kittredge side of her family. During a luncheon at Young's restaurant, Charmian met <mask>, who was working on an article for the Overland Monthly. Charmian was working for E. Mickle and Company, one of the largest shipping firms in San Francisco. An assistant was reporting to her. <mask> was five years younger than Charmian and admired her support for socialism. Several times they met at Charmian's home in Berkeley to discuss literature, including the works of the d'Urbervilles, The Forest Lovers, and Flood-Tide.He had two children with Elizabeth "Bess" Maddern. Charmian started her own writing career. She made a plea for women to stop riding sidesaddle. She became part of Jack's social circle of bohemian artists and writers known as The Crowd and started attending their weekly gatherings at the London's home. Jack kissed Charmian at one of these gatherings. Jack became enamored with Anna Strunsky, a Socialist who co-authored his novel The Kempton-Wace Letters. In the summer of 1903, <mask> and his family went to the Wake Robin resort in Glen Ellen, California.Jack was injured in a buggy ride while on a sailing trip with his family. Charmian was asked to look in on him by Bess Maddern. A long secret love affair resulted in divorce. The couple were married in Chicago in 1905. Jack lectured on socialism on the honeymoon. She took pictures of the island landscape during her trips to Jamaica and Cuba. The couple decided to buy land on Sonoma Mountain for ranching.They decided to go back on the journey after re-reading Sailing Alone Around the World. The material for books by both writers was provided by the trip on the Snark, designed by Jack. The Log was well received by reviewers, who described the book as "clever, lucid, conversational, emotionally revealing, and humorous." Charmian published articles for Mid-Pacific Magazine, along with The Log of the Snark, and Our Hawaii. The rapid changes brought about by tourism were deplored by our Hawaii. Charmian had a direct role in her husband's writings. She was the model for many of his fictional characters, such as Saxon in The Valley of the Moon, Lute in "Planchette," and Paula in Little Lady of the Big House. New Women and other characters incorporated the full dimensions of Charmian's character.<mask> worked on many of Jack's books, including The Valley of the Moon and The Mutiny of Elsinore. She was also his editor. She shared his intentions by removing material that was inconsistent with his purpose and suggesting changes to the structure. She contributed passages, most notably descriptions. Her diaries and original manuscripts show her involvement in many of his writings. She was a partner in the Beauty Ranch. The goal was to be a self-sufficient and sustainable source of food products.Jack's stepsister was in charge of activities. Charmian's main interest was animal rearing. She was known for her intuitive eye and was involved in the choice of stock for horses. At the California State Fair, the couple won top awards for their breeds. Jack died of uremia in 1916 and left his entire estate to his first wife and their children. There were no children who survived <mask> and Jack. A daughter, Joy, died after birth.The Beauty Ranch was saved by <mask> and Eliza Shepard after Jack's death. She sold screenplay rights to filmmakers. He had writings that were published posthumously, including Dutch Courage and Other Stories. She wrote a novel for a magazine. Trips abroad to arrange good translations were her most significant activity to promote London's works. She made sure his writings would be published worldwide and spread his reputation accordingly. Charmian published The Book of Jack London as part of her marketing.The book is considered an important source of biographical information by scholars. One biographer said it was an "uneven account that omitted Jack's illegitimacy, yet has surprisingly frank information concerning his personality." Charmian wrote nonfiction as well. The key themes were travel, animal protection and prisoner rights. She included more of her husband's views and praise for the original island culture in the updated version of Our Hawaii: Islands and Islanders. Charmian searched for an experienced biographer to prepare a comprehensive study because her Book of Jack London was neither comprehensive nor unbiased. Irving Stone was invited to study the extensive collection of letters and documents needed for the work in 1935.Charmian evicted him from the ranch because he went into her diaries and love letters. The Sailor on Horseback was criticized for lifting material from London's fiction as fact, emphasis upon excessive womanizing, and failures as a writer and rancher. The claim that Jack had committed suicide shocked Charmian and Eliza Shepard. The subtitle of the second edition was "A Biographical Novel." Charmian supported stepdaughter <mask>. Her father's Socialist writings were emphasized in <mask> and His Times. Charmian arranged the rights to her biography in order to block Stone's book.The movie "Jack London" starred Michael O'Shea as Jack and Susan Hayward as Charmian. In widowhood Charmian sought brief encounters with Frank about sexuality, which she believed was a source of energy. She was not exclusive during the few periods that they met. She had an emotional relationship with Frederick O'Brien, a popular writer of South Sea travel accounts. She was discreet with her lovers to protect her reputation and that of <mask>. Charmian was afflicted by high blood pressure for a long time. She died at the age of 83.Her ashes are next to Jack's grave at Jack London State Historic Park in Glen Ellen, California. London, Jack, Mrs., by the beach is a brief biography of a 20th-century American woman writer. | [
"Jack London",
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"London",
"London",
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"Charmian",
"Charmian",
"Joan London",
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"Jack London"
] |
54502697 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha%20Sung-woon | Ha Sung-woon | Ha Sung-woon (; born March 22, 1994) is a South Korean singer and songwriter. He is best known as a member of South Korean boy group Wanna One, as a member of boy group Hotshot, and currently as a solo artist. In 2019, he began his solo music career with his first extended play My Moment.
Career
Prior to 2017
Ha joined Star Crew Entertainment (formerly known as Ardor&Able) and debuted with Hotshot as main vocalist on October 29, 2014, with a digital single "Take a Shot".
2017–2018: Produce 101 and Wanna One
Ha and Roh Tae-hyun represented Ardor&Able Entertainment in the boy group reality survival show, Produce 101 Season 2 which aired on Mnet from April 7 until June 16, 2017. In the final concert that took place on July 1 and 2, 2017, at Olympic Hall in Seoul, Ha managed to gain 790,302 votes and was announced as the final member of the project boy group Wanna One under YMC Entertainment.
Ha debuted with Wanna One during Wanna One Premier Show-Con on August 7, 2017 at the Gocheok Sky Dome with a mini-album 1×1=1 (To Be One). He was also in the sub-group Lean on Me with Hwang Min-hyun and Yoon Ji-sung, performing the song "Forever and a Day" produced by Nell. The subunit was announced on the first day of Wanna One Go: X-Con, and the song was included on Wanna One's album 1÷x=1 (Undivided).
During his time with Wanna One, Ha was invited to join several TV programs, such as the eighth episode of SBS variety show Master Key, Law of the Jungle Sabah, which aired from July 27 to September 21, 2018, and MBC singing competition program King of Masked Singer, in which he got to the third round with his rendition of "Smile Again" by Rumble fish, "Drifting Apart" by Nell, and "Appearance" by Kim Bum-soo.
His contract with Wanna One ended on December 31, 2018, but he still appeared with the group until their final concerts (titled "Therefore") held across four days, ending on January 27, 2019 at the Gocheok Sky Dome in Seoul, where the group held their debut showcase.
2019: Graduation, solo debut, and solo activities
On January 28, Ha unveiled his self-composed song "Don't Forget" featuring former Wanna One member Park Ji-hoon. "Don't Forget" was released as a pre-release track from his EP My Moment, with lyrics about wishing to cherish memories with loved ones.
The singer began his solo activity by announcing his first two-day fan-meeting, "My Moment", which was held from March 8–9 at the SK Olympic Handball Gymnasium in Olympic Park, Seoul. The tickets went on sale on February 20 and sold out within two minutes of the pre-order becoming available. He was also scheduled to meet fans in six Asian cities including Tokyo on March 17, Osaka on the March 19, Taipei on March 23, Bangkok on March 30, Hong Kong on April 5, Macao on June 8, and Jakarta on June 22. While preparing for his solo debut, Ha showed his bright side in the interview and pictorial with The Star Magazine. He also did a photoshoot with Allure magazine, where he mentioned the EP. In between his schedule, the singer attended his graduation ceremony at the Dong-ah Institute of Media and Arts on February 22, 2019.
My Moment was released on February 28, 2019, featuring the upbeat lead single "Bird". The singer held a showcase at Live Hall in Gwangjin-gu, Seoul on February 27. The album consists of five tracks, which were all written and composed by Ha himself. He also served as the executive producer and participated in the production process, such as mixing and mastering. Hanteo reported that 45,600 copies of the album were sold on the first day of release, making My Moment the third-highest first-day sales for an album. It also became the first number one on the Gaon retail album chart, which began on March 4. My Moment topped the ninth week (February 24 – March 2) of the main Gaon Album Chart, and ranked first on the daily charts of February 28, March 2, and March 3. On March 1, Ha performed the songs "Bird" and "Tell Me I Love You" at One K Concert—a three-day music and art festival—at the Yeouido Parliament House grass field, which was held to commemorate the hundredth anniversary of the March 1 Movement and aims to spread the hopes of the reunification of the Korean Peninsula and peace in Northeast Asia and the world.
He was also appointed as a guest MC for SBS Inkigayo on March 2 and on March 13, Ha took the trophy on his first solo with the song "Bird" on Show Champion Ha sang the Korean national anthem at the 17th KTMF 2019 (the annual K Pop Festival which was held by the Korea Daily) and also perform three songs ("Bird", "Tell Me I Love You", and "Magic Castle") in front of more than twenty thousands spectators at the Hollywood Bowl - Los Angeles.
Beside his vocal and dance skills, Ha demonstrated his ability as a DJ in the MBC Radio program 'Idol Radio' on April 18, with JBJ95 as a guest. He also participated in several donation programs and projects. He became MC together with Kim Hee-ae, and former Wanna One member Lee Dae-hwi for MBC '2019 New Life for Children' on May 5 at Sangam MBC public hall, which has been held 29 times since the beginning of 1990. It is the best domestic donation program which aims to delivers hope to children suffering from diseases such as rare and incurable diseases Ha's fans hoped to convey their loves for children by donating KRW 27 million or US$27733 and became the highest donator during the event
In addition to his music related promotion and activities, Ha also donated his voice in EBS literature program 'Linking Hearts through the Voices of Idol Stars', the first project to combine idol readings and donations which aims to raise interest in Korean literature and create a new reading culture through the public readings. Hawas the second idol invited to join this special project after Chungha. He recited a novel written by Jun Sun-ok, "Ramen is cool" (라면은멋있다) and expressed his gratitude to be able to participate in such a meaningful project.
On May 12, Ha became a cast in SBS pilot program Bistro the noble (격조식당), a food variety program that sets the ultimate food with the finest ingredients which are produced by famous people from all over the country. He also became a line up in several concerts and festivals, such as: KCON 2019 Japan, Dream Concert 2019 which was held at the Seoul World Cup Stadium on May 18 (to promote 'dreams and hopes' to Korean youth), and the 13th Seoul Jazz Festival which was held at the SK Olympic Handball Gymnasium May 26.
Ha has sung several OSTs, including "Think of You" for tvN drama Her Private Life, "Immunity" for JTBC drama The wind blows, and "Because of You" for JTBC drama Flower Crew.
On June 5, Ha unveiled his self-composed song "Riding" featuring Dynamic Duo Gaeko, a pre-release track his second EP, BXXX, which was later released on July 8. The EP featured the medium tempo lead single "Blue" which shows a dramatic change in the song with an explosive vocal. The album consists of five tracks, of which four were written and composed by Ha. "Blue" was composed by Joombas (Hyuk Shin, KYUM LYK, and JJ Evans), while Ha gave his contribution as the lyricist. Hanteo reported that 66,056 copies of the album were sold on the first week of release.
Ha held his very first solo concert 'Dive in Color' in Seoul's Jamsil Indoor Stadium, one of the five biggest concert halls in Korea, from July 26 to 27. The pre-sale tickets were sold out shortly after it opened. He also held his concert at Busan BEXCO 1st Exhibition Hall on August 3, and in Tokyo, Japan, from September 12 to 13. On October 5, Sungwoon partnered up with renowned producer and composer Yoon Sang and released a collaboration single "Dream of a Dream" as part of the Fever Festival. Since early November, he consistently ranks 1st in the top 10 most popular entertainer in non-drama TV field, for his variety show skill in SkyDrama - 'We Play'.
2020: OST release, Twilight Zone, Mirage, and other activities
UNICEF Korea Committee launched the campaign 'Safe Water, Save Lives!' from March 19 to 31 to support drinking water for children in developing countries. The campaign period coincides with World Water Day which also falls on the same day as Ha's birthday, March 22.
Ha actively sympathizes with the preciousness of water, and participated in the campaign video as a talent donation, appealing for warm interest and support for children suffering from contaminated drinking water. Lee Ki-chul, secretary-general of UNICEF's Korean Committee said, "I heard that Ha's name was made up of water and cloud. Ha Sung-woon, who has a special relationship with water in his birthday and his name, joined together to create a more special campaign. We ask that more people join us in this campaign to protect children's lives with clean water." The funds raised through the 'Safe Water, Save Lives!' campaign will be used to support drinking water purifiers, oral hydration supplements and hand pumps for children suffering from contaminated water.
On April 30, it was announced that Ha would be releasing an OST for the drama The King: Eternal Monarch titled "I Fall In Love" on May 2.
Ha released his third EP, Twilight Zone, on June 8, featuring the lead single "Get Ready".
For the second year now, Benefit Cosmetics Korea has announced that Ha will be the product endorser for its Love & Summer campaign dedicated for its range of Lip Tint products following the success of the first HaSungWoon x Benefit campaign in 2019. Continuing his summer activities, Ha participated in an online donation concert by MBC TV and World Vision to comfort people suffering from Coronavirus disease 2019. More recently, Ha performed in the 26th Dream Concert (South Korea), one of the most anticipated concerts in Korea via livestream broadcast.
On July 28, Ha was featured in Ravi's Summer EP with the title track "Paradise".
Ha released his fourth EP, Mirage on November 9, featuring the lead single "Forbidden Island".
2021: Sneakers, Select Shop, Electrified: Urban Nostalgia, and new agency
Ha released his fifth EP, Sneakers on June 7, featuring the lead single of the same name. The repackaged version of his fifth EP, Select Shop was released on August 9, featuring the lead single "Strawberry Gum", featuring Don Mills.
On November 2, it was reported that Ha had ended his contract with Star Crew Entertainment starting from October 31 and he decided not to renew it.
Ha released his sixth EP, Electrified: Urban Nostalgia on November 19, as his last release under Star Crew Entertainment, featuring the lead single "Electrified".
On December 24, Ha signed a contract with BPM Entertainment.
2022: You
On February 9, Ha released his special album, You, featuring the lead single "Can't Live Without You".
Discography
Extended plays
Reissues
Singles
Other charted songs
Soundtrack appearances
Other releases and collaborations
Filmography
Television and Radio shows
Songwriting and composing
Awards and nominations
Notes
References
1994 births
Living people
People from Goyang
Produce 101 contestants
Swing Entertainment artists
BPM Entertainment artists
South Korean television personalities
South Korean male idols
South Korean pop singers
South Korean singer-songwriters
South Korean dance musicians
21st-century South Korean singers
K-pop singers
Wanna One members
Reality show winners | [
"Ha Sung-woon (; born March 22, 1994) is a South Korean singer and songwriter.",
"He is best known as a member of South Korean boy group Wanna One, as a member of boy group Hotshot, and currently as a solo artist.",
"In 2019, he began his solo music career with his first extended play My Moment.",
"Career\n\nPrior to 2017\nHa joined Star Crew Entertainment (formerly known as Ardor&Able) and debuted with Hotshot as main vocalist on October 29, 2014, with a digital single \"Take a Shot\".",
"2017–2018: Produce 101 and Wanna One\n\nHa and Roh Tae-hyun represented Ardor&Able Entertainment in the boy group reality survival show, Produce 101 Season 2 which aired on Mnet from April 7 until June 16, 2017.",
"In the final concert that took place on July 1 and 2, 2017, at Olympic Hall in Seoul, Ha managed to gain 790,302 votes and was announced as the final member of the project boy group Wanna One under YMC Entertainment.",
"Ha debuted with Wanna One during Wanna One Premier Show-Con on August 7, 2017 at the Gocheok Sky Dome with a mini-album 1×1=1 (To Be One).",
"He was also in the sub-group Lean on Me with Hwang Min-hyun and Yoon Ji-sung, performing the song \"Forever and a Day\" produced by Nell.",
"The subunit was announced on the first day of Wanna One Go: X-Con, and the song was included on Wanna One's album 1÷x=1 (Undivided).",
"During his time with Wanna One, Ha was invited to join several TV programs, such as the eighth episode of SBS variety show Master Key, Law of the Jungle Sabah, which aired from July 27 to September 21, 2018, and MBC singing competition program King of Masked Singer, in which he got to the third round with his rendition of \"Smile Again\" by Rumble fish, \"Drifting Apart\" by Nell, and \"Appearance\" by Kim Bum-soo.",
"His contract with Wanna One ended on December 31, 2018, but he still appeared with the group until their final concerts (titled \"Therefore\") held across four days, ending on January 27, 2019 at the Gocheok Sky Dome in Seoul, where the group held their debut showcase.",
"2019: Graduation, solo debut, and solo activities\nOn January 28, Ha unveiled his self-composed song \"Don't Forget\" featuring former Wanna One member Park Ji-hoon.",
"\"Don't Forget\" was released as a pre-release track from his EP My Moment, with lyrics about wishing to cherish memories with loved ones.",
"The singer began his solo activity by announcing his first two-day fan-meeting, \"My Moment\", which was held from March 8–9 at the SK Olympic Handball Gymnasium in Olympic Park, Seoul.",
"The tickets went on sale on February 20 and sold out within two minutes of the pre-order becoming available.",
"He was also scheduled to meet fans in six Asian cities including Tokyo on March 17, Osaka on the March 19, Taipei on March 23, Bangkok on March 30, Hong Kong on April 5, Macao on June 8, and Jakarta on June 22.",
"While preparing for his solo debut, Ha showed his bright side in the interview and pictorial with The Star Magazine.",
"He also did a photoshoot with Allure magazine, where he mentioned the EP.",
"In between his schedule, the singer attended his graduation ceremony at the Dong-ah Institute of Media and Arts on February 22, 2019.",
"My Moment was released on February 28, 2019, featuring the upbeat lead single \"Bird\".",
"The singer held a showcase at Live Hall in Gwangjin-gu, Seoul on February 27.",
"The album consists of five tracks, which were all written and composed by Ha himself.",
"He also served as the executive producer and participated in the production process, such as mixing and mastering.",
"Hanteo reported that 45,600 copies of the album were sold on the first day of release, making My Moment the third-highest first-day sales for an album.",
"It also became the first number one on the Gaon retail album chart, which began on March 4.",
"My Moment topped the ninth week (February 24 – March 2) of the main Gaon Album Chart, and ranked first on the daily charts of February 28, March 2, and March 3.",
"On March 1, Ha performed the songs \"Bird\" and \"Tell Me I Love You\" at One K Concert—a three-day music and art festival—at the Yeouido Parliament House grass field, which was held to commemorate the hundredth anniversary of the March 1 Movement and aims to spread the hopes of the reunification of the Korean Peninsula and peace in Northeast Asia and the world.",
"He was also appointed as a guest MC for SBS Inkigayo on March 2 and on March 13, Ha took the trophy on his first solo with the song \"Bird\" on Show Champion Ha sang the Korean national anthem at the 17th KTMF 2019 (the annual K Pop Festival which was held by the Korea Daily) and also perform three songs (\"Bird\", \"Tell Me I Love You\", and \"Magic Castle\") in front of more than twenty thousands spectators at the Hollywood Bowl - Los Angeles.",
"Beside his vocal and dance skills, Ha demonstrated his ability as a DJ in the MBC Radio program 'Idol Radio' on April 18, with JBJ95 as a guest.",
"He also participated in several donation programs and projects.",
"He became MC together with Kim Hee-ae, and former Wanna One member Lee Dae-hwi for MBC '2019 New Life for Children' on May 5 at Sangam MBC public hall, which has been held 29 times since the beginning of 1990.",
"It is the best domestic donation program which aims to delivers hope to children suffering from diseases such as rare and incurable diseases Ha's fans hoped to convey their loves for children by donating KRW 27 million or US$27733 and became the highest donator during the event\n\nIn addition to his music related promotion and activities, Ha also donated his voice in EBS literature program 'Linking Hearts through the Voices of Idol Stars', the first project to combine idol readings and donations which aims to raise interest in Korean literature and create a new reading culture through the public readings.",
"Hawas the second idol invited to join this special project after Chungha.",
"He recited a novel written by Jun Sun-ok, \"Ramen is cool\" (라면은멋있다) and expressed his gratitude to be able to participate in such a meaningful project.",
"On May 12, Ha became a cast in SBS pilot program Bistro the noble (격조식당), a food variety program that sets the ultimate food with the finest ingredients which are produced by famous people from all over the country.",
"He also became a line up in several concerts and festivals, such as: KCON 2019 Japan, Dream Concert 2019 which was held at the Seoul World Cup Stadium on May 18 (to promote 'dreams and hopes' to Korean youth), and the 13th Seoul Jazz Festival which was held at the SK Olympic Handball Gymnasium May 26.",
"Ha has sung several OSTs, including \"Think of You\" for tvN drama Her Private Life, \"Immunity\" for JTBC drama The wind blows, and \"Because of You\" for JTBC drama Flower Crew.",
"On June 5, Ha unveiled his self-composed song \"Riding\" featuring Dynamic Duo Gaeko, a pre-release track his second EP, BXXX, which was later released on July 8.",
"The EP featured the medium tempo lead single \"Blue\" which shows a dramatic change in the song with an explosive vocal.",
"The album consists of five tracks, of which four were written and composed by Ha.",
"\"Blue\" was composed by Joombas (Hyuk Shin, KYUM LYK, and JJ Evans), while Ha gave his contribution as the lyricist.",
"Hanteo reported that 66,056 copies of the album were sold on the first week of release.",
"Ha held his very first solo concert 'Dive in Color' in Seoul's Jamsil Indoor Stadium, one of the five biggest concert halls in Korea, from July 26 to 27.",
"The pre-sale tickets were sold out shortly after it opened.",
"He also held his concert at Busan BEXCO 1st Exhibition Hall on August 3, and in Tokyo, Japan, from September 12 to 13.",
"On October 5, Sungwoon partnered up with renowned producer and composer Yoon Sang and released a collaboration single \"Dream of a Dream\" as part of the Fever Festival.",
"Since early November, he consistently ranks 1st in the top 10 most popular entertainer in non-drama TV field, for his variety show skill in SkyDrama - 'We Play'.",
"2020: OST release, Twilight Zone, Mirage, and other activities\nUNICEF Korea Committee launched the campaign 'Safe Water, Save Lives!'",
"from March 19 to 31 to support drinking water for children in developing countries.",
"The campaign period coincides with World Water Day which also falls on the same day as Ha's birthday, March 22.",
"Ha actively sympathizes with the preciousness of water, and participated in the campaign video as a talent donation, appealing for warm interest and support for children suffering from contaminated drinking water.",
"Lee Ki-chul, secretary-general of UNICEF's Korean Committee said, \"I heard that Ha's name was made up of water and cloud.",
"Ha Sung-woon, who has a special relationship with water in his birthday and his name, joined together to create a more special campaign.",
"We ask that more people join us in this campaign to protect children's lives with clean water.\"",
"The funds raised through the 'Safe Water, Save Lives!'",
"campaign will be used to support drinking water purifiers, oral hydration supplements and hand pumps for children suffering from contaminated water.",
"On April 30, it was announced that Ha would be releasing an OST for the drama The King: Eternal Monarch titled \"I Fall In Love\" on May 2.",
"Ha released his third EP, Twilight Zone, on June 8, featuring the lead single \"Get Ready\".",
"For the second year now, Benefit Cosmetics Korea has announced that Ha will be the product endorser for its Love & Summer campaign dedicated for its range of Lip Tint products following the success of the first HaSungWoon x Benefit campaign in 2019.",
"Continuing his summer activities, Ha participated in an online donation concert by MBC TV and World Vision to comfort people suffering from Coronavirus disease 2019.",
"More recently, Ha performed in the 26th Dream Concert (South Korea), one of the most anticipated concerts in Korea via livestream broadcast.",
"On July 28, Ha was featured in Ravi's Summer EP with the title track \"Paradise\".",
"Ha released his fourth EP, Mirage on November 9, featuring the lead single \"Forbidden Island\".",
"2021: Sneakers, Select Shop, Electrified: Urban Nostalgia, and new agency \nHa released his fifth EP, Sneakers on June 7, featuring the lead single of the same name.",
"The repackaged version of his fifth EP, Select Shop was released on August 9, featuring the lead single \"Strawberry Gum\", featuring Don Mills.",
"On November 2, it was reported that Ha had ended his contract with Star Crew Entertainment starting from October 31 and he decided not to renew it.",
"Ha released his sixth EP, Electrified: Urban Nostalgia on November 19, as his last release under Star Crew Entertainment, featuring the lead single \"Electrified\".",
"On December 24, Ha signed a contract with BPM Entertainment.",
"2022: You\nOn February 9, Ha released his special album, You, featuring the lead single \"Can't Live Without You\".",
"Discography\n\nExtended plays\n\nReissues\n\nSingles\n\nOther charted songs\n\nSoundtrack appearances\n\nOther releases and collaborations\n\nFilmography\n\nTelevision and Radio shows\n\nSongwriting and composing\n\nAwards and nominations\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\n1994 births\nLiving people\nPeople from Goyang\nProduce 101 contestants\nSwing Entertainment artists\nBPM Entertainment artists\nSouth Korean television personalities\nSouth Korean male idols\nSouth Korean pop singers\nSouth Korean singer-songwriters\nSouth Korean dance musicians\n21st-century South Korean singers\nK-pop singers\nWanna One members\nReality show winners"
] | [
"Ha Sung-woon was born on March 22, 1994 in South Korea.",
"He is best known as a member of South Korean boy group Wanna One, as a member of boy group Hotshot, and as a solo artist.",
"He began his solo music career with My Moment.",
"Ha joined Star Crew Entertainment (formerly known as Ardor&Able) and had a digital single with Hotshot called \"Take a Shot\".",
"The second season of Produce 101 aired on Mnet from April 7 to June 16.",
"Ha was announced as the final member of the project boy group Wanna One after gaining 790,302 votes in the final concert that took place on July 1 and 2, 2017.",
"The mini-album 11=1 (To Be One) was released on August 7, 2017, at the Gocheok Sky Dome.",
"He was a member of Lean on Me with Hwang Min-hyun and Yoon Ji-sung.",
"On the first day of the convention, the song was included on the album.",
"During his time with Wanna One, Ha was invited to join several TV programs, including the eighth episode of Master Key, Law of the Jungle Sabah, and the MBC singing competition program King of Masked Singer.",
"His contract with the group ended on December 31, but he was still with them until January 27, when they held their debut showcase at the Gocheok Sky Dome.",
"On January 28, Ha unveiled his self-composed song \"Don't Forget\" featuring former Wanna One member Park Ji-hoon.",
"The pre-release track \"Don't Forget\" was about wishing to relive memories with loved ones.",
"The singer began his solo activity by announcing his first two-day fan-meeting, \"My Moment\", which was held from March 8–9 at the SK Olympic Handball Gymnasium in Olympic Park.",
"The tickets sold out within two minutes of the pre-order becoming available.",
"He was scheduled to meet fans in six Asian cities, including Tokyo on March 17, Osaka on March 19, Taipei on March 23, Bangkok on March 30, Hong Kong on April 5, Macao on June 8, and Jakarta on June 22.",
"While preparing for his solo debut, Ha showed his bright side in an interview with The Star Magazine.",
"He did a photo shoot with Allure magazine.",
"The singer attended his graduation ceremony in the middle of his schedule.",
"\"Bird\" was the lead single of My Moment.",
"On February 27 the singer held a showcase at Live Hall.",
"The five tracks on the album were all written and composed by Ha.",
"He was involved in the production process, such as mixing and mastering.",
"My Moment sold 45,600 copies on the first day of release, making it the third-highest first-day sales for an album.",
"It was the first number one on the Gaon retail album chart.",
"My Moment was first on the daily charts of February 28, March 2 and March 3, and first on the main Gaon album chart for the ninth week in a row.",
"On March 1, Ha performed the songs \"Bird\" and \"Tell Me I Love You\" at One K Concert, a three-day music and art festival, which was held to commemorate the hundredth anniversary of the March 1 Movement.",
"Ha won the trophy on his first solo with the song \"Bird on Show\" at the 17th K Pop Festival which was held in March.",
"Ha demonstrated his ability as a DJ in the MBC Radio program 'Idol Radio' on April 18 with JBJ95 as a guest.",
"He was involved in several donation programs.",
"He became MC with Kim Hee-ae and former Wanna One member Lee Dae-hwi for MBC '2019 New Life for Children' on May 5 at Sangam MBC public hall, which has been held 29 times since 1990.",
"Ha's fans hoped to convey their love for children by donating KRW 27 million or US$27733 and became the highest donator during the event.",
"The second idol was invited to join this project.",
"\"Ramen is cool\" is a novel written by Jun Sun-ok and he expressed his gratitude to be able to participate in such a meaningful project.",
"Ha was cast in the pilot program Bistro the noble, a food variety program that sets the ultimate food with the finest ingredients which are produced by famous people from all over the country.",
"The Dream Concert which was held at the World Cup Stadium in May to promote 'dreams and hopes' to Korean youth was one of the concerts he became a line up in.",
"\"Because of You\" for Flower Crew is one of the OSTs that Ha has sung.",
"On June 5, Ha unveiled his self-composed song \"Riding\" featuring Dynamic Duo Gaeko, a pre-release track of his second album, BXXX, which was later released on July 8.",
"The lead single \"Blue\" has a dramatic change in the song with an exciting vocal.",
"Four of the five tracks were written and composed by Ha.",
"Joombas composed \"Blue\", while Ha wrote the lyrics.",
"The album sold 66,056 copies on its first week of release.",
"One of the five biggest concert halls in Korea hosted Ha's first solo concert 'Dive in Color' from July 26 to 27.",
"The tickets for the pre-sale were sold out very quickly.",
"On August 3, he held his concert at the BEXCO 1st Exhibition Hall.",
"The collaboration single \"Dream of a Dream\" was released on October 5 as part of the Fever Festival.",
"He has been ranked 1st in the top 10 most popular entertainers in non-drama TV since early November.",
"The campaign 'Safe Water, Save Lives!' was launched by the UNICEF Korea Committee.",
"There are children in developing countries who don't have access to drinking water.",
"World Water Day is on the same day as Ha's birthday and coincides with the campaign period.",
"Ha participated in the campaign video as a talent donation, appealing for warm interest and support for children suffering from contaminated drinking water, and he sympathizes with the preciousness of water.",
"Lee said that Ha's name was made up of water and cloud.",
"Ha Sung-woon, who has a special relationship with water in his birthday and his name, joined together to create a more special campaign.",
"We want more people to join us in protecting children's lives with clean water.",
"'Safe Water, Save Lives!' raised funds.",
"The drinking water purifiers, oral hydration supplements and hand pumps will be supported by the campaign.",
"On April 30, it was announced that Ha would be releasing an OST for The King: Eternal Monarch titled \"I Fall In Love\" on May 2.",
"\"Get Ready\" is the lead single of Ha's third album, which was released on June 8.",
"Benefit Cosmetics Korea has announced that Ha will be the product endorser for its Love & Summer campaign for the second year in a row, following the success of the first HaSungWoon x Benefit campaign in 2019.",
"Ha participated in an online concert by MBC TV and World Vision to raise money for people affected by coronaviruses.",
"Ha performed in the 26th Dream Concert, one of the most anticipated concerts in Korea, via livestream broadcast.",
"On July 28, Ha was featured in a song.",
"The lead single of Mirage was \"Forbidden Island\".",
"The lead single of the same name was released on June 7 by Ha, the new agency that is part of the 2021: Sneakers, Select Shop, Electrified: Urban Nostalgia, and new agency.",
"Select Shop was re-released on August 9 with the lead single \"Strawberry Gum\" featuring Don Mills.",
"On November 2, it was reported that Ha had ended his contract with Star Crew Entertainment and wouldn't be renewing it.",
"The lead single \"Electrified\" was released on November 19 as his last release under Star Crew Entertainment.",
"The contract was signed on December 24.",
"\"Can't Live Without You\" is the lead single of Ha's special album, You.",
"Songs that have been played on Discography include Reissues Singles, Soundtrack appearances, Filmography Television and Radio shows, and more."
] | <mask>-woon (; born March 22, 1994) is a South Korean singer and songwriter. He is best known as a member of South Korean boy group Wanna One, as a member of boy group Hotshot, and currently as a solo artist. In 2019, he began his solo music career with his first extended play My Moment. Career
Prior to 2017
<mask> joined Star Crew Entertainment (formerly known as Ardor&Able) and debuted with Hotshot as main vocalist on October 29, 2014, with a digital single "Take a Shot". 2017–2018: Produce 101 and Wanna One
<mask> and Roh Tae-hyun represented Ardor&Able Entertainment in the boy group reality survival show, Produce 101 Season 2 which aired on Mnet from April 7 until June 16, 2017. In the final concert that took place on July 1 and 2, 2017, at Olympic Hall in Seoul, <mask> managed to gain 790,302 votes and was announced as the final member of the project boy group Wanna One under YMC Entertainment. <mask> debuted with Wanna One during Wanna One Premier Show-Con on August 7, 2017 at the Gocheok Sky Dome with a mini-album 1×1=1 (To Be One).He was also in the sub-group Lean on Me with Hwang Min-hyun and Yoon Ji-sung, performing the song "Forever and a Day" produced by Nell. The subunit was announced on the first day of Wanna One Go: X-Con, and the song was included on Wanna One's album 1÷x=1 (Undivided). During his time with Wanna One, <mask> was invited to join several TV programs, such as the eighth episode of SBS variety show Master Key, Law of the Jungle Sabah, which aired from July 27 to September 21, 2018, and MBC singing competition program King of Masked Singer, in which he got to the third round with his rendition of "Smile Again" by Rumble fish, "Drifting Apart" by Nell, and "Appearance" by Kim Bum-soo. His contract with Wanna One ended on December 31, 2018, but he still appeared with the group until their final concerts (titled "Therefore") held across four days, ending on January 27, 2019 at the Gocheok Sky Dome in Seoul, where the group held their debut showcase. 2019: Graduation, solo debut, and solo activities
On January 28, <mask> unveiled his self-composed song "Don't Forget" featuring former Wanna One member Park Ji-hoon. "Don't Forget" was released as a pre-release track from his EP My Moment, with lyrics about wishing to cherish memories with loved ones. The singer began his solo activity by announcing his first two-day fan-meeting, "My Moment", which was held from March 8–9 at the SK Olympic Handball Gymnasium in Olympic Park, Seoul.The tickets went on sale on February 20 and sold out within two minutes of the pre-order becoming available. He was also scheduled to meet fans in six Asian cities including Tokyo on March 17, Osaka on the March 19, Taipei on March 23, Bangkok on March 30, Hong Kong on April 5, Macao on June 8, and Jakarta on June 22. While preparing for his solo debut, <mask> showed his bright side in the interview and pictorial with The Star Magazine. He also did a photoshoot with Allure magazine, where he mentioned the EP. In between his schedule, the singer attended his graduation ceremony at the Dong-ah Institute of Media and Arts on February 22, 2019. My Moment was released on February 28, 2019, featuring the upbeat lead single "Bird". The singer held a showcase at Live Hall in Gwangjin-gu, Seoul on February 27.The album consists of five tracks, which were all written and composed by <mask> himself. He also served as the executive producer and participated in the production process, such as mixing and mastering. <mask>o reported that 45,600 copies of the album were sold on the first day of release, making My Moment the third-highest first-day sales for an album. It also became the first number one on the Gaon retail album chart, which began on March 4. My Moment topped the ninth week (February 24 – March 2) of the main Gaon Album Chart, and ranked first on the daily charts of February 28, March 2, and March 3. On March 1, <mask> performed the songs "Bird" and "Tell Me I Love You" at One K Concert—a three-day music and art festival—at the Yeouido Parliament House grass field, which was held to commemorate the hundredth anniversary of the March 1 Movement and aims to spread the hopes of the reunification of the Korean Peninsula and peace in Northeast Asia and the world. He was also appointed as a guest MC for SBS Inkigayo on March 2 and on March 13, <mask> took the trophy on his first solo with the song "Bird" on Show Champion <mask> sang the Korean national anthem at the 17th KTMF 2019 (the annual K Pop Festival which was held by the Korea Daily) and also perform three songs ("Bird", "Tell Me I Love You", and "Magic Castle") in front of more than twenty thousands spectators at the Hollywood Bowl - Los Angeles.Beside his vocal and dance skills, <mask> demonstrated his ability as a DJ in the MBC Radio program 'Idol Radio' on April 18, with JBJ95 as a guest. He also participated in several donation programs and projects. He became MC together with Kim Hee-ae, and former Wanna One member Lee Dae-hwi for MBC '2019 New Life for Children' on May 5 at Sangam MBC public hall, which has been held 29 times since the beginning of 1990. It is the best domestic donation program which aims to delivers hope to children suffering from diseases such as rare and incurable diseases <mask>'s fans hoped to convey their loves for children by donating KRW 27 million or US$27733 and became the highest donator during the event
In addition to his music related promotion and activities, <mask> also donated his voice in EBS literature program 'Linking Hearts through the Voices of Idol Stars', the first project to combine idol readings and donations which aims to raise interest in Korean literature and create a new reading culture through the public readings. <mask>was the second idol invited to join this special project after Chungha. He recited a novel written by Jun Sun-ok, "Ramen is cool" (라면은멋있다) and expressed his gratitude to be able to participate in such a meaningful project. On May 12, <mask> became a cast in SBS pilot program Bistro the noble (격조식당), a food variety program that sets the ultimate food with the finest ingredients which are produced by famous people from all over the country.He also became a line up in several concerts and festivals, such as: KCON 2019 Japan, Dream Concert 2019 which was held at the Seoul World Cup Stadium on May 18 (to promote 'dreams and hopes' to Korean youth), and the 13th Seoul Jazz Festival which was held at the SK Olympic Handball Gymnasium May 26. <mask> has sung several OSTs, including "Think of You" for tvN drama Her Private Life, "Immunity" for JTBC drama The wind blows, and "Because of You" for JTBC drama Flower Crew. On June 5, <mask> unveiled his self-composed song "Riding" featuring Dynamic Duo Gaeko, a pre-release track his second EP, BXXX, which was later released on July 8. The EP featured the medium tempo lead single "Blue" which shows a dramatic change in the song with an explosive vocal. The album consists of five tracks, of which four were written and composed by <mask>. "Blue" was composed by Joombas (Hyuk Shin, KYUM LYK, and JJ Evans), while <mask> gave his contribution as the lyricist. <mask>o reported that 66,056 copies of the album were sold on the first week of release.<mask> held his very first solo concert 'Dive in Color' in Seoul's Jamsil Indoor Stadium, one of the five biggest concert halls in Korea, from July 26 to 27. The pre-sale tickets were sold out shortly after it opened. He also held his concert at Busan BEXCO 1st Exhibition Hall on August 3, and in Tokyo, Japan, from September 12 to 13. On October 5, Sungwoon partnered up with renowned producer and composer Yoon Sang and released a collaboration single "Dream of a Dream" as part of the Fever Festival. Since early November, he consistently ranks 1st in the top 10 most popular entertainer in non-drama TV field, for his variety show skill in SkyDrama - 'We Play'. 2020: OST release, Twilight Zone, Mirage, and other activities
UNICEF Korea Committee launched the campaign 'Safe Water, Save Lives!' from March 19 to 31 to support drinking water for children in developing countries.The campaign period coincides with World Water Day which also falls on the same day as <mask>'s birthday, March 22. <mask> actively sympathizes with the preciousness of water, and participated in the campaign video as a talent donation, appealing for warm interest and support for children suffering from contaminated drinking water. Lee Ki-chul, secretary-general of UNICEF's Korean Committee said, "I heard that <mask>'s name was made up of water and cloud. <mask>-woon, who has a special relationship with water in his birthday and his name, joined together to create a more special campaign. We ask that more people join us in this campaign to protect children's lives with clean water." The funds raised through the 'Safe Water, Save Lives!' campaign will be used to support drinking water purifiers, oral hydration supplements and hand pumps for children suffering from contaminated water.On April 30, it was announced that <mask> would be releasing an OST for the drama The King: Eternal Monarch titled "I Fall In Love" on May 2. <mask> released his third EP, Twilight Zone, on June 8, featuring the lead single "Get Ready". For the second year now, Benefit Cosmetics Korea has announced that <mask> will be the product endorser for its Love & Summer campaign dedicated for its range of Lip Tint products following the success of the first HaSungWoon x Benefit campaign in 2019. Continuing his summer activities, <mask> participated in an online donation concert by MBC TV and World Vision to comfort people suffering from Coronavirus disease 2019. More recently, <mask> performed in the 26th Dream Concert (South Korea), one of the most anticipated concerts in Korea via livestream broadcast. On July 28, <mask> was featured in Ravi's Summer EP with the title track "Paradise". <mask> released his fourth EP, Mirage on November 9, featuring the lead single "Forbidden Island".2021: Sneakers, Select Shop, Electrified: Urban Nostalgia, and new agency
<mask> released his fifth EP, Sneakers on June 7, featuring the lead single of the same name. The repackaged version of his fifth EP, Select Shop was released on August 9, featuring the lead single "Strawberry Gum", featuring Don Mills. On November 2, it was reported that <mask> had ended his contract with Star Crew Entertainment starting from October 31 and he decided not to renew it. <mask> released his sixth EP, Electrified: Urban Nostalgia on November 19, as his last release under Star Crew Entertainment, featuring the lead single "Electrified". On December 24, <mask> signed a contract with BPM Entertainment. 2022: You
On February 9, <mask> released his special album, You, featuring the lead single "Can't Live Without You". Discography
Extended plays
Reissues
Singles
Other charted songs
Soundtrack appearances
Other releases and collaborations
Filmography
Television and Radio shows
Songwriting and composing
Awards and nominations
Notes
References
1994 births
Living people
People from Goyang
Produce 101 contestants
Swing Entertainment artists
BPM Entertainment artists
South Korean television personalities
South Korean male idols
South Korean pop singers
South Korean singer-songwriters
South Korean dance musicians
21st-century South Korean singers
K-pop singers
Wanna One members
Reality show winners | [
"Ha Sung",
"Ha",
"Ha",
"Ha",
"Ha",
"Ha",
"Ha",
"Ha",
"Ha",
"Hante",
"Ha",
"Ha",
"Ha",
"Ha",
"Ha",
"Ha",
"Ha",
"Ha",
"Ha",
"Ha",
"Ha",
"Ha",
"Hante",
"Ha",
"Ha",
"Ha",
"Ha",
"Ha Sung",
"Ha",
"Ha",
"Ha",
"Ha",
"Ha",
"Ha",
"Ha",
"Ha",
"Ha",
"Ha",
"Ha",
"Ha"
] | <mask>oon was born on March 22, 1994 in South Korea. He is best known as a member of South Korean boy group Wanna One, as a member of boy group Hotshot, and as a solo artist. He began his solo music career with My Moment. <mask> joined Star Crew Entertainment (formerly known as Ardor&Able) and had a digital single with Hotshot called "Take a Shot". The second season of Produce 101 aired on Mnet from April 7 to June 16. <mask> was announced as the final member of the project boy group Wanna One after gaining 790,302 votes in the final concert that took place on July 1 and 2, 2017. The mini-album 11=1 (To Be One) was released on August 7, 2017, at the Gocheok Sky Dome.He was a member of Lean on Me with Hwang Min-hyun and Yoon Ji-sung. On the first day of the convention, the song was included on the album. During his time with Wanna One, <mask> was invited to join several TV programs, including the eighth episode of Master Key, Law of the Jungle Sabah, and the MBC singing competition program King of Masked Singer. His contract with the group ended on December 31, but he was still with them until January 27, when they held their debut showcase at the Gocheok Sky Dome. On January 28, <mask> unveiled his self-composed song "Don't Forget" featuring former Wanna One member Park Ji-hoon. The pre-release track "Don't Forget" was about wishing to relive memories with loved ones. The singer began his solo activity by announcing his first two-day fan-meeting, "My Moment", which was held from March 8–9 at the SK Olympic Handball Gymnasium in Olympic Park.The tickets sold out within two minutes of the pre-order becoming available. He was scheduled to meet fans in six Asian cities, including Tokyo on March 17, Osaka on March 19, Taipei on March 23, Bangkok on March 30, Hong Kong on April 5, Macao on June 8, and Jakarta on June 22. While preparing for his solo debut, <mask> showed his bright side in an interview with The Star Magazine. He did a photo shoot with Allure magazine. The singer attended his graduation ceremony in the middle of his schedule. "Bird" was the lead single of My Moment. On February 27 the singer held a showcase at Live Hall.The five tracks on the album were all written and composed by <mask>. He was involved in the production process, such as mixing and mastering. My Moment sold 45,600 copies on the first day of release, making it the third-highest first-day sales for an album. It was the first number one on the Gaon retail album chart. My Moment was first on the daily charts of February 28, March 2 and March 3, and first on the main Gaon album chart for the ninth week in a row. On March 1, <mask> performed the songs "Bird" and "Tell Me I Love You" at One K Concert, a three-day music and art festival, which was held to commemorate the hundredth anniversary of the March 1 Movement. <mask> won the trophy on his first solo with the song "Bird on Show" at the 17th K Pop Festival which was held in March.<mask> demonstrated his ability as a DJ in the MBC Radio program 'Idol Radio' on April 18 with JBJ95 as a guest. He was involved in several donation programs. He became MC with Kim Hee-ae and former Wanna One member Lee Dae-hwi for MBC '2019 New Life for Children' on May 5 at Sangam MBC public hall, which has been held 29 times since 1990. <mask>'s fans hoped to convey their love for children by donating KRW 27 million or US$27733 and became the highest donator during the event. The second idol was invited to join this project. "Ramen is cool" is a novel written by Jun Sun-ok and he expressed his gratitude to be able to participate in such a meaningful project. <mask> was cast in the pilot program Bistro the noble, a food variety program that sets the ultimate food with the finest ingredients which are produced by famous people from all over the country.The Dream Concert which was held at the World Cup Stadium in May to promote 'dreams and hopes' to Korean youth was one of the concerts he became a line up in. "Because of You" for Flower Crew is one of the OSTs that <mask> has sung. On June 5, <mask> unveiled his self-composed song "Riding" featuring Dynamic Duo Gaeko, a pre-release track of his second album, BXXX, which was later released on July 8. The lead single "Blue" has a dramatic change in the song with an exciting vocal. Four of the five tracks were written and composed by <mask>. Joombas composed "Blue", while <mask> wrote the lyrics. The album sold 66,056 copies on its first week of release.One of the five biggest concert halls in Korea hosted <mask>'s first solo concert 'Dive in Color' from July 26 to 27. The tickets for the pre-sale were sold out very quickly. On August 3, he held his concert at the BEXCO 1st Exhibition Hall. The collaboration single "Dream of a Dream" was released on October 5 as part of the Fever Festival. He has been ranked 1st in the top 10 most popular entertainers in non-drama TV since early November. The campaign 'Safe Water, Save Lives!' was launched by the UNICEF Korea Committee. There are children in developing countries who don't have access to drinking water.World Water Day is on the same day as <mask>'s birthday and coincides with the campaign period. <mask> participated in the campaign video as a talent donation, appealing for warm interest and support for children suffering from contaminated drinking water, and he sympathizes with the preciousness of water. Lee said that <mask>'s name was made up of water and cloud. <mask>-woon, who has a special relationship with water in his birthday and his name, joined together to create a more special campaign. We want more people to join us in protecting children's lives with clean water. 'Safe Water, Save Lives!' raised funds. The drinking water purifiers, oral hydration supplements and hand pumps will be supported by the campaign.On April 30, it was announced that <mask> would be releasing an OST for The King: Eternal Monarch titled "I Fall In Love" on May 2. "Get Ready" is the lead single of <mask>'s third album, which was released on June 8. Benefit Cosmetics Korea has announced that <mask> will be the product endorser for its Love & Summer campaign for the second year in a row, following the success of the first HaSungWoon x Benefit campaign in 2019. <mask> participated in an online concert by MBC TV and World Vision to raise money for people affected by coronaviruses. <mask> performed in the 26th Dream Concert, one of the most anticipated concerts in Korea, via livestream broadcast. On July 28, <mask> was featured in a song. The lead single of Mirage was "Forbidden Island".The lead single of the same name was released on June 7 by <mask>, the new agency that is part of the 2021: Sneakers, Select Shop, Electrified: Urban Nostalgia, and new agency. Select Shop was re-released on August 9 with the lead single "Strawberry Gum" featuring Don Mills. On November 2, it was reported that <mask> had ended his contract with Star Crew Entertainment and wouldn't be renewing it. The lead single "Electrified" was released on November 19 as his last release under Star Crew Entertainment. The contract was signed on December 24. "Can't Live Without You" is the lead single of <mask>'s special album, You. Songs that have been played on Discography include Reissues Singles, Soundtrack appearances, Filmography Television and Radio shows, and more. | [
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6632207 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco%20Belinelli | Marco Belinelli | Marco Stefano Belinelli (; born 25 March 1986) is an Italian professional basketball player for Virtus Bologna of the Lega Basket Serie A (LBA). He was selected 18th overall in the 2007 NBA draft by the Golden State Warriors. In 2014, he won the NBA championship with the San Antonio Spurs, becoming the first Italian player to do so. He won the Three-Point Contest during the 2014 NBA All-Star Weekend. He played in the 2007, 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2017 editions of the FIBA EuroBasket and the 2006 and 2019 editions of the FIBA World Championship with the Italian national basketball team.
Professional career
Virtus and Fortitudo Bologna (2002–2007)
Belinelli played in the Italian Serie A and the EuroLeague for Virtus Bologna and Fortitudo Bologna. In 2004, he lost the EuroLeague Finals against Maccabi Tel Aviv, and in 2005, he won the Serie A title with Fortitudo.
NBA (2007–2020)
Golden State Warriors (2007–2009)
After being selected #18 in the first round of the 2007 NBA draft by the Golden State Warriors, Belinelli scored 37 points in his first NBA Summer League game against the New Orleans Hornets, going 14-on-20 from the field, including 5-on-7 from behind the arc, adding 5 boards, 2 assists and 1 steal to help the Warriors earn a 110–102 win. His performance is tied for second for the highest scoring game ever in Vegas summer league history, behind Keith Bogans' 38 scored as a member of the Orlando Magic in 2004. Belinelli finished his Summer League scoring an average of 22.8 points per game in 4 games with the Warriors, before returning to Italy to be part of the Italian national team for EuroBasket 2007. On 19 December 2008, he scored 27 points, in a game the Warriors lost to Atlanta Hawks.
Toronto Raptors (2009–2010)
On 30 July 2009, he was traded to the Toronto Raptors for Devean George, joining Italian national squad teammate Andrea Bargnani. He played his first NBA game as a starter for Toronto on 2 February 2010 against the Indiana Pacers.
New Orleans Hornets (2010–2012)
On 11 August 2010, he was traded to the New Orleans Hornets for Julian Wright. After the 2010–11 season, he became a restricted free agent. On 13 December 2011, he signed the $3.4 million qualifying offer to stay with the Hornets for one more year.
Chicago Bulls (2012-2013)
On 24 July 2012, Belinelli signed with the Chicago Bulls. Since joining the Bulls, Belinelli developed a reputation of being a clutch player, hitting shots that include a game winning shot against the Celtics in overtime while falling down, a go-ahead layup against the Detroit Pistons after Joakim Noah saved the ball from going out of bounds, a game-winning lay-up with 20 seconds remaining against the Brooklyn Nets, and a 3 pointer to give the Bulls a 1-point lead with 5 seconds remaining in a game vs. the Utah Jazz. Belinelli and Joakim Noah each scored 24 points in a game 7 victory over the Brooklyn Nets in the first round of the 2013 NBA Playoffs.
San Antonio Spurs (2013–2015)
On 11 July 2013, Belinelli signed with the San Antonio Spurs.
On 2 January 2014, Belinelli scored a career-high 32 points in a 101-105 loss to the New York Knicks.
Belinelli also won the Three-Point Contest at the 2014 NBA All-Star Weekend in New Orleans, beating Bradley Beal of the Washington Wizards at the second attempt in the final after Beal equaled Belinelli's score in the initial final round. In the tiebreaker, Belinelli made six straight shots at a single point, sweeping his fourth rack.
In his first season with the Spurs, Belinelli posted career-highs percentage-wise on field goal percentage, three-point percentage, and free-throw percentage.
In Game 3 of the 2014 NBA Finals against the two-time defending champion Miami Heat, Belinelli hit a crucial 3 pointer in the third quarter that increased San Antonio's lead back to double digits. The Heat had rallied, cutting the Spurs' half-time lead of 21 points to just seven, before Belinelli's three-pointer. Upon winning the 2014 Finals, he became the first Italian player to win an NBA championship.
Sacramento Kings (2015–2016)
On 13 July 2015, Belinelli signed with the Sacramento Kings. On 30 December 2015, he scored a season-high 28 points in a loss to the Philadelphia 76ers.
Charlotte Hornets (2016–2017)
On 7 July 2016, Belinelli was traded to the Charlotte Hornets in exchange for the draft rights to Malachi Richardson.
Atlanta Hawks (2017–2018)
On 20 June 2017, Belinelli was traded, along with Miles Plumlee and the 41st pick which became Tyler Dorsey in the 2017 NBA draft, to the Atlanta Hawks in exchange for Dwight Howard and the 31st overall pick (Frank Jackson) in the 2017 NBA draft. On 9 February 2018, he was waived by the Hawks.
Philadelphia 76ers (2018)
On 12 February 2018, Belinelli signed with the Philadelphia 76ers. In Game 3 of the Eastern Conference Semi-Finals against the Boston Celtics, Marco made a two-point corner shot to send the game to overtime, 89-89. However, the 76ers would lose to the Celtics, 98-101.
Second stint with the San Antonio Spurs (2018-2020)
On 20 July 2018, Belinelli signed with the San Antonio Spurs, returning to the franchise for a second stint.
Virtus Bologna (2020–present)
On 26 November 2020, Belinelli left the NBA and returned to Italy signing a three-year deal, until June 2023 with Virtus Bologna. In April 2021, despite a winning record of 19–2, Virtus was defeated in the EuroCup's semifinals by UNICS Kazan. However, the season ended with a great success. In fact, after having knocked out 3–0 both Basket Treviso in the quarterfinals and New Basket Brindisi in the semifinals, on 11 June Virtus defeated 4–0 its historic rival Olimpia Milano in the national finals, winning its 16th national title and the first one after twenty years.
On 21 September 2021, the team won its second Supercup, defeating Olimpia Milano 90–84.
National team career
Belinelli made his debut with the Italian national team in the 2006 FIBA World Championship. In that tournament, he scored 25 points against the United States national team, including a dunk on Carmelo Anthony. In that tournament, he averaged 13.5 points per game, being the best scorer of his team.
He averaged 15.5 points per game at the 2007 EuroBasket, 12.0 points per game at the 2011 EuroBasket, 13.6 points per game at the 2013 EuroBasket, 16.3 points per game at the 2015 EuroBasket and 17.9 points per game at the 2017 EuroBasket.
Career statistics
NBA
Regular season
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Golden State
| 33 || 0 || 7.3 || .387 || .390 || .778 || .4 || .5 || .2 || .0 || 2.9
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Golden State
| 42 || 23 || 21.0 || .442 || .397 || .769 || 1.7 || 2.1 || .9 || .0 || 8.9
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Toronto
| 66 || 1 || 17.0 || .406 || .380 || .835 || 1.4 || 1.3 || .6 || .1 || 7.1
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | New Orleans
| 80 || 69 || 24.5 || .437 || .414 || .784 || 1.9 || 1.2 || .5 || .1 || 10.5
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | New Orleans
| 66 || 55 || 29.8 || .417 || .377 || .783 || 2.6 || 1.5 || .7 || .1 || 11.8
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Chicago
| 73 || 27 || 25.8 || .395 || .357 || .839 || 1.9 || 2.0 || .6 || .1 || 9.6
|-
| style="text-align:left;background:#afe6ba;"| †
| align="left" | San Antonio
| 80 || 25 || 25.2 || .485 || .430 || .847 || 2.8 || 2.2 || .6 || .1 || 11.4
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | San Antonio
| 62 || 9 || 22.4 || .423 || .374 || .848 || 2.5 || 1.5 || .5 || .0 || 9.2
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Sacramento
| 68 || 7 || 24.6 || .386 || .306 || .833 || 1.7 || 1.9 || .5 || .0 || 10.2
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Charlotte
| 74 || 0 || 24.0 || .429 || .362 || .893 || 2.4 || 2.0 || .6 || .1 || 10.5
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Atlanta
| 52 || 1 || 23.3 || .411 || .372 || .927 || 1.9 || 2.0 || .9 || .1 || 11.4
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Philadelphia
| 28 || 1 || 26.3 || .495 || .385 || .870 || 1.8 || 1.6 || .7 || .3 || 13.6
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | San Antonio
| 79 || 1 || 23.0 || .413 || .372 || .903 || 2.5 || 1.7 || .4 || .1 || 10.5
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | San Antonio
| 57 || 0 || 15.5 || .392 || .376 || .828 || 1.7 || 1.2 || .2 || .0 || 6.3
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Career
| 860 || 219 || 22.7 || .424 || .376 || .846 || 2.1 || 1.7 || .6 || .1 || 9.7
Playoffs
|-
| align="left" | 2011
| align="left" | New Orleans
| 6 || 6 || 28.8 || .365 || .308 || 1.000 || .8 || .7 || .8 || .0 || 9.7
|-
| align="left" | 2013
| align="left" | Chicago
| 12 || 7 || 27.1 || .411 || .340 || .879 || 2.9 || 2.6 || .4 || .0 || 11.1
|-
| style="text-align:left;background:#afe6ba;"| 2014†
| align="left" | San Antonio
| 23 || 0 || 15.5 || .444 || .421 || .955 || 2.3 || .8 || .1 || .0 || 5.4
|-
| align="left" | 2015
| align="left" | San Antonio
| 7 || 0 || 16.6 || .513 || .467 || .846 || 1.9 || 1.4 || .3 || .0 || 9.3
|-
| align="left" | 2018
| align="left" | Philadelphia
| 10 || 0 || 27.3 || .406 || .348 || .871 || 2.1 || 2.0 || .7 || .0 || 12.9
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 2019
| style="text-align:left;" | San Antonio
| 7 || 0 || 18.7 || .368 || .381 || .833 || 1.9 || 1.1 || .0 || .3 || 5.9
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | Career
| 65 ||13 || 21.1 || .416 || .375 || .890 || 2.1 || 1.4 || .3 || .0 || 8.5
EuroLeague
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2002–03
| style="text-align:left;"| Virtus Bologna
| 8 || 0 || 16.2 || .395 || .278 || .667 || 1.3 || 1.0 || .4 || .0 || 5.6 || 4.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2003–04
| style="text-align:left;"| Fortitudo Bologna
| 16 || 7 || 12.3 || .425 || .391 || .833 || .6 || .3 || .3 || .0 || 3.0 || 1.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2004–05
| style="text-align:left;"| Fortitudo Bologna
| 20 || 1 || 14.6 || .500 || .367 || .688 || 1.1 || 1.1 || .6 || .1 || 4.2 || 3.6
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2005–06
| style="text-align:left;"| Fortitudo Bologna
| 19 || 12 || 27.6 || .479 || .439 || .711 || 1.6 || 1.0 || 1.4 || .0 || 13.4 || 9.4
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2006–07
| style="text-align:left;"| Fortitudo Bologna
| 13 || 13 || 27.4 || .378 || .320 || .756 || 1.9 || 1.3 || .8 || .0 || 12.8 || 8.7
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | Career
| 76 || 33 || 20.0 || .439 || .379 || .727 || 1.3 || .7 || .9 || .0 || 7.9 || 5.4
See also
List of European basketball players in the United States
List of Italian NBA players
Golden State Warriors draft history
List of youngest EuroLeague players
References
External links
Official website
Euroleague.net Profile
1986 births
Living people
2006 FIBA World Championship players
2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup players
Atlanta Hawks players
Charlotte Hornets players
Chicago Bulls players
Fortitudo Pallacanestro Bologna players
Golden State Warriors draft picks
Golden State Warriors players
Italian expatriate basketball people in Canada
Italian expatriate basketball people in the United States
Italian men's basketball players
Lega Basket Serie A players
National Basketball Association players from Italy
New Orleans Hornets players
People from San Giovanni in Persiceto
Philadelphia 76ers players
Sacramento Kings players
San Antonio Spurs players
Shooting guards
Small forwards
Toronto Raptors players
Virtus Bologna players | [
"Marco Stefano Belinelli (; born 25 March 1986) is an Italian professional basketball player for Virtus Bologna of the Lega Basket Serie A (LBA).",
"He was selected 18th overall in the 2007 NBA draft by the Golden State Warriors.",
"In 2014, he won the NBA championship with the San Antonio Spurs, becoming the first Italian player to do so.",
"He won the Three-Point Contest during the 2014 NBA All-Star Weekend.",
"He played in the 2007, 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2017 editions of the FIBA EuroBasket and the 2006 and 2019 editions of the FIBA World Championship with the Italian national basketball team.",
"Professional career\n\nVirtus and Fortitudo Bologna (2002–2007)\nBelinelli played in the Italian Serie A and the EuroLeague for Virtus Bologna and Fortitudo Bologna.",
"In 2004, he lost the EuroLeague Finals against Maccabi Tel Aviv, and in 2005, he won the Serie A title with Fortitudo.",
"NBA (2007–2020)\n\nGolden State Warriors (2007–2009)\nAfter being selected #18 in the first round of the 2007 NBA draft by the Golden State Warriors, Belinelli scored 37 points in his first NBA Summer League game against the New Orleans Hornets, going 14-on-20 from the field, including 5-on-7 from behind the arc, adding 5 boards, 2 assists and 1 steal to help the Warriors earn a 110–102 win.",
"His performance is tied for second for the highest scoring game ever in Vegas summer league history, behind Keith Bogans' 38 scored as a member of the Orlando Magic in 2004.",
"Belinelli finished his Summer League scoring an average of 22.8 points per game in 4 games with the Warriors, before returning to Italy to be part of the Italian national team for EuroBasket 2007.",
"On 19 December 2008, he scored 27 points, in a game the Warriors lost to Atlanta Hawks.",
"Toronto Raptors (2009–2010)\n\nOn 30 July 2009, he was traded to the Toronto Raptors for Devean George, joining Italian national squad teammate Andrea Bargnani.",
"He played his first NBA game as a starter for Toronto on 2 February 2010 against the Indiana Pacers.",
"New Orleans Hornets (2010–2012)\nOn 11 August 2010, he was traded to the New Orleans Hornets for Julian Wright.",
"After the 2010–11 season, he became a restricted free agent.",
"On 13 December 2011, he signed the $3.4 million qualifying offer to stay with the Hornets for one more year.",
"Chicago Bulls (2012-2013)\nOn 24 July 2012, Belinelli signed with the Chicago Bulls.",
"Since joining the Bulls, Belinelli developed a reputation of being a clutch player, hitting shots that include a game winning shot against the Celtics in overtime while falling down, a go-ahead layup against the Detroit Pistons after Joakim Noah saved the ball from going out of bounds, a game-winning lay-up with 20 seconds remaining against the Brooklyn Nets, and a 3 pointer to give the Bulls a 1-point lead with 5 seconds remaining in a game vs. the Utah Jazz.",
"Belinelli and Joakim Noah each scored 24 points in a game 7 victory over the Brooklyn Nets in the first round of the 2013 NBA Playoffs.",
"San Antonio Spurs (2013–2015)\nOn 11 July 2013, Belinelli signed with the San Antonio Spurs.",
"On 2 January 2014, Belinelli scored a career-high 32 points in a 101-105 loss to the New York Knicks.",
"Belinelli also won the Three-Point Contest at the 2014 NBA All-Star Weekend in New Orleans, beating Bradley Beal of the Washington Wizards at the second attempt in the final after Beal equaled Belinelli's score in the initial final round.",
"In the tiebreaker, Belinelli made six straight shots at a single point, sweeping his fourth rack.",
"In his first season with the Spurs, Belinelli posted career-highs percentage-wise on field goal percentage, three-point percentage, and free-throw percentage.",
"In Game 3 of the 2014 NBA Finals against the two-time defending champion Miami Heat, Belinelli hit a crucial 3 pointer in the third quarter that increased San Antonio's lead back to double digits.",
"The Heat had rallied, cutting the Spurs' half-time lead of 21 points to just seven, before Belinelli's three-pointer.",
"Upon winning the 2014 Finals, he became the first Italian player to win an NBA championship.",
"Sacramento Kings (2015–2016)\nOn 13 July 2015, Belinelli signed with the Sacramento Kings.",
"On 30 December 2015, he scored a season-high 28 points in a loss to the Philadelphia 76ers.",
"Charlotte Hornets (2016–2017)\nOn 7 July 2016, Belinelli was traded to the Charlotte Hornets in exchange for the draft rights to Malachi Richardson.",
"Atlanta Hawks (2017–2018)\nOn 20 June 2017, Belinelli was traded, along with Miles Plumlee and the 41st pick which became Tyler Dorsey in the 2017 NBA draft, to the Atlanta Hawks in exchange for Dwight Howard and the 31st overall pick (Frank Jackson) in the 2017 NBA draft.",
"On 9 February 2018, he was waived by the Hawks.",
"Philadelphia 76ers (2018)\n\nOn 12 February 2018, Belinelli signed with the Philadelphia 76ers.",
"In Game 3 of the Eastern Conference Semi-Finals against the Boston Celtics, Marco made a two-point corner shot to send the game to overtime, 89-89.",
"However, the 76ers would lose to the Celtics, 98-101.",
"Second stint with the San Antonio Spurs (2018-2020)\nOn 20 July 2018, Belinelli signed with the San Antonio Spurs, returning to the franchise for a second stint.",
"Virtus Bologna (2020–present)\nOn 26 November 2020, Belinelli left the NBA and returned to Italy signing a three-year deal, until June 2023 with Virtus Bologna.",
"In April 2021, despite a winning record of 19–2, Virtus was defeated in the EuroCup's semifinals by UNICS Kazan.",
"However, the season ended with a great success.",
"In fact, after having knocked out 3–0 both Basket Treviso in the quarterfinals and New Basket Brindisi in the semifinals, on 11 June Virtus defeated 4–0 its historic rival Olimpia Milano in the national finals, winning its 16th national title and the first one after twenty years.",
"On 21 September 2021, the team won its second Supercup, defeating Olimpia Milano 90–84.",
"National team career\n\nBelinelli made his debut with the Italian national team in the 2006 FIBA World Championship.",
"In that tournament, he scored 25 points against the United States national team, including a dunk on Carmelo Anthony.",
"In that tournament, he averaged 13.5 points per game, being the best scorer of his team.",
"He averaged 15.5 points per game at the 2007 EuroBasket, 12.0 points per game at the 2011 EuroBasket, 13.6 points per game at the 2013 EuroBasket, 16.3 points per game at the 2015 EuroBasket and 17.9 points per game at the 2017 EuroBasket."
] | [
"Marco Belinelli was born on 25 March 1986 and is an Italian professional basketball player.",
"The Golden State Warriors selected him 18th in the NBA draft.",
"He was the first Italian player to win an NBA title with the San Antonio Spurs.",
"He won the Three-Point Contest.",
"He played for the Italian national basketball team in the 2006 and 2019 editions of the FIBA World Championship.",
"Belinelli played for Virtus Bologna and Fortitudo Bologna in the EuroLeague.",
"In 2004, he lost the EuroLeague Finals to Maccabi Tel Aviv, and in 2005, he won the Serie A title with Fortitudo.",
"Belinelli scored 37 points in his first NBA Summer League game against the New Orleans Hornets, going 14-on-20 from the field, including 5-on-7.",
"His performance is tied for second highest scoring game in Vegas summer league history, behind the 38 he scored as a member of the Magic in 2004.",
"Belinelli averaged 22.8 points per game in 4 games for the Warriors in the Summer League before returning to Italy to play for the Italian national team at EuroBasket 2007.",
"He scored 27 points in a game the Warriors lost to the Hawks.",
"On July 30, 2009, he was traded to the Toronto Raptors for his teammate on the Italian national squad.",
"He played in his first NBA game for Toronto on February 2, 2010 against the Indiana Pacers.",
"On August 11, 2010, he was traded to the New Orleans Hornets.",
"He became a restricted free agent after the 2010–11 season.",
"He signed the offer to stay with the Hornets for one more year.",
"Belinelli signed with the Chicago Bulls on July 24, 2012",
"Since joining the Bulls, Belinelli developed a reputation of being a clutch player, hitting shots that include a game winning shot against the Celtics in overtime while falling down, and a go-ahead layup against the Pistons after Joakim Noah saved the ball from going out of bounds.",
"Joakim Noah and Marco Belinelli each scored 24 points in a game 7 victory over the Brooklyn Nets in the first round of the NBA playoffs.",
"Belinelli signed with the San Antonio Spurs.",
"Belinelli scored a career-high 32 points in a 101-105 loss to the New York Knicks.",
"The Three-Point Contest at the NBA All-Star Weekend in New Orleans was won by Belinelli after Bradley Beal equaled his score in the initial final round.",
"Belinelli made six straight shots at a single point, sweeping his fourth rack.",
"Belinelli had career-highs in field goal percentage, three-point percentage, and free-throw percentage in his first season with the Spurs.",
"In the third quarter of the NBA Finals against the Miami Heat, Belinelli hit a crucial 3 pointer that increased San Antonio's lead back to double digits.",
"The Spurs had a 21-point lead at the half, but the Heat were able to cut it to seven before Belinelli's three-pointer.",
"He was the first Italian player to win an NBA championship.",
"Belinelli signed with the Kings on July 13, 2015.",
"He scored a season-high 28 points in a loss to the Philadelphia 76ers.",
"Belinelli was traded to the Charlotte Hornets in July of 2016 in exchange for the draft rights to Malachi Richardson.",
"Belinelli was traded along with Miles Plumlee and the 41st pick in the NBA draft to the Atlanta Hawks in exchange for Dwight Howard and the 31st overall pick in the NBA draft.",
"He was not retained by the Hawks.",
"Belinelli signed with the Philadelphia 76ers.",
"Marco made a two-point corner shot to send the game to overtime in the Eastern Conference Semi-Finals against the Boston Celtics.",
"The 76ers lost to the Celtics.",
"Belinelli returned to the San Antonio Spurs for a second stint on July 20, 2018, after signing with the team.",
"Belinelli left the NBA and signed a three-year deal with Virtus Bologna.",
"Virtus was defeated in the EuroCup's semifinals by UNICS Kazan.",
"The season ended with great success.",
"After knocking out Basket Treviso in the quarterfinals and New Basket Brindisi in the semifinals, Virtus defeated Olimpia Milano 4–0 in the national finals to win its 16th national title and the first one after twenty.",
"The team won the second Supercup on September 21, 2021.",
"Belinelli made his debut with the Italian national team in the 2006 FIBA World Championship.",
"He scored 25 points against the US national team, including a dunk on Anthony.",
"He averaged 13 points per game in that tournament.",
"He averaged 13.6 points per game at the 2012 EuroBasket, 16.3 points per game at the 2015 EuroBasket, and 17.9 points per game at the 2017 EuroBasket."
] | <mask> (; born 25 March 1986) is an Italian professional basketball player for Virtus Bologna of the Lega Basket Serie A (LBA). He was selected 18th overall in the 2007 NBA draft by the Golden State Warriors. In 2014, he won the NBA championship with the San Antonio Spurs, becoming the first Italian player to do so. He won the Three-Point Contest during the 2014 NBA All-Star Weekend. He played in the 2007, 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2017 editions of the FIBA EuroBasket and the 2006 and 2019 editions of the FIBA World Championship with the Italian national basketball team. Professional career
Virtus and Fortitudo Bologna (2002–2007)
<mask> played in the Italian Serie A and the EuroLeague for Virtus Bologna and Fortitudo Bologna. In 2004, he lost the EuroLeague Finals against Maccabi Tel Aviv, and in 2005, he won the Serie A title with Fortitudo.NBA (2007–2020)
Golden State Warriors (2007–2009)
After being selected #18 in the first round of the 2007 NBA draft by the Golden State Warriors, <mask> scored 37 points in his first NBA Summer League game against the New Orleans Hornets, going 14-on-20 from the field, including 5-on-7 from behind the arc, adding 5 boards, 2 assists and 1 steal to help the Warriors earn a 110–102 win. His performance is tied for second for the highest scoring game ever in Vegas summer league history, behind Keith Bogans' 38 scored as a member of the Orlando Magic in 2004. <mask> finished his Summer League scoring an average of 22.8 points per game in 4 games with the Warriors, before returning to Italy to be part of the Italian national team for EuroBasket 2007. On 19 December 2008, he scored 27 points, in a game the Warriors lost to Atlanta Hawks. Toronto Raptors (2009–2010)
On 30 July 2009, he was traded to the Toronto Raptors for Devean George, joining Italian national squad teammate Andrea Bargnani. He played his first NBA game as a starter for Toronto on 2 February 2010 against the Indiana Pacers. New Orleans Hornets (2010–2012)
On 11 August 2010, he was traded to the New Orleans Hornets for Julian Wright.After the 2010–11 season, he became a restricted free agent. On 13 December 2011, he signed the $3.4 million qualifying offer to stay with the Hornets for one more year. Chicago Bulls (2012-2013)
On 24 July 2012, <mask> signed with the Chicago Bulls. Since joining the Bulls, <mask> developed a reputation of being a clutch player, hitting shots that include a game winning shot against the Celtics in overtime while falling down, a go-ahead layup against the Detroit Pistons after Joakim Noah saved the ball from going out of bounds, a game-winning lay-up with 20 seconds remaining against the Brooklyn Nets, and a 3 pointer to give the Bulls a 1-point lead with 5 seconds remaining in a game vs. the Utah Jazz. <mask> and Joakim Noah each scored 24 points in a game 7 victory over the Brooklyn Nets in the first round of the 2013 NBA Playoffs. San Antonio Spurs (2013–2015)
On 11 July 2013, <mask> signed with the San Antonio Spurs. On 2 January 2014, <mask> scored a career-high 32 points in a 101-105 loss to the New York Knicks.<mask> also won the Three-Point Contest at the 2014 NBA All-Star Weekend in New Orleans, beating Bradley Beal of the Washington Wizards at the second attempt in the final after Beal equaled <mask>'s score in the initial final round. In the tiebreaker, <mask> made six straight shots at a single point, sweeping his fourth rack. In his first season with the Spurs, <mask> posted career-highs percentage-wise on field goal percentage, three-point percentage, and free-throw percentage. In Game 3 of the 2014 NBA Finals against the two-time defending champion Miami Heat, <mask> hit a crucial 3 pointer in the third quarter that increased San Antonio's lead back to double digits. The Heat had rallied, cutting the Spurs' half-time lead of 21 points to just seven, before <mask>'s three-pointer. Upon winning the 2014 Finals, he became the first Italian player to win an NBA championship. Sacramento Kings (2015–2016)
On 13 July 2015, <mask> signed with the Sacramento Kings.On 30 December 2015, he scored a season-high 28 points in a loss to the Philadelphia 76ers. Charlotte Hornets (2016–2017)
On 7 July 2016, <mask> was traded to the Charlotte Hornets in exchange for the draft rights to Malachi Richardson. Atlanta Hawks (2017–2018)
On 20 June 2017, <mask> was traded, along with Miles Plumlee and the 41st pick which became Tyler Dorsey in the 2017 NBA draft, to the Atlanta Hawks in exchange for Dwight Howard and the 31st overall pick (Frank Jackson) in the 2017 NBA draft. On 9 February 2018, he was waived by the Hawks. Philadelphia 76ers (2018)
On 12 February 2018, <mask> signed with the Philadelphia 76ers. In Game 3 of the Eastern Conference Semi-Finals against the Boston Celtics, <mask> made a two-point corner shot to send the game to overtime, 89-89. However, the 76ers would lose to the Celtics, 98-101.Second stint with the San Antonio Spurs (2018-2020)
On 20 July 2018, <mask> signed with the San Antonio Spurs, returning to the franchise for a second stint. Virtus Bologna (2020–present)
On 26 November 2020, <mask> left the NBA and returned to Italy signing a three-year deal, until June 2023 with Virtus Bologna. In April 2021, despite a winning record of 19–2, Virtus was defeated in the EuroCup's semifinals by UNICS Kazan. However, the season ended with a great success. In fact, after having knocked out 3–0 both Basket Treviso in the quarterfinals and New Basket Brindisi in the semifinals, on 11 June Virtus defeated 4–0 its historic rival Olimpia Milano in the national finals, winning its 16th national title and the first one after twenty years. On 21 September 2021, the team won its second Supercup, defeating Olimpia Milano 90–84. National team career
<mask> made his debut with the Italian national team in the 2006 FIBA World Championship.In that tournament, he scored 25 points against the United States national team, including a dunk on Carmelo Anthony. In that tournament, he averaged 13.5 points per game, being the best scorer of his team. He averaged 15.5 points per game at the 2007 EuroBasket, 12.0 points per game at the 2011 EuroBasket, 13.6 points per game at the 2013 EuroBasket, 16.3 points per game at the 2015 EuroBasket and 17.9 points per game at the 2017 EuroBasket. | [
"Marco Stefano Belinelli",
"Belinelli",
"Belinelli",
"Belinelli",
"Belinelli",
"Belinelli",
"Belinelli",
"Belinelli",
"Belinelli",
"Belinelli",
"Belinelli",
"Belinelli",
"Belinelli",
"Belinelli",
"Belinelli",
"Belinelli",
"Belinelli",
"Belinelli",
"Belinelli",
"Marco",
"Belinelli",
"Belinelli",
"Belinelli"
] | <mask> was born on 25 March 1986 and is an Italian professional basketball player. The Golden State Warriors selected him 18th in the NBA draft. He was the first Italian player to win an NBA title with the San Antonio Spurs. He won the Three-Point Contest. He played for the Italian national basketball team in the 2006 and 2019 editions of the FIBA World Championship. <mask> played for Virtus Bologna and Fortitudo Bologna in the EuroLeague. In 2004, he lost the EuroLeague Finals to Maccabi Tel Aviv, and in 2005, he won the Serie A title with Fortitudo.<mask> scored 37 points in his first NBA Summer League game against the New Orleans Hornets, going 14-on-20 from the field, including 5-on-7. His performance is tied for second highest scoring game in Vegas summer league history, behind the 38 he scored as a member of the Magic in 2004. <mask> averaged 22.8 points per game in 4 games for the Warriors in the Summer League before returning to Italy to play for the Italian national team at EuroBasket 2007. He scored 27 points in a game the Warriors lost to the Hawks. On July 30, 2009, he was traded to the Toronto Raptors for his teammate on the Italian national squad. He played in his first NBA game for Toronto on February 2, 2010 against the Indiana Pacers. On August 11, 2010, he was traded to the New Orleans Hornets.He became a restricted free agent after the 2010–11 season. He signed the offer to stay with the Hornets for one more year. <mask> signed with the Chicago Bulls on July 24, 2012 Since joining the Bulls, <mask> developed a reputation of being a clutch player, hitting shots that include a game winning shot against the Celtics in overtime while falling down, and a go-ahead layup against the Pistons after Joakim Noah saved the ball from going out of bounds. Joakim Noah and <mask> each scored 24 points in a game 7 victory over the Brooklyn Nets in the first round of the NBA playoffs. <mask> signed with the San Antonio Spurs. <mask> scored a career-high 32 points in a 101-105 loss to the New York Knicks.The Three-Point Contest at the NBA All-Star Weekend in New Orleans was won by <mask> after Bradley Beal equaled his score in the initial final round. <mask> made six straight shots at a single point, sweeping his fourth rack. <mask> had career-highs in field goal percentage, three-point percentage, and free-throw percentage in his first season with the Spurs. In the third quarter of the NBA Finals against the Miami Heat, <mask> hit a crucial 3 pointer that increased San Antonio's lead back to double digits. The Spurs had a 21-point lead at the half, but the Heat were able to cut it to seven before <mask>'s three-pointer. He was the first Italian player to win an NBA championship. <mask> signed with the Kings on July 13, 2015.He scored a season-high 28 points in a loss to the Philadelphia 76ers. <mask> was traded to the Charlotte Hornets in July of 2016 in exchange for the draft rights to Malachi Richardson. <mask> was traded along with Miles Plumlee and the 41st pick in the NBA draft to the Atlanta Hawks in exchange for Dwight Howard and the 31st overall pick in the NBA draft. He was not retained by the Hawks. <mask> signed with the Philadelphia 76ers. <mask> made a two-point corner shot to send the game to overtime in the Eastern Conference Semi-Finals against the Boston Celtics. The 76ers lost to the Celtics.<mask> returned to the San Antonio Spurs for a second stint on July 20, 2018, after signing with the team. <mask> left the NBA and signed a three-year deal with Virtus Bologna. Virtus was defeated in the EuroCup's semifinals by UNICS Kazan. The season ended with great success. After knocking out Basket Treviso in the quarterfinals and New Basket Brindisi in the semifinals, Virtus defeated Olimpia Milano 4–0 in the national finals to win its 16th national title and the first one after twenty. The team won the second Supercup on September 21, 2021. <mask> made his debut with the Italian national team in the 2006 FIBA World Championship.He scored 25 points against the US national team, including a dunk on Anthony. He averaged 13 points per game in that tournament. He averaged 13.6 points per game at the 2012 EuroBasket, 16.3 points per game at the 2015 EuroBasket, and 17.9 points per game at the 2017 EuroBasket. | [
"Marco Belinelli",
"Belinelli",
"Belinelli",
"Belinelli",
"Belinelli",
"Belinelli",
"Marco Belinelli",
"Belinelli",
"Belinelli",
"Belinelli",
"Belinelli",
"Belinelli",
"Belinelli",
"Belinelli",
"Belinelli",
"Belinelli",
"Belinelli",
"Belinelli",
"Marco",
"Belinelli",
"Belinelli",
"Belinelli"
] |
60370610 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dusty%20Hannahs | Dusty Hannahs | Gerald Ellis "Dusty" Hannahs III (born September 2, 1993) is an American professional basketball player for the Adelaide 36ers of the Australian National Basketball League (NBL). He played college basketball for Texas Tech and Arkansas.
Early life and high school
Hannahs was born and raised in Little Rock, Arkansas and attended high school at Pulaski Academy. He was a three-time All-District selection and was named first team 4A All-State in his junior and senior seasons with the Bruins. He committed to Texas Tech University after his junior season after averaging 26.2 points per game and shooting 51 percent from three. In his senior season, Hannahs averaged 20 points per game and led Pulaski to the 4A state championship game and scored 43 points in a loss to Clarksville High School.
College career
Texas Tech
Hannahs began his collegiate career at Texas Tech. He averaged 6.9 points as a freshman and 7.7 points per game as a sophomore while appearing mostly as a three-point specialist and sixth man off the bench. He set the Texas Tech season record for free throw percentage with 92.3 in his sophomore season. Following the end of the season, Hannahs announced that he would be transferring to the University of Arkansas.
Arkansas
Hannahs played for the Arkansas Razorbacks for the final two seasons of his eligibility after sitting out one year due to NCAA transfer rules. In his first season with the team, Hannahs led the Razorbacks with 16.5 points per game and lead the Southeastern Conference (SEC) with 81 three pointers made and a .433 three point percentage. He was named to the Jerry West Award watchlist going into his redshirt senior season. Hannahs again led Arkansas in scoring in his final season with 14.4 points per game and led the SEC with a 90.8 free throw percentage (10th-best in the nation) and was named second team All-SEC by NBCSports.com. He scored 1,047 points for the Razorbacks, becoming the fifth Arkansas player to score 1,000 points in two seasons, and finished ninth in school history with 155 three pointers made and with the third-best free throw percentage at .889.
Professional career
Memphis Hustle (2017–2019)
Hannahs originally committed to play overseas for AZS Koszalin of the Polish Basketball League but ultimately opted to sign with the Memphis Hustle of the NBA G League on October 6, 2017. In his first professional season, Hannahs appeared mostly as the Hustle's sixth man and averaged 9.2 points per game while shooting 44.1 percent on three point shots and 90.5 percent from the free throw line. He returned to the Hustle for a second season and was the only player on from the previous year's team on the roster. He averaged 14.5 points, 1.8 rebounds and 1.4 assists in 49 games, again as the Hustle's primary option off the bench, and led the G League with a 92.6 free throw percentage. Following the end of the season, Hannahs participated in the 2019 G-League Elite Camp along with other top G League players and college prospects.
Memphis Grizzlies (2019)
On March 30, 2019, the Memphis Grizzlies signed Hannahs to a 10-day contract. Hannahs made his NBA debut on March 31, 2019 in a 113-96 loss to the Los Angeles Clippers, scoring four points on 2-of-7 shooting with four assists and one rebound in 13 minutes of play. He was waived by the Grizzlies on April 4, 2019 after appearing in two games, scoring eight total points with a rebound and five assists. Following the end of the NBA season, Hannahs was named to the Grizzlies roster for the 2019 NBA Summer League.
Hannahs was named to the NBA G League Elite Team for the G League International Challenge in Montevideo, Uruguay. He averaged 14 points per game in the tournament, including a 21-point performance off the bench in the quarterfinals against the Urugayan League Elite team, as the G League Elite eventually fell in the final to Bayern Munich of the EuroLeague.
Hannahs was re-signed by the Grizzlies on October 14, 2019, but was waived the next day.
Second stint with Memphis Hustle (2019–2020)
On October 27, 2019, Hannahs returned to the Hustle for a third season. Hannahs was named the G League Player of the Week on December 2, 2019 after scoring 28 points against the Oklahoma City Blue and 32 points against the Maine Red Claws. He scored 30 points and had six rebounds, two assists and one steal in a 128-113 victory over the Rio Grande Valley Vipers on January 1, 2020. Hannahs was named Midseason All-NBA G League for the Western Conference. Hannahs averaged a team-leading 21.4 points per game on the season and was named third team All-NBA G League.
Second stint with Memphis Grizzlies (2020)
Hannahs was signed to a second 10-day contract on February 21, 2020. Hannahs was later waived by the Memphis Grizzlies on February 27, 2020.
Kolossos Rodou (2020)
On November 27, 2020, Hannahs signed with Kolossos Rodou of the Greek Basket League. On December 22, 2020, Hannahs parted ways with the Greek club citing family matters overseas.
Santa Cruz Warriors (2021)
On January 11, 2021, the Memphis Hustle announced that they had acquired the returning right to David Stockton from the South Bay Lakers in exchange for the returning right to Hannahs. This returning right was later traded by the South Bay Lakers to the Santa Cruz Warriors for a first round pick in 2022 NBA G League draft. The next day, Hannahs was included in the roster of Santa Cruz Warriors.
Adelaide 36ers (2021–present)
On July 20, 2021, Hannahs signed with the Adelaide 36ers for the 2021–22 NBL season.
Personal life
Hannahs is the son of former Arkansas and MLB pitcher Gerry Hannahs. Hannahs' father nicknamed him "Dusty" after former Los Angeles Dodgers teammate Dusty Baker.
Career statistics
NBA
Regular season
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Memphis
| 2|| 0 || 13.0 || .250 || .000 || 1.000 || .5 || 2.5 || .5 || .0 || 4.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Memphis
| 2 || 0 || 6.5 || .444 || .667 || 1.000 || .5 || .0 || .0 || .0 || 6.0
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Career
| 4 || 0 || 9.8 || .333 || .250 || 1.000 || .5 || 1.3 || .3 || .0 || 5.0
College
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2012–13
| style="text-align:left;"|Texas Tech
| 31 || 17 || 22.4|| .393 || .374 || .806 || 1.1 || .4|| .5 || 0.0 || 6.9
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2013–14
| style="text-align:left;"|Texas Tech
| 32 || 10 || 22.1 || .378 || .369 || .923 || 1.3 || 1.4|| .4|| 0.0 || 7.7
|-
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2014–15
| style="text-align:left;"|Arkansas
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="11"|Did not play – transfer
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2015–16
| style="text-align:left;"|Arkansas
| 32 || 20 || 27.1 || .458|| .433 || .870 || 2.4 || .9 || .6 || 0.0 || 16.5
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2016–17
| style="text-align:left;"|Arkansas
| 37 || 23 || 24.7 || .439 || .387|| .908 || 1.7 || 1.2 || .4 || .1 || 14.4
|-
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|Career
| 131 || 70 || 24.1|| .428 || .395 || .888 || 1.7 || .9 || .5 || 0.0 || 11.5
References
External links
Texas Tech Red Raiders bio
Arkansas Razorbacks bio
NBA G League profile
RealGM profile
1993 births
Living people
Adelaide 36ers players
American expatriate basketball people in Australia
American expatriate basketball people in Greece
American men's basketball players
Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball players
Basketball players from Arkansas
Kolossos Rodou B.C. players
Memphis Grizzlies players
Memphis Hustle players
Santa Cruz Warriors players
Shooting guards
Sportspeople from Little Rock, Arkansas
Texas Tech Red Raiders basketball players
Undrafted National Basketball Association players | [
"Gerald Ellis \"Dusty\" Hannahs III (born September 2, 1993) is an American professional basketball player for the Adelaide 36ers of the Australian National Basketball League (NBL).",
"He played college basketball for Texas Tech and Arkansas.",
"Early life and high school\nHannahs was born and raised in Little Rock, Arkansas and attended high school at Pulaski Academy.",
"He was a three-time All-District selection and was named first team 4A All-State in his junior and senior seasons with the Bruins.",
"He committed to Texas Tech University after his junior season after averaging 26.2 points per game and shooting 51 percent from three.",
"In his senior season, Hannahs averaged 20 points per game and led Pulaski to the 4A state championship game and scored 43 points in a loss to Clarksville High School.",
"College career\n\nTexas Tech\nHannahs began his collegiate career at Texas Tech.",
"He averaged 6.9 points as a freshman and 7.7 points per game as a sophomore while appearing mostly as a three-point specialist and sixth man off the bench.",
"He set the Texas Tech season record for free throw percentage with 92.3 in his sophomore season.",
"Following the end of the season, Hannahs announced that he would be transferring to the University of Arkansas.",
"Arkansas\nHannahs played for the Arkansas Razorbacks for the final two seasons of his eligibility after sitting out one year due to NCAA transfer rules.",
"In his first season with the team, Hannahs led the Razorbacks with 16.5 points per game and lead the Southeastern Conference (SEC) with 81 three pointers made and a .433 three point percentage.",
"He was named to the Jerry West Award watchlist going into his redshirt senior season.",
"Hannahs again led Arkansas in scoring in his final season with 14.4 points per game and led the SEC with a 90.8 free throw percentage (10th-best in the nation) and was named second team All-SEC by NBCSports.com.",
"He scored 1,047 points for the Razorbacks, becoming the fifth Arkansas player to score 1,000 points in two seasons, and finished ninth in school history with 155 three pointers made and with the third-best free throw percentage at .889.",
"Professional career\n\nMemphis Hustle (2017–2019)\nHannahs originally committed to play overseas for AZS Koszalin of the Polish Basketball League but ultimately opted to sign with the Memphis Hustle of the NBA G League on October 6, 2017.",
"In his first professional season, Hannahs appeared mostly as the Hustle's sixth man and averaged 9.2 points per game while shooting 44.1 percent on three point shots and 90.5 percent from the free throw line.",
"He returned to the Hustle for a second season and was the only player on from the previous year's team on the roster.",
"He averaged 14.5 points, 1.8 rebounds and 1.4 assists in 49 games, again as the Hustle's primary option off the bench, and led the G League with a 92.6 free throw percentage.",
"Following the end of the season, Hannahs participated in the 2019 G-League Elite Camp along with other top G League players and college prospects.",
"Memphis Grizzlies (2019)\nOn March 30, 2019, the Memphis Grizzlies signed Hannahs to a 10-day contract.",
"Hannahs made his NBA debut on March 31, 2019 in a 113-96 loss to the Los Angeles Clippers, scoring four points on 2-of-7 shooting with four assists and one rebound in 13 minutes of play.",
"He was waived by the Grizzlies on April 4, 2019 after appearing in two games, scoring eight total points with a rebound and five assists.",
"Following the end of the NBA season, Hannahs was named to the Grizzlies roster for the 2019 NBA Summer League.",
"Hannahs was named to the NBA G League Elite Team for the G League International Challenge in Montevideo, Uruguay.",
"He averaged 14 points per game in the tournament, including a 21-point performance off the bench in the quarterfinals against the Urugayan League Elite team, as the G League Elite eventually fell in the final to Bayern Munich of the EuroLeague.",
"Hannahs was re-signed by the Grizzlies on October 14, 2019, but was waived the next day.",
"Second stint with Memphis Hustle (2019–2020)\nOn October 27, 2019, Hannahs returned to the Hustle for a third season.",
"Hannahs was named the G League Player of the Week on December 2, 2019 after scoring 28 points against the Oklahoma City Blue and 32 points against the Maine Red Claws.",
"He scored 30 points and had six rebounds, two assists and one steal in a 128-113 victory over the Rio Grande Valley Vipers on January 1, 2020.",
"Hannahs was named Midseason All-NBA G League for the Western Conference.",
"Hannahs averaged a team-leading 21.4 points per game on the season and was named third team All-NBA G League.",
"Second stint with Memphis Grizzlies (2020)\nHannahs was signed to a second 10-day contract on February 21, 2020.",
"Hannahs was later waived by the Memphis Grizzlies on February 27, 2020.",
"Kolossos Rodou (2020)\nOn November 27, 2020, Hannahs signed with Kolossos Rodou of the Greek Basket League.",
"On December 22, 2020, Hannahs parted ways with the Greek club citing family matters overseas.",
"Santa Cruz Warriors (2021)\nOn January 11, 2021, the Memphis Hustle announced that they had acquired the returning right to David Stockton from the South Bay Lakers in exchange for the returning right to Hannahs.",
"This returning right was later traded by the South Bay Lakers to the Santa Cruz Warriors for a first round pick in 2022 NBA G League draft.",
"The next day, Hannahs was included in the roster of Santa Cruz Warriors.",
"Adelaide 36ers (2021–present)\nOn July 20, 2021, Hannahs signed with the Adelaide 36ers for the 2021–22 NBL season.",
"Personal life\nHannahs is the son of former Arkansas and MLB pitcher Gerry Hannahs.",
"Hannahs' father nicknamed him \"Dusty\" after former Los Angeles Dodgers teammate Dusty Baker.",
"players\nMemphis Grizzlies players\nMemphis Hustle players\nSanta Cruz Warriors players\nShooting guards\nSportspeople from Little Rock, Arkansas\nTexas Tech Red Raiders basketball players\nUndrafted National Basketball Association players"
] | [
"Gerald Ellis \"Dusty\" Hannahs III is an American professional basketball player for the Adelaide 36ers of the Australian National Basketball League.",
"He played basketball in college.",
"Hannahs was born and raised in Little Rock, Arkansas and attended high school there.",
"He was a three-time All-District selection and was named first team 4A All-State in his junior and senior seasons.",
"After his junior season, he committed to Texas Tech University.",
"Hannahs scored 43 points in a loss to Clarksville High School in the 4A state championship game, but he averaged 20 points per game in 2014–2018.",
"Hannahs began his college career at Texas Tech.",
"He averaged 6.9 points as a freshman and 7.7 points as a sophomore while appearing mostly as a three-point specialist and sixth man off the bench.",
"In his sophomore season, he set the Texas Tech season record for free throw percentage.",
"Hannahs decided to transfer to the University of Arkansas after the season ended.",
"After sitting out one year due to NCAA transfer rules, Hannahs played for the Arkansas Razorbacks for the final two seasons of his eligibility.",
"Hannahs led the SEC with 81 three pointers made and a.433 three point percentage in his first season with the Razorbacks.",
"He was on the Jerry West Award watchlist going into his senior season.",
"Hannahs was named second team All-SEC and led the SEC with a 90.8 free throw percentage in his final season at Arkansas.",
"He scored 1,047 points for the Razorbacks, becoming the fifth Arkansas player to score 1,000 points in two seasons, and finished ninth in school history with 155 three pointers made.",
"Hannahs originally intended to play overseas for AZS Koszalin of the Polish Basketball League but decided to sign with the Memphis Hustle of the NBA G League.",
"In his first professional season, Hannahs appeared mostly as the Hustle's sixth man and averaged 9.2 points per game while shooting 44.1 percent on three point shots and 90.5 percent from the free throw line.",
"He was the only player from the previous year's team on the roster for the second season.",
"He was the Hustle's primary option off the bench and led the G League with a 92.6 free throw percentage.",
"Hannahs attended the G-League Elite Camp with other top G League players and college prospects.",
"The Memphis Grizzlies signed Hannahs to a 10-day contract.",
"Hannahs made his NBA debut in a 113-96 loss to the Los Angeles Clippers, scoring four points on 2-of-7 shooting with four assists and one rebound in 13 minutes of play.",
"He scored eight points with a rebound and five assists in two games, but was not retained by the Grizzlies.",
"Hannahs was named to the Memphis roster for the NBA Summer League.",
"Hannahs was named to the NBA G League Elite Team for the G League International Challenge.",
"He averaged 14 points per game in the tournament, including a 21-point performance off the bench as the G League Elite fell in the final to the EuroLeague.",
"Hannahs was re-signed by the Grizzlies on October 14, but was released the next day.",
"Hannahs returned to the Memphis Hustle for a third season.",
"Hannahs was named the G League Player of the Week on December 2nd after scoring 28 points against the Oklahoma City Blue and 32 points against the Maine Red Claws.",
"He had 30 points, six rebound, two assists, and one steal in a 128-113 victory over the Rio Grande Valley Vipers on January 1, 2020.",
"Hannahs was named to the All-NBA G League.",
"Hannahs was named to the All-NBA G League third team.",
"Hannahs was signed to a second 10-day contract on February 21, 2020.",
"The Memphis Grizzlies nixed Hannahs on February 27, 2020.",
"Hannahs signed with the Greek Basket League on November 27, 2020.",
"Hannahs parted ways with the Greek club due to family matters overseas.",
"On January 11, 2021, the Memphis Hustle announced that they had acquired the returning right to David Stockton from the South Bay Lakers in exchange for the returning right to Hannahs.",
"The South Bay Lakers traded this returning right to the Santa Cruz Warriors for a first round pick in the NBA G League draft.",
"Hannahs was added to the Santa Cruz Warriors roster the next day.",
"Hannahs signed with the 36ers for the NBL season in 2021.",
"Hannahs is the son of a former baseball pitcher.",
"Hannahs was nicknamed \"Dusty\" by his father.",
"Sports people from Little Rock, Arkansas, and Texas Tech Red Raiders basketball players are Undrafted National Basketball Association players."
] | Gerald Ellis "<mask>" <mask> (born September 2, 1993) is an American professional basketball player for the Adelaide 36ers of the Australian National Basketball League (NBL). He played college basketball for Texas Tech and Arkansas. Early life and high school
<mask> was born and raised in Little Rock, Arkansas and attended high school at Pulaski Academy. He was a three-time All-District selection and was named first team 4A All-State in his junior and senior seasons with the Bruins. He committed to Texas Tech University after his junior season after averaging 26.2 points per game and shooting 51 percent from three. In his senior season, Hannahs averaged 20 points per game and led Pulaski to the 4A state championship game and scored 43 points in a loss to Clarksville High School. College career
Texas Tech
Hannahs began his collegiate career at Texas Tech.He averaged 6.9 points as a freshman and 7.7 points per game as a sophomore while appearing mostly as a three-point specialist and sixth man off the bench. He set the Texas Tech season record for free throw percentage with 92.3 in his sophomore season. Following the end of the season, <mask> announced that he would be transferring to the University of Arkansas. Arkansas
Hannahs played for the Arkansas Razorbacks for the final two seasons of his eligibility after sitting out one year due to NCAA transfer rules. In his first season with the team, Hannahs led the Razorbacks with 16.5 points per game and lead the Southeastern Conference (SEC) with 81 three pointers made and a .433 three point percentage. He was named to the Jerry West Award watchlist going into his redshirt senior season. Hannahs again led Arkansas in scoring in his final season with 14.4 points per game and led the SEC with a 90.8 free throw percentage (10th-best in the nation) and was named second team All-SEC by NBCSports.com.He scored 1,047 points for the Razorbacks, becoming the fifth Arkansas player to score 1,000 points in two seasons, and finished ninth in school history with 155 three pointers made and with the third-best free throw percentage at .889. Professional career
Memphis Hustle (2017–2019)
Hannahs originally committed to play overseas for AZS Koszalin of the Polish Basketball League but ultimately opted to sign with the Memphis Hustle of the NBA G League on October 6, 2017. In his first professional season, Hannahs appeared mostly as the Hustle's sixth man and averaged 9.2 points per game while shooting 44.1 percent on three point shots and 90.5 percent from the free throw line. He returned to the Hustle for a second season and was the only player on from the previous year's team on the roster. He averaged 14.5 points, 1.8 rebounds and 1.4 assists in 49 games, again as the Hustle's primary option off the bench, and led the G League with a 92.6 free throw percentage. Following the end of the season, Hannahs participated in the 2019 G-League Elite Camp along with other top G League players and college prospects. Memphis Grizzlies (2019)
On March 30, 2019, the Memphis Grizzlies signed Hannahs to a 10-day contract.<mask> made his NBA debut on March 31, 2019 in a 113-96 loss to the Los Angeles Clippers, scoring four points on 2-of-7 shooting with four assists and one rebound in 13 minutes of play. He was waived by the Grizzlies on April 4, 2019 after appearing in two games, scoring eight total points with a rebound and five assists. Following the end of the NBA season, <mask> was named to the Grizzlies roster for the 2019 NBA Summer League. <mask> was named to the NBA G League Elite Team for the G League International Challenge in Montevideo, Uruguay. He averaged 14 points per game in the tournament, including a 21-point performance off the bench in the quarterfinals against the Urugayan League Elite team, as the G League Elite eventually fell in the final to Bayern Munich of the EuroLeague. <mask> was re-signed by the Grizzlies on October 14, 2019, but was waived the next day. Second stint with Memphis Hustle (2019–2020)
On October 27, 2019, <mask> returned to the Hustle for a third season.<mask> was named the G League Player of the Week on December 2, 2019 after scoring 28 points against the Oklahoma City Blue and 32 points against the Maine Red Claws. He scored 30 points and had six rebounds, two assists and one steal in a 128-113 victory over the Rio Grande Valley Vipers on January 1, 2020. Hannahs was named Midseason All-NBA G League for the Western Conference. Hannahs averaged a team-leading 21.4 points per game on the season and was named third team All-NBA G League. Second stint with Memphis Grizzlies (2020)
Hannahs was signed to a second 10-day contract on February 21, 2020. <mask> was later waived by the Memphis Grizzlies on February 27, 2020. Kolossos Rodou (2020)
On November 27, 2020, <mask> signed with Kolossos Rodou of the Greek Basket League.On December 22, 2020, Hannahs parted ways with the Greek club citing family matters overseas. Santa Cruz Warriors (2021)
On January 11, 2021, the Memphis Hustle announced that they had acquired the returning right to David Stockton from the South Bay Lakers in exchange for the returning right to Hannahs. This returning right was later traded by the South Bay Lakers to the Santa Cruz Warriors for a first round pick in 2022 NBA G League draft. The next day, Hannahs was included in the roster of Santa Cruz Warriors. Adelaide 36ers (2021–present)
On July 20, 2021, Hannahs signed with the Adelaide 36ers for the 2021–22 NBL season. Personal life
Hannahs is the son of former Arkansas and MLB pitcher <mask>. Hannahs' father nicknamed him "<mask>" after former Los Angeles Dodgers teammate <mask>.players
Memphis Grizzlies players
Memphis Hustle players
Santa Cruz Warriors players
Shooting guards
Sportspeople from Little Rock, Arkansas
Texas Tech Red Raiders basketball players
Undrafted National Basketball Association players | [
"Dusty",
"Hannahs III",
"Hannahs",
"Hannahs",
"Hannahs",
"Hannahs",
"Hannahs",
"Hannahs",
"Hannahs",
"Hannahs",
"Hannahs",
"Hannahs",
"Gerry Hannahs",
"Dusty",
"Dusty Baker"
] | Gerald Ellis "<mask>" <mask> is an American professional basketball player for the Adelaide 36ers of the Australian National Basketball League. He played basketball in college. Hannahs was born and raised in Little Rock, Arkansas and attended high school there. He was a three-time All-District selection and was named first team 4A All-State in his junior and senior seasons. After his junior season, he committed to Texas Tech University. Hannahs scored 43 points in a loss to Clarksville High School in the 4A state championship game, but he averaged 20 points per game in 2014–2018. <mask> began his college career at Texas Tech.He averaged 6.9 points as a freshman and 7.7 points as a sophomore while appearing mostly as a three-point specialist and sixth man off the bench. In his sophomore season, he set the Texas Tech season record for free throw percentage. Hannahs decided to transfer to the University of Arkansas after the season ended. After sitting out one year due to NCAA transfer rules, <mask> played for the Arkansas Razorbacks for the final two seasons of his eligibility. Hannahs led the SEC with 81 three pointers made and a.433 three point percentage in his first season with the Razorbacks. He was on the Jerry West Award watchlist going into his senior season. Hannahs was named second team All-SEC and led the SEC with a 90.8 free throw percentage in his final season at Arkansas.He scored 1,047 points for the Razorbacks, becoming the fifth Arkansas player to score 1,000 points in two seasons, and finished ninth in school history with 155 three pointers made. <mask> originally intended to play overseas for AZS Koszalin of the Polish Basketball League but decided to sign with the Memphis Hustle of the NBA G League. In his first professional season, Hannahs appeared mostly as the Hustle's sixth man and averaged 9.2 points per game while shooting 44.1 percent on three point shots and 90.5 percent from the free throw line. He was the only player from the previous year's team on the roster for the second season. He was the Hustle's primary option off the bench and led the G League with a 92.6 free throw percentage. Hannahs attended the G-League Elite Camp with other top G League players and college prospects. The Memphis Grizzlies signed Hannahs to a 10-day contract.<mask> made his NBA debut in a 113-96 loss to the Los Angeles Clippers, scoring four points on 2-of-7 shooting with four assists and one rebound in 13 minutes of play. He scored eight points with a rebound and five assists in two games, but was not retained by the Grizzlies. <mask> was named to the Memphis roster for the NBA Summer League. <mask> was named to the NBA G League Elite Team for the G League International Challenge. He averaged 14 points per game in the tournament, including a 21-point performance off the bench as the G League Elite fell in the final to the EuroLeague. <mask> was re-signed by the Grizzlies on October 14, but was released the next day. <mask> returned to the Memphis Hustle for a third season.<mask> was named the G League Player of the Week on December 2nd after scoring 28 points against the Oklahoma City Blue and 32 points against the Maine Red Claws. He had 30 points, six rebound, two assists, and one steal in a 128-113 victory over the Rio Grande Valley Vipers on January 1, 2020. Hannahs was named to the All-NBA G League. Hannahs was named to the All-NBA G League third team. <mask> was signed to a second 10-day contract on February 21, 2020. The Memphis Grizzlies nixed Hannahs on February 27, 2020. Hannahs signed with the Greek Basket League on November 27, 2020.Hannahs parted ways with the Greek club due to family matters overseas. On January 11, 2021, the Memphis Hustle announced that they had acquired the returning right to David Stockton from the South Bay Lakers in exchange for the returning right to Hannahs. The South Bay Lakers traded this returning right to the Santa Cruz Warriors for a first round pick in the NBA G League draft. Hannahs was added to the Santa Cruz Warriors roster the next day. Hannahs signed with the 36ers for the NBL season in 2021. Hannahs is the son of a former baseball pitcher. Hannahs was nicknamed "<mask>" by his father.Sports people from Little Rock, Arkansas, and Texas Tech Red Raiders basketball players are Undrafted National Basketball Association players. | [
"Dusty",
"Hannahs III",
"Hannahs",
"Hannahs",
"Hannahs",
"Hannahs",
"Hannahs",
"Hannahs",
"Hannahs",
"Hannahs",
"Hannahs",
"Hannahs",
"Dusty"
] |
8354839 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durs%20Gr%C3%BCnbein | Durs Grünbein | Durs Grünbein (born 1962) is a German poet and essayist.
Life and career
Durs Grünbein was born in Dresden. He studied Theater Studies in Berlin, where he has been living and working as a freelance writer since 1985.
Since 1989, he has traveled widely in Europe, South-West Asia, and North America, and sojourned in various places, including Amsterdam, Paris, London, Vienna, Toronto, Los Angeles, New York City, and St. Louis. He lives in Berlin and, since 2013, in Rome.
His production comprises numerous collections of poetry and prose—essays, short narrative-reflexive prose, aphorisms, fragments, diary annotations and philosophical meditations—as well as three librettos for opera. He has translated classic texts from Aeschylus and Seneca, and a variety of authors, including John Ashbery, Samuel Beckett, Wallace Stevens, Henri Michaux, and Tomas Venclova.
His works have been translated into many languages, including Russian, Italian, English, French Spanish, Swedish and Japanese. His book Ashes for breakfast: Selected poems, translated by Michael Hoffmann, was shortlisted for the Griffin Poetry Prize in 2006.
Grünbein was awarded numerous national and international awards, including the Georg Büchner Prize (Germany's most prestigious literary recognition, which he received in 1995, aged thirty-three), the Friedrich Nietzsche Prize, the Friedrich Hölderlin Prize, the Berlin Literature Prize, the Premio Internazionale di Poesia Pier Paolo Pasolini and the Tranströmer Prize.
Grünbein holds the Chair of Poetik und künstlerische Ästhetik (Poetics and Artistic Aesthetics) at the Kunstakademie of Düsseldorf. In 2009, he was awarded the Order Pour le Mérite for Sciences and Arts as well as the Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany. He is a member of various Academies of Arts and Sciences, including the Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung, the Academy of Arts, Berlin, and the Sächsische Akademie der Künste, Dresden.
In 1997, he was a Fellow at the Villa Aurora in Los Angeles. In 2005, he held the position of Max Kade Distinguished Visiting Professor at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire, US. Since 2006, Grünbein is a visiting professor at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf and at the European Graduate School in Saas-Fee, Switzerland. In 2009, he was a poet in residence at the Villa Massimo in Rome.
He has been a regular contributor to Frau und Hund – Zeitschrift für kursives Denken, edited by the academy's rector, the painter Markus Lüpertz.
Grünbein's third opera, Die Weiden, had its premiere on 8 December 2018 at Wiener Staatsoper, which commissioned the opera from Austrian composer Johannes Maria Staud and Grünbein. Following Berenice in 2004 for the Munich Biennale and Die Antilope in 2014 for Lucerne Festival, Die Weiden is the third opera Grünbein has written in collaboration with Staud. Staud and Grünbein were booed at the premiere.
Critical reception
Since the publication of his first collection of poems in 1988, Durs Grünbein has emerged as "Germany's most prolific, versatile, successful and internationally renowned contemporary poet and essayist", a "poet of world significance" and one of "the key figures shaping the contemporary scene", alongside, for instance, Ulrike Draesner, Raul Schrott, and Marcel Beyer.
Conceiving poetry as a means of memorial, historical, and aesthetic exploration, Grünbein arguably, draws not only on his biography, but on a deep sense of history and far-ranging erudition to produce sardonic poems and essays, bristling with unusual perceptions and inventive expressions".
Whereas the intersection of literature and science, aesthetics and evolution, as well as the poetic elaboration of the existential experience in the GDR were the main focus of the critically acclaimed first collections of poetry, Grauzone morgens (1988), Schädelbasislektion (1991), Falten und Fallen (1994), since the middle 1990s, and especially since the collection Nach den Satiren (1999), classical antiquity figures prominently in Grünbein's poems and essays.
"As in his poetry, in his essays, too", observes Michael Eskin, "Grünbein succeeds in artfully interweaving autobiography and memoir with a host of broader concerns ranging from questions of history, science, and medicine, to question of ethics, aesthetics, and politics, with special attention to the continued relevance of the past – Greek and roman antiquity in particular – in and to the contemporary world, as well as the inevitable interpretive malleability of the past in the light of our ever-evolving present".
The poet's dialogue with the ancient legacy is more complex even than his own reflection suggests and most scholars assume. Besides interviewing past and present, some poems also engage with the gap between the past and its poetic figuration.
Grünbein's works on Descartes' philosophy and its significance for the poetic subjectivity have been praised by prominent critics and thinkers for their depth and remarkable style, "one capable of conducting powerful and original thought with no loss of lyric intensity", notices Don Paterson.
George Steiner's opus magnum The Poetry of Thought (2011) is dedicated to "Durs Grünbein, poet and Cartesian".
Honors
1992: Bremer Literaturförderpreis
1992: Marburger Literaturpreis
1993:
1995: Peter-Huchel-Preis
1995: Georg Büchner Prize
2001: Spycher: Literaturpreis Leuk
2004: Friedrich Nietzsche Prize
2005: Friedrich-Hölderlin-Preis der Stadt Bad Homburg
2006: Berliner Literaturpreis
2006: Premio Internazionale Pier Paolo Pasolini Roma
2008: Pour le Mérite für Wissenschaft und Künste
2009/2010: Frankfurter Poetik-Dozentur
2009: Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
2009: Samuel-Bogumil-Linde-Preis
2009: Stipendium der Deutschen Akademie Rom Villa Massimo
2012: Tomas-Tranströmer-Preis der schwedischen Stadt Västerås
2019: Premio Internazionale di Poesia – Centro di Poesia Contemporanea dell'Università di Bologna
2020: Zbigniew Herbert International Literary Award
Work
Poetry
Grauzone morgens (1988),
Schädelbasislektion (1991),
Falten und Fallen (1994),
Den teuren Toten (1994),
Nach den Satiren (1999),
Erklärte Nacht (2002),
Vom Schnee oder Descartes in Deutschland (2003),
An Seneca. Postskriptum. Die Kürze des Lebens (2004)
Der Misanthrop auf Capri (2005),
Porzellan. Poem vom Untergang meiner Stadt (2005),
Strophen für Übermorgen (2007),
Liebesgedichte (2008)
Lob des Taifuns. Reisetagebücher in Haikus (2008)
Der cartesische Taucher. Drei Meditationen. Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2008, .
Libellen in Liberia. Gedichte und Berichte (2010)
Aroma (2010),
Koloss im Nebel (2012 ),
Cyrano oder Die Rückkehr vom Mond. Suhrkamp Verlag, Berlin 2014,
Die Jahre im Zoo. Ein Kaleidoskop. Suhrkamp Verlag, Berlin 2015,
Zündkerzen. Gedichte. Suhrkamp Verlag, Berlin 2017,
Oper. Libretti. Suhrkamp Verlag, Berlin 2018
Contributor to A New Divan: A Lyrical Dialogue Between East and West
Il bosco bianco. Mimesis, Sesto San Giovanni 2020,
Prose
Galilei vermisst Dantes Hölle und bleibt an den Maßen hängen. Aufsätze 1989–1995 (1996),
Das erste Jahr. Berliner Aufzeichnungen (2001),
Warum schriftlos leben. Aufsätze (2003),
Antike Dispositionen (2005)
Die Bars von Atlantis. Eine Erkundigung in vierzehn Tauchgängen (2009),
Books in English translation
Ashes for Breakfast: Selected Poems, (translated in 2005 by Michael Hofmann) (shortlisted for the 2006 International Griffin Poetry Prize)
Descartes' Devil: Three Meditations (translated by Anthea Bell; published by Upper West Side Philosophers, Inc., New York, 2010)
The Bars of Atlantis: Selected Essays. (edited and with an introduction by Michael Eskin; published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York, 2010)
The Vocation of Poetry (translated by Michael Eskin; published by Upper West Side Philosophers, Inc., New York, 2011)
Mortal Diamond: Poems (translated by Michael Eskin; published by Upper West Side Philosophers, Inc., New York, 2013)
Porcelain: Poem on the Downfall of my City (translated by Karen Leeder; published by Seagull Books, Calcutta, New York, London, 2020)
Further reading
Michael Eskin: Poetic Affairs: Celan, Grünbein, Brodsky. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2008.
Michael Eskin/Karen Leeder/Christopher Young (eds.): Durs Grünbein. A Companion. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter 2013.
Kai Bremer/ Fabian Lampart, Jörg Wesche, (eds.): Schreiben am Schnittpunkt. Poesie und Wissen bei Durs Grünbein. Freiburg: Rombach 2007
Sonja Klein: "Denn alles, alles ist verlorne Zeit". Fragment und Erinnerung im Werk von Durs Grünbein. Bielefeld: Aiesthesis 2008
Hinrich Ahrend: "Tanz zwischen sämtlichen Stühlen". Poetik und Dichtung im lyrischen und essayistischen Werk Durs Grünbeins. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann 2010
See also
Wolfgang Weyrauch Prize
References
External links
Griffin Poetry Prize shortlist 2006 Biography, including audio and video clips
Profile on Germany – Poetry International Web site
Durs Grünbein at the complete review
Why Live Without Writing: Unpopular answers to poetry questions Essay, February 2010 at the Poetry Foundation website
The Doctrine of Photography by Durs Grünbein Doctrine of Photography, translated by Karen Leeder 2017 at the Poetry Foundation website
1962 births
Living people
20th-century German poets
Dartmouth College faculty
Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class) | [
"Durs Grünbein (born 1962) is a German poet and essayist.",
"Life and career\nDurs Grünbein was born in Dresden.",
"He studied Theater Studies in Berlin, where he has been living and working as a freelance writer since 1985.",
"Since 1989, he has traveled widely in Europe, South-West Asia, and North America, and sojourned in various places, including Amsterdam, Paris, London, Vienna, Toronto, Los Angeles, New York City, and St. Louis.",
"He lives in Berlin and, since 2013, in Rome.",
"His production comprises numerous collections of poetry and prose—essays, short narrative-reflexive prose, aphorisms, fragments, diary annotations and philosophical meditations—as well as three librettos for opera.",
"He has translated classic texts from Aeschylus and Seneca, and a variety of authors, including John Ashbery, Samuel Beckett, Wallace Stevens, Henri Michaux, and Tomas Venclova.",
"His works have been translated into many languages, including Russian, Italian, English, French Spanish, Swedish and Japanese.",
"His book Ashes for breakfast: Selected poems, translated by Michael Hoffmann, was shortlisted for the Griffin Poetry Prize in 2006.",
"Grünbein was awarded numerous national and international awards, including the Georg Büchner Prize (Germany's most prestigious literary recognition, which he received in 1995, aged thirty-three), the Friedrich Nietzsche Prize, the Friedrich Hölderlin Prize, the Berlin Literature Prize, the Premio Internazionale di Poesia Pier Paolo Pasolini and the Tranströmer Prize.",
"Grünbein holds the Chair of Poetik und künstlerische Ästhetik (Poetics and Artistic Aesthetics) at the Kunstakademie of Düsseldorf.",
"In 2009, he was awarded the Order Pour le Mérite for Sciences and Arts as well as the Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany.",
"He is a member of various Academies of Arts and Sciences, including the Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung, the Academy of Arts, Berlin, and the Sächsische Akademie der Künste, Dresden.",
"In 1997, he was a Fellow at the Villa Aurora in Los Angeles.",
"In 2005, he held the position of Max Kade Distinguished Visiting Professor at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire, US.",
"Since 2006, Grünbein is a visiting professor at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf and at the European Graduate School in Saas-Fee, Switzerland.",
"In 2009, he was a poet in residence at the Villa Massimo in Rome.",
"He has been a regular contributor to Frau und Hund – Zeitschrift für kursives Denken, edited by the academy's rector, the painter Markus Lüpertz.",
"Grünbein's third opera, Die Weiden, had its premiere on 8 December 2018 at Wiener Staatsoper, which commissioned the opera from Austrian composer Johannes Maria Staud and Grünbein.",
"Following Berenice in 2004 for the Munich Biennale and Die Antilope in 2014 for Lucerne Festival, Die Weiden is the third opera Grünbein has written in collaboration with Staud.",
"Staud and Grünbein were booed at the premiere.",
"Critical reception\nSince the publication of his first collection of poems in 1988, Durs Grünbein has emerged as \"Germany's most prolific, versatile, successful and internationally renowned contemporary poet and essayist\", a \"poet of world significance\" and one of \"the key figures shaping the contemporary scene\", alongside, for instance, Ulrike Draesner, Raul Schrott, and Marcel Beyer.",
"Conceiving poetry as a means of memorial, historical, and aesthetic exploration, Grünbein arguably, draws not only on his biography, but on a deep sense of history and far-ranging erudition to produce sardonic poems and essays, bristling with unusual perceptions and inventive expressions\".",
"Whereas the intersection of literature and science, aesthetics and evolution, as well as the poetic elaboration of the existential experience in the GDR were the main focus of the critically acclaimed first collections of poetry, Grauzone morgens (1988), Schädelbasislektion (1991), Falten und Fallen (1994), since the middle 1990s, and especially since the collection Nach den Satiren (1999), classical antiquity figures prominently in Grünbein's poems and essays.",
"\"As in his poetry, in his essays, too\", observes Michael Eskin, \"Grünbein succeeds in artfully interweaving autobiography and memoir with a host of broader concerns ranging from questions of history, science, and medicine, to question of ethics, aesthetics, and politics, with special attention to the continued relevance of the past – Greek and roman antiquity in particular – in and to the contemporary world, as well as the inevitable interpretive malleability of the past in the light of our ever-evolving present\".",
"The poet's dialogue with the ancient legacy is more complex even than his own reflection suggests and most scholars assume.",
"Besides interviewing past and present, some poems also engage with the gap between the past and its poetic figuration.",
"Grünbein's works on Descartes' philosophy and its significance for the poetic subjectivity have been praised by prominent critics and thinkers for their depth and remarkable style, \"one capable of conducting powerful and original thought with no loss of lyric intensity\", notices Don Paterson.",
"George Steiner's opus magnum The Poetry of Thought (2011) is dedicated to \"Durs Grünbein, poet and Cartesian\".",
"Postskriptum.",
"Die Kürze des Lebens (2004)\n Der Misanthrop auf Capri (2005), \n Porzellan.",
"Poem vom Untergang meiner Stadt (2005), \nStrophen für Übermorgen (2007), \nLiebesgedichte (2008)\nLob des Taifuns.",
"Reisetagebücher in Haikus (2008)\nDer cartesische Taucher.",
"Drei Meditationen.",
"Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2008, .",
"Libellen in Liberia.",
"Gedichte und Berichte (2010)\n Aroma (2010), \n Koloss im Nebel (2012 ), \nCyrano oder Die Rückkehr vom Mond.",
"Suhrkamp Verlag, Berlin 2014, \nDie Jahre im Zoo.",
"Ein Kaleidoskop.",
"Suhrkamp Verlag, Berlin 2015, \nZündkerzen.",
"Gedichte.",
"Suhrkamp Verlag, Berlin 2017, \nOper.",
"Libretti.",
"Suhrkamp Verlag, Berlin 2018\nContributor to A New Divan: A Lyrical Dialogue Between East and West \nIl bosco bianco.",
"Mimesis, Sesto San Giovanni 2020,\n\nProse\n Galilei vermisst Dantes Hölle und bleibt an den Maßen hängen.",
"Aufsätze 1989–1995 (1996), \n Das erste Jahr.",
"Berliner Aufzeichnungen (2001), \n Warum schriftlos leben.",
"Aufsätze (2003), \n Antike Dispositionen (2005)\n Die Bars von Atlantis.",
"Eine Erkundigung in vierzehn Tauchgängen (2009),\n\nBooks in English translation\n Ashes for Breakfast: Selected Poems, (translated in 2005 by Michael Hofmann) (shortlisted for the 2006 International Griffin Poetry Prize)\n Descartes' Devil: Three Meditations (translated by Anthea Bell; published by Upper West Side Philosophers, Inc., New York, 2010)\n The Bars of Atlantis: Selected Essays.",
"(edited and with an introduction by Michael Eskin; published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York, 2010)\n The Vocation of Poetry (translated by Michael Eskin; published by Upper West Side Philosophers, Inc., New York, 2011)\n Mortal Diamond: Poems (translated by Michael Eskin; published by Upper West Side Philosophers, Inc., New York, 2013)\n Porcelain: Poem on the Downfall of my City (translated by Karen Leeder; published by Seagull Books, Calcutta, New York, London, 2020)\n\nFurther reading\n\n Michael Eskin: Poetic Affairs: Celan, Grünbein, Brodsky.",
"Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2008.",
"Michael Eskin/Karen Leeder/Christopher Young (eds.",
"): Durs Grünbein.",
"A Companion.",
"Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter 2013.",
"Kai Bremer/ Fabian Lampart, Jörg Wesche, (eds.",
"): Schreiben am Schnittpunkt.",
"Poesie und Wissen bei Durs Grünbein.",
"Freiburg: Rombach 2007\nSonja Klein: \"Denn alles, alles ist verlorne Zeit\".",
"Fragment und Erinnerung im Werk von Durs Grünbein.",
"Bielefeld: Aiesthesis 2008\nHinrich Ahrend: \"Tanz zwischen sämtlichen Stühlen\".",
"Poetik und Dichtung im lyrischen und essayistischen Werk Durs Grünbeins.",
"Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann 2010\n\nSee also\n Wolfgang Weyrauch Prize\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Griffin Poetry Prize shortlist 2006 Biography, including audio and video clips\n Profile on Germany – Poetry International Web site\n Durs Grünbein at the complete review\n Why Live Without Writing: Unpopular answers to poetry questions Essay, February 2010 at the Poetry Foundation website\n The Doctrine of Photography by Durs Grünbein Doctrine of Photography, translated by Karen Leeder 2017 at the Poetry Foundation website\n\n1962 births\nLiving people\n20th-century German poets\nDartmouth College faculty\nKnights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany\nRecipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)"
] | [
"Durs Grnbein is a German poet.",
"Durs Grnbein was born in Dresden.",
"He has been a writer since 1985 and studied Theater Studies in Berlin.",
"He has traveled to many places in Europe, South-West Asia, and North America, including Amsterdam, Paris, London, Vienna, Toronto, Los Angeles, New York City, and St. Louis.",
"He lives in Berlin and Rome.",
"His production includes numerous collections of poetry and prose, as well as three operas.",
"John Ashbery, Samuel Beckett, Wallace Stevens, Henri Michaux, and Tomas Venclova are some of the authors he has translated.",
"Russian, Italian, English, French Spanish, Swedish and Japanese are some of the languages his works have been translated into.",
"His book, \"Ashes for breakfast: Selected poems\", was nominated for a poetry prize.",
"In 1995 he received the Friedrich Hlderlin Prize, which was Germany's most prestigious literary recognition at the age of thirty-three.",
"The Chair of Poetik und knstlerische sthetik is held by Grnbein.",
"He was awarded the Order Pour le Mérite for Sciences and Arts in 2009, as well as the Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany.",
"He is a member of several Academies of Arts and Sciences, including the Academy of Arts, Berlin.",
"He was a fellow at the Villa Aurora in 1997.",
"He held the position of Max Kade Visiting Professor at the college.",
"Grnbein is a visiting professor at the European Graduate School in Saas-Fee, Switzerland.",
"He was a poet in residence in Rome in 2009.",
"He is a regular contributor to the magazine, which is edited by the painter Lpertz.",
"The opera was commissioned by Johannes Maria Staud and Grnbein and had its premiere in December.",
"Die Weiden is the third opera written in collaboration with Staud.",
"They were booed at the premiere.",
"Since the publication of his first collection of poems in 1988, he has emerged as \"Germany's most prolific, versatile, successful and internationally renowned contemporary poet and essayist\", a \"poet of world significance\" and one of the key figures shaping the contemporary scene.",
"Conceiving poetry as a means of memorial, historical, and aesthetic exploration, Grnbein arguably, draws not only on his biography, but on a deep sense of history and far-ranging erudition to produce sardonic poems and essays, bristling with unusual",
"The first collections of poetry, Grauzone morgens (1988), Schdelbasislektion (1991), Falten und Fallen (1994), were the main focus of the critically acclaimed first collections of poetry.",
"\"As in his poetry, in his essays, too\", observes Michael Eskin, \"Grnbein succeeds in artfully interwoven autobiography and memoir with a host of broader concerns ranging from questions of history, science, and medicine, to question of ethics, Aesthetics, and politics, with",
"The dialogue between the poet and the ancient legacy is more complex than most scholars think.",
"Some poems engage with the gap between the past and its poetic figuration, as well as interviewing past and present.",
"The works on Descartes' philosophy and its significance for the poetic subjectivity have been praised by prominent critics and thinkers for their depth and remarkable style.",
"The poetry of thought is dedicated to Durs Grnbein.",
"There are postskriptum.",
"Die Krze des Lebens was written in 2004.",
"The poem was titled \"Trophen fr bermorgen\" and was written in 2005.",
"There is a poem in haikus.",
"There is meditation.",
"Suhrkamp Verlag is located in Frankfurt am Main.",
"There is a person in a country.",
"Gedichte und Berichte, Cyrano, and Die Rckkehr are related.",
"Die Jahre im Zoo was published by Suhrkamp Verlag.",
"The name is Ein Kaleidoskop.",
"Berlin 2015, Zndkerzen, Suhrkamp Verlag.",
"Gedichte.",
"The Suhrkamp Verlag is in Berlin.",
"There is a person named Libretti.",
"A New Divan is a dialogue between East and West.",
"Mimesis, Sesto San Giovanni 2020, Prose Galilei vermisst Dantes Hlle und bleibt an den Maen hngen.",
"The erste Jahr was in 1989–1995.",
"Warum schriftlos leben was published in 2001.",
"Die Bars von Atlantis are from Antike Dispositionen.",
"\"Eine Erkundigung in vierzehn Tauchgngen\" is a book that was published in 2009.",
"The Vocation of Poetry was edited and published with an introduction by Michael Eskin.",
"The book is from the University Press of California.",
"The authors are Michael Eskin, Karen Leeder, and Christopher Young.",
"Durs Grnbein.",
"A friend.",
"In Berlin and Boston, there is a book called De Gruyter.",
"Jrg Wesche and Kai Bremer are the authors.",
"Schreiben am Schnittpunkt.",
"Durs Grnbein bei Poesie und Wissen.",
"\"Denn alles, alles ist verlorne Zeit\".",
"The fragment is in the Werk von Durs Grnbein.",
"The Aiesthesis 2008 is titled \"Tanz smtlichen Sthlen\".",
"Durs Grnbeins is a lyrischen und essayistischen work.",
"Wrzburg: Knigshausen & Neumann 2010 See also Wolfgang Weyrauch Prize References."
] | <mask>n (born 1962) is a German poet and essayist. Life and career
<mask>n was born in Dresden. He studied Theater Studies in Berlin, where he has been living and working as a freelance writer since 1985. Since 1989, he has traveled widely in Europe, South-West Asia, and North America, and sojourned in various places, including Amsterdam, Paris, London, Vienna, Toronto, Los Angeles, New York City, and St. Louis. He lives in Berlin and, since 2013, in Rome. His production comprises numerous collections of poetry and prose—essays, short narrative-reflexive prose, aphorisms, fragments, diary annotations and philosophical meditations—as well as three librettos for opera. He has translated classic texts from Aeschylus and Seneca, and a variety of authors, including John Ashbery, Samuel Beckett, Wallace Stevens, Henri Michaux, and Tomas Venclova.His works have been translated into many languages, including Russian, Italian, English, French Spanish, Swedish and Japanese. His book Ashes for breakfast: Selected poems, translated by Michael Hoffmann, was shortlisted for the Griffin Poetry Prize in 2006. Grünbein was awarded numerous national and international awards, including the Georg Büchner Prize (Germany's most prestigious literary recognition, which he received in 1995, aged thirty-three), the Friedrich Nietzsche Prize, the Friedrich Hölderlin Prize, the Berlin Literature Prize, the Premio Internazionale di Poesia Pier Paolo Pasolini and the Tranströmer Prize. Grünbein holds the Chair of Poetik und künstlerische Ästhetik (Poetics and Artistic Aesthetics) at the Kunstakademie of Düsseldorf. In 2009, he was awarded the Order Pour le Mérite for Sciences and Arts as well as the Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany. He is a member of various Academies of Arts and Sciences, including the Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung, the Academy of Arts, Berlin, and the Sächsische Akademie der Künste, Dresden. In 1997, he was a Fellow at the Villa Aurora in Los Angeles.In 2005, he held the position of Max Kade Distinguished Visiting Professor at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire, US. Since 2006, Grünbein is a visiting professor at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf and at the European Graduate School in Saas-Fee, Switzerland. In 2009, he was a poet in residence at the Villa Massimo in Rome. He has been a regular contributor to Frau und Hund – Zeitschrift für kursives Denken, edited by the academy's rector, the painter Markus Lüpertz. Grünbein's third opera, Die Weiden, had its premiere on 8 December 2018 at Wiener Staatsoper, which commissioned the opera from Austrian composer Johannes Maria Staud and Grünbein. Following Berenice in 2004 for the Munich Biennale and Die Antilope in 2014 for Lucerne Festival, Die Weiden is the third opera Grünbein has written in collaboration with Staud. Staud and Grünbein were booed at the premiere.Critical reception
Since the publication of his first collection of poems in 1988, <mask> Grünbein has emerged as "Germany's most prolific, versatile, successful and internationally renowned contemporary poet and essayist", a "poet of world significance" and one of "the key figures shaping the contemporary scene", alongside, for instance, Ulrike Draesner, Raul Schrott, and Marcel Beyer. Conceiving poetry as a means of memorial, historical, and aesthetic exploration, Grünbein arguably, draws not only on his biography, but on a deep sense of history and far-ranging erudition to produce sardonic poems and essays, bristling with unusual perceptions and inventive expressions". Whereas the intersection of literature and science, aesthetics and evolution, as well as the poetic elaboration of the existential experience in the GDR were the main focus of the critically acclaimed first collections of poetry, Grauzone morgens (1988), Schädelbasislektion (1991), Falten und Fallen (1994), since the middle 1990s, and especially since the collection Nach den Satiren (1999), classical antiquity figures prominently in Grünbein's poems and essays. "As in his poetry, in his essays, too", observes Michael Eskin, "Grünbein succeeds in artfully interweaving autobiography and memoir with a host of broader concerns ranging from questions of history, science, and medicine, to question of ethics, aesthetics, and politics, with special attention to the continued relevance of the past – Greek and roman antiquity in particular – in and to the contemporary world, as well as the inevitable interpretive malleability of the past in the light of our ever-evolving present". The poet's dialogue with the ancient legacy is more complex even than his own reflection suggests and most scholars assume. Besides interviewing past and present, some poems also engage with the gap between the past and its poetic figuration. Grünbein's works on Descartes' philosophy and its significance for the poetic subjectivity have been praised by prominent critics and thinkers for their depth and remarkable style, "one capable of conducting powerful and original thought with no loss of lyric intensity", notices Don Paterson.George Steiner's opus magnum The Poetry of Thought (2011) is dedicated to "<mask> Grünbein, poet and Cartesian". Postskriptum. Die Kürze des Lebens (2004)
Der Misanthrop auf Capri (2005),
Porzellan. Poem vom Untergang meiner Stadt (2005),
Strophen für Übermorgen (2007),
Liebesgedichte (2008)
Lob des Taifuns. Reisetagebücher in Haikus (2008)
Der cartesische Taucher. Drei Meditationen. Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2008, .Libellen in Liberia. Gedichte und Berichte (2010)
Aroma (2010),
Koloss im Nebel (2012 ),
Cyrano oder Die Rückkehr vom Mond. Suhrkamp Verlag, Berlin 2014,
Die Jahre im Zoo. Ein Kaleidoskop. Suhrkamp Verlag, Berlin 2015,
Zündkerzen. Gedichte. Suhrkamp Verlag, Berlin 2017,
Oper.Libretti. Suhrkamp Verlag, Berlin 2018
Contributor to A New Divan: A Lyrical Dialogue Between East and West
Il bosco bianco. Mimesis, Sesto San Giovanni 2020,
Prose
Galilei vermisst Dantes Hölle und bleibt an den Maßen hängen. Aufsätze 1989–1995 (1996),
Das erste Jahr. Berliner Aufzeichnungen (2001),
Warum schriftlos leben. Aufsätze (2003),
Antike Dispositionen (2005)
Die Bars von Atlantis. Eine Erkundigung in vierzehn Tauchgängen (2009),
Books in English translation
Ashes for Breakfast: Selected Poems, (translated in 2005 by Michael Hofmann) (shortlisted for the 2006 International Griffin Poetry Prize)
Descartes' Devil: Three Meditations (translated by Anthea Bell; published by Upper West Side Philosophers, Inc., New York, 2010)
The Bars of Atlantis: Selected Essays.(edited and with an introduction by Michael Eskin; published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York, 2010)
The Vocation of Poetry (translated by Michael Eskin; published by Upper West Side Philosophers, Inc., New York, 2011)
Mortal Diamond: Poems (translated by Michael Eskin; published by Upper West Side Philosophers, Inc., New York, 2013)
Porcelain: Poem on the Downfall of my City (translated by Karen Leeder; published by Seagull Books, Calcutta, New York, London, 2020)
Further reading
Michael Eskin: Poetic Affairs: Celan, Grünbein, Brodsky. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2008. Michael Eskin/Karen Leeder/Christopher Young (eds. ): <mask> Grünbein. A Companion. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter 2013. Kai Bremer/ Fabian Lampart, Jörg Wesche, (eds.): Schreiben am Schnittpunkt. Poesie und Wissen bei Durs Grünbein. Freiburg: Rombach 2007
Sonja Klein: "Denn alles, alles ist verlorne Zeit". Fragment und Erinnerung im Werk von Durs Grünbein. Bielefeld: Aiesthesis 2008
Hinrich Ahrend: "Tanz zwischen sämtlichen Stühlen". Poetik und Dichtung im lyrischen und essayistischen Werk Durs Grünbeins. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann 2010
See also
Wolfgang Weyrauch Prize
References
External links
Griffin Poetry Prize shortlist 2006 Biography, including audio and video clips
Profile on Germany – Poetry International Web site
<mask> Grünbein at the complete review
Why Live Without Writing: Unpopular answers to poetry questions Essay, February 2010 at the Poetry Foundation website
The Doctrine of Photography by <mask> Grünbein Doctrine of Photography, translated by Karen Leeder 2017 at the Poetry Foundation website
1962 births
Living people
20th-century German poets
Dartmouth College faculty
Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class) | [
"Durs Grünbei",
"Durs Grübei",
"Durs",
"Durs",
"Durs",
"Durs",
"Durs"
] | <mask> is a German poet. <mask>n was born in Dresden. He has been a writer since 1985 and studied Theater Studies in Berlin. He has traveled to many places in Europe, South-West Asia, and North America, including Amsterdam, Paris, London, Vienna, Toronto, Los Angeles, New York City, and St. Louis. He lives in Berlin and Rome. His production includes numerous collections of poetry and prose, as well as three operas. John Ashbery, Samuel Beckett, Wallace Stevens, Henri Michaux, and Tomas Venclova are some of the authors he has translated.Russian, Italian, English, French Spanish, Swedish and Japanese are some of the languages his works have been translated into. His book, "Ashes for breakfast: Selected poems", was nominated for a poetry prize. In 1995 he received the Friedrich Hlderlin Prize, which was Germany's most prestigious literary recognition at the age of thirty-three. The Chair of Poetik und knstlerische sthetik is held by Grnbein. He was awarded the Order Pour le Mérite for Sciences and Arts in 2009, as well as the Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany. He is a member of several Academies of Arts and Sciences, including the Academy of Arts, Berlin. He was a fellow at the Villa Aurora in 1997.He held the position of Max Kade Visiting Professor at the college. Grnbein is a visiting professor at the European Graduate School in Saas-Fee, Switzerland. He was a poet in residence in Rome in 2009. He is a regular contributor to the magazine, which is edited by the painter Lpertz. The opera was commissioned by Johannes Maria Staud and Grnbein and had its premiere in December. Die Weiden is the third opera written in collaboration with Staud. They were booed at the premiere.Since the publication of his first collection of poems in 1988, he has emerged as "Germany's most prolific, versatile, successful and internationally renowned contemporary poet and essayist", a "poet of world significance" and one of the key figures shaping the contemporary scene. Conceiving poetry as a means of memorial, historical, and aesthetic exploration, Grnbein arguably, draws not only on his biography, but on a deep sense of history and far-ranging erudition to produce sardonic poems and essays, bristling with unusual The first collections of poetry, Grauzone morgens (1988), Schdelbasislektion (1991), Falten und Fallen (1994), were the main focus of the critically acclaimed first collections of poetry. "As in his poetry, in his essays, too", observes Michael Eskin, "Grnbein succeeds in artfully interwoven autobiography and memoir with a host of broader concerns ranging from questions of history, science, and medicine, to question of ethics, Aesthetics, and politics, with The dialogue between the poet and the ancient legacy is more complex than most scholars think. Some poems engage with the gap between the past and its poetic figuration, as well as interviewing past and present. The works on Descartes' philosophy and its significance for the poetic subjectivity have been praised by prominent critics and thinkers for their depth and remarkable style.The poetry of thought is dedicated to <mask> Grnbein. There are postskriptum. Die Krze des Lebens was written in 2004. The poem was titled "Trophen fr bermorgen" and was written in 2005. There is a poem in haikus. There is meditation. Suhrkamp Verlag is located in Frankfurt am Main.There is a person in a country. Gedichte und Berichte, Cyrano, and Die Rckkehr are related. Die Jahre im Zoo was published by Suhrkamp Verlag. The name is Ein Kaleidoskop. Berlin 2015, Zndkerzen, Suhrkamp Verlag. Gedichte. The Suhrkamp Verlag is in Berlin.There is a person named Libretti. A New Divan is a dialogue between East and West. Mimesis, Sesto San Giovanni 2020, Prose Galilei vermisst Dantes Hlle und bleibt an den Maen hngen. The erste Jahr was in 1989–1995. Warum schriftlos leben was published in 2001. Die Bars von Atlantis are from Antike Dispositionen. "Eine Erkundigung in vierzehn Tauchgngen" is a book that was published in 2009.The Vocation of Poetry was edited and published with an introduction by Michael Eskin. The book is from the University Press of California. The authors are Michael Eskin, Karen Leeder, and Christopher Young. <mask> Grnbein. A friend. In Berlin and Boston, there is a book called De Gruyter. Jrg Wesche and Kai Bremer are the authors.Schreiben am Schnittpunkt. <mask> Grnbein bei Poesie und Wissen. "Denn alles, alles ist verlorne Zeit". The fragment is in the Werk von <mask> Grnbein. The Aiesthesis 2008 is titled "Tanz smtlichen Sthlen". <mask> Grnbeins is a lyrischen und essayistischen work. Wrzburg: Knigshausen & Neumann 2010 See also Wolfgang Weyrauch Prize References. | [
"Durs Grnbein",
"Durs Grnbei",
"Durs",
"Durs",
"Durs",
"Durs",
"Durs"
] |
66171986 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P.%20S.%20Mahindroo | P. S. Mahindroo | Rear Admiral Pritam Singh 'Peter' Mahindroo, PVSM (1917-1999) was a Flag Officer in the Indian Navy. He was the first Sikh Admiral in the Indian Navy. He was the commissioning Commanding Officer of the Indian Navy's first aircraft carrier . He later served as the Chief of Materiel and as the Director General Naval Dockyard Expansion Scheme before retiring in 1972.
Naval career
Mahindroo was in the seventh batch of Indian cadet-entry officers to join the Indian Mercantile Marine Training Ship Dufferin, in 1933. After graduating from the Dufferin in December 1935, he joined the mercantile marine.
World War II
In September 1939, with the outbreak of the World War II, he joined the Royal Indian Naval Reserve (RINR) as an acting Sub-lieutenant. He was initially denied entry since he refused to cut his hair, but later was accepted as the first turbaned officer in the navy. He first served on the Cornwallis-class sloop HMIS Pansy. After about two years on the sloop, he was transferred to the auxiliary patrol vessel HMIS Sonavati in December 1941. On 4 April 1942, he was made temporary Lieutenant. Mahindroo was then transferred to the Bangor-class minesweeper in December 1942.
On 22 June 1943, the Black Swan-class sloop was commissioned in Woolston, Southampton. The ship was in command of Commander James Wilfred Jefford, who later became the first Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Pakistan Navy. Mahindroo was the navigator and the only Indian among 14 British officers on board. The Godavari was deployed in the UK-Gibraltar route till the end of 1943, after which she was transferred to the East Indies Fleet. In December 1944, he was transferred to HMIS Akbar, the RIN training establishment in Bombay. He served in this appointment until the end of the war. He then led the parade of the Indian Naval contingent at the London Victory Celebrations of 1946.
Post-Independence
In 1949, India acquired three destroyers from the UK - , and which were being renamed to , and . Mahindroo was appointed Executive Officer of the Rajput. In 1955, Mahindroo was promoted to the acting rank of Captain and appointed Chief Instructor at the Defence Services Staff College (DSSC), Wellington. The Naval wing at DSSC was established in 1949-50 and Mahindroo was the first Indian chief instructor. On 2 July 1956, he was promoted substantive Captain. After a stint of about three years at DSSC, he was appointed Commanding officer of the navy's flagship - the . He took over from Captain Benjamin Abraham Samson. The Flag Officer Commanding Indian Fleet Rear Admiral Ram Dass Katari flew his flag on the Delhi. In June 1957, the Indian fleet called on ports in Africa with Mahindroo as the flag captain. After the Africa visit, the fleet sailed for Trincomalee for the annual joint commonwealth exercises with the Royal Navy, Royal Ceylon Navy and the Pakistan Navy. Mahindroo was in command of the Delhi during these exercises as well.
In March 1960, Mahindroo was summoned by the Chief of the Naval Staff (CNS) Vice Admiral Ram Dass Katari and told that he was selected to command the Indian Navy's first aircraft carrier - . In June, he embarked for Belfast where the ship was berthed. He then attended refresher courses at various training establishments and spent a week aboard . The ship was commissioned on 4 March 1961 at 1000 hours by Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit, the High Commissioner of India to the United Kingdom. Mahindroo took the Vikrant from Belfast for Portsmouth in March 1961 and then to Portland for sea trials. Under him, in May, she embarked the Bréguet 1050 Alizés of INAS 310 in Toulon, France and then sailed for Malta for an intensive work-up. In August, Hawker Sea Hawks of INAS 300 also embarked in the English Channel. During the work-up and the trials, Mahindroo received kudos from the Commander-in-Chief Mediterranean Fleet for the carrier's excellent performance. He then brought the carrier home to India, calling on multiple ports on the way like Alexandria, Port Said and Aden, with INS Rajput as escort. Vikrant reached home waters by 3 November, where the two squadrons disembarked and she was welcomed by the flagship and aircraft of the Indian Air Force. The same day, Vikrant was welcomed by the Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru, CNS Vice Admiral Katari and Flag Officer Bombay Rear Admiral S. G. Karmarkar.
In June 1962, Mahindroo led the Vikrant in exercises in the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal and off Malaya. After commanding the carrier for over two years, he relinquished command, handing over to Captain Nilakanta Krishnan in April 1963. He swapped places with Krishnan and was appointed Commanding Officer of the Navy's Engineering College INS Shivaji in Lonavala. After a short stint at Shivaji, in March 1964, Mahindroo was promoted to the rank of Commodore and appointed Commodore Superintendent Naval Dockyard, Mumbai.
Flag rank
In February 1965, Mahindroo was appointed Chief of Materiel (COM) at Naval HQ and took over from Commodore Sourendra Nath Kohli. In August, the appointment was upgraded to flag rank and he was promoted to the rank of Rear Admiral. He served as the COM for about three years. In December 1967, he was appointed Director General Naval Dockyard Expansion Scheme (DG-NDES). He served in this appointment for long tenure of about six years. On 26 January 1972, he was awarded the Param Vishisht Seva Medal for distinguished service of the most exceptional order.
Later life and death
Mahindroo moved to Chandigarh after his retirement and was an avid golfer, playing seven days a week. His son also joined the Navy and had a short stint. On 31 January 1997, INS Vikrant was decommissioned at the Naval Dockyard, Mumbai. The decommissioning ceremony was performed by Mahindroo, the carrier's first captain. He died in the Military Hospital, Chandimandir on 8 October 1999.
See also
INS Vikrant (R11)
Chief of Materiel
References
Bibliography
Indian Navy admirals
Royal Indian Navy officers
1917 births
1999 deaths
Recipients of the Param Vishisht Seva Medal
Chiefs of Materiel (India) | [
"Rear Admiral Pritam Singh 'Peter' Mahindroo, PVSM (1917-1999) was a Flag Officer in the Indian Navy.",
"He was the first Sikh Admiral in the Indian Navy.",
"He was the commissioning Commanding Officer of the Indian Navy's first aircraft carrier .",
"He later served as the Chief of Materiel and as the Director General Naval Dockyard Expansion Scheme before retiring in 1972.",
"Naval career\nMahindroo was in the seventh batch of Indian cadet-entry officers to join the Indian Mercantile Marine Training Ship Dufferin, in 1933.",
"After graduating from the Dufferin in December 1935, he joined the mercantile marine.",
"World War II\nIn September 1939, with the outbreak of the World War II, he joined the Royal Indian Naval Reserve (RINR) as an acting Sub-lieutenant.",
"He was initially denied entry since he refused to cut his hair, but later was accepted as the first turbaned officer in the navy.",
"He first served on the Cornwallis-class sloop HMIS Pansy.",
"After about two years on the sloop, he was transferred to the auxiliary patrol vessel HMIS Sonavati in December 1941.",
"On 4 April 1942, he was made temporary Lieutenant.",
"Mahindroo was then transferred to the Bangor-class minesweeper in December 1942.",
"On 22 June 1943, the Black Swan-class sloop was commissioned in Woolston, Southampton.",
"The ship was in command of Commander James Wilfred Jefford, who later became the first Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Pakistan Navy.",
"Mahindroo was the navigator and the only Indian among 14 British officers on board.",
"The Godavari was deployed in the UK-Gibraltar route till the end of 1943, after which she was transferred to the East Indies Fleet.",
"In December 1944, he was transferred to HMIS Akbar, the RIN training establishment in Bombay.",
"He served in this appointment until the end of the war.",
"He then led the parade of the Indian Naval contingent at the London Victory Celebrations of 1946.",
"Post-Independence\nIn 1949, India acquired three destroyers from the UK - , and which were being renamed to , and .",
"Mahindroo was appointed Executive Officer of the Rajput.",
"In 1955, Mahindroo was promoted to the acting rank of Captain and appointed Chief Instructor at the Defence Services Staff College (DSSC), Wellington.",
"The Naval wing at DSSC was established in 1949-50 and Mahindroo was the first Indian chief instructor.",
"On 2 July 1956, he was promoted substantive Captain.",
"After a stint of about three years at DSSC, he was appointed Commanding officer of the navy's flagship - the .",
"He took over from Captain Benjamin Abraham Samson.",
"The Flag Officer Commanding Indian Fleet Rear Admiral Ram Dass Katari flew his flag on the Delhi.",
"In June 1957, the Indian fleet called on ports in Africa with Mahindroo as the flag captain.",
"After the Africa visit, the fleet sailed for Trincomalee for the annual joint commonwealth exercises with the Royal Navy, Royal Ceylon Navy and the Pakistan Navy.",
"Mahindroo was in command of the Delhi during these exercises as well.",
"In March 1960, Mahindroo was summoned by the Chief of the Naval Staff (CNS) Vice Admiral Ram Dass Katari and told that he was selected to command the Indian Navy's first aircraft carrier - .",
"In June, he embarked for Belfast where the ship was berthed.",
"He then attended refresher courses at various training establishments and spent a week aboard .",
"The ship was commissioned on 4 March 1961 at 1000 hours by Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit, the High Commissioner of India to the United Kingdom.",
"Mahindroo took the Vikrant from Belfast for Portsmouth in March 1961 and then to Portland for sea trials.",
"Under him, in May, she embarked the Bréguet 1050 Alizés of INAS 310 in Toulon, France and then sailed for Malta for an intensive work-up.",
"In August, Hawker Sea Hawks of INAS 300 also embarked in the English Channel.",
"During the work-up and the trials, Mahindroo received kudos from the Commander-in-Chief Mediterranean Fleet for the carrier's excellent performance.",
"He then brought the carrier home to India, calling on multiple ports on the way like Alexandria, Port Said and Aden, with INS Rajput as escort.",
"Vikrant reached home waters by 3 November, where the two squadrons disembarked and she was welcomed by the flagship and aircraft of the Indian Air Force.",
"The same day, Vikrant was welcomed by the Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru, CNS Vice Admiral Katari and Flag Officer Bombay Rear Admiral S. G. Karmarkar.",
"In June 1962, Mahindroo led the Vikrant in exercises in the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal and off Malaya.",
"After commanding the carrier for over two years, he relinquished command, handing over to Captain Nilakanta Krishnan in April 1963.",
"He swapped places with Krishnan and was appointed Commanding Officer of the Navy's Engineering College INS Shivaji in Lonavala.",
"After a short stint at Shivaji, in March 1964, Mahindroo was promoted to the rank of Commodore and appointed Commodore Superintendent Naval Dockyard, Mumbai.",
"Flag rank\nIn February 1965, Mahindroo was appointed Chief of Materiel (COM) at Naval HQ and took over from Commodore Sourendra Nath Kohli.",
"In August, the appointment was upgraded to flag rank and he was promoted to the rank of Rear Admiral.",
"He served as the COM for about three years.",
"In December 1967, he was appointed Director General Naval Dockyard Expansion Scheme (DG-NDES).",
"He served in this appointment for long tenure of about six years.",
"On 26 January 1972, he was awarded the Param Vishisht Seva Medal for distinguished service of the most exceptional order.",
"Later life and death\nMahindroo moved to Chandigarh after his retirement and was an avid golfer, playing seven days a week.",
"His son also joined the Navy and had a short stint.",
"On 31 January 1997, INS Vikrant was decommissioned at the Naval Dockyard, Mumbai.",
"The decommissioning ceremony was performed by Mahindroo, the carrier's first captain.",
"He died in the Military Hospital, Chandimandir on 8 October 1999.",
"See also\n INS Vikrant (R11)\n Chief of Materiel\n\nReferences\n\nBibliography\n\nIndian Navy admirals\nRoyal Indian Navy officers\n1917 births\n1999 deaths\nRecipients of the Param Vishisht Seva Medal\nChiefs of Materiel (India)"
] | [
"Rear Admiral Pritam Singh 'Peter' Mahindroo was a Flag Officer in the Indian Navy.",
"He was the first Sikh in the Indian Navy.",
"The Indian Navy's first aircraft carrier was commanded by him.",
"He was the Director General Naval Dockyard Expansion Scheme before retiring in 1972.",
"In 1933, he joined the Indian Mercantile Marine Training ship Dufferin.",
"He joined the marine after graduating from Dufferin.",
"He joined the Royal Indian Naval Reserve as an acting Sub-lieutenant during the outbreak of World War II.",
"He was initially denied entry because he refused to cut his hair, but later was accepted as the first turbaned officer in the navy.",
"He served on a sloop.",
"He was transferred from the sloop to the auxiliary patrol vessel in December 1941.",
"He was made a Lieutenant on April 4, 1942.",
"In December 1942, he was transferred to the Bangor-class minesweeper.",
"The Black Swan-class sloop was built in Woolston.",
"James Jefford was the first Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Pakistan Navy.",
"The only Indian on board was the navigator.",
"The Godavari was transferred to the East Indies Fleet after she was deployed in the UK-Gibraltar route.",
"He was transferred to the RIN training establishment in Bombay in December 1944.",
"He was appointed until the end of the war.",
"He was the leader of the Indian Naval contingent at the London Victory Celebrations.",
"India acquired three destroyers from the UK in 1949 and renamed them.",
"The Executive Officer of the Rajput was appointed.",
"The Chief Instructor at the Defence Services Staff College was promoted to the acting rank of Captain in 1955.",
"The first Indian chief instructor was Mahindroo, who was the Naval wing's founder.",
"He was promoted to substantive Captain on July 2, 1956.",
"He was appointed Commanding officer of the navy's flagship after about three years at DSSC.",
"He took over from Benjamin.",
"Rear admiral Ram Dasskatari flew his flag on the Delhi.",
"In June 1957, the Indian fleet called on ports in Africa.",
"The fleet sailed for Trincomalee for the annual Commonwealth joint exercises with the Royal Navy, Royal Ceylon Navy and the Pakistan Navy.",
"The Delhi was in charge of these exercises as well.",
"The Indian Navy's first aircraft carrier was to be commanded by the man summoned by the Chief of the Naval Staff in March 1960.",
"He arrived in Belfast in June where the ship was moored.",
"He spent a week aboard and went to various training establishments.",
"The ship was commissioned at 1000 hours by the High Commissioner of India to the United Kingdom.",
"The Vikrant was taken from Belfast to Portland for sea trials.",
"She embarked the Bréguet 1050 Alizés of INAS 310 in France and then sailed for Malta for an intensive work-up under him.",
"The Sea Hawks embarked in the English Channel.",
"The carrier's excellent performance was praised by the Commander-in-Chief Mediterranean Fleet.",
"He took the carrier to multiple ports on the way back to India, with INS Rajput as escort.",
"The two squadrons disembarked and she was welcomed by the flagship and aircraft of the Indian Air Force.",
"The Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru welcomed Vikrant on the same day.",
"In 1962, the Vikrant conducted exercises in the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal and off Malaya.",
"In April 1963, he handed over command of the carrier to Captain Nilakanta Krishnan.",
"He was appointed Commanding Officer of the Navy's Engineering College INS Shivaji after he swapped places with Krishnan.",
"In March 1964, after a short stint at Shivaji, he was promoted to the rank of Commodore.",
"In February 1965, the Chief of materiel was appointed and took over from the Commodore.",
"He was promoted to the rank of Rear admiral in August after his appointment was upgraded to flag rank.",
"He was the COM for three years.",
"He was appointed Director General Naval Dockyard Expansion Scheme in December 1967.",
"He was in this appointment for six years.",
"He was awarded a medal for distinguished service of the most exceptional order.",
"After retiring, he moved to Chandigarh and was an avid golfer, playing seven days a week.",
"His son was in the Navy for a short time.",
"INS Vikrant was taken out of service on January 31, 1997.",
"The carrier's first captain performed the ceremony.",
"He died in the military hospital.",
"There are references to Indian Navy admirals, Royal Indian Navy officers, and the chiefs of materiel in India."
] | Rear Admiral <mask> '<mask><mask>, PVSM (1917-1999) was a Flag Officer in the Indian Navy. He was the first Sikh Admiral in the Indian Navy. He was the commissioning Commanding Officer of the Indian Navy's first aircraft carrier . He later served as the Chief of Materiel and as the Director General Naval Dockyard Expansion Scheme before retiring in 1972. Naval career
<mask> was in the seventh batch of Indian cadet-entry officers to join the Indian Mercantile Marine Training Ship Dufferin, in 1933. After graduating from the Dufferin in December 1935, he joined the mercantile marine. World War II
In September 1939, with the outbreak of the World War II, he joined the Royal Indian Naval Reserve (RINR) as an acting Sub-lieutenant.He was initially denied entry since he refused to cut his hair, but later was accepted as the first turbaned officer in the navy. He first served on the Cornwallis-class sloop HMIS Pansy. After about two years on the sloop, he was transferred to the auxiliary patrol vessel HMIS Sonavati in December 1941. On 4 April 1942, he was made temporary Lieutenant. Mahindroo was then transferred to the Bangor-class minesweeper in December 1942. On 22 June 1943, the Black Swan-class sloop was commissioned in Woolston, Southampton. The ship was in command of Commander James Wilfred Jefford, who later became the first Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Pakistan Navy.<mask> was the navigator and the only Indian among 14 British officers on board. The Godavari was deployed in the UK-Gibraltar route till the end of 1943, after which she was transferred to the East Indies Fleet. In December 1944, he was transferred to HMIS Akbar, the RIN training establishment in Bombay. He served in this appointment until the end of the war. He then led the parade of the Indian Naval contingent at the London Victory Celebrations of 1946. Post-Independence
In 1949, India acquired three destroyers from the UK - , and which were being renamed to , and . <mask> was appointed Executive Officer of the Rajput.In 1955, <mask> was promoted to the acting rank of Captain and appointed Chief Instructor at the Defence Services Staff College (DSSC), Wellington. The Naval wing at DSSC was established in 1949-50 and <mask> was the first Indian chief instructor. On 2 July 1956, he was promoted substantive Captain. After a stint of about three years at DSSC, he was appointed Commanding officer of the navy's flagship - the . He took over from Captain Benjamin Abraham <mask>. The Flag Officer Commanding Indian Fleet Rear Admiral Ram Dass Katari flew his flag on the Delhi. In June 1957, the Indian fleet called on ports in Africa with <mask> as the flag captain.After the Africa visit, the fleet sailed for Trincomalee for the annual joint commonwealth exercises with the Royal Navy, Royal Ceylon Navy and the Pakistan Navy. <mask> was in command of the Delhi during these exercises as well. In March 1960, <mask> was summoned by the Chief of the Naval Staff (CNS) Vice Admiral Ram Dass Katari and told that he was selected to command the Indian Navy's first aircraft carrier - . In June, he embarked for Belfast where the ship was berthed. He then attended refresher courses at various training establishments and spent a week aboard . The ship was commissioned on 4 March 1961 at 1000 hours by Vijaya <mask>, the High Commissioner of India to the United Kingdom. <mask> took the Vikrant from Belfast for Portsmouth in March 1961 and then to Portland for sea trials.Under him, in May, she embarked the Bréguet 1050 Alizés of INAS 310 in Toulon, France and then sailed for Malta for an intensive work-up. In August, Hawker Sea Hawks of INAS 300 also embarked in the English Channel. During the work-up and the trials, <mask> received kudos from the Commander-in-Chief Mediterranean Fleet for the carrier's excellent performance. He then brought the carrier home to India, calling on multiple ports on the way like Alexandria, Port Said and Aden, with INS Rajput as escort. Vikrant reached home waters by 3 November, where the two squadrons disembarked and she was welcomed by the flagship and aircraft of the Indian Air Force. The same day, Vikrant was welcomed by the Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru, CNS Vice Admiral Katari and Flag Officer Bombay Rear Admiral S. G. Karmarkar. In June 1962, Mahindroo led the Vikrant in exercises in the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal and off Malaya.After commanding the carrier for over two years, he relinquished command, handing over to Captain Nilakanta Krishnan in April 1963. He swapped places with Krishnan and was appointed Commanding Officer of the Navy's Engineering College INS Shivaji in Lonavala. After a short stint at Shivaji, in March 1964, <mask> was promoted to the rank of Commodore and appointed Commodore Superintendent Naval Dockyard, Mumbai. Flag rank
In February 1965, <mask> was appointed Chief of Materiel (COM) at Naval HQ and took over from Commodore <mask> Nath Kohli. In August, the appointment was upgraded to flag rank and he was promoted to the rank of Rear Admiral. He served as the COM for about three years. In December 1967, he was appointed Director General Naval Dockyard Expansion Scheme (DG-NDES).He served in this appointment for long tenure of about six years. On 26 January 1972, he was awarded the Param Vishisht Seva Medal for distinguished service of the most exceptional order. Later life and death
<mask> moved to Chandigarh after his retirement and was an avid golfer, playing seven days a week. His son also joined the Navy and had a short stint. On 31 January 1997, INS Vikrant was decommissioned at the Naval Dockyard, Mumbai. The decommissioning ceremony was performed by <mask>, the carrier's first captain. He died in the Military Hospital, Chandimandir on 8 October 1999.See also
INS Vikrant (R11)
Chief of Materiel
References
Bibliography
Indian Navy admirals
Royal Indian Navy officers
1917 births
1999 deaths
Recipients of the Param Vishisht Seva Medal
Chiefs of Materiel (India) | [
"Pritam Singh",
"Peter",
"' Mahindroo",
"Mahindroo",
"Mahindroo",
"Mahindroo",
"Mahindroo",
"Mahindroo",
"Samson",
"Mahindroo",
"Mahindroo",
"Mahindroo",
"Lakshmi Pandit",
"Mahindroo",
"Mahindroo",
"Mahindroo",
"Mahindroo",
"Sourendra",
"Mahindroo",
"Mahindroo"
] | Rear Admiral <mask> '<mask>' <mask> was a Flag Officer in the Indian Navy. He was the first Sikh in the Indian Navy. The Indian Navy's first aircraft carrier was commanded by him. He was the Director General Naval Dockyard Expansion Scheme before retiring in 1972. In 1933, he joined the Indian Mercantile Marine Training ship Dufferin. He joined the marine after graduating from Dufferin. He joined the Royal Indian Naval Reserve as an acting Sub-lieutenant during the outbreak of World War II.He was initially denied entry because he refused to cut his hair, but later was accepted as the first turbaned officer in the navy. He served on a sloop. He was transferred from the sloop to the auxiliary patrol vessel in December 1941. He was made a Lieutenant on April 4, 1942. In December 1942, he was transferred to the Bangor-class minesweeper. The Black Swan-class sloop was built in Woolston. James Jefford was the first Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Pakistan Navy.The only Indian on board was the navigator. The Godavari was transferred to the East Indies Fleet after she was deployed in the UK-Gibraltar route. He was transferred to the RIN training establishment in Bombay in December 1944. He was appointed until the end of the war. He was the leader of the Indian Naval contingent at the London Victory Celebrations. India acquired three destroyers from the UK in 1949 and renamed them. The Executive Officer of the Rajput was appointed.The Chief Instructor at the Defence Services Staff College was promoted to the acting rank of Captain in 1955. The first Indian chief instructor was <mask>, who was the Naval wing's founder. He was promoted to substantive Captain on July 2, 1956. He was appointed Commanding officer of the navy's flagship after about three years at DSSC. He took over from Benjamin. Rear admiral Ram Dasskatari flew his flag on the Delhi. In June 1957, the Indian fleet called on ports in Africa.The fleet sailed for Trincomalee for the annual Commonwealth joint exercises with the Royal Navy, Royal Ceylon Navy and the Pakistan Navy. The Delhi was in charge of these exercises as well. The Indian Navy's first aircraft carrier was to be commanded by the man summoned by the Chief of the Naval Staff in March 1960. He arrived in Belfast in June where the ship was moored. He spent a week aboard and went to various training establishments. The ship was commissioned at 1000 hours by the High Commissioner of India to the United Kingdom. The Vikrant was taken from Belfast to Portland for sea trials.She embarked the Bréguet 1050 Alizés of INAS 310 in France and then sailed for Malta for an intensive work-up under him. The Sea Hawks embarked in the English Channel. The carrier's excellent performance was praised by the Commander-in-Chief Mediterranean Fleet. He took the carrier to multiple ports on the way back to India, with INS Rajput as escort. The two squadrons disembarked and she was welcomed by the flagship and aircraft of the Indian Air Force. The Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru welcomed Vikrant on the same day. In 1962, the Vikrant conducted exercises in the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal and off Malaya.In April 1963, he handed over command of the carrier to Captain Nilakanta Krishnan. He was appointed Commanding Officer of the Navy's Engineering College INS Shivaji after he swapped places with Krishnan. In March 1964, after a short stint at Shivaji, he was promoted to the rank of Commodore. In February 1965, the Chief of materiel was appointed and took over from the Commodore. He was promoted to the rank of Rear admiral in August after his appointment was upgraded to flag rank. He was the COM for three years. He was appointed Director General Naval Dockyard Expansion Scheme in December 1967.He was in this appointment for six years. He was awarded a medal for distinguished service of the most exceptional order. After retiring, he moved to Chandigarh and was an avid golfer, playing seven days a week. His son was in the Navy for a short time. INS Vikrant was taken out of service on January 31, 1997. The carrier's first captain performed the ceremony. He died in the military hospital.There are references to Indian Navy admirals, Royal Indian Navy officers, and the chiefs of materiel in India. | [
"Pritam Singh",
"Peter",
"Mahindroo",
"Mahindroo"
] |
10438641 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee%20Nogan | Lee Nogan | Lee Martin Nogan (born 21 May 1969) is a Welsh former professional footballer and manager. He is the elder brother of Kurt Nogan.
A forward, he began his career at Oxford United in 1987. He spent four years at the club, and also had loan spells at Brentford and Southend United. He was sold on to Watford for £350,000 in December 1991, where he would remain for another four years. He lost his first-team place after a change of manager in 1993, and again joined Southend United on loan. He was sold to Reading for £250,000 in January 1995, and played in the club's defeat in the 1995 First Division play-off final at Wembley Stadium. He spent time on loan at Notts County, before he joined Grimsby Town for a £170,000 fee in August 1997. He helped the club to win the Football League Trophy in 1998 and then to win promotion out of the Second Division via the play-offs at the end of the 1997–98 season. He moved on to Luton Town in 2000, before signing with York City in February 2001. He was also instated as assistant manager in May 2003, and left the club two years later. He scored a total of 139 goals in 673 league and cup appearances during a 19-year professional career, and also won two caps for Wales.
He was appointed manager at Whitby Town in June 2006, before resigning in October 2007. He remained on at the club as a player and assistant manager, before joining F.C. Halifax Town as an assistant to Neil Aspin. He followed Aspin to Gateshead in November 2015, and then Port Vale in October 2017.
Club career
Oxford United
Nogan turned professional at Oxford United under Maurice Evans. He joined Brentford on loan in March 1987, and spent the remainder of the 1986–87 season at Griffin Park, scoring two goals in 11 Third Division games for Steve Perryman's "Bees". He then played four matches and scored one goal as the "U's" were relegated out of the First Division at the end of the 1987–88 season under the stewardship of Mark Lawrenson. He also played nine games on loan at Third Division Southend United, scoring one goal for the "Shrimpers". He made only occasional appearances for Oxford in the 1988–89 and 1989–90 campaigns, playing just eight first-team games under new manager Brian Horton. He established himself as a regular first-team player at the Manor Ground during the 1990–91 campaign, scoring seven goals from 40 appearances. He scored five goals from 25 games in the first half of the 1991–92 season.
Watford
Nogan joined Second Division rivals Watford for a £350,000 fee in December 1991, who were managed by former Brentford boss Steve Perryman. He ended the 1991–92 campaign with five goals from 23 games, helping the "Hornets" to a tenth-place finish. He scored 12 goals from 49 appearances in the 1992–93 season as Watford slipped to 16th-position. He lost his first-team place under new manager Glenn Roeder in the 1993–94 season, and scored only four goals from his 30 matches as Watford narrowly avoided relegation. He also returned to Southend United on loan, now in the First Division and under the stewardship of Peter Taylor. Again his stay at Roots Hall was brief however, and he played just five games for the "Seasiders". He returned to Vicarage Road and scored nine goals from 15 appearances in the first half of the 1994–95 campaign.
Reading
Nogan was sold on to Reading for £250,000 in January 1995. He scored 12 goals in 23 appearances, including a hat-trick in a 3–3 draw with Port Vale at Elm Park, to help the "Royals" to secure a second-place finish in the First Division at the end of the 1994–95 season. A reduction in the size of the Premier League denied the club automatic promotion however, and though they eliminated Tranmere Rovers in the play-off semi-finals, they lost out to Bolton Wanderers in the play-off final at Wembley Stadium. Nogan had put Reading ahead in the fourth minute with the first goal of the game, and by half time they were 2–0 up, but two goals in the final 15 minutes saw Bolton force extra-time and go on to claim a 4–3 victory. Reading then struggled in the 1995–96 campaign, only managing a 19th-place finish, with Nogan contributing 11 goals from his 45 appearances. He went on to score a further six goals across 25 appearances in the 1996–97 season, as joint-managers Mick Gooding and Jimmy Quinn led the club to an 18th-place finish. Nogan also enjoyed a spell on loan with Notts County, playing six games during his short stay at Meadow Lane as the "Magpies" struggled at the foot of the Second Division.
Grimsby Town
Nogan signed with Grimsby Town for a £170,000 fee in August 1997, with manager Alan Buckley looking to replace Clive Mendonca. He formed effective partnership with Jack Lester, and scored 13 goals in 54 appearances across the 1997–98 season to help the "Mariners" to reach the Second Division play-off final at Wembley Stadium. There they defeated Northampton Town 1–0 to secure promotion. He also played in the 1998 Football League Trophy final, as Grimsby won the Football League Trophy for the first time with a 2–1 extra-time victory over AFC Bournemouth. However he struggled back in the First Division, scoring just three goals in 42 matches across the 1998–99 campaign, as he failed to adapt to the pace and physicality of the higher division. A lack of other options at Blundell Park left him unable to be replaced up front and caused him to receive criticism from some supporters as his confidence dipped.
Darlington
Nogan joined Darlington on a free transfer in July 1999. A strike partnership with veteran forward Marco Gabbiadini failed to materialise however, as loan signings such as Craig Russell were preferred by "Quakers" manager David Hodgson, though Nogan still featured 39 times in the 1999–2000 season, contributing five goals. He came on as an 84th minute substitute for Peter Duffield in the Third Division play-off final, as Darlington lost 1–0 to Peterborough United. Shortly after Gary Bennett took charge at Feethams at the start of the 2000–01 season, Nogan was allowed to leave the club on a free transfer.
Luton Town
Nogan moved back up to the Second Division to Luton Town as one of manager Lil Fuccillo's first signings at Kenilworth Road. On 19 December, he opened the scoring as Luton defeated his former club Darlington 2–0 in the second round of the FA Cup. He scored against another former club four days later, though this was during a 4–1 defeat at Reading. He played just 11 times for the "Hatters" and scored just the two goals, as Luton suffered relegation at the end of the 2000–01 season under the stewardship of Joe Kinnear.
York City
Nogan signed with York City in February 2001; manager Terry Dolan said that "we needed a striker... with Chris Iwelumo finishing his time here it would have left us with just David McNiven and Scott Emmerson... Lee is experienced and hopefully that will help David McNiven and it also gives Alex Mathie a lot more breathing space to fully recover before he comes back." He proved to be a key player in the club's upturn in form in the second half of the 2000–01 season, displaying hunger and a high work-rate as he scored six goals from 16 appearances. He scored 13 goals from 49 appearances for the "Minstermen" throughout the 2001–02 season, and made a further 50 appearances in the 2002–03 campaign, scoring six goals.
He was released in May 2003 following what were described as "drastic cost-cutting measures", though he ended up staying on at the club as a player and assistant manager to rookie manager Chris Brass. He finished as York's top-scorer in the 2003–04 season with nine goals, although he was unable to prevent them from suffering relegation out of the Football League to the Conference. He remained at Bootham Crescent after relegation, and scored three goals from 24 games in the 2004–05 season, before leaving the club when caretaker-manager Viv Busby was succeeded by Billy McEwan in February. He went on to join Conference North side Harrogate Town in March 2005 after being signed by manager Neil Aspin, his former teammate at Darlington. He later played for Pickering Town, who were managed by former York teammate Alex Mathie.
International career
Nogan won caps for the Wales under-21 and B team, before he won his first senior Wales cap in 1992. He picked up his second and final cap three years later.
Coaching career
Whitby Town
Nogan was appointed as manager of Whitby Town in June 2006. He led the club to an 11th-place finish in the Northern Premier League Premier Division at the end of the 2006–07 season, though they did suffer early cup qualification exits to Frickley Athletic and Woodley Sports. The "Blues" suffered a poor start to the 2007–08 campaign, and Nogan resigned on 22 October 2007 following an FA Trophy defeat at Ossett Town. Despite being a former manager, he continued to play for the club, helping them to avoid relegation at the end of the season. He served as assistant manager to manager Graeme Clark during the 2008–09 season, and continued to make first-team appearances.
Assistant to Neil Aspin
Nogan went on to work as assistant to F.C. Halifax Town manager Neil Aspin. On 1 October 2014, now aged 45, he came on as a 7th-minute substitute in a 3–0 defeat at Guiseley in the first round of the West Riding County Cup, and was taken off to be replaced by Aspin on 69 minutes. Aspin was appointed as Gateshead manager on 27 November 2015, and the following day he hired Nogan to again work as his assistant. Having been recruited by League Two club Port Vale, Aspin again took Nogan with him to work as a coach on 6 October 2017. He departed Vale Park alongside Aspin on 30 January 2019.
Personal life
Nogan has worked as a PE teacher in primary schools since ending his playing career. His younger brother, Kurt Nogan, is also a former professional footballer.
Statistics
Club statistics
Source:
International playing statistics
Managerial statistics
Honours
Grimsby Town
Football League Second Division play-offs: 1998
Football League Trophy: 1998
References
External links
1969 births
Living people
Footballers from Cardiff
Welsh footballers
Wales under-21 international footballers
Wales international footballers
Association football forwards
Oxford United F.C. players
Brentford F.C. players
Southend United F.C. players
Watford F.C. players
Reading F.C. players
Notts County F.C. players
Grimsby Town F.C. players
Darlington F.C. players
Luton Town F.C. players
York City F.C. players
Harrogate Town A.F.C. players
Pickering Town F.C. players
Whitby Town F.C. players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
Northern Premier League players
Welsh football managers
Whitby Town F.C. managers
Association football coaches
York City F.C. non-playing staff
Gateshead F.C. non-playing staff
Port Vale F.C. non-playing staff
Welsh schoolteachers | [
"Lee Martin Nogan (born 21 May 1969) is a Welsh former professional footballer and manager.",
"He is the elder brother of Kurt Nogan.",
"A forward, he began his career at Oxford United in 1987.",
"He spent four years at the club, and also had loan spells at Brentford and Southend United.",
"He was sold on to Watford for £350,000 in December 1991, where he would remain for another four years.",
"He lost his first-team place after a change of manager in 1993, and again joined Southend United on loan.",
"He was sold to Reading for £250,000 in January 1995, and played in the club's defeat in the 1995 First Division play-off final at Wembley Stadium.",
"He spent time on loan at Notts County, before he joined Grimsby Town for a £170,000 fee in August 1997.",
"He helped the club to win the Football League Trophy in 1998 and then to win promotion out of the Second Division via the play-offs at the end of the 1997–98 season.",
"He moved on to Luton Town in 2000, before signing with York City in February 2001.",
"He was also instated as assistant manager in May 2003, and left the club two years later.",
"He scored a total of 139 goals in 673 league and cup appearances during a 19-year professional career, and also won two caps for Wales.",
"He was appointed manager at Whitby Town in June 2006, before resigning in October 2007.",
"He remained on at the club as a player and assistant manager, before joining F.C.",
"Halifax Town as an assistant to Neil Aspin.",
"He followed Aspin to Gateshead in November 2015, and then Port Vale in October 2017.",
"Club career\n\nOxford United\nNogan turned professional at Oxford United under Maurice Evans.",
"He joined Brentford on loan in March 1987, and spent the remainder of the 1986–87 season at Griffin Park, scoring two goals in 11 Third Division games for Steve Perryman's \"Bees\".",
"He then played four matches and scored one goal as the \"U's\" were relegated out of the First Division at the end of the 1987–88 season under the stewardship of Mark Lawrenson.",
"He also played nine games on loan at Third Division Southend United, scoring one goal for the \"Shrimpers\".",
"He made only occasional appearances for Oxford in the 1988–89 and 1989–90 campaigns, playing just eight first-team games under new manager Brian Horton.",
"He established himself as a regular first-team player at the Manor Ground during the 1990–91 campaign, scoring seven goals from 40 appearances.",
"He scored five goals from 25 games in the first half of the 1991–92 season.",
"Watford\nNogan joined Second Division rivals Watford for a £350,000 fee in December 1991, who were managed by former Brentford boss Steve Perryman.",
"He ended the 1991–92 campaign with five goals from 23 games, helping the \"Hornets\" to a tenth-place finish.",
"He scored 12 goals from 49 appearances in the 1992–93 season as Watford slipped to 16th-position.",
"He lost his first-team place under new manager Glenn Roeder in the 1993–94 season, and scored only four goals from his 30 matches as Watford narrowly avoided relegation.",
"He also returned to Southend United on loan, now in the First Division and under the stewardship of Peter Taylor.",
"Again his stay at Roots Hall was brief however, and he played just five games for the \"Seasiders\".",
"He returned to Vicarage Road and scored nine goals from 15 appearances in the first half of the 1994–95 campaign.",
"Reading\nNogan was sold on to Reading for £250,000 in January 1995.",
"He scored 12 goals in 23 appearances, including a hat-trick in a 3–3 draw with Port Vale at Elm Park, to help the \"Royals\" to secure a second-place finish in the First Division at the end of the 1994–95 season.",
"A reduction in the size of the Premier League denied the club automatic promotion however, and though they eliminated Tranmere Rovers in the play-off semi-finals, they lost out to Bolton Wanderers in the play-off final at Wembley Stadium.",
"Nogan had put Reading ahead in the fourth minute with the first goal of the game, and by half time they were 2–0 up, but two goals in the final 15 minutes saw Bolton force extra-time and go on to claim a 4–3 victory.",
"Reading then struggled in the 1995–96 campaign, only managing a 19th-place finish, with Nogan contributing 11 goals from his 45 appearances.",
"He went on to score a further six goals across 25 appearances in the 1996–97 season, as joint-managers Mick Gooding and Jimmy Quinn led the club to an 18th-place finish.",
"Nogan also enjoyed a spell on loan with Notts County, playing six games during his short stay at Meadow Lane as the \"Magpies\" struggled at the foot of the Second Division.",
"Grimsby Town\nNogan signed with Grimsby Town for a £170,000 fee in August 1997, with manager Alan Buckley looking to replace Clive Mendonca.",
"He formed effective partnership with Jack Lester, and scored 13 goals in 54 appearances across the 1997–98 season to help the \"Mariners\" to reach the Second Division play-off final at Wembley Stadium.",
"There they defeated Northampton Town 1–0 to secure promotion.",
"He also played in the 1998 Football League Trophy final, as Grimsby won the Football League Trophy for the first time with a 2–1 extra-time victory over AFC Bournemouth.",
"However he struggled back in the First Division, scoring just three goals in 42 matches across the 1998–99 campaign, as he failed to adapt to the pace and physicality of the higher division.",
"A lack of other options at Blundell Park left him unable to be replaced up front and caused him to receive criticism from some supporters as his confidence dipped.",
"Darlington\nNogan joined Darlington on a free transfer in July 1999.",
"A strike partnership with veteran forward Marco Gabbiadini failed to materialise however, as loan signings such as Craig Russell were preferred by \"Quakers\" manager David Hodgson, though Nogan still featured 39 times in the 1999–2000 season, contributing five goals.",
"He came on as an 84th minute substitute for Peter Duffield in the Third Division play-off final, as Darlington lost 1–0 to Peterborough United.",
"Shortly after Gary Bennett took charge at Feethams at the start of the 2000–01 season, Nogan was allowed to leave the club on a free transfer.",
"Luton Town\nNogan moved back up to the Second Division to Luton Town as one of manager Lil Fuccillo's first signings at Kenilworth Road.",
"On 19 December, he opened the scoring as Luton defeated his former club Darlington 2–0 in the second round of the FA Cup.",
"He scored against another former club four days later, though this was during a 4–1 defeat at Reading.",
"He played just 11 times for the \"Hatters\" and scored just the two goals, as Luton suffered relegation at the end of the 2000–01 season under the stewardship of Joe Kinnear.",
"York City\nNogan signed with York City in February 2001; manager Terry Dolan said that \"we needed a striker... with Chris Iwelumo finishing his time here it would have left us with just David McNiven and Scott Emmerson... Lee is experienced and hopefully that will help David McNiven and it also gives Alex Mathie a lot more breathing space to fully recover before he comes back.\"",
"He proved to be a key player in the club's upturn in form in the second half of the 2000–01 season, displaying hunger and a high work-rate as he scored six goals from 16 appearances.",
"He scored 13 goals from 49 appearances for the \"Minstermen\" throughout the 2001–02 season, and made a further 50 appearances in the 2002–03 campaign, scoring six goals.",
"He was released in May 2003 following what were described as \"drastic cost-cutting measures\", though he ended up staying on at the club as a player and assistant manager to rookie manager Chris Brass.",
"He finished as York's top-scorer in the 2003–04 season with nine goals, although he was unable to prevent them from suffering relegation out of the Football League to the Conference.",
"He remained at Bootham Crescent after relegation, and scored three goals from 24 games in the 2004–05 season, before leaving the club when caretaker-manager Viv Busby was succeeded by Billy McEwan in February.",
"He went on to join Conference North side Harrogate Town in March 2005 after being signed by manager Neil Aspin, his former teammate at Darlington.",
"He later played for Pickering Town, who were managed by former York teammate Alex Mathie.",
"International career\nNogan won caps for the Wales under-21 and B team, before he won his first senior Wales cap in 1992.",
"He picked up his second and final cap three years later.",
"Coaching career\n\nWhitby Town\nNogan was appointed as manager of Whitby Town in June 2006.",
"He led the club to an 11th-place finish in the Northern Premier League Premier Division at the end of the 2006–07 season, though they did suffer early cup qualification exits to Frickley Athletic and Woodley Sports.",
"The \"Blues\" suffered a poor start to the 2007–08 campaign, and Nogan resigned on 22 October 2007 following an FA Trophy defeat at Ossett Town.",
"Despite being a former manager, he continued to play for the club, helping them to avoid relegation at the end of the season.",
"He served as assistant manager to manager Graeme Clark during the 2008–09 season, and continued to make first-team appearances.",
"Assistant to Neil Aspin\nNogan went on to work as assistant to F.C.",
"Halifax Town manager Neil Aspin.",
"On 1 October 2014, now aged 45, he came on as a 7th-minute substitute in a 3–0 defeat at Guiseley in the first round of the West Riding County Cup, and was taken off to be replaced by Aspin on 69 minutes.",
"Aspin was appointed as Gateshead manager on 27 November 2015, and the following day he hired Nogan to again work as his assistant.",
"Having been recruited by League Two club Port Vale, Aspin again took Nogan with him to work as a coach on 6 October 2017.",
"He departed Vale Park alongside Aspin on 30 January 2019.",
"Personal life\nNogan has worked as a PE teacher in primary schools since ending his playing career.",
"His younger brother, Kurt Nogan, is also a former professional footballer.",
"Statistics\n\nClub statistics\nSource:\n\nInternational playing statistics\n\nManagerial statistics\n\nHonours\nGrimsby Town\nFootball League Second Division play-offs: 1998\nFootball League Trophy: 1998\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\n1969 births\nLiving people\nFootballers from Cardiff\nWelsh footballers\nWales under-21 international footballers\nWales international footballers\nAssociation football forwards\nOxford United F.C.",
"players\nBrentford F.C.",
"players\nSouthend United F.C.",
"players\nWatford F.C.",
"players\nReading F.C.",
"players\nNotts County F.C.",
"players\nGrimsby Town F.C.",
"players\nDarlington F.C.",
"players\nLuton Town F.C.",
"players\nYork City F.C.",
"players\nHarrogate Town A.F.C.",
"players\nPickering Town F.C.",
"players\nWhitby Town F.C.",
"players\nEnglish Football League players\nNational League (English football) players\nNorthern Premier League players\nWelsh football managers\nWhitby Town F.C.",
"managers\nAssociation football coaches\nYork City F.C.",
"non-playing staff\nGateshead F.C.",
"non-playing staff\nPort Vale F.C.",
"non-playing staff\nWelsh schoolteachers"
] | [
"Lee Martin Nogan was born in 1969 and is a former professional footballer.",
"He's the older brother of Kurt Nogan.",
"He began his career at Oxford United.",
"He spent four years at the club and had two loan spells.",
"He was sold for over half a million dollars in December 1991.",
"He joined Southend United on loan after losing his first-team place.",
"He played in the club's defeat in the 1995 First Division play-off final at Wembley Stadium after he was sold to Reading.",
"He joined Grimsby Town in August 1997 after spending time on loan at Notts County.",
"He helped the club to win the Football League Trophy in 1998 and then to win promotion out of the Second Division at the end of the 1997–98 season.",
"He signed with York City in 2001.",
"He left the club two years after he was instated as an assistant manager.",
"He won two caps for Wales and scored a total of 139 goals during his 19-year professional career.",
"He resigned as manager of Whitby Town in October 2007.",
"He was an assistant manager and a player at the club.",
"Neil Aspin was an assistant to Halifax Town.",
"He followed Aspin to Port Vale.",
"Nogan was a professional at Oxford United.",
"He scored two goals in 11 Third Division games for Steve Perryman's \"Bees\" during the 1986–87 season.",
"The \"U's\" were demoted to the First Division at the end of the 1987–88 season under Mark Lawrenson.",
"He played nine games for the \"Shrimpers\" and scored one goal.",
"In the 1988–89 and 1989–90 campaigns, he played just eight first-team games for Oxford.",
"He scored seven goals in 40 appearances for the first team during the 1990–91) season.",
"He scored five goals in the first half of the season.",
"In December 1991, Nogan joined Second Division rivalsWatford for a fee of 350,000.",
"He had five goals from 23 games in 1991, helping the \"Hornets\" to a tenth-place finish.",
"In the 1992–93 season, he scored 12 goals in 49 appearances.",
"In the 1993–94 season, he lost his place in the first team and only scored four goals in 30 matches.",
"He went back to Southend United on loan, now in the First Division, under the stewardship of Peter Taylor.",
"He played just five games for the \"Seasiders\" after his brief stay at Roots Hall.",
"He scored nine goals from 15 appearances in the first half of the 1994–95 campaign.",
"Reading Nogan was sold to Reading in 1995.",
"He scored 12 goals in 23 appearances, including a hat-trick in a 3–3 draw with Port Vale at Elm Park, to help the \"Royals\" secure a second-place finish in the First Division at the end of the 1994–95 season.",
"The reduction in the size of the league meant that they lost out in the play-off final to the Trotters.",
"Nogan had put Reading ahead in the fourth minute with the first goal of the game, and by half time they were 2–0 up, but two goals in the final 15 minutes saw Bolton force extra-time and go on to claim a 4–3 victory.",
"Reading only managed a 19th-place finish in the 1995–96 campaign, with Nogan contributing 11 goals from 45 appearances.",
"He went on to score a further six goals across 25 appearances in the 1996–97 season, as joint-managers Mick Gooding and Jimmy Quinn led the club to an 18th-place finish.",
"During his short stay at Meadow Lane, Nogan played six games as the \"Magpies\" struggled at the foot of the Second Division.",
"Manager Alan Buckley was looking to replace Clive Mendonca when Nogan signed with Grimsby Town.",
"He scored 13 goals in 54 appearances for the \"Mariners\" in 1997-98 to help them reach the Second Division play-off final.",
"They beat Northampton Town 1–0 to get promoted.",
"He played in the 1998 Football League Trophy final, as Grimsby won the trophy for the first time with a 2–1 extra-time victory over Bournemouth.",
"He scored just three goals in 42 matches in the First Division in 1998–99, as he failed to adapt to the pace of the higher division.",
"A lack of other options left him unable to be replaced up front and caused him to receive criticism from some supporters.",
"There was a free transfer in July 1999.",
"A strike partnership with Marco Gabbiadini failed to materialise, as loan signings such as Craig Russell were preferred by the \"Quakers\" manager, though Nogan still featured 39 times in the 1999–2000 season, contributing five goals.",
"He came on as a substitute for Peter Duffield in the Third Division play-off final.",
"After Gary Bennett took charge at Feethams, Nogan was allowed to leave the club on a free transfer.",
"One of manager Fuccillo's first signings was Nogan, who moved back up to the Second Division.",
"In the second round of the FA Cup, he opened the scoring as Luton defeated his former club, Darlington.",
"He scored against his former club four days later.",
"At the end of the 2000–01) season, he played just 11 times for the \"Hatters\" and scored two goals.",
"It would have left us with just David McNiven and Scott Emmerson if Chris Iwelumo had not left.",
"He scored six goals in 16 appearances in the second half of the 2000–01.",
"He scored 13 goals in 49 appearances for the \"Minstermen\" in the 2001–02 season, and six in 50 appearances in the 2002–03 season.",
"He remained at the club as an assistant manager to Chris Brass, despite being released in May 2003 due to \"drastic cost-cutting measures\".",
"He was York's top scorer in the 2003– 2004 season with nine goals, but he was unable to prevent them from being demoted from the Football League to the Conference.",
"He scored three goals in 24 games for Bootham Crescent in the 2004–05 season before leaving the club in February.",
"He joined Conference North side Harrogate Town in March 2005 after being signed by manager Neil Aspin.",
"He was managed by former York teammate Alex Mathie.",
"Before he won his first senior Wales cap in 1992, Nogan had won caps for the Wales under-21 and B team.",
"He picked up his last cap three years later.",
"In June of 2006 Nogan was appointed as manager of Whitby Town.",
"At the end of the 2006–07 season, he led the club to an 11th-place finish in the Northern Premier League's premier division.",
"Nogan resigned from the \"Blues\" on October 22, 2007, after they lost to Ossett Town in the FA Trophy.",
"Despite being a manager, he continued to play for the club, helping them to avoid the drop.",
"He was an assistant manager for the 2008–09 season and made first-team appearances.",
"Neil Aspin Nogan's assistant went on to work for F.C.",
"Neil Aspin is the manager of the town.",
"He came on as a 7th-minute substitute in a 3–0 defeat at Guiseley in the first round of the West Riding County Cup and was replaced by Aspin on 69 minutes.",
"Nogan was hired as Aspin's assistant the day after he was hired as the Gateshead manager.",
"Aspin took Nogan with him to work as a coach at Port Vale in October of last year.",
"He left Vale Park with Aspin on January 30.",
"Since ending his playing career, Nogan has worked as a PE teacher.",
"Kurt Nogan was a professional footballer.",
"Statistics Club statistics Source: International playing statistics Managerial statistics Honours Grimsby Town Football League Second Division play-offs: 1998 Football League Trophy: 1998 References External links 1969 births",
"The players are from the F.C.",
"The players are from Southend United F.C.",
"The players are fromWatford F.C.",
"The players are reading.",
"The players are from Notts County F.C.",
"The players are from Grimsby Town F.C.",
"The players are from Darlington F.C.",
"The players at Town F.C.",
"The players are from York City F.C.",
"The players are from Harrogate Town A.F.C.",
"The players are from Pickering Town F.C.",
"The players are from Whitby Town F.C.",
"The players are from the English Football League, the Northern Premier League, and the Welsh Football Managers.",
"Football coaches York City F.C.",
"Gateshead F.C. is not playing staff.",
"The staff at Port Vale F.C. are not playing.",
"Welsh teachers are not playing."
] | <mask> (born 21 May 1969) is a Welsh former professional footballer and manager. He is the elder brother of <mask>. A forward, he began his career at Oxford United in 1987. He spent four years at the club, and also had loan spells at Brentford and Southend United. He was sold on to Watford for £350,000 in December 1991, where he would remain for another four years. He lost his first-team place after a change of manager in 1993, and again joined Southend United on loan. He was sold to Reading for £250,000 in January 1995, and played in the club's defeat in the 1995 First Division play-off final at Wembley Stadium.He spent time on loan at Notts County, before he joined Grimsby Town for a £170,000 fee in August 1997. He helped the club to win the Football League Trophy in 1998 and then to win promotion out of the Second Division via the play-offs at the end of the 1997–98 season. He moved on to Luton Town in 2000, before signing with York City in February 2001. He was also instated as assistant manager in May 2003, and left the club two years later. He scored a total of 139 goals in 673 league and cup appearances during a 19-year professional career, and also won two caps for Wales. He was appointed manager at Whitby Town in June 2006, before resigning in October 2007. He remained on at the club as a player and assistant manager, before joining F.C.Halifax Town as an assistant to Neil Aspin. He followed Aspin to Gateshead in November 2015, and then Port Vale in October 2017. Club career
Oxford United
Nogan turned professional at Oxford United under Maurice Evans. He joined Brentford on loan in March 1987, and spent the remainder of the 1986–87 season at Griffin Park, scoring two goals in 11 Third Division games for Steve Perryman's "Bees". He then played four matches and scored one goal as the "U's" were relegated out of the First Division at the end of the 1987–88 season under the stewardship of Mark Lawrenson. He also played nine games on loan at Third Division Southend United, scoring one goal for the "Shrimpers". He made only occasional appearances for Oxford in the 1988–89 and 1989–90 campaigns, playing just eight first-team games under new manager Brian Horton.He established himself as a regular first-team player at the Manor Ground during the 1990–91 campaign, scoring seven goals from 40 appearances. He scored five goals from 25 games in the first half of the 1991–92 season. Watford
Nogan joined Second Division rivals Watford for a £350,000 fee in December 1991, who were managed by former Brentford boss Steve Perryman. He ended the 1991–92 campaign with five goals from 23 games, helping the "Hornets" to a tenth-place finish. He scored 12 goals from 49 appearances in the 1992–93 season as Watford slipped to 16th-position. He lost his first-team place under new manager Glenn Roeder in the 1993–94 season, and scored only four goals from his 30 matches as Watford narrowly avoided relegation. He also returned to Southend United on loan, now in the First Division and under the stewardship of Peter Taylor.Again his stay at Roots Hall was brief however, and he played just five games for the "Seasiders". He returned to Vicarage Road and scored nine goals from 15 appearances in the first half of the 1994–95 campaign. Reading
Nogan was sold on to Reading for £250,000 in January 1995. He scored 12 goals in 23 appearances, including a hat-trick in a 3–3 draw with Port Vale at Elm Park, to help the "Royals" to secure a second-place finish in the First Division at the end of the 1994–95 season. A reduction in the size of the Premier League denied the club automatic promotion however, and though they eliminated Tranmere Rovers in the play-off semi-finals, they lost out to Bolton Wanderers in the play-off final at Wembley Stadium. Nogan had put Reading ahead in the fourth minute with the first goal of the game, and by half time they were 2–0 up, but two goals in the final 15 minutes saw Bolton force extra-time and go on to claim a 4–3 victory. Reading then struggled in the 1995–96 campaign, only managing a 19th-place finish, with Nogan contributing 11 goals from his 45 appearances.He went on to score a further six goals across 25 appearances in the 1996–97 season, as joint-managers Mick Gooding and Jimmy Quinn led the club to an 18th-place finish. Nogan also enjoyed a spell on loan with Notts County, playing six games during his short stay at Meadow Lane as the "Magpies" struggled at the foot of the Second Division. Grimsby Town
Nogan signed with Grimsby Town for a £170,000 fee in August 1997, with manager Alan Buckley looking to replace Clive Mendonca. He formed effective partnership with Jack Lester, and scored 13 goals in 54 appearances across the 1997–98 season to help the "Mariners" to reach the Second Division play-off final at Wembley Stadium. There they defeated Northampton Town 1–0 to secure promotion. He also played in the 1998 Football League Trophy final, as Grimsby won the Football League Trophy for the first time with a 2–1 extra-time victory over AFC Bournemouth. However he struggled back in the First Division, scoring just three goals in 42 matches across the 1998–99 campaign, as he failed to adapt to the pace and physicality of the higher division.A lack of other options at Blundell Park left him unable to be replaced up front and caused him to receive criticism from some supporters as his confidence dipped. Darlington
Nogan joined Darlington on a free transfer in July 1999. A strike partnership with veteran forward Marco Gabbiadini failed to materialise however, as loan signings such as Craig Russell were preferred by "Quakers" manager David Hodgson, though Nogan still featured 39 times in the 1999–2000 season, contributing five goals. He came on as an 84th minute substitute for Peter Duffield in the Third Division play-off final, as Darlington lost 1–0 to Peterborough United. Shortly after Gary Bennett took charge at Feethams at the start of the 2000–01 season, Nogan was allowed to leave the club on a free transfer. Luton Town
Nogan moved back up to the Second Division to Luton Town as one of manager Lil Fuccillo's first signings at Kenilworth Road. On 19 December, he opened the scoring as Luton defeated his former club Darlington 2–0 in the second round of the FA Cup.He scored against another former club four days later, though this was during a 4–1 defeat at Reading. He played just 11 times for the "Hatters" and scored just the two goals, as Luton suffered relegation at the end of the 2000–01 season under the stewardship of Joe Kinnear. York City
Nogan signed with York City in February 2001; manager Terry Dolan said that "we needed a striker... with Chris Iwelumo finishing his time here it would have left us with just David McNiven and Scott Emmerson... <mask> is experienced and hopefully that will help David McNiven and it also gives Alex Mathie a lot more breathing space to fully recover before he comes back." He proved to be a key player in the club's upturn in form in the second half of the 2000–01 season, displaying hunger and a high work-rate as he scored six goals from 16 appearances. He scored 13 goals from 49 appearances for the "Minstermen" throughout the 2001–02 season, and made a further 50 appearances in the 2002–03 campaign, scoring six goals. He was released in May 2003 following what were described as "drastic cost-cutting measures", though he ended up staying on at the club as a player and assistant manager to rookie manager Chris Brass. He finished as York's top-scorer in the 2003–04 season with nine goals, although he was unable to prevent them from suffering relegation out of the Football League to the Conference.He remained at Bootham Crescent after relegation, and scored three goals from 24 games in the 2004–05 season, before leaving the club when caretaker-manager Viv Busby was succeeded by Billy McEwan in February. He went on to join Conference North side Harrogate Town in March 2005 after being signed by manager Neil Aspin, his former teammate at Darlington. He later played for Pickering Town, who were managed by former York teammate Alex Mathie. International career
Nogan won caps for the Wales under-21 and B team, before he won his first senior Wales cap in 1992. He picked up his second and final cap three years later. Coaching career
Whitby Town
Nogan was appointed as manager of Whitby Town in June 2006. He led the club to an 11th-place finish in the Northern Premier League Premier Division at the end of the 2006–07 season, though they did suffer early cup qualification exits to Frickley Athletic and Woodley Sports.The "Blues" suffered a poor start to the 2007–08 campaign, and <mask> resigned on 22 October 2007 following an FA Trophy defeat at Ossett Town. Despite being a former manager, he continued to play for the club, helping them to avoid relegation at the end of the season. He served as assistant manager to manager Graeme Clark during the 2008–09 season, and continued to make first-team appearances. Assistant to Neil Aspin
<mask> went on to work as assistant to F.C. Halifax Town manager Neil Aspin. On 1 October 2014, now aged 45, he came on as a 7th-minute substitute in a 3–0 defeat at Guiseley in the first round of the West Riding County Cup, and was taken off to be replaced by Aspin on 69 minutes. Aspin was appointed as Gateshead manager on 27 November 2015, and the following day he hired Nogan to again work as his assistant.Having been recruited by League Two club Port Vale, Aspin again took Nogan with him to work as a coach on 6 October 2017. He departed Vale Park alongside Aspin on 30 January 2019. Personal life
Nogan has worked as a PE teacher in primary schools since ending his playing career. His younger brother, <mask>, is also a former professional footballer. Statistics
Club statistics
Source:
International playing statistics
Managerial statistics
Honours
Grimsby Town
Football League Second Division play-offs: 1998
Football League Trophy: 1998
References
External links
1969 births
Living people
Footballers from Cardiff
Welsh footballers
Wales under-21 international footballers
Wales international footballers
Association football forwards
Oxford United F.C. players
Brentford F.C. players
Southend United F.C.players
Watford F.C. players
Reading F.C. players
Notts County F.C. players
Grimsby Town F.C. players
Darlington F.C. players
Luton Town F.C. players
York City F.C.players
Harrogate Town A.F.C. players
Pickering Town F.C. players
Whitby Town F.C. players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
Northern Premier League players
Welsh football managers
Whitby Town F.C. managers
Association football coaches
York City F.C. non-playing staff
Gateshead F.C. non-playing staff
Port Vale F.C.non-playing staff
Welsh schoolteachers | [
"Lee Martin Nogan",
"Kurt Nogan",
"Lee",
"Nogan",
"Nogan",
"Kurt Nogan"
] | <mask> was born in 1969 and is a former professional footballer. He's the older brother of <mask>. He began his career at Oxford United. He spent four years at the club and had two loan spells. He was sold for over half a million dollars in December 1991. He joined Southend United on loan after losing his first-team place. He played in the club's defeat in the 1995 First Division play-off final at Wembley Stadium after he was sold to Reading.He joined Grimsby Town in August 1997 after spending time on loan at Notts County. He helped the club to win the Football League Trophy in 1998 and then to win promotion out of the Second Division at the end of the 1997–98 season. He signed with York City in 2001. He left the club two years after he was instated as an assistant manager. He won two caps for Wales and scored a total of 139 goals during his 19-year professional career. He resigned as manager of Whitby Town in October 2007. He was an assistant manager and a player at the club.Neil Aspin was an assistant to Halifax Town. He followed Aspin to Port Vale. Nogan was a professional at Oxford United. He scored two goals in 11 Third Division games for Steve Perryman's "Bees" during the 1986–87 season. The "U's" were demoted to the First Division at the end of the 1987–88 season under Mark Lawrenson. He played nine games for the "Shrimpers" and scored one goal. In the 1988–89 and 1989–90 campaigns, he played just eight first-team games for Oxford.He scored seven goals in 40 appearances for the first team during the 1990–91) season. He scored five goals in the first half of the season. In December 1991, Nogan joined Second Division rivalsWatford for a fee of 350,000. He had five goals from 23 games in 1991, helping the "Hornets" to a tenth-place finish. In the 1992–93 season, he scored 12 goals in 49 appearances. In the 1993–94 season, he lost his place in the first team and only scored four goals in 30 matches. He went back to Southend United on loan, now in the First Division, under the stewardship of Peter Taylor.He played just five games for the "Seasiders" after his brief stay at Roots Hall. He scored nine goals from 15 appearances in the first half of the 1994–95 campaign. Reading Nogan was sold to Reading in 1995. He scored 12 goals in 23 appearances, including a hat-trick in a 3–3 draw with Port Vale at Elm Park, to help the "Royals" secure a second-place finish in the First Division at the end of the 1994–95 season. The reduction in the size of the league meant that they lost out in the play-off final to the Trotters. Nogan had put Reading ahead in the fourth minute with the first goal of the game, and by half time they were 2–0 up, but two goals in the final 15 minutes saw Bolton force extra-time and go on to claim a 4–3 victory. Reading only managed a 19th-place finish in the 1995–96 campaign, with Nogan contributing 11 goals from 45 appearances.He went on to score a further six goals across 25 appearances in the 1996–97 season, as joint-managers Mick Gooding and Jimmy Quinn led the club to an 18th-place finish. During his short stay at Meadow Lane, Nogan played six games as the "Magpies" struggled at the foot of the Second Division. Manager Alan Buckley was looking to replace Clive Mendonca when Nogan signed with Grimsby Town. He scored 13 goals in 54 appearances for the "Mariners" in 1997-98 to help them reach the Second Division play-off final. They beat Northampton Town 1–0 to get promoted. He played in the 1998 Football League Trophy final, as Grimsby won the trophy for the first time with a 2–1 extra-time victory over Bournemouth. He scored just three goals in 42 matches in the First Division in 1998–99, as he failed to adapt to the pace of the higher division.A lack of other options left him unable to be replaced up front and caused him to receive criticism from some supporters. There was a free transfer in July 1999. A strike partnership with Marco Gabbiadini failed to materialise, as loan signings such as Craig Russell were preferred by the "Quakers" manager, though Nogan still featured 39 times in the 1999–2000 season, contributing five goals. He came on as a substitute for Peter Duffield in the Third Division play-off final. After Gary Bennett took charge at Feethams, Nogan was allowed to leave the club on a free transfer. One of manager Fuccillo's first signings was Nogan, who moved back up to the Second Division. In the second round of the FA Cup, he opened the scoring as Luton defeated his former club, Darlington.He scored against his former club four days later. At the end of the 2000–01) season, he played just 11 times for the "Hatters" and scored two goals. It would have left us with just David McNiven and Scott Emmerson if Chris Iwelumo had not left. He scored six goals in 16 appearances in the second half of the 2000–01. He scored 13 goals in 49 appearances for the "Minstermen" in the 2001–02 season, and six in 50 appearances in the 2002–03 season. He remained at the club as an assistant manager to Chris Brass, despite being released in May 2003 due to "drastic cost-cutting measures". He was York's top scorer in the 2003– 2004 season with nine goals, but he was unable to prevent them from being demoted from the Football League to the Conference.He scored three goals in 24 games for Bootham Crescent in the 2004–05 season before leaving the club in February. He joined Conference North side Harrogate Town in March 2005 after being signed by manager Neil Aspin. He was managed by former York teammate Alex Mathie. Before he won his first senior Wales cap in 1992, <mask> had won caps for the Wales under-21 and B team. He picked up his last cap three years later. In June of 2006 <mask> was appointed as manager of Whitby Town. At the end of the 2006–07 season, he led the club to an 11th-place finish in the Northern Premier League's premier division.<mask> resigned from the "Blues" on October 22, 2007, after they lost to Ossett Town in the FA Trophy. Despite being a manager, he continued to play for the club, helping them to avoid the drop. He was an assistant manager for the 2008–09 season and made first-team appearances. Neil Aspin <mask>'s assistant went on to work for F.C. Neil Aspin is the manager of the town. He came on as a 7th-minute substitute in a 3–0 defeat at Guiseley in the first round of the West Riding County Cup and was replaced by Aspin on 69 minutes. <mask> was hired as Aspin's assistant the day after he was hired as the Gateshead manager.Aspin took Nogan with him to work as a coach at Port Vale in October of last year. He left Vale Park with Aspin on January 30. Since ending his playing career, Nogan has worked as a PE teacher. <mask> was a professional footballer. Statistics Club statistics Source: International playing statistics Managerial statistics Honours Grimsby Town Football League Second Division play-offs: 1998 Football League Trophy: 1998 References External links 1969 births The players are from the F.C. The players are from Southend United F.C.The players are fromWatford F.C. The players are reading. The players are from Notts County F.C. The players are from Grimsby Town F.C. The players are from Darlington F.C. The players at Town F.C. The players are from York City F.C.The players are from Harrogate Town A.F.C. The players are from Pickering Town F.C. The players are from Whitby Town F.C. The players are from the English Football League, the Northern Premier League, and the Welsh Football Managers. Football coaches York City F.C. Gateshead F.C. is not playing staff. The staff at Port Vale F.C. are not playing.Welsh teachers are not playing. | [
"Lee Martin Nogan",
"Kurt Nogan",
"Nogan",
"Nogan",
"Nogan",
"Nogan",
"Nogan",
"Kurt Nogan"
] |
59789 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derek%20Parfit | Derek Parfit | Derek Antony Parfit (; 11 December 1942 – 1 or 2 January 2017) was a British philosopher who specialised in personal identity, rationality, and ethics. He is widely considered one of the most important and influential moral philosophers of the late 20th and early 21st centuries.
Parfit rose to prominence in 1971 with the publication of his first paper, "Personal Identity". His first book, Reasons and Persons (1984), has been described as the most significant work of moral philosophy since the 1800s. His second book, On What Matters (2011), was widely circulated and discussed for many years before its publication.
For his entire academic career, Parfit worked at Oxford University, where he was an Emeritus Senior Research Fellow at All Souls College at the time of his death. He was also a visiting professor of philosophy at Harvard University, New York University, and Rutgers University. He was awarded the 2014 Rolf Schock Prize "for his groundbreaking contributions concerning personal identity, regard for future generations, and analysis of the structure of moral theories."
Early life and education
Parfit was born in 1942 in Chengdu, China, the son of Jessie (née Browne) and Norman Parfit, medical doctors who had moved to Western China to teach preventive medicine in missionary hospitals. The family returned to the United Kingdom about a year after Parfit was born, settling in Oxford. Parfit was educated at Eton College, where he was nearly always at the top of the regular rankings in every subject except maths. From an early age, he endeavoured to become a poet, but he gave up poetry towards the end of his adolescence.
He then studied Modern History at Balliol College, Oxford, graduating in 1964. In 1965–66 he was a Harkness Fellow at Columbia University and Harvard University. He abandoned historical studies for philosophy during the fellowship.
Career
Parfit returned to Oxford to become a fellow of All Souls College, where he remained until he was 67, when the university’s mandatory retirement policy required him to leave both the college and the faculty of philosophy. He retained his appointments as regular Visiting Professor at Harvard, NYU, and Rutgers until his death.
Ethics and rationality
Reasons and Persons
In Reasons and Persons, Parfit suggested that nonreligious ethics is a young and fertile field of inquiry. He asked questions about which actions are right or wrong and shied away from meta-ethics, which focuses more on logic and language.
In Part I of Reasons and Persons Parfit discussed self-defeating moral theories, namely the self-interest theory of rationality ("S") and two ethical frameworks: common-sense morality and consequentialism. He posited that self-interest has been dominant in Western culture for over two millennia, often making bedfellows with religious doctrine, which united self-interest and morality. Because self-interest demands that we always make self-interest our supreme rational concern and instructs us to ensure that our whole life goes as well as possible, self-interest makes temporally neutral requirements. Thus it would be irrational to act in ways that we know we would prefer later to undo.
As an example, it would be irrational for fourteen-year-olds to listen to loud music or get arrested for vandalism if they knew such actions would detract significantly from their future well-being and goals (such as having good hearing or an academic career in philosophy).
Most notably, the self-interest theory holds that it is irrational to commit any acts of self-denial or to act on desires that negatively affect our well-being. One may consider an aspiring author whose strongest desire is to write a masterpiece but who, in doing so, suffers depression and lack of sleep. Parfit argues that it is plausible that we have such desires which conflict with our own well-being, and that it is not necessarily irrational to act to fulfill these desires.
Aside from the initial appeal to plausibility of desires that do not directly contribute to one's life going well, Parfit contrived situations where self-interest is indirectly self-defeating—that is, it makes demands that it initially posits as irrational. It does not fail on its own terms, but it does recommend adoption of an alternative framework of rationality. For instance, it might be in my self-interest to become trustworthy to participate in mutually beneficial agreements, even though in maintaining the agreement I will be doing what will, other things being equal, be worse for me. In many cases self-interest instructs us precisely not to follow self-interest, thus fitting the definition of an indirectly self-defeating theory.
Parfit contended that to be indirectly individually self-defeating and directly collectively self-defeating is not fatally damaging for S. To further bury self-interest, he exploited its partial relativity, juxtaposing temporally neutral demands against agent-centred demands. The appeal to full relativity raises the question whether a theory can be consistently neutral in one sphere of actualisation but entirely partial in another. Stripped of its commonly accepted shrouds of plausibility that can be shown to be inconsistent, self-interest can be judged on its own merits. While Parfit did not offer an argument to dismiss S outright, his exposition lays self-interest bare and allows its own failings to show through. It is defensible, but the defender must bite so many bullets that they might lose their credibility in the process. Thus a new theory of rationality is necessary. Parfit offered the "critical present aim theory", a broad catch-all that can be formulated to accommodate any competing theory. He constructed critical present aim to exclude self-interest as our overriding rational concern and to allow the time of action to become critically important. But he left open whether it should include "to avoid acting wrongly" as our highest concern. Such an inclusion would pave the way for ethics. Henry Sidgwick longed for the fusion of ethics and rationality, and while Parfit admitted that many would avoid acting irrationally more ardently than acting immorally, he could not construct an argument that adequately united the two.
Where self-interest puts too much emphasis on the separateness of persons, consequentialism fails to recognise the importance of bonds and emotional responses that come from allowing some people privileged positions in one's life. If we were all pure do-gooders, perhaps following Sidgwick, that would not constitute the outcome that would maximise happiness. It would be better if a small percentage of the population were pure do-gooders, but others acted out of love, etc. Thus consequentialism too makes demands of agents that it initially deemed immoral; it fails not on its own terms, for it still demands the outcome that maximises total happiness, but does demand that each agent not always act as an impartial happiness promoter. Consequentialism thus needs to be revised as well.
Self-interest and consequentialism fail indirectly, while common-sense morality is directly collectively self-defeating. (So is self-interest, but self-interest is an individual theory.) Parfit showed, using interesting examples and borrowing from Nashian games, that it would often be better for us all if we did not put the welfare of our loved ones before all else. For example, we should care not only about our kids, but everyone's kids.
On What Matters
In his second book, Parfit argues for moral realism, insisting that moral questions have true and false answers. Further, he suggests that the three most prominent categories of views in moral philosophy—Kantian deontology, consequentalism, and contractarianism (or contractualism)—converge on the same answers to moral questions.
In the book he argues that the affluent have strong moral obligations to the poor:
"One thing that greatly matters is the failure of we rich people to prevent, as we so easily could, much of the suffering and many of the early deaths of the poorest people in the world. The money that we spend on an evening’s entertainment might instead save some poor person from death, blindness, or chronic and severe pain. If we believe that, in our treatment of these poorest people, we are not acting wrongly, we are like those who believed that they were justified in having slaves. Some of us ask how much of our wealth we rich people ought to give to these poorest people. But that question wrongly assumes that our wealth is ours to give. This wealth is legally ours. But these poorest people have much stronger moral claims to some of this wealth. We ought to transfer to these people [...] at least ten per cent of what we earn."
Criticism
In his book On Human Nature, Roger Scruton criticised Parfit's use of moral dilemmas such as the trolley problem and lifeboat ethics to support his ethical views, writing, "These 'dilemmas' have the useful character of eliminating from the situation just about every morally relevant relationship and reducing the problem to one of arithmetic alone." Scruton believes that many of them are deceptive; for example, he does not believe one must be a consequentialist to believe that it is morally required to pull the switch in the trolley problem, as Parfit assumes. He instead suggests that more complex dilemmas, such as Anna Karenina's choice to leave her husband and child for Vronsky, are needed to fully express the differences between opposing ethical theories, and suggests that deontology is free of the problems that (in Scruton's view) beset Parfit's theory.
Personal identity
Parfit was singular in his meticulously rigorous and almost mathematical investigations into personal identity. In some cases, he used examples seemingly inspired by Star Trek and other science fiction, such as the teletransporter, to explore our intuitions about our identity. He was a reductionist, believing that since there is no adequate criterion of personal identity, people do not exist apart from their components. Parfit argued that reality can be fully described impersonally: there need not be a determinate answer to the question "Will I continue to exist?" We could know all the facts about a person's continued existence and not be able to say whether the person has survived. He concluded that we are mistaken in assuming that personal identity is what matters in survival; what matters is rather Relation R: psychological connectedness (namely, of memory and character) and continuity (overlapping chains of strong connectedness).
On Parfit's account, individuals are nothing more than brains and bodies, but identity cannot be reduced to either. (Parfit concedes that his theories rarely conflict with rival Reductionist theories in everyday life, and that the two are only brought to blows by the introduction of extraordinary examples, but he defends the use of such examples on the grounds that they arouse strong intuitions in many of us.) Identity is not as determinate as we often suppose it is, but instead such determinacy arises mainly from the way we talk. People exist in the same way that nations or clubs exist.
Following David Hume, Parfit argued that no unique entity, such as a self, unifies a person's experiences and dispositions over time. Therefore personal identity is not "what matters" in survival.
A key Parfitian question is: given the choice between surviving without psychological continuity and connectedness (Relation R) and dying but preserving R through someone else's future existence, which would you choose? Parfit argues the latter is preferable.
Parfit described his loss of belief in a separate self as liberating:
Criticism of personal identity view
Fellow reductionist Mark Johnston of Princeton rejects Parfit's constitutive notion of identity with what he calls an "Argument from Above". Johnston maintains, "Even if the lower-level facts [that make up identity] do not in themselves matter, the higher-level fact may matter. If it does, the lower-level facts will have derived significance. They will matter, not in themselves, but because they constitute the higher level fact."
In this, Johnston moves to preserve the significance of personhood. Parfit's explanation is that it is not personhood itself that matters, but rather the facts in which personhood consists that provide it with significance. To illustrate this difference between himself and Johnston, Parfit used an illustration of a brain-damaged patient who becomes irreversibly unconscious. The patient is certainly still alive even though that fact is separate from the fact that his heart is still beating and other organs are still functioning. But the fact that the patient is alive is not an independent or separately obtaining fact. The patient's being alive, even though irreversibly unconscious, simply consists in the other facts. Parfit explains that from this so-called "Argument from Below" we can arbitrate the value of the heart and other organs still working without having to assign them derived significance, as Johnston's perspective would dictate.
The future
In part four of Reasons and Persons, Parfit discusses possible futures for the world. Parfit discusses possible futures and population growth in Chapter 17 of Reasons and Persons. He shows that both average and total utilitarianism result in unwelcome conclusions when applied to population.
In the section titled "Overpopulation," Parfit distinguishes between average utilitarianism and total utilitarianism. He formulates average utilitarianism in two ways. One is what Parfit calls the "Impersonal Average Principle", which he formulates as "If other things are equal, the best outcome is the one in which people's lives go, on average, best." The other is what he calls the "Hedonistic version"; he formulates this as "If other things are equal, the best outcome is the one in which there is the greatest average net sum of happiness, per life lived." Parfit then gives two formulations of the total utilitarianism view. The first formulation Parfit calls the "Hedonistic version of the Impersonal Total Principle": "If other things are equal, the best outcome is the one in which there would be the greatest quantity of happiness—the greatest net sum of happiness minus misery." He then describes the other formulation, the "non-Hedonistic Impersonal Total Principle": "If other things are equal, the best outcome is the one in which there would be the greatest quantity of whatever makes life worth living.
Applying total utilitarian standards (absolute total happiness) to possible population growth and welfare leads to what he calls the repugnant conclusion: "For any possible population of at least ten billion people, all with a very high quality of life, there must be some much larger imaginable population whose existence, if other things are equal, would be better, even though its members have lives that are barely worth living." Parfit illustrates this with a simple thought experiment: imagine a choice between two possible futures. In A, 10 billion people would live during the next generation, all with extremely happy lives, lives far happier than anyone's today. In B, there are 20 billion people all living lives that, while slightly less happy than those in A, are still very happy. Under total utility maximisation we should prefer B to A. Therefore, through a regressive process of population increases and happiness decreases (in each pair of cases the happiness decrease is outweighed by the population increase) we are forced to prefer Z, a world of hundreds of billions of people all living lives barely worth living, to A. Even if we do not hold that coming to exist can benefit someone, we still must at least admit that Z is no worse than A. There have been a number of responses to Parfit's utilitarian calculus and his conclusion regarding future lives, including challenges to what life in the A-world would be like and whether life in the Z-world would differ very much from a normal privileged life; that movement from the A-world to the Z-world can be blocked by discontinuity; that rather than accepting the utilitarian premise of maximizing happiness, emphasis should be placed on the converse, minimizing suffering; challenging Parfit's teleological framework by arguing that "better than" is a transitive relation and removing the transitive axiom of the all-things-considered-better-than relation; proposing a minimal threshold of liberties and primary social goods to be distributed; and taking a deontological approach that looks to values and their transmission through time.
Parfit makes a similar argument against average utilitarian standards. If all we care about is average happiness, we are forced to conclude that an extremely small population, say ten people, over the course of human history is the best outcome if we assume that these ten people (Adam and Eve et al.) had lives happier than we could ever imagine. Then consider the case of American immigration. Presumably alien welfare is less than American, but the would-be alien benefits tremendously from leaving his homeland. Assume also that Americans benefit from immigration (at least in small amounts) because they get cheap labour, etc. Under immigration both groups are better off, but if this increase is offset by increase in the population, then average welfare is lower. Thus although everyone is better off, this is not the preferred outcome. Parfit asserts that this is simply absurd.
Parfit then discusses the identity of future generations. In Chapter 16 of Reasons and Persons he posits that one's existence is intimately related to the time and conditions of one's conception. He calls this "The Time-Dependence Claim": "If any particular person had not been conceived when he was in fact conceived, it is in fact true that he would never have existed".
Study of weather patterns and other physical phenomena in the 20th century has shown that very minor changes in conditions at time T have drastic effects at all times after T. Compare this to the romantic involvement of future childbearing partners. Any actions taken today, at time T, will affect who exists after only a few generations. For instance, a significant change in global environmental policy would shift the conditions of the conception process so much that after 300 years none of the same people that would have been born are in fact born. Different couples meet each other and conceive at different times, and so different people come into existence. This is known as the 'non-identity problem'.
We could thus craft disastrous policies that would be worse for nobody, because none of the same people would exist under the different policies. If we consider the moral ramifications of potential policies in person-affecting terms, we will have no reason to prefer a sound policy over an unsound one provided that its effects are not felt for a few generations. This is the non-identity problem in its purest form: the identity of future generations is causally dependent, in a very sensitive way, on the actions of the present generations.
Personal life
Parfit met Janet Radcliffe Richards in 1982, and they then began a relationship that lasted until his death. They married in 2010. Richards believes Parfit had Asperger syndrome.
Parfit supported effective altruism. He was a member of Giving What We Can and pledged to donate at least 10% of his income to effective charities.
Parfit was an avid photographer who regularly traveled to Venice and St. Petersburg to photograph architecture.
Selected works
1964: Eton Microcosm. Edited by Anthony Cheetham and Derek Parfit. London: Sidgwick & Jackson.
1971: "Personal Identity". Philosophical Review. vol. 80: 3–27.
1979: "Is Common-Sense Morality Self-Defeating?". The Journal of Philosophy, vol. 76, pp. 533–545, October.
1984: Reasons and Persons. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1992: "Against the social discount rate" (with Tyler Cowen), in Peter Laslett & James S. Fishkin (eds.) Justice between age groups and generations, New Haven: Yale University Press, pp. 144–161.
1997: "Reasons and Motivation". The Aristotelian Soc. Supp., vol. 77: 99–130.
2003:
2006: "Normativity", in Russ Shafer-Landau (ed.). Oxford Studies in Metaethics, vol. I. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
2011: On What Matters, vols. 1 and 2. Oxford University Press.
2017: On What Matters, vol. 3. Oxford University Press.
References
Further reading
Jussi Suikkanen and John Cottingham (Editors), Essays on Derek Parfit's On What Matters (Oxford, Wiley-Blackwell, 2009).
External links
Profile, All Souls College, Oxford
Derek Parfit: a bibliography. A complete bibliography of writings.
Parfit's Climbing the Mountain reading group on PEA Soup
1942 births
2017 deaths
20th-century English philosophers
21st-century English philosophers
Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford
Analytic philosophers
British ethicists
Columbia University alumni
Fellows of All Souls College, Oxford
Harkness Fellows
Harvard University staff
Meta-ethics
New York University faculty
People associated with effective altruism
People educated at Eton College
Philosophers of identity
Rolf Schock Prize laureates | [
"Derek Antony Parfit (; 11 December 1942 – 1 or 2 January 2017) was a British philosopher who specialised in personal identity, rationality, and ethics.",
"He is widely considered one of the most important and influential moral philosophers of the late 20th and early 21st centuries.",
"Parfit rose to prominence in 1971 with the publication of his first paper, \"Personal Identity\".",
"His first book, Reasons and Persons (1984), has been described as the most significant work of moral philosophy since the 1800s.",
"His second book, On What Matters (2011), was widely circulated and discussed for many years before its publication.",
"For his entire academic career, Parfit worked at Oxford University, where he was an Emeritus Senior Research Fellow at All Souls College at the time of his death.",
"He was also a visiting professor of philosophy at Harvard University, New York University, and Rutgers University.",
"He was awarded the 2014 Rolf Schock Prize \"for his groundbreaking contributions concerning personal identity, regard for future generations, and analysis of the structure of moral theories.\"",
"Early life and education\nParfit was born in 1942 in Chengdu, China, the son of Jessie (née Browne) and Norman Parfit, medical doctors who had moved to Western China to teach preventive medicine in missionary hospitals.",
"The family returned to the United Kingdom about a year after Parfit was born, settling in Oxford.",
"Parfit was educated at Eton College, where he was nearly always at the top of the regular rankings in every subject except maths.",
"From an early age, he endeavoured to become a poet, but he gave up poetry towards the end of his adolescence.",
"He then studied Modern History at Balliol College, Oxford, graduating in 1964.",
"In 1965–66 he was a Harkness Fellow at Columbia University and Harvard University.",
"He abandoned historical studies for philosophy during the fellowship.",
"Career\nParfit returned to Oxford to become a fellow of All Souls College, where he remained until he was 67, when the university’s mandatory retirement policy required him to leave both the college and the faculty of philosophy.",
"He retained his appointments as regular Visiting Professor at Harvard, NYU, and Rutgers until his death.",
"Ethics and rationality\n\nReasons and Persons \n\nIn Reasons and Persons, Parfit suggested that nonreligious ethics is a young and fertile field of inquiry.",
"He asked questions about which actions are right or wrong and shied away from meta-ethics, which focuses more on logic and language.",
"In Part I of Reasons and Persons Parfit discussed self-defeating moral theories, namely the self-interest theory of rationality (\"S\") and two ethical frameworks: common-sense morality and consequentialism.",
"He posited that self-interest has been dominant in Western culture for over two millennia, often making bedfellows with religious doctrine, which united self-interest and morality.",
"Because self-interest demands that we always make self-interest our supreme rational concern and instructs us to ensure that our whole life goes as well as possible, self-interest makes temporally neutral requirements.",
"Thus it would be irrational to act in ways that we know we would prefer later to undo.",
"As an example, it would be irrational for fourteen-year-olds to listen to loud music or get arrested for vandalism if they knew such actions would detract significantly from their future well-being and goals (such as having good hearing or an academic career in philosophy).",
"Most notably, the self-interest theory holds that it is irrational to commit any acts of self-denial or to act on desires that negatively affect our well-being.",
"One may consider an aspiring author whose strongest desire is to write a masterpiece but who, in doing so, suffers depression and lack of sleep.",
"Parfit argues that it is plausible that we have such desires which conflict with our own well-being, and that it is not necessarily irrational to act to fulfill these desires.",
"Aside from the initial appeal to plausibility of desires that do not directly contribute to one's life going well, Parfit contrived situations where self-interest is indirectly self-defeating—that is, it makes demands that it initially posits as irrational.",
"It does not fail on its own terms, but it does recommend adoption of an alternative framework of rationality.",
"For instance, it might be in my self-interest to become trustworthy to participate in mutually beneficial agreements, even though in maintaining the agreement I will be doing what will, other things being equal, be worse for me.",
"In many cases self-interest instructs us precisely not to follow self-interest, thus fitting the definition of an indirectly self-defeating theory.",
"Parfit contended that to be indirectly individually self-defeating and directly collectively self-defeating is not fatally damaging for S. To further bury self-interest, he exploited its partial relativity, juxtaposing temporally neutral demands against agent-centred demands.",
"The appeal to full relativity raises the question whether a theory can be consistently neutral in one sphere of actualisation but entirely partial in another.",
"Stripped of its commonly accepted shrouds of plausibility that can be shown to be inconsistent, self-interest can be judged on its own merits.",
"While Parfit did not offer an argument to dismiss S outright, his exposition lays self-interest bare and allows its own failings to show through.",
"It is defensible, but the defender must bite so many bullets that they might lose their credibility in the process.",
"Thus a new theory of rationality is necessary.",
"Parfit offered the \"critical present aim theory\", a broad catch-all that can be formulated to accommodate any competing theory.",
"He constructed critical present aim to exclude self-interest as our overriding rational concern and to allow the time of action to become critically important.",
"But he left open whether it should include \"to avoid acting wrongly\" as our highest concern.",
"Such an inclusion would pave the way for ethics.",
"Henry Sidgwick longed for the fusion of ethics and rationality, and while Parfit admitted that many would avoid acting irrationally more ardently than acting immorally, he could not construct an argument that adequately united the two.",
"Where self-interest puts too much emphasis on the separateness of persons, consequentialism fails to recognise the importance of bonds and emotional responses that come from allowing some people privileged positions in one's life.",
"If we were all pure do-gooders, perhaps following Sidgwick, that would not constitute the outcome that would maximise happiness.",
"It would be better if a small percentage of the population were pure do-gooders, but others acted out of love, etc.",
"Thus consequentialism too makes demands of agents that it initially deemed immoral; it fails not on its own terms, for it still demands the outcome that maximises total happiness, but does demand that each agent not always act as an impartial happiness promoter.",
"Consequentialism thus needs to be revised as well.",
"Self-interest and consequentialism fail indirectly, while common-sense morality is directly collectively self-defeating.",
"(So is self-interest, but self-interest is an individual theory.)",
"Parfit showed, using interesting examples and borrowing from Nashian games, that it would often be better for us all if we did not put the welfare of our loved ones before all else.",
"For example, we should care not only about our kids, but everyone's kids.",
"On What Matters \n\nIn his second book, Parfit argues for moral realism, insisting that moral questions have true and false answers.",
"Further, he suggests that the three most prominent categories of views in moral philosophy—Kantian deontology, consequentalism, and contractarianism (or contractualism)—converge on the same answers to moral questions.",
"In the book he argues that the affluent have strong moral obligations to the poor:\n\n\"One thing that greatly matters is the failure of we rich people to prevent, as we so easily could, much of the suffering and many of the early deaths of the poorest people in the world.",
"The money that we spend on an evening’s entertainment might instead save some poor person from death, blindness, or chronic and severe pain.",
"If we believe that, in our treatment of these poorest people, we are not acting wrongly, we are like those who believed that they were justified in having slaves.",
"Some of us ask how much of our wealth we rich people ought to give to these poorest people.",
"But that question wrongly assumes that our wealth is ours to give.",
"This wealth is legally ours.",
"But these poorest people have much stronger moral claims to some of this wealth.",
"We ought to transfer to these people [...] at least ten per cent of what we earn.\"",
"Criticism\n\nIn his book On Human Nature, Roger Scruton criticised Parfit's use of moral dilemmas such as the trolley problem and lifeboat ethics to support his ethical views, writing, \"These 'dilemmas' have the useful character of eliminating from the situation just about every morally relevant relationship and reducing the problem to one of arithmetic alone.\"",
"Scruton believes that many of them are deceptive; for example, he does not believe one must be a consequentialist to believe that it is morally required to pull the switch in the trolley problem, as Parfit assumes.",
"He instead suggests that more complex dilemmas, such as Anna Karenina's choice to leave her husband and child for Vronsky, are needed to fully express the differences between opposing ethical theories, and suggests that deontology is free of the problems that (in Scruton's view) beset Parfit's theory.",
"Personal identity\nParfit was singular in his meticulously rigorous and almost mathematical investigations into personal identity.",
"In some cases, he used examples seemingly inspired by Star Trek and other science fiction, such as the teletransporter, to explore our intuitions about our identity.",
"He was a reductionist, believing that since there is no adequate criterion of personal identity, people do not exist apart from their components.",
"Parfit argued that reality can be fully described impersonally: there need not be a determinate answer to the question \"Will I continue to exist?\"",
"We could know all the facts about a person's continued existence and not be able to say whether the person has survived.",
"He concluded that we are mistaken in assuming that personal identity is what matters in survival; what matters is rather Relation R: psychological connectedness (namely, of memory and character) and continuity (overlapping chains of strong connectedness).",
"On Parfit's account, individuals are nothing more than brains and bodies, but identity cannot be reduced to either.",
"(Parfit concedes that his theories rarely conflict with rival Reductionist theories in everyday life, and that the two are only brought to blows by the introduction of extraordinary examples, but he defends the use of such examples on the grounds that they arouse strong intuitions in many of us.)",
"Identity is not as determinate as we often suppose it is, but instead such determinacy arises mainly from the way we talk.",
"People exist in the same way that nations or clubs exist.",
"Following David Hume, Parfit argued that no unique entity, such as a self, unifies a person's experiences and dispositions over time.",
"Therefore personal identity is not \"what matters\" in survival.",
"A key Parfitian question is: given the choice between surviving without psychological continuity and connectedness (Relation R) and dying but preserving R through someone else's future existence, which would you choose?",
"Parfit argues the latter is preferable.",
"Parfit described his loss of belief in a separate self as liberating:\n\nCriticism of personal identity view\nFellow reductionist Mark Johnston of Princeton rejects Parfit's constitutive notion of identity with what he calls an \"Argument from Above\".",
"Johnston maintains, \"Even if the lower-level facts [that make up identity] do not in themselves matter, the higher-level fact may matter.",
"If it does, the lower-level facts will have derived significance.",
"They will matter, not in themselves, but because they constitute the higher level fact.\"",
"In this, Johnston moves to preserve the significance of personhood.",
"Parfit's explanation is that it is not personhood itself that matters, but rather the facts in which personhood consists that provide it with significance.",
"To illustrate this difference between himself and Johnston, Parfit used an illustration of a brain-damaged patient who becomes irreversibly unconscious.",
"The patient is certainly still alive even though that fact is separate from the fact that his heart is still beating and other organs are still functioning.",
"But the fact that the patient is alive is not an independent or separately obtaining fact.",
"The patient's being alive, even though irreversibly unconscious, simply consists in the other facts.",
"Parfit explains that from this so-called \"Argument from Below\" we can arbitrate the value of the heart and other organs still working without having to assign them derived significance, as Johnston's perspective would dictate.",
"The future\nIn part four of Reasons and Persons, Parfit discusses possible futures for the world.",
"Parfit discusses possible futures and population growth in Chapter 17 of Reasons and Persons.",
"He shows that both average and total utilitarianism result in unwelcome conclusions when applied to population.",
"In the section titled \"Overpopulation,\" Parfit distinguishes between average utilitarianism and total utilitarianism.",
"He formulates average utilitarianism in two ways.",
"One is what Parfit calls the \"Impersonal Average Principle\", which he formulates as \"If other things are equal, the best outcome is the one in which people's lives go, on average, best.\"",
"The other is what he calls the \"Hedonistic version\"; he formulates this as \"If other things are equal, the best outcome is the one in which there is the greatest average net sum of happiness, per life lived.\"",
"Parfit then gives two formulations of the total utilitarianism view.",
"The first formulation Parfit calls the \"Hedonistic version of the Impersonal Total Principle\": \"If other things are equal, the best outcome is the one in which there would be the greatest quantity of happiness—the greatest net sum of happiness minus misery.\"",
"He then describes the other formulation, the \"non-Hedonistic Impersonal Total Principle\": \"If other things are equal, the best outcome is the one in which there would be the greatest quantity of whatever makes life worth living.",
"Applying total utilitarian standards (absolute total happiness) to possible population growth and welfare leads to what he calls the repugnant conclusion: \"For any possible population of at least ten billion people, all with a very high quality of life, there must be some much larger imaginable population whose existence, if other things are equal, would be better, even though its members have lives that are barely worth living.\"",
"Parfit illustrates this with a simple thought experiment: imagine a choice between two possible futures.",
"In A, 10 billion people would live during the next generation, all with extremely happy lives, lives far happier than anyone's today.",
"In B, there are 20 billion people all living lives that, while slightly less happy than those in A, are still very happy.",
"Under total utility maximisation we should prefer B to A.",
"Therefore, through a regressive process of population increases and happiness decreases (in each pair of cases the happiness decrease is outweighed by the population increase) we are forced to prefer Z, a world of hundreds of billions of people all living lives barely worth living, to A.",
"Even if we do not hold that coming to exist can benefit someone, we still must at least admit that Z is no worse than A.",
"There have been a number of responses to Parfit's utilitarian calculus and his conclusion regarding future lives, including challenges to what life in the A-world would be like and whether life in the Z-world would differ very much from a normal privileged life; that movement from the A-world to the Z-world can be blocked by discontinuity; that rather than accepting the utilitarian premise of maximizing happiness, emphasis should be placed on the converse, minimizing suffering; challenging Parfit's teleological framework by arguing that \"better than\" is a transitive relation and removing the transitive axiom of the all-things-considered-better-than relation; proposing a minimal threshold of liberties and primary social goods to be distributed; and taking a deontological approach that looks to values and their transmission through time.",
"Parfit makes a similar argument against average utilitarian standards.",
"If all we care about is average happiness, we are forced to conclude that an extremely small population, say ten people, over the course of human history is the best outcome if we assume that these ten people (Adam and Eve et al.)",
"had lives happier than we could ever imagine.",
"Then consider the case of American immigration.",
"Presumably alien welfare is less than American, but the would-be alien benefits tremendously from leaving his homeland.",
"Assume also that Americans benefit from immigration (at least in small amounts) because they get cheap labour, etc.",
"Under immigration both groups are better off, but if this increase is offset by increase in the population, then average welfare is lower.",
"Thus although everyone is better off, this is not the preferred outcome.",
"Parfit asserts that this is simply absurd.",
"Parfit then discusses the identity of future generations.",
"In Chapter 16 of Reasons and Persons he posits that one's existence is intimately related to the time and conditions of one's conception.",
"He calls this \"The Time-Dependence Claim\": \"If any particular person had not been conceived when he was in fact conceived, it is in fact true that he would never have existed\".",
"Study of weather patterns and other physical phenomena in the 20th century has shown that very minor changes in conditions at time T have drastic effects at all times after T. Compare this to the romantic involvement of future childbearing partners.",
"Any actions taken today, at time T, will affect who exists after only a few generations.",
"For instance, a significant change in global environmental policy would shift the conditions of the conception process so much that after 300 years none of the same people that would have been born are in fact born.",
"Different couples meet each other and conceive at different times, and so different people come into existence.",
"This is known as the 'non-identity problem'.",
"We could thus craft disastrous policies that would be worse for nobody, because none of the same people would exist under the different policies.",
"If we consider the moral ramifications of potential policies in person-affecting terms, we will have no reason to prefer a sound policy over an unsound one provided that its effects are not felt for a few generations.",
"This is the non-identity problem in its purest form: the identity of future generations is causally dependent, in a very sensitive way, on the actions of the present generations.",
"Personal life\n\nParfit met Janet Radcliffe Richards in 1982, and they then began a relationship that lasted until his death.",
"They married in 2010.",
"Richards believes Parfit had Asperger syndrome.",
"Parfit supported effective altruism.",
"He was a member of Giving What We Can and pledged to donate at least 10% of his income to effective charities.",
"Parfit was an avid photographer who regularly traveled to Venice and St. Petersburg to photograph architecture.",
"Selected works\n1964: Eton Microcosm.",
"Edited by Anthony Cheetham and Derek Parfit.",
"London: Sidgwick & Jackson.",
"1971: \"Personal Identity\".",
"Philosophical Review.",
"vol.",
"80: 3–27.",
"1979: \"Is Common-Sense Morality Self-Defeating?\".",
"The Journal of Philosophy, vol.",
"76, pp.",
"533–545, October.",
"1984: Reasons and Persons.",
"Oxford: Clarendon Press.",
"1992: \"Against the social discount rate\" (with Tyler Cowen), in Peter Laslett & James S. Fishkin (eds.)",
"Justice between age groups and generations, New Haven: Yale University Press, pp.",
"144–161.",
"1997: \"Reasons and Motivation\".",
"The Aristotelian Soc.",
"Supp., vol.",
"77: 99–130.",
"2003: \n2006: \"Normativity\", in Russ Shafer-Landau (ed.).",
"Oxford Studies in Metaethics, vol.",
"I. Oxford: Clarendon Press.",
"2011: On What Matters, vols.",
"1 and 2.",
"Oxford University Press.",
"2017: On What Matters, vol.",
"3.",
"Oxford University Press.",
"References\n\nFurther reading\n Jussi Suikkanen and John Cottingham (Editors), Essays on Derek Parfit's On What Matters (Oxford, Wiley-Blackwell, 2009).",
"External links\n\nProfile, All Souls College, Oxford\nDerek Parfit: a bibliography.",
"A complete bibliography of writings.",
"Parfit's Climbing the Mountain reading group on PEA Soup\n\n1942 births\n2017 deaths\n20th-century English philosophers\n21st-century English philosophers\nAlumni of Balliol College, Oxford\nAnalytic philosophers\nBritish ethicists\nColumbia University alumni\nFellows of All Souls College, Oxford\nHarkness Fellows\nHarvard University staff\nMeta-ethics\nNew York University faculty\nPeople associated with effective altruism\nPeople educated at Eton College\nPhilosophers of identity\nRolf Schock Prize laureates"
] | [
"Parfit was a British philosopher who specialized in personal identity, rationality, and ethics.",
"He is one of the most influential moral philosophers of the 20th and 21st century.",
"In 1971 Parfit published his first paper, \"Personal Identity\".",
"Reasons and Persons is the most significant work of moral philosophy since the 1800s.",
"His second book, On What Matters, was discussed for a long time before it was published.",
"At the time of his death, Parfit was a Senior Research Fellow at All Souls College, where he had worked for his entire academic career.",
"He taught at Harvard University, New York University, and Rutgers University.",
"He was awarded the Rolf Schock Prize for his \"groundbreaking contributions concerning personal identity, regard for future generations, and analysis of the structure of moral theories.\"",
"Parfit was born in 1942 in China, the son of doctors who had moved to Western China to teach preventive medicine in missionary hospitals.",
"After Parfit was born, the family returned to the UK.",
"At the top of the regular rankings in every subject except mathematics, Parfit was always at the top.",
"He tried to become a poet but stopped at the end of his adolescence.",
"He graduated from Balliol College in 1964.",
"He was a Harkness Fellow at Columbia University.",
"During the fellowship, he stopped studying historical studies for philosophy.",
"When the university's mandatory retirement policy forced him to leave both the college and the faculty of philosophy, Career Parfit returned to Oxford to become a fellow of All Souls College.",
"He was a Visiting Professor at Harvard, NYU, and Rutgers.",
"Parfit suggested that non religious ethics is a young and fertile field of inquiry.",
"He shied away from meta-ethics because he asked questions about which actions were right or wrong.",
"Common-sense morality and consequentialism were discussed in Part I of Reasons and Persons Parfit.",
"He said that self-interest has been dominant in Western culture for over two millennia, making bedfellows with religious doctrine, which united self-interest and morality.",
"Self-interest makes temporally neutral requirements because it demands that we always make self-interest our supreme rational concern and instructs us to ensure that our whole life goes as well as possible.",
"It would be irrational to act in ways we don't want to.",
"It would be irrational for fourteen-year-olds to listen to loud music or get arrested for vandals if they knew that their actions would affect their future well-being and goals, such as having good hearing or an academic career in philosophy.",
"The self-interest theory states that it is irrational to act on desires that affect our well-being.",
"An aspiring author with a strong desire to write a masterpiece but who suffers from depression and lack of sleep may be considered.",
"Parfit believes that it is possible that we have desires which conflict with our own well-being, and that it is not irrational to act to fulfill them.",
"Parfit contrived situations where self-interest is indirectly self-defeating because of the initial appeal to plausibility of desires that do not directly contribute to one's life going well.",
"It does recommend the adoption of an alternative framework of rationality.",
"Even though I will be doing what will, other things being equal, be worse for me, it might be in my self-interest to become trustworthy to participate in mutually beneficial agreements, even though I will be doing what will, other things being equal, be worse for me.",
"The definition of an indirectly self-defeating theory is that self-interest instructs us not to follow it.",
"Parfit claimed that to be individually self-defeating and collectively self-defeating is not detrimental to S.",
"The question of whether a theory can be completely neutral in one sphere of actualisation but completely partial in another is raised by the appeal to full relativity.",
"Stripped of its commonly accepted shrouds of plausibility that can be shown to be inconsistent, self-interest can be judged on its own merits.",
"Parfit's exposition lays bare the self-interest of S and allows it to show through.",
"The defender might lose their credibility if they bite too many bullets.",
"There is a need for a new theory of rationality.",
"The critical present aim theory is a broad catch-all that can be formulated to accommodate any competing theory.",
"He created a critical present aim to exclude self-interest and allow the time of action to be critically important.",
"He left open the possibility of including \"to avoid acting wrongly\" as our highest concern.",
"The way for ethics would be paved by such an inclusion.",
"While Parfit admitted that many would avoid acting irrationally more ardently than immorally, he could not build an argument that adequately united the two.",
"When self-interest puts too much emphasis on the separateness of persons, consequentialism fails to recognize the importance of bonds and emotional responses that come from allowing some people privileged positions in one's life.",
"If we were all pure do-gooders, it wouldn't make sense to follow Sidgwick.",
"It would be better if a small percentage of the population were pure do-gooders.",
"It fails not on its own terms for consequentialism to still demand the outcome that maximises total happiness, but it does demand that each agent not always act as an impartial happiness promoter.",
"Consequentialism needs to be revised as well.",
"Common-sense morality is self-defeating, while self-interest and consequentialism fail indirectly.",
"Self-interest is an individual theory.",
"Parfit showed that it would be better for everyone if we put the welfare of our loved ones first.",
"We should care about everyone's kids.",
"Parfit argues in his second book that moral questions have true and false answers.",
"He suggests that the three most prominent categories of views in moral philosophy all have the same answers to moral questions.",
"The failure of rich people to prevent the suffering and deaths of the poor in the world is one thing that matters, according to the book.",
"Some poor person might be saved from death, blindness, or chronic and severe pain by the money we spend on entertainment.",
"We are like those who believed that they were justified in having slaves if we believe that we are not acting wrongly.",
"How much of our wealth should we give to the poor?",
"The question assumes that our wealth is ours to give.",
"This wealth is ours.",
"The poor have stronger moral claims to some of the wealth.",
"We should transfer at least 10% of what we earn to these people.",
"In his book On Human Nature, Roger Scruton criticized Parfit's use of moral dilemmas such as the trolley problem and lifeboat ethics to support his ethical views, writing, \"These 'dilemmas' have the useful character of eliminating from the situation just about every morally relevant relationship",
"Scruton does not believe that one must be a consequentialist to believe that it is morally required to pull the switch in the trolley problem.",
"He suggests that Anna Karenina's choice to leave her husband and child for Vronsky is needed to fully express the differences between ethical theories.",
"In his investigations into personal identity, Parfit was singular.",
"Examples seemingly inspired by Star Trek and other science fiction, such as the teletransporter, were used to explore our intuitions about our identity.",
"He believed that people do not exist apart from their components because there is no adequate criterion of personal identity.",
"Parfit argued that reality can be described as impersonally as possible.",
"We don't know if the person has survived because we don't know all the facts.",
"He concluded that we are mistaken in assuming that personal identity is the most important factor in survival.",
"On Parfit's account, individuals are just brains and bodies, but identity cannot be reduced to either.",
"Parfit concedes that his theories rarely conflict with rival Reductionist theories in everyday life, and that the two are only brought to blows by the introduction of extraordinary examples, but he defends the use of such examples on the grounds that they arouse strong intuitions in many of us.",
"Identity is not as determined as we think it is, but it is determined by the way we talk.",
"People are the same as nations or clubs.",
"Parfit argued that no single entity, such as a self, could unify a person's experiences over time.",
"Personal identity is not important in survival.",
"The Parfitian question is: given the choice between survival without psychological continuity and connectedness and dying but preserving R through someone else's future existence, which would you choose?",
"Parfit thinks the latter is better.",
"Parfit described his loss of belief in a separate self as freeing.",
"Even if the lower-level facts that make up identity do not matter, the higher-level fact may.",
"The lower-level facts will have significance if it does.",
"They will matter, not in themselves, but because they are the higher level fact.",
"The significance of personhood is being preserved.",
"The facts in which personhood consists that provide it with significance is what Parfit's explanation is about.",
"An illustration of a brain-damaged patient who becomes irreversibly unconscious was used by Parfit.",
"The fact that the patient is still alive is separate from the fact that his heart is still beating and other organs are still functioning.",
"The fact that the patient is alive is not a separate fact.",
"Even though the patient is irreversibly unconscious, he is still alive because of the other facts.",
"The \"Argument from Below\" can be used to determine the value of the heart and other organs without having to assign significance to them.",
"Parfit talks about possible futures for the world.",
"Chapter 17 of Reasons and Persons contains a discussion about futures and population growth.",
"He shows that both average and total utilitarianism result in bad conclusions when applied to the population.",
"Parfit distinguishes between average and total utilitarianism in the section.",
"There are two ways in which he formulates average utilitarianism.",
"\"If other things are equal, the best outcome is the one in which people's lives go, on average, best,\" says Parfit.",
"\"If other things are equal, the best outcome is the one in which there is the greatest average net sum of happiness, per life lived,\" he says.",
"Parfit gives two different views of the view.",
"\"If other things are equal, the best outcome is the one in which there would be the greatest quantity of happiness, minus misery,\" says Parfit.",
"\"If other things are equal, the best outcome is the one in which there would be the greatest quantity of whatever makes life worth living,\" he says.",
"The repugnant conclusion is that for any population of at least ten billion people with a very high quality of life, there must be some much larger population.",
"Imagine a choice between two futures.",
"In A, 10 billion people would live and all of them would be happy.",
"While slightly less happy than those in A, 20 billion people in B are still very happy.",
"We should prefer B to A under total utility maximisation.",
"We are forced to prefer Z, a world of hundreds of billions of people all living lives barely worth living, to A because of the process of population increases and happiness decreases.",
"We must at least admit that Z is no worse than A if we don't hold that coming to exist can benefit someone.",
"There are challenges to what life in the A-world would be like and whether life in the Z-world would be very different from a normal privileged life.",
"Parfit makes a similar argument.",
"If all we care about is average happiness, we are forced to conclude that an extremely small population, say ten people, over the course of human history is the best outcome.",
"Lives were happier than we could have imagined.",
"Consider the case of American immigration.",
"The would-be alien benefits greatly from leaving his homeland.",
"Americans benefit from immigration because they get cheap labour.",
"If the increase in population is offset by the increase in immigration, the average welfare is lower.",
"Although everyone is better off, this is not the preferred outcome.",
"Parfit believes that this is ridiculous.",
"The identity of future generations is discussed by Parfit.",
"One's existence is related to the time and conditions of one's conception, according to Chapter 16 of Reasons and Persons.",
"He claims that if a person hadn't been conceived when he was, he wouldn't have existed.",
"The study of weather patterns and other physical phenomena in the 20th century shows that very minor changes in conditions at time T have drastic effects after T.",
"After a few generations, any actions taken today will affect who exists.",
"A change in global environmental policy would change the conditions of the conception process so much that after 300 years, no one of the same sex would have been born.",
"Different couples meet each other and have babies at different times.",
"The problem is known as the non-identity problem.",
"We could make policies that would be worse for everyone, because no one would be the same under the different policies.",
"If we consider the moral ramifications of potential policies in person-affecting terms, we will have no reason to prefer a sound policy over an unsound one.",
"The identity of future generations is dependent on the actions of the present generations.",
"The relationship between Parfit and Janet Richards lasted until his death.",
"They were married in 2010.",
"Richards thinks Parfit had a neurological condition.",
"Effective altruism was supported by Parfit.",
"He pledged to give at least 10% of his income to charities when he joined Giving What We Can.",
"Parfit frequently traveled to Venice and St. Petersburg to take pictures of architecture.",
"The works were selected for 1964: Eton Microcosm.",
"It was edited by Anthony Cheetham.",
"Sidgwick and Jackson were in London.",
"\"Personal Identity\" was written in 1971.",
"A review of philosophy.",
"vol.",
"80: 7.",
"\"Is Common-Sense Morality Self-Defeating?\" was written in 1979.",
"The Journal of Philosophy is a journal.",
"pp.",
"October.",
"Reasons and people.",
"Clarendon Press is in Oxford.",
"\"Against the social discount rate\" was written in 1992.",
"New Haven: Yale University Press, pp.",
"149–161.",
"\"Reasons and Motivation\" was written in 1997.",
"The organization of the Aristotelian.",
"There is a Supp., vol.",
"99–130.",
"\"Normativity\" was written in Russ Shafer-Landau.",
"Oxford Studies in Metaethics is a book.",
"Clarendon Press is in Oxford.",
"On What Matters was published in 2011.",
"There are 1 and 2.",
"Oxford University Press.",
"In 2017: On What Matters.",
"3.",
"Oxford University Press.",
"Essays on What Matters was written by Jussi Suikkanen and John Cottingham.",
"All Souls College, Oxford, has a profile.",
"A list of writings.",
"20th-century English philosophers Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford Analytic philosophers, British ethicists and Harvard University staff are some of the people who have died in the last year."
] | <mask> (; 11 December 1942 – 1 or 2 January 2017) was a British philosopher who specialised in personal identity, rationality, and ethics. He is widely considered one of the most important and influential moral philosophers of the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Parfit rose to prominence in 1971 with the publication of his first paper, "Personal Identity". His first book, Reasons and Persons (1984), has been described as the most significant work of moral philosophy since the 1800s. His second book, On What Matters (2011), was widely circulated and discussed for many years before its publication. For his entire academic career, Parfit worked at Oxford University, where he was an Emeritus Senior Research Fellow at All Souls College at the time of his death. He was also a visiting professor of philosophy at Harvard University, New York University, and Rutgers University.He was awarded the 2014 Rolf Schock Prize "for his groundbreaking contributions concerning personal identity, regard for future generations, and analysis of the structure of moral theories." Early life and education
Parfit was born in 1942 in Chengdu, China, the son of Jessie (née Browne) and Norman Parfit, medical doctors who had moved to Western China to teach preventive medicine in missionary hospitals. The family returned to the United Kingdom about a year after Parfit was born, settling in Oxford. Parfit was educated at Eton College, where he was nearly always at the top of the regular rankings in every subject except maths. From an early age, he endeavoured to become a poet, but he gave up poetry towards the end of his adolescence. He then studied Modern History at Balliol College, Oxford, graduating in 1964. In 1965–66 he was a Harkness Fellow at Columbia University and Harvard University.He abandoned historical studies for philosophy during the fellowship. Career
Parfit returned to Oxford to become a fellow of All Souls College, where he remained until he was 67, when the university’s mandatory retirement policy required him to leave both the college and the faculty of philosophy. He retained his appointments as regular Visiting Professor at Harvard, NYU, and Rutgers until his death. Ethics and rationality
Reasons and Persons
In Reasons and Persons, Parfit suggested that nonreligious ethics is a young and fertile field of inquiry. He asked questions about which actions are right or wrong and shied away from meta-ethics, which focuses more on logic and language. In Part I of Reasons and Persons Parfit discussed self-defeating moral theories, namely the self-interest theory of rationality ("S") and two ethical frameworks: common-sense morality and consequentialism. He posited that self-interest has been dominant in Western culture for over two millennia, often making bedfellows with religious doctrine, which united self-interest and morality.Because self-interest demands that we always make self-interest our supreme rational concern and instructs us to ensure that our whole life goes as well as possible, self-interest makes temporally neutral requirements. Thus it would be irrational to act in ways that we know we would prefer later to undo. As an example, it would be irrational for fourteen-year-olds to listen to loud music or get arrested for vandalism if they knew such actions would detract significantly from their future well-being and goals (such as having good hearing or an academic career in philosophy). Most notably, the self-interest theory holds that it is irrational to commit any acts of self-denial or to act on desires that negatively affect our well-being. One may consider an aspiring author whose strongest desire is to write a masterpiece but who, in doing so, suffers depression and lack of sleep. Parfit argues that it is plausible that we have such desires which conflict with our own well-being, and that it is not necessarily irrational to act to fulfill these desires. Aside from the initial appeal to plausibility of desires that do not directly contribute to one's life going well, Parfit contrived situations where self-interest is indirectly self-defeating—that is, it makes demands that it initially posits as irrational.It does not fail on its own terms, but it does recommend adoption of an alternative framework of rationality. For instance, it might be in my self-interest to become trustworthy to participate in mutually beneficial agreements, even though in maintaining the agreement I will be doing what will, other things being equal, be worse for me. In many cases self-interest instructs us precisely not to follow self-interest, thus fitting the definition of an indirectly self-defeating theory. Parfit contended that to be indirectly individually self-defeating and directly collectively self-defeating is not fatally damaging for S. To further bury self-interest, he exploited its partial relativity, juxtaposing temporally neutral demands against agent-centred demands. The appeal to full relativity raises the question whether a theory can be consistently neutral in one sphere of actualisation but entirely partial in another. Stripped of its commonly accepted shrouds of plausibility that can be shown to be inconsistent, self-interest can be judged on its own merits. While Parfit did not offer an argument to dismiss S outright, his exposition lays self-interest bare and allows its own failings to show through.It is defensible, but the defender must bite so many bullets that they might lose their credibility in the process. Thus a new theory of rationality is necessary. Parfit offered the "critical present aim theory", a broad catch-all that can be formulated to accommodate any competing theory. He constructed critical present aim to exclude self-interest as our overriding rational concern and to allow the time of action to become critically important. But he left open whether it should include "to avoid acting wrongly" as our highest concern. Such an inclusion would pave the way for ethics. Henry Sidgwick longed for the fusion of ethics and rationality, and while Parfit admitted that many would avoid acting irrationally more ardently than acting immorally, he could not construct an argument that adequately united the two.Where self-interest puts too much emphasis on the separateness of persons, consequentialism fails to recognise the importance of bonds and emotional responses that come from allowing some people privileged positions in one's life. If we were all pure do-gooders, perhaps following Sidgwick, that would not constitute the outcome that would maximise happiness. It would be better if a small percentage of the population were pure do-gooders, but others acted out of love, etc. Thus consequentialism too makes demands of agents that it initially deemed immoral; it fails not on its own terms, for it still demands the outcome that maximises total happiness, but does demand that each agent not always act as an impartial happiness promoter. Consequentialism thus needs to be revised as well. Self-interest and consequentialism fail indirectly, while common-sense morality is directly collectively self-defeating. (So is self-interest, but self-interest is an individual theory.)Parfit showed, using interesting examples and borrowing from Nashian games, that it would often be better for us all if we did not put the welfare of our loved ones before all else. For example, we should care not only about our kids, but everyone's kids. On What Matters
In his second book, Parfit argues for moral realism, insisting that moral questions have true and false answers. Further, he suggests that the three most prominent categories of views in moral philosophy—Kantian deontology, consequentalism, and contractarianism (or contractualism)—converge on the same answers to moral questions. In the book he argues that the affluent have strong moral obligations to the poor:
"One thing that greatly matters is the failure of we rich people to prevent, as we so easily could, much of the suffering and many of the early deaths of the poorest people in the world. The money that we spend on an evening’s entertainment might instead save some poor person from death, blindness, or chronic and severe pain. If we believe that, in our treatment of these poorest people, we are not acting wrongly, we are like those who believed that they were justified in having slaves.Some of us ask how much of our wealth we rich people ought to give to these poorest people. But that question wrongly assumes that our wealth is ours to give. This wealth is legally ours. But these poorest people have much stronger moral claims to some of this wealth. We ought to transfer to these people [...] at least ten per cent of what we earn." Criticism
In his book On Human Nature, Roger Scruton criticised Parfit's use of moral dilemmas such as the trolley problem and lifeboat ethics to support his ethical views, writing, "These 'dilemmas' have the useful character of eliminating from the situation just about every morally relevant relationship and reducing the problem to one of arithmetic alone." Scruton believes that many of them are deceptive; for example, he does not believe one must be a consequentialist to believe that it is morally required to pull the switch in the trolley problem, as Parfit assumes.He instead suggests that more complex dilemmas, such as Anna Karenina's choice to leave her husband and child for Vronsky, are needed to fully express the differences between opposing ethical theories, and suggests that deontology is free of the problems that (in Scruton's view) beset Parfit's theory. Personal identity
Parfit was singular in his meticulously rigorous and almost mathematical investigations into personal identity. In some cases, he used examples seemingly inspired by Star Trek and other science fiction, such as the teletransporter, to explore our intuitions about our identity. He was a reductionist, believing that since there is no adequate criterion of personal identity, people do not exist apart from their components. Parfit argued that reality can be fully described impersonally: there need not be a determinate answer to the question "Will I continue to exist?" We could know all the facts about a person's continued existence and not be able to say whether the person has survived. He concluded that we are mistaken in assuming that personal identity is what matters in survival; what matters is rather Relation R: psychological connectedness (namely, of memory and character) and continuity (overlapping chains of strong connectedness).On Parfit's account, individuals are nothing more than brains and bodies, but identity cannot be reduced to either. (Parfit concedes that his theories rarely conflict with rival Reductionist theories in everyday life, and that the two are only brought to blows by the introduction of extraordinary examples, but he defends the use of such examples on the grounds that they arouse strong intuitions in many of us.) Identity is not as determinate as we often suppose it is, but instead such determinacy arises mainly from the way we talk. People exist in the same way that nations or clubs exist. Following David Hume, Parfit argued that no unique entity, such as a self, unifies a person's experiences and dispositions over time. Therefore personal identity is not "what matters" in survival. A key Parfitian question is: given the choice between surviving without psychological continuity and connectedness (Relation R) and dying but preserving R through someone else's future existence, which would you choose?Parfit argues the latter is preferable. Parfit described his loss of belief in a separate self as liberating:
Criticism of personal identity view
Fellow reductionist Mark Johnston of Princeton rejects Parfit's constitutive notion of identity with what he calls an "Argument from Above". Johnston maintains, "Even if the lower-level facts [that make up identity] do not in themselves matter, the higher-level fact may matter. If it does, the lower-level facts will have derived significance. They will matter, not in themselves, but because they constitute the higher level fact." In this, Johnston moves to preserve the significance of personhood. Parfit's explanation is that it is not personhood itself that matters, but rather the facts in which personhood consists that provide it with significance.To illustrate this difference between himself and Johnston, Parfit used an illustration of a brain-damaged patient who becomes irreversibly unconscious. The patient is certainly still alive even though that fact is separate from the fact that his heart is still beating and other organs are still functioning. But the fact that the patient is alive is not an independent or separately obtaining fact. The patient's being alive, even though irreversibly unconscious, simply consists in the other facts. Parfit explains that from this so-called "Argument from Below" we can arbitrate the value of the heart and other organs still working without having to assign them derived significance, as Johnston's perspective would dictate. The future
In part four of Reasons and Persons, Parfit discusses possible futures for the world. Parfit discusses possible futures and population growth in Chapter 17 of Reasons and Persons.He shows that both average and total utilitarianism result in unwelcome conclusions when applied to population. In the section titled "Overpopulation," Parfit distinguishes between average utilitarianism and total utilitarianism. He formulates average utilitarianism in two ways. One is what Parfit calls the "Impersonal Average Principle", which he formulates as "If other things are equal, the best outcome is the one in which people's lives go, on average, best." The other is what he calls the "Hedonistic version"; he formulates this as "If other things are equal, the best outcome is the one in which there is the greatest average net sum of happiness, per life lived." Parfit then gives two formulations of the total utilitarianism view. The first formulation Parfit calls the "Hedonistic version of the Impersonal Total Principle": "If other things are equal, the best outcome is the one in which there would be the greatest quantity of happiness—the greatest net sum of happiness minus misery."He then describes the other formulation, the "non-Hedonistic Impersonal Total Principle": "If other things are equal, the best outcome is the one in which there would be the greatest quantity of whatever makes life worth living. Applying total utilitarian standards (absolute total happiness) to possible population growth and welfare leads to what he calls the repugnant conclusion: "For any possible population of at least ten billion people, all with a very high quality of life, there must be some much larger imaginable population whose existence, if other things are equal, would be better, even though its members have lives that are barely worth living." Parfit illustrates this with a simple thought experiment: imagine a choice between two possible futures. In A, 10 billion people would live during the next generation, all with extremely happy lives, lives far happier than anyone's today. In B, there are 20 billion people all living lives that, while slightly less happy than those in A, are still very happy. Under total utility maximisation we should prefer B to A. Therefore, through a regressive process of population increases and happiness decreases (in each pair of cases the happiness decrease is outweighed by the population increase) we are forced to prefer Z, a world of hundreds of billions of people all living lives barely worth living, to A.Even if we do not hold that coming to exist can benefit someone, we still must at least admit that Z is no worse than A. There have been a number of responses to Parfit's utilitarian calculus and his conclusion regarding future lives, including challenges to what life in the A-world would be like and whether life in the Z-world would differ very much from a normal privileged life; that movement from the A-world to the Z-world can be blocked by discontinuity; that rather than accepting the utilitarian premise of maximizing happiness, emphasis should be placed on the converse, minimizing suffering; challenging Parfit's teleological framework by arguing that "better than" is a transitive relation and removing the transitive axiom of the all-things-considered-better-than relation; proposing a minimal threshold of liberties and primary social goods to be distributed; and taking a deontological approach that looks to values and their transmission through time. Parfit makes a similar argument against average utilitarian standards. If all we care about is average happiness, we are forced to conclude that an extremely small population, say ten people, over the course of human history is the best outcome if we assume that these ten people (Adam and Eve et al.) had lives happier than we could ever imagine. Then consider the case of American immigration. Presumably alien welfare is less than American, but the would-be alien benefits tremendously from leaving his homeland.Assume also that Americans benefit from immigration (at least in small amounts) because they get cheap labour, etc. Under immigration both groups are better off, but if this increase is offset by increase in the population, then average welfare is lower. Thus although everyone is better off, this is not the preferred outcome. Parfit asserts that this is simply absurd. Parfit then discusses the identity of future generations. In Chapter 16 of Reasons and Persons he posits that one's existence is intimately related to the time and conditions of one's conception. He calls this "The Time-Dependence Claim": "If any particular person had not been conceived when he was in fact conceived, it is in fact true that he would never have existed".Study of weather patterns and other physical phenomena in the 20th century has shown that very minor changes in conditions at time T have drastic effects at all times after T. Compare this to the romantic involvement of future childbearing partners. Any actions taken today, at time T, will affect who exists after only a few generations. For instance, a significant change in global environmental policy would shift the conditions of the conception process so much that after 300 years none of the same people that would have been born are in fact born. Different couples meet each other and conceive at different times, and so different people come into existence. This is known as the 'non-identity problem'. We could thus craft disastrous policies that would be worse for nobody, because none of the same people would exist under the different policies. If we consider the moral ramifications of potential policies in person-affecting terms, we will have no reason to prefer a sound policy over an unsound one provided that its effects are not felt for a few generations.This is the non-identity problem in its purest form: the identity of future generations is causally dependent, in a very sensitive way, on the actions of the present generations. Personal life
Parfit met Janet Radcliffe Richards in 1982, and they then began a relationship that lasted until his death. They married in 2010. Richards believes Parfit had Asperger syndrome. Parfit supported effective altruism. He was a member of Giving What We Can and pledged to donate at least 10% of his income to effective charities. Parfit was an avid photographer who regularly traveled to Venice and St. Petersburg to photograph architecture.Selected works
1964: Eton Microcosm. Edited by Anthony Cheetham and <mask>. London: Sidgwick & Jackson. 1971: "Personal Identity". Philosophical Review. vol. 80: 3–27.1979: "Is Common-Sense Morality Self-Defeating?". The Journal of Philosophy, vol. 76, pp. 533–545, October. 1984: Reasons and Persons. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1992: "Against the social discount rate" (with Tyler Cowen), in Peter Laslett & James S. Fishkin (eds.)Justice between age groups and generations, New Haven: Yale University Press, pp. 144–161. 1997: "Reasons and Motivation". The Aristotelian Soc. Supp., vol. 77: 99–130. 2003:
2006: "Normativity", in Russ Shafer-Landau (ed.).Oxford Studies in Metaethics, vol. I. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 2011: On What Matters, vols. 1 and 2. Oxford University Press. 2017: On What Matters, vol. 3.Oxford University Press. References
Further reading
Jussi Suikkanen and John Cottingham (Editors), Essays on <mask>'s On What Matters (Oxford, Wiley-Blackwell, 2009). External links
Profile, All Souls College, Oxford
<mask>rfit: a bibliography. A complete bibliography of writings. Parfit's Climbing the Mountain reading group on PEA Soup
1942 births
2017 deaths
20th-century English philosophers
21st-century English philosophers
Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford
Analytic philosophers
British ethicists
Columbia University alumni
Fellows of All Souls College, Oxford
Harkness Fellows
Harvard University staff
Meta-ethics
New York University faculty
People associated with effective altruism
People educated at Eton College
Philosophers of identity
Rolf Schock Prize laureates | [
"Derek Antony Parfit",
"Derek Parfit",
"Derek Parfit",
"Derek Pa"
] | <mask> was a British philosopher who specialized in personal identity, rationality, and ethics. He is one of the most influential moral philosophers of the 20th and 21st century. In 1971 Parfit published his first paper, "Personal Identity". Reasons and Persons is the most significant work of moral philosophy since the 1800s. His second book, On What Matters, was discussed for a long time before it was published. At the time of his death, Parfit was a Senior Research Fellow at All Souls College, where he had worked for his entire academic career. He taught at Harvard University, New York University, and Rutgers University.He was awarded the Rolf Schock Prize for his "groundbreaking contributions concerning personal identity, regard for future generations, and analysis of the structure of moral theories." Parfit was born in 1942 in China, the son of doctors who had moved to Western China to teach preventive medicine in missionary hospitals. After Parfit was born, the family returned to the UK. At the top of the regular rankings in every subject except mathematics, Parfit was always at the top. He tried to become a poet but stopped at the end of his adolescence. He graduated from Balliol College in 1964. He was a Harkness Fellow at Columbia University.During the fellowship, he stopped studying historical studies for philosophy. When the university's mandatory retirement policy forced him to leave both the college and the faculty of philosophy, Career Parfit returned to Oxford to become a fellow of All Souls College. He was a Visiting Professor at Harvard, NYU, and Rutgers. Parfit suggested that non religious ethics is a young and fertile field of inquiry. He shied away from meta-ethics because he asked questions about which actions were right or wrong. Common-sense morality and consequentialism were discussed in Part I of Reasons and Persons Parfit. He said that self-interest has been dominant in Western culture for over two millennia, making bedfellows with religious doctrine, which united self-interest and morality.Self-interest makes temporally neutral requirements because it demands that we always make self-interest our supreme rational concern and instructs us to ensure that our whole life goes as well as possible. It would be irrational to act in ways we don't want to. It would be irrational for fourteen-year-olds to listen to loud music or get arrested for vandals if they knew that their actions would affect their future well-being and goals, such as having good hearing or an academic career in philosophy. The self-interest theory states that it is irrational to act on desires that affect our well-being. An aspiring author with a strong desire to write a masterpiece but who suffers from depression and lack of sleep may be considered. Parfit believes that it is possible that we have desires which conflict with our own well-being, and that it is not irrational to act to fulfill them. Parfit contrived situations where self-interest is indirectly self-defeating because of the initial appeal to plausibility of desires that do not directly contribute to one's life going well.It does recommend the adoption of an alternative framework of rationality. Even though I will be doing what will, other things being equal, be worse for me, it might be in my self-interest to become trustworthy to participate in mutually beneficial agreements, even though I will be doing what will, other things being equal, be worse for me. The definition of an indirectly self-defeating theory is that self-interest instructs us not to follow it. Parfit claimed that to be individually self-defeating and collectively self-defeating is not detrimental to S. The question of whether a theory can be completely neutral in one sphere of actualisation but completely partial in another is raised by the appeal to full relativity. Stripped of its commonly accepted shrouds of plausibility that can be shown to be inconsistent, self-interest can be judged on its own merits. Parfit's exposition lays bare the self-interest of S and allows it to show through.The defender might lose their credibility if they bite too many bullets. There is a need for a new theory of rationality. The critical present aim theory is a broad catch-all that can be formulated to accommodate any competing theory. He created a critical present aim to exclude self-interest and allow the time of action to be critically important. He left open the possibility of including "to avoid acting wrongly" as our highest concern. The way for ethics would be paved by such an inclusion. While Parfit admitted that many would avoid acting irrationally more ardently than immorally, he could not build an argument that adequately united the two.When self-interest puts too much emphasis on the separateness of persons, consequentialism fails to recognize the importance of bonds and emotional responses that come from allowing some people privileged positions in one's life. If we were all pure do-gooders, it wouldn't make sense to follow Sidgwick. It would be better if a small percentage of the population were pure do-gooders. It fails not on its own terms for consequentialism to still demand the outcome that maximises total happiness, but it does demand that each agent not always act as an impartial happiness promoter. Consequentialism needs to be revised as well. Common-sense morality is self-defeating, while self-interest and consequentialism fail indirectly. Self-interest is an individual theory.Parfit showed that it would be better for everyone if we put the welfare of our loved ones first. We should care about everyone's kids. Parfit argues in his second book that moral questions have true and false answers. He suggests that the three most prominent categories of views in moral philosophy all have the same answers to moral questions. The failure of rich people to prevent the suffering and deaths of the poor in the world is one thing that matters, according to the book. Some poor person might be saved from death, blindness, or chronic and severe pain by the money we spend on entertainment. We are like those who believed that they were justified in having slaves if we believe that we are not acting wrongly.How much of our wealth should we give to the poor? The question assumes that our wealth is ours to give. This wealth is ours. The poor have stronger moral claims to some of the wealth. We should transfer at least 10% of what we earn to these people. In his book On Human Nature, Roger Scruton criticized Parfit's use of moral dilemmas such as the trolley problem and lifeboat ethics to support his ethical views, writing, "These 'dilemmas' have the useful character of eliminating from the situation just about every morally relevant relationship Scruton does not believe that one must be a consequentialist to believe that it is morally required to pull the switch in the trolley problem.He suggests that Anna Karenina's choice to leave her husband and child for Vronsky is needed to fully express the differences between ethical theories. In his investigations into personal identity, Parfit was singular. Examples seemingly inspired by Star Trek and other science fiction, such as the teletransporter, were used to explore our intuitions about our identity. He believed that people do not exist apart from their components because there is no adequate criterion of personal identity. Parfit argued that reality can be described as impersonally as possible. We don't know if the person has survived because we don't know all the facts. He concluded that we are mistaken in assuming that personal identity is the most important factor in survival.On Parfit's account, individuals are just brains and bodies, but identity cannot be reduced to either. Parfit concedes that his theories rarely conflict with rival Reductionist theories in everyday life, and that the two are only brought to blows by the introduction of extraordinary examples, but he defends the use of such examples on the grounds that they arouse strong intuitions in many of us. Identity is not as determined as we think it is, but it is determined by the way we talk. People are the same as nations or clubs. Parfit argued that no single entity, such as a self, could unify a person's experiences over time. Personal identity is not important in survival. The Parfitian question is: given the choice between survival without psychological continuity and connectedness and dying but preserving R through someone else's future existence, which would you choose?Parfit thinks the latter is better. Parfit described his loss of belief in a separate self as freeing. Even if the lower-level facts that make up identity do not matter, the higher-level fact may. The lower-level facts will have significance if it does. They will matter, not in themselves, but because they are the higher level fact. The significance of personhood is being preserved. The facts in which personhood consists that provide it with significance is what Parfit's explanation is about.An illustration of a brain-damaged patient who becomes irreversibly unconscious was used by Parfit. The fact that the patient is still alive is separate from the fact that his heart is still beating and other organs are still functioning. The fact that the patient is alive is not a separate fact. Even though the patient is irreversibly unconscious, he is still alive because of the other facts. The "Argument from Below" can be used to determine the value of the heart and other organs without having to assign significance to them. Parfit talks about possible futures for the world. Chapter 17 of Reasons and Persons contains a discussion about futures and population growth.He shows that both average and total utilitarianism result in bad conclusions when applied to the population. Parfit distinguishes between average and total utilitarianism in the section. There are two ways in which he formulates average utilitarianism. "If other things are equal, the best outcome is the one in which people's lives go, on average, best," says Parfit. "If other things are equal, the best outcome is the one in which there is the greatest average net sum of happiness, per life lived," he says. Parfit gives two different views of the view. "If other things are equal, the best outcome is the one in which there would be the greatest quantity of happiness, minus misery," says Parfit."If other things are equal, the best outcome is the one in which there would be the greatest quantity of whatever makes life worth living," he says. The repugnant conclusion is that for any population of at least ten billion people with a very high quality of life, there must be some much larger population. Imagine a choice between two futures. In A, 10 billion people would live and all of them would be happy. While slightly less happy than those in A, 20 billion people in B are still very happy. We should prefer B to A under total utility maximisation. We are forced to prefer Z, a world of hundreds of billions of people all living lives barely worth living, to A because of the process of population increases and happiness decreases.We must at least admit that Z is no worse than A if we don't hold that coming to exist can benefit someone. There are challenges to what life in the A-world would be like and whether life in the Z-world would be very different from a normal privileged life. Parfit makes a similar argument. If all we care about is average happiness, we are forced to conclude that an extremely small population, say ten people, over the course of human history is the best outcome. Lives were happier than we could have imagined. Consider the case of American immigration. The would-be alien benefits greatly from leaving his homeland.Americans benefit from immigration because they get cheap labour. If the increase in population is offset by the increase in immigration, the average welfare is lower. Although everyone is better off, this is not the preferred outcome. Parfit believes that this is ridiculous. The identity of future generations is discussed by Parfit. One's existence is related to the time and conditions of one's conception, according to Chapter 16 of Reasons and Persons. He claims that if a person hadn't been conceived when he was, he wouldn't have existed.The study of weather patterns and other physical phenomena in the 20th century shows that very minor changes in conditions at time T have drastic effects after T. After a few generations, any actions taken today will affect who exists. A change in global environmental policy would change the conditions of the conception process so much that after 300 years, no one of the same sex would have been born. Different couples meet each other and have babies at different times. The problem is known as the non-identity problem. We could make policies that would be worse for everyone, because no one would be the same under the different policies. If we consider the moral ramifications of potential policies in person-affecting terms, we will have no reason to prefer a sound policy over an unsound one.The identity of future generations is dependent on the actions of the present generations. The relationship between Parfit and Janet Richards lasted until his death. They were married in 2010. Richards thinks Parfit had a neurological condition. Effective altruism was supported by Parfit. He pledged to give at least 10% of his income to charities when he joined Giving What We Can. Parfit frequently traveled to Venice and St. Petersburg to take pictures of architecture.The works were selected for 1964: Eton Microcosm. It was edited by Anthony Cheetham. Sidgwick and Jackson were in London. "Personal Identity" was written in 1971. A review of philosophy. vol. 80: 7."Is Common-Sense Morality Self-Defeating?" was written in 1979. The Journal of Philosophy is a journal. pp. October. Reasons and people. Clarendon Press is in Oxford. "Against the social discount rate" was written in 1992.New Haven: Yale University Press, pp. 149–161. "Reasons and Motivation" was written in 1997. The organization of the Aristotelian. There is a Supp., vol. 99–130. "Normativity" was written in Russ Shafer-Landau.Oxford Studies in Metaethics is a book. Clarendon Press is in Oxford. On What Matters was published in 2011. There are 1 and 2. Oxford University Press. In 2017: On What Matters. 3.Oxford University Press. Essays on What Matters was written by Jussi Suikkanen and John Cottingham. All Souls College, Oxford, has a profile. A list of writings. 20th-century English philosophers Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford Analytic philosophers, British ethicists and Harvard University staff are some of the people who have died in the last year. | [
"Parfit"
] |
12836262 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%20Tenbrook | Harry Tenbrook | Harry Tenbrook (born Henry Olaf Hansen, October 9, 1887 – September 4, 1960) was an American film actor.
Henry Olaf Hansen was born in Christiania (now Oslo), Norway. His family migrated to the United States in 1892.′′ Under the stage name, Harry Tenbrook, he appeared in more than 330 films between 1911 and 1960. A favorite of John Ford, Tenbrook was a prominent member of the John Ford Stock Company. Only four actors appeared in more Ford films than Tenbrook. He died in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles from lung cancer. He was interred at the Pierce Brothers Valhalla Memorial Park in North Hollywood, California.
Filmography
The Scarlet Car (1917) - Scrapper (uncredited)
Thieves' Gold (1918) - 'Colonel' Betoski
The Third Alarm (1922) - Surly Laborer (uncredited)
The Danger Rider (1924)
The Measure of a Man (1924) - Charley
Capital Punishment (1925) - Executioner
The Silent Guardian (1925) - Job Stevens
The Texas Terror (1925)
Manhattan Madness (1925) - 'Lefty' Lewis
His People (1925) - Mike
Lord Jim (1925) - Sailor Who Goes for Water (uncredited)
The Blue Eagle (1926) - Bascom - a Stoker (uncredited)
Thunderbolt's Tracks (1927) - Corporal Biff Flannagan
Set Free (1927) - Jim Hart
Speedy Smith (1927) - Slugger Sampson
Coney Island (1928) - Brawler (uncredited)
Sharp Shooters (1928) - Hood (uncredited)
Four Sons (1928) - Officer (uncredited)
The Play Girl (1928) - The Chauffeur
Danger Street (1928) - Borg
Seven Footprints to Satan (1929) - Eve's Chauffeur
Eyes of the Underworld (1929) - Gimpy Johnson
Salute (1929) - Assistant Navy Coach (uncredited)
The Mysterious Island (1929) - Radio Technician (uncredited)
Dance Hall (1929) - Nightclub Bouncer (uncredited)
Alias French Gertie (1930) - Marty the Mug (uncredited)
The Runaway Bride (1930) - Whitey (uncredited)
Born Reckless (1930) - Beretti Henchman (uncredited)
On the Level (1930) - Dawson
The Sea Wolf (1930) - Axel Johnson
Scarface (1932) - One of Costillo's Hoods (uncredited)
Destry Rides Again (1932) - Barfly (uncredited)
Heroes of the West (1932) - Butch Gore
Make Me a Star (1932) - Bus Driver (uncredited)
The Thirteenth Guest (1932) - Cabby (uncredited)
Speak Easily (1932) - Baggage Man (uncredited)
Come on Danger! (1932) - Bill - Henchman
The Fourth Horseman (1932) - Henchman (uncredited)
Scarlet Dawn (1932) - Revolutionary (uncredited)
Air Mail (1932) - Airport Worker Yelling 'Crash Wagon' (uncredited)
Speed Demon (1932) - Bull
The Lost Special (1932, Serial) - Henchman (uncredited)
20,000 Years in Sing Sing (1932) - Convict (uncredited)
King Kong (1933) - Member of Ship's Crew (uncredited)
The Little Giant (1933) - Mr. Pulido - a Mug (uncredited)
The Cohens and Kellys in Trouble (1933) - Minor Role (uncredited)
Song of the Eagle (1933) - Worker (uncredited)
The Silk Express (1933) - Silk Loader (uncredited)
The Woman I Stole (1933) - Oil Worker (uncredited)
Pilgrimage (1933) - Soldier on Train (uncredited)
Baby Face (1933) - Laborer (uncredited)
Gordon of Ghost City (1933, Serial) - Bushwacker (Ch. 9) (uncredited)
Skyway (1933) - Truck Driver (uncredited)
Lady for a Day (1933) - Reception Guest (uncredited)
Penthouse (1933) - Customer at Crelliman's Place (uncredited)
The Wolf Dog (1933, Serial) - Sailor (uncredited)
The Bowery (1933) - Fireman (uncredited)
Lady Killer (1933) - Monkey Delivery Man (uncredited)
Son of Kong (1933) - Tommy, a Sailor (uncredited)
Fugitive Lovers (1934) - Policeman (uncredited)
Palooka (1934) - McSwatt's Handler (uncredited)
Pirate Treasure (1934, Serial) - Train Man (Ch. 4) (uncredited)
Gambling Lady (1934) - Funeral Attendee (uncredited)
Lazy River (1934) - Search Officer on Coast Guard Ship (uncredited)
The Countess of Monte Cristo (1934) - Man in Bar (uncredited)
Come On Marines! (1934) - Marine (uncredited)
Looking for Trouble (1934) - Dispatcher (uncredited)
The Line-Up (1934) - Man in the Line-up (uncredited)
The Thin Man (1934) - Guest at Nick's Party (uncredited)
The Hell Cat (1934) - Sandy (uncredited)
The World Moves On (1934) - Legionnaire in Trench with Dixie (uncredited)
Blind Date (1934) - Taxi Driver (uncredited)
Here Comes the Navy (1934) - Navy Yard Worker (uncredited)
Friends of Mr. Sweeney (1934) - Gangster with Mike (uncredited)
The Cat's-Paw (1934) - Gangster (uncredited)
Beyond the Law (1934) - Crook
The Count of Monte Cristo (1934) - Pirate Guard (uncredited)
Judge Priest (1934) - Townsman in Saloon (uncredited)
Young and Beautiful (1934) - Board Marker (uncredited)
Lady by Choice (1934) - Sailor (uncredited)
The Captain Hates the Sea (1934) - Taxi Driver (uncredited)
Against the Law (1934) - Minor Role (uncredited)
The St. Louis Kid (1934) - One of Louie's Henchmen (uncredited)
Kid Millions (1934) - Customer in Music Store (uncredited)
The Gay Bride (1934) - Scared Mechanic with Armored Car (uncredited)
The Best Man Wins (1935) - Seaman (uncredited)
Behind the Evidence (1935) - Gangster (uncredited)
Rustlers of Red Dog (1935, Serial) - Barfly (Ch. 1) (uncredited)
The Whole Town's Talking (1935) - Mannion's Henchman on Lookout (uncredited)
Mutiny Ahead (1935) - Sailor - Diver (uncredited)
Naughty Marietta (1935) - Prospective Groom (uncredited)
Black Fury (1935) - Security Force Applicant (uncredited)
Strangers All (1935) - Courtroom Spectator (uncredited)
Vagabond Lady (1935) - Yelling Sailor (uncredited)
$10 Raise (1935) - Warehouse Worker (uncredited)
The Informer (1935) - Admirer (uncredited)
Stranded (1935) - Bleekman, Sharkey's Thug (uncredited)
The Roaring West (1935, Serial) - Henchman Limpy (uncredited)
The Daring Young Man (1935) - Convict (uncredited)
Dante's Inferno (1935) - Stoker (uncredited)
O'Shaughnessy's Boy (1935) - Circus Worker (uncredited)
Thunder Mountain (1935) - Miner Voting (uncredited)
Two-Fisted (1935) - Mug (uncredited)
Barbary Coast (1935) - Chamalis' Henchman (uncredited)
One Way Ticket (1935) - Guard (uncredited)
Frisco Kid (1935) - Vigilante (uncredited)
Millions in the Air (1935) - Mike
The Littlest Rebel (1935) - Yankee Corporal (uncredited)
Man of Iron (1935) - Factory Worker (uncredited)
The Lone Wolf Returns (1935) - Red Dugan (uncredited)
Tough Guy (1936) - Police Radio Dispatcher (uncredited)
You May Be Next (1936) - Ernie-Henchman (uncredited)
Too Many Parents (1936) - Guard (uncredited)
Panic on the Air (1936) - Taxi Driver (uncredited)
F-Man (1936) - Gangster (uncredited)
Trapped by Television (1936) - Policeman (uncredited)
Kelly the Second (1936) - Ike's Henchman (uncredited)
High Tension (1936) - Second Bartender (uncredited)
Mary of Scotland (1936) - One of Queen Mary's Guards (uncredited)
Women Are Trouble (1936) - Strong-Arm Man (uncredited)
Sea Spoilers (1936) - Henchman Chuck (uncredited)
The Magnificent Brute (1936) - Waiter (uncredited)
Ghost-Town Gold (1936) - Street Brawler (uncredited)
Come and Get It (1936) - Lumberjack (uncredited)
Roarin' Lead (1936) - Henchman (uncredited)
The Plough and the Stars (1936) - Minor Role (uncredited)
Great Guy (1936) - Joe - Orphanage Receiving Clerk (uncredited)
Man of the People (1937) - Tough on Picnic Platform (uncredited)
Girl Overboard (1937) - Cop (uncredited)
Sea Devils (1937) - Sailor in Bar (uncredited)
Hit the Saddle (1937) - Joe Harvey - McGowan Henchman
Midnight Court (1937) - Party Guest (uncredited)
23 1/2 Hours Leave (1937) - Stockade Sergeant (uncredited)
Behind the Headlines (1937) - Barfly (uncredited)
Meet the Missus (1937) - Stagehand (uncredited)
Sing and Be Happy (1937) - Truck Driver (uncredited)
Wee Willie Winkie (1937) - Soldier (uncredited)
Think Fast, Mr. Moto (1937) - Henchman (uncredited)
The Big Shot (1937) - Servant (uncredited)
The Rangers Step In (1937) - Deputy (uncredited)
Souls at Sea (1937) - Lifeboat Crewman (uncredited)
Sophie Lang Goes West (1937) - Painter
Radio Patrol (1937, Serial) - Henchman (uncredited)
Music for Madame (1937) - Electrician (uncredited)
Stand-In (1937) - Studio Mob Member (uncredited)
You're a Sweetheart (1937) - Potential Bodyguard (uncredited)
In Old Chicago (1938) - Hub Patron (uncredited)
Hawaiian Buckaroo (1938) - Henchman (uncredited)
The Jury's Secret (1938) - Minor Role (uncredited)
Little Miss Roughneck (1938) - Prisoner (uncredited)
A Slight Case of Murder (1938) - The Stranger
He Couldn't Say No (1938) - Jostled Subway Rider Taking Seat (uncredited)
Bluebeard's Eighth Wife (1938) - Male Nurse in Sanitarium (uncredited)
Rawhide (1938) - Gil - Henchman (uncredited)
Crime School (1938) - Clerk Outside Morgan's Office (uncredited)
Kidnapped (1938) - Crewman (uncredited)
You and Me (1938) - Bartender (uncredited)
Professor Beware (1938) - Brawler (uncredited)
Racket Busters (1938) - Martin's Henchman (uncredited)
Block-Heads (1938) - Pedestrian (uncredited)
Dick Tracy Returns (1938, Serial) - Fertilizer Warehouse Thug (uncredited)
The Spider's Web (1938, Serial) - Powerhouse Worker (uncredited)
Flying G-Men (1939, Serial) - Dugan (uncredited)
Stagecoach (1939) - Telegraph Operator (uncredited)
Let Freedom Ring (1939) - Barfly (uncredited)
The Oklahoma Kid (1939) - Juror #4 (uncredited)
Society Lawyer (1939) - Crelliman's Henchman (uncredited)
I'm from Missouri (1939) - Superintendent (uncredited)
The Lady and the Mob (1939) - Watson's Henchman (uncredited)
Hotel Imperial (1939) - Sentry (uncredited)
The Lady's from Kentucky (1939) - Longshoreman (uncredited)
Mandrake the Magician (1939, Serial) - Streeter (uncredited)
Young Mr. Lincoln (1939) - Townsman (uncredited)
The Gracie Allen Murder Case (1939) - Harry (uncredited)
6,000 Enemies (1939) - Prisoner (uncredited)
The Oregon Trail (1939, Serial) - Henchman [Ch. 11] (uncredited)
Each Dawn I Die (1939) - Convict (uncredited)
Our Leading Citizen (1939) - Workman (uncredited)
Daughter of the Tong (1939) - Sam - Henchman (uncredited)
Blackmail (1939) - Truck Driver at Gas Station (uncredited)
Oklahoma Frontier (1939) - Henchman Grimes
Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939) - Bodyguard (uncredited)
The Marshal of Mesa City (1939) - Townsman (uncredited)
Chip of the Flying U (1939) - Foreign Agent's Henchman (uncredited)
Destry Rides Again (1939) - Stage Shotgun Rider (uncredited)
Swanee River (1939) - Jim, Saloon Waiter (uncredited)
The Shadow (1940, Serial) - Henchman Adams (uncredited)
The Green Hornet (1940, Serial) - Meadows' Garage Lookout [Ch. 5] / Policeman [Ch. 9] (uncredited)
The Grapes of Wrath (1940) - Deputy / Troublemaker (uncredited)
I Take This Woman (1940) - Taxi Driver (scenes deleted)
Black Friday (1940) - Cabbie (uncredited)
Johnny Apollo (1940) - Guard Escorting Apollo (uncredited)
Winners of the West (1940, Serial) - Rooney [Ch. 3] (uncredited)
Dance, Girl, Dance (1940) - Night Court Spectator (uncredited)
Ragtime Cowboy Joe (1940) - Henchman Del
Glamour for Sale (1940) - Mugg (uncredited)
The Long Voyage Home (1940) - Max
The Green Archer (1940, Serial) - Brunner (uncredited)
The Devil's Pipeline (1940) - Prisoner (uncredited)
Chad Hanna (1940) - Canvasman (uncredited)
Come Live with Me (1941) - Diner (uncredited)
White Eagle (1941, Serial) - Nash (uncredited)
Meet the Chump (1941) - Electrician (uncredited)
The Penalty (1941) - Worker (uncredited)
The Lady from Cheyenne (1941) - Bartender (uncredited)
The Big Boss (1941) - One of the Chain Gang (uncredited)
Billy the Kid (1941) - Man with Rifle Behind Barred Window (uncredited)
Rawhide Rangers (1941) - Rancher (uncredited)
Manpower (1941) - Midnight Club Waiter (uncredited)
Mystery Ship (1941) - Witness (uncredited)
Texas (1941) - Handler / Cornerman at Fight (uncredited)
Ellery Queen and the Murder Ring (1941) - Morgue Attendant (uncredited)
Holt of the Secret Service (1941, Serial) - Detour Henchman (uncredited)
Fighting Bill Fargo (1941) - Townsman (uncredited)
Among the Living (1941) - Mill Worker (uncredited)
Dick Tracy vs. Crime, Inc. (1941, Serial) - Junction Heavy 2 (uncredited)
Fly-by-Night (1942) - Truck Driver (uncredited)
Woman of the Year (1942) - Mug (uncredited)
Stagecoach Buckaroo (1942) - Stagecoach Guard Slatz
The Adventures of Martin Eden (1942) - Sailor (uncredited)
The Ghost of Frankenstein (1942) - Villager at Hearing (uncredited)
Two Yanks in Trinidad (1942) - Mug (uncredited)
A Desperate Chance for Ellery Queen (1942) - Doorman Hailing Taxis (uncredited)
Perils of the Royal Mounted (1942, Serial) - Pedro - Henchman (uncredited)
Tarzan's New York Adventure (1942) - Circus Roustabout Driving Car (uncredited)
In Old California (1942) - Saloon Waiter (uncredited)
Sabotage Squad (1942) - Saboteur (uncredited)
Overland Mail (1942, Serial) - Miles - Stage Driver [Ch. 10] (uncredited)
Lucky Legs (1942) - Dan (uncredited)
You Can't Escape Forever (1942) - Harry - Lonesome Club Bartender (uncredited)
The Valley of Vanishing Men (1942, Serial) - Cave Henchman (ch's 4, 12) (uncredited)
Mug Town (1942) - Railroad Bull (uncredited)
Two Weeks to Live (1943) - Man Pushing Wheelchair (uncredited)
The Moon Is Down (1943) - Miner (uncredited)
Frontier Law (1943) - Townsman (uncredited)
Batman (1943, Serial) - Bartender (uncredited)
Swing Shift Maisie (1943) - Man in Employment Line (uncredited)
The Girl from Monterrey (1943) - Fight Spectator (uncredited)
Gangway for Tomorrow (1943) - Worker (uncredited)
Government Girl (1943) - Military Policeman (uncredited)
The Texas Kid (1943) - Henchman (uncredited)
Marshal of Gunsmoke (1944) - Henchman at Lon's (uncredited)
Sailor's Holiday (1944) - Laundry Man (uncredited)
Once Upon a Time (1944) - Shipyard Worker (uncredited)
Man from Frisco (1944) - Workman (uncredited)
The Great Moment (1944) - Man at Bar (uncredited)
Moonlight and Cactus (1944) - Seaman (uncredited)
The Last Ride (1944) - Hans, a Hoodlum (uncredited)
Enemy of Women (1944) - Gestapo Man (uncredited)
Belle of the Yukon (1944) - Harry (uncredited)
The Lost Weekend (1945) - Drunk in Alcoholic Ward (uncredited)
They Were Expendable (1945) - 'Squarehead' Larsen SC 2c
Abilene Town (1946) - First Wagon Driver Caught in Stampede (uncredited)
The Kid from Brooklyn (1946) - Cop at Train Station (uncredited)
The Hoodlum Saint (1946) - Mug (uncredited)
Renegades (1946) - Barfly at Yellow Rock (uncredited)
Dangerous Business (1946) - Prisoner (uncredited)
My Brother Talks to Horses (1947) - Bank Guard (uncredited)
The Law Comes to Gunsight (1947) - Jailed Henchman (uncredited)
Magic Town (1947) - Shoe Shine Customer (uncredited)
That Hagen Girl (1947) - Man at Train Station (uncredited)
Killer McCoy (1947) - Cigones' Handler / Cornerman (uncredited)
Black Bart (1948) - Barfly (uncredited)
Fort Apache (1948) - Tom O'Feeney (uncredited)
Return of the Bad Men (1948) - Man with Judge Harper (uncredited)
The Babe Ruth Story (1948) - Taxicab Driver (uncredited)
Kiss the Blood Off My Hands (1948) - Seaman in Pub (uncredited)
3 Godfathers (1948) - Bartender (uncredited)
Act of Violence (1949) - Man (uncredited)
Shockproof (1949) - Job Applicant (uncredited)
El Paso (1949) - Barfly (uncredited)
The Set-Up (1949) - Fight Spectator Behind the Glutton (uncredited)
Special Agent (1949) - Logger (uncredited)
Mr. Soft Touch (1949) - Bystander at Fire (uncredited)
Scene of the Crime (1949) - Passerby (uncredited)
Pinky (1949) - Townsman (uncredited)
The Gal Who Took the West (1949) - Soldier (uncredited)
South Sea Sinner (1950) - Boat Passenger (uncredited)
When Willie Comes Marching Home (1950) - Joe - Taxi Driver (uncredited)
The Secret Fury (1950) - Jury Foreman (uncredited)
Frenchie (1950) - Saloon Patron (uncredited)
California Passage (1950) - Townsman (uncredited)
Belle Le Grand (1951) - Miner at Lynching (uncredited)
Payment on Demand (1951) - Taxi Driver (uncredited)
Santa Fe (1951) - Missouri Saloon Barfly (uncredited)
I Was a Communist for the FBI (1951) - Senate Hearing Spectator (uncredited)
Gunplay (1951) - Henchman (uncredited)
The Big Gusher (1951) - Casino Gambler (uncredited)
The Lady and the Bandit (1951) - Pub Customer (uncredited)
Iron Man (1951) - Fight Crowd Spectator (uncredited)
Saturday's Hero (1951) - Manuel's Bar Patron (uncredited)
The Barefoot Mailman (1951) - Theron Henchman (uncredited)
Lone Star (1952) - Townsman (uncredited)
The Belle of New York (1952) - Bowery Bum Wearing Dark Reddish Coat (uncredited)
Singin' in the Rain (1952) - Sound Technician (uncredited)
The San Francisco Story (1952) - Bartender (uncredited)
The Quiet Man (1952) - Police Sergeant Hanan (uncredited)
Scarlet Angel (1952) - Saloon Waiter (uncredited)
What Price Glory (1952) - Laughing Marine in formation (uncredited)
O. Henry's Full House (1952) - Bar Customer (uncredited)
The Turning Point (1952) - Ran at Ringside (uncredited)
A Perilous Journey (1953) - Bar Patron (uncredited)
Pickup on South Street (1953) - Elevator Passenger (uncredited)
Pony Express (1953) - Sacramento Townsman (uncredited)
South Sea Woman (1953) - Barfly (uncredited)
Calamity Jane (1953) - Barfly (uncredited)
Destry (1954) - Barfly (uncredited)
The Long Gray Line (1955) - Waiter (uncredited)
Mister Roberts (1955) - Cookie
The Spoilers (1955) - Commissioner's Deputy (uncredited)
It's a Dog's Life (1955) - Man at Shoeshine Stand (uncredited)
Blazing the Overland Trail (1956, Serial) - Henchman (uncredited)
The Last Hurrah (1958) - Caterer at Wake (uncredited)
Please Don't Eat the Daisies (1960) - Elevator Passenger (uncredited)
Inherit the Wind (1960) - Courtroom Spectator (uncredited)
North to Alaska (1960) - Miner (uncredited)
References
External links
1887 births
1960 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
American male film actors
Deaths from cancer in California
Male actors from Oslo
Norwegian emigrants to the United States
20th-century American male actors | [
"Harry Tenbrook (born Henry Olaf Hansen, October 9, 1887 – September 4, 1960) was an American film actor.",
"Henry Olaf Hansen was born in Christiania (now Oslo), Norway.",
"His family migrated to the United States in 1892.′′ Under the stage name, Harry Tenbrook, he appeared in more than 330 films between 1911 and 1960.",
"A favorite of John Ford, Tenbrook was a prominent member of the John Ford Stock Company.",
"Only four actors appeared in more Ford films than Tenbrook.",
"He died in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles from lung cancer.",
"He was interred at the Pierce Brothers Valhalla Memorial Park in North Hollywood, California.",
"(1932) - Bill - Henchman\n The Fourth Horseman (1932) - Henchman (uncredited)\n Scarlet Dawn (1932) - Revolutionary (uncredited)\n Air Mail (1932) - Airport Worker Yelling 'Crash Wagon' (uncredited)\n Speed Demon (1932) - Bull\n The Lost Special (1932, Serial) - Henchman (uncredited)\n 20,000 Years in Sing Sing (1932) - Convict (uncredited)\n King Kong (1933) - Member of Ship's Crew (uncredited)\n The Little Giant (1933) - Mr. Pulido - a Mug (uncredited)\n The Cohens and Kellys in Trouble (1933) - Minor Role (uncredited)\n Song of the Eagle (1933) - Worker (uncredited)\n The Silk Express (1933) - Silk Loader (uncredited)\n The Woman I Stole (1933) - Oil Worker (uncredited)\n Pilgrimage (1933) - Soldier on Train (uncredited)\n Baby Face (1933) - Laborer (uncredited)\n Gordon of Ghost City (1933, Serial) - Bushwacker (Ch.",
"9) (uncredited)\n Skyway (1933) - Truck Driver (uncredited)\n Lady for a Day (1933) - Reception Guest (uncredited)\n Penthouse (1933) - Customer at Crelliman's Place (uncredited)\n The Wolf Dog (1933, Serial) - Sailor (uncredited)\n The Bowery (1933) - Fireman (uncredited)\n Lady Killer (1933) - Monkey Delivery Man (uncredited)\n Son of Kong (1933) - Tommy, a Sailor (uncredited)\n Fugitive Lovers (1934) - Policeman (uncredited)\n Palooka (1934) - McSwatt's Handler (uncredited)\n Pirate Treasure (1934, Serial) - Train Man (Ch.",
"4) (uncredited)\n Gambling Lady (1934) - Funeral Attendee (uncredited)\n Lazy River (1934) - Search Officer on Coast Guard Ship (uncredited)\n The Countess of Monte Cristo (1934) - Man in Bar (uncredited)\n Come On Marines!",
"11] (uncredited)\n Each Dawn I Die (1939) - Convict (uncredited)\n Our Leading Citizen (1939) - Workman (uncredited)\n Daughter of the Tong (1939) - Sam - Henchman (uncredited)\n Blackmail (1939) - Truck Driver at Gas Station (uncredited)\n Oklahoma Frontier (1939) - Henchman Grimes\n Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939) - Bodyguard (uncredited)\n The Marshal of Mesa City (1939) - Townsman (uncredited)\n Chip of the Flying U (1939) - Foreign Agent's Henchman (uncredited)\n Destry Rides Again (1939) - Stage Shotgun Rider (uncredited)\n Swanee River (1939) - Jim, Saloon Waiter (uncredited)\n The Shadow (1940, Serial) - Henchman Adams (uncredited)\n The Green Hornet (1940, Serial) - Meadows' Garage Lookout [Ch.",
"5] / Policeman [Ch.",
"9] (uncredited)\n The Grapes of Wrath (1940) - Deputy / Troublemaker (uncredited)\n I Take This Woman (1940) - Taxi Driver (scenes deleted)\n Black Friday (1940) - Cabbie (uncredited)\n Johnny Apollo (1940) - Guard Escorting Apollo (uncredited)\n Winners of the West (1940, Serial) - Rooney [Ch."
] | [
"Harry Tenbrook was an American film actor.",
"He was born in Christiania, Norway.",
"He appeared in more than 330 films under the stage name Harry Tenbrook.",
"Tenbrook was a member of the John Ford Stock Company.",
"Tenbrook appeared in more Ford films than any other actor.",
"He died of lung cancer in Los Angeles.",
"He was buried in North Hollywood, California.",
"The Fourth Horseman and the Revolutionary Air Mail are uncredited.",
"Skyway - Truck Driver, Lady for a Day, reception guest, and customer at Crelliman's Place are uncredited.",
"The Gambling Lady is uncredited and the Search Officer on the Coast Guard ship is uncredited.",
"Each Dawn I Die - Convict, Our Leading Citizen, Workman, Daughter of the Tong, Blackmail, and Truck Driver at Gas Station are uncredited.",
"The policeman.",
"The Grapes of Wrath is an uncredited film."
] | <mask> (born Henry Olaf Hansen, October 9, 1887 – September 4, 1960) was an American film actor. Henry Olaf Hansen was born in Christiania (now Oslo), Norway. His family migrated to the United States in 1892.′′ Under the stage name, <mask>, he appeared in more than 330 films between 1911 and 1960. A favorite of John Ford, <mask> was a prominent member of the John Ford Stock Company. Only four actors appeared in more Ford films than <mask>. He died in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles from lung cancer. He was interred at the Pierce Brothers Valhalla Memorial Park in North Hollywood, California.(1932) - Bill - Henchman
The Fourth Horseman (1932) - Henchman (uncredited)
Scarlet Dawn (1932) - Revolutionary (uncredited)
Air Mail (1932) - Airport Worker Yelling 'Crash Wagon' (uncredited)
Speed Demon (1932) - Bull
The Lost Special (1932, Serial) - Henchman (uncredited)
20,000 Years in Sing Sing (1932) - Convict (uncredited)
King Kong (1933) - Member of Ship's Crew (uncredited)
The Little Giant (1933) - Mr. Pulido - a Mug (uncredited)
The Cohens and Kellys in Trouble (1933) - Minor Role (uncredited)
Song of the Eagle (1933) - Worker (uncredited)
The Silk Express (1933) - Silk Loader (uncredited)
The Woman I Stole (1933) - Oil Worker (uncredited)
Pilgrimage (1933) - Soldier on Train (uncredited)
Baby Face (1933) - Laborer (uncredited)
Gordon of Ghost City (1933, Serial) - Bushwacker (Ch. 9) (uncredited)
Skyway (1933) - Truck Driver (uncredited)
Lady for a Day (1933) - Reception Guest (uncredited)
Penthouse (1933) - Customer at Crelliman's Place (uncredited)
The Wolf Dog (1933, Serial) - Sailor (uncredited)
The Bowery (1933) - Fireman (uncredited)
Lady Killer (1933) - Monkey Delivery Man (uncredited)
Son of Kong (1933) - Tommy, a Sailor (uncredited)
Fugitive Lovers (1934) - Policeman (uncredited)
Palooka (1934) - McSwatt's Handler (uncredited)
Pirate Treasure (1934, Serial) - Train Man (Ch. 4) (uncredited)
Gambling Lady (1934) - Funeral Attendee (uncredited)
Lazy River (1934) - Search Officer on Coast Guard Ship (uncredited)
The Countess of Monte Cristo (1934) - Man in Bar (uncredited)
Come On Marines! 11] (uncredited)
Each Dawn I Die (1939) - Convict (uncredited)
Our Leading Citizen (1939) - Workman (uncredited)
Daughter of the Tong (1939) - Sam - Henchman (uncredited)
Blackmail (1939) - Truck Driver at Gas Station (uncredited)
Oklahoma Frontier (1939) - Henchman Grimes
Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939) - Bodyguard (uncredited)
The Marshal of Mesa City (1939) - Townsman (uncredited)
Chip of the Flying U (1939) - Foreign Agent's Henchman (uncredited)
Destry Rides Again (1939) - Stage Shotgun Rider (uncredited)
Swanee River (1939) - Jim, Saloon Waiter (uncredited)
The Shadow (1940, Serial) - Henchman Adams (uncredited)
The Green Hornet (1940, Serial) - Meadows' Garage Lookout [Ch. 5] / Policeman [Ch. 9] (uncredited)
The Grapes of Wrath (1940) - Deputy / Troublemaker (uncredited)
I Take This Woman (1940) - Taxi Driver (scenes deleted)
Black Friday (1940) - Cabbie (uncredited)
Johnny Apollo (1940) - Guard Escorting Apollo (uncredited)
Winners of the West (1940, Serial) - Rooney [Ch. | [
"Harry Tenbrook",
"Harry Tenbrook",
"Tenbrook",
"Tenbrook"
] | <mask> was an American film actor. He was born in Christiania, Norway. He appeared in more than 330 films under the stage name <mask>. <mask> was a member of the John Ford Stock Company. <mask> appeared in more Ford films than any other actor. He died of lung cancer in Los Angeles. He was buried in North Hollywood, California.The Fourth Horseman and the Revolutionary Air Mail are uncredited. Skyway - Truck Driver, Lady for a Day, reception guest, and customer at Crelliman's Place are uncredited. The Gambling Lady is uncredited and the Search Officer on the Coast Guard ship is uncredited. Each Dawn I Die - Convict, Our Leading Citizen, Workman, Daughter of the Tong, Blackmail, and Truck Driver at Gas Station are uncredited. The policeman. The Grapes of Wrath is an uncredited film. | [
"Harry Tenbrook",
"Harry Tenbrook",
"Tenbrook",
"Tenbrook"
] |
207923 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ari%20Fleischer | Ari Fleischer | Lawrence Ari Fleischer (born October 13, 1960) is an American media consultant and political aide who served as the 23rd White House Press Secretary, for President George W. Bush, from January 2001 to July 2003.
Since leaving the White House, he has worked as a media consultant and commentator. He joined Fox News as a contributor in July 2017.
Early life
Fleischer was born in 1960 in New York City, the son of Martha and Alan A. Fleischer. His mother was a database coordinator and his father was owner of an executive recruiting company. His parents were Jewish; his mother is a Hungarian immigrant who lost much of her family in the Holocaust. Both parents were Democrats who were "horrified" when Fleischer became a Republican, he told an interviewer in 2003: "While I lived at home and when I started college, I was a liberal Democrat. In a sense, it was President Carter who drove me out of the Democratic Party and it was President Reagan who welcomed me into the Republican Party." He graduated from Fox Lane High School in Bedford, New York, in 1978, and graduated from Middlebury College in Vermont in 1982.
Congressional staffer
Upon his graduation from Middlebury, Fleischer worked as press secretary for Jon S. Fossel, a Republican candidate for a New York congressional seat. Later Fleischer worked as press secretary for Norman Lent. From 1985 to 1988, he was field director for the National Republican Congressional Committee. He went back to being a press secretary in 1988, working for congressman Joseph DioGuardi.
Fleischer served as U.S. Senator Pete Domenici's press secretary from 1989 to 1994 and as spokesman for the House of Representatives Ways and Means Committee for five years. He worked as deputy communications director for George H. W. Bush's 1992 reelection campaign.
White House press secretary
Although Fleischer served as communications director for Elizabeth Dole during her presidential run in the 2000 election campaign, he joined George W. Bush's presidential campaign after Dole dropped out of the race. When Bush became the President in 2001, he tapped Fleischer to become the first press secretary of his administration.
Fleischer is credited with having been the first to introduce the phrase "homicide bombing" to describe what has also been called suicide bombing, in April 2002, to emphasize the terrorist connotations of the tactic:
On May 19, 2003, he announced that he would resign during the summer, citing a desire to spend more time with his wife and to work in the private sector. He was replaced by deputy press secretary Scott McClellan on July 15, 2003.
Iraq War
As press secretary in the Bush administration, Fleischer was a prominent advocate for the Invasion of Iraq. He made numerous exaggerated and misleading claims about Iraq in the lead-up to the Iraq War, in particular about Iraq's purported WMD program (it did not have one) and the Saddam Hussein regime's purported relationship with al-Qaeda (they did not have an operational relationship). In January 2003, after UN weapons inspectors said they had "not found any smoking gun" evidence of an active WMD program, Fleischer said, "The problem with guns that are hidden is you can't see their smoke... We know for a fact that there are weapons there." (there were not) On the issue of whether the Saddam Hussein regime had sought to obtain uranium from Niger, Fleischer said that it was "an issue that very well may be true. We don’t know if it’s true—but nobody, but nobody, can say it is wrong." In his press conferences, he repeatedly insisted that the burden of proof for the non-existence of the Hussein regime's WMD program fell on Saddam Hussein, not on the Bush administration to prove that he did have an active WMD program. On one occasion Fleischer said that Hussein "has to indicate whether or not he has weapons. . . . If he declares he has none, then we will know that Saddam Hussein is once again misleading the world. . . . If Saddam Hussein indicates that he has weapons of mass destruction and that he is violating United Nations resolutions, then we will know that Saddam Hussein again deceived the world."
In 2019, Fleischer said, "It’s a myth that Bush lied" about Iraq. Fleischer claimed that he and Bush "faithfully and accurately reported" the assessments of the Intelligence community. "Operation Avarice", a covert CIA operation to buy up WMD's in Iraq, did secure over 400 missiles and rockets containing chemical weapons, mostly Sarin nerve-gas, between 2005 and 2006. In some cases the missile's toxicity was over 25%, much higher than expected. Some details of the classified operation were revealed by the NY Times in 2015. Additionally, hundreds and possibly thousands of US troops were exposed to various chemical weapons during cleanup operations when about 5,000 chemical warheads, shells or aviation bombs were located and demolished in Iraq. Some of the cases of exposure were hushed up at the time, as the military did not want to reveal that there were chemical agents around lest they be used by terrorists in conjunction with IEDs.
Torture
In 2003, Fleischer said, "The standard for any type of interrogation of somebody in American custody is to be humane and to follow all international laws and accords dealing with this type subject. That is precisely what has been happening and exactly what will happen." The administration used waterboarding, sleep deprivation and forced nudity against suspected combatants and suspected terrorists.
In 2009, when the Department of Justice of the Obama administration launched a probe into alleged CIA interrogation abuses, Fleischer described the decision as "disgusting." Fleischer said if he were subpoenaed in an investigation of alleged interrogation abuses, "I'll be proud to testify... I'm proud of what we did to protect this country."
Alleged role in Plame affair
Fleischer became an important figure in the CIA leak case; he testified that Scooter Libby, Vice President Dick Cheney's former chief of staff, told him that Valerie Plame was a covert agent weeks before Libby had claimed to have been informed of Plame's status by a reporter.
On July 7, 2003, at The James S. Brady Briefing Room, Fleischer was asked about Joseph Wilson, a former U.S. ambassador who had recently written an editorial for The New York Times criticizing the intelligence information the Bush administration had relied upon to make its case for invading the nation of Iraq. Specifically, Fleischer was asked to respond to Mr. Wilson's assertion that he had been sent to Niger to investigate claims that Saddam Hussein had sought yellowcake uranium and found no evidence that such events had ever occurred.
Fleischer testified in open court on January 29, 2007, that Libby told him on July 7, 2003, at lunch, about Plame, who is Wilson's wife. MSNBC correspondent David Shuster summarized Fleisher's testimony on Hardball with Chris Matthews:
Fleischer also testified to the fact that Dan Bartlett, the president's communications adviser, told him the same thing on Air Force One days later on the way to Niger with President Bush. Fleischer had then relayed this information to Time correspondent John Dickerson and NBC's David Gregory in Uganda during the African trip.
Dickerson denied that such a conversation ever took place. Fleischer gave his final "Press Briefing" on July 14, 2003.
On July 18, 2005, Bloomberg reported that in his sworn testimony before the grand jury investigating the leak, Fleischer denied having seen a memo circulating in Air Force One on July 7, 2003, which named Plame in connection to Wilson's mission and which identified her as a "CIA" covert agent. However, a former Bush Administration official also on the plane testified to having seen Fleischer perusing the document.
Columnist Robert Novak, who published Plame's name on July 14, 2003, made a call to Fleischer on July 7, 2003, before Fleischer's trip to Africa with President Bush. It is unclear whether Fleischer returned Novak's call. However, Fleischer is mentioned in Special Prosecutor Patrick Fitzgerald's indictment of Libby. The indictment states that Libby told Fleischer (referred to as the White House press secretary in the indictment) that Plame worked for the "CIA" and that this fact was not well known.
After receiving an immunity agreement, Fleischer testified that he had revealed Plame's identity to reporters after learning it from Libby. However, in the end it was discovered that Richard Armitage first leaked Plame's identity, not Libby or Cheney.
Consultancy firm
Today he works as a media consultant for various corporations and sports organizations and players through his company, Ari Fleischer Communications. He has consulted for former Canadian prime minister Stephen Harper, Mark McGwire, the Washington Redskins, Tiger Woods and the Green Bay Packers.
Memoir
Fleischer published a memoir, Taking Heat: The President, the Press and My Years in the White House, in 2005. Michiko Kakutani wrote in The New York Times, "[T]his book does not provide any new insights into the workings of the current White House. It does not present compelling portraits of cabinet members or members of the White House supporting cast. And it does not shed new light on the president or his methods of governance." She found the book "insular, defensive and wholly predictable." In Salon.com, Eric Boehlert declared that despite "a few curious nuggets," the book is "long on praise for his boss and criticism of the 'liberal' media, and short on revelations."
Personal life
In November 2002, Fleischer married Rebecca Elizabeth Davis, an employee in the Office of Management and Budget, in an interfaith ceremony. Rabbi Harold S. White officiated the ceremony, with the participation of Rev. Michael J. Kelley, a Roman Catholic priest. They reside in New York with their son and daughter. They have been raising their children Jewish and are members of a synagogue in Westchester, New York. Fleischer's brother, Michael, worked for the Coalition Provisional Authority in Iraq.
He is on the board of the Republican Jewish Coalition.
He enjoys playing baseball and is a member of the two-time President's Cup champion Ridgefield Rockers.
In other media
Fleischer is portrayed by Rob Corddry in Oliver Stone's W., a biographical movie about George W. Bush.
See also
Notes
References
Further reading
Hitchens, Christopher. "Fear Factor: How did we survive Ari Fleischer's reign of terror?" Slate. Monday September 11, 2006.
Klickstein, Mathew. "How to Speak for the President" "Baltimore Jewish Times". Wednesday December 14, 2016
External links
Transcripts of all White House press briefings since 2001
Ari Fleischer Communications
1960 births
American people of Hungarian-Jewish descent
George W. Bush administration personnel
Jewish American government officials
Living people
Middlebury College alumni
New York (state) Republicans
People associated with the Plame affair
People from Pound Ridge, New York
People from Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C. Republicans
White House Press Secretaries | [
"Lawrence Ari Fleischer (born October 13, 1960) is an American media consultant and political aide who served as the 23rd White House Press Secretary, for President George W. Bush, from January 2001 to July 2003.",
"Since leaving the White House, he has worked as a media consultant and commentator.",
"He joined Fox News as a contributor in July 2017.",
"Early life\nFleischer was born in 1960 in New York City, the son of Martha and Alan A. Fleischer.",
"His mother was a database coordinator and his father was owner of an executive recruiting company.",
"His parents were Jewish; his mother is a Hungarian immigrant who lost much of her family in the Holocaust.",
"Both parents were Democrats who were \"horrified\" when Fleischer became a Republican, he told an interviewer in 2003: \"While I lived at home and when I started college, I was a liberal Democrat.",
"In a sense, it was President Carter who drove me out of the Democratic Party and it was President Reagan who welcomed me into the Republican Party.\"",
"He graduated from Fox Lane High School in Bedford, New York, in 1978, and graduated from Middlebury College in Vermont in 1982.",
"Congressional staffer\nUpon his graduation from Middlebury, Fleischer worked as press secretary for Jon S. Fossel, a Republican candidate for a New York congressional seat.",
"Later Fleischer worked as press secretary for Norman Lent.",
"From 1985 to 1988, he was field director for the National Republican Congressional Committee.",
"He went back to being a press secretary in 1988, working for congressman Joseph DioGuardi.",
"Fleischer served as U.S.",
"Senator Pete Domenici's press secretary from 1989 to 1994 and as spokesman for the House of Representatives Ways and Means Committee for five years.",
"He worked as deputy communications director for George H. W. Bush's 1992 reelection campaign.",
"White House press secretary\nAlthough Fleischer served as communications director for Elizabeth Dole during her presidential run in the 2000 election campaign, he joined George W. Bush's presidential campaign after Dole dropped out of the race.",
"When Bush became the President in 2001, he tapped Fleischer to become the first press secretary of his administration.",
"Fleischer is credited with having been the first to introduce the phrase \"homicide bombing\" to describe what has also been called suicide bombing, in April 2002, to emphasize the terrorist connotations of the tactic:\n\nOn May 19, 2003, he announced that he would resign during the summer, citing a desire to spend more time with his wife and to work in the private sector.",
"He was replaced by deputy press secretary Scott McClellan on July 15, 2003.",
"Iraq War \nAs press secretary in the Bush administration, Fleischer was a prominent advocate for the Invasion of Iraq.",
"He made numerous exaggerated and misleading claims about Iraq in the lead-up to the Iraq War, in particular about Iraq's purported WMD program (it did not have one) and the Saddam Hussein regime's purported relationship with al-Qaeda (they did not have an operational relationship).",
"In January 2003, after UN weapons inspectors said they had \"not found any smoking gun\" evidence of an active WMD program, Fleischer said, \"The problem with guns that are hidden is you can't see their smoke... We know for a fact that there are weapons there.\"",
"(there were not) On the issue of whether the Saddam Hussein regime had sought to obtain uranium from Niger, Fleischer said that it was \"an issue that very well may be true.",
"We don’t know if it’s true—but nobody, but nobody, can say it is wrong.\"",
"In his press conferences, he repeatedly insisted that the burden of proof for the non-existence of the Hussein regime's WMD program fell on Saddam Hussein, not on the Bush administration to prove that he did have an active WMD program.",
"On one occasion Fleischer said that Hussein \"has to indicate whether or not he has weapons. . . .",
"If he declares he has none, then we will know that Saddam Hussein is once again misleading the world. . . .",
"If Saddam Hussein indicates that he has weapons of mass destruction and that he is violating United Nations resolutions, then we will know that Saddam Hussein again deceived the world.\"",
"In 2019, Fleischer said, \"It’s a myth that Bush lied\" about Iraq.",
"Fleischer claimed that he and Bush \"faithfully and accurately reported\" the assessments of the Intelligence community.",
"\"Operation Avarice\", a covert CIA operation to buy up WMD's in Iraq, did secure over 400 missiles and rockets containing chemical weapons, mostly Sarin nerve-gas, between 2005 and 2006.",
"In some cases the missile's toxicity was over 25%, much higher than expected.",
"Some details of the classified operation were revealed by the NY Times in 2015.",
"Additionally, hundreds and possibly thousands of US troops were exposed to various chemical weapons during cleanup operations when about 5,000 chemical warheads, shells or aviation bombs were located and demolished in Iraq.",
"Some of the cases of exposure were hushed up at the time, as the military did not want to reveal that there were chemical agents around lest they be used by terrorists in conjunction with IEDs.",
"Torture \nIn 2003, Fleischer said, \"The standard for any type of interrogation of somebody in American custody is to be humane and to follow all international laws and accords dealing with this type subject.",
"That is precisely what has been happening and exactly what will happen.\"",
"The administration used waterboarding, sleep deprivation and forced nudity against suspected combatants and suspected terrorists.",
"In 2009, when the Department of Justice of the Obama administration launched a probe into alleged CIA interrogation abuses, Fleischer described the decision as \"disgusting.\"",
"Fleischer said if he were subpoenaed in an investigation of alleged interrogation abuses, \"I'll be proud to testify...",
"I'm proud of what we did to protect this country.\"",
"Alleged role in Plame affair\n\nFleischer became an important figure in the CIA leak case; he testified that Scooter Libby, Vice President Dick Cheney's former chief of staff, told him that Valerie Plame was a covert agent weeks before Libby had claimed to have been informed of Plame's status by a reporter.",
"On July 7, 2003, at The James S. Brady Briefing Room, Fleischer was asked about Joseph Wilson, a former U.S. ambassador who had recently written an editorial for The New York Times criticizing the intelligence information the Bush administration had relied upon to make its case for invading the nation of Iraq.",
"Specifically, Fleischer was asked to respond to Mr. Wilson's assertion that he had been sent to Niger to investigate claims that Saddam Hussein had sought yellowcake uranium and found no evidence that such events had ever occurred.",
"Fleischer testified in open court on January 29, 2007, that Libby told him on July 7, 2003, at lunch, about Plame, who is Wilson's wife.",
"MSNBC correspondent David Shuster summarized Fleisher's testimony on Hardball with Chris Matthews:\n\nFleischer also testified to the fact that Dan Bartlett, the president's communications adviser, told him the same thing on Air Force One days later on the way to Niger with President Bush.",
"Fleischer had then relayed this information to Time correspondent John Dickerson and NBC's David Gregory in Uganda during the African trip.",
"Dickerson denied that such a conversation ever took place.",
"Fleischer gave his final \"Press Briefing\" on July 14, 2003.",
"On July 18, 2005, Bloomberg reported that in his sworn testimony before the grand jury investigating the leak, Fleischer denied having seen a memo circulating in Air Force One on July 7, 2003, which named Plame in connection to Wilson's mission and which identified her as a \"CIA\" covert agent.",
"However, a former Bush Administration official also on the plane testified to having seen Fleischer perusing the document.",
"Columnist Robert Novak, who published Plame's name on July 14, 2003, made a call to Fleischer on July 7, 2003, before Fleischer's trip to Africa with President Bush.",
"It is unclear whether Fleischer returned Novak's call.",
"However, Fleischer is mentioned in Special Prosecutor Patrick Fitzgerald's indictment of Libby.",
"The indictment states that Libby told Fleischer (referred to as the White House press secretary in the indictment) that Plame worked for the \"CIA\" and that this fact was not well known.",
"After receiving an immunity agreement, Fleischer testified that he had revealed Plame's identity to reporters after learning it from Libby.",
"However, in the end it was discovered that Richard Armitage first leaked Plame's identity, not Libby or Cheney.",
"Consultancy firm\nToday he works as a media consultant for various corporations and sports organizations and players through his company, Ari Fleischer Communications.",
"He has consulted for former Canadian prime minister Stephen Harper, Mark McGwire, the Washington Redskins, Tiger Woods and the Green Bay Packers.",
"Memoir\nFleischer published a memoir, Taking Heat: The President, the Press and My Years in the White House, in 2005.",
"Michiko Kakutani wrote in The New York Times, \"[T]his book does not provide any new insights into the workings of the current White House.",
"It does not present compelling portraits of cabinet members or members of the White House supporting cast.",
"And it does not shed new light on the president or his methods of governance.\"",
"She found the book \"insular, defensive and wholly predictable.\"",
"In Salon.com, Eric Boehlert declared that despite \"a few curious nuggets,\" the book is \"long on praise for his boss and criticism of the 'liberal' media, and short on revelations.\"",
"Personal life\nIn November 2002, Fleischer married Rebecca Elizabeth Davis, an employee in the Office of Management and Budget, in an interfaith ceremony.",
"Rabbi Harold S. White officiated the ceremony, with the participation of Rev.",
"Michael J. Kelley, a Roman Catholic priest.",
"They reside in New York with their son and daughter.",
"They have been raising their children Jewish and are members of a synagogue in Westchester, New York.",
"Fleischer's brother, Michael, worked for the Coalition Provisional Authority in Iraq.",
"He is on the board of the Republican Jewish Coalition.",
"He enjoys playing baseball and is a member of the two-time President's Cup champion Ridgefield Rockers.",
"In other media\nFleischer is portrayed by Rob Corddry in Oliver Stone's W., a biographical movie about George W. Bush.",
"See also\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading\n Hitchens, Christopher.",
"\"Fear Factor: How did we survive Ari Fleischer's reign of terror?\"",
"Slate.",
"Monday September 11, 2006.",
"Klickstein, Mathew.",
"\"How to Speak for the President\" \"Baltimore Jewish Times\".",
"Wednesday December 14, 2016\n\nExternal links\n\n Transcripts of all White House press briefings since 2001\n Ari Fleischer Communications\n \n\n1960 births\nAmerican people of Hungarian-Jewish descent\nGeorge W. Bush administration personnel\nJewish American government officials\nLiving people\nMiddlebury College alumni\nNew York (state) Republicans\nPeople associated with the Plame affair\nPeople from Pound Ridge, New York\nPeople from Washington, D.C.\nWashington, D.C. Republicans\nWhite House Press Secretaries"
] | [
"From January 2001 to July 2003 Lawrence Ari Fleischer was the White House Press Secretary for President George W. Bush.",
"He worked as a media consultant after leaving the White House.",
"He joined Fox News as a contributor.",
"Fleischer was the son of Martha and Alan A. Fleischer.",
"His father was the owner of an executive recruiting company.",
"His mother was a Hungarian immigrant who lost most of her family in the Holocaust.",
"When Fleischer became a Republican, his parents were horrified and he was a liberal Democrat.",
"President Carter drove me out of the Democratic Party and President Reagan welcomed me into the Republican Party.",
"He graduated from Fox Lane High School in New York in 1978 and from Middlebury College in Vermont in 1982.",
"Fleischer worked as a press secretary for Jon S. Fossel, a Republican candidate for a New York congressional seat.",
"Fleischer was a press secretary for Norman Lent.",
"He was the field director for the National Republican Congressional Committee from 1985 to 1988.",
"He went back to being a press secretary in 1988.",
"Fleischer was in the U.S.",
"The spokesman for the House of Representatives Ways and Means Committee for five years was Pete Domenici's press secretary.",
"He worked on the George H. W. Bush reelection campaign.",
"White House press secretary Although Fleischer served as communications director for Elizabeth Dole during her presidential run in the 2000 election campaign, he joined George W. Bush's presidential campaign after Dole dropped out of the race.",
"The first press secretary of Bush's administration was Fleischer.",
"In April 2002, Fleischer was credited with being the first to introduce the phrase \"homicide bombing\" to describe what has also been called suicide bombing, to emphasize the terrorist connotations of the tactic.",
"He was replaced by Scott McClellan.",
"As press secretary in the Bush administration, Fleischer advocated for the invasion of Iraq.",
"In the lead-up to the Iraq War, he made a number of exaggerated and misleading claims about Iraq, including that it did not have a WMD program and that it had an operational relationship with al-Qaeda.",
"In January 2003 after UN weapons inspectors said they had \"not found any smoking gun\" evidence of an active WMD program, Fleischer said, \"The problem with guns that are hidden is you can't see their smoke.\"",
"Fleischer said that the issue of whether the Saddam Hussein regime had sought to obtain uranium from Niger was \"an issue that very well may be true.\"",
"We don't know if it's true, but nobody can say it's wrong.",
"The burden of proof for the non-existence of the Hussein regime's WMD program was on Saddam Hussein, not on the Bush administration, he insisted in his press conferences.",
"Fleischer said that Hussein had to indicate whether or not he had weapons.",
"Saddam Hussein is once again misleading the world if he declares he has none.",
"If Saddam Hussein indicates that he has weapons of mass destruction and that he is violating United Nations resolutions, we will know that he lied to the world before.",
"Fleischer said it was a myth that Bush lied about Iraq.",
"The assessments of the Intelligence community were accurately reported by Fleischer and Bush.",
"Over 400 missiles and rockets containing chemical weapons, mostly sarin nerve-gas, were secured by a covert CIA operation in Iraq.",
"The missile's toxicity was higher than expected in some cases.",
"The NY Times revealed some details of a classified operation.",
"Hundreds and possibly thousands of US troops were exposed to various chemical weapons when about 5,000 chemical warheads, shells or aviation bombs were located and demolished in Iraq.",
"At the time, the military did not want to reveal that there were chemical agents around because they could be used by terrorists.",
"According to Fleischer, the standard for any type of interrogation of someone in American custody is to be humane and follow all international laws.",
"That is what has been happening and what will happen.",
"Waterboarding, sleep deprivation and forced nudity were used by the administration.",
"In 2009, when the Department of Justice of the Obama administration launched a probe into alleged CIA interrogation abuses, Fleischer described the decision as \"disgusting.\"",
"If subpoenaed, Fleischer said he would be proud to testify.",
"I'm proud of what we did.",
"Fleischer was an important figure in the CIA leak case because he testified that Scooter Libby told him that Plame was a covert agent.",
"On July 7, 2003 at The James S. Brady Briefing Room, Fleischer was asked about Joseph Wilson, a former U.S. ambassador who had recently written an editorial for The New York Times questioning the intelligence information the Bush administration had relied upon to make its case for invading the nation",
"Fleischer was asked to respond to Mr. Wilson's claim that he had been sent to investigate the claims that Saddam Hussein had sought yellowcake.",
"On January 29, 2007, Fleischer testified that he was told on July 7, 2003 that Plame was Wilson's wife.",
"On Hardball with Chris Matthews, Fleisher testified that he was told the same thing on Air Force One by Dan Bartlett, the president's communications adviser.",
"During the African trip, Fleischer relayed this information to Time correspondent John Dickerson and NBC's David Gregory.",
"Dickerson denied that a conversation ever took place.",
"On July 14, 2003 Fleischer gave his final press conference.",
"In his testimony before the grand jury investigating the leak, Fleischer denied having seen a memo circulating in Air Force One on July 7, 2003 which named Plame in connection to Wilson's mission and which identified her as a \"CIA\" covert agent.",
"A former Bush Administration official testified that he saw Fleischer look at the document.",
"Fleischer's trip to Africa with President Bush was preceded by a call from Robert Novak, who published Plame's name.",
"It is not known if Fleischer returned Novak's call.",
"Fleischer is mentioned in the indictment.",
"The indictment states that when Fleischer was the White House press secretary, he was told that Plame worked for the \"CIA\" and that this fact was not well known.",
"After receiving immunity, Fleischer testified that he had revealed Plame's identity to reporters.",
"In the end it was discovered that Plame's identity was leaked by Richard Armitage.",
"He is a media consultant for various corporations and sports organizations through his company, Ari Fleischer Communications.",
"He has worked for StephenHarper, Mark McGwire, Tiger Woods, and the Green Bay Packers.",
"Fleischer's memoir, Taking Heat: The President, the Press and My Years in the White House, was published in 2005.",
"Michiko Kakutani wrote in The New York Times that his book did not provide any new insights into the workings of the current White House.",
"There are no compelling portraits of members of the White House supporting cast.",
"It doesn't shed new light on the president's methods of governance.",
"The book was \"insular, defensive and wholly predictable.\"",
"According to Eric Boehlert in Salon.com, the book is long on praise for his boss and criticism of the 'liberal' media, and short on revelations.",
"In November 2002, Fleischer married Rebecca Elizabeth Davis, an employee in the Office of Management and Budget.",
"The ceremony was presided over by Rabbi Harold S. White.",
"A Roman Catholic priest is Michael J. Kelley.",
"They have a son and daughter in New York.",
"They are members of a synagogue in Westchester, New York.",
"Michael Fleischer worked for the Coalition in Iraq.",
"He is a member of the Republican Jewish Coalition.",
"He is a member of the two-time President's Cup champion Ridgefield Rockers.",
"In Oliver Stone's W., Fleischer is portrayed by Rob Corddry.",
"Further reading Hitchens, Christopher can be found in the Notes References.",
"How did we survive Ari Fleischer's reign of terror?",
"Slate.",
"September 11, 2006",
"Mathew Klickstein.",
"\"How to Speak for the President\" is a book by the Baltimore Jewish Times.",
"The White House has a transcript of all their press briefings since 2001."
] | <mask> (born October 13, 1960) is an American media consultant and political aide who served as the 23rd White House Press Secretary, for President George W. Bush, from January 2001 to July 2003. Since leaving the White House, he has worked as a media consultant and commentator. He joined Fox News as a contributor in July 2017. Early life
<mask> was born in 1960 in New York City, the son of Martha and Alan A<mask>. His mother was a database coordinator and his father was owner of an executive recruiting company. His parents were Jewish; his mother is a Hungarian immigrant who lost much of her family in the Holocaust. Both parents were Democrats who were "horrified" when Fleischer became a Republican, he told an interviewer in 2003: "While I lived at home and when I started college, I was a liberal Democrat.In a sense, it was President Carter who drove me out of the Democratic Party and it was President Reagan who welcomed me into the Republican Party." He graduated from Fox Lane High School in Bedford, New York, in 1978, and graduated from Middlebury College in Vermont in 1982. Congressional staffer
Upon his graduation from Middlebury, Fleischer worked as press secretary for Jon S. Fossel, a Republican candidate for a New York congressional seat. Later Fleischer worked as press secretary for Norman Lent. From 1985 to 1988, he was field director for the National Republican Congressional Committee. He went back to being a press secretary in 1988, working for congressman Joseph DioGuardi. Fleischer served as U.S.Senator Pete Domenici's press secretary from 1989 to 1994 and as spokesman for the House of Representatives Ways and Means Committee for five years. He worked as deputy communications director for George H. W. Bush's 1992 reelection campaign. White House press secretary
Although Fleischer served as communications director for Elizabeth Dole during her presidential run in the 2000 election campaign, he joined George W. Bush's presidential campaign after Dole dropped out of the race. When Bush became the President in 2001, he tapped Fleischer to become the first press secretary of his administration. Fleischer is credited with having been the first to introduce the phrase "homicide bombing" to describe what has also been called suicide bombing, in April 2002, to emphasize the terrorist connotations of the tactic:
On May 19, 2003, he announced that he would resign during the summer, citing a desire to spend more time with his wife and to work in the private sector. He was replaced by deputy press secretary Scott McClellan on July 15, 2003. Iraq War
As press secretary in the Bush administration, Fleischer was a prominent advocate for the Invasion of Iraq.He made numerous exaggerated and misleading claims about Iraq in the lead-up to the Iraq War, in particular about Iraq's purported WMD program (it did not have one) and the Saddam Hussein regime's purported relationship with al-Qaeda (they did not have an operational relationship). In January 2003, after UN weapons inspectors said they had "not found any smoking gun" evidence of an active WMD program, Fleischer said, "The problem with guns that are hidden is you can't see their smoke... We know for a fact that there are weapons there." (there were not) On the issue of whether the Saddam Hussein regime had sought to obtain uranium from Niger, Fleischer said that it was "an issue that very well may be true. We don’t know if it’s true—but nobody, but nobody, can say it is wrong." In his press conferences, he repeatedly insisted that the burden of proof for the non-existence of the Hussein regime's WMD program fell on Saddam Hussein, not on the Bush administration to prove that he did have an active WMD program. On one occasion Fleischer said that Hussein "has to indicate whether or not he has weapons. . . . If he declares he has none, then we will know that Saddam Hussein is once again misleading the world. . . .If Saddam Hussein indicates that he has weapons of mass destruction and that he is violating United Nations resolutions, then we will know that Saddam Hussein again deceived the world." In 2019, Fleischer said, "It’s a myth that Bush lied" about Iraq. Fleischer claimed that he and Bush "faithfully and accurately reported" the assessments of the Intelligence community. "Operation Avarice", a covert CIA operation to buy up WMD's in Iraq, did secure over 400 missiles and rockets containing chemical weapons, mostly Sarin nerve-gas, between 2005 and 2006. In some cases the missile's toxicity was over 25%, much higher than expected. Some details of the classified operation were revealed by the NY Times in 2015. Additionally, hundreds and possibly thousands of US troops were exposed to various chemical weapons during cleanup operations when about 5,000 chemical warheads, shells or aviation bombs were located and demolished in Iraq.Some of the cases of exposure were hushed up at the time, as the military did not want to reveal that there were chemical agents around lest they be used by terrorists in conjunction with IEDs. Torture
In 2003, Fleischer said, "The standard for any type of interrogation of somebody in American custody is to be humane and to follow all international laws and accords dealing with this type subject. That is precisely what has been happening and exactly what will happen." The administration used waterboarding, sleep deprivation and forced nudity against suspected combatants and suspected terrorists. In 2009, when the Department of Justice of the Obama administration launched a probe into alleged CIA interrogation abuses, Fleischer described the decision as "disgusting." Fleischer said if he were subpoenaed in an investigation of alleged interrogation abuses, "I'll be proud to testify... I'm proud of what we did to protect this country."Alleged role in Plame affair
Fleischer became an important figure in the CIA leak case; he testified that Scooter Libby, Vice President Dick Cheney's former chief of staff, told him that Valerie Plame was a covert agent weeks before Libby had claimed to have been informed of Plame's status by a reporter. On July 7, 2003, at The James S. Brady Briefing Room, Fleischer was asked about Joseph Wilson, a former U.S. ambassador who had recently written an editorial for The New York Times criticizing the intelligence information the Bush administration had relied upon to make its case for invading the nation of Iraq. Specifically, Fleischer was asked to respond to Mr. Wilson's assertion that he had been sent to Niger to investigate claims that Saddam Hussein had sought yellowcake uranium and found no evidence that such events had ever occurred. Fleischer testified in open court on January 29, 2007, that Libby told him on July 7, 2003, at lunch, about Plame, who is Wilson's wife. MSNBC correspondent David Shuster summarized Fleisher's testimony on Hardball with Chris Matthews:
Fleischer also testified to the fact that Dan Bartlett, the president's communications adviser, told him the same thing on Air Force One days later on the way to Niger with President Bush. Fleischer had then relayed this information to Time correspondent John Dickerson and NBC's David Gregory in Uganda during the African trip. Dickerson denied that such a conversation ever took place.Fleischer gave his final "Press Briefing" on July 14, 2003. On July 18, 2005, Bloomberg reported that in his sworn testimony before the grand jury investigating the leak, Fleischer denied having seen a memo circulating in Air Force One on July 7, 2003, which named Plame in connection to Wilson's mission and which identified her as a "CIA" covert agent. However, a former Bush Administration official also on the plane testified to having seen Fleischer perusing the document. Columnist Robert Novak, who published Plame's name on July 14, 2003, made a call to Fleischer on July 7, 2003, before Fleischer's trip to Africa with President Bush. It is unclear whether Fleischer returned Novak's call. However, Fleischer is mentioned in Special Prosecutor Patrick Fitzgerald's indictment of Libby. The indictment states that Libby told Fleischer (referred to as the White House press secretary in the indictment) that Plame worked for the "CIA" and that this fact was not well known.After receiving an immunity agreement, Fleischer testified that he had revealed Plame's identity to reporters after learning it from Libby. However, in the end it was discovered that Richard Armitage first leaked Plame's identity, not Libby or Cheney. Consultancy firm
Today he works as a media consultant for various corporations and sports organizations and players through his company, Ari Fleischer Communications. He has consulted for former Canadian prime minister Stephen Harper, Mark McGwire, the Washington Redskins, Tiger Woods and the Green Bay Packers. Memoir
Fleischer published a memoir, Taking Heat: The President, the Press and My Years in the White House, in 2005. Michiko Kakutani wrote in The New York Times, "[T]his book does not provide any new insights into the workings of the current White House. It does not present compelling portraits of cabinet members or members of the White House supporting cast.And it does not shed new light on the president or his methods of governance." She found the book "insular, defensive and wholly predictable." In Salon.com, Eric Boehlert declared that despite "a few curious nuggets," the book is "long on praise for his boss and criticism of the 'liberal' media, and short on revelations." Personal life
In November 2002, Fleischer married Rebecca Elizabeth Davis, an employee in the Office of Management and Budget, in an interfaith ceremony. Rabbi Harold S. White officiated the ceremony, with the participation of Rev. Michael J. Kelley, a Roman Catholic priest. They reside in New York with their son and daughter.They have been raising their children Jewish and are members of a synagogue in Westchester, New York. Fleischer's brother, Michael, worked for the Coalition Provisional Authority in Iraq. He is on the board of the Republican Jewish Coalition. He enjoys playing baseball and is a member of the two-time President's Cup champion Ridgefield Rockers. In other media
<mask> is portrayed by Rob Corddry in Oliver Stone's W., a biographical movie about George W. Bush. See also
Notes
References
Further reading
Hitchens, Christopher. "Fear Factor: How did we survive <mask>'s reign of terror?"Slate. Monday September 11, 2006. Klickstein, Mathew. "How to Speak for the President" "Baltimore Jewish Times". Wednesday December 14, 2016
External links
Transcripts of all White House press briefings since 2001
Ari Fleischer Communications
1960 births
American people of Hungarian-Jewish descent
George W. Bush administration personnel
Jewish American government officials
Living people
Middlebury College alumni
New York (state) Republicans
People associated with the Plame affair
People from Pound Ridge, New York
People from Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C. Republicans
White House Press Secretaries | [
"Lawrence Ari Fleischer",
"Fleischer",
". Fleischer",
"Fleischer",
"Ari Fleischer"
] | From January 2001 to July 2003 <mask> was the White House Press Secretary for President George W. Bush. He worked as a media consultant after leaving the White House. He joined Fox News as a contributor. Fleischer was the son of Martha and Alan A<mask>. His father was the owner of an executive recruiting company. His mother was a Hungarian immigrant who lost most of her family in the Holocaust. When Fleischer became a Republican, his parents were horrified and he was a liberal Democrat.President Carter drove me out of the Democratic Party and President Reagan welcomed me into the Republican Party. He graduated from Fox Lane High School in New York in 1978 and from Middlebury College in Vermont in 1982. Fleischer worked as a press secretary for Jon S. Fossel, a Republican candidate for a New York congressional seat. Fleischer was a press secretary for Norman Lent. He was the field director for the National Republican Congressional Committee from 1985 to 1988. He went back to being a press secretary in 1988. Fleischer was in the U.S.The spokesman for the House of Representatives Ways and Means Committee for five years was Pete Domenici's press secretary. He worked on the George H. W. Bush reelection campaign. White House press secretary Although Fleischer served as communications director for Elizabeth Dole during her presidential run in the 2000 election campaign, he joined George W. Bush's presidential campaign after Dole dropped out of the race. The first press secretary of Bush's administration was Fleischer. In April 2002, Fleischer was credited with being the first to introduce the phrase "homicide bombing" to describe what has also been called suicide bombing, to emphasize the terrorist connotations of the tactic. He was replaced by Scott McClellan. As press secretary in the Bush administration, Fleischer advocated for the invasion of Iraq.In the lead-up to the Iraq War, he made a number of exaggerated and misleading claims about Iraq, including that it did not have a WMD program and that it had an operational relationship with al-Qaeda. In January 2003 after UN weapons inspectors said they had "not found any smoking gun" evidence of an active WMD program, Fleischer said, "The problem with guns that are hidden is you can't see their smoke." Fleischer said that the issue of whether the Saddam Hussein regime had sought to obtain uranium from Niger was "an issue that very well may be true." We don't know if it's true, but nobody can say it's wrong. The burden of proof for the non-existence of the Hussein regime's WMD program was on Saddam Hussein, not on the Bush administration, he insisted in his press conferences. Fleischer said that Hussein had to indicate whether or not he had weapons. Saddam Hussein is once again misleading the world if he declares he has none.If Saddam Hussein indicates that he has weapons of mass destruction and that he is violating United Nations resolutions, we will know that he lied to the world before. Fleischer said it was a myth that Bush lied about Iraq. The assessments of the Intelligence community were accurately reported by Fleischer and Bush. Over 400 missiles and rockets containing chemical weapons, mostly sarin nerve-gas, were secured by a covert CIA operation in Iraq. The missile's toxicity was higher than expected in some cases. The NY Times revealed some details of a classified operation. Hundreds and possibly thousands of US troops were exposed to various chemical weapons when about 5,000 chemical warheads, shells or aviation bombs were located and demolished in Iraq.At the time, the military did not want to reveal that there were chemical agents around because they could be used by terrorists. According to Fleischer, the standard for any type of interrogation of someone in American custody is to be humane and follow all international laws. That is what has been happening and what will happen. Waterboarding, sleep deprivation and forced nudity were used by the administration. In 2009, when the Department of Justice of the Obama administration launched a probe into alleged CIA interrogation abuses, Fleischer described the decision as "disgusting." If subpoenaed, Fleischer said he would be proud to testify. I'm proud of what we did.Fleischer was an important figure in the CIA leak case because he testified that Scooter Libby told him that Plame was a covert agent. On July 7, 2003 at The James S. Brady Briefing Room, Fleischer was asked about Joseph Wilson, a former U.S. ambassador who had recently written an editorial for The New York Times questioning the intelligence information the Bush administration had relied upon to make its case for invading the nation Fleischer was asked to respond to Mr. Wilson's claim that he had been sent to investigate the claims that Saddam Hussein had sought yellowcake. On January 29, 2007, Fleischer testified that he was told on July 7, 2003 that Plame was Wilson's wife. On Hardball with Chris Matthews, Fleisher testified that he was told the same thing on Air Force One by Dan Bartlett, the president's communications adviser. During the African trip, Fleischer relayed this information to Time correspondent John Dickerson and NBC's David Gregory. Dickerson denied that a conversation ever took place.On July 14, 2003 <mask> gave his final press conference. In his testimony before the grand jury investigating the leak, Fleischer denied having seen a memo circulating in Air Force One on July 7, 2003 which named Plame in connection to Wilson's mission and which identified her as a "CIA" covert agent. A former Bush Administration official testified that he saw Fleischer look at the document. Fleischer's trip to Africa with President Bush was preceded by a call from Robert Novak, who published Plame's name. It is not known if Fleischer returned Novak's call. Fleischer is mentioned in the indictment. The indictment states that when Fleischer was the White House press secretary, he was told that Plame worked for the "CIA" and that this fact was not well known.After receiving immunity, Fleischer testified that he had revealed Plame's identity to reporters. In the end it was discovered that Plame's identity was leaked by Richard Armitage. He is a media consultant for various corporations and sports organizations through his company, Ari Fleischer Communications. He has worked for StephenHarper, Mark McGwire, Tiger Woods, and the Green Bay Packers. <mask>'s memoir, Taking Heat: The President, the Press and My Years in the White House, was published in 2005. Michiko Kakutani wrote in The New York Times that his book did not provide any new insights into the workings of the current White House. There are no compelling portraits of members of the White House supporting cast.It doesn't shed new light on the president's methods of governance. The book was "insular, defensive and wholly predictable." According to Eric Boehlert in Salon.com, the book is long on praise for his boss and criticism of the 'liberal' media, and short on revelations. In November 2002, Fleischer married Rebecca Elizabeth Davis, an employee in the Office of Management and Budget. The ceremony was presided over by Rabbi Harold S. White. A Roman Catholic priest is Michael J. Kelley. They have a son and daughter in New York.They are members of a synagogue in Westchester, New York. <mask> worked for the Coalition in Iraq. He is a member of the Republican Jewish Coalition. He is a member of the two-time President's Cup champion Ridgefield Rockers. In Oliver Stone's W., Fleischer is portrayed by Rob Corddry. Further reading Hitchens, Christopher can be found in the Notes References. How did we survive <mask>'s reign of terror?Slate. September 11, 2006 Mathew Klickstein. "How to Speak for the President" is a book by the Baltimore Jewish Times. The White House has a transcript of all their press briefings since 2001. | [
"Lawrence Ari Fleischer",
". Fleischer",
"Fleischer",
"Fleischer",
"Michael Fleischer",
"Ari Fleischer"
] |
15627817 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Le%20Myre%20de%20Vilers | Charles Le Myre de Vilers | Charles-Marie Le Myre de Vilers (17 February 1833 – 9 March 1918) was French naval officer, then departmental administrator.
He was governor of the colony of Cochinchina (1879–1882) and resident-general of Madagascar (1886–1888).
He was a member of the French National Assembly from 1889 to 1902, representing Cochinchina.
Life
Early years (1833–61)
Charles-Marie Le Myre de Vilers was born in Vendôme, Loir-et-Cher, on 17 February 1833.
His parents were Cyprien Le Myre de Vilers, a colonel in the Cavalry, and Claire Hême (1808–1848).
Charles decided on a career in the navy, entered the Naval School in 1849, was a midshipman in 1853 and a Lieutenant in 1855.
He was made a Knight of the Legion of Honour on 13 August 1859.
Departmental administration (1861–79)
Le Myre de Vilers left the navy in 1861 and joined the prefectural administration.
On 22 April 1862 he married Isabelle Hennet (born 1841) in Paris.
Their children included Hélène, Jean (1866–1934) and Madeleine (1870–1894).
Le Myre de Vilers was appointed sub-prefect of Joigny on 1 March 1863, then sub-prefect of Bergerac on 30 October 1867.
He was appointed Prefect of Algiers in November 1869.
During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 Le Myre de Vilers rejoined the navy and served as lieutenant de vaisseau.
He was orderly officer to Admiral de La Roncière(fr), commanding the seamen's corps during the Siege of Paris.
For his conduct during the siege he was awarded the rosette of the Legion of Honour on 26 January 1871.
He left the navy a month later and rejoined the prefectural administration.
On 26 March 1873 he was appointed Prefect of Haute-Vienne.
He was director of civil and financial affairs in Algeria from 1877 to 1879, appointed at the request of General Antoine Chanzy.
Colonial administrator (1879–89)
Cochinchina and Cambodia
On 11 August 1863 Admiral Pierre-Paul de La Grandière signed a Treaty of Friendship, Trade and French Protection with King Norodom of Cambodia.
The French privatized land ownership, collected taxes and put down a rebellion in 1867.
A dispute over the power of King Norodom of Cambodia begin in 1874 when a stream of crates addressed to the king began to arrive in Saigon, sent from France by the businessman Thomas Caraman.
The last crates arrived in 1876 and contained a wonderful gilded screen for the royal throne chamber, but nobody from the palace came to claim the crates.
A trial began in October 1874 with Caraman trying to collect payment from the King.
The French state attorney and the Cambodian grand mandarin both refused to hear the case, since the idea that a king should be tried in court was unprecedented.
In 1877 Caraman returned to France to drum up support, and in March 1878 six senators wrote a letter to the Minister of the Marine and Colonies asking him to ensure Caraman received justice.
The Minister instructed Governor Louis Charles Georges Jules Lafont to resolve the affair.
Le Myre de Vilers was appointed the first civilian governor of Cochinchina on 13 May 1879, and Minister Plenipotentiary at the Court of Annam.
He inherited the dispute between Caraman and Norodon.
He tried his best to resolve the problem.
One idea, later abandoned, was to raffle off the gilded screen.
Le Myre de Vilers sent the politician Jules Blancsubé to negotiate with Norodom in Phnom Penh, but he did not succeed.
Eventually the king agreed to buy the screen for 25,000 piasters, half of Caraman's price, as a gesture of friendship to the governor, and on 21 February 1881 22 chests containing the screen were shipped off to Phnom Penh.
In December 1881 Le Myre de Vilers forced Norodom to accept a convention under which Saigon's Conseil Privé could rule over disputes like this.
He wrote,
Le Myre de Vilers tried to define a clear distinction between civil and military responsibilities, to draft a penal code, to create district councils, a Saigon city council and a Council of the colony of Conchinchina.
He also began construction of a road and rail network.
He was hostile to the Tonkin Campaign, which caused his dismissal in May 1882.
He retired in 1883.
In June 1884 his successor Charles Thomson forced Norodom to sign a new agreement and started to consider outright annexation of Cambodia.
Madagascar
Le Myre de Vilers was recalled to the service on 9 March 1886 by Charles de Freycinet, who appointed him Plenipotentiary Minister 1st Class and Resident General in Madagascar, a position newly created by the Franco-Malagasy treaty of 17 December 1885.
He arrived in Antananarivo on 14 May 1886.
His task was to ensure the application of the 17 December 1885 Franco-Malagasy treaty, whose interpretation was disputed.
Prime Minister Rainilaiarivony relied on the Patrimonio-Miot interpretive letter, which Le Myre de Vilers rejected.
He managed to get the Malagasy government to take out a loan from the Comptoir national d'escompte de Paris in order to pay the 10 million francs compensation agreed in the treaty.
He could not get agreement on the boundaries of the territory of Diego-Suarez, which the French troops eventually defined unilaterally.
Le Myre de Vilers was active in construction of the Antananarivo-Toamasina telegraph line, completed in 1888.
He maintained good relations with the court of Antananarivo, and had great respect for Prime Minister Rainilaiarivony.
He wrote on 10 June 1886 to the Minister of Foreign Affairs that, "My task is laborious because I have to deal with a man of real value, a man with extreme skill who, on a larger stage, would be considered a genius".
Le Myre de Vilers took leave in France from March to November 1888.
On his return he presented Queen Ranavalona III with the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour.
In December 1888 he was himself made a Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour.
Deputy (1889–1902)
Le Myre de Vilers left his post in Madagascar in July 1889 to run for Deputy of Cochinchina.
He was elected to the Chamber of Deputies as representative of French Cochinchina on 12 December 1889 and was reelected on 20 August 1893 and on 8 May 1898, holding office until 31 May 1902.
Le Myre de Vilers was a member of the committees on the navy and the colonies.
He wrote many reports on aspects such as budgets, organization and development of colonies.
In 1890 he supported creation of an Colonial Office independent of the navy.
Dispute with Siam
The French claimed authority to all land east of the Mekong, and in April 1893 sent French and Annamite troops into Laos to evict Siamese officials and troops from that region.
They met resistance.
Phra Yot, the Siamese Commissioner of Khammouane, had the French Inspector Grosgurin and his escort massacred.
On 20 July 1893 the French parliament issued an ultimatum to Siam (Thailand) demanding that Bangkok relinquish all claims to the east bank of the Mekong, pay indemnity to the victims of Siamese aggression and punish the officers responsible for attacks on French troops.
The deputies also agreed that Jules Develle, the Foreign Minister, should send Le Myre de Vilers to Bangkok to negotiate a treaty to guarantee French rights along the Mekong and to obtain compensation from Siam.
The Siamese responded by agreeing to withdraw their troops, pay the indemnity and punish any individuals who had acted unlawfully, but asked for international arbitration over the territorial claims and a joint commission to investigate the French claims for indemnity.
Develle considered this response "insolent" and "unsatisfactory", imposed a blockade on 26 July 1893 and issued a second ultimatum, which the Siamese accepted rather than lose yet more territory.
Le Myre de Vilers arrived in Bangkok on 16 August 1893.
He openly intended to impose "very harsh" measures on the Siamese and thought it a waste of time to negotiate with them.
At his second meeting with Prince Devawongse Varoprakar, who represented Siam, he asked the prince to sign a copy of the proposed Treaty of Peace and Friendship.
The prince politely refused, since he had not examined the document.
Le Myre de Vilers then told him the French warships in the Gulf of Siam could at any moment make matters quickly change for the worse.
Le Myre de Vilers demanded that Phra Yot be tried before a Franco-Siamese Mixed Court dominated by the French, while the Siamese offered a trial by a court of "competent Siamese authorities in conjunction with the [French] consul."
On 29 September 1893 Le Myre de Vilers handed a draft Treaty and draft Convention to Devewongse and said he would leave for Saigon in four days with or without an agreement.
When examined, the convention was found to include a proposal that Phra Yot be tried by a Mixed Franco-Siamese Court, which the Siamese found completely unacceptable.
At a final meeting on 1 October 1893 Le Myre de Vilers refused to alter the Convention but agreed to append a procès-verbal to address Siamese concerns.
The exhausted Prince finally gave in and signed the Treaty and Convention to avoid the risk of war against superior French forces.
Return to Madagascar
After Le Myre de Vilers left Madagascar the situation deteriorated.
In late June 1894 the French resident general, Paul Augustin Jean Larrouy, said the state of affairs in Tananarive was very tense.
On 9 September 1894 French Foreign Minister Gabriel Hanotaux ordered Larrouy to return to France "on vacation" and ordered women and children to be evacuated to a coastal point where three gunboats would be waiting.
On 12 September Hanotaux spoke in the Chamber of Deputies about the many ways in which the French were being harassed in Madagascar.
The government was sending Le Myre de Vilers as its plenipoteniary.
He would take a treaty that covered the four main grievances, all of which must be accepted or France would seek a non-negotiated settlement.
Le Myre de Vilers returned to Tananarive on 14 October 1894.
He requested an audience with the prime minister as soon as he arrived in the capital.
When Rainilaiarivony delayed the meeting, Le Myre de Vilers sent a copy of the treaty with a deadline of five days to accept it.
The two men met on 21 October 1884.
Le Myre de Vilers warned the prime minister, "Let your Excellency be under no illusion. The result of any war can be foreseen: it will be a shattering defeat of the Malagasy people."
He said the French government was not satisfied with the Malagasy justice system, which had corrupt officials and made little effort to apprehend criminals, and was considering taking control over internal affairs.
The Malagasy government replied on 24 October 1884, saying the French could handle external relations but other rights under the 1885 treaty were abrogated.
Le Myre de Vilers wrote a personal letter to Rainilairivony in which he advised him to fully accept the French demands.
When it became clear that there would be no reply the remaining French residents prepared to leave for the coast.
Le Myre and the other members of the French mission reached Tamatave on 4 November 1884.
In his last dispatch to Hanotaux he acknowledged that the prime minister would have lost the support of his people if he compromised with the French.
"Of two perils, the prime minister has chosen the more distant, a rupture with France, hoping to profit from a European incident which might turn our attention from Madagascan affairs.
He recommended that a military expedition be launched in the next dry season.
That winter French troops under General Metzinger(fr) occupied the ports of Tamatave and Majunga, and in March 1885 most of the 15,000-strong expeditionary force disembarked unopposed.
The French troops suffered badly from poor sanitation and tropical disease, and it was not until early 1897 that the island had been secured.
Last years
After his return to France Le Myre de Vilers intervened in discussions in the Chamber on the annexation of Madagascar, abolition of slavery there, and the actions of Joseph Gallieni, which he fully supported.
Le Myre de Vilers chose not to run for reelection in 1902.
In his retirement he devoted himself to geography.
He had been a member of the central committee of the Geographical Society since 1896, and was president of the society from 1906 to 1908.
He belonged to various other societies related to the colonies.
Le Myre de Vilers died on 9 March 1918 in Paris.
Publications
Publications by Le Myre de Vilers include, among many others:
References
Sources
1833 births
1918 deaths
People from Vendôme
Colonial Governors of French Madagascar
Governors of Cochinchina | [
"Charles-Marie Le Myre de Vilers (17 February 1833 – 9 March 1918) was French naval officer, then departmental administrator.",
"He was governor of the colony of Cochinchina (1879–1882) and resident-general of Madagascar (1886–1888).",
"He was a member of the French National Assembly from 1889 to 1902, representing Cochinchina.",
"Life\n\nEarly years (1833–61)\nCharles-Marie Le Myre de Vilers was born in Vendôme, Loir-et-Cher, on 17 February 1833.",
"His parents were Cyprien Le Myre de Vilers, a colonel in the Cavalry, and Claire Hême (1808–1848).",
"Charles decided on a career in the navy, entered the Naval School in 1849, was a midshipman in 1853 and a Lieutenant in 1855.",
"He was made a Knight of the Legion of Honour on 13 August 1859.",
"Departmental administration (1861–79)\n\nLe Myre de Vilers left the navy in 1861 and joined the prefectural administration.",
"On 22 April 1862 he married Isabelle Hennet (born 1841) in Paris.",
"Their children included Hélène, Jean (1866–1934) and Madeleine (1870–1894).",
"Le Myre de Vilers was appointed sub-prefect of Joigny on 1 March 1863, then sub-prefect of Bergerac on 30 October 1867.",
"He was appointed Prefect of Algiers in November 1869.",
"During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 Le Myre de Vilers rejoined the navy and served as lieutenant de vaisseau.",
"He was orderly officer to Admiral de La Roncière(fr), commanding the seamen's corps during the Siege of Paris.",
"For his conduct during the siege he was awarded the rosette of the Legion of Honour on 26 January 1871.",
"He left the navy a month later and rejoined the prefectural administration.",
"On 26 March 1873 he was appointed Prefect of Haute-Vienne.",
"He was director of civil and financial affairs in Algeria from 1877 to 1879, appointed at the request of General Antoine Chanzy.",
"Colonial administrator (1879–89)\n\nCochinchina and Cambodia\nOn 11 August 1863 Admiral Pierre-Paul de La Grandière signed a Treaty of Friendship, Trade and French Protection with King Norodom of Cambodia.",
"The French privatized land ownership, collected taxes and put down a rebellion in 1867.",
"A dispute over the power of King Norodom of Cambodia begin in 1874 when a stream of crates addressed to the king began to arrive in Saigon, sent from France by the businessman Thomas Caraman.",
"The last crates arrived in 1876 and contained a wonderful gilded screen for the royal throne chamber, but nobody from the palace came to claim the crates.",
"A trial began in October 1874 with Caraman trying to collect payment from the King.",
"The French state attorney and the Cambodian grand mandarin both refused to hear the case, since the idea that a king should be tried in court was unprecedented.",
"In 1877 Caraman returned to France to drum up support, and in March 1878 six senators wrote a letter to the Minister of the Marine and Colonies asking him to ensure Caraman received justice.",
"The Minister instructed Governor Louis Charles Georges Jules Lafont to resolve the affair.",
"Le Myre de Vilers was appointed the first civilian governor of Cochinchina on 13 May 1879, and Minister Plenipotentiary at the Court of Annam.",
"He inherited the dispute between Caraman and Norodon.",
"He tried his best to resolve the problem.",
"One idea, later abandoned, was to raffle off the gilded screen.",
"Le Myre de Vilers sent the politician Jules Blancsubé to negotiate with Norodom in Phnom Penh, but he did not succeed.",
"Eventually the king agreed to buy the screen for 25,000 piasters, half of Caraman's price, as a gesture of friendship to the governor, and on 21 February 1881 22 chests containing the screen were shipped off to Phnom Penh.",
"In December 1881 Le Myre de Vilers forced Norodom to accept a convention under which Saigon's Conseil Privé could rule over disputes like this.",
"He wrote, \n\nLe Myre de Vilers tried to define a clear distinction between civil and military responsibilities, to draft a penal code, to create district councils, a Saigon city council and a Council of the colony of Conchinchina.",
"He also began construction of a road and rail network.",
"He was hostile to the Tonkin Campaign, which caused his dismissal in May 1882.",
"He retired in 1883.",
"In June 1884 his successor Charles Thomson forced Norodom to sign a new agreement and started to consider outright annexation of Cambodia.",
"Madagascar\nLe Myre de Vilers was recalled to the service on 9 March 1886 by Charles de Freycinet, who appointed him Plenipotentiary Minister 1st Class and Resident General in Madagascar, a position newly created by the Franco-Malagasy treaty of 17 December 1885.",
"He arrived in Antananarivo on 14 May 1886.",
"His task was to ensure the application of the 17 December 1885 Franco-Malagasy treaty, whose interpretation was disputed.",
"Prime Minister Rainilaiarivony relied on the Patrimonio-Miot interpretive letter, which Le Myre de Vilers rejected.",
"He managed to get the Malagasy government to take out a loan from the Comptoir national d'escompte de Paris in order to pay the 10 million francs compensation agreed in the treaty.",
"He could not get agreement on the boundaries of the territory of Diego-Suarez, which the French troops eventually defined unilaterally.",
"Le Myre de Vilers was active in construction of the Antananarivo-Toamasina telegraph line, completed in 1888.",
"He maintained good relations with the court of Antananarivo, and had great respect for Prime Minister Rainilaiarivony.",
"He wrote on 10 June 1886 to the Minister of Foreign Affairs that, \"My task is laborious because I have to deal with a man of real value, a man with extreme skill who, on a larger stage, would be considered a genius\".",
"Le Myre de Vilers took leave in France from March to November 1888.",
"On his return he presented Queen Ranavalona III with the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour.",
"In December 1888 he was himself made a Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour.",
"Deputy (1889–1902)\nLe Myre de Vilers left his post in Madagascar in July 1889 to run for Deputy of Cochinchina.",
"He was elected to the Chamber of Deputies as representative of French Cochinchina on 12 December 1889 and was reelected on 20 August 1893 and on 8 May 1898, holding office until 31 May 1902.",
"Le Myre de Vilers was a member of the committees on the navy and the colonies.",
"He wrote many reports on aspects such as budgets, organization and development of colonies.",
"In 1890 he supported creation of an Colonial Office independent of the navy.",
"Dispute with Siam\n\nThe French claimed authority to all land east of the Mekong, and in April 1893 sent French and Annamite troops into Laos to evict Siamese officials and troops from that region.",
"They met resistance.",
"Phra Yot, the Siamese Commissioner of Khammouane, had the French Inspector Grosgurin and his escort massacred.",
"On 20 July 1893 the French parliament issued an ultimatum to Siam (Thailand) demanding that Bangkok relinquish all claims to the east bank of the Mekong, pay indemnity to the victims of Siamese aggression and punish the officers responsible for attacks on French troops.",
"The deputies also agreed that Jules Develle, the Foreign Minister, should send Le Myre de Vilers to Bangkok to negotiate a treaty to guarantee French rights along the Mekong and to obtain compensation from Siam.",
"The Siamese responded by agreeing to withdraw their troops, pay the indemnity and punish any individuals who had acted unlawfully, but asked for international arbitration over the territorial claims and a joint commission to investigate the French claims for indemnity.",
"Develle considered this response \"insolent\" and \"unsatisfactory\", imposed a blockade on 26 July 1893 and issued a second ultimatum, which the Siamese accepted rather than lose yet more territory.",
"Le Myre de Vilers arrived in Bangkok on 16 August 1893.",
"He openly intended to impose \"very harsh\" measures on the Siamese and thought it a waste of time to negotiate with them.",
"At his second meeting with Prince Devawongse Varoprakar, who represented Siam, he asked the prince to sign a copy of the proposed Treaty of Peace and Friendship.",
"The prince politely refused, since he had not examined the document.",
"Le Myre de Vilers then told him the French warships in the Gulf of Siam could at any moment make matters quickly change for the worse.",
"Le Myre de Vilers demanded that Phra Yot be tried before a Franco-Siamese Mixed Court dominated by the French, while the Siamese offered a trial by a court of \"competent Siamese authorities in conjunction with the [French] consul.\"",
"On 29 September 1893 Le Myre de Vilers handed a draft Treaty and draft Convention to Devewongse and said he would leave for Saigon in four days with or without an agreement.",
"When examined, the convention was found to include a proposal that Phra Yot be tried by a Mixed Franco-Siamese Court, which the Siamese found completely unacceptable.",
"At a final meeting on 1 October 1893 Le Myre de Vilers refused to alter the Convention but agreed to append a procès-verbal to address Siamese concerns.",
"The exhausted Prince finally gave in and signed the Treaty and Convention to avoid the risk of war against superior French forces.",
"Return to Madagascar\n\nAfter Le Myre de Vilers left Madagascar the situation deteriorated.",
"In late June 1894 the French resident general, Paul Augustin Jean Larrouy, said the state of affairs in Tananarive was very tense.",
"On 9 September 1894 French Foreign Minister Gabriel Hanotaux ordered Larrouy to return to France \"on vacation\" and ordered women and children to be evacuated to a coastal point where three gunboats would be waiting.",
"On 12 September Hanotaux spoke in the Chamber of Deputies about the many ways in which the French were being harassed in Madagascar.",
"The government was sending Le Myre de Vilers as its plenipoteniary.",
"He would take a treaty that covered the four main grievances, all of which must be accepted or France would seek a non-negotiated settlement.",
"Le Myre de Vilers returned to Tananarive on 14 October 1894.",
"He requested an audience with the prime minister as soon as he arrived in the capital.",
"When Rainilaiarivony delayed the meeting, Le Myre de Vilers sent a copy of the treaty with a deadline of five days to accept it.",
"The two men met on 21 October 1884.",
"Le Myre de Vilers warned the prime minister, \"Let your Excellency be under no illusion.",
"The result of any war can be foreseen: it will be a shattering defeat of the Malagasy people.\"",
"He said the French government was not satisfied with the Malagasy justice system, which had corrupt officials and made little effort to apprehend criminals, and was considering taking control over internal affairs.",
"The Malagasy government replied on 24 October 1884, saying the French could handle external relations but other rights under the 1885 treaty were abrogated.",
"Le Myre de Vilers wrote a personal letter to Rainilairivony in which he advised him to fully accept the French demands.",
"When it became clear that there would be no reply the remaining French residents prepared to leave for the coast.",
"Le Myre and the other members of the French mission reached Tamatave on 4 November 1884.",
"In his last dispatch to Hanotaux he acknowledged that the prime minister would have lost the support of his people if he compromised with the French.",
"\"Of two perils, the prime minister has chosen the more distant, a rupture with France, hoping to profit from a European incident which might turn our attention from Madagascan affairs.",
"He recommended that a military expedition be launched in the next dry season.",
"That winter French troops under General Metzinger(fr) occupied the ports of Tamatave and Majunga, and in March 1885 most of the 15,000-strong expeditionary force disembarked unopposed.",
"The French troops suffered badly from poor sanitation and tropical disease, and it was not until early 1897 that the island had been secured.",
"Last years\n\nAfter his return to France Le Myre de Vilers intervened in discussions in the Chamber on the annexation of Madagascar, abolition of slavery there, and the actions of Joseph Gallieni, which he fully supported.",
"Le Myre de Vilers chose not to run for reelection in 1902.",
"In his retirement he devoted himself to geography.",
"He had been a member of the central committee of the Geographical Society since 1896, and was president of the society from 1906 to 1908.",
"He belonged to various other societies related to the colonies.",
"Le Myre de Vilers died on 9 March 1918 in Paris.",
"Publications\nPublications by Le Myre de Vilers include, among many others:\n\nReferences\n\nSources\n\n1833 births\n1918 deaths\nPeople from Vendôme\nColonial Governors of French Madagascar\nGovernors of Cochinchina"
] | [
"Charles-Marie Le Myre de Vilers was a French naval officer.",
"He was the governor of the colony of Cochinchina.",
"He was a member of the French National Assembly from 1889 to 1902.",
"On February 17, 1833, Charles-Marie Le Myre de Vilers was born.",
"His mother was Cyprien Le Myre de Vilers, a colonel in the cavalry.",
"In 1849, Charles entered the Naval School and went on to become a Lieutenant.",
"He was made a Knight of the Legion of Honour.",
"Le Myre de Vilers joined the prefectural administration after leaving the navy.",
"He was married in Paris on April 22, 1862.",
"Their children were Hélne, Jean and Madeleine.",
"On 1 March 1863, Le Myre de Vilers was appointed sub-prefect of Joigny.",
"The Prefect of Algiers was appointed in 1869.",
"Le Myre de Vilers was a lieutenant in the navy during the Franco-Prussian War.",
"He commanded the seamen's corps during the Siege of Paris.",
"On January 26, 1871, he was awarded the rosette of the Legion of Honour for his conduct during the siege.",
"He rejoined the prefectural administration after leaving the navy.",
"The Prefect of Haute-Vienne was appointed on March 26, 1873.",
"He was the director of civil and financial affairs in Algeria from 1877 to 1879.",
"The Treaty of friendship, trade and French protection was signed between Cochinchina and Cambodia on August 11, 1863.",
"The French put down a rebellion in 1867.",
"A dispute over the power of King Norodom of Cambodia began in 1874 when a stream of crates addressed to the king began to arrive in Saigon.",
"The last crates arrived in 1876 and contained a wonderful gilded screen for the royal throne chamber, but nobody from the palace came to claim them.",
"Caraman was trying to collect payment from the King.",
"The idea that a king should be tried in court was new to the French state attorney and Cambodian grand mandarin.",
"In March 1878, six senators wrote a letter to the Minister of the Marine and Colonies asking him to ensure that Caraman received justice, after he returned to France to drum up support.",
"The Governor was instructed by the Minister to resolve the issue.",
"Le Myre de Vilers was appointed the first civilian governor of Cochinchina on 13 May 1879.",
"He was in charge of the dispute between Caraman and Norodon.",
"He tried to find a solution.",
"One idea was to suck the air out of the gilded screen.",
"Jules Blancsubé was sent by Le Myre de Vilers to negotiate with Norodom.",
"The king agreed to buy the screen for 25,000 piasters, half of Caraman's price, as a gesture of friendship to the governor, and 22 chests containing the screen were shipped off to Phnom Penh.",
"Norodom was forced to accept a convention under which Conseil Privé could rule on disputes like this.",
"Le Myre de Vilers tried to define a clear distinction between civil and military responsibilities in order to draft a penal code.",
"He started work on a road and rail network.",
"He was fired for being hostile to the Tonkin Campaign.",
"He retired in the 19th century.",
"Norodom was forced to sign a new agreement by Charles Thomson in June 1884.",
"The Franco-Malagasy treaty of 17 December 1885 created a position for Le Myre de Vilers, who was recalled to the service on 9 March 1886.",
"He arrived in Antananarivo on May 14, 1886.",
"The Franco-Malagasy treaty's application was to be ensured.",
"The Prime Minister relied on the letter that Le Myre de Vilers rejected.",
"He was able to get the Malagasy government to take out a loan from the Comptoir national d'escompte de Paris in order to pay their compensation.",
"The boundaries of the territory of Diego-Suarez were defined by the French.",
"Le Myre de Vilers was involved in the construction of the telegraph line.",
"He respected Prime Minister Rainilaiarivony and had good relations with the court.",
"He wrote to the Minister of Foreign Affairs that he had to deal with a man with extreme skill who would be considered a genius.",
"Le Myre de Vilers was in France from March to November of 1888.",
"He presented Queen Ranavalona III with the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour.",
"He was made a Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour in December of 1888.",
"In July 1889, Le Myre de Vilers ran for deputy of Cochinchina.",
"He held the office of representative of French Cochinchina from December 1889 to May 1898 and was reelected on 20 August 1893 and 8 May 1898.",
"Le Myre de Vilers was a member of the committees.",
"He wrote reports about budgets, organization and development of colonies.",
"He supported the creation of an office that was independent of the navy.",
"800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217",
"They met resistance.",
"The French Inspector Grosgurin and his escort were massacred by the Siamese Commissioner of Khammouane.",
"On 20 July 1893, the French parliament issued an ultimatum to Siam, demanding that it relinquish all claims to the east bank of themekong, pay indemnity to the victims of Siamese aggression, and punish the officers responsible for attacks on French troops.",
"The Foreign Minister should send Le Myre de Vilers to Thailand to negotiate a treaty with Siam to guarantee French rights along the Mekong.",
"The Siamese agreed to withdraw their troops, pay the indemnity and punish any individuals who had acted in a way that was not in line with the law, but asked for international arbitration over the territorial claims and a joint commission to investigate the French claims for indemnity.",
"The blockade was imposed on July 26, 1893, and the Siamese accepted the second ultimatum rather than lose more territory.",
"On August 16, 1893, Le Myre de Vilers arrived in Thailand.",
"He thought it was a waste of time to negotiate with the Siamese because he intended to impose \"very harsh\" measures.",
"He asked the prince to sign a copy of the proposed treaty at their second meeting.",
"The prince did not examine the document.",
"He was told by Le Myre de Vilers that the French warships in the Gulf of Siam could change quickly.",
"The Franco-Siamese Mixed Court dominated by the French was demanded by Le Myre de Vilers.",
"Le Myre de Vilers gave a draft Treaty and draft Convention to Devewongse and said he would leave for Vietnam in four days.",
"The Siamese found the proposal to try Phra Yot by a Mixed Franco-Siamese Court completely unacceptable.",
"Le Myre de Vilers agreed to address Siamese concerns after refusing to alter the Convention.",
"The Treaty and Convention was signed by the exhausted Prince to avoid war with the French.",
"The situation deteriorated after Le Myre de Vilers left.",
"In June 1894, the French resident general, Paul Augustin Jean Larrouy, said the state of affairs in Tananarive was very tense.",
"The French Foreign Minister Gabriel Hanotaux ordered Larrouy to return to France \"on vacation\" and ordered women and children to be evacuated to a coastal point where three gunboats would be waiting.",
"On September 12th, Hanotaux spoke about how the French were being harassed in Madagascar.",
"Le Myre de Vilers was being sent by the government.",
"France would seek a non-negotiated settlement if he took a treaty that covered the four main grievances.",
"On October 14, 1894, Le Myre de Vilers came back to Tananarive.",
"As soon as he arrived in the capital, he requested an audience with the prime minister.",
"Le Myre de Vilers sent a copy of the treaty with a deadline to accept it after the meeting was delayed.",
"The two men met for the first time.",
"The prime minister was warned by Le Myre de Vilers.",
"The result of a war will be a shattering defeat for the Malagasy people.",
"He said the French government was not happy with the Malagasy justice system and was considering taking control of internal affairs.",
"On October 24, 1884, the Malagasy government said the French could handle external relations but other rights under the 1885 treaty had been abrogated.",
"Le Myre de Vilers wrote a letter to Rainilairivony in which he told him to accept the French demands.",
"There would be no reply from the remaining French residents who were going to leave for the coast.",
"On November 4, 1884, Le Myre and the other members of the French mission reached Tamatave.",
"The prime minister would have lost the support of his people if he compromised with the French, according to his last dispatch to Hanotaux.",
"The prime minister has chosen to break with France in order to profit from a European incident which might turn our attention to Madagascan affairs.",
"He wanted a military expedition to be launched in the next dry season.",
"Most of the 15,000-strong expeditionary force disembarked in March 1885 after winter French troops occupied the ports of Majunga and Tamatave.",
"It was not until early 1897 that the island was secured after the French troops were badly treated for tropical disease.",
"After returning to France, Le Myre de Vilers supported the actions of Joseph Gallieni and the abolition of slavery.",
"Le Myre de Vilers did not run for reelection.",
"He devoted himself to geography after retiring.",
"He was president of the society from 1906 to 1908 and had been a member of the central committee.",
"He was associated with other societies related to the colonies.",
"Le Myre de Vilers died in Paris.",
"There are many publications by Le Myre de Vilers."
] | <mask>-<mask> (17 February 1833 – 9 March 1918) was French naval officer, then departmental administrator. He was governor of the colony of Cochinchina (1879–1882) and resident-general of Madagascar (1886–1888). He was a member of the French National Assembly from 1889 to 1902, representing Cochinchina. Life
Early years (1833–61)
<mask>-<mask> was born in Vendôme, Loir-et-Cher, on 17 February 1833. His parents were <mask>, a colonel in the Cavalry, and Claire Hême (1808–1848). <mask> decided on a career in the navy, entered the Naval School in 1849, was a midshipman in 1853 and a Lieutenant in 1855. He was made a Knight of the Legion of Honour on 13 August 1859.Departmental administration (1861–79)
<mask> <mask> left the navy in 1861 and joined the prefectural administration. On 22 April 1862 he married Isabelle Hennet (born 1841) in Paris. Their children included Hélène, Jean (1866–1934) and <mask> (1870–1894). <mask> <mask> was appointed sub-prefect of Joigny on 1 March 1863, then sub-prefect of Bergerac on 30 October 1867. He was appointed Prefect of Algiers in November 1869. During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 <mask> <mask> rejoined the navy and served as lieutenant de vaisseau. He was orderly officer to Admiral <mask> Roncière(fr), commanding the seamen's corps during the Siege of Paris.For his conduct during the siege he was awarded the rosette of the Legion of Honour on 26 January 1871. He left the navy a month later and rejoined the prefectural administration. On 26 March 1873 he was appointed Prefect of Haute-Vienne. He was director of civil and financial affairs in Algeria from 1877 to 1879, appointed at the request of General Antoine Chanzy. Colonial administrator (1879–89)
Cochinchina and Cambodia
On 11 August 1863 Admiral Pierre-<mask> La Grandière signed a Treaty of Friendship, Trade and French Protection with King Norodom of Cambodia. The French privatized land ownership, collected taxes and put down a rebellion in 1867. A dispute over the power of King Norodom of Cambodia begin in 1874 when a stream of crates addressed to the king began to arrive in Saigon, sent from France by the businessman Thomas Caraman.The last crates arrived in 1876 and contained a wonderful gilded screen for the royal throne chamber, but nobody from the palace came to claim the crates. A trial began in October 1874 with Caraman trying to collect payment from the King. The French state attorney and the Cambodian grand mandarin both refused to hear the case, since the idea that a king should be tried in court was unprecedented. In 1877 Caraman returned to France to drum up support, and in March 1878 six senators wrote a letter to the Minister of the Marine and Colonies asking him to ensure Caraman received justice. The Minister instructed Governor <mask> Georges Jules Lafont to resolve the affair. <mask> <mask> was appointed the first civilian governor of Cochinchina on 13 May 1879, and Minister Plenipotentiary at the Court of Annam. He inherited the dispute between Caraman and Norodon.He tried his best to resolve the problem. One idea, later abandoned, was to raffle off the gilded screen. <mask> Myre de Vilers sent the politician Jules Blancsubé to negotiate with Norodom in Phnom Penh, but he did not succeed. Eventually the king agreed to buy the screen for 25,000 piasters, half of Caraman's price, as a gesture of friendship to the governor, and on 21 February 1881 22 chests containing the screen were shipped off to Phnom Penh. In December 1881 <mask> Myre de Vilers forced Norodom to accept a convention under which Saigon's Conseil Privé could rule over disputes like this. He wrote,
<mask> Myre de Vilers tried to define a clear distinction between civil and military responsibilities, to draft a penal code, to create district councils, a Saigon city council and a Council of the colony of Conchinchina. He also began construction of a road and rail network.He was hostile to the Tonkin Campaign, which caused his dismissal in May 1882. He retired in 1883. In June 1884 his successor <mask> forced Norodom to sign a new agreement and started to consider outright annexation of Cambodia. Madagascar
<mask> <mask> was recalled to the service on 9 March 1886 by <mask> Freycinet, who appointed him Plenipotentiary Minister 1st Class and Resident General in Madagascar, a position newly created by the Franco-Malagasy treaty of 17 December 1885. He arrived in Antananarivo on 14 May 1886. His task was to ensure the application of the 17 December 1885 Franco-Malagasy treaty, whose interpretation was disputed. Prime Minister Rainilaiarivony relied on the Patrimonio-Miot interpretive letter, which <mask>re <mask>s rejected.He managed to get the Malagasy government to take out a loan from the Comptoir national d'escompte de Paris in order to pay the 10 million francs compensation agreed in the treaty. He could not get agreement on the boundaries of the territory of Diego-Suarez, which the French troops eventually defined unilaterally. <mask>re <mask> was active in construction of the Antananarivo-Toamasina telegraph line, completed in 1888. He maintained good relations with the court of Antananarivo, and had great respect for Prime Minister Rainilaiarivony. He wrote on 10 June 1886 to the Minister of Foreign Affairs that, "My task is laborious because I have to deal with a man of real value, a man with extreme skill who, on a larger stage, would be considered a genius". <mask>re <mask> took leave in France from March to November 1888. On his return he presented Queen Ranavalona III with the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour.In December 1888 he was himself made a Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour. Deputy (1889–1902)
<mask> <mask> left his post in Madagascar in July 1889 to run for Deputy of Cochinchina. He was elected to the Chamber of Deputies as representative of French Cochinchina on 12 December 1889 and was reelected on 20 August 1893 and on 8 May 1898, holding office until 31 May 1902. <mask> <mask> was a member of the committees on the navy and the colonies. He wrote many reports on aspects such as budgets, organization and development of colonies. In 1890 he supported creation of an Colonial Office independent of the navy. Dispute with Siam
The French claimed authority to all land east of the Mekong, and in April 1893 sent French and Annamite troops into Laos to evict Siamese officials and troops from that region.They met resistance. Phra Yot, the Siamese Commissioner of Khammouane, had the French Inspector Grosgurin and his escort massacred. On 20 July 1893 the French parliament issued an ultimatum to Siam (Thailand) demanding that Bangkok relinquish all claims to the east bank of the Mekong, pay indemnity to the victims of Siamese aggression and punish the officers responsible for attacks on French troops. The deputies also agreed that Jules Develle, the Foreign Minister, should send <mask>re <mask>s to Bangkok to negotiate a treaty to guarantee French rights along the Mekong and to obtain compensation from Siam. The Siamese responded by agreeing to withdraw their troops, pay the indemnity and punish any individuals who had acted unlawfully, but asked for international arbitration over the territorial claims and a joint commission to investigate the French claims for indemnity. Develle considered this response "insolent" and "unsatisfactory", imposed a blockade on 26 July 1893 and issued a second ultimatum, which the Siamese accepted rather than lose yet more territory. <mask>re <mask>s arrived in Bangkok on 16 August 1893.He openly intended to impose "very harsh" measures on the Siamese and thought it a waste of time to negotiate with them. At his second meeting with Prince Devawongse Varoprakar, who represented Siam, he asked the prince to sign a copy of the proposed Treaty of Peace and Friendship. The prince politely refused, since he had not examined the document. <mask>re de Vilers then told him the French warships in the Gulf of Siam could at any moment make matters quickly change for the worse. <mask> Myre de Vilers demanded that Phra Yot be tried before a Franco-Siamese Mixed Court dominated by the French, while the Siamese offered a trial by a court of "competent Siamese authorities in conjunction with the [French] consul." On 29 September 1893 <mask>re <mask>s handed a draft Treaty and draft Convention to Devewongse and said he would leave for Saigon in four days with or without an agreement. When examined, the convention was found to include a proposal that Phra Yot be tried by a Mixed Franco-Siamese Court, which the Siamese found completely unacceptable.At a final meeting on 1 October 1893 <mask>re <mask>s refused to alter the Convention but agreed to append a procès-verbal to address Siamese concerns. The exhausted Prince finally gave in and signed the Treaty and Convention to avoid the risk of war against superior French forces. Return to Madagascar
After <mask> Myre <mask>s left Madagascar the situation deteriorated. In late June 1894 the French resident general, Paul Augustin Jean Larrouy, said the state of affairs in Tananarive was very tense. On 9 September 1894 French Foreign Minister Gabriel Hanotaux ordered Larrouy to return to France "on vacation" and ordered women and children to be evacuated to a coastal point where three gunboats would be waiting. On 12 September Hanotaux spoke in the Chamber of Deputies about the many ways in which the French were being harassed in Madagascar. The government was sending <mask> Myre de Vilers as its plenipoteniary.He would take a treaty that covered the four main grievances, all of which must be accepted or France would seek a non-negotiated settlement. <mask>re <mask> returned to Tananarive on 14 October 1894. He requested an audience with the prime minister as soon as he arrived in the capital. When Rainilaiarivony delayed the meeting, <mask>re <mask>s sent a copy of the treaty with a deadline of five days to accept it. The two men met on 21 October 1884. <mask>re <mask>s warned the prime minister, "Let your Excellency be under no illusion. The result of any war can be foreseen: it will be a shattering defeat of the Malagasy people."He said the French government was not satisfied with the Malagasy justice system, which had corrupt officials and made little effort to apprehend criminals, and was considering taking control over internal affairs. The Malagasy government replied on 24 October 1884, saying the French could handle external relations but other rights under the 1885 treaty were abrogated. <mask> <mask> wrote a personal letter to Rainilairivony in which he advised him to fully accept the French demands. When it became clear that there would be no reply the remaining French residents prepared to leave for the coast. <mask>re and the other members of the French mission reached Tamatave on 4 November 1884. In his last dispatch to Hanotaux he acknowledged that the prime minister would have lost the support of his people if he compromised with the French. "Of two perils, the prime minister has chosen the more distant, a rupture with France, hoping to profit from a European incident which might turn our attention from Madagascan affairs.He recommended that a military expedition be launched in the next dry season. That winter French troops under General Metzinger(fr) occupied the ports of Tamatave and Majunga, and in March 1885 most of the 15,000-strong expeditionary force disembarked unopposed. The French troops suffered badly from poor sanitation and tropical disease, and it was not until early 1897 that the island had been secured. Last years
After his return to France <mask> <mask> intervened in discussions in the Chamber on the annexation of Madagascar, abolition of slavery there, and the actions of Joseph Gallieni, which he fully supported. <mask> <mask> chose not to run for reelection in 1902. In his retirement he devoted himself to geography. He had been a member of the central committee of the Geographical Society since 1896, and was president of the society from 1906 to 1908.He belonged to various other societies related to the colonies. <mask> Myre de Vilers died on 9 March 1918 in Paris. Publications
Publications by <mask> Myre de Vilers include, among many others:
References
Sources
1833 births
1918 deaths
People from Vendôme
Colonial Governors of French Madagascar
Governors of Cochinchina | [
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] | <mask>-<mask> was a French naval officer. He was the governor of the colony of Cochinchina. He was a member of the French National Assembly from 1889 to 1902. On February 17, 1833, <mask>-<mask> was born. His mother was <mask>, a colonel in the cavalry. In 1849, <mask> entered the Naval School and went on to become a Lieutenant. He was made a Knight of the Legion of Honour.<mask> <mask> joined the prefectural administration after leaving the navy. He was married in Paris on April 22, 1862. Their children were Hélne, Jean and <mask>. On 1 March 1863, <mask> <mask> was appointed sub-prefect of Joigny. The Prefect of Algiers was appointed in 1869. <mask> <mask> was a lieutenant in the navy during the Franco-Prussian War. He commanded the seamen's corps during the Siege of Paris.On January 26, 1871, he was awarded the rosette of the Legion of Honour for his conduct during the siege. He rejoined the prefectural administration after leaving the navy. The Prefect of Haute-Vienne was appointed on March 26, 1873. He was the director of civil and financial affairs in Algeria from 1877 to 1879. The Treaty of friendship, trade and French protection was signed between Cochinchina and Cambodia on August 11, 1863. The French put down a rebellion in 1867. A dispute over the power of King Norodom of Cambodia began in 1874 when a stream of crates addressed to the king began to arrive in Saigon.The last crates arrived in 1876 and contained a wonderful gilded screen for the royal throne chamber, but nobody from the palace came to claim them. Caraman was trying to collect payment from the King. The idea that a king should be tried in court was new to the French state attorney and Cambodian grand mandarin. In March 1878, six senators wrote a letter to the Minister of the Marine and Colonies asking him to ensure that Caraman received justice, after he returned to France to drum up support. The Governor was instructed by the Minister to resolve the issue. <mask> <mask> was appointed the first civilian governor of Cochinchina on 13 May 1879. He was in charge of the dispute between Caraman and Norodon.He tried to find a solution. One idea was to suck the air out of the gilded screen. Jules Blancsubé was sent by <mask> Myre de Vilers to negotiate with Norodom. The king agreed to buy the screen for 25,000 piasters, half of Caraman's price, as a gesture of friendship to the governor, and 22 chests containing the screen were shipped off to Phnom Penh. Norodom was forced to accept a convention under which Conseil Privé could rule on disputes like this. <mask> Myre de Vilers tried to define a clear distinction between civil and military responsibilities in order to draft a penal code. He started work on a road and rail network.He was fired for being hostile to the Tonkin Campaign. He retired in the 19th century. Norodom was forced to sign a new agreement by <mask> in June 1884. The Franco-Malagasy treaty of 17 December 1885 created a position for <mask> <mask>, who was recalled to the service on 9 March 1886. He arrived in Antananarivo on May 14, 1886. The Franco-Malagasy treaty's application was to be ensured. The Prime Minister relied on the letter that <mask>re <mask> rejected.He was able to get the Malagasy government to take out a loan from the Comptoir national d'escompte de Paris in order to pay their compensation. The boundaries of the territory of Diego-Suarez were defined by the French. <mask>re <mask> was involved in the construction of the telegraph line. He respected Prime Minister Rainilaiarivony and had good relations with the court. He wrote to the Minister of Foreign Affairs that he had to deal with a man with extreme skill who would be considered a genius. <mask>re <mask> was in France from March to November of 1888. He presented Queen Ranavalona III with the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour.He was made a Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour in December of 1888. In July 1889, <mask> <mask> ran for deputy of Cochinchina. He held the office of representative of French Cochinchina from December 1889 to May 1898 and was reelected on 20 August 1893 and 8 May 1898. <mask> <mask> was a member of the committees. He wrote reports about budgets, organization and development of colonies. He supported the creation of an office that was independent of the navy. 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217They met resistance. The French Inspector Grosgurin and his escort were massacred by the Siamese Commissioner of Khammouane. On 20 July 1893, the French parliament issued an ultimatum to Siam, demanding that it relinquish all claims to the east bank of themekong, pay indemnity to the victims of Siamese aggression, and punish the officers responsible for attacks on French troops. The Foreign Minister should send <mask>re <mask>s to Thailand to negotiate a treaty with Siam to guarantee French rights along the Mekong. The Siamese agreed to withdraw their troops, pay the indemnity and punish any individuals who had acted in a way that was not in line with the law, but asked for international arbitration over the territorial claims and a joint commission to investigate the French claims for indemnity. The blockade was imposed on July 26, 1893, and the Siamese accepted the second ultimatum rather than lose more territory. On August 16, 1893, <mask>re <mask>s arrived in Thailand.He thought it was a waste of time to negotiate with the Siamese because he intended to impose "very harsh" measures. He asked the prince to sign a copy of the proposed treaty at their second meeting. The prince did not examine the document. He was told by <mask>re <mask> that the French warships in the Gulf of Siam could change quickly. The Franco-Siamese Mixed Court dominated by the French was demanded by <mask>re <mask>. <mask>re <mask>s gave a draft Treaty and draft Convention to Devewongse and said he would leave for Vietnam in four days. The Siamese found the proposal to try Phra Yot by a Mixed Franco-Siamese Court completely unacceptable.<mask>re <mask>s agreed to address Siamese concerns after refusing to alter the Convention. The Treaty and Convention was signed by the exhausted Prince to avoid war with the French. The situation deteriorated after <mask>re <mask> left. In June 1894, the French resident general, Paul Augustin Jean Larrouy, said the state of affairs in Tananarive was very tense. The French Foreign Minister Gabriel Hanotaux ordered Larrouy to return to France "on vacation" and ordered women and children to be evacuated to a coastal point where three gunboats would be waiting. On September 12th, Hanotaux spoke about how the French were being harassed in Madagascar. <mask>re <mask>s was being sent by the government.France would seek a non-negotiated settlement if he took a treaty that covered the four main grievances. On October 14, 1894, <mask>re <mask> came back to Tananarive. As soon as he arrived in the capital, he requested an audience with the prime minister. <mask>re <mask>s sent a copy of the treaty with a deadline to accept it after the meeting was delayed. The two men met for the first time. The prime minister was warned by <mask>re <mask>. The result of a war will be a shattering defeat for the Malagasy people.He said the French government was not happy with the Malagasy justice system and was considering taking control of internal affairs. On October 24, 1884, the Malagasy government said the French could handle external relations but other rights under the 1885 treaty had been abrogated. <mask> <mask> wrote a letter to Rainilairivony in which he told him to accept the French demands. There would be no reply from the remaining French residents who were going to leave for the coast. On November 4, 1884, <mask> and the other members of the French mission reached Tamatave. The prime minister would have lost the support of his people if he compromised with the French, according to his last dispatch to Hanotaux. The prime minister has chosen to break with France in order to profit from a European incident which might turn our attention to Madagascan affairs.He wanted a military expedition to be launched in the next dry season. Most of the 15,000-strong expeditionary force disembarked in March 1885 after winter French troops occupied the ports of Majunga and Tamatave. It was not until early 1897 that the island was secured after the French troops were badly treated for tropical disease. After returning to France, <mask>re <mask> supported the actions of Joseph Gallieni and the abolition of slavery. <mask>re <mask> did not run for reelection. He devoted himself to geography after retiring. He was president of the society from 1906 to 1908 and had been a member of the central committee.He was associated with other societies related to the colonies. <mask> Myre de Vilers died in Paris. There are many publications by Le Myre de Vilers. | [
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356926 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan%20Galindo | Juan Galindo | Juan Galindo (1802 – 30 January 1840) was an Anglo-Irish political activist and military and administrative officer under the Liberal government of the Federal Republic of Central America. He represented the government in a diplomatic mission to the United States and England. His duties in Central America allowed him to explore the region and examine Maya ruins. The reports on his findings earned him recognition as an early pioneer of Maya archaeology.
Early Years
Galindo was born in Dublin in 1802 as John Galindo. His father, Philemon Galindo was an Englishman of Spanish descent and his mother, Catherine Gough, was Irish. Both parents were actors who met while working at a theater in Bath. They married in Dublin in 1801. His early life is obscure and it is not known why or exactly when he left for the New World. Sources differ on his emigration but sometime before he was twenty he either joined Admiral Thomas Cochrane to fight for Chile's independence or he joined his uncle, a plantation owner in Jamaica.
The first clear record of his early career occurred in 1827 when he worked as secretary and translator for the British consul in Guatemala. By 1828 he was the superintendent for improvements at the port of Iztapa as well as a major in a Honduras battalion.
Federal Republic of Central America
In 1829 the Liberal forces led by Francisco Morazán invaded Guatemala. Galindo joined the Liberals and Morazán's army quickly brought the revolution to a successful end. Morazán established the Federal Republic of Central America and Galindo enjoyed the patronage of Morazán and Mariano Gálvez, the chief of state in Guatemala. The new federal congress granted Galindo naturalization papers and he changed his name to Juan.
Galindo undertook several military assignments for the new government, including officer of a military garrison at Omoa, commander of the port at Trujillo, and military governor of Petén. In 1834, he received a million-acre land grant in Petén with the stipulations that he pacify the native Lacandon Maya and settle the area in five years with colonists who would be loyal to the Guatemalan government. He soon realized that the boundary between Guatemala and British Honduras was in dispute and the British claimed that Galindo's new land grant belonged to British Honduras. British mahogany cutters were actively logging the area, depriving Galindo of the land's most valuable asset. When discussions with Frederick Chatfield in British Honduras failed to resolve the issue, Central America appointed Galindo as envoy to negotiate directly with the British Foreign Office in London.
Galindo left Central America in January, 1835, stopping first in Washington, DC in hopes of enlisting the United States to support his cause against Britain. In return, Galindo offered to provide information regarding possible canal routes through Nicaragua. He met with Secretary of State John Forsyth and President Andrew Jackson in May, 1835 but failed to gain their support. Galindo proceeded to London and arrived there in August. He had a meeting with Foreign Secretary Lord Palmerston soon after his arrival but then talks proceeded in a desultory fashion. By April 1836 Palmerston had determined not to work with Galindo and offered the expedient excuse that since Galindo was born a British subject, he could not represent a foreign government.
Without a clear title to his land grant in Petén, Galindo was unable to attract settlers. Instead, he petitioned Central America for another opportunity and was provided a grant on the Mosquito Coast. While still in London, Galindo recruited his father and other relatives to lead a group of colonists to settle on this remote coast. This enterprise ended in failure; the settlers were ill-equipped, lacked sufficient supplies, and found no way to earn a living once they arrived. By the time Galindo returned to Central America in 1836, the settlement had collapsed and his father had returned to England. He also found that his influence with the Central America government was greatly diminished.
The Liberal regime that had governed Central America was under pressure on several fronts. Galindo attempted to rally support against perceived British aggression but this effort failed to gain popular attention. When civil war broke out, he rejoined the army under Liberal general, Trinidad Cabañas. Cabañas was defeated by the joint forces of Honduras and Nicaragua near the city of Tegucigalpa and Galindo was killed on January 30, 1840 in the aftermath of the battle.
Maya archaeology
As military governor of Petén, Galindo undertook an exploratory trip down the Usumacinta River and then crossed overland to reach the Maya ruins at Palenque in April 1831. He spent a month exploring the site and wrote an account of the various structures, drew plans, and sketched several of the decorations he encountered. Later that year his account was published by the London Literary Gazette and the Geographical Society in Paris. He also sent a small collection of Maya objects to the Royal Society in London.
In 1834, Galindo was sent by the Central American government to survey and report on the ruins at Copán. He spent about ten weeks exploring the area, writing reports and sketching his findings. He wrote two brief reports for the London Literary Gazette and the American Antiquarian Society. A more detailed report with twenty-six illustrations was sent to the Société de Géographie in Paris and the original was sent to his government with the mistaken assumption that it would be published. Instead, it was filed away and "lost" for more than a hundred years when it was uncovered and published in 1945.
Although it was just a small part of his career, Galindo proved to be an astute observer and an effective communicator who earned recognition as an early pioneer of Maya archaeology. He wrote some thirty-two letters to the Société de Géographie sharing his ideas and insights. Galindo was one of the first to point out the close resemblance between the contemporary Maya peoples and the carved images of the ancient Maya to be found among the ruins. He correctly suggested that the original Maya civilization was created by the ancestors of the contemporary Mayas. He was also the first investigator to carefully copy the Maya hieroglyphics and identify them as a unique form of writing.
See also
History of Central America
Notes
References
Further reading
Griffith, William J. "Galindo, Juan (1802–1840)." Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture, edited by Jay Kinsbruner and Erick D. Langer, 2nd ed., vol. 3, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2008, pp. 353–354.
External links
Juan Galindo at www.englishgalindos.co.uk
1802 births
1839 deaths
19th-century explorers
19th-century Mesoamericanists
Explorers of Central America
Guatemalan archaeologists
Guatemalan Mesoamericanists
Guatemalan people of Irish descent
Irish people of Spanish descent
Mayanists
Members of the American Antiquarian Society
Mesoamerican archaeologists | [
"Juan Galindo (1802 – 30 January 1840) was an Anglo-Irish political activist and military and administrative officer under the Liberal government of the Federal Republic of Central America.",
"He represented the government in a diplomatic mission to the United States and England.",
"His duties in Central America allowed him to explore the region and examine Maya ruins.",
"The reports on his findings earned him recognition as an early pioneer of Maya archaeology.",
"Early Years\nGalindo was born in Dublin in 1802 as John Galindo.",
"His father, Philemon Galindo was an Englishman of Spanish descent and his mother, Catherine Gough, was Irish.",
"Both parents were actors who met while working at a theater in Bath.",
"They married in Dublin in 1801.",
"His early life is obscure and it is not known why or exactly when he left for the New World.",
"Sources differ on his emigration but sometime before he was twenty he either joined Admiral Thomas Cochrane to fight for Chile's independence or he joined his uncle, a plantation owner in Jamaica.",
"The first clear record of his early career occurred in 1827 when he worked as secretary and translator for the British consul in Guatemala.",
"By 1828 he was the superintendent for improvements at the port of Iztapa as well as a major in a Honduras battalion.",
"Federal Republic of Central America\nIn 1829 the Liberal forces led by Francisco Morazán invaded Guatemala.",
"Galindo joined the Liberals and Morazán's army quickly brought the revolution to a successful end.",
"Morazán established the Federal Republic of Central America and Galindo enjoyed the patronage of Morazán and Mariano Gálvez, the chief of state in Guatemala.",
"The new federal congress granted Galindo naturalization papers and he changed his name to Juan.",
"Galindo undertook several military assignments for the new government, including officer of a military garrison at Omoa, commander of the port at Trujillo, and military governor of Petén.",
"In 1834, he received a million-acre land grant in Petén with the stipulations that he pacify the native Lacandon Maya and settle the area in five years with colonists who would be loyal to the Guatemalan government.",
"He soon realized that the boundary between Guatemala and British Honduras was in dispute and the British claimed that Galindo's new land grant belonged to British Honduras.",
"British mahogany cutters were actively logging the area, depriving Galindo of the land's most valuable asset.",
"When discussions with Frederick Chatfield in British Honduras failed to resolve the issue, Central America appointed Galindo as envoy to negotiate directly with the British Foreign Office in London.",
"Galindo left Central America in January, 1835, stopping first in Washington, DC in hopes of enlisting the United States to support his cause against Britain.",
"In return, Galindo offered to provide information regarding possible canal routes through Nicaragua.",
"He met with Secretary of State John Forsyth and President Andrew Jackson in May, 1835 but failed to gain their support.",
"Galindo proceeded to London and arrived there in August.",
"He had a meeting with Foreign Secretary Lord Palmerston soon after his arrival but then talks proceeded in a desultory fashion.",
"By April 1836 Palmerston had determined not to work with Galindo and offered the expedient excuse that since Galindo was born a British subject, he could not represent a foreign government.",
"Without a clear title to his land grant in Petén, Galindo was unable to attract settlers.",
"Instead, he petitioned Central America for another opportunity and was provided a grant on the Mosquito Coast.",
"While still in London, Galindo recruited his father and other relatives to lead a group of colonists to settle on this remote coast.",
"This enterprise ended in failure; the settlers were ill-equipped, lacked sufficient supplies, and found no way to earn a living once they arrived.",
"By the time Galindo returned to Central America in 1836, the settlement had collapsed and his father had returned to England.",
"He also found that his influence with the Central America government was greatly diminished.",
"The Liberal regime that had governed Central America was under pressure on several fronts.",
"Galindo attempted to rally support against perceived British aggression but this effort failed to gain popular attention.",
"When civil war broke out, he rejoined the army under Liberal general, Trinidad Cabañas.",
"Cabañas was defeated by the joint forces of Honduras and Nicaragua near the city of Tegucigalpa and Galindo was killed on January 30, 1840 in the aftermath of the battle.",
"Maya archaeology\nAs military governor of Petén, Galindo undertook an exploratory trip down the Usumacinta River and then crossed overland to reach the Maya ruins at Palenque in April 1831.",
"He spent a month exploring the site and wrote an account of the various structures, drew plans, and sketched several of the decorations he encountered.",
"Later that year his account was published by the London Literary Gazette and the Geographical Society in Paris.",
"He also sent a small collection of Maya objects to the Royal Society in London.",
"In 1834, Galindo was sent by the Central American government to survey and report on the ruins at Copán.",
"He spent about ten weeks exploring the area, writing reports and sketching his findings.",
"He wrote two brief reports for the London Literary Gazette and the American Antiquarian Society.",
"A more detailed report with twenty-six illustrations was sent to the Société de Géographie in Paris and the original was sent to his government with the mistaken assumption that it would be published.",
"Instead, it was filed away and \"lost\" for more than a hundred years when it was uncovered and published in 1945.",
"Although it was just a small part of his career, Galindo proved to be an astute observer and an effective communicator who earned recognition as an early pioneer of Maya archaeology.",
"He wrote some thirty-two letters to the Société de Géographie sharing his ideas and insights.",
"Galindo was one of the first to point out the close resemblance between the contemporary Maya peoples and the carved images of the ancient Maya to be found among the ruins.",
"He correctly suggested that the original Maya civilization was created by the ancestors of the contemporary Mayas.",
"He was also the first investigator to carefully copy the Maya hieroglyphics and identify them as a unique form of writing.",
"See also\n History of Central America\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading\n\nGriffith, William J.",
"\"Galindo, Juan (1802–1840).\"",
"Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture, edited by Jay Kinsbruner and Erick D. Langer, 2nd ed., vol.",
"3, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2008, pp.",
"353–354.",
"External links\nJuan Galindo at www.englishgalindos.co.uk\n\n1802 births\n1839 deaths\n19th-century explorers\n19th-century Mesoamericanists\nExplorers of Central America\nGuatemalan archaeologists\nGuatemalan Mesoamericanists\nGuatemalan people of Irish descent\nIrish people of Spanish descent\nMayanists\nMembers of the American Antiquarian Society\nMesoamerican archaeologists"
] | [
"Juan Galindo was an Anglo-Irish political activist and military and administrative officer under the Liberal government of the Federal Republic of Central America.",
"He was in a diplomatic mission to the United States and England.",
"He was able to explore the region and look at the Maya ruins.",
"He was an early pioneer of Maya archaeology because of the reports on his findings.",
"John Galindo was born in Dublin in 1802.",
"His father was an Englishman of Spanish descent and his mother was Irish.",
"The parents met while working at the theater.",
"They got married in Dublin.",
"It is not known why he left for the New World.",
"He joined his uncle, a plantation owner in Jamaica, either before or after he joined the fight for Chile's independence.",
"He was the first person to have a clear record of his early career.",
"He was in charge of improvements at the port of Iztapa as well as a major in the Honduras battalion.",
"Francisco Morazn was the leader of the Liberal forces in the Federal Republic of Central America.",
"The revolution was brought to a successful end by Morazn's army.",
"The Federal Republic of Central America was established thanks to the patronage of Morazn and Glvez.",
"He changed his name to Juan after getting naturalized by the federal congress.",
"The officer of a military garrison at Omoa, the commander of the port at Trujillo, and the military governor of Petén were all assigned to the new government.",
"In 1834, he received a million-acre land grant in Petén with the stipulations that he win over the native Lacandon Maya and settle the area in five years.",
"The British claimed that the new land grant belonged to British Honduras while he realized that the boundary between the two countries was in dispute.",
"The land's most valuable asset was stripped of it's most valuable asset.",
"Galindo was appointed to negotiate with the British Foreign Office in London after discussions in British Honduras failed to resolve the issue.",
"In order to get the United States to support his cause against Britain, he left Central America in January, 1835.",
"In return, Galindo offered to give information about possible canal routes.",
"He met with the Secretary of State and the President but failed to get their support.",
"He arrived in London in August.",
"He had a meeting with the Foreign Secretary after he arrived.",
"By April 1836, Palmerston had decided not to work with Galindo and offered an excuse that he couldn't represent a foreign government because he was a British subject.",
"Without a clear title to his land grant in Petén, Galindo was unable to attract settlers.",
"He petitioned Central America for another chance and was given a grant on the Mosquito Coast.",
"While in London, Galindo recruited his father and other relatives to lead a group of people to settle on the remote coast.",
"The settlers were ill-equipped, lacked sufficient supplies, and were unable to earn a living once they arrived.",
"By 1836, the settlement had collapsed and his father had returned to England.",
"His influence with the Central America government was diminished.",
"The Liberal regime in Central America was under a lot of pressure.",
"The effort to rally support against perceived British aggression failed to gain popular attention.",
"He rejoined the army when civil war broke out.",
"The battle of Cabaas took place near the city of Tegucigalpa on January 30, 1840, which resulted in the deaths of both Cabaas and Galindo.",
"The Maya ruins at Palenque were reached by overland in April 1831 after an exploratory trip down the Usumacinta River.",
"He spent a month exploring the site and wrote an account of the various structures, drew plans, and sketched some of the decorations he encountered.",
"His account was published in Paris by the Geographical Society.",
"The Royal Society in London received a small collection of Maya objects.",
"The ruins at Copn were reported to the Central American government in 1834.",
"He explored the area for about ten weeks, writing reports and sketching his findings.",
"He wrote two reports for the American Antiquarian Society.",
"The original report was sent to his government with the mistaken belief that it would be published.",
"When it was discovered and published in 1945, it was \"filed away and lost\" for more than a hundred years.",
"Although it was just a small part of his career, Galindo proved to be an astute observer and an effective communicator who earned recognition as an early pioneer of Maya archaeology.",
"Thirty-two letters were written to the Société de Géographie by him.",
"One of the first to point out the similarity between the contemporary Maya peoples and the carved images of the ancient Maya was Galindo.",
"He said that the original Maya civilization was created by the ancestors of the contemporary Mayas.",
"He was the first to identify the Maya hieroglyphics as a unique form of writing.",
"See the History of Central America Notes References.",
"\"Galindo, Juan\"",
"The Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture was edited by Jay Kinsbruner.",
"Charles Scribner's Sons was published in 2008.",
"353–355.",
"Juan Galindo has a website at www.englishgalindos.co.uk."
] | <mask> (1802 – 30 January 1840) was an Anglo-Irish political activist and military and administrative officer under the Liberal government of the Federal Republic of Central America. He represented the government in a diplomatic mission to the United States and England. His duties in Central America allowed him to explore the region and examine Maya ruins. The reports on his findings earned him recognition as an early pioneer of Maya archaeology. Early <mask> was born in Dublin in 1802 as <mask>. His father, <mask> was an Englishman of Spanish descent and his mother, Catherine Gough, was Irish. Both parents were actors who met while working at a theater in Bath.They married in Dublin in 1801. His early life is obscure and it is not known why or exactly when he left for the New World. Sources differ on his emigration but sometime before he was twenty he either joined Admiral Thomas Cochrane to fight for Chile's independence or he joined his uncle, a plantation owner in Jamaica. The first clear record of his early career occurred in 1827 when he worked as secretary and translator for the British consul in Guatemala. By 1828 he was the superintendent for improvements at the port of Iztapa as well as a major in a Honduras battalion. Federal Republic of Central America
In 1829 the Liberal forces led by Francisco Morazán invaded Guatemala. <mask> joined the Liberals and Morazán's army quickly brought the revolution to a successful end.Morazán established the Federal Republic of Central America and <mask> enjoyed the patronage of Morazán and Mariano Gálvez, the chief of state in Guatemala. The new federal congress granted <mask> naturalization papers and he changed his name to <mask>. <mask> undertook several military assignments for the new government, including officer of a military garrison at Omoa, commander of the port at Trujillo, and military governor of Petén. In 1834, he received a million-acre land grant in Petén with the stipulations that he pacify the native Lacandon Maya and settle the area in five years with colonists who would be loyal to the Guatemalan government. He soon realized that the boundary between Guatemala and British Honduras was in dispute and the British claimed that <mask>'s new land grant belonged to British Honduras. British mahogany cutters were actively logging the area, depriving <mask> of the land's most valuable asset. When discussions with Frederick Chatfield in British Honduras failed to resolve the issue, Central America appointed <mask> as envoy to negotiate directly with the British Foreign Office in London.<mask> left Central America in January, 1835, stopping first in Washington, DC in hopes of enlisting the United States to support his cause against Britain. In return, <mask> offered to provide information regarding possible canal routes through Nicaragua. He met with Secretary of State John Forsyth and President Andrew Jackson in May, 1835 but failed to gain their support. <mask> proceeded to London and arrived there in August. He had a meeting with Foreign Secretary Lord Palmerston soon after his arrival but then talks proceeded in a desultory fashion. By April 1836 Palmerston had determined not to work with <mask> and offered the expedient excuse that since <mask> was born a British subject, he could not represent a foreign government. Without a clear title to his land grant in Petén, Galindo was unable to attract settlers.Instead, he petitioned Central America for another opportunity and was provided a grant on the Mosquito Coast. While still in London, <mask> recruited his father and other relatives to lead a group of colonists to settle on this remote coast. This enterprise ended in failure; the settlers were ill-equipped, lacked sufficient supplies, and found no way to earn a living once they arrived. By the time <mask> returned to Central America in 1836, the settlement had collapsed and his father had returned to England. He also found that his influence with the Central America government was greatly diminished. The Liberal regime that had governed Central America was under pressure on several fronts. <mask> attempted to rally support against perceived British aggression but this effort failed to gain popular attention.When civil war broke out, he rejoined the army under Liberal general, Trinidad Cabañas. Cabañas was defeated by the joint forces of Honduras and Nicaragua near the city of Tegucigalpa and <mask> was killed on January 30, 1840 in the aftermath of the battle. Maya archaeology
As military governor of Petén, <mask> undertook an exploratory trip down the Usumacinta River and then crossed overland to reach the Maya ruins at Palenque in April 1831. He spent a month exploring the site and wrote an account of the various structures, drew plans, and sketched several of the decorations he encountered. Later that year his account was published by the London Literary Gazette and the Geographical Society in Paris. He also sent a small collection of Maya objects to the Royal Society in London. In 1834, <mask> was sent by the Central American government to survey and report on the ruins at Copán.He spent about ten weeks exploring the area, writing reports and sketching his findings. He wrote two brief reports for the London Literary Gazette and the American Antiquarian Society. A more detailed report with twenty-six illustrations was sent to the Société de Géographie in Paris and the original was sent to his government with the mistaken assumption that it would be published. Instead, it was filed away and "lost" for more than a hundred years when it was uncovered and published in 1945. Although it was just a small part of his career, <mask> proved to be an astute observer and an effective communicator who earned recognition as an early pioneer of Maya archaeology. He wrote some thirty-two letters to the Société de Géographie sharing his ideas and insights. <mask> was one of the first to point out the close resemblance between the contemporary Maya peoples and the carved images of the ancient Maya to be found among the ruins.He correctly suggested that the original Maya civilization was created by the ancestors of the contemporary Mayas. He was also the first investigator to carefully copy the Maya hieroglyphics and identify them as a unique form of writing. See also
History of Central America
Notes
References
Further reading
Griffith, William J. "<mask>, <mask> (1802–1840)." Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture, edited by Jay Kinsbruner and Erick D. Langer, 2nd ed., vol. 3, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2008, pp. 353–354.External links
<mask> at www.englishgalindos.co.uk
1802 births
1839 deaths
19th-century explorers
19th-century Mesoamericanists
Explorers of Central America
Guatemalan archaeologists
Guatemalan Mesoamericanists
Guatemalan people of Irish descent
Irish people of Spanish descent
Mayanists
Members of the American Antiquarian Society
Mesoamerican archaeologists | [
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] | <mask> was an Anglo-Irish political activist and military and administrative officer under the Liberal government of the Federal Republic of Central America. He was in a diplomatic mission to the United States and England. He was able to explore the region and look at the Maya ruins. He was an early pioneer of Maya archaeology because of the reports on his findings. <mask> was born in Dublin in 1802. His father was an Englishman of Spanish descent and his mother was Irish. The parents met while working at the theater.They got married in Dublin. It is not known why he left for the New World. He joined his uncle, a plantation owner in Jamaica, either before or after he joined the fight for Chile's independence. He was the first person to have a clear record of his early career. He was in charge of improvements at the port of Iztapa as well as a major in the Honduras battalion. Francisco Morazn was the leader of the Liberal forces in the Federal Republic of Central America. The revolution was brought to a successful end by Morazn's army.The Federal Republic of Central America was established thanks to the patronage of Morazn and Glvez. He changed his name to <mask> after getting naturalized by the federal congress. The officer of a military garrison at Omoa, the commander of the port at Trujillo, and the military governor of Petén were all assigned to the new government. In 1834, he received a million-acre land grant in Petén with the stipulations that he win over the native Lacandon Maya and settle the area in five years. The British claimed that the new land grant belonged to British Honduras while he realized that the boundary between the two countries was in dispute. The land's most valuable asset was stripped of it's most valuable asset. <mask> was appointed to negotiate with the British Foreign Office in London after discussions in British Honduras failed to resolve the issue.In order to get the United States to support his cause against Britain, he left Central America in January, 1835. In return, <mask> offered to give information about possible canal routes. He met with the Secretary of State and the President but failed to get their support. He arrived in London in August. He had a meeting with the Foreign Secretary after he arrived. By April 1836, Palmerston had decided not to work with <mask> and offered an excuse that he couldn't represent a foreign government because he was a British subject. Without a clear title to his land grant in Petén, <mask> was unable to attract settlers.He petitioned Central America for another chance and was given a grant on the Mosquito Coast. While in London, <mask> recruited his father and other relatives to lead a group of people to settle on the remote coast. The settlers were ill-equipped, lacked sufficient supplies, and were unable to earn a living once they arrived. By 1836, the settlement had collapsed and his father had returned to England. His influence with the Central America government was diminished. The Liberal regime in Central America was under a lot of pressure. The effort to rally support against perceived British aggression failed to gain popular attention.He rejoined the army when civil war broke out. The battle of Cabaas took place near the city of Tegucigalpa on January 30, 1840, which resulted in the deaths of both Cabaas and Galindo. The Maya ruins at Palenque were reached by overland in April 1831 after an exploratory trip down the Usumacinta River. He spent a month exploring the site and wrote an account of the various structures, drew plans, and sketched some of the decorations he encountered. His account was published in Paris by the Geographical Society. The Royal Society in London received a small collection of Maya objects. The ruins at Copn were reported to the Central American government in 1834.He explored the area for about ten weeks, writing reports and sketching his findings. He wrote two reports for the American Antiquarian Society. The original report was sent to his government with the mistaken belief that it would be published. When it was discovered and published in 1945, it was "filed away and lost" for more than a hundred years. Although it was just a small part of his career, <mask> proved to be an astute observer and an effective communicator who earned recognition as an early pioneer of Maya archaeology. Thirty-two letters were written to the Société de Géographie by him. One of the first to point out the similarity between the contemporary Maya peoples and the carved images of the ancient Maya was <mask>.He said that the original Maya civilization was created by the ancestors of the contemporary Mayas. He was the first to identify the Maya hieroglyphics as a unique form of writing. See the History of Central America Notes References. "<mask>, <mask>" The Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture was edited by Jay Kinsbruner. Charles Scribner's Sons was published in 2008. 353–355.<mask> has a website at www.englishgalindos.co.uk. | [
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] |
18657678 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karim%20Nagi | Karim Nagi | Karim Nagi is an Egyptian musician, composer, ethnic dance artist, and DJ. He specializes in traditional Arabic music but is widely known for his innovative approach. In total he has released fourteen CDs and six DVDs, and he tours internationally performing and teaching.
Karim Nagi has been an invited speaker and master class instructor at Brown University, Princeton University, Yale University, New York University, Boston University, and the University of California Los Angeles, among many others, including international institutions. He has been a featured ethnic dance artist at Jacob's Pillow Dance Festival and a featured music artist at the American Folk Festival in Bangor, ME, in 2004 and Lowell, MA, in 2005.
In 2001 Karim Nagi started the program Arabiqa, aimed to educate children and adults alike on Arabic culture through music and arts rather than through religion and politics. He is a member of the New England Foundation for the Arts, through which he is a New England States Touring (NEST) artist.
Under the name Turbo Tabla, Karim Nagi has released four CDs, two of which were distributed internationally by Universal Records. These CDs feature Karim's pioneering technique and unique aesthetic in mixing traditional Arabic sounds with Hip Hop, Techno and House. More recently, he has been exploring English language spoken word fused with his signature Arab percussion and electronic remixes.
He produces the annual Arab Dance Seminar, now in its fourteenth session, where he invites native and expert instructors to teach dances and culture from around the Arab world over three days every November. He is also the director of the Sharq Ensemble, a group of three to thirteen Arab and American musicians that revives and performs traditional Arabic music. The Ensemble was featured, to wide acclaim, in the Boston Christmas Revels in 2011 and has also performed, toured and released one CD with the Boston Camerata.
Biography
Born in Kuwait, Karim Nagi lived in Egypt until his father received an offer to complete his residency in England. His family then moved to the United States, where his father worked as a radiologist.
Music did not become a central point in Karim's life until he met composer Christopher Stowens, who encouraged him to play percussion instruments and taught him the basics of computer-driven electronic music.
Karim studied philosophy and psychology at Skidmore College, where he was heavily involved in theatre sound production and played guitar and drums in multiple bands on the side.
After his graduation, Karim traveled around India, Turkey, Eastern Europe and Egypt. At the end of his extended travels in 1995, Karim dedicated himself to the study and performance of Arabic music. He studied with Nabil Ata and Midhat al-Rashidi (who performed regularly with Abdel Halim Hafez), Simon Shaheen, Michel Baqlouq (Fairuz ensemble), Dr. Alfred Gamil (Cairo Conservatory of Music) and Mohammed Al-Araby (percussionist for Umm Kulthum and The National Orchestra of Egypt). He focused on Arabic percussion, including the Arabic Tabla (goblet drum), the Riq, and the Sagat (finger cymbals).
During the 1990s, Karim was well known in Boston for his family's boutique on Newbury Street, his participation in fashion shows, and his skills as a DJ. However, after 9/11, Karim decided to educate people about his culture instead of hiding his identity. His Arabesque Mondays at Club Passim captured Boston's attention. These monthly gatherings aimed to "draw together people interested in traditional [Arabic] music... and educate those who may not be familiar with it." He attracted Boston's attention and revived the Arab music scene in Boston
Karim's educative mission then moved from the club scene to the classroom. He taught Arabic music at The New England Conservatory of Music for five years, and has since been invited to lecture and present at schools, colleges, universities, conservatories, museums, and events (such as SXSW) across the United States and internationally. In the course of his work, including frequent invitations to teach workshops for dance and music studios, he has traveled to and taught on every continent (except Antarctica), in more than 20 countries.
Tradition re-imagined
Karim Nagi has recorded four CDs under the moniker of Turbo Tabla: Arabic Music Re-Imagined (2003), Bellydance Overdrive (2004), The Belly and the Beat (2006), and Unregulated (2010). Two were released by The Miles Copeland Group (Sting, R.E.M., Hakim, Bellydance Superstars, Oojami) and are distributed internationally by Universal Records. All include tracks originally composed or arranged by Nagi. They exemplify Karim's principle "tradition re-imagined" - fusing traditional songs, rhythms and sounds from the Arab world with hip-hop, techno and house music.
In 2012 Karim Nagi released two albums under "Karim Nagi," which further developed his philosophy of innovation within tradition. In the first, "Arabized," Karim tackles the concept of Westernization. He reworks recognizable songs from non-Arabic traditions (including American, Chinese, Mexican, Indian, and European), using Arabic instruments and rhythm, i.e. "Arabizing" them. He also makes his first extended foray into vocals on the original track "The Mash of Civilizations," in which he samples several recognizable non-Arab tunes and themes, combines them with Arabic instruments and overlays his spoken word message about cultural collaboration.
"Rhythmatiq," the second album from 2012, showcases Karim's expertise in Arab rhythms. Utilizing samples, tabla, riq, sagat, hand-clapping, and even voice (at times reminiscent of bol (music)), he builds short songs entirely upon a single Arab rhythm or rhythmatic concept. The tracks incorporate cultural context audible to the trained ear and are meant to be mixed and matched, enabling listeners and performers to create their own drum solos. The album opens and closes with two of Karim Nagi's complete drum solos, featuring his signature energetic yet clean tabla technique and demonstrating his structured philosophy to drum solos. Furthermore, the CD packaging includes a chart of all the included rhythms and more, making the album a teaching tool as well. After the release of the album, Karim invited dancers from around the world (all students of his) to choreograph individual pieces.
As a result of his innovative fusion of the traditional and modern, Karim Nagi's music appeals to and is utilized by a wide range of dance artists, from tribal fusion artists like Jill Parker to more traditional Raqs Sharqi artists, like Bozenka. In 2008 he was nominated for the Zaghareet Awards (for those involved in Middle Eastern dance and music in the United States) in the Category of Favorite Musician.
Multi-dimensional performer
Karim Nagi is widely known for his vibrant and energetic performances. He integrates his skills as musician, dancer and DJ to make his shows unique and exciting. His signature Turbo Tabla performances involve energetic dancing while playing the tabla, untraditionally strapped over his shoulder. His technique for the tabla strap developed in the context of teaching Dabka and is a well-kept secret.
He is also well known for his ambidextrous approach to playing the Sagat and ability to accompany his own dancing with his musical skill on the instrument.
In addition, he will sometimes break the group tradition of Dabka by performing lively solos.
Musician
While a pioneer in modernizing Arab music, Karim Nagi is also a purist: "Old-Style tradition Arabic music still crushes my soul. It is my first love. It is the only style of music that consistently blisses me."
Although adept at multiple instruments, Karim Nagi's specialty is the Riq. He is sought after for his musicality and intuitive accompaniment skill on the riq, regularly being invited to perform with DC-based band Ana Masry and for the Jawaahir Dance Company in Minneapolis
He is also the founder and director of the Sharq Ensemble. Their mission: To preserve and present traditional and classical Arabic vocal and instrumental music. The ensemble has performed at Harvard University, MIT, UC Santa Barbara, The Boston Center for the Arts, Brooklyn Museum of Art, among many others.
In 2005, The Sharq Ensemble joined the Boston Camerata on the project A Mediterranean Christmas. They released an album and toured France and Germany. The repertoire is based on medieval musical cultures of southern Europe and northern Africa, between 1200-1900.
The Sharq Ensemble formed an integral part of the Boston Christmas Revels in 2011, where they sold out their 2005 album REVIVAL: Wasla Hijazkar and Wasla Bayyati (still available electronically).
Given his expertise in Arab rhythms, Karim Nagi has also released albums aimed at educating listeners about the traditional rhythms found in the Arab world. These CDs include Rhythms from Around the Arab World and Advanced Rhythms for the Advanced Dancer. He has also released instructional DVDs for both tabla and riq.
Dancer
Although primarily known as a musician, Karim Nagi has also trained in traditional Arab folk dances, specifically Dabka and Saidi Raqs al assaya (martial arts-based staff dance from Upper Egypt). He can frequently be seen performing the latter, dressed traditionally in a Galabeya and utilizing a pair of staves. He is widely sought after by dancers to teach Arab folk dances, as well as topics that integrate his knowledge of music and dance, e.g. Musicality for Dancers, Live Drum Solo, Arabic Maqam and Taqsim, and Survey of Arabic Music for Dance.
Deeply invested in placing Arab dance in its cultural context, Karim began producing the Arab Dance Seminar in 2005. This three-day event immerses students in the language, music, social and political context of dances from different parts of the Arab world. The classes are taught by Karim Nagi and teachers whom he personally selects, including native Arabs and non-Arab ethnologists. The Arab Dance Seminar has sold out every year since its inception.
He has also produced an instructional DVD on Arab Folk Dance, which includes lessons in Dabka, Saidi Raqs al assaya (based on Tahtib), Khaleeji, and Sufi ritual dance.
Outreach to non-Arabs
After 9/11 Karim Nagi became acutely aware of the need for cultural education that humanized and depoliticized Arabs and Arab culture. He created Arabiqa, a program he presents in schools around the country in order to bring Arabic music and arts closer to children. He has also presented his Arabiqa program for adults at conferences in Colleges, Universities, Conservatories, and Music events. In 2013 he produced a full-length theatre program based on Arabiqa, which he performed at the YMCA Theatre in Cambridge, MA.
Karim Nagi explains the mission of Arabiqa: "Language and the arts define Arab and Islamic culture. By learning about these unifying themes, one can understand this culture with much more depth and authenticity...My agenda is to demonstrate the depth of Arab art as exemplified in music and dance... Arab culture, through the universal language of music, becomes demystified and humanized. The beauty and authenticity of Arabic music and dance serve as a convincing demonstration of the simultaneous exoticism and familiarity of this ancient culture".
Outreach to the Arab diaspora
With Club Passim in Cambridge, Karim Nagi began the work of connecting the Arab-American diaspora to each other as well as to their traditional culture. As a self-employed professional artist, he encourages Arabs to preserve and participate in the presentation of their traditions. In 2009 he was invited as a panelist at the Diwan conference at the Arab American National Museum in Dearborn, Michigan. His presentation, titled Lauren of Arabia addressed the prevalence of non-Arabs in Arab dance culture and encouraged members of the Arab diaspora to represent themselves in the arts.
References
Other sources
External links
Turbo Tabla Website
Sharq Arabic Music Ensemble
Fan site for Karim Nagi
Atlanta Oasis: Interview with Karim Nagi
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Egyptian musicians | [
"Karim Nagi is an Egyptian musician, composer, ethnic dance artist, and DJ.",
"He specializes in traditional Arabic music but is widely known for his innovative approach.",
"In total he has released fourteen CDs and six DVDs, and he tours internationally performing and teaching.",
"Karim Nagi has been an invited speaker and master class instructor at Brown University, Princeton University, Yale University, New York University, Boston University, and the University of California Los Angeles, among many others, including international institutions.",
"He has been a featured ethnic dance artist at Jacob's Pillow Dance Festival and a featured music artist at the American Folk Festival in Bangor, ME, in 2004 and Lowell, MA, in 2005.",
"In 2001 Karim Nagi started the program Arabiqa, aimed to educate children and adults alike on Arabic culture through music and arts rather than through religion and politics.",
"He is a member of the New England Foundation for the Arts, through which he is a New England States Touring (NEST) artist.",
"Under the name Turbo Tabla, Karim Nagi has released four CDs, two of which were distributed internationally by Universal Records.",
"These CDs feature Karim's pioneering technique and unique aesthetic in mixing traditional Arabic sounds with Hip Hop, Techno and House.",
"More recently, he has been exploring English language spoken word fused with his signature Arab percussion and electronic remixes.",
"He produces the annual Arab Dance Seminar, now in its fourteenth session, where he invites native and expert instructors to teach dances and culture from around the Arab world over three days every November.",
"He is also the director of the Sharq Ensemble, a group of three to thirteen Arab and American musicians that revives and performs traditional Arabic music.",
"The Ensemble was featured, to wide acclaim, in the Boston Christmas Revels in 2011 and has also performed, toured and released one CD with the Boston Camerata.",
"Biography\nBorn in Kuwait, Karim Nagi lived in Egypt until his father received an offer to complete his residency in England.",
"His family then moved to the United States, where his father worked as a radiologist.",
"Music did not become a central point in Karim's life until he met composer Christopher Stowens, who encouraged him to play percussion instruments and taught him the basics of computer-driven electronic music.",
"Karim studied philosophy and psychology at Skidmore College, where he was heavily involved in theatre sound production and played guitar and drums in multiple bands on the side.",
"After his graduation, Karim traveled around India, Turkey, Eastern Europe and Egypt.",
"At the end of his extended travels in 1995, Karim dedicated himself to the study and performance of Arabic music.",
"He studied with Nabil Ata and Midhat al-Rashidi (who performed regularly with Abdel Halim Hafez), Simon Shaheen, Michel Baqlouq (Fairuz ensemble), Dr. Alfred Gamil (Cairo Conservatory of Music) and Mohammed Al-Araby (percussionist for Umm Kulthum and The National Orchestra of Egypt).",
"He focused on Arabic percussion, including the Arabic Tabla (goblet drum), the Riq, and the Sagat (finger cymbals).",
"During the 1990s, Karim was well known in Boston for his family's boutique on Newbury Street, his participation in fashion shows, and his skills as a DJ.",
"However, after 9/11, Karim decided to educate people about his culture instead of hiding his identity.",
"His Arabesque Mondays at Club Passim captured Boston's attention.",
"These monthly gatherings aimed to \"draw together people interested in traditional [Arabic] music... and educate those who may not be familiar with it.\"",
"He attracted Boston's attention and revived the Arab music scene in Boston \n\nKarim's educative mission then moved from the club scene to the classroom.",
"He taught Arabic music at The New England Conservatory of Music for five years, and has since been invited to lecture and present at schools, colleges, universities, conservatories, museums, and events (such as SXSW) across the United States and internationally.",
"In the course of his work, including frequent invitations to teach workshops for dance and music studios, he has traveled to and taught on every continent (except Antarctica), in more than 20 countries.",
"Tradition re-imagined\nKarim Nagi has recorded four CDs under the moniker of Turbo Tabla: Arabic Music Re-Imagined (2003), Bellydance Overdrive (2004), The Belly and the Beat (2006), and Unregulated (2010).",
"Two were released by The Miles Copeland Group (Sting, R.E.M., Hakim, Bellydance Superstars, Oojami) and are distributed internationally by Universal Records.",
"All include tracks originally composed or arranged by Nagi.",
"They exemplify Karim's principle \"tradition re-imagined\" - fusing traditional songs, rhythms and sounds from the Arab world with hip-hop, techno and house music.",
"In 2012 Karim Nagi released two albums under \"Karim Nagi,\" which further developed his philosophy of innovation within tradition.",
"In the first, \"Arabized,\" Karim tackles the concept of Westernization.",
"He reworks recognizable songs from non-Arabic traditions (including American, Chinese, Mexican, Indian, and European), using Arabic instruments and rhythm, i.e.",
"\"Arabizing\" them.",
"He also makes his first extended foray into vocals on the original track \"The Mash of Civilizations,\" in which he samples several recognizable non-Arab tunes and themes, combines them with Arabic instruments and overlays his spoken word message about cultural collaboration.",
"\"Rhythmatiq,\" the second album from 2012, showcases Karim's expertise in Arab rhythms.",
"Utilizing samples, tabla, riq, sagat, hand-clapping, and even voice (at times reminiscent of bol (music)), he builds short songs entirely upon a single Arab rhythm or rhythmatic concept.",
"The tracks incorporate cultural context audible to the trained ear and are meant to be mixed and matched, enabling listeners and performers to create their own drum solos.",
"The album opens and closes with two of Karim Nagi's complete drum solos, featuring his signature energetic yet clean tabla technique and demonstrating his structured philosophy to drum solos.",
"Furthermore, the CD packaging includes a chart of all the included rhythms and more, making the album a teaching tool as well.",
"After the release of the album, Karim invited dancers from around the world (all students of his) to choreograph individual pieces.",
"As a result of his innovative fusion of the traditional and modern, Karim Nagi's music appeals to and is utilized by a wide range of dance artists, from tribal fusion artists like Jill Parker to more traditional Raqs Sharqi artists, like Bozenka.",
"In 2008 he was nominated for the Zaghareet Awards (for those involved in Middle Eastern dance and music in the United States) in the Category of Favorite Musician.",
"Multi-dimensional performer\nKarim Nagi is widely known for his vibrant and energetic performances.",
"He integrates his skills as musician, dancer and DJ to make his shows unique and exciting.",
"His signature Turbo Tabla performances involve energetic dancing while playing the tabla, untraditionally strapped over his shoulder.",
"His technique for the tabla strap developed in the context of teaching Dabka and is a well-kept secret.",
"He is also well known for his ambidextrous approach to playing the Sagat and ability to accompany his own dancing with his musical skill on the instrument.",
"In addition, he will sometimes break the group tradition of Dabka by performing lively solos.",
"Musician\nWhile a pioneer in modernizing Arab music, Karim Nagi is also a purist: \"Old-Style tradition Arabic music still crushes my soul.",
"It is my first love.",
"It is the only style of music that consistently blisses me.\"",
"Although adept at multiple instruments, Karim Nagi's specialty is the Riq.",
"He is sought after for his musicality and intuitive accompaniment skill on the riq, regularly being invited to perform with DC-based band Ana Masry and for the Jawaahir Dance Company in Minneapolis\n\nHe is also the founder and director of the Sharq Ensemble.",
"Their mission: To preserve and present traditional and classical Arabic vocal and instrumental music.",
"The ensemble has performed at Harvard University, MIT, UC Santa Barbara, The Boston Center for the Arts, Brooklyn Museum of Art, among many others.",
"In 2005, The Sharq Ensemble joined the Boston Camerata on the project A Mediterranean Christmas.",
"They released an album and toured France and Germany.",
"The repertoire is based on medieval musical cultures of southern Europe and northern Africa, between 1200-1900.",
"The Sharq Ensemble formed an integral part of the Boston Christmas Revels in 2011, where they sold out their 2005 album REVIVAL: Wasla Hijazkar and Wasla Bayyati (still available electronically).",
"Given his expertise in Arab rhythms, Karim Nagi has also released albums aimed at educating listeners about the traditional rhythms found in the Arab world.",
"These CDs include Rhythms from Around the Arab World and Advanced Rhythms for the Advanced Dancer.",
"He has also released instructional DVDs for both tabla and riq.",
"Dancer\nAlthough primarily known as a musician, Karim Nagi has also trained in traditional Arab folk dances, specifically Dabka and Saidi Raqs al assaya (martial arts-based staff dance from Upper Egypt).",
"He can frequently be seen performing the latter, dressed traditionally in a Galabeya and utilizing a pair of staves.",
"He is widely sought after by dancers to teach Arab folk dances, as well as topics that integrate his knowledge of music and dance, e.g.",
"Musicality for Dancers, Live Drum Solo, Arabic Maqam and Taqsim, and Survey of Arabic Music for Dance.",
"Deeply invested in placing Arab dance in its cultural context, Karim began producing the Arab Dance Seminar in 2005.",
"This three-day event immerses students in the language, music, social and political context of dances from different parts of the Arab world.",
"The classes are taught by Karim Nagi and teachers whom he personally selects, including native Arabs and non-Arab ethnologists.",
"The Arab Dance Seminar has sold out every year since its inception.",
"He has also produced an instructional DVD on Arab Folk Dance, which includes lessons in Dabka, Saidi Raqs al assaya (based on Tahtib), Khaleeji, and Sufi ritual dance.",
"Outreach to non-Arabs\nAfter 9/11 Karim Nagi became acutely aware of the need for cultural education that humanized and depoliticized Arabs and Arab culture.",
"He created Arabiqa, a program he presents in schools around the country in order to bring Arabic music and arts closer to children.",
"He has also presented his Arabiqa program for adults at conferences in Colleges, Universities, Conservatories, and Music events.",
"In 2013 he produced a full-length theatre program based on Arabiqa, which he performed at the YMCA Theatre in Cambridge, MA.",
"Karim Nagi explains the mission of Arabiqa: \"Language and the arts define Arab and Islamic culture.",
"By learning about these unifying themes, one can understand this culture with much more depth and authenticity...My agenda is to demonstrate the depth of Arab art as exemplified in music and dance... Arab culture, through the universal language of music, becomes demystified and humanized.",
"The beauty and authenticity of Arabic music and dance serve as a convincing demonstration of the simultaneous exoticism and familiarity of this ancient culture\".",
"Outreach to the Arab diaspora\nWith Club Passim in Cambridge, Karim Nagi began the work of connecting the Arab-American diaspora to each other as well as to their traditional culture.",
"As a self-employed professional artist, he encourages Arabs to preserve and participate in the presentation of their traditions.",
"In 2009 he was invited as a panelist at the Diwan conference at the Arab American National Museum in Dearborn, Michigan.",
"His presentation, titled Lauren of Arabia addressed the prevalence of non-Arabs in Arab dance culture and encouraged members of the Arab diaspora to represent themselves in the arts.",
"References\n\nOther sources\n\nExternal links\nTurbo Tabla Website\nSharq Arabic Music Ensemble\nFan site for Karim Nagi\n\nAtlanta Oasis: Interview with Karim Nagi\n\nYear of birth missing (living people)\nLiving people\nEgyptian musicians"
] | [
"He is an Egyptian musician, composer, ethnic dance artist, and DJ.",
"He is known for his innovative approach to music.",
"He has released fourteen CDs and six DVDs.",
"An invited speaker and master class instructor at many institutions, including Brown University, the University of California Los Angeles, and New York University, among others.",
"In 2004, he was a featured ethnic dance artist at Jacob's Pillow Dance Festival and in 2005, he was a featured music artist at the American Folk Festival in Bangor, ME.",
"The program Arabiqa was started in 2001 to educate children and adults alike on Arabic culture through music and arts rather than through religion and politics.",
"He is an NEST artist and a member of the New England Foundation for the Arts.",
"Two of the four CDs released under the name \"Turbo Tabla\" were distributed internationally by Universal Records.",
"There is a unique aesthetic in mixing traditional Arabic sounds with Hip Hop, Techno and House on these CDs.",
"He has been experimenting with English language spoken word fused with his signature Arab percussion and electronic remixes.",
"The annual Arab Dance Seminar is an event where native and expert instructors teach dances and culture from around the Arab world over three days in November.",
"The Sharq ensemble is a group of three to thirteen Arab and American musicians that revives and performs traditional Arabic music.",
"The ensemble has toured and released a CD with the Boston Camerata, as well as being featured in the Boston Christmas Revels in 2011.",
"After his father received an offer to complete his residency in England, Karim Nagi moved to Egypt.",
"His father worked as a radiologist in the United States.",
"After Christopher Stowens encouraged him to play percussion instruments and teach him the basics of computer-driven electronic music, music became a central point in his life.",
"At Skidmore College, where he studied philosophy and psychology, he was heavily involved in theatre sound production and played guitar and drums in multiple bands on the side.",
"He traveled around India, Turkey, Eastern Europe and Egypt.",
"He dedicated himself to the study and performance of Arabic music at the end of his travels in 1995.",
"He studied with many musicians, including Abdel Halim Hafez and Midhat al-Rashidi.",
"Arabic percussion included the Arabic Tabla, the Riq, and the Sagat.",
"During the 1990s, he was well known in Boston for his skills as a DJ and his participation in fashion shows.",
"After 9/11, Karim decided to educate people about his culture instead of hiding his identity.",
"Boston was interested in his Arabesque Mondays at Club Passim.",
"The gatherings draw together people interested in traditional Arabic music and educate those who are not familiar with it.",
"After attracting Boston's attention, he moved from the club scene to the classroom.",
"He taught Arabic music at The New England Conservatory of Music for five years, and has since been invited to lecture and present at schools, colleges, universities, conservatories, museums, and events across the United States and internationally.",
"He has traveled to and taught in more than 20 countries in the course of his work, including frequent invitations to teach workshops for dance and music studios.",
"Four CDs have been recorded under the name of \"Turbo Tabla: Arabic Music Re-Imagined\", \"The Belly and the Beat\", and \"Unregulated\".",
"The two released by The Miles Copeland Group were distributed internationally by Universal Records.",
"Tracks originally composed or arranged by Nagi are included.",
"They combine traditional songs, rhythms and sounds from the Arab world with hip-hop, techno and house music.",
"The philosophy of innovation within tradition was further developed by the release of two albums under the name \"Karim Nagi.\"",
"\"Arabized\" deals with the concept of Westernization.",
"He uses Arabic instruments and rhythm to change recognizable songs from non-Arabic traditions.",
"They were \"Arabizing\" them.",
"He samples several recognizable non-Arab tunes and themes, combines them with Arabic instruments and adds his spoken word message about cultural collaboration to the original track \"The Mash of Civilizations.\"",
"The second album from 2012 is called \"Rhythmatiq\".",
"Using samples, tabla, riq, sagat, hand-clapping, and even voice, he builds short songs entirely upon a single Arab rhythm or rhythmatic concept.",
"The tracks incorporate cultural context to the trained ear and are meant to be mixed and matched.",
"The album opens with two of Nagi's complete drum solo, featuring his signature energetic yet clean tabla technique and demonstrating his structured philosophy to drum solo.",
"A chart of all the included rhythms is included in the CD packaging.",
"Dancers from all over the world were invited to work on pieces for the album.",
"As a result of his innovative fusion of the traditional and modern, Karim Nagi's music appeals to and is utilized by a wide range of dance artists.",
"He was nominated in the category of Favorite Musician for being involved in Middle Eastern dance and music in the United States.",
"Karim Nagi is a multi-dimensional performer.",
"His shows are unique and exciting because he integrates his skills as a musician, dancer and DJ.",
"He plays the tabla without being strapped over his shoulder.",
"A well-kept secret is his technique for the tabla strap.",
"He is well known for his ambidextrous approach to playing the Sagat and ability to accompany his own dancing with his musical skill on the instrument.",
"He will sometimes break the group tradition by performing lively solo.",
"While a pioneer in modernizing Arab music, Karim Nagi is also a purist.",
"It is the first love of my life.",
"It is the only style of music that makes me happy.",
"The Riq is the specialty of Karim Nagi.",
"He has been invited to perform with DC-based band Ana Masry and for the Jawaahir Dance Company in Minneapolis, as well as the founder and director of the Sharq Ensemble.",
"Their goal is to preserve and present traditional and classical Arabic vocal and instrumental music.",
"The ensemble performed at Harvard University, MIT, UC Santa Barbara, The Boston Center for the Arts, and many other places.",
"The Boston Camerata and The Sharq Ensemble collaborated on a project in 2005.",
"They traveled to France and Germany.",
"Medieval musical cultures of southern Europe and northern Africa are the basis of the repertoire.",
"The Sharq ensemble sold out their 2005 album Revival: Wasla Hijazkar and Wasla Bayyati at the Boston Christmas Revels in 2011.",
"In order to educate people about the traditional rhythms of the Arab world, Nagi has released albums.",
"The CDs have Rhythms from Around the Arab World and Advanced Rhythms for the Advanced Dancer.",
"Both tabla and riq have been released by him.",
"Although primarily known as a musician, Karim Nagi has also trained in traditional Arab folk dances.",
"He can be seen wearing a Galabeya and using a pair of staves.",
"He is sought after by dancers to teach Arab folk dances, as well as topics that integrate his knowledge of music and dance.",
"Musicality for Dancers, Arabic Maqam and Taqsim, and Survey of Arabic Music for Dance.",
"The Arab Dance Seminar was started in 2005 by a man who was invested in placing Arab dance in its cultural context.",
"The three-day event immerses students in the language, music, social and political context of dances from different parts of the Arab world.",
"native Arabs and non-Arab ethnologists are some of the teachers that the classes are taught by.",
"Every year since its inception, the Arab Dance Seminar has sold out.",
"He has produced an instructional DVD on Arab Folk Dance, which includes lessons in Sufi ritual dance.",
"After 9/11, Karim Nagi became acutely aware of the need for cultural education that humanized and depoliticized Arabs and Arab culture.",
"In order to bring Arabic music and arts closer to children, he created Arabiqa, a program he presents in schools around the country.",
"He has presented his program for adults at conferences.",
"The full-length theatre program based on Arabiqa was performed at the YMCA Theatre in Cambridge, MA.",
"The mission of Arabiqa is \"Language and the arts define Arab and Islamic culture\".",
"Through the universal language of music, Arab culture becomes demystified and humanized.",
"The beauty and authenticity of Arabic music and dance serve as a convincing demonstration of the simultaneous exoticism and familiarity of this ancient culture.",
"The work of connecting the Arab-American diaspora to each other began with the help of Club Passim.",
"He encourages Arabs to preserve and participate in their traditions as a self-employed professional artist.",
"He was invited to be a panelist at the Diwan conference in 2009.",
"His presentation encouraged members of the Arab diaspora to represent themselves in the arts and addressed the prevalence of non-Arabs in Arab dance culture.",
"There are links to other sources on the website Sharq Arabic Music Ensemble Fan site."
] | <mask> is an Egyptian musician, composer, ethnic dance artist, and DJ. He specializes in traditional Arabic music but is widely known for his innovative approach. In total he has released fourteen CDs and six DVDs, and he tours internationally performing and teaching. <mask> has been an invited speaker and master class instructor at Brown University, Princeton University, Yale University, New York University, Boston University, and the University of California Los Angeles, among many others, including international institutions. He has been a featured ethnic dance artist at Jacob's Pillow Dance Festival and a featured music artist at the American Folk Festival in Bangor, ME, in 2004 and Lowell, MA, in 2005. In 2001 <mask> started the program Arabiqa, aimed to educate children and adults alike on Arabic culture through music and arts rather than through religion and politics. He is a member of the New England Foundation for the Arts, through which he is a New England States Touring (NEST) artist.Under the name Turbo Tabla, <mask> <mask> has released four CDs, two of which were distributed internationally by Universal Records. These CDs feature <mask>'s pioneering technique and unique aesthetic in mixing traditional Arabic sounds with Hip Hop, Techno and House. More recently, he has been exploring English language spoken word fused with his signature Arab percussion and electronic remixes. He produces the annual Arab Dance Seminar, now in its fourteenth session, where he invites native and expert instructors to teach dances and culture from around the Arab world over three days every November. He is also the director of the Sharq Ensemble, a group of three to thirteen Arab and American musicians that revives and performs traditional Arabic music. The Ensemble was featured, to wide acclaim, in the Boston Christmas Revels in 2011 and has also performed, toured and released one CD with the Boston Camerata. Biography
Born in Kuwait, <mask> <mask> lived in Egypt until his father received an offer to complete his residency in England.His family then moved to the United States, where his father worked as a radiologist. Music did not become a central point in <mask>'s life until he met composer Christopher Stowens, who encouraged him to play percussion instruments and taught him the basics of computer-driven electronic music. <mask> studied philosophy and psychology at Skidmore College, where he was heavily involved in theatre sound production and played guitar and drums in multiple bands on the side. After his graduation, Karim traveled around India, Turkey, Eastern Europe and Egypt. At the end of his extended travels in 1995, Karim dedicated himself to the study and performance of Arabic music. He studied with Nabil Ata and Midhat al-Rashidi (who performed regularly with Abdel Halim Hafez), Simon Shaheen, Michel Baqlouq (Fairuz ensemble), Dr. Alfred Gamil (Cairo Conservatory of Music) and Mohammed Al-Araby (percussionist for Umm Kulthum and The National Orchestra of Egypt). He focused on Arabic percussion, including the Arabic Tabla (goblet drum), the Riq, and the Sagat (finger cymbals).During the 1990s, <mask> was well known in Boston for his family's boutique on Newbury Street, his participation in fashion shows, and his skills as a DJ. However, after 9/11, <mask> decided to educate people about his culture instead of hiding his identity. His Arabesque Mondays at Club Passim captured Boston's attention. These monthly gatherings aimed to "draw together people interested in traditional [Arabic] music... and educate those who may not be familiar with it." He attracted Boston's attention and revived the Arab music scene in Boston
<mask>'s educative mission then moved from the club scene to the classroom. He taught Arabic music at The New England Conservatory of Music for five years, and has since been invited to lecture and present at schools, colleges, universities, conservatories, museums, and events (such as SXSW) across the United States and internationally. In the course of his work, including frequent invitations to teach workshops for dance and music studios, he has traveled to and taught on every continent (except Antarctica), in more than 20 countries.Tradition re-imagined
<mask> <mask> has recorded four CDs under the moniker of Turbo Tabla: Arabic Music Re-Imagined (2003), Bellydance Overdrive (2004), The Belly and the Beat (2006), and Unregulated (2010). Two were released by The Miles Copeland Group (Sting, R.E.M., Hakim, Bellydance Superstars, Oojami) and are distributed internationally by Universal Records. All include tracks originally composed or arranged by <mask>. They exemplify <mask>'s principle "tradition re-imagined" - fusing traditional songs, rhythms and sounds from the Arab world with hip-hop, techno and house music. In 2012 <mask> <mask> released two albums under "<mask> Nagi," which further developed his philosophy of innovation within tradition. In the first, "Arabized," <mask> tackles the concept of Westernization. He reworks recognizable songs from non-Arabic traditions (including American, Chinese, Mexican, Indian, and European), using Arabic instruments and rhythm, i.e."Arabizing" them. He also makes his first extended foray into vocals on the original track "The Mash of Civilizations," in which he samples several recognizable non-Arab tunes and themes, combines them with Arabic instruments and overlays his spoken word message about cultural collaboration. "Rhythmatiq," the second album from 2012, showcases <mask>'s expertise in Arab rhythms. Utilizing samples, tabla, riq, sagat, hand-clapping, and even voice (at times reminiscent of bol (music)), he builds short songs entirely upon a single Arab rhythm or rhythmatic concept. The tracks incorporate cultural context audible to the trained ear and are meant to be mixed and matched, enabling listeners and performers to create their own drum solos. The album opens and closes with two of <mask> <mask>'s complete drum solos, featuring his signature energetic yet clean tabla technique and demonstrating his structured philosophy to drum solos. Furthermore, the CD packaging includes a chart of all the included rhythms and more, making the album a teaching tool as well.After the release of the album, <mask> invited dancers from around the world (all students of his) to choreograph individual pieces. As a result of his innovative fusion of the traditional and modern, <mask> <mask>'s music appeals to and is utilized by a wide range of dance artists, from tribal fusion artists like Jill Parker to more traditional Raqs Sharqi artists, like Bozenka. In 2008 he was nominated for the Zaghareet Awards (for those involved in Middle Eastern dance and music in the United States) in the Category of Favorite Musician. Multi-dimensional performer
<mask> <mask> is widely known for his vibrant and energetic performances. He integrates his skills as musician, dancer and DJ to make his shows unique and exciting. His signature Turbo Tabla performances involve energetic dancing while playing the tabla, untraditionally strapped over his shoulder. His technique for the tabla strap developed in the context of teaching Dabka and is a well-kept secret.He is also well known for his ambidextrous approach to playing the Sagat and ability to accompany his own dancing with his musical skill on the instrument. In addition, he will sometimes break the group tradition of Dabka by performing lively solos. Musician
While a pioneer in modernizing Arab music, <mask> <mask> is also a purist: "Old-Style tradition Arabic music still crushes my soul. It is my first love. It is the only style of music that consistently blisses me." Although adept at multiple instruments, <mask> <mask>'s specialty is the Riq. He is sought after for his musicality and intuitive accompaniment skill on the riq, regularly being invited to perform with DC-based band Ana Masry and for the Jawaahir Dance Company in Minneapolis
He is also the founder and director of the Sharq Ensemble.Their mission: To preserve and present traditional and classical Arabic vocal and instrumental music. The ensemble has performed at Harvard University, MIT, UC Santa Barbara, The Boston Center for the Arts, Brooklyn Museum of Art, among many others. In 2005, The Sharq Ensemble joined the Boston Camerata on the project A Mediterranean Christmas. They released an album and toured France and Germany. The repertoire is based on medieval musical cultures of southern Europe and northern Africa, between 1200-1900. The Sharq Ensemble formed an integral part of the Boston Christmas Revels in 2011, where they sold out their 2005 album REVIVAL: Wasla Hijazkar and Wasla Bayyati (still available electronically). Given his expertise in Arab rhythms, <mask> <mask> has also released albums aimed at educating listeners about the traditional rhythms found in the Arab world.These CDs include Rhythms from Around the Arab World and Advanced Rhythms for the Advanced Dancer. He has also released instructional DVDs for both tabla and riq. Dancer
Although primarily known as a musician, <mask> <mask> has also trained in traditional Arab folk dances, specifically Dabka and Saidi Raqs al assaya (martial arts-based staff dance from Upper Egypt). He can frequently be seen performing the latter, dressed traditionally in a Galabeya and utilizing a pair of staves. He is widely sought after by dancers to teach Arab folk dances, as well as topics that integrate his knowledge of music and dance, e.g. Musicality for Dancers, Live Drum Solo, Arabic Maqam and Taqsim, and Survey of Arabic Music for Dance. Deeply invested in placing Arab dance in its cultural context, <mask> began producing the Arab Dance Seminar in 2005.This three-day event immerses students in the language, music, social and political context of dances from different parts of the Arab world. The classes are taught by <mask> <mask> and teachers whom he personally selects, including native Arabs and non-Arab ethnologists. The Arab Dance Seminar has sold out every year since its inception. He has also produced an instructional DVD on Arab Folk Dance, which includes lessons in Dabka, Saidi Raqs al assaya (based on Tahtib), Khaleeji, and Sufi ritual dance. Outreach to non-Arabs
After 9/11 <mask> <mask> became acutely aware of the need for cultural education that humanized and depoliticized Arabs and Arab culture. He created Arabiqa, a program he presents in schools around the country in order to bring Arabic music and arts closer to children. He has also presented his Arabiqa program for adults at conferences in Colleges, Universities, Conservatories, and Music events.In 2013 he produced a full-length theatre program based on Arabiqa, which he performed at the YMCA Theatre in Cambridge, MA. <mask> <mask> explains the mission of Arabiqa: "Language and the arts define Arab and Islamic culture. By learning about these unifying themes, one can understand this culture with much more depth and authenticity...My agenda is to demonstrate the depth of Arab art as exemplified in music and dance... Arab culture, through the universal language of music, becomes demystified and humanized. The beauty and authenticity of Arabic music and dance serve as a convincing demonstration of the simultaneous exoticism and familiarity of this ancient culture". Outreach to the Arab diaspora
With Club Passim in Cambridge, <mask> <mask> began the work of connecting the Arab-American diaspora to each other as well as to their traditional culture. As a self-employed professional artist, he encourages Arabs to preserve and participate in the presentation of their traditions. In 2009 he was invited as a panelist at the Diwan conference at the Arab American National Museum in Dearborn, Michigan.His presentation, titled Lauren of Arabia addressed the prevalence of non-Arabs in Arab dance culture and encouraged members of the Arab diaspora to represent themselves in the arts. References
Other sources
External links
Turbo Tabla Website
Sharq Arabic Music Ensemble
Fan site for <mask> <mask>
Atlanta Oasis: Interview with <mask> <mask>
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Egyptian musicians | [
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] | He is an Egyptian musician, composer, ethnic dance artist, and DJ. He is known for his innovative approach to music. He has released fourteen CDs and six DVDs. An invited speaker and master class instructor at many institutions, including Brown University, the University of California Los Angeles, and New York University, among others. In 2004, he was a featured ethnic dance artist at Jacob's Pillow Dance Festival and in 2005, he was a featured music artist at the American Folk Festival in Bangor, ME. The program Arabiqa was started in 2001 to educate children and adults alike on Arabic culture through music and arts rather than through religion and politics. He is an NEST artist and a member of the New England Foundation for the Arts.Two of the four CDs released under the name "Turbo Tabla" were distributed internationally by Universal Records. There is a unique aesthetic in mixing traditional Arabic sounds with Hip Hop, Techno and House on these CDs. He has been experimenting with English language spoken word fused with his signature Arab percussion and electronic remixes. The annual Arab Dance Seminar is an event where native and expert instructors teach dances and culture from around the Arab world over three days in November. The Sharq ensemble is a group of three to thirteen Arab and American musicians that revives and performs traditional Arabic music. The ensemble has toured and released a CD with the Boston Camerata, as well as being featured in the Boston Christmas Revels in 2011. After his father received an offer to complete his residency in England, <mask> <mask> moved to Egypt.His father worked as a radiologist in the United States. After Christopher Stowens encouraged him to play percussion instruments and teach him the basics of computer-driven electronic music, music became a central point in his life. At Skidmore College, where he studied philosophy and psychology, he was heavily involved in theatre sound production and played guitar and drums in multiple bands on the side. He traveled around India, Turkey, Eastern Europe and Egypt. He dedicated himself to the study and performance of Arabic music at the end of his travels in 1995. He studied with many musicians, including Abdel Halim Hafez and Midhat al-Rashidi. Arabic percussion included the Arabic Tabla, the Riq, and the Sagat.During the 1990s, he was well known in Boston for his skills as a DJ and his participation in fashion shows. After 9/11, <mask> decided to educate people about his culture instead of hiding his identity. Boston was interested in his Arabesque Mondays at Club Passim. The gatherings draw together people interested in traditional Arabic music and educate those who are not familiar with it. After attracting Boston's attention, he moved from the club scene to the classroom. He taught Arabic music at The New England Conservatory of Music for five years, and has since been invited to lecture and present at schools, colleges, universities, conservatories, museums, and events across the United States and internationally. He has traveled to and taught in more than 20 countries in the course of his work, including frequent invitations to teach workshops for dance and music studios.Four CDs have been recorded under the name of "Turbo Tabla: Arabic Music Re-Imagined", "The Belly and the Beat", and "Unregulated". The two released by The Miles Copeland Group were distributed internationally by Universal Records. Tracks originally composed or arranged by Nagi are included. They combine traditional songs, rhythms and sounds from the Arab world with hip-hop, techno and house music. The philosophy of innovation within tradition was further developed by the release of two albums under the name "<mask> Nagi." "Arabized" deals with the concept of Westernization. He uses Arabic instruments and rhythm to change recognizable songs from non-Arabic traditions.They were "Arabizing" them. He samples several recognizable non-Arab tunes and themes, combines them with Arabic instruments and adds his spoken word message about cultural collaboration to the original track "The Mash of Civilizations." The second album from 2012 is called "Rhythmatiq". Using samples, tabla, riq, sagat, hand-clapping, and even voice, he builds short songs entirely upon a single Arab rhythm or rhythmatic concept. The tracks incorporate cultural context to the trained ear and are meant to be mixed and matched. The album opens with two of Nagi's complete drum solo, featuring his signature energetic yet clean tabla technique and demonstrating his structured philosophy to drum solo. A chart of all the included rhythms is included in the CD packaging.Dancers from all over the world were invited to work on pieces for the album. As a result of his innovative fusion of the traditional and modern, <mask> <mask>'s music appeals to and is utilized by a wide range of dance artists. He was nominated in the category of Favorite Musician for being involved in Middle Eastern dance and music in the United States. <mask> <mask> is a multi-dimensional performer. His shows are unique and exciting because he integrates his skills as a musician, dancer and DJ. He plays the tabla without being strapped over his shoulder. A well-kept secret is his technique for the tabla strap.He is well known for his ambidextrous approach to playing the Sagat and ability to accompany his own dancing with his musical skill on the instrument. He will sometimes break the group tradition by performing lively solo. While a pioneer in modernizing Arab music, <mask> <mask> is also a purist. It is the first love of my life. It is the only style of music that makes me happy. The Riq is the specialty of <mask> <mask>. He has been invited to perform with DC-based band Ana Masry and for the Jawaahir Dance Company in Minneapolis, as well as the founder and director of the Sharq Ensemble.Their goal is to preserve and present traditional and classical Arabic vocal and instrumental music. The ensemble performed at Harvard University, MIT, UC Santa Barbara, The Boston Center for the Arts, and many other places. The Boston Camerata and The Sharq Ensemble collaborated on a project in 2005. They traveled to France and Germany. Medieval musical cultures of southern Europe and northern Africa are the basis of the repertoire. The Sharq ensemble sold out their 2005 album Revival: Wasla Hijazkar and Wasla Bayyati at the Boston Christmas Revels in 2011. In order to educate people about the traditional rhythms of the Arab world, Nagi has released albums.The CDs have Rhythms from Around the Arab World and Advanced Rhythms for the Advanced Dancer. Both tabla and riq have been released by him. Although primarily known as a musician, <mask> <mask> has also trained in traditional Arab folk dances. He can be seen wearing a Galabeya and using a pair of staves. He is sought after by dancers to teach Arab folk dances, as well as topics that integrate his knowledge of music and dance. Musicality for Dancers, Arabic Maqam and Taqsim, and Survey of Arabic Music for Dance. The Arab Dance Seminar was started in 2005 by a man who was invested in placing Arab dance in its cultural context.The three-day event immerses students in the language, music, social and political context of dances from different parts of the Arab world. native Arabs and non-Arab ethnologists are some of the teachers that the classes are taught by. Every year since its inception, the Arab Dance Seminar has sold out. He has produced an instructional DVD on Arab Folk Dance, which includes lessons in Sufi ritual dance. After 9/11, <mask> <mask> became acutely aware of the need for cultural education that humanized and depoliticized Arabs and Arab culture. In order to bring Arabic music and arts closer to children, he created Arabiqa, a program he presents in schools around the country. He has presented his program for adults at conferences.The full-length theatre program based on Arabiqa was performed at the YMCA Theatre in Cambridge, MA. The mission of Arabiqa is "Language and the arts define Arab and Islamic culture". Through the universal language of music, Arab culture becomes demystified and humanized. The beauty and authenticity of Arabic music and dance serve as a convincing demonstration of the simultaneous exoticism and familiarity of this ancient culture. The work of connecting the Arab-American diaspora to each other began with the help of Club Passim. He encourages Arabs to preserve and participate in their traditions as a self-employed professional artist. He was invited to be a panelist at the Diwan conference in 2009.His presentation encouraged members of the Arab diaspora to represent themselves in the arts and addressed the prevalence of non-Arabs in Arab dance culture. There are links to other sources on the website Sharq Arabic Music Ensemble Fan site. | [
"Karim",
"Nagi",
"Karim",
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"Karim",
"Nagi",
"Karim",
"Nagi",
"Karim",
"Nagi",
"Karim",
"Nagi",
"Karim",
"Nagi",
"Karim",
"Nagi"
] |
532872 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryant%20Gumbel | Bryant Gumbel | Bryant Charles Gumbel (born September 29, 1948) is an American television journalist and sportscaster, best known for his 15 years as co-host of NBC's Today. He is the younger brother of sportscaster Greg Gumbel. Since 1995, he has hosted HBO's acclaimed investigative series Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel, which has been rated as "flat out TV's best sports program" by the Los Angeles Times. It won a Peabody Award in 2012.
Gumbel was hired by NBC Sports in the fall of 1975 as co-host of its National Football League pre-game show GrandStand with Jack Buck. From 1975 until January 1982 (when he left to do The Today Show), he hosted numerous sporting events for NBC including Major League Baseball, college basketball and the National Football League. He returned to sportscasting for NBC when he hosted the prime time coverage of the 1988 Summer Olympics from Seoul and the PGA Tour in 1990.
NBC News made Gumbel the principal anchor of Today beginning September 27, 1982, and broadcast from Vietnam, Vatican City, Europe, South America, and much of the United States followed between 1984 and 1989. Gumbel's work on Today earned him several Emmys and a large fanbase. He is the third longest serving co-host of Today, after former hosts Matt Lauer and Katie Couric. He stepped down from the show on January 3, 1997, after 15 years.
Gumbel moved to CBS, where he hosted various shows before becoming co-host of the network's morning show The Early Show on November 1, 1999. Gumbel was hosting The Early Show on the morning of September 11, 2001. He was the first to announce the September 11 attacks to CBS viewers. Gumbel left CBS and The Early Show on May 17, 2002.
Early life and education
Gumbel was born in New Orleans. He is the son of Rhea Alice (née LeCesne), a city clerk, and Richard Dunbar Gumbel, a judge. His surname originates with his great-great-grandfather, who was a German-Jewish emigrant from the village of Albisheim. Raised Catholic, he attended and graduated from De La Salle Institute in Chicago, while growing up on the South Side of the city; his family had moved north when he was a child. He graduated from Bates College in 1970 with a degree in Russian history.
Career
In 1971, he became editor of Black Sports Magazine, leaving the following year. He began his television career in October 1972, when he was made a sportscaster for KNBC-TV in Los Angeles.
NBC
NBC Sports
Already a local evening news sports anchor for KNBC, in Los Angeles, Gumbel was hired by NBC Sports in the fall of 1975 as co-host of its National Football League pre-game show GrandStand with Jack Buck. From 1975 until January 1982 (when he left to do The Today Show), he hosted numerous sporting events for NBC including Major League Baseball, college basketball and the National Football League. He returned to sportscasting for NBC when he hosted the prime time coverage of the 1988 Summer Olympics from Seoul and the PGA Tour in 1990.
One of Gumbel's more memorable moments during his time at NBC Sports occurred when he was on-site for the "Epic in Miami" NFL playoff game between the San Diego Chargers and Miami Dolphins. At the end of the game, he told the viewers, "If you didn't like this football game then you don't like football!" This would be one of his final assignments for NBC Sports, as he began co-hosting Today two days later.
Today
Gumbel began his affiliation with Today as the program's chief sports reporter contributing twice-weekly features to the program, including a regular series entitled "Sportsman of the Week," featuring up-and-coming athletes. In June 1981, NBC announced that Tom Brokaw would depart Today to anchor the NBC Nightly News with Roger Mudd beginning in the spring of 1982. The search for Brokaw's replacement was on, and the initial candidates were all NBC News correspondents, including John Palmer, Chris Wallace, Bob Kur, Bob Jamieson, and Jessica Savitch. The candidates auditioned for Brokaw's job throughout the summer of 1981 when he was on vacation. Gumbel became a candidate for the job just by chance when he served as a last-minute substitute for Today co-anchor Jane Pauley in August 1981. He so impressed executive producer Steve Friedman and other NBC executives that he quickly became a top contender for the Today anchor position.
While Friedman and other NBC executives favored Gumbel as Brokaw's replacement, another contingent within the NBC News division felt strongly that he should be replaced by a fellow news correspondent, not a sports reporter. Wallace was the favored candidate of then-NBC News president Bill Small. NBC News decided to split the difference, selecting Gumbel as the program's anchor and Wallace as the Washington-based anchor. Pauley would remain co-anchor in New York. Brokaw signed off of Today on December 18, 1981, and Gumbel replaced him on January 4, 1982.
The Gumbel–Pauley–Wallace arrangement, known internally as the "Mod Squad", lasted only nine months. It was an arrangement that proved intriguing on paper but unwieldy on television. Gumbel served as the show's traffic cop, opening and closing the program and conducting New York-based interviews, but Pauley and Wallace handled newsreading duties, and Wallace conducted all Washington-based hard news interviews. With ABC's Good Morning America in first place and expanding its lead, NBC News made Gumbel the principal anchor of Today beginning September 27, 1982, with Pauley as his co-anchor. Wallace became the chief White House correspondent covering President Ronald Reagan, and John Palmer, previously a White House correspondent, became Today'''s New York-based news anchor.
Gumbel and Pauley had a challenging first two years together as Today anchors as they sought to find a rhythm as a team. Good Morning America solidified its lead over Today in the ratings during the summer of 1983, and Pauley's departure for maternity leave sent Today into a ratings tailspin. But when she returned in February 1984, they began to work well together as a team. NBC took Today on the road in the fall of '84, sending Gumbel to the Soviet Union for an unprecedented series of live broadcasts from Moscow. He won plaudits for his performance, erasing any doubts about his hard-news capabilities. That trip began a whirlwind period of travel for Today. Remote broadcasts from Vietnam, Vatican City, Europe, South America, and much of the United States followed between 1984 and 1989. Today began to regain its old ratings dominance against Good Morning America throughout 1985, and by early 1986, the NBC program was once again atop the ratings.
In 1989, Gumbel, who was already known for his strong management style as Today anchor, wrote a memo to the executive producer Marty Ryan, on Ryan's request, critiquing the program and identifying its shortcomings. Many of his criticisms were directed at fellow Today staffers. It was leaked to the press. In the memo, Gumbel commented that Willard Scott "holds the show hostage to his assortment of whims, wishes, birthdays and bad taste ... this guy is killing us and no one's even trying to rein him in". He commented that Gene Shalit's movie reviews "are often late and his interviews aren't very good."
There was enough negative backlash in regard to Gumbel's comments toward Scott that he was shown making up with Scott on Today.
Following Pauley's departure from Today in December 1989, Gumbel was joined by Deborah Norville in a short-lived partnership that lasted just over a year. Today dropped to second place in the ratings during this period as a result of intensely negative publicity surrounding Norville's replacement of Pauley, and Gumbel's feud with Scott. Norville was replaced by Katie Couric in April 1991, and the Gumbel-Couric team helped refocus Today as the morning news program on public affairs during the 1992 presidential campaign. The program returned to first place in the ratings in December 1995.
Gumbel's work on Today earned him several Emmys and a large group of fans. He is the third longest serving co-host of Today, after Matt Lauer and Couric. He stepped down from the show on January 3, 1997, after 15 years.
Since his departure, Gumbel has made occasional appearances on Today. He appeared for the show's 60th anniversary and hosted with Lauer and Pauley on December 30, 2013.
CBS
Public Eye with Bryant Gumbel
After 15 years on Today, Gumbel moved to CBS to host a new prime time news-magazine called Public Eye with Bryant Gumbel during the 1997–1998 television season. The episode "The Reckoning" won a Peabody Award in 1998. It lasted just one season before being cancelled. It aired on Wednesday nights at 9pm ET before moving to Tuesdays at 9pm ET.Richard Huff, "With 'eye' toward ratings, CBS replaces Gumbel exec", New York Daily News, February 6, 1998.
The Early Show
After leaving the Today and Dateline NBC in 1997, Gumbel moved to CBS, where he hosted various shows before becoming co-host of the network's morning show The Early Show on November 1, 1999. Gumbel left The Early Show (and CBS that same year) on May 17, 2002. Gumbel was hosting The Early Show on the morning of September 11, 2001. He was the first to announce the September 11 attacks to CBS viewers.
In the spring and summer of 2010, he served as a special guest moderator of ABC's The View for multiple days.
Boy Scouts Incident
A CBS camera caught a disgusted Gumbel blurting out "What a f-ing idiot" just after he had finished a hostile interview with Robert Knight of the Family Research Council (FRC). The incident occurred at about 7:15 a.m. ET on Thursday, June 29, 2000, following Knight's appearance to defend the Boy Scout policy of excluding gays from being leaders. The Media Research Center reported that he uttered those words; Gumbel openly admitted to saying so when guest-hosting a June 2007 episode of Live with Regis and Kelly.
Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel
Gumbel has concentrated most of his energy recently on his duties as host of HBO's acclaimed investigative series Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel (a show that he has hosted since 1995). HBO's web page claims that Real Sports has been described as "flat out—TV's best sports program" by the Los Angeles Times. It won a Peabody Award in 2012.
Notable remarks
In February 2006, Gumbel made remarks that some viewed as "reverse racism" regarding the Winter Olympics and the lack of African-American participation, and others considered important sports journalism commentary.
On the August 15, 2006, episode of Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel, Gumbel made the following remarks about former NFL commissioner Paul Tagliabue and Players' Union president Gene Upshaw and directed these comments to new commissioner Roger Goodell:
In response, Tagliabue said:
On the October 18, 2011, Gumbel evoked slavery in his criticism of NBA Commissioner David Stern over the league's lockout.
In a Rolling Stone article dated January 20, 2015, Gumbel said: "There are a few things I hate more than the (National Rifle Association). I mean truly. I think they're pigs. I think they don't care about human life. I think they are a curse upon the American landscape. So we got that on the record."
The Weather Man
Gumbel made a cameo appearance alongside Nicolas Cage and Michael Caine in The Weather Man, a film directed by Gore Verbinski. In it, he cohosts a morning show entitled Hello America, for which Cage's character, a depressed weatherman, auditions.
Seinfeld
Gumbel made a cameo appearance on the NBC sitcom Seinfeld during which he interviewed Jerry Seinfeld on Today while Jerry was wearing the puffy pirate shirt in the episode "The Puffy Shirt".
The Nanny
Gumbel made a cameo appearance on the sitcom The Nanny during which he gives Fran Fine an audition for a job in television in the episode "Fair Weather Fran".
NFL Network
In April 2006, NFL Network announced that Gumbel, along with Cris Collinsworth and Dick Vermeil, would comment on its new package of NFL games. Unlike his brother Greg, he had never called play-by-play for live sporting events in his career.Sports Media Watch presents the ten worst personnel moves of the 2000s. #6: Bryant Gumbel calls NFL games (2006–08, NFL Network) Before his first game commentary for the network, his status was brought into question after he stirred up controversy in his closing remarks on his HBO program on August 15, 2006, in which he criticized NFL Players Association head Gene Upshaw and outgoing NFL Commissioner Paul Tagliabue. He would later reconcile with the NFL and retained his play-by-play job with the NFL Network. On December 29, 2007, he had a reunion of sorts as he called the Patriots-Giants game on the NFL Network, CBS, and NBC. This is the first three-network simulcast NFL game and, coincidentally, he has worked for all three networks during his career. He also had a strong affiliation with NFL films.
Gumbel's performance was the subject of criticism over his entire run because of his voice and a perceived lack of knowledge about the game. Gumbel stepped down as play-by-play announcer in April 2008, prior to the 2008 NFL season. He would be replaced on the NFL Network telecasts by Bob Papa.
Personal life
Gumbel raised two children with his wife, June, in semi-rural Waccabuc, north of New York City. In 2001, he divorced her to marry Hilary Quinlan. Around 2002, he shed 55 pounds of weight in seven months after he stepped on the scale to find out he was 240 pounds. In October 2009, he had surgery to remove a malignant tumor near one of his lungs.
Awards
4 Emmy Awards
Frederick D. Patterson Award from the United Negro College Fund
Martin Luther King Award from the Congress of Racial Equality
Three NAACP Image Awards
Edward R. Murrow Award for Outstanding Foreign Affairs work from the Overseas Press Club, September 1984
Edward Weintal Prize for diplomatic reporting
Peabody Award for his reporting in Vietnam
International Journalism Award from TransAfrica
Africa's Future Award from the U.S. Committee for UNICEF
Leadership Award from the African-American Institute
Best Morning TV News Interviewer, the Washington Journalism Review, 1986
National Association of Black Journalists, Journalist of the Year Award, 1993
Trumpet Award of the Turner Broadcasting System, Inc.
Alfred I. duPont-Columbia University Award for outstanding broadcast journalism for Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel'' (HBO), December 2005
References
External links
"Is Bryant Gumbel a Racist?" – Howard Bloom's Sports Business News.com SBN's look at Bryant Gumbel
-the tiger woods of TV
on IMDB
American television reporters and correspondents
American television sports announcers
1948 births
Living people
African-American journalists
African-American Catholics
African-American television hosts
African-American television personalities
American people of German-Jewish descent
American television hosts
American male journalists
Bates College alumni
CBS News people
Catholics from Louisiana
College basketball announcers in the United States
College football announcers
De La Salle Institute alumni
Sports Emmy Award winners
Olympic Games broadcasters
Golf writers and broadcasters
Television anchors from Los Angeles
Major League Baseball broadcasters
National Football League announcers
People from Chicago
People from New Orleans
People from Waccabuc, New York
20th-century American journalists
21st-century American journalists
60 Minutes correspondents
20th-century African-American people
21st-century African-American people | [
"Bryant Charles Gumbel (born September 29, 1948) is an American television journalist and sportscaster, best known for his 15 years as co-host of NBC's Today.",
"He is the younger brother of sportscaster Greg Gumbel.",
"Since 1995, he has hosted HBO's acclaimed investigative series Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel, which has been rated as \"flat out TV's best sports program\" by the Los Angeles Times.",
"It won a Peabody Award in 2012.",
"Gumbel was hired by NBC Sports in the fall of 1975 as co-host of its National Football League pre-game show GrandStand with Jack Buck.",
"From 1975 until January 1982 (when he left to do The Today Show), he hosted numerous sporting events for NBC including Major League Baseball, college basketball and the National Football League.",
"He returned to sportscasting for NBC when he hosted the prime time coverage of the 1988 Summer Olympics from Seoul and the PGA Tour in 1990.",
"NBC News made Gumbel the principal anchor of Today beginning September 27, 1982, and broadcast from Vietnam, Vatican City, Europe, South America, and much of the United States followed between 1984 and 1989.",
"Gumbel's work on Today earned him several Emmys and a large fanbase.",
"He is the third longest serving co-host of Today, after former hosts Matt Lauer and Katie Couric.",
"He stepped down from the show on January 3, 1997, after 15 years.",
"Gumbel moved to CBS, where he hosted various shows before becoming co-host of the network's morning show The Early Show on November 1, 1999.",
"Gumbel was hosting The Early Show on the morning of September 11, 2001.",
"He was the first to announce the September 11 attacks to CBS viewers.",
"Gumbel left CBS and The Early Show on May 17, 2002.",
"Early life and education\n\nGumbel was born in New Orleans.",
"He is the son of Rhea Alice (née LeCesne), a city clerk, and Richard Dunbar Gumbel, a judge.",
"His surname originates with his great-great-grandfather, who was a German-Jewish emigrant from the village of Albisheim.",
"Raised Catholic, he attended and graduated from De La Salle Institute in Chicago, while growing up on the South Side of the city; his family had moved north when he was a child.",
"He graduated from Bates College in 1970 with a degree in Russian history.",
"Career \nIn 1971, he became editor of Black Sports Magazine, leaving the following year.",
"He began his television career in October 1972, when he was made a sportscaster for KNBC-TV in Los Angeles.",
"NBC\n\nNBC Sports \nAlready a local evening news sports anchor for KNBC, in Los Angeles, Gumbel was hired by NBC Sports in the fall of 1975 as co-host of its National Football League pre-game show GrandStand with Jack Buck.",
"From 1975 until January 1982 (when he left to do The Today Show), he hosted numerous sporting events for NBC including Major League Baseball, college basketball and the National Football League.",
"He returned to sportscasting for NBC when he hosted the prime time coverage of the 1988 Summer Olympics from Seoul and the PGA Tour in 1990.",
"One of Gumbel's more memorable moments during his time at NBC Sports occurred when he was on-site for the \"Epic in Miami\" NFL playoff game between the San Diego Chargers and Miami Dolphins.",
"At the end of the game, he told the viewers, \"If you didn't like this football game then you don't like football!\"",
"This would be one of his final assignments for NBC Sports, as he began co-hosting Today two days later.",
"Today \nGumbel began his affiliation with Today as the program's chief sports reporter contributing twice-weekly features to the program, including a regular series entitled \"Sportsman of the Week,\" featuring up-and-coming athletes.",
"In June 1981, NBC announced that Tom Brokaw would depart Today to anchor the NBC Nightly News with Roger Mudd beginning in the spring of 1982.",
"The search for Brokaw's replacement was on, and the initial candidates were all NBC News correspondents, including John Palmer, Chris Wallace, Bob Kur, Bob Jamieson, and Jessica Savitch.",
"The candidates auditioned for Brokaw's job throughout the summer of 1981 when he was on vacation.",
"Gumbel became a candidate for the job just by chance when he served as a last-minute substitute for Today co-anchor Jane Pauley in August 1981.",
"He so impressed executive producer Steve Friedman and other NBC executives that he quickly became a top contender for the Today anchor position.",
"While Friedman and other NBC executives favored Gumbel as Brokaw's replacement, another contingent within the NBC News division felt strongly that he should be replaced by a fellow news correspondent, not a sports reporter.",
"Wallace was the favored candidate of then-NBC News president Bill Small.",
"NBC News decided to split the difference, selecting Gumbel as the program's anchor and Wallace as the Washington-based anchor.",
"Pauley would remain co-anchor in New York.",
"Brokaw signed off of Today on December 18, 1981, and Gumbel replaced him on January 4, 1982.",
"The Gumbel–Pauley–Wallace arrangement, known internally as the \"Mod Squad\", lasted only nine months.",
"It was an arrangement that proved intriguing on paper but unwieldy on television.",
"Gumbel served as the show's traffic cop, opening and closing the program and conducting New York-based interviews, but Pauley and Wallace handled newsreading duties, and Wallace conducted all Washington-based hard news interviews.",
"With ABC's Good Morning America in first place and expanding its lead, NBC News made Gumbel the principal anchor of Today beginning September 27, 1982, with Pauley as his co-anchor.",
"Wallace became the chief White House correspondent covering President Ronald Reagan, and John Palmer, previously a White House correspondent, became Today'''s New York-based news anchor.",
"Gumbel and Pauley had a challenging first two years together as Today anchors as they sought to find a rhythm as a team.",
"Good Morning America solidified its lead over Today in the ratings during the summer of 1983, and Pauley's departure for maternity leave sent Today into a ratings tailspin.",
"But when she returned in February 1984, they began to work well together as a team.",
"NBC took Today on the road in the fall of '84, sending Gumbel to the Soviet Union for an unprecedented series of live broadcasts from Moscow.",
"He won plaudits for his performance, erasing any doubts about his hard-news capabilities.",
"That trip began a whirlwind period of travel for Today.",
"Remote broadcasts from Vietnam, Vatican City, Europe, South America, and much of the United States followed between 1984 and 1989.",
"Today began to regain its old ratings dominance against Good Morning America throughout 1985, and by early 1986, the NBC program was once again atop the ratings.",
"In 1989, Gumbel, who was already known for his strong management style as Today anchor, wrote a memo to the executive producer Marty Ryan, on Ryan's request, critiquing the program and identifying its shortcomings.",
"Many of his criticisms were directed at fellow Today staffers.",
"It was leaked to the press.",
"In the memo, Gumbel commented that Willard Scott \"holds the show hostage to his assortment of whims, wishes, birthdays and bad taste ... this guy is killing us and no one's even trying to rein him in\".",
"He commented that Gene Shalit's movie reviews \"are often late and his interviews aren't very good.\"",
"There was enough negative backlash in regard to Gumbel's comments toward Scott that he was shown making up with Scott on Today.",
"Following Pauley's departure from Today in December 1989, Gumbel was joined by Deborah Norville in a short-lived partnership that lasted just over a year.",
"Today dropped to second place in the ratings during this period as a result of intensely negative publicity surrounding Norville's replacement of Pauley, and Gumbel's feud with Scott.",
"Norville was replaced by Katie Couric in April 1991, and the Gumbel-Couric team helped refocus Today as the morning news program on public affairs during the 1992 presidential campaign.",
"The program returned to first place in the ratings in December 1995.",
"Gumbel's work on Today earned him several Emmys and a large group of fans.",
"He is the third longest serving co-host of Today, after Matt Lauer and Couric.",
"He stepped down from the show on January 3, 1997, after 15 years.",
"Since his departure, Gumbel has made occasional appearances on Today.",
"He appeared for the show's 60th anniversary and hosted with Lauer and Pauley on December 30, 2013.",
"CBS \n Public Eye with Bryant Gumbel \nAfter 15 years on Today, Gumbel moved to CBS to host a new prime time news-magazine called Public Eye with Bryant Gumbel during the 1997–1998 television season.",
"The episode \"The Reckoning\" won a Peabody Award in 1998.",
"It lasted just one season before being cancelled.",
"It aired on Wednesday nights at 9pm ET before moving to Tuesdays at 9pm ET.Richard Huff, \"With 'eye' toward ratings, CBS replaces Gumbel exec\", New York Daily News, February 6, 1998.",
"The Early Show \nAfter leaving the Today and Dateline NBC in 1997, Gumbel moved to CBS, where he hosted various shows before becoming co-host of the network's morning show The Early Show on November 1, 1999.",
"Gumbel left The Early Show (and CBS that same year) on May 17, 2002.",
"Gumbel was hosting The Early Show on the morning of September 11, 2001.",
"He was the first to announce the September 11 attacks to CBS viewers.",
"In the spring and summer of 2010, he served as a special guest moderator of ABC's The View for multiple days.",
"Boy Scouts Incident \nA CBS camera caught a disgusted Gumbel blurting out \"What a f-ing idiot\" just after he had finished a hostile interview with Robert Knight of the Family Research Council (FRC).",
"The incident occurred at about 7:15 a.m.",
"ET on Thursday, June 29, 2000, following Knight's appearance to defend the Boy Scout policy of excluding gays from being leaders.",
"The Media Research Center reported that he uttered those words; Gumbel openly admitted to saying so when guest-hosting a June 2007 episode of Live with Regis and Kelly.",
"Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel \nGumbel has concentrated most of his energy recently on his duties as host of HBO's acclaimed investigative series Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel (a show that he has hosted since 1995).",
"HBO's web page claims that Real Sports has been described as \"flat out—TV's best sports program\" by the Los Angeles Times.",
"It won a Peabody Award in 2012.\n\n Notable remarks \nIn February 2006, Gumbel made remarks that some viewed as \"reverse racism\" regarding the Winter Olympics and the lack of African-American participation, and others considered important sports journalism commentary.",
"On the August 15, 2006, episode of Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel, Gumbel made the following remarks about former NFL commissioner Paul Tagliabue and Players' Union president Gene Upshaw and directed these comments to new commissioner Roger Goodell:\n\nIn response, Tagliabue said:\n\nOn the October 18, 2011, Gumbel evoked slavery in his criticism of NBA Commissioner David Stern over the league's lockout.",
"In a Rolling Stone article dated January 20, 2015, Gumbel said: \"There are a few things I hate more than the (National Rifle Association).",
"I mean truly.",
"I think they're pigs.",
"I think they don't care about human life.",
"I think they are a curse upon the American landscape.",
"So we got that on the record.\"",
"The Weather Man \nGumbel made a cameo appearance alongside Nicolas Cage and Michael Caine in The Weather Man, a film directed by Gore Verbinski.",
"In it, he cohosts a morning show entitled Hello America, for which Cage's character, a depressed weatherman, auditions.",
"Seinfeld \nGumbel made a cameo appearance on the NBC sitcom Seinfeld during which he interviewed Jerry Seinfeld on Today while Jerry was wearing the puffy pirate shirt in the episode \"The Puffy Shirt\".",
"The Nanny \nGumbel made a cameo appearance on the sitcom The Nanny during which he gives Fran Fine an audition for a job in television in the episode \"Fair Weather Fran\".",
"NFL Network \n\nIn April 2006, NFL Network announced that Gumbel, along with Cris Collinsworth and Dick Vermeil, would comment on its new package of NFL games.",
"Unlike his brother Greg, he had never called play-by-play for live sporting events in his career.Sports Media Watch presents the ten worst personnel moves of the 2000s.",
"#6: Bryant Gumbel calls NFL games (2006–08, NFL Network) Before his first game commentary for the network, his status was brought into question after he stirred up controversy in his closing remarks on his HBO program on August 15, 2006, in which he criticized NFL Players Association head Gene Upshaw and outgoing NFL Commissioner Paul Tagliabue.",
"He would later reconcile with the NFL and retained his play-by-play job with the NFL Network.",
"On December 29, 2007, he had a reunion of sorts as he called the Patriots-Giants game on the NFL Network, CBS, and NBC.",
"This is the first three-network simulcast NFL game and, coincidentally, he has worked for all three networks during his career.",
"He also had a strong affiliation with NFL films.",
"Gumbel's performance was the subject of criticism over his entire run because of his voice and a perceived lack of knowledge about the game.",
"Gumbel stepped down as play-by-play announcer in April 2008, prior to the 2008 NFL season.",
"He would be replaced on the NFL Network telecasts by Bob Papa.",
"Personal life\nGumbel raised two children with his wife, June, in semi-rural Waccabuc, north of New York City.",
"In 2001, he divorced her to marry Hilary Quinlan.",
"Around 2002, he shed 55 pounds of weight in seven months after he stepped on the scale to find out he was 240 pounds.",
"In October 2009, he had surgery to remove a malignant tumor near one of his lungs.",
"Awards\n4 Emmy Awards\nFrederick D. Patterson Award from the United Negro College Fund\nMartin Luther King Award from the Congress of Racial Equality\nThree NAACP Image Awards\nEdward R. Murrow Award for Outstanding Foreign Affairs work from the Overseas Press Club, September 1984\nEdward Weintal Prize for diplomatic reporting\nPeabody Award for his reporting in Vietnam\nInternational Journalism Award from TransAfrica\nAfrica's Future Award from the U.S. Committee for UNICEF\nLeadership Award from the African-American Institute\nBest Morning TV News Interviewer, the Washington Journalism Review, 1986\nNational Association of Black Journalists, Journalist of the Year Award, 1993\nTrumpet Award of the Turner Broadcasting System, Inc.\nAlfred I. duPont-Columbia University Award for outstanding broadcast journalism for Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel'' (HBO), December 2005\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n \"Is Bryant Gumbel a Racist?\"",
"– Howard Bloom's Sports Business News.com SBN's look at Bryant Gumbel\n -the tiger woods of TV\n on IMDB\n\nAmerican television reporters and correspondents\nAmerican television sports announcers\n1948 births\nLiving people\nAfrican-American journalists\nAfrican-American Catholics\nAfrican-American television hosts\nAfrican-American television personalities\nAmerican people of German-Jewish descent\nAmerican television hosts\nAmerican male journalists\nBates College alumni\nCBS News people\nCatholics from Louisiana\nCollege basketball announcers in the United States\nCollege football announcers\nDe La Salle Institute alumni\nSports Emmy Award winners\nOlympic Games broadcasters\nGolf writers and broadcasters\nTelevision anchors from Los Angeles\nMajor League Baseball broadcasters\nNational Football League announcers\nPeople from Chicago\nPeople from New Orleans\nPeople from Waccabuc, New York\n20th-century American journalists\n21st-century American journalists\n60 Minutes correspondents\n20th-century African-American people\n21st-century African-American people"
] | [
"Bryant Charles Gumbel is an American television journalist and sportscaster, best known for his 15 years as co-host of NBC's Today.",
"Greg Gumbel is a sportscaster.",
"The Los Angeles Times rated Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel as \"flat out TV's best sports program\" since 1995.",
"In 2012 it won a Peabody Award.",
"NBC Sports hired Gumbel in the fall of 1975 as co- host of its National Football League pre-game show Grand Stand with Jack Buck.",
"He hosted many sporting events for NBC from 1975 to 1982 including Major League Baseball, college basketball and the National Football League.",
"He hosted the prime time coverage of the 1988 Summer Olympics from Korea and the PGA Tour in 1990.",
"Gumbel anchored Today from Vietnam, Vatican City, Europe, South America, and much of the United States between 1984 and 1989.",
"Gumbel's work on Today earned him several awards.",
"He is the third longest serving co- host of Today.",
"He left the show on January 3, 1997 after 15 years.",
"Gumbel hosted various shows at CBS before co-hosting The Early Show on November 1, 1999.",
"The Early Show was hosted by Gumbel on September 11, 2001.",
"He announced the September 11 attacks to CBS viewers.",
"On May 17, 2002, Gumbel left CBS and The Early Show.",
"Gumbel was born in New Orleans.",
"He is the son of a city clerk and a judge.",
"His great-great-grandfather was a German-Jewish emigrant from the village of Albisheim.",
"He was raised on the South Side of the city and graduated from the De La Salle Institute in Chicago.",
"He graduated from the college with a degree in Russian history.",
"In 1971 he became editor of Black Sports Magazine.",
"He began his television career as a sportscaster for KNBC-TV in Los Angeles.",
"Gumbel was hired by NBC Sports in the fall of 1975 as co- host of its National Football League pre-game show Grand Stand with Jack Buck.",
"He hosted many sporting events for NBC from 1975 to 1982 including Major League Baseball, college basketball and the National Football League.",
"He hosted the prime time coverage of the 1988 Summer Olympics from Korea and the PGA Tour in 1990.",
"One of the most memorable moments of Gumbel's time at NBC Sports was when he was on-site for a football game in Miami.",
"He told the viewers that if they didn't like the game then they didn't like football.",
"This would be his last assignment for NBC Sports, as he began co-hosting Today two days later.",
"Gumbel began his affiliation with Today as the program's chief sports reporter contributing twice-weekly features to the program, including a regular series entitled \"Sportsman of the Week,\" featuring up-and-coming athletes.",
"In 1981 NBC announced that Tom Brokaw would be leaving Today to anchor the NBC Nightly News.",
"The initial candidates were all NBC News correspondents, including John Palmer, Chris Wallace, Bob Kur, Bob Jamieson, and Jessica Savitch.",
"During the summer of 1981 the candidates were auditioning for the job.",
"Gumbel was a candidate for the job when he was a substitute for Jane Pauley.",
"He quickly became a top contender for the Today anchor position after impressing executive producer Steve Friedman and other NBC executives.",
"Some within the NBC News division felt that Gumbel should be replaced by a fellow news correspondent, not a sports reporter.",
"Bill Small was the NBC News president at the time.",
"NBC News chose Wallace as the Washington-based anchor and Gumbel as the program's anchor.",
"Pauley would anchor from New York.",
"Gumbel replaced Brokaw as Today's host on January 4, 1982.",
"The Gumbel–Pauley–Wallace arrangement lasted nine months.",
"On paper, it was intriguing, but unwieldy on television.",
"Gumbel served as the show's traffic cop, opening and closing the program, and conducting New York-based interviews, but Pauley and Wallace handled newsreading duties, and Wallace conducted all Washington-based hard news interviews.",
"With ABC's Good Morning America in first place and expanding its lead, NBC News made Gumbel the principal anchor of Today, with Pauley as his co-anchor.",
"John Palmer became Today''s New York-based news anchor and Wallace became the chief White House correspondent.",
"Gumbel and Pauley had a difficult first two years as Today anchors, trying to find a rhythm as a team.",
"Pauley's departure for maternity leave sent Today into a ratings tailspin during the summer of 1983, when Good Morning America solidified its lead over Today.",
"They began to work well together when she came back.",
"NBC took Today on the road in the fall of 1984 and sent Gumbel to the Soviet Union for a series of live broadcasts.",
"He was praised for his performance, which erased any doubts about his hard-news abilities.",
"There was a rapid period of travel for Today.",
"Between 1984 and 1989 remote broadcasts from Vietnam, Vatican City, Europe, South America, and the United States followed.",
"In 1985 Today regained its ratings dominance against Good Morning America, and by early 1986 the NBC program was once again atop the ratings.",
"Gumbel, who was already known for his strong management style as Today anchor, wrote a memo to the executive producer in 1989 to critique the program and identify its weaknesses.",
"Many of his criticisms were directed at Today staffers.",
"The press got it.",
"Gumbel said that the show was being held hostage to Scott's wishes, birthdays and bad taste.",
"Gene Shalit's interviews aren't very good and his movie reviews are often late.",
"There was a lot of negative reaction to Gumbel's comments about Scott on Today.",
"Gumbel and Norville were together for just over a year after Pauley left Today in December 1989.",
"Today dropped to second place in the ratings because of the negative publicity surrounding Norville's replacement of Pauley and Gumbel's feud with Scott.",
"During the 1992 presidential campaign, the Gumbel- Couric team helped refocus Today as the morning news program on public affairs.",
"The program was first in the ratings in December 1995.",
"A large group of fans appreciated Gumbel's work on Today.",
"After Matt and Couric, he is the third longest serving co-host of Today.",
"He left the show on January 3, 1997 after 15 years.",
"Gumbel has made a few appearances on Today.",
"He hosted the show on December 30, 2013, for the show's 60th anniversary.",
"During the 1997–1998 television season, Bryant Gumbel moved to CBS to host a new prime time newsmagazine called Public Eye with Bryant Gumbel.",
"The episode \"The Reckoning\" won a Peabody Award.",
"It only lasted one season.",
"It aired on Wednesday nights at 9pm and moved to Tuesdays at 9pm.",
"Gumbel left NBC in 1997 and moved to CBS, where he co-hosted The Early Show on November 1, 1999.",
"On May 17, 2002, Gumbel left The Early Show and CBS.",
"The Early Show was hosted by Gumbel on September 11, 2001.",
"He announced the September 11 attacks to CBS viewers.",
"He was a special guest on ABC's The View in the spring and summer of 2010.",
"A disgusted Gumbel blurted out \"What a f-ing idiot\" just after he had finished a hostile interview with Robert Knight of the Family Research Council.",
"At about 7:30 a.m., there was an incident.",
"Knight defended the Boy Scout policy of not allowing gays to be leaders.",
"The Media Research Center reported that Gumbel admitted to saying those words when he guest-hosted Live with Regis and Kelly in June 2007.",
"Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel Gumbel has concentrated most of his energy recently on his duties as host of the acclaimed investigative series Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel.",
"According to the Los Angeles Times, Real Sports is the best sports program on TV.",
"In February 2006 Gumbel made comments that some viewed as \"reverse racism\" regarding the Winter Olympics and the lack of African-American participation.",
"On the August 15, 2006 episode of Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel, he made the following comments about former NFL commissioner Paul Tagliabue and Players' Union president Gene Upshaw.",
"Gumbel said in a Rolling Stone article that there are a few things he hates more than the National Rifle Association.",
"Yes, I mean truly.",
"I think they are pigs.",
"They don't care about human life.",
"They are a curse on the American landscape.",
"We got that on the record.",
"The Weather Man Gumbel made a brief appearance in the film The Weather Man.",
"He cohosted a morning show with Nicolas Cage in which he played a depressed weatherman.",
"While Jerry was wearing the puffy pirate shirt in the episode \"The Puffy Shirt\", Seinfeld Gumbel interviewed him on Today while he was on the NBC sitcom.",
"In the episode \"Fair Weather Fran\", The Nanny Gumbel gives Fran Fine an opportunity to apply for a job on television.",
"The new package of NFL games was announced in April of 2006 by the NFL Network.",
"He had never called play-by-play for live sporting events in his career, unlike his brother Greg.",
"Before his first game commentary for the network, his status was brought into question after he stirred up controversy in his closing remarks, in which he criticized the NFL Players Association head.",
"He kept his play-by-play job with the NFL Network.",
"On December 29, 2007, he broadcasted the New England-Giants game on the NFL Network, CBS, and NBC.",
"This is the first time that he has worked for all three networks at the same time.",
"He was a big fan of NFL films.",
"Gumbel's performance was criticized because of his voice and lack of knowledge about the game.",
"Gumbel stepped down as the play-by-play man for the 2008 football season.",
"Bob Papa would replace him on the broadcasts.",
"Gumbel and his wife June raised their two children in a semi-rural area north of New York City.",
"Hilary Quinlan was married to him in 2001.",
"He lost 55 pounds of weight in seven months after he found out he was obese.",
"In October 2009, he had surgery to remove a cancer from his lungs.",
"The United Negro College Fund gave the Frederick D. Patterson Award, the Congress of Racial Equality gave the Martin Luther King Award, and the Overseas Press Club gave the Edward R. Murrow Award.",
"Bryant Gumbel is the tiger woods of TV, with American television reporters and correspondents, American television sports commentators, and African-American television hosts."
] | <mask> (born September 29, 1948) is an American television journalist and sportscaster, best known for his 15 years as co-host of NBC's Today. He is the younger brother of sportscaster <mask>. Since 1995, he has hosted HBO's acclaimed investigative series Real Sports with <mask>, which has been rated as "flat out TV's best sports program" by the Los Angeles Times. It won a Peabody Award in 2012. <mask> was hired by NBC Sports in the fall of 1975 as co-host of its National Football League pre-game show GrandStand with Jack Buck. From 1975 until January 1982 (when he left to do The Today Show), he hosted numerous sporting events for NBC including Major League Baseball, college basketball and the National Football League. He returned to sportscasting for NBC when he hosted the prime time coverage of the 1988 Summer Olympics from Seoul and the PGA Tour in 1990.NBC News made <mask> the principal anchor of Today beginning September 27, 1982, and broadcast from Vietnam, Vatican City, Europe, South America, and much of the United States followed between 1984 and 1989. <mask>'s work on Today earned him several Emmys and a large fanbase. He is the third longest serving co-host of Today, after former hosts Matt Lauer and Katie Couric. He stepped down from the show on January 3, 1997, after 15 years. <mask> moved to CBS, where he hosted various shows before becoming co-host of the network's morning show The Early Show on November 1, 1999. <mask> was hosting The Early Show on the morning of September 11, 2001. He was the first to announce the September 11 attacks to CBS viewers.<mask> left CBS and The Early Show on May 17, 2002. Early life and education
<mask> was born in New Orleans. He is the son of Rhea Alice (née LeCesne), a city clerk, and Richard Dunbar <mask>, a judge. His surname originates with his great-great-grandfather, who was a German-Jewish emigrant from the village of Albisheim. Raised Catholic, he attended and graduated from De La Salle Institute in Chicago, while growing up on the South Side of the city; his family had moved north when he was a child. He graduated from Bates College in 1970 with a degree in Russian history. Career
In 1971, he became editor of Black Sports Magazine, leaving the following year.He began his television career in October 1972, when he was made a sportscaster for KNBC-TV in Los Angeles. NBC
NBC Sports
Already a local evening news sports anchor for KNBC, in Los Angeles, <mask> was hired by NBC Sports in the fall of 1975 as co-host of its National Football League pre-game show GrandStand with Jack Buck. From 1975 until January 1982 (when he left to do The Today Show), he hosted numerous sporting events for NBC including Major League Baseball, college basketball and the National Football League. He returned to sportscasting for NBC when he hosted the prime time coverage of the 1988 Summer Olympics from Seoul and the PGA Tour in 1990. One of <mask>'s more memorable moments during his time at NBC Sports occurred when he was on-site for the "Epic in Miami" NFL playoff game between the San Diego Chargers and Miami Dolphins. At the end of the game, he told the viewers, "If you didn't like this football game then you don't like football!" This would be one of his final assignments for NBC Sports, as he began co-hosting Today two days later.Today
<mask> began his affiliation with Today as the program's chief sports reporter contributing twice-weekly features to the program, including a regular series entitled "Sportsman of the Week," featuring up-and-coming athletes. In June 1981, NBC announced that Tom Brokaw would depart Today to anchor the NBC Nightly News with Roger Mudd beginning in the spring of 1982. The search for Brokaw's replacement was on, and the initial candidates were all NBC News correspondents, including John Palmer, Chris Wallace, Bob Kur, Bob Jamieson, and Jessica Savitch. The candidates auditioned for Brokaw's job throughout the summer of 1981 when he was on vacation. <mask> became a candidate for the job just by chance when he served as a last-minute substitute for Today co-anchor Jane Pauley in August 1981. He so impressed executive producer Steve Friedman and other NBC executives that he quickly became a top contender for the Today anchor position. While Friedman and other NBC executives favored <mask> as Brokaw's replacement, another contingent within the NBC News division felt strongly that he should be replaced by a fellow news correspondent, not a sports reporter.Wallace was the favored candidate of then-NBC News president Bill Small. NBC News decided to split the difference, selecting <mask> as the program's anchor and Wallace as the Washington-based anchor. Pauley would remain co-anchor in New York. Brokaw signed off of Today on December 18, 1981, and <mask> replaced him on January 4, 1982. The Gumbel–Pauley–Wallace arrangement, known internally as the "Mod Squad", lasted only nine months. It was an arrangement that proved intriguing on paper but unwieldy on television. <mask> served as the show's traffic cop, opening and closing the program and conducting New York-based interviews, but Pauley and Wallace handled newsreading duties, and Wallace conducted all Washington-based hard news interviews.With ABC's Good Morning America in first place and expanding its lead, NBC News made <mask> the principal anchor of Today beginning September 27, 1982, with Pauley as his co-anchor. Wallace became the chief White House correspondent covering President Ronald Reagan, and John Palmer, previously a White House correspondent, became Today'''s New York-based news anchor. <mask> and Pauley had a challenging first two years together as Today anchors as they sought to find a rhythm as a team. Good Morning America solidified its lead over Today in the ratings during the summer of 1983, and Pauley's departure for maternity leave sent Today into a ratings tailspin. But when she returned in February 1984, they began to work well together as a team. NBC took Today on the road in the fall of '84, sending Gumbel to the Soviet Union for an unprecedented series of live broadcasts from Moscow. He won plaudits for his performance, erasing any doubts about his hard-news capabilities.That trip began a whirlwind period of travel for Today. Remote broadcasts from Vietnam, Vatican City, Europe, South America, and much of the United States followed between 1984 and 1989. Today began to regain its old ratings dominance against Good Morning America throughout 1985, and by early 1986, the NBC program was once again atop the ratings. In 1989, <mask>, who was already known for his strong management style as Today anchor, wrote a memo to the executive producer Marty Ryan, on Ryan's request, critiquing the program and identifying its shortcomings. Many of his criticisms were directed at fellow Today staffers. It was leaked to the press. In the memo, <mask> commented that Willard Scott "holds the show hostage to his assortment of whims, wishes, birthdays and bad taste ... this guy is killing us and no one's even trying to rein him in".He commented that Gene Shalit's movie reviews "are often late and his interviews aren't very good." There was enough negative backlash in regard to <mask>'s comments toward Scott that he was shown making up with Scott on Today. Following Pauley's departure from Today in December 1989, <mask> was joined by Deborah Norville in a short-lived partnership that lasted just over a year. Today dropped to second place in the ratings during this period as a result of intensely negative publicity surrounding Norville's replacement of Pauley, and <mask>'s feud with Scott. Norville was replaced by Katie Couric in April 1991, and the <mask>-Couric team helped refocus Today as the morning news program on public affairs during the 1992 presidential campaign. The program returned to first place in the ratings in December 1995. <mask>'s work on Today earned him several Emmys and a large group of fans.He is the third longest serving co-host of Today, after Matt Lauer and Couric. He stepped down from the show on January 3, 1997, after 15 years. Since his departure, <mask> has made occasional appearances on Today. He appeared for the show's 60th anniversary and hosted with Lauer and Pauley on December 30, 2013. CBS
Public Eye with <mask>
After 15 years on Today, <mask> moved to CBS to host a new prime time news-magazine called Public Eye with <mask> during the 1997–1998 television season. The episode "The Reckoning" won a Peabody Award in 1998. It lasted just one season before being cancelled.It aired on Wednesday nights at 9pm ET before moving to Tuesdays at 9pm ET.Richard Huff, "With 'eye' toward ratings, CBS replaces Gumbel exec", New York Daily News, February 6, 1998. The Early Show
After leaving the Today and Dateline NBC in 1997, <mask> moved to CBS, where he hosted various shows before becoming co-host of the network's morning show The Early Show on November 1, 1999. <mask> left The Early Show (and CBS that same year) on May 17, 2002. <mask> was hosting The Early Show on the morning of September 11, 2001. He was the first to announce the September 11 attacks to CBS viewers. In the spring and summer of 2010, he served as a special guest moderator of ABC's The View for multiple days. Boy Scouts Incident
A CBS camera caught a disgusted Gumbel blurting out "What a f-ing idiot" just after he had finished a hostile interview with Robert Knight of the Family Research Council (FRC).The incident occurred at about 7:15 a.m. ET on Thursday, June 29, 2000, following Knight's appearance to defend the Boy Scout policy of excluding gays from being leaders. The Media Research Center reported that he uttered those words; <mask> openly admitted to saying so when guest-hosting a June 2007 episode of Live with Regis and Kelly. Real Sports with <mask>
<mask> has concentrated most of his energy recently on his duties as host of HBO's acclaimed investigative series Real Sports with <mask> (a show that he has hosted since 1995). HBO's web page claims that Real Sports has been described as "flat out—TV's best sports program" by the Los Angeles Times. It won a Peabody Award in 2012.
Notable remarks
In February 2006, <mask> made remarks that some viewed as "reverse racism" regarding the Winter Olympics and the lack of African-American participation, and others considered important sports journalism commentary. On the August 15, 2006, episode of Real Sports with <mask>, <mask> made the following remarks about former NFL commissioner Paul Tagliabue and Players' Union president Gene Upshaw and directed these comments to new commissioner Roger Goodell:
In response, Tagliabue said:
On the October 18, 2011, <mask> evoked slavery in his criticism of NBA Commissioner David Stern over the league's lockout.In a Rolling Stone article dated January 20, 2015, <mask> said: "There are a few things I hate more than the (National Rifle Association). I mean truly. I think they're pigs. I think they don't care about human life. I think they are a curse upon the American landscape. So we got that on the record." The Weather Man
<mask> made a cameo appearance alongside Nicolas Cage and Michael Caine in The Weather Man, a film directed by Gore Verbinski.In it, he cohosts a morning show entitled Hello America, for which Cage's character, a depressed weatherman, auditions. Seinfeld
<mask> made a cameo appearance on the NBC sitcom Seinfeld during which he interviewed Jerry Seinfeld on Today while Jerry was wearing the puffy pirate shirt in the episode "The Puffy Shirt". The Nanny
<mask> made a cameo appearance on the sitcom The Nanny during which he gives Fran Fine an audition for a job in television in the episode "Fair Weather Fran". NFL Network
In April 2006, NFL Network announced that <mask>, along with Cris Collinsworth and Dick Vermeil, would comment on its new package of NFL games. Unlike his brother Greg, he had never called play-by-play for live sporting events in his career.Sports Media Watch presents the ten worst personnel moves of the 2000s. #6: <mask> calls NFL games (2006–08, NFL Network) Before his first game commentary for the network, his status was brought into question after he stirred up controversy in his closing remarks on his HBO program on August 15, 2006, in which he criticized NFL Players Association head Gene Upshaw and outgoing NFL Commissioner Paul Tagliabue. He would later reconcile with the NFL and retained his play-by-play job with the NFL Network.On December 29, 2007, he had a reunion of sorts as he called the Patriots-Giants game on the NFL Network, CBS, and NBC. This is the first three-network simulcast NFL game and, coincidentally, he has worked for all three networks during his career. He also had a strong affiliation with NFL films. <mask>'s performance was the subject of criticism over his entire run because of his voice and a perceived lack of knowledge about the game. <mask> stepped down as play-by-play announcer in April 2008, prior to the 2008 NFL season. He would be replaced on the NFL Network telecasts by Bob Papa. Personal life
<mask> raised two children with his wife, June, in semi-rural Waccabuc, north of New York City.In 2001, he divorced her to marry Hilary Quinlan. Around 2002, he shed 55 pounds of weight in seven months after he stepped on the scale to find out he was 240 pounds. In October 2009, he had surgery to remove a malignant tumor near one of his lungs. Awards
4 Emmy Awards
Frederick D. Patterson Award from the United Negro College Fund
Martin Luther King Award from the Congress of Racial Equality
Three NAACP Image Awards
Edward R. Murrow Award for Outstanding Foreign Affairs work from the Overseas Press Club, September 1984
Edward Weintal Prize for diplomatic reporting
Peabody Award for his reporting in Vietnam
International Journalism Award from TransAfrica
Africa's Future Award from the U.S. Committee for UNICEF
Leadership Award from the African-American Institute
Best Morning TV News Interviewer, the Washington Journalism Review, 1986
National Association of Black Journalists, Journalist of the Year Award, 1993
Trumpet Award of the Turner Broadcasting System, Inc.
Alfred I. duPont-Columbia University Award for outstanding broadcast journalism for Real Sports with <mask>'' (HBO), December 2005
References
External links
"Is <mask> a Racist?" – Howard Bloom's Sports Business News.com SBN's look at <mask>
-the tiger woods of TV
on IMDB
American television reporters and correspondents
American television sports announcers
1948 births
Living people
African-American journalists
African-American Catholics
African-American television hosts
African-American television personalities
American people of German-Jewish descent
American television hosts
American male journalists
Bates College alumni
CBS News people
Catholics from Louisiana
College basketball announcers in the United States
College football announcers
De La Salle Institute alumni
Sports Emmy Award winners
Olympic Games broadcasters
Golf writers and broadcasters
Television anchors from Los Angeles
Major League Baseball broadcasters
National Football League announcers
People from Chicago
People from New Orleans
People from Waccabuc, New York
20th-century American journalists
21st-century American journalists
60 Minutes correspondents
20th-century African-American people
21st-century African-American people | [
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] | <mask> is an American television journalist and sportscaster, best known for his 15 years as co-host of NBC's Today. <mask> is a sportscaster. The Los Angeles Times rated Real Sports with <mask> as "flat out TV's best sports program" since 1995. In 2012 it won a Peabody Award. NBC Sports hired <mask> in the fall of 1975 as co- host of its National Football League pre-game show Grand Stand with Jack Buck. He hosted many sporting events for NBC from 1975 to 1982 including Major League Baseball, college basketball and the National Football League. He hosted the prime time coverage of the 1988 Summer Olympics from Korea and the PGA Tour in 1990.<mask> anchored Today from Vietnam, Vatican City, Europe, South America, and much of the United States between 1984 and 1989. <mask>'s work on Today earned him several awards. He is the third longest serving co- host of Today. He left the show on January 3, 1997 after 15 years. <mask> hosted various shows at CBS before co-hosting The Early Show on November 1, 1999. The Early Show was hosted by <mask> on September 11, 2001. He announced the September 11 attacks to CBS viewers.On May 17, 2002, <mask> left CBS and The Early Show. <mask> was born in New Orleans. He is the son of a city clerk and a judge. His great-great-grandfather was a German-Jewish emigrant from the village of Albisheim. He was raised on the South Side of the city and graduated from the De La Salle Institute in Chicago. He graduated from the college with a degree in Russian history. In 1971 he became editor of Black Sports Magazine.He began his television career as a sportscaster for KNBC-TV in Los Angeles. <mask> was hired by NBC Sports in the fall of 1975 as co- host of its National Football League pre-game show Grand Stand with Jack Buck. He hosted many sporting events for NBC from 1975 to 1982 including Major League Baseball, college basketball and the National Football League. He hosted the prime time coverage of the 1988 Summer Olympics from Korea and the PGA Tour in 1990. One of the most memorable moments of <mask>'s time at NBC Sports was when he was on-site for a football game in Miami. He told the viewers that if they didn't like the game then they didn't like football. This would be his last assignment for NBC Sports, as he began co-hosting Today two days later.<mask> began his affiliation with Today as the program's chief sports reporter contributing twice-weekly features to the program, including a regular series entitled "Sportsman of the Week," featuring up-and-coming athletes. In 1981 NBC announced that Tom Brokaw would be leaving Today to anchor the NBC Nightly News. The initial candidates were all NBC News correspondents, including John Palmer, Chris Wallace, Bob Kur, Bob Jamieson, and Jessica Savitch. During the summer of 1981 the candidates were auditioning for the job. <mask> was a candidate for the job when he was a substitute for Jane Pauley. He quickly became a top contender for the Today anchor position after impressing executive producer Steve Friedman and other NBC executives. Some within the NBC News division felt that Gumbel should be replaced by a fellow news correspondent, not a sports reporter.Bill Small was the NBC News president at the time. NBC News chose Wallace as the Washington-based anchor and <mask> as the program's anchor. Pauley would anchor from New York. <mask> replaced Brokaw as Today's host on January 4, 1982. The Gumbel–Pauley–Wallace arrangement lasted nine months. On paper, it was intriguing, but unwieldy on television. <mask> served as the show's traffic cop, opening and closing the program, and conducting New York-based interviews, but Pauley and Wallace handled newsreading duties, and Wallace conducted all Washington-based hard news interviews.With ABC's Good Morning America in first place and expanding its lead, NBC News made <mask> the principal anchor of Today, with Pauley as his co-anchor. John Palmer became Today''s New York-based news anchor and Wallace became the chief White House correspondent. <mask> and Pauley had a difficult first two years as Today anchors, trying to find a rhythm as a team. Pauley's departure for maternity leave sent Today into a ratings tailspin during the summer of 1983, when Good Morning America solidified its lead over Today. They began to work well together when she came back. NBC took Today on the road in the fall of 1984 and sent Gumbel to the Soviet Union for a series of live broadcasts. He was praised for his performance, which erased any doubts about his hard-news abilities.There was a rapid period of travel for Today. Between 1984 and 1989 remote broadcasts from Vietnam, Vatican City, Europe, South America, and the United States followed. In 1985 Today regained its ratings dominance against Good Morning America, and by early 1986 the NBC program was once again atop the ratings. <mask>, who was already known for his strong management style as Today anchor, wrote a memo to the executive producer in 1989 to critique the program and identify its weaknesses. Many of his criticisms were directed at Today staffers. The press got it. Gumbel said that the show was being held hostage to Scott's wishes, birthdays and bad taste.Gene Shalit's interviews aren't very good and his movie reviews are often late. There was a lot of negative reaction to <mask>'s comments about Scott on Today. <mask> and Norville were together for just over a year after Pauley left Today in December 1989. Today dropped to second place in the ratings because of the negative publicity surrounding Norville's replacement of Pauley and <mask>'s feud with Scott. During the 1992 presidential campaign, the <mask>- Couric team helped refocus Today as the morning news program on public affairs. The program was first in the ratings in December 1995. A large group of fans appreciated <mask>'s work on Today.After Matt and Couric, he is the third longest serving co-host of Today. He left the show on January 3, 1997 after 15 years. <mask> has made a few appearances on Today. He hosted the show on December 30, 2013, for the show's 60th anniversary. During the 1997–1998 television season, <mask> moved to CBS to host a new prime time newsmagazine called Public Eye with <mask>. The episode "The Reckoning" won a Peabody Award. It only lasted one season.It aired on Wednesday nights at 9pm and moved to Tuesdays at 9pm. <mask> left NBC in 1997 and moved to CBS, where he co-hosted The Early Show on November 1, 1999. On May 17, 2002, <mask> left The Early Show and CBS. The Early Show was hosted by <mask> on September 11, 2001. He announced the September 11 attacks to CBS viewers. He was a special guest on ABC's The View in the spring and summer of 2010. A disgusted Gumbel blurted out "What a f-ing idiot" just after he had finished a hostile interview with Robert Knight of the Family Research Council.At about 7:30 a.m., there was an incident. Knight defended the Boy Scout policy of not allowing gays to be leaders. The Media Research Center reported that <mask> admitted to saying those words when he guest-hosted Live with Regis and Kelly in June 2007. Real Sports with <mask> <mask> has concentrated most of his energy recently on his duties as host of the acclaimed investigative series Real Sports with <mask>. According to the Los Angeles Times, Real Sports is the best sports program on TV. In February 2006 Gumbel made comments that some viewed as "reverse racism" regarding the Winter Olympics and the lack of African-American participation. On the August 15, 2006 episode of Real Sports with <mask>, he made the following comments about former NFL commissioner Paul Tagliabue and Players' Union president Gene Upshaw.<mask> said in a Rolling Stone article that there are a few things he hates more than the National Rifle Association. Yes, I mean truly. I think they are pigs. They don't care about human life. They are a curse on the American landscape. We got that on the record. The Weather Man <mask> made a brief appearance in the film The Weather Man.He cohosted a morning show with Nicolas Cage in which he played a depressed weatherman. While Jerry was wearing the puffy pirate shirt in the episode "The Puffy Shirt", Seinfeld <mask> interviewed him on Today while he was on the NBC sitcom. In the episode "Fair Weather Fran", The Nanny Gumbel gives Fran Fine an opportunity to apply for a job on television. The new package of NFL games was announced in April of 2006 by the NFL Network. He had never called play-by-play for live sporting events in his career, unlike his brother Greg. Before his first game commentary for the network, his status was brought into question after he stirred up controversy in his closing remarks, in which he criticized the NFL Players Association head. He kept his play-by-play job with the NFL Network.On December 29, 2007, he broadcasted the New England-Giants game on the NFL Network, CBS, and NBC. This is the first time that he has worked for all three networks at the same time. He was a big fan of NFL films. <mask>'s performance was criticized because of his voice and lack of knowledge about the game. <mask> stepped down as the play-by-play man for the 2008 football season. Bob Papa would replace him on the broadcasts. <mask> and his wife June raised their two children in a semi-rural area north of New York City.Hilary Quinlan was married to him in 2001. He lost 55 pounds of weight in seven months after he found out he was obese. In October 2009, he had surgery to remove a cancer from his lungs. The United Negro College Fund gave the Frederick D. Patterson Award, the Congress of Racial Equality gave the Martin Luther King Award, and the Overseas Press Club gave the Edward R. Murrow Award. <mask> is the tiger woods of TV, with American television reporters and correspondents, American television sports commentators, and African-American television hosts. | [
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23141623 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahamed%20Muhyudheen%20Noorishah%20Jeelani | Ahamed Muhyudheen Noorishah Jeelani | Sheikh Noor ul Mashaikh Sayyid Ahamed Muhyudheen NooriShah Jeelani Arabic: (حضرة سيد أحمد محي الدين نوري شاه الجيلاني), known more commonly as NooriShah Jeelani, was a renowned 20th-century muslim, sufi, wali, mystic, orator, faqeeh, theologian, mujaddid and highly acclaimed Islamic scholar of the Qadri, Chisti order from the Indian sub continent. He was the 21st grand son of the famous Sufi saint Ghous-e-Azam Sheikh Mohiyudheen Abdul Qadir Jilani of Baghdad. He was also widely known by his title Noor-ul-Mashaikh. He was the Eponymous founder of the Silsila-e-Nooriya tariqa (Sufi order) which is a sub-branch of Qadiriyya and Chistiyya in India.
His silsila has spread throughout the world influencing millions in more than 40 countries through thousands of his disciples (murid), many gatherings, mosques, Islamic schools, colleges, hospitals and general humanitarian services to society. He was the founder of Kerala’s first Islamic Arabic college Jamia Nooriyya Arabic College, Pattikkad in Malappuram District of Kerala. He accepted the position of vice president of the Jamia Nooriyya Arabic College. Sheikh NooriShah Jeelani was a disciple (murid) of the renowned Sufi saint Sheikh Ghousi Shah whose spiritual master's lineage of predecessors goes to Machiliwale Shah and Mahmoodullah Shah of Hyderabad. His spiritual chain (Tariqa) connects to masters such as Bande Nawaz, Nasiruddin Chiragh Dehlavi, Nizamuddin Auliya, Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki, Moinuddin Chishti of Chishti Order as well as masters such as Abdul Qadir Gilani, Junayd of Baghdad, Sari al-Saqati, Maruf Kharkhi of Qadiri order.
Sheikh NooriShah Jeelani received the title of Caliph (or religious successors) from his spiritual teacher Sheikh Kanzul Irfan Moulana Ghousi Shah of Hyderabad, India after years of spiritual training under his guidance. His ʿUrs (anniversary of death) is celebrated on 14th day of month Rabiʽ al-Thani (Islamic calendar). His mausoleum (or tomb) Dargah is located in very well known place called Noori Maskan of Noori Nagar in the Bandlaguda area of Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
While Sheikh NooriShah Jeelani had millions of disciples (students or murids), few of them were given Caliph and made Khalifa (or religious successors) of his religious spiritual chain and continued to spread the knowledge of Sufism and Spirituality. Among his senior Khalifa (or religious successors) who later became very well acclaimed and most renowned Sufi Saints in the Indian Sub-continent include Sheikh Syed Arifuddin Jeelani Noorullah Shah Noori (Damath Barakatuhu), Sheikh Syed Muneeruddin Jeelani Kamalullah Shah Noori, Sheikh Syed Nasiruddin Jeelani Asrarullah Shah Noori (Damath Barakatuhu),
Khwaja Dil Nawaz Faizee Shah Noori,
Khwaja Faqeer Nawaz Aamir Kaleemi Shah Noori,
Sheikh Jamali Shah Noori,Sheikh Ibrahim Khaleelullah Shah Noori, Sheikh Zuhoori Shah Noori,
Sheikh Yaqoob Ali Shah Noori, Sheikh Syed Aziz Ali Shah Noori among others.
These Sufi saints later spread their knowledge across more than 20 different countries mainly in the Indian Sub-continent, Middle East and South East Asian countries.
Selected works
Sheikh NooriShah Jeelani was known to have authored multiple books of islamic spirituality. Some of the works published in Indian sub-continent were as follows:-
Spiritual chain
The chain of spiritual masters (silsila) of Nooriya reaches both Qadriya and Chistiya masters, hence it came to be known as Chisti-ul-Qadiri . Sheikh NooriShah Jeelani's spiritual preachings continued to influence millions of common people across more than 40 countries with the following major sub-branches:
Silsila-e-Arifiya Nooriya led by his own son and Khalifa called Sheikh Qutb-ul-Mashaikh Noorullah Shah Noori (also known as Syed Arifuddin Jeelani) (Damath Barakatuhum Aliya). He is the current leader of Silsila-e-Arifiyya Nooriyya. and continuation of Sajjada Janasheen. He is thus 22'nd Grand Son of Sheikh Abdul Qadir Gilani. He currently leads all Urs celebrations of NooriShah Jeelani at Noori Maskan in Hyderabad.
Silsila-e-Kamaliya Nooriya led by his own son and Khalifa called Sheikh Syed Kamalullah Shah Noori (also known as Syed Mohammed Muneeruddin Jeelani) whose Mausoleum (or Tomb) is inside the same complex (Tomb) of Sheikh NooriShah Jeelani at Hyderabad, India
Silsila-e-Asrariya Nooriya led by his own son and Khalifa called Sheikh Mumtaz-ul-Mashaikh Rooh-ul-Irfan Kanz-ul-Asrar Syed Asrarullah Shah Noori (also known as Syed Mohammed Nasiruddin Jeelani) (Damath Barakatuhum Aliya). He has been contributing continuously to the academics of Islamic sciences being in teaching positions of Sufi philosophy, Hadees and Quran Tafseer in the famous Jamia Nizamia University of Hyderabad in India.
Silsila-e-Faizeeya Nooriya was led by his Khalifa called Sheikh Shams-ul-Aarifeen Qutb-ul-Aqtab Khwaja Dil Nawaz Faizee Shah Noori Chisti-ul-Qadiri whose Mausoleum (or Tomb) is at Lalpet Dargah, Cuddalore District of Tamil Nadu, India. His Urs (anniversary of death) is celebrated on 20th day of month of Rajab (Islamic calendar).
Silsila-e-Aamiria Nooriya was led by his Khalifa called Sheikh Shams-ul-Mufassireen Khwaja Faqeer Nawaz Syed Muhammad Umar Aamir Kaleemi Shah Noori Chisti-ul-Qadiri Al Hasani ul Hussaini Jafari ul Jeelani whose Mausoleum (or Tomb) is at GGA Pannur Dargah, Sunguvarchatram area, 60 km from Chennai District of Tamil Nadu, India. He was also known to be 30th grand son of Ghous-e-Azam Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani. His Urs (anniversary of death) is celebrated on 29th day of month of Muharram (Islamic calendar).
Silsila-e-Jamaliya Nooriya was led by his Khalifa called Sheikh Jamal-ul-Aarifeen Hujjath-ul-Irfan Jamali Shah Noori Chisti-ul-Qadiri whose Mausoleum (or Tomb) is at Ayangudi Dargah in Kattumannarkoil of Cuddalore District of Tamil Nadu, India
Silsila-e-Zuhooriya Nooriya was led by his Khalifa called Sheikh Muballighul Ihsan wa Musahhihu Ta'aleemath Zuhoori Shah Noori Chisti-ul-Qadiri whose Mausoleum (or Tomb) is at Karuvarakundu area, Malappuram district in Kerala, India
Silsila-e-Khaleeliya Nooriya was led by his Khalifa called Sheikh Ibraheem Khaleelulla Shah Noori Chisti-ul-Qadiri whose Mausoleum (or Tomb) is at Parappuram area in Kerala, India
Silsila-e-Yaqoobia Nooriya was led by his Khalifa called Sheikh Nagam-ul-Aarifeen Mohammad Yaqoob Ali Shah Noori Chisti-ul-Qadiri (Damath Barakatuhum Aliya)
Related
Mahmoodullah Shah
Machiliwale Shah
Kareemullah Shah
Ghousi Shah
Bande Nawaz
Nasiruddin Chiragh Dehlavi
Nizamuddin Auliya
Moinuddin Chishti
Abdul Qadir Gilani
Ibn Arabi
References
External links
Silsila Nooriyya
Rowdha Nooriyya satellite view
Al Arif Unani Medical Research Centre & Hospital – Hyderabad (Free Check up & Treatment)
SUFISM: SILSILA NOORIYYA PHOTOS OF (HAZRAT QIBLA)
Gyarvi Sharif
Gausi Shah
Silsila e Kamaliya
Indian Sufi saints
1915 births
1990 deaths
id:Tarekat Qodiriyah | [
"Sheikh Noor ul Mashaikh Sayyid Ahamed Muhyudheen NooriShah Jeelani Arabic: (حضرة سيد أحمد محي الدين نوري شاه الجيلاني), known more commonly as NooriShah Jeelani, was a renowned 20th-century muslim, sufi, wali, mystic, orator, faqeeh, theologian, mujaddid and highly acclaimed Islamic scholar of the Qadri, Chisti order from the Indian sub continent.",
"He was the 21st grand son of the famous Sufi saint Ghous-e-Azam Sheikh Mohiyudheen Abdul Qadir Jilani of Baghdad.",
"He was also widely known by his title Noor-ul-Mashaikh.",
"He was the Eponymous founder of the Silsila-e-Nooriya tariqa (Sufi order) which is a sub-branch of Qadiriyya and Chistiyya in India.",
"His silsila has spread throughout the world influencing millions in more than 40 countries through thousands of his disciples (murid), many gatherings, mosques, Islamic schools, colleges, hospitals and general humanitarian services to society.",
"He was the founder of Kerala’s first Islamic Arabic college Jamia Nooriyya Arabic College, Pattikkad in Malappuram District of Kerala.",
"He accepted the position of vice president of the Jamia Nooriyya Arabic College.",
"Sheikh NooriShah Jeelani was a disciple (murid) of the renowned Sufi saint Sheikh Ghousi Shah whose spiritual master's lineage of predecessors goes to Machiliwale Shah and Mahmoodullah Shah of Hyderabad.",
"His spiritual chain (Tariqa) connects to masters such as Bande Nawaz, Nasiruddin Chiragh Dehlavi, Nizamuddin Auliya, Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki, Moinuddin Chishti of Chishti Order as well as masters such as Abdul Qadir Gilani, Junayd of Baghdad, Sari al-Saqati, Maruf Kharkhi of Qadiri order.",
"Sheikh NooriShah Jeelani received the title of Caliph (or religious successors) from his spiritual teacher Sheikh Kanzul Irfan Moulana Ghousi Shah of Hyderabad, India after years of spiritual training under his guidance.",
"His ʿUrs (anniversary of death) is celebrated on 14th day of month Rabiʽ al-Thani (Islamic calendar).",
"His mausoleum (or tomb) Dargah is located in very well known place called Noori Maskan of Noori Nagar in the Bandlaguda area of Hyderabad, Telangana, India.",
"While Sheikh NooriShah Jeelani had millions of disciples (students or murids), few of them were given Caliph and made Khalifa (or religious successors) of his religious spiritual chain and continued to spread the knowledge of Sufism and Spirituality.",
"Among his senior Khalifa (or religious successors) who later became very well acclaimed and most renowned Sufi Saints in the Indian Sub-continent include Sheikh Syed Arifuddin Jeelani Noorullah Shah Noori (Damath Barakatuhu), Sheikh Syed Muneeruddin Jeelani Kamalullah Shah Noori, Sheikh Syed Nasiruddin Jeelani Asrarullah Shah Noori (Damath Barakatuhu), \nKhwaja Dil Nawaz Faizee Shah Noori, \nKhwaja Faqeer Nawaz Aamir Kaleemi Shah Noori, \nSheikh Jamali Shah Noori,Sheikh Ibrahim Khaleelullah Shah Noori, Sheikh Zuhoori Shah Noori, \nSheikh Yaqoob Ali Shah Noori, Sheikh Syed Aziz Ali Shah Noori among others.",
"These Sufi saints later spread their knowledge across more than 20 different countries mainly in the Indian Sub-continent, Middle East and South East Asian countries.",
"Selected works\n\nSheikh NooriShah Jeelani was known to have authored multiple books of islamic spirituality.",
"Some of the works published in Indian sub-continent were as follows:-\n\nSpiritual chain\n\nThe chain of spiritual masters (silsila) of Nooriya reaches both Qadriya and Chistiya masters, hence it came to be known as Chisti-ul-Qadiri .",
"Sheikh NooriShah Jeelani's spiritual preachings continued to influence millions of common people across more than 40 countries with the following major sub-branches:\n\nSilsila-e-Arifiya Nooriya led by his own son and Khalifa called Sheikh Qutb-ul-Mashaikh Noorullah Shah Noori (also known as Syed Arifuddin Jeelani) (Damath Barakatuhum Aliya).",
"He is the current leader of Silsila-e-Arifiyya Nooriyya.",
"and continuation of Sajjada Janasheen.",
"He is thus 22'nd Grand Son of Sheikh Abdul Qadir Gilani.",
"He currently leads all Urs celebrations of NooriShah Jeelani at Noori Maskan in Hyderabad.",
"Silsila-e-Kamaliya Nooriya led by his own son and Khalifa called Sheikh Syed Kamalullah Shah Noori (also known as Syed Mohammed Muneeruddin Jeelani) whose Mausoleum (or Tomb) is inside the same complex (Tomb) of Sheikh NooriShah Jeelani at Hyderabad, India\nSilsila-e-Asrariya Nooriya led by his own son and Khalifa called Sheikh Mumtaz-ul-Mashaikh Rooh-ul-Irfan Kanz-ul-Asrar Syed Asrarullah Shah Noori (also known as Syed Mohammed Nasiruddin Jeelani) (Damath Barakatuhum Aliya).",
"He has been contributing continuously to the academics of Islamic sciences being in teaching positions of Sufi philosophy, Hadees and Quran Tafseer in the famous Jamia Nizamia University of Hyderabad in India.",
"Silsila-e-Faizeeya Nooriya was led by his Khalifa called Sheikh Shams-ul-Aarifeen Qutb-ul-Aqtab Khwaja Dil Nawaz Faizee Shah Noori Chisti-ul-Qadiri whose Mausoleum (or Tomb) is at Lalpet Dargah, Cuddalore District of Tamil Nadu, India.",
"His Urs (anniversary of death) is celebrated on 20th day of month of Rajab (Islamic calendar).",
"Silsila-e-Aamiria Nooriya was led by his Khalifa called Sheikh Shams-ul-Mufassireen Khwaja Faqeer Nawaz Syed Muhammad Umar Aamir Kaleemi Shah Noori Chisti-ul-Qadiri Al Hasani ul Hussaini Jafari ul Jeelani whose Mausoleum (or Tomb) is at GGA Pannur Dargah, Sunguvarchatram area, 60 km from Chennai District of Tamil Nadu, India.",
"He was also known to be 30th grand son of Ghous-e-Azam Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani.",
"His Urs (anniversary of death) is celebrated on 29th day of month of Muharram (Islamic calendar)."
] | [
"NooriShah Jeelani was a renowned 20th-century muslim.",
"He was the 21st grand son of a famous Sufi saint.",
"He was known by his title.",
"The Silsila-e-Nooriya tariqa is a sub-branch of Qadiriyya and Chistiyya in India.",
"Millions of people in more than 40 countries have been influenced by his silsila through his disciples, mosques, Islamic schools, colleges, hospitals and general humanitarian services.",
"He founded the first Islamic Arabic college in the state of Kerala.",
"He became the vice president of the college.",
"The spiritual master of the renowned Sufi saint Sheikh Ghousi Shah has a descendant in the form of Sheikh NooriShah Jeelani.",
"His spiritual chain connects to masters such as Bande Nawaz, Moinuddin Chishti of Chishti Order as well as masters such as Abdul Qa.",
"After years of spiritual training under his guidance, Sheikh NooriShah Jeelani received the title of Caliph from his spiritual teacher.",
"His anniversary of death is celebrated on the 14th day of the month.",
"His tomb is located in a well-known place called Noori Maskan of Noori Nagar in the Bandlaguda area of Hyderabad, India.",
"While Sheikh NooriShah Jeelani had millions of disciples, few of them were given Caliph and made religious successors of his spiritual chain and continued to spread the knowledge of Sufism and Spirituality.",
"Some of the most renowned Sufi Saints in the Indian Sub-continent include Sheikh Syed Arifuddin and Sheikh Syed Muneeruddin.",
"The Sufi saints spread their knowledge across more than 20 different countries, mainly in the Indian Sub-continent, Middle East and South East Asian countries.",
"Multiple books of islamic spirituality were written by Sheikh NooriShah Jeelani.",
"Chisti-ul-Qadiri is the name of the chain of spiritual masters that reach both Qadriya and Chistiya masters.",
"Millions of common people across more than 40 countries were influenced by Sheikh NooriShah Jeelani's spiritual preachings.",
"He is the leader of Silsila-e-Arifiyya.",
"Sajjada Janasheen is continuing.",
"He is the son of Sheikh Abdul Qadir Gilani.",
"He leads the celebrations of NooriShah Jeelani at Noori Maskan.",
"The Tomb of Sheikh NooriShah Jee is located inside the same complex as the Silsila-e-Kamaliya Nooriya led by his own son.",
"He has been contributing to the academics of Islamic sciences being in teaching positions of Sufi philosophy, Hadees and Quran Tafseer in the famous Jamia Nizamia University of Hyderabad in India.",
"Sheikh Shams-ul-Aarifeen Qutb-ul-Aqtab was the leader of Silsila-e-Faizeeya.",
"The anniversary of death is celebrated on the 20th day of Rajab.",
"The leader of Silsila-e-Aamiria was called Sheikh Shams-ul-Mufassireen.",
"He was the 30th grand son of Ghous-e-Azam Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani.",
"The 29th day of the month of Muharram is the anniversary of his death."
] | Sheikh Noor ul Mashaikh Sayyid <mask>heen NooriShah Jeelani Arabic: (حضرة سيد أحمد محي الدين نوري شاه الجيلاني), known more commonly as <mask>, was a renowned 20th-century muslim, sufi, wali, mystic, orator, faqeeh, theologian, mujaddid and highly acclaimed Islamic scholar of the Qadri, Chisti order from the Indian sub continent. He was the 21st grand son of the famous Sufi saint Ghous-e-Azam Sheikh Mohiyudheen Abdul Qadir Jilani of Baghdad. He was also widely known by his title Noor-ul-Mashaikh. He was the Eponymous founder of the Silsila-e-Nooriya tariqa (Sufi order) which is a sub-branch of Qadiriyya and Chistiyya in India. His silsila has spread throughout the world influencing millions in more than 40 countries through thousands of his disciples (murid), many gatherings, mosques, Islamic schools, colleges, hospitals and general humanitarian services to society. He was the founder of Kerala’s first Islamic Arabic college Jamia Nooriyya Arabic College, Pattikkad in Malappuram District of Kerala. He accepted the position of vice president of the Jamia Nooriyya Arabic College.Sheikh NooriShah <mask> was a disciple (murid) of the renowned Sufi saint Sheikh Ghousi Shah whose spiritual master's lineage of predecessors goes to Machiliwale Shah and Mahmoodullah Shah of Hyderabad. His spiritual chain (Tariqa) connects to masters such as Bande Nawaz, Nasiruddin Chiragh Dehlavi, Nizamuddin Auliya, Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki, Moinuddin Chishti of Chishti Order as well as masters such as Abdul Qadir Gilani, Junayd of Baghdad, Sari al-Saqati, Maruf Kharkhi of Qadiri order. Sheikh NooriShah <mask> received the title of Caliph (or religious successors) from his spiritual teacher Sheikh Kanzul Irfan Moulana Ghousi Shah of Hyderabad, India after years of spiritual training under his guidance. His ʿUrs (anniversary of death) is celebrated on 14th day of month Rabiʽ al-Thani (Islamic calendar). His mausoleum (or tomb) Dargah is located in very well known place called Noori Maskan of Noori Nagar in the Bandlaguda area of Hyderabad, Telangana, India. While Sheikh NooriShah Jeelani had millions of disciples (students or murids), few of them were given Caliph and made Khalifa (or religious successors) of his religious spiritual chain and continued to spread the knowledge of Sufism and Spirituality. Among his senior Khalifa (or religious successors) who later became very well acclaimed and most renowned Sufi Saints in the Indian Sub-continent include Sheikh Syed Arifuddin <mask> Noorullah Shah Noori (Damath Barakatuhu), Sheikh Syed Muneeruddin Jeelani Kamalullah Shah Noori, Sheikh Syed Nasiruddin Jeelani Asrarullah Shah Noori (Damath Barakatuhu),
Khwaja Dil Nawaz Faizee Shah Noori,
Khwaja Faqeer Nawaz Aamir Kaleemi Shah Noori,
Sheikh Jamali Shah Noori,Sheikh Ibrahim Khaleelullah Shah Noori, Sheikh Zuhoori Shah Noori,
Sheikh Yaqoob Ali Shah Noori, Sheikh Syed Aziz Ali Shah Noori among others.These Sufi saints later spread their knowledge across more than 20 different countries mainly in the Indian Sub-continent, Middle East and South East Asian countries. Selected works
Sheikh NooriShah <mask> was known to have authored multiple books of islamic spirituality. Some of the works published in Indian sub-continent were as follows:-
Spiritual chain
The chain of spiritual masters (silsila) of Nooriya reaches both Qadriya and Chistiya masters, hence it came to be known as Chisti-ul-Qadiri . Sheikh NooriShah <mask>'s spiritual preachings continued to influence millions of common people across more than 40 countries with the following major sub-branches:
Silsila-e-Arifiya Nooriya led by his own son and Khalifa called Sheikh Qutb-ul-Mashaikh Noorullah Shah Noori (also known as Syed Arifuddin <mask>) (Damath Barakatuhum Aliya). He is the current leader of Silsila-e-Arifiyya Nooriyya. and continuation of Sajjada Janasheen. He is thus 22'nd Grand Son of Sheikh Abdul Qadir Gilani.He currently leads all Urs celebrations of NooriShah Jeelani at Noori Maskan in Hyderabad. Silsila-e-Kamaliya Nooriya led by his own son and Khalifa called Sheikh Syed Kamalullah Shah Noori (also known as Syed Mohammed Muneeruddin <mask>) whose Mausoleum (or Tomb) is inside the same complex (Tomb) of Sheikh NooriShah <mask> at Hyderabad, India
Silsila-e-Asrariya Nooriya led by his own son and Khalifa called Sheikh Mumtaz-ul-Mashaikh Rooh-ul-Irfan Kanz-ul-Asrar Syed Asrarullah Shah Noori (also known as Syed Mohammed Nasiruddin <mask>) (Damath Barakatuhum Aliya). He has been contributing continuously to the academics of Islamic sciences being in teaching positions of Sufi philosophy, Hadees and Quran Tafseer in the famous Jamia Nizamia University of Hyderabad in India. Silsila-e-Faizeeya Nooriya was led by his Khalifa called Sheikh Shams-ul-Aarifeen Qutb-ul-Aqtab Khwaja Dil Nawaz Faizee Shah Noori Chisti-ul-Qadiri whose Mausoleum (or Tomb) is at Lalpet Dargah, Cuddalore District of Tamil Nadu, India. His Urs (anniversary of death) is celebrated on 20th day of month of Rajab (Islamic calendar). Silsila-e-Aamiria Nooriya was led by his Khalifa called Sheikh Shams-ul-Mufassireen Khwaja Faqeer Nawaz Syed Muhammad Umar Aamir Kaleemi Shah Noori Chisti-ul-Qadiri Al Hasani ul Hussaini Jafari ul Jeelani whose Mausoleum (or Tomb) is at GGA Pannur Dargah, Sunguvarchatram area, 60 km from Chennai District of Tamil Nadu, India. He was also known to be 30th grand son of Ghous-e-Azam Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani.His Urs (anniversary of death) is celebrated on 29th day of month of Muharram (Islamic calendar). | [
"Ahamed Muhyud",
"NooriShah Jeelani",
"Jeelani",
"Jeelani",
"Jeelani",
"Jeelani",
"Jeelani",
"Jeelani",
"Jeelani",
"Jeelani",
"Jeelani"
] | <mask> was a renowned 20th-century muslim. He was the 21st grand son of a famous Sufi saint. He was known by his title. The Silsila-e-Nooriya tariqa is a sub-branch of Qadiriyya and Chistiyya in India. Millions of people in more than 40 countries have been influenced by his silsila through his disciples, mosques, Islamic schools, colleges, hospitals and general humanitarian services. He founded the first Islamic Arabic college in the state of Kerala. He became the vice president of the college.The spiritual master of the renowned Sufi saint Sheikh Ghousi Shah has a descendant in the form of Sheikh NooriShah <mask>. His spiritual chain connects to masters such as Bande Nawaz, Moinuddin Chishti of Chishti Order as well as masters such as Abdul Qa. After years of spiritual training under his guidance, Sheikh NooriShah <mask> received the title of Caliph from his spiritual teacher. His anniversary of death is celebrated on the 14th day of the month. His tomb is located in a well-known place called Noori Maskan of Noori Nagar in the Bandlaguda area of Hyderabad, India. While Sheikh NooriShah <mask> had millions of disciples, few of them were given Caliph and made religious successors of his spiritual chain and continued to spread the knowledge of Sufism and Spirituality. Some of the most renowned Sufi Saints in the Indian Sub-continent include Sheikh Syed Arifuddin and Sheikh Syed Muneeruddin.The Sufi saints spread their knowledge across more than 20 different countries, mainly in the Indian Sub-continent, Middle East and South East Asian countries. Multiple books of islamic spirituality were written by Sheikh NooriShah <mask>. Chisti-ul-Qadiri is the name of the chain of spiritual masters that reach both Qadriya and Chistiya masters. Millions of common people across more than 40 countries were influenced by Sheikh NooriShah <mask>'s spiritual preachings. He is the leader of Silsila-e-Arifiyya. Sajjada Janasheen is continuing. He is the son of Sheikh Abdul Qadir Gilani.He leads the celebrations of NooriShah Jeelani at Noori Maskan. The Tomb of Sheikh NooriShah Jee is located inside the same complex as the Silsila-e-Kamaliya Nooriya led by his own son. He has been contributing to the academics of Islamic sciences being in teaching positions of Sufi philosophy, Hadees and Quran Tafseer in the famous Jamia Nizamia University of Hyderabad in India. Sheikh Shams-ul-Aarifeen Qutb-ul-Aqtab was the leader of Silsila-e-Faizeeya. The anniversary of death is celebrated on the 20th day of Rajab. The leader of Silsila-e-Aamiria was called Sheikh Shams-ul-Mufassireen. He was the 30th grand son of Ghous-e-Azam Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani.The 29th day of the month of Muharram is the anniversary of his death. | [
"NooriShah Jeelani",
"Jeelani",
"Jeelani",
"Jeelani",
"Jeelani",
"Jeelani"
] |
907734 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaycie%20Phelps | Jaycie Phelps | Jaycie Lynn Phelps (born September 26, 1979 in Greenfield, Indiana, United States) is a retired American Olympic gymnast and member of the 1996 Olympic gold medal U.S. women's gymnastics team, the Magnificent Seven. She is known for her consistency and clean lines in her gymnastics.
Personal life
Jaycie Phelps was born on September 26, 1979, in Indianapolis, Indiana, and grew up in Greenfield, Indiana. She is the daughter of Jack and Cheryl. She has one older brother, Dennis. She was married to 2004 Olympic gymnast Brett McClure in 2005. They have divorced as of 2008. Today, she is the owner and head coach of the Jaycie Phelps Athletic Center in Greenfield, Indiana. In 2014, she married Dave Marus.
Gymnastics career
Early years
Jaycie Phelps began gymnastics at the age of four at Indiana Gymnast in Greenfield, Indiana, and attended once-a-week practice before doing two-a-week practices and building up from there. At age 11, after progressing to the point where her family felt she could benefit from a new coach, she and her family moved to Scottsdale, Arizona and she trained at Desert Devils Gymnastics for extensive training. She attended the 1993 Junior National Championships, but ended up in 24th place, and wanted to quit altogether. After receiving encouragement from her parents, who wanted her to give it another shot, she went and trained at Cincinnati Gymnastics Academy in Cincinnati, Ohio, training alongside future Olympic teammate, Amanda Borden. Jaycie's father and brother went back to Indiana whilst Jaycie and her mother stayed in Cincinnati.
1994
Phelps made her senior debut at the 1994 American Classic in Orlando, Florida, which also served as the trials for the 1994 World Championships. She placed 15th and did not make the team. She attended the 1994 Olympic Festival in St. Louis, Missouri and placed 3rd all-around, plus 5th on balance beam and 6th on floor exercise. At the 1994 U.S. Classic, she placed 3rd in the all-around. She later attended the 1994 Senior National Championships and placed 6th. After doing well and placing 5th in the 1994 World Team Trials in Richmond, Virginia, she was selected to be part of the team to go to the 1994 World Team Championships in Dortmund, Germany, where she won a silver medal.
1995
In 1995, she kicked off the year by competing at the 1995 American Classic in Oakland, California, which also served as the trials for the 1995 Pan American Games. She placed 8th in the all-around, tied for 3rd on the uneven bars, and placed 6th on beam, yet didn't make the team. The year followed with appearances at the Reese's International Gymnastics Cup, McDonald's American Cup, and the International Mixed Pairs. She then rallied at the 1995 Classic, winning 1st in the all-around, uneven bars, balance beam, and floor exercise, and placed 2nd on vault. At the 1995 National Championships, she placed 3rd, behind Dominique Moceanu and Shannon Miller. She was selected at the 1995 World Trials to attend the 1995 World Championships in Sabae, Japan after petitioning in her score at nationals since she injured herself and couldn't compete. She won the bronze medal in the team competition, and qualified for the event final on the uneven bars and placed 8th.
1996
1996 was yet another successful year for Phelps. After strong showings at the American Classic, the 1996 Budget Rent a Car Gymnastics Invitational dual against France, and the 1996 World Championships, she placed 2nd in the all-around at the 1996 National Championships, 0.05 behind Shannon Miller. At the Olympic Trials in Boston, Massachusetts, she placed 1st after day 1. On day 2, she over-rotated her dismount on the balance beam and stumbled into a backward roll, but strong performances on the other apparatus helped her place 3rd all-around, securing a spot on the 1996 US Olympic Women's Gymnastics Team.
1996 Olympic Games
At the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta, Georgia, Phelps competed on all four events in both compulsories and optionals. She was typically first or second up on each apparatus, but her contributions were invaluable. In the compulsories, she had a shaky performance on the beam and fell, but good routines on the bars, floor, and vault helped her team place second behind Russia. In the optionals, she performed solidly, placing high on all four events and contributing to the team's first-ever Olympic gold medal. She also placed 17th in the all-around, but four of her teammates (Shannon Miller, Dominique Dawes, Kerri Strug, and Dominique Moceanu) placed higher than her. Due to the fact that only three gymnasts from each country could perform in the all-around competition, Phelps could not compete in the final.
Comeback
In October 1999, Phelps announced for a comeback in hopes of making the 2000 Olympic Games in Sydney. She was not the only gymnast from the Magnificent Seven who announced a comeback for the 2000 Olympics; teammates Dominique Dawes, Dominique Moceanu, Amy Chow, and Shannon Miller were also vying for spots on the Olympic team. At the 2000 Classic, she competed on uneven bars, balance beam, and floor exercise, and qualified for the 2000 National Championships. She competed on day 1 of nationals, but withdrew on day 2 and petitioned to go to the 2000 Olympic Trials, but her petition was denied. Following a knee injury, she ultimately decided to retire from gymnastics.
Eponymous skills
Awards and achievements
Phelps was inducted into the U.S. Gymnastics Hall of Fame in 1998 as a member of the 1996 U.S. gymnastics team. In 2008, she was inducted into the United States Olympic Hall of Fame in the team category. The team received their award in Chicago with other Olympic greats. Following their Olympic performance, they also made an appearance on the box of Wheaties and were featured in the book ''The Magnificent Seven."
Phelps was awarded Sagamore of the Wabash, which is the highest award bestowed upon an Indiana resident, and the Ohio Governor's Award.
Colerain Township proclaimed August 30, 1996 as "Jaycie Phelps Day".
A street in Cincinnati, Ohio, was renamed in her honor as Jaycie Phelps Drive. And on the east side of Greenfield, Indiana, there is now a road named Jaycie Phelps Road.
Phelps opened Jaycie Phelps Athletic with her husband in Greenfield, Indiana.
Major results
National results
2000 John Hancock U.S. Gymnastics Championships, St. Louis;
2000 U.S. Classic, Tulsa, Okla.; 14-AA
1996 U.S. Olympic Trials-Gymnastics, Boston, Mass.; 3rd-AA
1996 Coca-Cola National Championships, Knoxville, Tenn.; 2nd-AA
1996 American Classic/World Championships Trials, Tulsa, Okla.; 1st-AA
1995 World Team Trials, Austin, Texas; 3rd-AA (injured-based on National Championships score only)
1995 Coca-Cola National Championships, New Orleans, La.; 3rd-AA, 4th(t)-UB, 5th-V, 6th-FX
1995 U.S. Classic, Birmingham, Ala.; 1st-AA, UB, BB & FX, 2nd-V
1995 American Classic/Pan American Games Trials, Oakland, Calif.; 8th-AA, 3rd(t)-UB, 6th-BB
1994 NationsBank World Team Trials, Richmond, Va.; 5th-AA
1994 Coca-Cola National Championships, Nashville, Tenn.; 6th-AA, 5th-UB, BB & FX
1994 U.S. Classic, Palm Springs, Calif.; 3rd-AA
1994 U.S. Olympic Festival, St. Louis, Mo.; 3rd-AA, 4th-Team, 5th-BB, 6th-FX
1994 American Classic/World Championships Trials, Orlando, Fla.; 15th(t)-AA
1993 Coca-Cola National Championships, Salt Lake City, Utah; 24th-AA (jr. division)
1993 U.S. Classic, Austin, Texas; 15th-AA (jr. division)
International results
1996 Olympic Games, Atlanta, Ga.; 1st-Team, 17th-AA (Competition I)
1996 Individual Event World Championships, San Juan, Puerto Rico; 8th-UB, 7th-BB
1996 Budget Rent a Car Gymnastics Invitational USA vs. France, Miami, Fla.; 1st-Team
1995 World Championships, Sabae, Japan; 3rd-Team, 7th-UB
1995 International Mixed Pairs, Seattle, Wash.; 9th-AA (with partner Josh Stein)
1995 McDonald's American Cup, Seattle, Wash.; 12th-AA (prelims.), 3rd(t)-UB
1995 Reese's International Gymnastics Cup, Portland, Ore.; 7th-BB
1994 Team World Championships, Dortmund, Germany; 2nd-Team
References
External links
1979 births
Living people
American female artistic gymnasts
Gymnasts at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
Originators of elements in artistic gymnastics
People from Greenfield, Indiana
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for the United States in gymnastics
Gymnasts from Indiana
U.S. women's national team gymnasts
21st-century American women | [
"Jaycie Lynn Phelps (born September 26, 1979 in Greenfield, Indiana, United States) is a retired American Olympic gymnast and member of the 1996 Olympic gold medal U.S. women's gymnastics team, the Magnificent Seven.",
"She is known for her consistency and clean lines in her gymnastics.",
"Personal life\nJaycie Phelps was born on September 26, 1979, in Indianapolis, Indiana, and grew up in Greenfield, Indiana.",
"She is the daughter of Jack and Cheryl.",
"She has one older brother, Dennis.",
"She was married to 2004 Olympic gymnast Brett McClure in 2005.",
"They have divorced as of 2008.",
"Today, she is the owner and head coach of the Jaycie Phelps Athletic Center in Greenfield, Indiana.",
"In 2014, she married Dave Marus.",
"Gymnastics career\n\nEarly years\nJaycie Phelps began gymnastics at the age of four at Indiana Gymnast in Greenfield, Indiana, and attended once-a-week practice before doing two-a-week practices and building up from there.",
"At age 11, after progressing to the point where her family felt she could benefit from a new coach, she and her family moved to Scottsdale, Arizona and she trained at Desert Devils Gymnastics for extensive training.",
"She attended the 1993 Junior National Championships, but ended up in 24th place, and wanted to quit altogether.",
"After receiving encouragement from her parents, who wanted her to give it another shot, she went and trained at Cincinnati Gymnastics Academy in Cincinnati, Ohio, training alongside future Olympic teammate, Amanda Borden.",
"Jaycie's father and brother went back to Indiana whilst Jaycie and her mother stayed in Cincinnati.",
"1994\nPhelps made her senior debut at the 1994 American Classic in Orlando, Florida, which also served as the trials for the 1994 World Championships.",
"She placed 15th and did not make the team.",
"She attended the 1994 Olympic Festival in St. Louis, Missouri and placed 3rd all-around, plus 5th on balance beam and 6th on floor exercise.",
"At the 1994 U.S. Classic, she placed 3rd in the all-around.",
"She later attended the 1994 Senior National Championships and placed 6th.",
"After doing well and placing 5th in the 1994 World Team Trials in Richmond, Virginia, she was selected to be part of the team to go to the 1994 World Team Championships in Dortmund, Germany, where she won a silver medal.",
"1995\nIn 1995, she kicked off the year by competing at the 1995 American Classic in Oakland, California, which also served as the trials for the 1995 Pan American Games.",
"She placed 8th in the all-around, tied for 3rd on the uneven bars, and placed 6th on beam, yet didn't make the team.",
"The year followed with appearances at the Reese's International Gymnastics Cup, McDonald's American Cup, and the International Mixed Pairs.",
"She then rallied at the 1995 Classic, winning 1st in the all-around, uneven bars, balance beam, and floor exercise, and placed 2nd on vault.",
"At the 1995 National Championships, she placed 3rd, behind Dominique Moceanu and Shannon Miller.",
"She was selected at the 1995 World Trials to attend the 1995 World Championships in Sabae, Japan after petitioning in her score at nationals since she injured herself and couldn't compete.",
"She won the bronze medal in the team competition, and qualified for the event final on the uneven bars and placed 8th.",
"1996\n1996 was yet another successful year for Phelps.",
"After strong showings at the American Classic, the 1996 Budget Rent a Car Gymnastics Invitational dual against France, and the 1996 World Championships, she placed 2nd in the all-around at the 1996 National Championships, 0.05 behind Shannon Miller.",
"At the Olympic Trials in Boston, Massachusetts, she placed 1st after day 1.",
"On day 2, she over-rotated her dismount on the balance beam and stumbled into a backward roll, but strong performances on the other apparatus helped her place 3rd all-around, securing a spot on the 1996 US Olympic Women's Gymnastics Team.",
"1996 Olympic Games\nAt the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta, Georgia, Phelps competed on all four events in both compulsories and optionals.",
"She was typically first or second up on each apparatus, but her contributions were invaluable.",
"In the compulsories, she had a shaky performance on the beam and fell, but good routines on the bars, floor, and vault helped her team place second behind Russia.",
"In the optionals, she performed solidly, placing high on all four events and contributing to the team's first-ever Olympic gold medal.",
"She also placed 17th in the all-around, but four of her teammates (Shannon Miller, Dominique Dawes, Kerri Strug, and Dominique Moceanu) placed higher than her.",
"Due to the fact that only three gymnasts from each country could perform in the all-around competition, Phelps could not compete in the final.",
"Comeback\nIn October 1999, Phelps announced for a comeback in hopes of making the 2000 Olympic Games in Sydney.",
"She was not the only gymnast from the Magnificent Seven who announced a comeback for the 2000 Olympics; teammates Dominique Dawes, Dominique Moceanu, Amy Chow, and Shannon Miller were also vying for spots on the Olympic team.",
"At the 2000 Classic, she competed on uneven bars, balance beam, and floor exercise, and qualified for the 2000 National Championships.",
"She competed on day 1 of nationals, but withdrew on day 2 and petitioned to go to the 2000 Olympic Trials, but her petition was denied.",
"Following a knee injury, she ultimately decided to retire from gymnastics.",
"Eponymous skills\n\nAwards and achievements\nPhelps was inducted into the U.S.",
"Gymnastics Hall of Fame in 1998 as a member of the 1996 U.S. gymnastics team.",
"In 2008, she was inducted into the United States Olympic Hall of Fame in the team category.",
"The team received their award in Chicago with other Olympic greats.",
"Following their Olympic performance, they also made an appearance on the box of Wheaties and were featured in the book ''The Magnificent Seven.\"",
"Phelps was awarded Sagamore of the Wabash, which is the highest award bestowed upon an Indiana resident, and the Ohio Governor's Award.",
"Colerain Township proclaimed August 30, 1996 as \"Jaycie Phelps Day\".",
"A street in Cincinnati, Ohio, was renamed in her honor as Jaycie Phelps Drive.",
"And on the east side of Greenfield, Indiana, there is now a road named Jaycie Phelps Road.",
"Phelps opened Jaycie Phelps Athletic with her husband in Greenfield, Indiana.",
"Major results\n\nNational results\n\n2000 John Hancock U.S.",
"Gymnastics Championships, St. Louis;\n2000 U.S. Classic, Tulsa, Okla.; 14-AA\n1996 U.S. Olympic Trials-Gymnastics, Boston, Mass.",
"; 3rd-AA\n1996 Coca-Cola National Championships, Knoxville, Tenn.; 2nd-AA\n1996 American Classic/World Championships Trials, Tulsa, Okla.; 1st-AA\n1995 World Team Trials, Austin, Texas; 3rd-AA (injured-based on National Championships score only)\n1995 Coca-Cola National Championships, New Orleans, La.",
"; 3rd-AA, 4th(t)-UB, 5th-V, 6th-FX\n1995 U.S. Classic, Birmingham, Ala.; 1st-AA, UB, BB & FX, 2nd-V\n1995 American Classic/Pan American Games Trials, Oakland, Calif.; 8th-AA, 3rd(t)-UB, 6th-BB\n1994 NationsBank World Team Trials, Richmond, Va.; 5th-AA\n1994 Coca-Cola National Championships, Nashville, Tenn.; 6th-AA, 5th-UB, BB & FX\n1994 U.S. Classic, Palm Springs, Calif.; 3rd-AA\n1994 U.S. Olympic Festival, St. Louis, Mo.",
"; 3rd-AA, 4th-Team, 5th-BB, 6th-FX\n1994 American Classic/World Championships Trials, Orlando, Fla.; 15th(t)-AA\n1993 Coca-Cola National Championships, Salt Lake City, Utah; 24th-AA (jr. division)\n1993 U.S. Classic, Austin, Texas; 15th-AA (jr. division)\n\nInternational results\n\n1996 Olympic Games, Atlanta, Ga.; 1st-Team, 17th-AA (Competition I)\n1996 Individual Event World Championships, San Juan, Puerto Rico; 8th-UB, 7th-BB\n1996 Budget Rent a Car Gymnastics Invitational USA vs. France, Miami, Fla.; 1st-Team\n1995 World Championships, Sabae, Japan; 3rd-Team, 7th-UB\n1995 International Mixed Pairs, Seattle, Wash.; 9th-AA (with partner Josh Stein)\n1995 McDonald's American Cup, Seattle, Wash.; 12th-AA (prelims.",
"), 3rd(t)-UB\n1995 Reese's International Gymnastics Cup, Portland, Ore.; 7th-BB\n1994 Team World Championships, Dortmund, Germany; 2nd-Team\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n1979 births\nLiving people\nAmerican female artistic gymnasts\nGymnasts at the 1996 Summer Olympics\nMedalists at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships\nOriginators of elements in artistic gymnastics\nPeople from Greenfield, Indiana\nMedalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics\nOlympic gold medalists for the United States in gymnastics\nGymnasts from Indiana\nU.S. women's national team gymnasts\n21st-century American women"
] | [
"The 1996 Olympic gold medal winning U.S. women's gymnastics team is known as the \"Magnificent Seven\".",
"She is known for her clean lines in gymnastics.",
"Jaycie was born in Indianapolis, Indiana, on September 26, 1979 and grew up in Indiana.",
"Jack and Cheryl have a daughter.",
"Dennis is her older brother.",
"She was married to a gymnast in 2004.",
"They divorced in 2008.",
"She is the owner and head coach of the Jaycie Phelps Athletic Center.",
"She married Dave Marus.",
"At the age of four, Jaycie started gymnastics at Indiana Gymnast in Indiana and practiced once a week for two-a-week practices.",
"After progressing to the point where her family felt she could benefit from a new coach, she and her family moved to Arizona and she trained at Desert Devils Gymnastics.",
"She was in 24th place at the 1993 Junior National Championships and wanted to quit.",
"After receiving encouragement from her parents, who wanted her to give it another shot, she went and trained at Cincinnati Gymnastics Academy in Cincinnati, Ohio.",
"While Jaycie and her mother stayed in Cincinnati, her father and brother went back to Indiana.",
"The trials for the 1994 World Championships were held at the American Classic in Florida, where she made her senior debut.",
"She did not make the team.",
"She placed 3rd all-around, 5th on balance beam and 6th on floor exercise at the 1994 Olympic Festival.",
"She placed 3rd in the all-around at the 1994 U.S. Classic.",
"She placed 6th at the 1994 Senior National Championships.",
"She was selected to go to the 1994 World Team Championships in Germany, where she won a silver medal, after placing 5th in the 1994 World Team Trials.",
"She competed at the 1995 American Classic in Oakland, California, which was also the trials for the 1995 Pan American Games.",
"She placed 8th in the all-around, tied for 3rd on the bars, and 6th on beam, but didn't make the team.",
"The year ended with appearances at the Reese's International Gymnastics Cup, McDonald's American Cup, and the International Mixed Pairs.",
"She won the all-around, balance beam, floor exercise, and vault at the 1995 Classic.",
"She placed 3rd at the 1995 National Championships.",
"She was selected at the 1995 World Trials to attend the 1995 World Championships after petitioning in her score since she injured herself and couldn't compete.",
"She qualified for the event final on the bars and placed 8th.",
"In 1996 it was another successful year for Phelps.",
"She placed second in the all-around at the 1996 National Championships, 0.05 behind Shannon Miller, after strong showings at the American Classic, Budget Rent a Car Gymnastics Invitation dual against France, and the 1996 World Championships.",
"She placed 1st after the first day of the Olympic trials.",
"On the second day, she over-rotated her dismount on the balance beam and stumbled into a backward roll, but strong performances on the other apparatus helped her place 3rd all-around, securing a spot on the 1996 US Olympic Women's Gymnastics Team.",
"In the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta, Georgia, he competed in all four events in both compulsories and optionals.",
"She was usually first or second on each apparatus.",
"She had a shaky performance on the beam and fell, but good routines on the bars, floor, and vault helped her team place second behind Russia.",
"She contributed to the team's first-ever Olympic gold medal by placing high on all four events in the optionals.",
"She placed 17th in the all-around, but four of her teammates placed higher than her.",
"Due to the fact that only three gymnasts from each country could perform in the all-around competition, Phelps could not compete in the final.",
"In October 1999, it was announced that Michael would be coming back in hopes of making the 2000 Olympic Games.",
"She was not the only gymnast from the Magnificent Seven who decided to come back for the 2000 Olympics; her teammates, as well as Shannon Miller, were vying for spots on the Olympic team.",
"She qualified for the 2000 National Championships on the balance beam at the 2000 Classic.",
"She withdrew from the first day of nationals and petitioned to go to the trials, but her petition was denied.",
"She decided to retire from gymnastics after sustaining a knee injury.",
"Inducted into the U.S. were awards and achievements.",
"A member of the 1996 U.S. gymnastics team is in the Gymnastics Hall of Fame.",
"She was in the team category when she was in the United States Olympic Hall of Fame.",
"The team received an award from other greats.",
"They made an appearance on the box of Wheaties and were featured in a book.",
"Sagamore of the Wabash is the highest award that an Indiana resident can receive, and the Ohio Governor's Award is another award.",
"Colerain Township proclaimed August 30, 1996 as \"Jaycie Phelps Day\".",
"The street in Cincinnati was renamed in her honor.",
"There is a road on the east side of the city.",
"Jaycie Phelps Athletic was opened by her husband.",
"National results 2000 John Hancock U.S.",
"Gymnastics Championships, St. Louis, 2000 U.S. Classic, and 1996 U.S. Olympic Trials-gymnastics.",
"3rd- AA 1996 Coca-Cola National Championships, Knoxville, Tenn.; 2nd- AA 1996 American Classic/World Championships Trials, Tulsa, Okla.; and 1st- AA 1995 World Team Trials, Austin, Texas.",
"3rd-AA, 4th(t)-UB, 5th-V, 6th-FX 1995 U.S. Classic.",
"1993 Coca-Cola National Championships, Salt Lake City, Utah; 24th- AA.",
"External links 1979 births Living people American female artistic gymnasts Gymnasts at the 1996 Summer Olympics."
] | <mask> (born September 26, 1979 in Greenfield, Indiana, United States) is a retired American Olympic gymnast and member of the 1996 Olympic gold medal U.S. women's gymnastics team, the Magnificent Seven. She is known for her consistency and clean lines in her gymnastics. Personal life
<mask> was born on September 26, 1979, in Indianapolis, Indiana, and grew up in Greenfield, Indiana. She is the daughter of Jack and Cheryl. She has one older brother, Dennis. She was married to 2004 Olympic gymnast Brett McClure in 2005. They have divorced as of 2008.Today, she is the owner and head coach of the Jaycie Phelps Athletic Center in Greenfield, Indiana. In 2014, she married Dave Marus. Gymnastics career
Early years
<mask> <mask> began gymnastics at the age of four at Indiana Gymnast in Greenfield, Indiana, and attended once-a-week practice before doing two-a-week practices and building up from there. At age 11, after progressing to the point where her family felt she could benefit from a new coach, she and her family moved to Scottsdale, Arizona and she trained at Desert Devils Gymnastics for extensive training. She attended the 1993 Junior National Championships, but ended up in 24th place, and wanted to quit altogether. After receiving encouragement from her parents, who wanted her to give it another shot, she went and trained at Cincinnati Gymnastics Academy in Cincinnati, Ohio, training alongside future Olympic teammate, Amanda Borden. Jaycie's father and brother went back to Indiana whilst Jaycie and her mother stayed in Cincinnati.1994
<mask> made her senior debut at the 1994 American Classic in Orlando, Florida, which also served as the trials for the 1994 World Championships. She placed 15th and did not make the team. She attended the 1994 Olympic Festival in St. Louis, Missouri and placed 3rd all-around, plus 5th on balance beam and 6th on floor exercise. At the 1994 U.S. Classic, she placed 3rd in the all-around. She later attended the 1994 Senior National Championships and placed 6th. After doing well and placing 5th in the 1994 World Team Trials in Richmond, Virginia, she was selected to be part of the team to go to the 1994 World Team Championships in Dortmund, Germany, where she won a silver medal. 1995
In 1995, she kicked off the year by competing at the 1995 American Classic in Oakland, California, which also served as the trials for the 1995 Pan American Games.She placed 8th in the all-around, tied for 3rd on the uneven bars, and placed 6th on beam, yet didn't make the team. The year followed with appearances at the Reese's International Gymnastics Cup, McDonald's American Cup, and the International Mixed Pairs. She then rallied at the 1995 Classic, winning 1st in the all-around, uneven bars, balance beam, and floor exercise, and placed 2nd on vault. At the 1995 National Championships, she placed 3rd, behind Dominique Moceanu and Shannon Miller. She was selected at the 1995 World Trials to attend the 1995 World Championships in Sabae, Japan after petitioning in her score at nationals since she injured herself and couldn't compete. She won the bronze medal in the team competition, and qualified for the event final on the uneven bars and placed 8th. 1996
1996 was yet another successful year for <mask>.After strong showings at the American Classic, the 1996 Budget Rent a Car Gymnastics Invitational dual against France, and the 1996 World Championships, she placed 2nd in the all-around at the 1996 National Championships, 0.05 behind Shannon Miller. At the Olympic Trials in Boston, Massachusetts, she placed 1st after day 1. On day 2, she over-rotated her dismount on the balance beam and stumbled into a backward roll, but strong performances on the other apparatus helped her place 3rd all-around, securing a spot on the 1996 US Olympic Women's Gymnastics Team. 1996 Olympic Games
At the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta, Georgia, <mask> competed on all four events in both compulsories and optionals. She was typically first or second up on each apparatus, but her contributions were invaluable. In the compulsories, she had a shaky performance on the beam and fell, but good routines on the bars, floor, and vault helped her team place second behind Russia. In the optionals, she performed solidly, placing high on all four events and contributing to the team's first-ever Olympic gold medal.She also placed 17th in the all-around, but four of her teammates (Shannon Miller, Dominique Dawes, Kerri Strug, and Dominique Moceanu) placed higher than her. Due to the fact that only three gymnasts from each country could perform in the all-around competition, <mask> could not compete in the final. Comeback
In October 1999, <mask> announced for a comeback in hopes of making the 2000 Olympic Games in Sydney. She was not the only gymnast from the Magnificent Seven who announced a comeback for the 2000 Olympics; teammates Dominique Dawes, Dominique Moceanu, Amy Chow, and Shannon Miller were also vying for spots on the Olympic team. At the 2000 Classic, she competed on uneven bars, balance beam, and floor exercise, and qualified for the 2000 National Championships. She competed on day 1 of nationals, but withdrew on day 2 and petitioned to go to the 2000 Olympic Trials, but her petition was denied. Following a knee injury, she ultimately decided to retire from gymnastics.Eponymous skills
Awards and achievements
<mask> was inducted into the U.S. Gymnastics Hall of Fame in 1998 as a member of the 1996 U.S. gymnastics team. In 2008, she was inducted into the United States Olympic Hall of Fame in the team category. The team received their award in Chicago with other Olympic greats. Following their Olympic performance, they also made an appearance on the box of Wheaties and were featured in the book ''The Magnificent Seven." <mask> was awarded Sagamore of the Wabash, which is the highest award bestowed upon an Indiana resident, and the Ohio Governor's Award. Colerain Township proclaimed August 30, 1996 as "Jaycie <mask> Day".A street in Cincinnati, Ohio, was renamed in her honor as <mask> <mask> Drive. And on the east side of Greenfield, Indiana, there is now a road named Jaycie <mask> Road. <mask> opened Jaycie Phelps Athletic with her husband in Greenfield, Indiana. Major results
National results
2000 John Hancock U.S. Gymnastics Championships, St. Louis;
2000 U.S. Classic, Tulsa, Okla.; 14-AA
1996 U.S. Olympic Trials-Gymnastics, Boston, Mass. ; 3rd-AA
1996 Coca-Cola National Championships, Knoxville, Tenn.; 2nd-AA
1996 American Classic/World Championships Trials, Tulsa, Okla.; 1st-AA
1995 World Team Trials, Austin, Texas; 3rd-AA (injured-based on National Championships score only)
1995 Coca-Cola National Championships, New Orleans, La. ; 3rd-AA, 4th(t)-UB, 5th-V, 6th-FX
1995 U.S. Classic, Birmingham, Ala.; 1st-AA, UB, BB & FX, 2nd-V
1995 American Classic/Pan American Games Trials, Oakland, Calif.; 8th-AA, 3rd(t)-UB, 6th-BB
1994 NationsBank World Team Trials, Richmond, Va.; 5th-AA
1994 Coca-Cola National Championships, Nashville, Tenn.; 6th-AA, 5th-UB, BB & FX
1994 U.S. Classic, Palm Springs, Calif.; 3rd-AA
1994 U.S. Olympic Festival, St. Louis, Mo.; 3rd-AA, 4th-Team, 5th-BB, 6th-FX
1994 American Classic/World Championships Trials, Orlando, Fla.; 15th(t)-AA
1993 Coca-Cola National Championships, Salt Lake City, Utah; 24th-AA (jr. division)
1993 U.S. Classic, Austin, Texas; 15th-AA (jr. division)
International results
1996 Olympic Games, Atlanta, Ga.; 1st-Team, 17th-AA (Competition I)
1996 Individual Event World Championships, San Juan, Puerto Rico; 8th-UB, 7th-BB
1996 Budget Rent a Car Gymnastics Invitational USA vs. France, Miami, Fla.; 1st-Team
1995 World Championships, Sabae, Japan; 3rd-Team, 7th-UB
1995 International Mixed Pairs, Seattle, Wash.; 9th-AA (with partner Josh Stein)
1995 McDonald's American Cup, Seattle, Wash.; 12th-AA (prelims. ), 3rd(t)-UB
1995 Reese's International Gymnastics Cup, Portland, Ore.; 7th-BB
1994 Team World Championships, Dortmund, Germany; 2nd-Team
References
External links
1979 births
Living people
American female artistic gymnasts
Gymnasts at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
Originators of elements in artistic gymnastics
People from Greenfield, Indiana
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for the United States in gymnastics
Gymnasts from Indiana
U.S. women's national team gymnasts
21st-century American women | [
"Jaycie Lynn Phelps",
"Jaycie Phelps",
"Jaycie",
"Phelps",
"Phelps",
"Phelps",
"Phelps",
"Phelps",
"Phelps",
"Phelps",
"Phelps",
"Phelps",
"Jaycie",
"Phelps",
"Phelps",
"Phelps"
] | The 1996 Olympic gold medal winning U.S. women's gymnastics team is known as the "Magnificent Seven". She is known for her clean lines in gymnastics. <mask> was born in Indianapolis, Indiana, on September 26, 1979 and grew up in Indiana. Jack and Cheryl have a daughter. Dennis is her older brother. She was married to a gymnast in 2004. They divorced in 2008.She is the owner and head coach of the Jaycie Phelps Athletic Center. She married Dave Marus. At the age of four, <mask> started gymnastics at Indiana Gymnast in Indiana and practiced once a week for two-a-week practices. After progressing to the point where her family felt she could benefit from a new coach, she and her family moved to Arizona and she trained at Desert Devils Gymnastics. She was in 24th place at the 1993 Junior National Championships and wanted to quit. After receiving encouragement from her parents, who wanted her to give it another shot, she went and trained at Cincinnati Gymnastics Academy in Cincinnati, Ohio. While <mask> and her mother stayed in Cincinnati, her father and brother went back to Indiana.The trials for the 1994 World Championships were held at the American Classic in Florida, where she made her senior debut. She did not make the team. She placed 3rd all-around, 5th on balance beam and 6th on floor exercise at the 1994 Olympic Festival. She placed 3rd in the all-around at the 1994 U.S. Classic. She placed 6th at the 1994 Senior National Championships. She was selected to go to the 1994 World Team Championships in Germany, where she won a silver medal, after placing 5th in the 1994 World Team Trials. She competed at the 1995 American Classic in Oakland, California, which was also the trials for the 1995 Pan American Games.She placed 8th in the all-around, tied for 3rd on the bars, and 6th on beam, but didn't make the team. The year ended with appearances at the Reese's International Gymnastics Cup, McDonald's American Cup, and the International Mixed Pairs. She won the all-around, balance beam, floor exercise, and vault at the 1995 Classic. She placed 3rd at the 1995 National Championships. She was selected at the 1995 World Trials to attend the 1995 World Championships after petitioning in her score since she injured herself and couldn't compete. She qualified for the event final on the bars and placed 8th. In 1996 it was another successful year for <mask>.She placed second in the all-around at the 1996 National Championships, 0.05 behind Shannon Miller, after strong showings at the American Classic, Budget Rent a Car Gymnastics Invitation dual against France, and the 1996 World Championships. She placed 1st after the first day of the Olympic trials. On the second day, she over-rotated her dismount on the balance beam and stumbled into a backward roll, but strong performances on the other apparatus helped her place 3rd all-around, securing a spot on the 1996 US Olympic Women's Gymnastics Team. In the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta, Georgia, he competed in all four events in both compulsories and optionals. She was usually first or second on each apparatus. She had a shaky performance on the beam and fell, but good routines on the bars, floor, and vault helped her team place second behind Russia. She contributed to the team's first-ever Olympic gold medal by placing high on all four events in the optionals.She placed 17th in the all-around, but four of her teammates placed higher than her. Due to the fact that only three gymnasts from each country could perform in the all-around competition, <mask> could not compete in the final. In October 1999, it was announced that Michael would be coming back in hopes of making the 2000 Olympic Games. She was not the only gymnast from the Magnificent Seven who decided to come back for the 2000 Olympics; her teammates, as well as Shannon Miller, were vying for spots on the Olympic team. She qualified for the 2000 National Championships on the balance beam at the 2000 Classic. She withdrew from the first day of nationals and petitioned to go to the trials, but her petition was denied. She decided to retire from gymnastics after sustaining a knee injury.Inducted into the U.S. were awards and achievements. A member of the 1996 U.S. gymnastics team is in the Gymnastics Hall of Fame. She was in the team category when she was in the United States Olympic Hall of Fame. The team received an award from other greats. They made an appearance on the box of Wheaties and were featured in a book. Sagamore of the Wabash is the highest award that an Indiana resident can receive, and the Ohio Governor's Award is another award. Colerain Township proclaimed August 30, 1996 as "Jaycie <mask> Day".The street in Cincinnati was renamed in her honor. There is a road on the east side of the city. <mask> <mask> Athletic was opened by her husband. National results 2000 John Hancock U.S. Gymnastics Championships, St. Louis, 2000 U.S. Classic, and 1996 U.S. Olympic Trials-gymnastics. 3rd- AA 1996 Coca-Cola National Championships, Knoxville, Tenn.; 2nd- AA 1996 American Classic/World Championships Trials, Tulsa, Okla.; and 1st- AA 1995 World Team Trials, Austin, Texas. 3rd-AA, 4th(t)-UB, 5th-V, 6th-FX 1995 U.S. Classic.1993 Coca-Cola National Championships, Salt Lake City, Utah; 24th- AA. External links 1979 births Living people American female artistic gymnasts Gymnasts at the 1996 Summer Olympics. | [
"Jaycie",
"Jaycie",
"Jaycie",
"Phelps",
"Phelps",
"Phelps",
"Jaycie",
"Phelps"
] |
25819417 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Sugerman | Andrew Sugerman | Andrew Sugerman is an American film producer. He attended the University of Rochester and subsequently the NYU – Tisch School of the Arts. Andrew began his career in television commercials and educational films in New York, then moved to Los Angeles, where he now resides, to work in theatrical feature films.
Career
Andrew Barry Sugerman has been involved in the production of a diverse range of motion pictures as a producer over the past thirty years. His own production, "Conviction," based on a true story, starring Hilary Swank, Sam Rockwell and Minnie Driver, directed by Tony Goldwyn, was released in October 2010 by Fox Searchlight and received many awards and critical praise.
He also produced "Foster Boy," directed by Youssef Delara, starring Matthew Modine and Lou Gossett Jr., a compelling drama based on a true story about an attorney taking on the issue of child abuse in the foster care system.
He is a producer of the feature film, "Any Day," released in May, 2015, directed by Rustam Branaman, starring Sean Bean, Eva Longoria, Tom Arnold and Kate Walsh.
Mr. Sugerman was recently co-executive producer of the one-hour drama series, "The Divide," for AMC Studios and WEtv, with the pilot written by Richard LaGravenese and directed by Tony Goldwyn, which premiered in July, 2014.
He executive produced the 2011 release, "Judy Moody and the Not Bummer Summer," based on the best-selling children's book series and starring Heather Graham, directed by John Schultz. Released in 2013 is "Crazy Kind of Love," which he executive produced, starring Virginia Madsen, Anthony LaPaglia, Zach Gilford and Eva Longoria, directed by Sarah Siegel-Magness.
Over the last few years he executive produced "Death Sentence", starring Kevin Bacon, directed by James Wan, released by Twentieth Century Fox, and the thriller "Premonition" with Sandra Bullock, which was a highly successful release from Sony Tristar. He also executive produced "Shopgirl," which has been released by Disney, starring Steve Martin, Claire Danes and Jason Schwartzman, directed by Anand Tucker, as well as the comedy "Grilled" for New Line Cinema, starring Ray Romano and Kevin James, directed by Jason Ensler.
In 2006 he executive produced the hit family road-trip comedy "Johnson Family Vacation" starring Cedric the Entertainer, Vanessa Williams and Bow Wow, for Fox Searchlight. Mr. Sugerman produced Walter Hill's boxing drama "Undisputed," starring Wesley Snipes, Ving Rhames and Peter Falk, released by Miramax. He also produced the comedy "Boat Trip," starring Cuba Gooding Jr., Roger Moore, Vivica A. Fox and Will Ferrell, released by Artisan.
He served as line producer on the caper comedy "The Whole Ten Yards," starring Bruce Willis, Matthew Perry and Amanda Peet, directed by Howard Deutch, released by Warner Bros, which followed the action-thriller "Ballistic: Ecks vs. Sever," starring Antonio Banderas and Lucy Liu, directed by Kaos, also from Warners. He also line produced the drama "Prozac Nation," based on the Elizabeth Wurtzel novel, starring Christina Ricci, Jessica Lange, Anne Heche, Jonathan Rhys-Meyers and Jason Biggs, directed by Erik Skoldbjaerg, released by Miramax.
Mr. Sugerman's extensive line producing credits also include "The Prophet's Game," starring Dennis Hopper, Stephanie Zimbalist and Sondra Locke; "Kimberly," starring Gabrielle Anwar, Sean Astin, Molly Ringwald, Patty Duke and Lainie Kazan; "The Sterling Chase," starring Alanna Ubach, Jack Noseworthy and Nicholle Tom; "Michael Angel" starring Dennis Hopper and Richard Greico, "Blue Motel," starring Sean Young, Soleil Moon Frye and Robert Vaughn; and "Spiders" starring Lana Perillo and Josh Green.
He also executive produced "Love Kills," starring Mario Van Peebles, Leslie Ann Warren, Daniel Baldwin and Louise Fletcher. As a producer and executive producer, Mr. Sugerman's credits also include "McCinsey's Island," "Mercy Street," "Somebody Is Waiting," "Savate," "Spilt Milk" and "Deadly Rivals," among others.
Additionally an accomplished director and writer, Mr. Sugerman shared the writing credit for the story of the NBC Family Special, "A Place at the Table," starring Danny Glover and Lukas Haas; and he directed the feature film comedy "Basic Training," starring Ann Dusenberry and Marty Brill.
His television credits include producing the movie thriller, "Payoff," starring Keith Carradine and Harry Dean Stanton, for Showtime; and the feature comedy "Working Trash," starring Ben Stiller and George Carlin, directed by Alan Metter, for Fox Network. Further TV credits include executive producing the special "The Bulkin Trail," starring David Hasselhoff, and producing and directing "The Hayburners." He also produced and directed "Mandy's Grandmother," starring Maureen O'Sullivan, which was released theatrically and garnered an Academy Award nomination.
Mr. Sugerman is a member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, The Producers Guild of America and the Directors Guild of America.
Filmography (producer)
Films
"You Are My Home" Producer (2020)
Home Executive Producer (2020)
Wild Daze Executive Producer (2020)
"Foster Boy" Producer (2019)
"Any Day" Producer (2015)
Crazy Kind of Love Executive Producer (2012)
Judy Moody and the Not Bummer Summer Executive Producer (2011)
"Long Time Gone" Executive Producer (2011)
Conviction Producer (2009)
Death Sentence Executive Producer.(2006)
Premonition Executive Producer.(2006)
Grilled Executive Producer (2005)
Shopgirl Executive Producer (2004)
Johnson Family Vacation Executive Producer (2003)
The Whole Ten Yards Line Producer (2003)
Ballistic: Ecks vs. Sever Line Producer (2002)
Boat Trip Producer (2002)
Undisputed Producer (2001)
Prozac Nation Line Producer (2000)
Spiders Line Producer (1999)
The Prophet's Game Line Producer (1999)
Kimberly Line Producer (1998)
The Sterling Chase Line Producer (1998)
The Apostate''' Line Producer (1998)Love Kills Executive Producer (1998)Blue Motel Line Producer (1997)McCinsey's Island Supervising Producer / Line Producer (1997)Mercy Street Executive Producer (1997)Somebody is Waiting Consulting Producer (1996)Savate Supervising Producer (1994)Spilt Milk Producer (1995)Deadly Rivals Executive Producer (1993)Payoff Producer (1993)Working Trash Producer (1990)In Gold We Trust Finance Executive (1989)
Filmography (director)
FilmsBasic Training: Director.(1985)
Television
PilotsCash America: Executive Producer.(1990)
Television specials
The Bulkin Trail: Executive Producer.(1992)The Hayburners: Producer and Director. (1981)
Drama
"The Divide" (TV Series) Executive Producer (2014- )Mandy's Grandmother:'' Producer and Director (1980)
References
https://web.archive.org/web/20080107013429/http://www.variety.com/profiles/people/main/51956/Andrew%20Sugerman.html?dataSet=1
https://www.variety.com/article/VR1117993140.html?categoryid=13&cs=1&query=andrew+sugerman
External links
http://www.pantheonentertainment.com
People from Morristown, New Jersey
Living people
University of Rochester alumni
Tisch School of the Arts alumni
American film producers
Year of birth missing (living people) | [
"Andrew Sugerman is an American film producer.",
"He attended the University of Rochester and subsequently the NYU – Tisch School of the Arts.",
"Andrew began his career in television commercials and educational films in New York, then moved to Los Angeles, where he now resides, to work in theatrical feature films.",
"Career\nAndrew Barry Sugerman has been involved in the production of a diverse range of motion pictures as a producer over the past thirty years.",
"His own production, \"Conviction,\" based on a true story, starring Hilary Swank, Sam Rockwell and Minnie Driver, directed by Tony Goldwyn, was released in October 2010 by Fox Searchlight and received many awards and critical praise.",
"He also produced \"Foster Boy,\" directed by Youssef Delara, starring Matthew Modine and Lou Gossett Jr., a compelling drama based on a true story about an attorney taking on the issue of child abuse in the foster care system.",
"He is a producer of the feature film, \"Any Day,\" released in May, 2015, directed by Rustam Branaman, starring Sean Bean, Eva Longoria, Tom Arnold and Kate Walsh.",
"Mr. Sugerman was recently co-executive producer of the one-hour drama series, \"The Divide,\" for AMC Studios and WEtv, with the pilot written by Richard LaGravenese and directed by Tony Goldwyn, which premiered in July, 2014.",
"He executive produced the 2011 release, \"Judy Moody and the Not Bummer Summer,\" based on the best-selling children's book series and starring Heather Graham, directed by John Schultz.",
"Released in 2013 is \"Crazy Kind of Love,\" which he executive produced, starring Virginia Madsen, Anthony LaPaglia, Zach Gilford and Eva Longoria, directed by Sarah Siegel-Magness.",
"Over the last few years he executive produced \"Death Sentence\", starring Kevin Bacon, directed by James Wan, released by Twentieth Century Fox, and the thriller \"Premonition\" with Sandra Bullock, which was a highly successful release from Sony Tristar.",
"He also executive produced \"Shopgirl,\" which has been released by Disney, starring Steve Martin, Claire Danes and Jason Schwartzman, directed by Anand Tucker, as well as the comedy \"Grilled\" for New Line Cinema, starring Ray Romano and Kevin James, directed by Jason Ensler.",
"In 2006 he executive produced the hit family road-trip comedy \"Johnson Family Vacation\" starring Cedric the Entertainer, Vanessa Williams and Bow Wow, for Fox Searchlight.",
"Mr. Sugerman produced Walter Hill's boxing drama \"Undisputed,\" starring Wesley Snipes, Ving Rhames and Peter Falk, released by Miramax.",
"He also produced the comedy \"Boat Trip,\" starring Cuba Gooding Jr., Roger Moore, Vivica A.",
"Fox and Will Ferrell, released by Artisan.",
"He served as line producer on the caper comedy \"The Whole Ten Yards,\" starring Bruce Willis, Matthew Perry and Amanda Peet, directed by Howard Deutch, released by Warner Bros, which followed the action-thriller \"Ballistic: Ecks vs.",
"Sever,\" starring Antonio Banderas and Lucy Liu, directed by Kaos, also from Warners.",
"He also line produced the drama \"Prozac Nation,\" based on the Elizabeth Wurtzel novel, starring Christina Ricci, Jessica Lange, Anne Heche, Jonathan Rhys-Meyers and Jason Biggs, directed by Erik Skoldbjaerg, released by Miramax.",
"Mr. Sugerman's extensive line producing credits also include \"The Prophet's Game,\" starring Dennis Hopper, Stephanie Zimbalist and Sondra Locke; \"Kimberly,\" starring Gabrielle Anwar, Sean Astin, Molly Ringwald, Patty Duke and Lainie Kazan; \"The Sterling Chase,\" starring Alanna Ubach, Jack Noseworthy and Nicholle Tom; \"Michael Angel\" starring Dennis Hopper and Richard Greico, \"Blue Motel,\" starring Sean Young, Soleil Moon Frye and Robert Vaughn; and \"Spiders\" starring Lana Perillo and Josh Green.",
"He also executive produced \"Love Kills,\" starring Mario Van Peebles, Leslie Ann Warren, Daniel Baldwin and Louise Fletcher.",
"As a producer and executive producer, Mr. Sugerman's credits also include \"McCinsey's Island,\" \"Mercy Street,\" \"Somebody Is Waiting,\" \"Savate,\" \"Spilt Milk\" and \"Deadly Rivals,\" among others.",
"Additionally an accomplished director and writer, Mr. Sugerman shared the writing credit for the story of the NBC Family Special, \"A Place at the Table,\" starring Danny Glover and Lukas Haas; and he directed the feature film comedy \"Basic Training,\" starring Ann Dusenberry and Marty Brill.",
"His television credits include producing the movie thriller, \"Payoff,\" starring Keith Carradine and Harry Dean Stanton, for Showtime; and the feature comedy \"Working Trash,\" starring Ben Stiller and George Carlin, directed by Alan Metter, for Fox Network.",
"Further TV credits include executive producing the special \"The Bulkin Trail,\" starring David Hasselhoff, and producing and directing \"The Hayburners.\"",
"He also produced and directed \"Mandy's Grandmother,\" starring Maureen O'Sullivan, which was released theatrically and garnered an Academy Award nomination.",
"Mr. Sugerman is a member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, The Producers Guild of America and the Directors Guild of America.",
"Filmography (producer)\n\nFilms\n\"You Are My Home\" Producer (2020)\nHome Executive Producer (2020)\nWild Daze Executive Producer (2020)\n\"Foster Boy\" Producer (2019)\n\"Any Day\" Producer (2015)\nCrazy Kind of Love Executive Producer (2012)\nJudy Moody and the Not Bummer Summer Executive Producer (2011)\n\"Long Time Gone\" Executive Producer (2011)\nConviction Producer (2009)\nDeath Sentence Executive Producer.",
"(2006)\nPremonition Executive Producer.",
"(2006)\nGrilled Executive Producer (2005)\nShopgirl Executive Producer (2004)\nJohnson Family Vacation Executive Producer (2003)\nThe Whole Ten Yards Line Producer (2003)\nBallistic: Ecks vs.",
"Sever Line Producer (2002)\nBoat Trip Producer (2002)\nUndisputed Producer (2001)\nProzac Nation Line Producer (2000)\nSpiders Line Producer (1999)\nThe Prophet's Game Line Producer (1999)\nKimberly Line Producer (1998)\nThe Sterling Chase Line Producer (1998)\nThe Apostate''' Line Producer (1998)Love Kills Executive Producer (1998)Blue Motel Line Producer (1997)McCinsey's Island Supervising Producer / Line Producer (1997)Mercy Street Executive Producer (1997)Somebody is Waiting Consulting Producer (1996)Savate Supervising Producer (1994)Spilt Milk Producer (1995)Deadly Rivals Executive Producer (1993)Payoff Producer (1993)Working Trash Producer (1990)In Gold We Trust Finance Executive (1989)\n\nFilmography (director)\n\nFilmsBasic Training: Director.",
"(1985)\n\nTelevision\n\nPilotsCash America: Executive Producer.",
"(1990)\n\nTelevision specials\nThe Bulkin Trail: Executive Producer.",
"(1992)The Hayburners: Producer and Director.",
"(1981)\n\nDrama\n\"The Divide\" (TV Series) Executive Producer (2014- )Mandy's Grandmother:'' Producer and Director (1980)\n\nReferences\n\n \nhttps://web.archive.org/web/20080107013429/http://www.variety.com/profiles/people/main/51956/Andrew%20Sugerman.html?dataSet=1\nhttps://www.variety.com/article/VR1117993140.html?categoryid=13&cs=1&query=andrew+sugerman\n\nExternal links\n http://www.pantheonentertainment.com\n\nPeople from Morristown, New Jersey\nLiving people\nUniversity of Rochester alumni\nTisch School of the Arts alumni\nAmerican film producers\nYear of birth missing (living people)"
] | [
"Andrew Sugerman is a film producer.",
"He attended the University of Rochester and NYU's Tisch School of the Arts.",
"After working in commercials and educational films in New York, Andrew moved to Los Angeles to work in feature films.",
"Over the past thirty years, Andrew Barry Sugerman has been involved in the production of a variety of motion pictures.",
"His own production, \"Conviction,\" based on a true story, starring Hilary Swank, Sam Rockwell and Minnie Driver, was released in October 2010 by Fox Searchlight and received many awards and critical praise.",
"\"Foster Boy\" is a compelling drama based on a true story about an attorney taking on the issue of child abuse in the foster care system.",
"He is a producer of the film \"Any Day,\" which starred Sean Bean, Eva Longoria, Tom Arnold and Kate Walsh.",
"The one-hour drama series, \"The Divide,\" was co-executive produced by Mr. Sugerman and written by Richard LaGravenese and directed by Tony Goldwyn.",
"\"Judy Moody and the Not Bummer Summer,\" based on the best-selling children's book series, was executive produced by him.",
"\"Crazy Kind of Love,\" which he executive produced, was directed by Sarah Siegel-Magness.",
"\"Death Sentence\", directed by James Wan, was released by Twentieth Century Fox and \"Premonition\", directed by James Wan, was released by Sony Tristar.",
"\"Grilled\" for New Line Cinema and \"Shopgirl\" for Disney have both been executive produced by him.",
"The hit family road-trip comedy \"Johnson Family Vacation\" was executive produced by him in 2006 for Fox Searchlight.",
"Walter Hill's boxing drama \"Undisputed\" was produced by Mr. Sugerman.",
"Cuba Gooding Jr. and Roger Moore were in the comedy \"Boat Trip.\"",
"Fox and Will Ferrell were released.",
"He was a line producer on the caper comedy \"The Whole Ten Yards,\" which was directed by Howard Deutch.",
"The movie was directed by Kaos from Warners.",
"The drama \"Prozac Nation,\" starring Christina Ricci, Jessica Lange, Anne Heche, Jonathan Rhys-Meyers and others, was released by Miramax.",
"\"The Prophet's Game,\" starring Dennis Hopper and Sondra Locke, is one of Mr. Sugerman's line producing credits.",
"\"Love Kills\" was executive produced by him.",
"Mr. Sugerman's credits include \"McCinsey's Island,\" \"Mercy Street,\" \"Somebody Is Waiting,\" \"Savate,\" \"Spilt Milk\" and \"Deadly Rivals.\"",
"The NBC Family Special, \"A Place at the Table,\" and the feature film comedy \"Basic Training\" were both directed by Mr. Sugerman.",
"His television credits include producing the movie thrillers \"Payoff\" and \"Working Trash\" which starred Ben Stiller and George Carlin.",
"Further TV credits include producing and directing \"The Hayburners\" and \"The Bulkin Trail.\"",
"He directed and produced \"Mandy's Grandmother,\" which was nominated for an Academy Award.",
"Mr. Sugerman has memberships in the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, The Producers Guild of America and the Directors Guild of America.",
"\"You Are My Home\" Producer, Home Executive Producer, Wild Daze Executive Producer, \"Foster Boy\" Producer, \"Any Day\" Producer, Judy Moody and the Not Bummer Summer Executive Producer, and \"Crazy Kind of Love\" Executive Producer.",
"Premonition is an executive producer.",
"The Whole Ten Yards Line Producer was produced by the Johnson Family.",
"The Prophet's Game Line Producer is a line producer.",
"Cash America was an executive producer.",
"The Bulkin Trail was an executive producer.",
"The Hayburners has a producer and a director.",
"The producer and director of \"The Divide\" are mentioned."
] | <mask> is an American film producer. He attended the University of Rochester and subsequently the NYU – Tisch School of the Arts. <mask> began his career in television commercials and educational films in New York, then moved to Los Angeles, where he now resides, to work in theatrical feature films. Career
<mask>man has been involved in the production of a diverse range of motion pictures as a producer over the past thirty years. His own production, "Conviction," based on a true story, starring Hilary Swank, Sam Rockwell and Minnie Driver, directed by Tony Goldwyn, was released in October 2010 by Fox Searchlight and received many awards and critical praise. He also produced "Foster Boy," directed by Youssef Delara, starring Matthew Modine and Lou Gossett Jr., a compelling drama based on a true story about an attorney taking on the issue of child abuse in the foster care system. He is a producer of the feature film, "Any Day," released in May, 2015, directed by Rustam Branaman, starring Sean Bean, Eva Longoria, Tom Arnold and Kate Walsh.Mr. Sugerman was recently co-executive producer of the one-hour drama series, "The Divide," for AMC Studios and WEtv, with the pilot written by Richard LaGravenese and directed by Tony Goldwyn, which premiered in July, 2014. He executive produced the 2011 release, "Judy Moody and the Not Bummer Summer," based on the best-selling children's book series and starring Heather Graham, directed by John Schultz. Released in 2013 is "Crazy Kind of Love," which he executive produced, starring Virginia Madsen, Anthony LaPaglia, Zach Gilford and Eva Longoria, directed by Sarah Siegel-Magness. Over the last few years he executive produced "Death Sentence", starring Kevin Bacon, directed by James Wan, released by Twentieth Century Fox, and the thriller "Premonition" with Sandra Bullock, which was a highly successful release from Sony Tristar. He also executive produced "Shopgirl," which has been released by Disney, starring Steve Martin, Claire Danes and Jason Schwartzman, directed by Anand Tucker, as well as the comedy "Grilled" for New Line Cinema, starring Ray Romano and Kevin James, directed by Jason Ensler. In 2006 he executive produced the hit family road-trip comedy "Johnson Family Vacation" starring Cedric the Entertainer, Vanessa Williams and Bow Wow, for Fox Searchlight. Mr. Sugerman produced Walter Hill's boxing drama "Undisputed," starring Wesley Snipes, Ving Rhames and Peter Falk, released by Miramax.He also produced the comedy "Boat Trip," starring Cuba Gooding Jr., Roger Moore, Vivica A. Fox and Will Ferrell, released by Artisan. He served as line producer on the caper comedy "The Whole Ten Yards," starring Bruce Willis, Matthew Perry and Amanda Peet, directed by Howard Deutch, released by Warner Bros, which followed the action-thriller "Ballistic: Ecks vs. Sever," starring Antonio Banderas and Lucy Liu, directed by Kaos, also from Warners. He also line produced the drama "Prozac Nation," based on the Elizabeth Wurtzel novel, starring Christina Ricci, Jessica Lange, Anne Heche, Jonathan Rhys-Meyers and Jason Biggs, directed by Erik Skoldbjaerg, released by Miramax. Mr. Sugerman's extensive line producing credits also include "The Prophet's Game," starring Dennis Hopper, Stephanie Zimbalist and Sondra Locke; "Kimberly," starring Gabrielle Anwar, Sean Astin, Molly Ringwald, Patty Duke and Lainie Kazan; "The Sterling Chase," starring Alanna Ubach, Jack Noseworthy and Nicholle Tom; "Michael Angel" starring Dennis Hopper and Richard Greico, "Blue Motel," starring Sean Young, Soleil Moon Frye and Robert Vaughn; and "Spiders" starring Lana Perillo and Josh Green. He also executive produced "Love Kills," starring Mario Van Peebles, Leslie Ann Warren, Daniel Baldwin and Louise Fletcher.As a producer and executive producer, Mr. Sugerman's credits also include "McCinsey's Island," "Mercy Street," "Somebody Is Waiting," "Savate," "Spilt Milk" and "Deadly Rivals," among others. Additionally an accomplished director and writer, Mr. Sugerman shared the writing credit for the story of the NBC Family Special, "A Place at the Table," starring Danny Glover and Lukas Haas; and he directed the feature film comedy "Basic Training," starring Ann Dusenberry and Marty Brill. His television credits include producing the movie thriller, "Payoff," starring Keith Carradine and Harry Dean Stanton, for Showtime; and the feature comedy "Working Trash," starring Ben Stiller and George Carlin, directed by Alan Metter, for Fox Network. Further TV credits include executive producing the special "The Bulkin Trail," starring David Hasselhoff, and producing and directing "The Hayburners." He also produced and directed "Mandy's Grandmother," starring Maureen O'Sullivan, which was released theatrically and garnered an Academy Award nomination. Mr. Sugerman is a member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, The Producers Guild of America and the Directors Guild of America. Filmography (producer)
Films
"You Are My Home" Producer (2020)
Home Executive Producer (2020)
Wild Daze Executive Producer (2020)
"Foster Boy" Producer (2019)
"Any Day" Producer (2015)
Crazy Kind of Love Executive Producer (2012)
Judy Moody and the Not Bummer Summer Executive Producer (2011)
"Long Time Gone" Executive Producer (2011)
Conviction Producer (2009)
Death Sentence Executive Producer.(2006)
Premonition Executive Producer. (2006)
Grilled Executive Producer (2005)
Shopgirl Executive Producer (2004)
Johnson Family Vacation Executive Producer (2003)
The Whole Ten Yards Line Producer (2003)
Ballistic: Ecks vs. Sever Line Producer (2002)
Boat Trip Producer (2002)
Undisputed Producer (2001)
Prozac Nation Line Producer (2000)
Spiders Line Producer (1999)
The Prophet's Game Line Producer (1999)
Kimberly Line Producer (1998)
The Sterling Chase Line Producer (1998)
The Apostate''' Line Producer (1998)Love Kills Executive Producer (1998)Blue Motel Line Producer (1997)McCinsey's Island Supervising Producer / Line Producer (1997)Mercy Street Executive Producer (1997)Somebody is Waiting Consulting Producer (1996)Savate Supervising Producer (1994)Spilt Milk Producer (1995)Deadly Rivals Executive Producer (1993)Payoff Producer (1993)Working Trash Producer (1990)In Gold We Trust Finance Executive (1989)
Filmography (director)
FilmsBasic Training: Director. (1985)
Television
PilotsCash America: Executive Producer. (1990)
Television specials
The Bulkin Trail: Executive Producer. (1992)The Hayburners: Producer and Director. (1981)
Drama
"The Divide" (TV Series) Executive Producer (2014- )Mandy's Grandmother:'' Producer and Director (1980)
References
https://web.archive.org/web/20080107013429/http://www.variety.com/profiles/people/main/51956/Andrew%20Sugerman.html?dataSet=1
https://www.variety.com/article/VR1117993140.html?categoryid=13&cs=1&query=andrew+sugerman
External links
http://www.pantheonentertainment.com
People from Morristown, New Jersey
Living people
University of Rochester alumni
Tisch School of the Arts alumni
American film producers
Year of birth missing (living people) | [
"Andrew Sugerman",
"Andrew",
"Andrew Barry Suger"
] | <mask> is a film producer. He attended the University of Rochester and NYU's Tisch School of the Arts. After working in commercials and educational films in New York, <mask> moved to Los Angeles to work in feature films. Over the past thirty years, <mask> has been involved in the production of a variety of motion pictures. His own production, "Conviction," based on a true story, starring Hilary Swank, Sam Rockwell and Minnie Driver, was released in October 2010 by Fox Searchlight and received many awards and critical praise. "Foster Boy" is a compelling drama based on a true story about an attorney taking on the issue of child abuse in the foster care system. He is a producer of the film "Any Day," which starred Sean Bean, Eva Longoria, Tom Arnold and Kate Walsh.The one-hour drama series, "The Divide," was co-executive produced by Mr. Sugerman and written by Richard LaGravenese and directed by Tony Goldwyn. "Judy Moody and the Not Bummer Summer," based on the best-selling children's book series, was executive produced by him. "Crazy Kind of Love," which he executive produced, was directed by Sarah Siegel-Magness. "Death Sentence", directed by James Wan, was released by Twentieth Century Fox and "Premonition", directed by James Wan, was released by Sony Tristar. "Grilled" for New Line Cinema and "Shopgirl" for Disney have both been executive produced by him. The hit family road-trip comedy "Johnson Family Vacation" was executive produced by him in 2006 for Fox Searchlight. Walter Hill's boxing drama "Undisputed" was produced by Mr. Sugerman.Cuba Gooding Jr. and Roger Moore were in the comedy "Boat Trip." Fox and Will Ferrell were released. He was a line producer on the caper comedy "The Whole Ten Yards," which was directed by Howard Deutch. The movie was directed by Kaos from Warners. The drama "Prozac Nation," starring Christina Ricci, Jessica Lange, Anne Heche, Jonathan Rhys-Meyers and others, was released by Miramax. "The Prophet's Game," starring Dennis Hopper and Sondra Locke, is one of Mr. Sugerman's line producing credits. "Love Kills" was executive produced by him.Mr. Sugerman's credits include "McCinsey's Island," "Mercy Street," "Somebody Is Waiting," "Savate," "Spilt Milk" and "Deadly Rivals." The NBC Family Special, "A Place at the Table," and the feature film comedy "Basic Training" were both directed by Mr. Sugerman. His television credits include producing the movie thrillers "Payoff" and "Working Trash" which starred Ben Stiller and George Carlin. Further TV credits include producing and directing "The Hayburners" and "The Bulkin Trail." He directed and produced "Mandy's Grandmother," which was nominated for an Academy Award. Mr. Sugerman has memberships in the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, The Producers Guild of America and the Directors Guild of America. "You Are My Home" Producer, Home Executive Producer, Wild Daze Executive Producer, "Foster Boy" Producer, "Any Day" Producer, Judy Moody and the Not Bummer Summer Executive Producer, and "Crazy Kind of Love" Executive Producer.Premonition is an executive producer. The Whole Ten Yards Line Producer was produced by the Johnson Family. The Prophet's Game Line Producer is a line producer. Cash America was an executive producer. The Bulkin Trail was an executive producer. The Hayburners has a producer and a director. The producer and director of "The Divide" are mentioned. | [
"Andrew Sugerman",
"Andrew",
"Andrew Barry Sugerman"
] |
1216205 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane%20Goldman | Jane Goldman | Jane Loretta Anne Goldman (born 11 June 1970) is an English screenwriter, author and producer. With Matthew Vaughn, she co-wrote the screenplays of Kingsman: The Secret Service (2014) and its sequel Kingsman: The Golden Circle (2017), as well as X-Men: First Class (2011), Kick-Ass (2010) and Stardust (2007). Goldman also worked on the story of X-Men: Days of Future Past (2014), the sequel to First Class, in partnership with Vaughn. Both met high critical praise for their partnership works.
Goldman's first solo screenplay was The Woman in Black (2012). She also wrote the script for Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children, a 2016 film adaption of the novel, for Tim Burton.
She has also written the books Dreamworld (2000) and The X-Files Book of the Unexplained (1997), and presented her own TV series on the paranormal, Jane Goldman Investigates, on the channel Living, in 2003 and 2004.
Early life
Goldman was raised in a liberal, middle-class family in north London, the only child of a Jewish father and a Buddhist mother. She attended the King Alfred School, an independent school in Hampstead, until the age of 15 before moving to the United States to follow Boy George on tour. Upon her return to the UK, she took a job as an entertainment reporter with the Daily Star. When she was 16, she met TV presenter Jonathan Ross. They married in 1988, when Goldman was 18 years old. The couple have three children: two daughters and a son.
Professional career
Journalism, books and TV
As a journalist, Goldman worked on newspapers and magazines such as Just Seventeen, Cosmopolitan, The Times, Evening Standard, Zero, Daily Star, Total Guitar, Game Zone and Sega Zone. At the age of 19, she became a freelance writer.
Goldman also wrote books: Thirteen-Something (1993), Streetsmarts: A Teenager's Safety Guide (1996), Sussed and Streetwise (1997), the two-volume best-selling series The X-Files Book of the Unexplained (1997), her first and only novel Dreamworld (2000) and Do the Right Thing (2007).
Between 2003 and 2004 she had her own television series. Jane Goldman Investigates researched the paranormal and was transmitted by channel Living between 2003 and 2004. Goldman is also in the production teams of a number of TV shows, such as The Big Fat Quiz of the Year.
Screenwriting and partnership with Matthew Vaughn
She made the jump to screenwriting, and was part of the writing team for David Baddiel's short-lived sitcom Baddiel's Syndrome, in 2001. Later, she co-wrote the screenplay of Stardust (2007), based on the novel of the same name by Neil Gaiman and directed by Matthew Vaughn. Gaiman introduced Goldman to Vaughn to provide the director some help with the adaptation process. The film received many accolades and gave the screenwriters a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, Long Form.
After Stardust, Goldman became a frequent collaborator with director Matthew Vaughn, co-writing his next films, the comic-book adaptations Kick-Ass (2010) and X-Men: First Class (2011). Both films won strong praise amongst film critics. Kick-Ass enjoys a cult following and X-Men: First Class is considered by many critics to be one of the best of all X-Men films. Rotten Tomatoes consensus says: "With a strong script, stylish direction, and powerful performances from its well-rounded cast, X-Men: First Class is a welcome return to form for the franchise."
She continued to work in adaptations, and was also a co-writer with Vaughn and Peter Straughan for the 2011 drama-thriller The Debt, which was based on the 2007 Israeli film HaHov and directed by John Madden. Goldman also adapted for Hammer The Woman in Black, based on Susan Hill's horror novel. This film was directed by James Watkins and it is the first solo screenplay by Goldman. It was released in 2012 and met positive reviews. In March 2013, The Woman in Black won the Empire Award for Best Horror.
She is credited on X-Men: Days of Future Past, the sequel to First Class, as writing the story with Matthew Vaughn and Simon Kinberg.
With Vaughn, Goldman co-wrote the script for Kingsman: The Secret Service (2015), based on the comic book by Mark Millar and Dave Gibbons. She wrote the script for Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children, an adaptation of the Ransom Riggs novel of the same name, which was directed by Tim Burton.
Upcoming projects
Goldman is attached to various upcoming projects, including Nonplayer, an adaptation of the sci-fi comic book by Nate Simpson for Warner Bros.; and a rewrite of the Pinocchio screenplay originally written by Bryan Fuller, She is also involved in adaptation of Anubis, based on a science-fiction/comedy short story by Paul Murray. On 6 December 2017, it was announced Goldman would write a screenplay for Disney's live-action adaptation of The Little Mermaid with Rob Marshall being eyed to direct.
In May 2017, HBO announced Goldman was one of four writers working on a potential pilot for a Game of Thrones spin-off. In addition to Goldman, Carly Wray, Max Borenstein, and Brian Helgeland were also working on potential pilots. Goldman has been working and communicating with George R. R. Martin, the author of A Song of Ice and Fire, the series of novels upon which the original series is based. Game of Thrones showrunners D. B. Weiss and David Benioff would also be executive producers for whichever project is picked up by HBO. In June 2018, it was confirmed that Goldman's pilot had been greenlit by HBO, and would focus on "the world's descent from the golden Age of Heroes into its darkest hour", thousands of years before the events of Game of Thrones. In late October 2019, it was announced that HBO would not be moving forward with the pilot.
Goldman co-wrote the 2020 adaptation of Daphne du Maurier's Gothic romance Rebecca, directed by Ben Wheatley.
In popular culture
Alongside her husband, broadcaster Jonathan Ross, Goldman appeared as a character in Neil Gaiman's short story The Facts in the Case of the Departure of Miss Finch in 1996. Gaiman is a personal friend of the couple.
Filmography
Writing credits
Stardust (2007)
Kick-Ass (2010)
The Debt (2010)
James Bond Supports International Women's Day (2011)
X-Men: First Class (2011)
The Woman in Black (2012)
X-Men: Days of Future Past (2014) (Story only)
Kingsman: The Secret Service (2015)
Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children (2016)
The Limehouse Golem (2016) (Also executive producer}
Kingsman: The Golden Circle (2017)
Rebecca (2020)
The Little Mermaid (2023)
Television
Bibliography
References
External links
1970 births
Living people
21st-century English women writers
English female models
English people of Jewish descent
English screenwriters
English television presenters
English television producers
English women journalists
English women novelists
English writers on paranormal topics
People from Hammersmith
British women screenwriters
Women science fiction and fantasy writers
English women non-fiction writers
British women television producers
British television producers
Ross family
21st-century British screenwriters | [
"Jane Loretta Anne Goldman (born 11 June 1970) is an English screenwriter, author and producer.",
"With Matthew Vaughn, she co-wrote the screenplays of Kingsman: The Secret Service (2014) and its sequel Kingsman: The Golden Circle (2017), as well as X-Men: First Class (2011), Kick-Ass (2010) and Stardust (2007).",
"Goldman also worked on the story of X-Men: Days of Future Past (2014), the sequel to First Class, in partnership with Vaughn.",
"Both met high critical praise for their partnership works.",
"Goldman's first solo screenplay was The Woman in Black (2012).",
"She also wrote the script for Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children, a 2016 film adaption of the novel, for Tim Burton.",
"She has also written the books Dreamworld (2000) and The X-Files Book of the Unexplained (1997), and presented her own TV series on the paranormal, Jane Goldman Investigates, on the channel Living, in 2003 and 2004.",
"Early life\nGoldman was raised in a liberal, middle-class family in north London, the only child of a Jewish father and a Buddhist mother.",
"She attended the King Alfred School, an independent school in Hampstead, until the age of 15 before moving to the United States to follow Boy George on tour.",
"Upon her return to the UK, she took a job as an entertainment reporter with the Daily Star.",
"When she was 16, she met TV presenter Jonathan Ross.",
"They married in 1988, when Goldman was 18 years old.",
"The couple have three children: two daughters and a son.",
"Professional career\n\nJournalism, books and TV\nAs a journalist, Goldman worked on newspapers and magazines such as Just Seventeen, Cosmopolitan, The Times, Evening Standard, Zero, Daily Star, Total Guitar, Game Zone and Sega Zone.",
"At the age of 19, she became a freelance writer.",
"Goldman also wrote books: Thirteen-Something (1993), Streetsmarts: A Teenager's Safety Guide (1996), Sussed and Streetwise (1997), the two-volume best-selling series The X-Files Book of the Unexplained (1997), her first and only novel Dreamworld (2000) and Do the Right Thing (2007).",
"Between 2003 and 2004 she had her own television series.",
"Jane Goldman Investigates researched the paranormal and was transmitted by channel Living between 2003 and 2004.",
"Goldman is also in the production teams of a number of TV shows, such as The Big Fat Quiz of the Year.",
"Screenwriting and partnership with Matthew Vaughn\nShe made the jump to screenwriting, and was part of the writing team for David Baddiel's short-lived sitcom Baddiel's Syndrome, in 2001.",
"Later, she co-wrote the screenplay of Stardust (2007), based on the novel of the same name by Neil Gaiman and directed by Matthew Vaughn.",
"Gaiman introduced Goldman to Vaughn to provide the director some help with the adaptation process.",
"The film received many accolades and gave the screenwriters a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, Long Form.",
"After Stardust, Goldman became a frequent collaborator with director Matthew Vaughn, co-writing his next films, the comic-book adaptations Kick-Ass (2010) and X-Men: First Class (2011).",
"Both films won strong praise amongst film critics.",
"Kick-Ass enjoys a cult following and X-Men: First Class is considered by many critics to be one of the best of all X-Men films.",
"Rotten Tomatoes consensus says: \"With a strong script, stylish direction, and powerful performances from its well-rounded cast, X-Men: First Class is a welcome return to form for the franchise.\"",
"She continued to work in adaptations, and was also a co-writer with Vaughn and Peter Straughan for the 2011 drama-thriller The Debt, which was based on the 2007 Israeli film HaHov and directed by John Madden.",
"Goldman also adapted for Hammer The Woman in Black, based on Susan Hill's horror novel.",
"This film was directed by James Watkins and it is the first solo screenplay by Goldman.",
"It was released in 2012 and met positive reviews.",
"In March 2013, The Woman in Black won the Empire Award for Best Horror.",
"She is credited on X-Men: Days of Future Past, the sequel to First Class, as writing the story with Matthew Vaughn and Simon Kinberg.",
"With Vaughn, Goldman co-wrote the script for Kingsman: The Secret Service (2015), based on the comic book by Mark Millar and Dave Gibbons.",
"She wrote the script for Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children, an adaptation of the Ransom Riggs novel of the same name, which was directed by Tim Burton.",
"Upcoming projects\nGoldman is attached to various upcoming projects, including Nonplayer, an adaptation of the sci-fi comic book by Nate Simpson for Warner Bros.; and a rewrite of the Pinocchio screenplay originally written by Bryan Fuller, She is also involved in adaptation of Anubis, based on a science-fiction/comedy short story by Paul Murray.",
"On 6 December 2017, it was announced Goldman would write a screenplay for Disney's live-action adaptation of The Little Mermaid with Rob Marshall being eyed to direct.",
"In May 2017, HBO announced Goldman was one of four writers working on a potential pilot for a Game of Thrones spin-off.",
"In addition to Goldman, Carly Wray, Max Borenstein, and Brian Helgeland were also working on potential pilots.",
"Goldman has been working and communicating with George R. R. Martin, the author of A Song of Ice and Fire, the series of novels upon which the original series is based.",
"Game of Thrones showrunners D. B. Weiss and David Benioff would also be executive producers for whichever project is picked up by HBO.",
"In June 2018, it was confirmed that Goldman's pilot had been greenlit by HBO, and would focus on \"the world's descent from the golden Age of Heroes into its darkest hour\", thousands of years before the events of Game of Thrones.",
"In late October 2019, it was announced that HBO would not be moving forward with the pilot.",
"Goldman co-wrote the 2020 adaptation of Daphne du Maurier's Gothic romance Rebecca, directed by Ben Wheatley.",
"In popular culture\nAlongside her husband, broadcaster Jonathan Ross, Goldman appeared as a character in Neil Gaiman's short story The Facts in the Case of the Departure of Miss Finch in 1996.",
"Gaiman is a personal friend of the couple.",
"Filmography\nWriting credits\n Stardust (2007)\n Kick-Ass (2010)\n The Debt (2010)\n James Bond Supports International Women's Day\t(2011)\n X-Men: First Class (2011)\n The Woman in Black (2012)\n X-Men: Days of Future Past (2014) (Story only)\n Kingsman: The Secret Service (2015)\n Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children (2016)\n The Limehouse Golem (2016) (Also executive producer}\n Kingsman: The Golden Circle (2017)\n Rebecca (2020)\n The Little Mermaid (2023)\n\nTelevision\n\nBibliography\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n \n \n\n1970 births\nLiving people\n21st-century English women writers\nEnglish female models\nEnglish people of Jewish descent\nEnglish screenwriters\nEnglish television presenters\nEnglish television producers\nEnglish women journalists\nEnglish women novelists\nEnglish writers on paranormal topics\nPeople from Hammersmith\nBritish women screenwriters\nWomen science fiction and fantasy writers\nEnglish women non-fiction writers\nBritish women television producers\nBritish television producers\nRoss family\n21st-century British screenwriters"
] | [
"Jane Goldman is an English writer, author and producer.",
"She co-authored the screenplays of Kingsman: The Secret Service and Kingsman: The Golden Circle, as well as X-Men: First Class, Kick-Ass, and Stardust.",
"The sequel to First Class, X-men: Days of Future Past, was written by Goldman and Vaughn.",
"Both were praised for their partnership works.",
"The Woman in Black was Goldman's first solo script.",
"She wrote the script for Tim Burton's adaptation of Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children.",
"She presented her show, Jane Goldman Investigates, on the channel Living in 2003 and 2004, as well as the books Dreamworld and The X-Files Book of the Unexplained.",
"Goldman was raised in a middle-class family in north London, the only child of a Jewish father and a Buddhist mother.",
"She moved to the United States at the age of 15 to follow Boy George on his tour.",
"She joined the Daily Star as an entertainment reporter after returning to the UK.",
"She met Jonathan Ross when she was 16.",
"Goldman was 18 years old when they married.",
"The couple has three children.",
"Goldman was a journalist and worked on newspapers and magazines such as Just Seventeen, The Times, Evening Standard, Zero, Daily Star and Total Guitar.",
"She became a writer at the age of 19.",
"The X-Files Book of the Unexplained is one of the books Goldman wrote.",
"She had a television series between 2003 and 2004.",
"Living transmitted Jane Goldman Investigates between 2003 and 2004.",
"Goldman is in the production team of The Big Fat Quiz of the Year.",
"She was part of the writing team for David Baddiel's short-lived sitcom Baddiel's Syndrome in 2001.",
"She was one of the co-writers of Stardust, which was based on the novel of the same name by Neil Gaiman.",
"Goldman helped the director with the adaptation process.",
"The screenwriters of the film received a Hugo Award for their work.",
"Goldman co-written Kick-Ass and X-Men: First Class with Matthew Vaughn.",
"Both films were praised by film critics.",
"X-Men: First Class is considered by many critics to be one of the best of all X-Men films and Kick-Ass enjoys a cult following.",
"\"With a strong script, stylish direction, and powerful performances from its well-rounded cast, X-men: First Class is a welcome return to form for the franchise.\"",
"She was one of the co-writers of The Debt, which was based on the Israeli film HaHov and directed by John Madden.",
"Susan Hill's horror novel, Hammer The Woman in Black, was adapted by Goldman.",
"The first solo script by Goldman was directed by James Watkins.",
"In 2012 it was released and received positive reviews.",
"The Empire Award for Best Horror was won by The Woman in Black.",
"She is credited with writing the story for X-men: Days of Future Past, the sequel to First Class.",
"Goldman wrote the script for Kingsman: The Secret Service, based on the comic book by Mark Millar and Dave Gibbons.",
"She wrote the script for Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children, which was directed by Tim Burton.",
"Goldman is attached to a number of upcoming projects, including an adaptation of the sci-fi comic book by Nathan Simpson for Warner Bros., as well as a rewrite of the script for the movie \"Pinocchio.\"",
"Goldman will write a script for Disney's live-action adaptation of The Little Mermaid with Rob Marshall being eyed to direct.",
"Goldman was one of four writers who were working on a potential pilot for a Game of Throne spin-off.",
"Potential pilots, including Goldman, were also working on the project.",
"Goldman is communicating with George R. R. Martin, the author of A Song of Ice and Fire, the series of novels upon which the original series is based.",
"David Benioff and D. B. Weiss would be executive producers on any project picked up by the network.",
"The world's descent from the golden Age of Heroes into its darkest hour was the focus of Goldman's pilot, which was greenlit by HBO in June.",
"In October, it was announced that the pilot wouldn't be moving forward.",
"Ben Wheatley directed the 2020 adaptation of Rebecca, which was co-written by Goldman.",
"Goldman was a character in Neil Gaiman's short story The Facts in the Case of the Departure of Miss Finch, alongside her husband, Jonathan Ross.",
"He is a friend of the couple.",
"Stardust, Kick-Ass, The Debt, James Bond supports International Women's Day, X-men: First Class, The Woman in Black, and Kingsman: The Secret Service are filmography writing credits."
] | <mask> (born 11 June 1970) is an English screenwriter, author and producer. With Matthew Vaughn, she co-wrote the screenplays of Kingsman: The Secret Service (2014) and its sequel Kingsman: The Golden Circle (2017), as well as X-Men: First Class (2011), Kick-Ass (2010) and Stardust (2007). <mask> also worked on the story of X-Men: Days of Future Past (2014), the sequel to First Class, in partnership with Vaughn. Both met high critical praise for their partnership works. <mask>'s first solo screenplay was The Woman in Black (2012). She also wrote the script for Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children, a 2016 film adaption of the novel, for Tim Burton. She has also written the books Dreamworld (2000) and The X-Files Book of the Unexplained (1997), and presented her own TV series on the paranormal, <mask> Investigates, on the channel Living, in 2003 and 2004.Early life
<mask> was raised in a liberal, middle-class family in north London, the only child of a Jewish father and a Buddhist mother. She attended the King Alfred School, an independent school in Hampstead, until the age of 15 before moving to the United States to follow Boy George on tour. Upon her return to the UK, she took a job as an entertainment reporter with the Daily Star. When she was 16, she met TV presenter Jonathan Ross. They married in 1988, when <mask> was 18 years old. The couple have three children: two daughters and a son. Professional career
Journalism, books and TV
As a journalist, <mask> worked on newspapers and magazines such as Just Seventeen, Cosmopolitan, The Times, Evening Standard, Zero, Daily Star, Total Guitar, Game Zone and Sega Zone.At the age of 19, she became a freelance writer. <mask> also wrote books: Thirteen-Something (1993), Streetsmarts: A Teenager's Safety Guide (1996), Sussed and Streetwise (1997), the two-volume best-selling series The X-Files Book of the Unexplained (1997), her first and only novel Dreamworld (2000) and Do the Right Thing (2007). Between 2003 and 2004 she had her own television series. <mask> Investigates researched the paranormal and was transmitted by channel Living between 2003 and 2004. <mask> is also in the production teams of a number of TV shows, such as The Big Fat Quiz of the Year. Screenwriting and partnership with Matthew Vaughn
She made the jump to screenwriting, and was part of the writing team for David Baddiel's short-lived sitcom Baddiel's Syndrome, in 2001. Later, she co-wrote the screenplay of Stardust (2007), based on the novel of the same name by Neil Gaiman and directed by Matthew Vaughn.Gaiman introduced <mask> to Vaughn to provide the director some help with the adaptation process. The film received many accolades and gave the screenwriters a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, Long Form. After Stardust, <mask> became a frequent collaborator with director Matthew Vaughn, co-writing his next films, the comic-book adaptations Kick-Ass (2010) and X-Men: First Class (2011). Both films won strong praise amongst film critics. Kick-Ass enjoys a cult following and X-Men: First Class is considered by many critics to be one of the best of all X-Men films. Rotten Tomatoes consensus says: "With a strong script, stylish direction, and powerful performances from its well-rounded cast, X-Men: First Class is a welcome return to form for the franchise." She continued to work in adaptations, and was also a co-writer with Vaughn and Peter Straughan for the 2011 drama-thriller The Debt, which was based on the 2007 Israeli film HaHov and directed by John Madden.<mask> also adapted for Hammer The Woman in Black, based on Susan Hill's horror novel. This film was directed by James Watkins and it is the first solo screenplay by <mask>. It was released in 2012 and met positive reviews. In March 2013, The Woman in Black won the Empire Award for Best Horror. She is credited on X-Men: Days of Future Past, the sequel to First Class, as writing the story with Matthew Vaughn and Simon Kinberg. With Vaughn, <mask> co-wrote the script for Kingsman: The Secret Service (2015), based on the comic book by Mark Millar and Dave Gibbons. She wrote the script for Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children, an adaptation of the Ransom Riggs novel of the same name, which was directed by Tim Burton.Upcoming projects
<mask> is attached to various upcoming projects, including Nonplayer, an adaptation of the sci-fi comic book by Nate Simpson for Warner Bros.; and a rewrite of the Pinocchio screenplay originally written by Bryan Fuller, She is also involved in adaptation of Anubis, based on a science-fiction/comedy short story by Paul Murray. On 6 December 2017, it was announced <mask> would write a screenplay for Disney's live-action adaptation of The Little Mermaid with Rob Marshall being eyed to direct. In May 2017, HBO announced <mask> was one of four writers working on a potential pilot for a Game of Thrones spin-off. In addition to <mask>, Carly Wray, Max Borenstein, and Brian Helgeland were also working on potential pilots. <mask> has been working and communicating with George R. R. Martin, the author of A Song of Ice and Fire, the series of novels upon which the original series is based. Game of Thrones showrunners D. B. Weiss and David Benioff would also be executive producers for whichever project is picked up by HBO. In June 2018, it was confirmed that <mask>'s pilot had been greenlit by HBO, and would focus on "the world's descent from the golden Age of Heroes into its darkest hour", thousands of years before the events of Game of Thrones.In late October 2019, it was announced that HBO would not be moving forward with the pilot. <mask> co-wrote the 2020 adaptation of Daphne du Maurier's Gothic romance Rebecca, directed by Ben Wheatley. In popular culture
Alongside her husband, broadcaster Jonathan Ross, <mask> appeared as a character in Neil Gaiman's short story The Facts in the Case of the Departure of Miss Finch in 1996. Gaiman is a personal friend of the couple. Filmography
Writing credits
Stardust (2007)
Kick-Ass (2010)
The Debt (2010)
James Bond Supports International Women's Day (2011)
X-Men: First Class (2011)
The Woman in Black (2012)
X-Men: Days of Future Past (2014) (Story only)
Kingsman: The Secret Service (2015)
Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children (2016)
The Limehouse Golem (2016) (Also executive producer}
Kingsman: The Golden Circle (2017)
Rebecca (2020)
The Little Mermaid (2023)
Television
Bibliography
References
External links
1970 births
Living people
21st-century English women writers
English female models
English people of Jewish descent
English screenwriters
English television presenters
English television producers
English women journalists
English women novelists
English writers on paranormal topics
People from Hammersmith
British women screenwriters
Women science fiction and fantasy writers
English women non-fiction writers
British women television producers
British television producers
Ross family
21st-century British screenwriters | [
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28879497 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs%20Gama | Luís Gama | Luís Gonzaga Pinto da Gama (Salvador, June 21, 1830 – São Paulo, August 24, 1882) was a Brazilian (self-taught lawyer), abolitionist, orator, journalist and writer, and the Patron of the .
Born to a free black mother and a white father, he was nevertheless made a slave at the age of 10, and remained illiterate until the age of 17. He judicially won his own freedom and began to work as a lawyer on behalf of the captives, and by the age of 29 he was already an established author and considered "the greatest abolitionist in Brazil".
Although considered one of the exponents of , works such as Manuel Bandeira's "Apresentação da Poesia Brasileira" do not even mention his name. He had such a unique life that it is difficult to find, among his biographers, any who do not become passionate when portraying him - being himself also charged with passion, emotional and yet captivating. Despite this the historian Boris Fausto declared that he owned a "soap opera biography".
He was one of the rare black intellectuals in 19th century slave-owning Brazil, the only self-taught and the only one to have gone through the experience of captivity. He spent his life fighting for the abolition of slavery and for the end of the monarchy in Brazil, but died six years before these causes were accomplished. In 2018 his name was inscribed in the Steel Book of national heroes deposited in the Tancredo Neves Pantheon of the Fatherland and Freedom.
Panorama from the time
São Paulo, where Gama lived for forty-two years, was in the middle of the 19th century a still small provincial capital that, with the demand for coffee production from the 1870s on, saw the price of slaves reach a level that made their urban possession almost prohibitive. Until this period, however, it was quite common the property of "rent slaves", on whose work their owners drew their source of sustenance, alongside the so-called "domestic slaves".
It had a population ten times smaller than that of the Court (Rio de Janeiro), and a very strong presence of legal culture because, since 1828, one of the only two law schools in the country had been established there, the Largo de São Francisco Law School, which received students from all over the country, coming from all social strata - besides the children of the rural oligarchy, members of the intellectual elite that was being formed at the time (Gama defined it, then, as "Noah's Ark in a small way").
Childhood and slavery
Luís Gama was born on June 21, 1830, at Bângala street Nº2, in the centre from the city of Salvador, Bahia. Even with little information about his childhood, it is known that he was the son of Luísa Mahin, a freed African ex-slave, and the son of a Portuguese fidalgo who lived in Bahia. At the age of seven, his mother traveled to Rio de Janeiro to participate in the Sabinada revolt, never to meet him again. In 1840, his father ended up in debt with gambling, so he resorted to selling Luís Gama as a slave to pay his debts. There is no evidence that his father sought him out after that. As an adult, Gama understood that when he was sold he was a victim of the crime of "Enslaving a free person, who is in possession of his freedom.", provided in Article 179 from Criminal Code of the Empire of Brazil, sanctioned shortly after his birth. Furthermore, due to the fact that the revolts that took place in Bahia led to the prohibition of the sale of slaves from this province to other regions of Brazil, the sale and transport of Luís Gama to São Paulo was constituted as contraband.
In an autobiographical letter he sent in 1880 to , he describes his birth and early childhood thus:
Lígia Ferreira, one of the researchers who has most studied Gama's life, points out that this information could not be verified, although she stresses that the sobrado where he was born still exists; the register of his baptism could not be found, and adds to this the fact that the omission of his father's name from his account casts doubt on his real identity.
Put up for sale, he was rejected "for being Bahian". After the Malê revolt, a stigma was created that Bahian captives were rebellious and more likely to run away. He was taken to Rio de Janeiro where he was sold to Antonio Pereira Cardoso, a slave trader who took him to be resold in São Paulo. From the Port of Santos, Gama and the other slaves were taken on foot to be sold in Jundiaí and Campinas. With all the buyers resisting buying him because he was from Bahia, Gama began working as a domestic slave on the ensign's property, washing and ironing clothes, and then became a , working as a seamstress and shoemaker in the town of Lorena.
Freedom and adulthood
In 1847, Luís Gama had contact with a law student, Antônio Rodrigues do Prado Júnior, who stayed at his master's house and taught him the alphabet. The following year Gama was already literate and had taught the ensign's children to read, which he used as an argument in favor of his alforria, which was not successful. With this, Luís Gama was able to prove his freedom and joined the army in 1848. It remains unclear, however, the artifices used by Luis Gama to obtain his freedom, and it is suggested that he may have used the testimony of his father - whose identity he was careful to keep obscure. There is also the theory that Gama would have run away from the estate and argued that he was free because he could read and write, which were skills that most slaves did not possessed. He was part of the City Guard from 1848 until 1954, when he was imprisoned for 39 days due to "insoburdination" after "threatening an insolent officer" who had insulted him. Before that, in 1850, he had married Claudina Fortunata Sampaio.
Even while serving in the army, he was chosen to work as a copyist for official authorities in his spare time, since he had good calligraphy. In 1856, he was hired as a clerk at the São Paulo Police Department, in the office of Francisco Maria de Souza Furtado de Mendonça, a counselor and law professor. With the knowledge of Francisco Mendonça and having his library at his disposal, Luís Gama further studied the subject of law until he made the decision to graduate from the Largo de São Francisco Law School. However, the students of the Faculty were against it, making it impossible for Luís Gama to enroll, so he began to study on his own, as attending classes as a listener and became a "rábula", the name given to the individual who had enough legal knowledge to be a lawyer, even without a law degree. After acting in slave cases, Gama was dismissed from his position at the Secretariat of Police, in 1868, due to pressure from who were dissatisfied with the freedoms won by the rábula. Gama defined his dismissal "for the good of the public service" as a consequence of the work he had been doing to free slaves who were in an illegal situation, in addition to denouncing the system's abuses, or, in his words
Literature
Gama was a reader of the Vida de Jesus (Life of Jesus), by the French philosopher Ernest Renan, originally published in 1863 and soon translated in Brazil, being one of the first to refer to it in the country. His only work, originally published in two editions (1859 and 1861), Primeiras Trovas Burlescas, placed him in the literary pantheon of Brazil only twelve years after he learned to read. This book, dedicated to Salvador Furtado de Mendonça, a magistrate who taught at the Largo de S. Francisco and who also managed his library there (which allows us to infer that he facilitated Gama's access to his collection), also has poems by his friend José Bonifácio the Younger, attached. The third edition of the work only came out posthumously, in 1904.
Poetry: the "Orpheus with a curly top"
Recalling the figure of the Greek poet Orpheus, and alluding to his curly hair, Gama was called "Orpheus with a curly top", and mastered both lyric and satirical poetry.
His poetics is written in the first person, without hiding his own origin and without failing to proclaim his blackness; at the same time, he does not fail to use the traditional images of his time, such as mythological evocations (like Orpheus, Cupid, etc.) or the poets of the past (like Lamartine, Camões, for example).
However, Gama reverts these images to his condition: the muse is from Guinea, Orpheus has "curly top". In portraying white society, he uses strongly satirical images:
He builds, from the elements of white culture, the antithesis to the culture and civilization of the blacks, filling them with elements of traditional poetry; thus, he contrasts the "Guinea muse" to the Greco-Roman muses; the dark granite to the white marble; the marimba and the cabaço to the lyre and the flute:
In his verses, he traces an image of himself that is far from the figure of the "poor wretch" or sufferer that figures in the blacks painted by contemporary white poets like Castro Alves. Gama hits himself with the same fierce criticism with which he attacks the system, belittling his own value before the prevailing cultural standards, which he implicitly accepts:
Gama even ironizes the situation of the black man, cut off from wealth, the sciences, and the arts:
Goat
"Goat" (Bode) was a term used in Gama's time to make pejorative references to black and pardo people, more specifically, "gathering of mixed-race people", and the poet himself was the target of these offenses. Thus, in 1861, in the poem Quem sou eu? also known as Bodarrada, Gama used the term ironically to satirize Brazilian society, while affirming human equality regardless of color:
Abolitionist Activism
Journalism and Freemasonry
Part of Luís Gama's abolitionist activism resided in his activity in the press. He began his journalistic career in São Paulo, together with cartoonist Angelo Agostini; both founded, in 1864, the first illustrated humorous newspaper in that city, called (Lame Devil), which lasted from October 1864 until November 1865. Before this, however, he had been an apprentice printer at O Ipiranga and had worked in the editorial staff of Radical Paulistano. His actions as a journalist and lawyer, as early as 1869, had made him one of the most influential and popular figures in the city of São Paulo. Despite this, Gama did not become a rich man and kept what little money he had to donate to the needy who came to him. Luís Gama was the only black abolitionist in Brazil to have experienced slavery.
But Gama also wrote articles for other newspapers, in which he discoursed on socio-racial issues of Imperial Brazil. In an article entitled Foro de Belém de Jundiaí, published in , Gama denounces the decision of a judge who, after the death of a slave master, allowed the auction of a former slave who had been freed by his heir son. His journalistic and legal actions brought him many enemies, and the author Julio Emílio Braz even claims that Dioguinho was hired to assassinate him when Gama was nearing the end of his life, but a letter written to his son on September 23, 1870 makes it clear that he had been suffering threats against his life for some time.
In 1866, still with Agostini, now joined by , they founded the hebdomadário ; all three belonged to the same Masonic lodge, and shared the same republican and abolitionist ideals. The America Masonic Lodge was very active in the abolitionist cause; it was founded by Luís Gama and Ruy Barbosa and Joaquim Nabuco (who omits his Masonic background) may also have been a member. At the time of his death, Gama was the institution's Venerable Master.
One of his projects within the freemasonry was, in June 1969, through the America Lodge and together with Olímpio da Paixão, the creation of a free school for children and an evening primary school for adults in the 25 de Março Street. Historian Bruno Rodrigues de Lima also found a manuscript that presents the idea that Gama had been responsible for the creation of a community library with 5 thousand titles, something that was attributed to the Loja América, and his manifestos published in the newspaper "Democracia" demonstrate his commitment to a project of a public and secular school at least 30 years before the first debates on this subject.
The "Gama style" of judicial practice
In 1831, a law was passed that prohibited the importation of slaves into Brazil, making any trafficked individual free as soon as he or she arrived in the country. Called the , it became better known as a , because it was a law passed to appease British pressure for the abolition of slavery in Brazil, without actually putting an end to the importation of slaves. Although it was not a law enforced by slave traders, it was the legal instrument by which Gama used to achieve the liberation of slaves. The so-called "Gama style" consisted of proving through legal proceedings that the enslaved blacks defended by Gama were brought illegally to Brazil, that is, after the promulgation of the Feijó Law in 1831, and should therefore be freed.
With the promulgation of the Lei do Ventre Livre (Free Womb Law) in 1871, Gama was able to get more freed slaves. In one of the items of the law, it was established the requirement of registration of each slave that a master owned. If the slave did not have a registration, it could be used as an argument for his alforria, as Gama did. Also, article 4 of the law formalized the purchase of the slave's manumission charter by the slave himself or by others, which allowed abolitionists to pass themselves off as slave valuers and lower the purchase price, allowing Gama and other abolitionists to buy more freedoms at lower prices.
Although he acted mainly in the defense of blacks accused of crimes, of those who fled or to seek their legal freedoms, he did not refuse to attend gracefully to the poor of any ethnicity, and there were cases in which he defended European immigrants injured by Brazilians. Gama also helped newly freed slaves find a job.
In his autobiographical letter to Lúcio de Mendonça, Gama estimates that he had already freed more than 500 slaves from captivity and in an 1869 court case known as the "Netto Question", Gama secured the freedom of 217 slaves, in an act regarded as the "largest known collective action to free slaves in the Americas," according to the BBC.
During a jury, Gama uttered a phrase that became famous: The slave who kills the master, in whatever circumstance, always kills in self-defense - this provoked such a reaction from those present that, with the confusion, the judge was forced to suspend the session. Historian Ligia Fonseca Ferreira says that this phrase actually appeared in the biography of Luís Gama written by Lúcio de Mendonça and published in the Almanaque Literário de São Paulo, explaining that "This phrase is not by Luiz Gama, it is by this white friend who wrote about him". An article in the Estado de São Paulo also says that Gama never wrote these words in exact, and historian Bruno Rodrigues de Lima says that this concept reappears several times in his work. In one example, in the Letter to Ferreira de Menezes dated December 18, 1880, when defending 4 slaves considered "four Spartacus" by Gama, who had murdered the son of their master Valeriano José do Vale, and had been executed by 300 people while inside the prision by "...the knife, the stick, the hoe, the axe...", Gama said:
An equivalent sentence was published on August 19, 1882 as the subtitle of the article "To the slavocrats", written by Raul Pompeia, in the Abolitionist Center's newspaper "ÇA IRA": "Before the Law, the crime of homicide perpetrated by the slave in the person of the master is justifiable".
Ethnic views
Luís Gama was against African descendants who acted like whites or even became cruel slavers, and he thought it was funny to see slavers of multi-ethnic origin trying to pass themselves off as whites. About his father, he said, "My father, I dare not claim that he was white, because such claims, in this country, constitute grave danger before the truth". Colonel Teodoro Xavier hated Luís Gama for having already lost a slave to him, so he called him "Goat", trying to insult him, to which one day, the lawyer replied: "I am not a goat, I am black. My color does not deny it. A goat is your honor who intends to disguise, with this light color, the mulatto underneath".
Political Activity
In his political activities Gama was affiliated to Liberal Party and before the he had already exposed his ideas in the article "The American Brazil and the lands of Cruzeiro without king or slaves" published on December 2, 1869. Later, Gama was part of the group that for the first time tried to found a republican party and on July 2, 1873, he came to participate in the First Republican Congress, already part of the Paulista Republican Party, where he found that the party and its members, many slave owners, did not care or interest themselves in the abolitionist agenda. Because he believed that abolition should be immediate and without compensation to the slaveholders, he left the party and started criticizing it in the media, and these criticisms also extended to newspapers that claimed to be in favor of the abolitionist cause, but published advertisements about the capture of slaves.
Death and burial
The writer Raul Pompeia had already noticed that Gama's health was not good; three days before his death he had observed that Gama no longer climbed down the stairs of his office without support, resorting to the support of his friends Pedro, Brasil Silvado, or himself, Raul.
Gama had diabetes. On the morning of August 24, 1882 he had lost his speech and despite the intervention of more than 20 doctors, this was the causa mortis that victimized him that afternoon, certified by physician Jaime Perna.
When the great abolitionist and slave liberator had died, Raul Pompeia expressed his incredulity and, registering every moment of the funeral, he immediately went to his friend's house, where he verified that many people were already there, keeping vigil: in front of the house, men cried "like cowards", and ladies sobbed. His body had been placed in a coffin in the front room; a sculptor molded his face in plaster. The coffin left the next day at three o'clock in the afternoon. Just before the coffin was closed, the widow gave a painful cry. The cemetery was at the other end of town, and a funeral coach had been prepared to take him, but the crowd of people who had flocked there would not let him go: "Everyone's friend" - as he was known - would have to be "carried by everyone". Commerce had closed its doors and flowers were thrown to Gama.
The coffin appears, brought by friends of the deceased: journalist and member of the Centro Abolicionista Gaspar da Silva, Dr. Antônio Carlos, Dr. Pinto Ferraz, , among others; ahead of the coffin followed a huge crowd, like the one squeezed in beside, disputing the honor of carrying the coffin; behind, a large number of carriages and, among them, the empty funeral coach. At four hours and five minutes, the procession arrived at Brás, where a band was waiting to accompany it, playing sad chords; at , the Brotherhood of Nossa Senhora dos Remédios joined the burial; arriving at the "city", stores closed their doors and flags were flying at half-mast, while people crowded the streets where the burial was to take place; in the windows, families squeezed themselves to watch: all along the way, many mourned the loss.
Professor Otávio Torres recorded that Luís Gama died "glorified by São Paulo"; Antônio Loureiro de Sousa, in 1949, recorded: "His funeral was an unprecedented spectacle: it was the largest ever reported in those days. The crowd that followed the funeral cortege, with all silence and admiration, was forced to stop by the numerous speeches that interrupted the funeral procession". More recently, in 2013, article writer Zeca Borges declared that "his burial was the most emotional event in the history of the city of São Paulo".
People of all classes were there, and all vying for the chance to carry the skiff. At one point, the slave driver carried on one side, and on the other, a haughty, "poor, ragged, barefooted black man", in Pompey's register. It was already evening when the procession finally arrived at the Consolação holy ground, and the crowd held its ground. After a brief stop for a sermon by a priest in the chapel, where the hundreds of wreaths of flowers were laid, the coffin was finally taken to the grave, where the crowd was waiting. Before lowering it, however, someone - the doctor or , shouted for everyone to wait; after a brief speech in which he remembered the importance of Luís Gama, bringing everyone to tears, he summoned everyone to swear an oath not to let "die the idea for which that giant had fought": this was answered by a general roar from the crowd, which, hands extended to the coffin, swore.
His grave was purchased on the same day as the burial in the name of his wife Claudina, as recorded in Book 2, fols. 28, of the Municipal Archives; it is located on 2nd Street, grave 17.
Effects from the speeches
Gama's death and the engaged speech at his grave marked the end of this first phase of the abolitionist movement, markedly "legalistic" (constitution of funds for the acquisition of captives and their freedom, legal actions for liberation) and the beginning of the phase of effective actions to combat the slavers: led by Clímaco Barbosa, the campaign moved on to "de facto ways", where people took in runaway slaves, hiding them in their homes until they were sent to the Quilombo do Jabaquara, in Santos, and stimulating mass escape from the farms.
A milestone of this action was the invasion of Chácara Pari by members of the Brás Abolitionist Club, with cries of "Long live the abolitionists, let the slavocrats die!"; people such as Barbosa, Antônio Bento, Feliciano Bicudo, among other notables and anonymous, became part of the police's list of suspects.
In 1879, recognizing that his illness was worsening, Luís Gama began to consider radical methods and Antônio Bento, who had left his position as a judge to dedicate himself to the anti-slavery struggle was of paramount importance in this area and was later considered "the ghost of abolition". Antônio Bento inherited the position of lawyer for the Abolitionist Club upon Gama's death. Later came the Abolitionist Party and the Caifazes movement, led by Antônio Bento, who radicalized the abolitionist campaign in actions as described in the first paragraph of the topic, which made Antônio Bento the immediate continuator of Luís Gama's work.
Homages and influences
Among his contemporaries Gama was the recipient of several tributes. Raul Pompeia, in the of September 10, 1882, wrote an article about him entitled Última página da vida de um grande homem (Last page in the life of a great man); the same author wrote a caricature of him, which was published that same year on the front page of the Rio de Janeiro newspaper O Mequetrefe in August (No. 284), and also the unfinished novella A Mão de Luís Gama (The Hand of Luís Gama), originally published on the pages of the Jornal do Commercio, of São Paulo (1883), and the text A Morte de Luíz Gama (The death of Luíz Gama).
Some years after his death, and following the Abolition, the Luís Gama Lodge was founded by the São Paulo Freemason Góes and the collaboration of brothers from the Trabalho and Ordem e Progresso lodges, with the initiation of 25 blacks.
In his honor, in 1919, the (currently named one of its stations, today practically in ruins.
Between 1923 and 1926, in what may be considered the "second period of the black press" in the state of São Paulo, the newspaper Getulino appeared in the city of Campinas; in this city racism was stronger than in the state capital itself, and the publication was part of the movement for greater participation of blacks in society; its title was a "tribute to Luís Gama who had as one of his pseudonyms Getulino" and its influence would culminate in the creation of O Clarim da Alvorada, a newspaper in the São Paulo capital.
In , in São Paulo, there is a erected to his memory, erected on commission by the black community on the occasion of his centennial.
Over time it influenced several black Brazilian movements, such as the literary group Projeto Rhumor Negro of São Paulo, created in 1988, for whom Gama's letter to Mendonça is "one of the most important historical documents of the Brazilian people. (...) Given the magnitude of the life of this great man, this letter, crossing time, is also addressed to all of us".
In 2014, in the wake of the success of the movie 12 Years a Slave, writer Ana Maria Gonçalves, author of the novelized work about Gama's life Um Defeito de Cor (A Color Defect), prepared a script for a movie and also drawing the attention of Brazilian television - pointing out that very little is said about slavery compared to other historical facts, such as the holocaust during World War II. In 2015 the play "Luiz Gama — Uma voz pela liberdade" ("Luiz Gama - A Voice for Freedom") was started, with actor and scriptwriter Deo Garcez as the protagonist and actress Nivia Helen as narrator and various characters.
In 2017, the University of São Paulo Law School, in , named one of its rooms after him. In 2018 his name was inscribed in the Steel Book of national heroes deposited in the Tancredo Neves Pantheon of the Fatherland and Freedom and was recognized as a journalist by the .
In 2019, it was announced that filmmaker would make a film on the life of Gama, with as the character in adulthood. The film, then in production, was temporarily titled Prisioneiro da Liberdade (Prisoner of Liberty), also would feature actors Caio Blat and Zezé Motta. The name of the film came to be Doutor Gama, with as the main character, and was released in 2021.
Also in 2019, the comic book Província Negra was published after winning the city of São Paulo's Fomento Cultural edict, portraying a fictional adventure based on the life of Gama, who takes on the role of the protagonist in the adventure. The script is by Kaled Kanbour and the art by Kris Zullo.
In 2021, the University of São Paulo posthumously awarded him an Honoris Causa doctorate, the first black Brazilian to receive this title from the university.
Title of "lawyer"
133 years after his death, on November 3, 2015, the Order of Attorneys of Brazil, São Paulo Section, granted him the title of "lawyer", since he was not trained and acted as a "provisioned" or abolitionist. The tribute ceremony, entitled "Luiz Gama: Ideas and Legacy of the Abolitionist Leader", included two days of events at Mackenzie Presbyterian University, through debates and lectures. The tribute is unprecedented in the history of the Order of Attorneys of Brazil; according to its national president, , "It is a very fitting tribute to someone who fought so hard for freedom, equality, and respect".
Image Abroad
The Black Past website, focused on global African and African American history, has a page with the poet's biography.
In March 2020, the workshop "Slavery, Freedom and Civil Law in the Brazilian Courts (1860-1888): How the Black Lawyer Luiz Gama Developed a Legal Doctrine that Freed Five Hundred Slaves" took place at Princeton University.
Complete work
Historian Bruno Rodrigues de Lima, from the Max Planck Institute, spent nine years going through archives and registry offices looking for the complete works of Luís Gama, in a project for the publication of ten volumes and approximately 5,000 pages in Portuguese entitled Obras Completas [Complete Works (of Luiz Gama)], alongside the publisher Hedra. The project, published out of order, will be fully released by 2022.
Bruno Rodrigues has researched to create Luís Gama's timeline starting when he published his first text at the age of 19, and among his research findings is the fact that he was already recognized as a lawyer in his time, not a rábula- and that this denomination may have been created to diminish him.
Notes
References
Bibliography
Scientific papers
Books
Additional reading
- Used in the article body on oldid=1039809695
- Used in the article body on oldid=1039809695
- Used in the article body on oldid=1039809695
External links
A biography of Luís Gama (in English)
A biography of Luís Gama
Organization dedicated to Luiz Gama (in Portuguese)
1830 births
1882 deaths
Brazilian lawyers
Brazilian journalists
Romantic poets
Brazilian abolitionists
People from Salvador, Bahia
Deaths from diabetes
19th-century journalists
Male journalists
19th-century Brazilian poets
Brazilian male poets
19th-century Brazilian male writers
Brazilian Freemasons | [
"Luís Gonzaga Pinto da Gama (Salvador, June 21, 1830 – São Paulo, August 24, 1882) was a Brazilian (self-taught lawyer), abolitionist, orator, journalist and writer, and the Patron of the .",
"Born to a free black mother and a white father, he was nevertheless made a slave at the age of 10, and remained illiterate until the age of 17.",
"He judicially won his own freedom and began to work as a lawyer on behalf of the captives, and by the age of 29 he was already an established author and considered \"the greatest abolitionist in Brazil\".",
"Although considered one of the exponents of , works such as Manuel Bandeira's \"Apresentação da Poesia Brasileira\" do not even mention his name.",
"He had such a unique life that it is difficult to find, among his biographers, any who do not become passionate when portraying him - being himself also charged with passion, emotional and yet captivating.",
"Despite this the historian Boris Fausto declared that he owned a \"soap opera biography\".",
"He was one of the rare black intellectuals in 19th century slave-owning Brazil, the only self-taught and the only one to have gone through the experience of captivity.",
"He spent his life fighting for the abolition of slavery and for the end of the monarchy in Brazil, but died six years before these causes were accomplished.",
"In 2018 his name was inscribed in the Steel Book of national heroes deposited in the Tancredo Neves Pantheon of the Fatherland and Freedom.",
"Panorama from the time\nSão Paulo, where Gama lived for forty-two years, was in the middle of the 19th century a still small provincial capital that, with the demand for coffee production from the 1870s on, saw the price of slaves reach a level that made their urban possession almost prohibitive.",
"Until this period, however, it was quite common the property of \"rent slaves\", on whose work their owners drew their source of sustenance, alongside the so-called \"domestic slaves\".",
"It had a population ten times smaller than that of the Court (Rio de Janeiro), and a very strong presence of legal culture because, since 1828, one of the only two law schools in the country had been established there, the Largo de São Francisco Law School, which received students from all over the country, coming from all social strata - besides the children of the rural oligarchy, members of the intellectual elite that was being formed at the time (Gama defined it, then, as \"Noah's Ark in a small way\").",
"Childhood and slavery\nLuís Gama was born on June 21, 1830, at Bângala street Nº2, in the centre from the city of Salvador, Bahia.",
"Even with little information about his childhood, it is known that he was the son of Luísa Mahin, a freed African ex-slave, and the son of a Portuguese fidalgo who lived in Bahia.",
"At the age of seven, his mother traveled to Rio de Janeiro to participate in the Sabinada revolt, never to meet him again.",
"In 1840, his father ended up in debt with gambling, so he resorted to selling Luís Gama as a slave to pay his debts.",
"There is no evidence that his father sought him out after that.",
"As an adult, Gama understood that when he was sold he was a victim of the crime of \"Enslaving a free person, who is in possession of his freedom.",
"\", provided in Article 179 from Criminal Code of the Empire of Brazil, sanctioned shortly after his birth.",
"Furthermore, due to the fact that the revolts that took place in Bahia led to the prohibition of the sale of slaves from this province to other regions of Brazil, the sale and transport of Luís Gama to São Paulo was constituted as contraband.",
"In an autobiographical letter he sent in 1880 to , he describes his birth and early childhood thus: \n\nLígia Ferreira, one of the researchers who has most studied Gama's life, points out that this information could not be verified, although she stresses that the sobrado where he was born still exists; the register of his baptism could not be found, and adds to this the fact that the omission of his father's name from his account casts doubt on his real identity.",
"Put up for sale, he was rejected \"for being Bahian\".",
"After the Malê revolt, a stigma was created that Bahian captives were rebellious and more likely to run away.",
"He was taken to Rio de Janeiro where he was sold to Antonio Pereira Cardoso, a slave trader who took him to be resold in São Paulo.",
"From the Port of Santos, Gama and the other slaves were taken on foot to be sold in Jundiaí and Campinas.",
"With all the buyers resisting buying him because he was from Bahia, Gama began working as a domestic slave on the ensign's property, washing and ironing clothes, and then became a , working as a seamstress and shoemaker in the town of Lorena.",
"Freedom and adulthood\nIn 1847, Luís Gama had contact with a law student, Antônio Rodrigues do Prado Júnior, who stayed at his master's house and taught him the alphabet.",
"The following year Gama was already literate and had taught the ensign's children to read, which he used as an argument in favor of his alforria, which was not successful.",
"With this, Luís Gama was able to prove his freedom and joined the army in 1848.",
"It remains unclear, however, the artifices used by Luis Gama to obtain his freedom, and it is suggested that he may have used the testimony of his father - whose identity he was careful to keep obscure.",
"There is also the theory that Gama would have run away from the estate and argued that he was free because he could read and write, which were skills that most slaves did not possessed.",
"He was part of the City Guard from 1848 until 1954, when he was imprisoned for 39 days due to \"insoburdination\" after \"threatening an insolent officer\" who had insulted him.",
"Before that, in 1850, he had married Claudina Fortunata Sampaio.",
"Even while serving in the army, he was chosen to work as a copyist for official authorities in his spare time, since he had good calligraphy.",
"In 1856, he was hired as a clerk at the São Paulo Police Department, in the office of Francisco Maria de Souza Furtado de Mendonça, a counselor and law professor.",
"With the knowledge of Francisco Mendonça and having his library at his disposal, Luís Gama further studied the subject of law until he made the decision to graduate from the Largo de São Francisco Law School.",
"However, the students of the Faculty were against it, making it impossible for Luís Gama to enroll, so he began to study on his own, as attending classes as a listener and became a \"rábula\", the name given to the individual who had enough legal knowledge to be a lawyer, even without a law degree.",
"After acting in slave cases, Gama was dismissed from his position at the Secretariat of Police, in 1868, due to pressure from who were dissatisfied with the freedoms won by the rábula.",
"Gama defined his dismissal \"for the good of the public service\" as a consequence of the work he had been doing to free slaves who were in an illegal situation, in addition to denouncing the system's abuses, or, in his words\n\nLiterature\n\nGama was a reader of the Vida de Jesus (Life of Jesus), by the French philosopher Ernest Renan, originally published in 1863 and soon translated in Brazil, being one of the first to refer to it in the country.",
"His only work, originally published in two editions (1859 and 1861), Primeiras Trovas Burlescas, placed him in the literary pantheon of Brazil only twelve years after he learned to read.",
"This book, dedicated to Salvador Furtado de Mendonça, a magistrate who taught at the Largo de S. Francisco and who also managed his library there (which allows us to infer that he facilitated Gama's access to his collection), also has poems by his friend José Bonifácio the Younger, attached.",
"The third edition of the work only came out posthumously, in 1904.",
"Poetry: the \"Orpheus with a curly top\"\nRecalling the figure of the Greek poet Orpheus, and alluding to his curly hair, Gama was called \"Orpheus with a curly top\", and mastered both lyric and satirical poetry.",
"His poetics is written in the first person, without hiding his own origin and without failing to proclaim his blackness; at the same time, he does not fail to use the traditional images of his time, such as mythological evocations (like Orpheus, Cupid, etc.)",
"or the poets of the past (like Lamartine, Camões, for example).",
"However, Gama reverts these images to his condition: the muse is from Guinea, Orpheus has \"curly top\".",
"In portraying white society, he uses strongly satirical images:\n\nHe builds, from the elements of white culture, the antithesis to the culture and civilization of the blacks, filling them with elements of traditional poetry; thus, he contrasts the \"Guinea muse\" to the Greco-Roman muses; the dark granite to the white marble; the marimba and the cabaço to the lyre and the flute:\n\nIn his verses, he traces an image of himself that is far from the figure of the \"poor wretch\" or sufferer that figures in the blacks painted by contemporary white poets like Castro Alves.",
"Gama hits himself with the same fierce criticism with which he attacks the system, belittling his own value before the prevailing cultural standards, which he implicitly accepts:\n\nGama even ironizes the situation of the black man, cut off from wealth, the sciences, and the arts:\n\nGoat\n\"Goat\" (Bode) was a term used in Gama's time to make pejorative references to black and pardo people, more specifically, \"gathering of mixed-race people\", and the poet himself was the target of these offenses.",
"Thus, in 1861, in the poem Quem sou eu?",
"also known as Bodarrada, Gama used the term ironically to satirize Brazilian society, while affirming human equality regardless of color:\n\nAbolitionist Activism\n\nJournalism and Freemasonry\nPart of Luís Gama's abolitionist activism resided in his activity in the press.",
"He began his journalistic career in São Paulo, together with cartoonist Angelo Agostini; both founded, in 1864, the first illustrated humorous newspaper in that city, called (Lame Devil), which lasted from October 1864 until November 1865.",
"Before this, however, he had been an apprentice printer at O Ipiranga and had worked in the editorial staff of Radical Paulistano.",
"His actions as a journalist and lawyer, as early as 1869, had made him one of the most influential and popular figures in the city of São Paulo.",
"Despite this, Gama did not become a rich man and kept what little money he had to donate to the needy who came to him.",
"Luís Gama was the only black abolitionist in Brazil to have experienced slavery.",
"But Gama also wrote articles for other newspapers, in which he discoursed on socio-racial issues of Imperial Brazil.",
"In an article entitled Foro de Belém de Jundiaí, published in , Gama denounces the decision of a judge who, after the death of a slave master, allowed the auction of a former slave who had been freed by his heir son.",
"His journalistic and legal actions brought him many enemies, and the author Julio Emílio Braz even claims that Dioguinho was hired to assassinate him when Gama was nearing the end of his life, but a letter written to his son on September 23, 1870 makes it clear that he had been suffering threats against his life for some time.",
"In 1866, still with Agostini, now joined by , they founded the hebdomadário ; all three belonged to the same Masonic lodge, and shared the same republican and abolitionist ideals.",
"The America Masonic Lodge was very active in the abolitionist cause; it was founded by Luís Gama and Ruy Barbosa and Joaquim Nabuco (who omits his Masonic background) may also have been a member.",
"At the time of his death, Gama was the institution's Venerable Master.",
"One of his projects within the freemasonry was, in June 1969, through the America Lodge and together with Olímpio da Paixão, the creation of a free school for children and an evening primary school for adults in the 25 de Março Street.",
"Historian Bruno Rodrigues de Lima also found a manuscript that presents the idea that Gama had been responsible for the creation of a community library with 5 thousand titles, something that was attributed to the Loja América, and his manifestos published in the newspaper \"Democracia\" demonstrate his commitment to a project of a public and secular school at least 30 years before the first debates on this subject.",
"The \"Gama style\" of judicial practice\n\nIn 1831, a law was passed that prohibited the importation of slaves into Brazil, making any trafficked individual free as soon as he or she arrived in the country.",
"Called the , it became better known as a , because it was a law passed to appease British pressure for the abolition of slavery in Brazil, without actually putting an end to the importation of slaves.",
"Although it was not a law enforced by slave traders, it was the legal instrument by which Gama used to achieve the liberation of slaves.",
"The so-called \"Gama style\" consisted of proving through legal proceedings that the enslaved blacks defended by Gama were brought illegally to Brazil, that is, after the promulgation of the Feijó Law in 1831, and should therefore be freed.",
"With the promulgation of the Lei do Ventre Livre (Free Womb Law) in 1871, Gama was able to get more freed slaves.",
"In one of the items of the law, it was established the requirement of registration of each slave that a master owned.",
"If the slave did not have a registration, it could be used as an argument for his alforria, as Gama did.",
"Also, article 4 of the law formalized the purchase of the slave's manumission charter by the slave himself or by others, which allowed abolitionists to pass themselves off as slave valuers and lower the purchase price, allowing Gama and other abolitionists to buy more freedoms at lower prices.",
"Although he acted mainly in the defense of blacks accused of crimes, of those who fled or to seek their legal freedoms, he did not refuse to attend gracefully to the poor of any ethnicity, and there were cases in which he defended European immigrants injured by Brazilians.",
"Gama also helped newly freed slaves find a job.",
"In his autobiographical letter to Lúcio de Mendonça, Gama estimates that he had already freed more than 500 slaves from captivity and in an 1869 court case known as the \"Netto Question\", Gama secured the freedom of 217 slaves, in an act regarded as the \"largest known collective action to free slaves in the Americas,\" according to the BBC.",
"During a jury, Gama uttered a phrase that became famous: The slave who kills the master, in whatever circumstance, always kills in self-defense - this provoked such a reaction from those present that, with the confusion, the judge was forced to suspend the session.",
"Historian Ligia Fonseca Ferreira says that this phrase actually appeared in the biography of Luís Gama written by Lúcio de Mendonça and published in the Almanaque Literário de São Paulo, explaining that \"This phrase is not by Luiz Gama, it is by this white friend who wrote about him\".",
"An article in the Estado de São Paulo also says that Gama never wrote these words in exact, and historian Bruno Rodrigues de Lima says that this concept reappears several times in his work.",
"In one example, in the Letter to Ferreira de Menezes dated December 18, 1880, when defending 4 slaves considered \"four Spartacus\" by Gama, who had murdered the son of their master Valeriano José do Vale, and had been executed by 300 people while inside the prision by \"...the knife, the stick, the hoe, the axe...\", Gama said:\n\nAn equivalent sentence was published on August 19, 1882 as the subtitle of the article \"To the slavocrats\", written by Raul Pompeia, in the Abolitionist Center's newspaper \"ÇA IRA\": \"Before the Law, the crime of homicide perpetrated by the slave in the person of the master is justifiable\".",
"Ethnic views\nLuís Gama was against African descendants who acted like whites or even became cruel slavers, and he thought it was funny to see slavers of multi-ethnic origin trying to pass themselves off as whites.",
"About his father, he said, \"My father, I dare not claim that he was white, because such claims, in this country, constitute grave danger before the truth\".",
"Colonel Teodoro Xavier hated Luís Gama for having already lost a slave to him, so he called him \"Goat\", trying to insult him, to which one day, the lawyer replied: \"I am not a goat, I am black.",
"My color does not deny it.",
"A goat is your honor who intends to disguise, with this light color, the mulatto underneath\".",
"Political Activity\nIn his political activities Gama was affiliated to Liberal Party and before the he had already exposed his ideas in the article \"The American Brazil and the lands of Cruzeiro without king or slaves\" published on December 2, 1869.",
"Later, Gama was part of the group that for the first time tried to found a republican party and on July 2, 1873, he came to participate in the First Republican Congress, already part of the Paulista Republican Party, where he found that the party and its members, many slave owners, did not care or interest themselves in the abolitionist agenda.",
"Because he believed that abolition should be immediate and without compensation to the slaveholders, he left the party and started criticizing it in the media, and these criticisms also extended to newspapers that claimed to be in favor of the abolitionist cause, but published advertisements about the capture of slaves.",
"Death and burial\nThe writer Raul Pompeia had already noticed that Gama's health was not good; three days before his death he had observed that Gama no longer climbed down the stairs of his office without support, resorting to the support of his friends Pedro, Brasil Silvado, or himself, Raul.",
"Gama had diabetes.",
"On the morning of August 24, 1882 he had lost his speech and despite the intervention of more than 20 doctors, this was the causa mortis that victimized him that afternoon, certified by physician Jaime Perna.",
"When the great abolitionist and slave liberator had died, Raul Pompeia expressed his incredulity and, registering every moment of the funeral, he immediately went to his friend's house, where he verified that many people were already there, keeping vigil: in front of the house, men cried \"like cowards\", and ladies sobbed.",
"His body had been placed in a coffin in the front room; a sculptor molded his face in plaster.",
"The coffin left the next day at three o'clock in the afternoon.",
"Just before the coffin was closed, the widow gave a painful cry.",
"The cemetery was at the other end of town, and a funeral coach had been prepared to take him, but the crowd of people who had flocked there would not let him go: \"Everyone's friend\" - as he was known - would have to be \"carried by everyone\".",
"Commerce had closed its doors and flowers were thrown to Gama.",
"The coffin appears, brought by friends of the deceased: journalist and member of the Centro Abolicionista Gaspar da Silva, Dr. Antônio Carlos, Dr. Pinto Ferraz, , among others; ahead of the coffin followed a huge crowd, like the one squeezed in beside, disputing the honor of carrying the coffin; behind, a large number of carriages and, among them, the empty funeral coach.",
"At four hours and five minutes, the procession arrived at Brás, where a band was waiting to accompany it, playing sad chords; at , the Brotherhood of Nossa Senhora dos Remédios joined the burial; arriving at the \"city\", stores closed their doors and flags were flying at half-mast, while people crowded the streets where the burial was to take place; in the windows, families squeezed themselves to watch: all along the way, many mourned the loss.",
"Professor Otávio Torres recorded that Luís Gama died \"glorified by São Paulo\"; Antônio Loureiro de Sousa, in 1949, recorded: \"His funeral was an unprecedented spectacle: it was the largest ever reported in those days.",
"The crowd that followed the funeral cortege, with all silence and admiration, was forced to stop by the numerous speeches that interrupted the funeral procession\".",
"More recently, in 2013, article writer Zeca Borges declared that \"his burial was the most emotional event in the history of the city of São Paulo\".",
"People of all classes were there, and all vying for the chance to carry the skiff.",
"At one point, the slave driver carried on one side, and on the other, a haughty, \"poor, ragged, barefooted black man\", in Pompey's register.",
"It was already evening when the procession finally arrived at the Consolação holy ground, and the crowd held its ground.",
"After a brief stop for a sermon by a priest in the chapel, where the hundreds of wreaths of flowers were laid, the coffin was finally taken to the grave, where the crowd was waiting.",
"Before lowering it, however, someone - the doctor or , shouted for everyone to wait; after a brief speech in which he remembered the importance of Luís Gama, bringing everyone to tears, he summoned everyone to swear an oath not to let \"die the idea for which that giant had fought\": this was answered by a general roar from the crowd, which, hands extended to the coffin, swore.",
"His grave was purchased on the same day as the burial in the name of his wife Claudina, as recorded in Book 2, fols.",
"28, of the Municipal Archives; it is located on 2nd Street, grave 17.",
"Effects from the speeches\nGama's death and the engaged speech at his grave marked the end of this first phase of the abolitionist movement, markedly \"legalistic\" (constitution of funds for the acquisition of captives and their freedom, legal actions for liberation) and the beginning of the phase of effective actions to combat the slavers: led by Clímaco Barbosa, the campaign moved on to \"de facto ways\", where people took in runaway slaves, hiding them in their homes until they were sent to the Quilombo do Jabaquara, in Santos, and stimulating mass escape from the farms.",
"A milestone of this action was the invasion of Chácara Pari by members of the Brás Abolitionist Club, with cries of \"Long live the abolitionists, let the slavocrats die!",
"\"; people such as Barbosa, Antônio Bento, Feliciano Bicudo, among other notables and anonymous, became part of the police's list of suspects.",
"In 1879, recognizing that his illness was worsening, Luís Gama began to consider radical methods and Antônio Bento, who had left his position as a judge to dedicate himself to the anti-slavery struggle was of paramount importance in this area and was later considered \"the ghost of abolition\".",
"Antônio Bento inherited the position of lawyer for the Abolitionist Club upon Gama's death.",
"Later came the Abolitionist Party and the Caifazes movement, led by Antônio Bento, who radicalized the abolitionist campaign in actions as described in the first paragraph of the topic, which made Antônio Bento the immediate continuator of Luís Gama's work.",
"Homages and influences\n\nAmong his contemporaries Gama was the recipient of several tributes.",
"Raul Pompeia, in the of September 10, 1882, wrote an article about him entitled Última página da vida de um grande homem (Last page in the life of a great man); the same author wrote a caricature of him, which was published that same year on the front page of the Rio de Janeiro newspaper O Mequetrefe in August (No.",
"284), and also the unfinished novella A Mão de Luís Gama (The Hand of Luís Gama), originally published on the pages of the Jornal do Commercio, of São Paulo (1883), and the text A Morte de Luíz Gama (The death of Luíz Gama).",
"Some years after his death, and following the Abolition, the Luís Gama Lodge was founded by the São Paulo Freemason Góes and the collaboration of brothers from the Trabalho and Ordem e Progresso lodges, with the initiation of 25 blacks.",
"In his honor, in 1919, the (currently named one of its stations, today practically in ruins.",
"Between 1923 and 1926, in what may be considered the \"second period of the black press\" in the state of São Paulo, the newspaper Getulino appeared in the city of Campinas; in this city racism was stronger than in the state capital itself, and the publication was part of the movement for greater participation of blacks in society; its title was a \"tribute to Luís Gama who had as one of his pseudonyms Getulino\" and its influence would culminate in the creation of O Clarim da Alvorada, a newspaper in the São Paulo capital.",
"In , in São Paulo, there is a erected to his memory, erected on commission by the black community on the occasion of his centennial.",
"Over time it influenced several black Brazilian movements, such as the literary group Projeto Rhumor Negro of São Paulo, created in 1988, for whom Gama's letter to Mendonça is \"one of the most important historical documents of the Brazilian people.",
"(...) Given the magnitude of the life of this great man, this letter, crossing time, is also addressed to all of us\".",
"In 2014, in the wake of the success of the movie 12 Years a Slave, writer Ana Maria Gonçalves, author of the novelized work about Gama's life Um Defeito de Cor (A Color Defect), prepared a script for a movie and also drawing the attention of Brazilian television - pointing out that very little is said about slavery compared to other historical facts, such as the holocaust during World War II.",
"In 2015 the play \"Luiz Gama — Uma voz pela liberdade\" (\"Luiz Gama - A Voice for Freedom\") was started, with actor and scriptwriter Deo Garcez as the protagonist and actress Nivia Helen as narrator and various characters.",
"In 2017, the University of São Paulo Law School, in , named one of its rooms after him.",
"In 2018 his name was inscribed in the Steel Book of national heroes deposited in the Tancredo Neves Pantheon of the Fatherland and Freedom and was recognized as a journalist by the .",
"In 2019, it was announced that filmmaker would make a film on the life of Gama, with as the character in adulthood.",
"The film, then in production, was temporarily titled Prisioneiro da Liberdade (Prisoner of Liberty), also would feature actors Caio Blat and Zezé Motta.",
"The name of the film came to be Doutor Gama, with as the main character, and was released in 2021.",
"Also in 2019, the comic book Província Negra was published after winning the city of São Paulo's Fomento Cultural edict, portraying a fictional adventure based on the life of Gama, who takes on the role of the protagonist in the adventure.",
"The script is by Kaled Kanbour and the art by Kris Zullo.",
"In 2021, the University of São Paulo posthumously awarded him an Honoris Causa doctorate, the first black Brazilian to receive this title from the university.",
"Title of \"lawyer\"\n133 years after his death, on November 3, 2015, the Order of Attorneys of Brazil, São Paulo Section, granted him the title of \"lawyer\", since he was not trained and acted as a \"provisioned\" or abolitionist.",
"The tribute ceremony, entitled \"Luiz Gama: Ideas and Legacy of the Abolitionist Leader\", included two days of events at Mackenzie Presbyterian University, through debates and lectures.",
"The tribute is unprecedented in the history of the Order of Attorneys of Brazil; according to its national president, , \"It is a very fitting tribute to someone who fought so hard for freedom, equality, and respect\".",
"Image Abroad\nThe Black Past website, focused on global African and African American history, has a page with the poet's biography.",
"In March 2020, the workshop \"Slavery, Freedom and Civil Law in the Brazilian Courts (1860-1888): How the Black Lawyer Luiz Gama Developed a Legal Doctrine that Freed Five Hundred Slaves\" took place at Princeton University.",
"Complete work\nHistorian Bruno Rodrigues de Lima, from the Max Planck Institute, spent nine years going through archives and registry offices looking for the complete works of Luís Gama, in a project for the publication of ten volumes and approximately 5,000 pages in Portuguese entitled Obras Completas [Complete Works (of Luiz Gama)], alongside the publisher Hedra.",
"The project, published out of order, will be fully released by 2022.",
"Bruno Rodrigues has researched to create Luís Gama's timeline starting when he published his first text at the age of 19, and among his research findings is the fact that he was already recognized as a lawyer in his time, not a rábula- and that this denomination may have been created to diminish him.",
"Notes\n\nReferences\n\nBibliography\n\nScientific papers\n\nBooks\n\nAdditional reading\n - Used in the article body on oldid=1039809695 \n - Used in the article body on oldid=1039809695 \n - Used in the article body on oldid=1039809695\n\nExternal links\n\n A biography of Luís Gama (in English)\n A biography of Luís Gama \n Organization dedicated to Luiz Gama (in Portuguese)\n \n \n\n1830 births\n1882 deaths\nBrazilian lawyers\nBrazilian journalists\nRomantic poets\nBrazilian abolitionists\nPeople from Salvador, Bahia\nDeaths from diabetes\n19th-century journalists\nMale journalists\n19th-century Brazilian poets\nBrazilian male poets\n19th-century Brazilian male writers\nBrazilian Freemasons"
] | [
"Lus Gonzaga Pinto da Gama was a Brazilian who was a lawyer, orator, journalist and writer.",
"He was made a slave at the age of 10 and remained uneducated until the age of 17.",
"He won his freedom and began to work as a lawyer for the captives, and by the age of 29 he was already an established author.",
"Although considered one of the greats, works such as \"Apresentao da Poesia Brasileira\" do not mention his name.",
"Being himself also charged with passion, emotional and yet captivating, is what makes it difficult to find a biographer who does not become passionate when portraying him.",
"Boris Fausto claimed to have a \"soap opera biography\".",
"He was one of the few black intellectuals in Brazil in the 19th century who did not go through the experience of enslavement.",
"He died six years before the abolition of slavery and the end of the monarchy in Brazil were accomplished.",
"His name was added to the Steel Book of national heroes in the Tancredo Neves Pantheon of the Fatherland and Freedom.",
"In the middle of the 19th century, when So Paulo was still a small provincial capital, the price of slaves reached a level that made their urban possession.",
"It was common for the property of \"rent slaves\", on whose work their owners drew their source of sustenance, to be shared with the so-called \"domestic slaves\".",
"One of the only two law schools in the country had been established there, the Largo de So Francisco Law School, which received students from, and it had a population ten times smaller than that of the Court.",
"Lus Gama was born on June 21, 1830, at Bngala street No2, in the centre from the city of Salvador.",
"It is known that he was the son of a freed African ex-slave and a Portuguese fidalgo, even with little information about his childhood.",
"At the age of seven, his mother traveled to Rio de Janeiro to take part in the Sabinada revolt, never to see him again.",
"Lus Gama was sold as a slave to pay off his father's debts.",
"There is no evidence that his father sought him out after that.",
"When he was sold he was a victim of the crime of enslavement of a free person, who is in possession of his freedom.",
"The Criminal Code of the Empire of Brazil gave sanction to him shortly after he was born.",
"The sale of slaves from this province to other regions of Brazil was banned due to the revolts that took place in the province.",
"Although she stresses that the sobrado where he was born could not be verified, Lgia Ferreira, one of the researchers who has most studied Gama's life, points out that this information could not be verified.",
"He was rejected for being a Bahian.",
"After the Mal revolt, a stigma was created that the captives were more likely to run away.",
"He was sold to a slave trader who took him to So Paulo.",
"The slaves were taken on foot to be sold in Jundia and Campinas.",
"With all the buyers resisting buying him, he became a domestic slave on the ensign's property, working as a seamstress and shoemaker in the town of Lorena.",
"Lus Gama had contact with a law student who stayed at his master's house and taught him the alphabet.",
"After teaching the ensign's children to read, he used an argument in favor of his alforria, which was not successful.",
"Lus Gama joined the army after this because he was able to prove his freedom.",
"It is not clear if the testimony of his father was used to obtain his freedom or not.",
"There is a theory that if he ran away from the estate, he would be free because he could read and write, skills that most slaves did not possess.",
"He was imprisoned for 39 days due to \"insoburdination\" after threatening an officer who had insulted him.",
"He had married a woman in 1850.",
"He was chosen to work as a copyist for official authorities in his spare time because he had good calligraphy.",
"He was hired in 1856 as a clerk in the office of Francisco Maria de Souza Furtado de Mendona, a law professor.",
"With the knowledge of Francisco Mendona and having his library at his disposal, Lus Gama further studied the subject of law until he made the decision to graduate from the Largo de So Francisco Law School.",
"The students of the Faculty were against it, making it impossible for Lus Gama to enroll, so he began to study on his own.",
"In 1868, after acting in slave cases, he was dismissed from his position at the secretariat of police.",
"He was dismissed for the good of the public service because of the work he had been doing to free slaves who were in an illegal situation, as well as condemning the system's abuses.",
"Twelve years after he learned to read, he was placed in the literary pantheon of Brazil with his only work, Primeiras Trovas Burlescas.",
"The book is dedicated to the man who taught at the Largo de S. Francisco and who also managed his library there, as well as his friend José Bonif.",
"In 1904, the third edition of the work came out.",
"Gama was called \"Orpheus with a curly top\" because of the figure of the Greek poet, and he mastered both lyric and satirical poetry.",
"His poetics is written in the first person, without hiding his own origin and without failing to proclaim his blackness; at the same time, he does not fail to use the traditional images of his time.",
"The poets of the past, like Lamartine, for example.",
"The images are reverted to his condition, which is that the muse is from Guinea.",
"In portraying white society, he builds from the elements of white culture, the antithesis to the culture and civilization of the blacks, filling them with elements of traditional poetry; thus, he contrasts the \"Guinea muse\" to the Greco-Roman muses.",
"He attacks the system, belittling his own value before the prevailing cultural standards, and even ironizes the situation of the black man, cut off from wealth, the sciences, and the arts.",
"The poem was written in 1861.",
"The term Bodarrada was used to satirize Brazilian society, while affirming human equality regardless of color.",
"The first illustrated humorous newspaper in that city, called (Lame Devil), was founded in October of 1864.",
"He had worked in the editorial staff of Radical Paulistano before this.",
"His actions as a journalist and lawyer made him one of the most influential and popular figures in the city of So Paulo.",
"Even though he didn't become a rich man, he kept what little money he had to give to the needy who came to him.",
"Lus Gama was one of the few black abolitionists in Brazil.",
"He wrote articles for other newspapers about issues of Imperial Brazil.",
"After the death of a slave master, a judge allowed the auction of a former slave who had been freed by his son, according to an article in Foro de Belém de Jundia.",
"His journalistic and legal actions brought him many enemies, but a letter written to his son on September 23, 1870 makes it clear that he had been suffering threats.",
"The hebdomadrio was founded in 1866 by all three of them, who were members of the same Masonic lodge.",
"The America Masonic Lodge was active in the cause of abolition, founded by Lus Gama and Ruy Barbosa and Joaquim Nabuco may also have been a member.",
"He was the institution's Venerable Master at the time of his death.",
"In 1969 he collaborated with Olmpio da Paixo to create a free school for children and an evening primary school in the 25 de Maro Street.",
"There is a manuscript that shows that the creation of a community library with 5 thousand titles was done by the man known as \"Gama\", and his manifestos published in the newspaper \"Democracia\" show his commitment to the cause.",
"The \"Gama style\" of judicial practice made it illegal to bring slaves into Brazil as soon as they arrived in the country.",
"The law was passed to appease British pressure for the abolition of slavery in Brazil, without actually ending the importation of slaves.",
"Although it was not a law enforced by slave traders, it was the legal instrument used to achieve the liberation of slaves.",
"The so-called \"Gama style\" consisted of proving through legal proceedings that the enslaved blacks were brought illegally to Brazil and should therefore be freed.",
"More freed slaves were obtained with the promulgation of the Lei do Ventre Livre.",
"The requirement of registration of slaves was established in one of the items of the law.",
"The argument for his alforria could be made if the slave did not have a registration.",
"According to article 4 of the law, the purchase of the slave's manumission charter by the slave himself or by others, allowed abolitionists to pass themselves off as slave valuers and lower the purchase price, allowing them to buy more freedom at lower prices.",
"Although he acted mainly in the defense of blacks accused of crimes, he did not refuse to attend to the poor of any ethnicity, and there were cases in which he defended European immigrants injured by Brazilians.",
"Newly freed slaves were helped by Gama to find a job.",
"In his autobiographical letter to Lcio de Mendona, he estimated that he had freed more than 500 slaves from captivity and in an 1869 court case known as the \"Netto Question\", he secured the freedom of 217 slaves.",
"The judge was forced to suspend the session because of the confusion caused by the famous phrase \"The slave who kills the master, in whatever circumstance, always kills in self-defense.\"",
"The biography of Lus Gama was written by Lcio de Mendona and was published in the Almanaque Literrio de So Paulo.",
"An article in the Estado de So Paulo says that this concept reappears several times in his work, and a historian says that this concept reappears several times in his work.",
"In December of 1880, four slaves were considered \"four Spartacus\" by their master, who had murdered the son of their master, and had been executed by 300 people.",
"Lus Gama thought it was funny to see slavers of multi-ethnic origin trying to pass themselves off as whites.",
"He said that he wouldn't claim that his father was white because it constituted grave danger before the truth.",
"One day, the lawyer replied \"I am not a goat, I am black\", after Colonel Teodoro Xavier called him \"Goat\" for having already lost a slave to him.",
"My color doesn't deny it.",
"A goat is your honor who is going to disguise himself with a light colored mulatto.",
"Before he exposed his ideas in the article \"The American Brazil and the lands of Cruzeiro without king or slaves\" he was affiliated with the Liberal Party.",
"On July 2, 1873, he came to participate in the First Republican Congress, which was already part of the Paulista Republican Party, after being part of a group that tried to found a republican party.",
"He left the party because he believed that abolition should be immediate and without compensation to the slaveholders, and he criticized it in the media, but also published advertisements about the capture of slaves.",
"Three days before his death, the writer Raul Pompeia noticed that Gama's health was not good and that he had to rely on the support of his friends Pedro, Brasil Silvado, or himself.",
"The person has diabetes.",
"On the morning of August 24, 1882, he lost his speech and despite the intervention of more than 20 doctors, this was the causa mortis that hurt him that afternoon.",
"When he heard of the death of the great liberator, he immediately went to his friend's house, where he found many people already there.",
"His face was sculpted in plaster after he was placed in a coffin in the front room.",
"The coffin left at three o'clock in the afternoon.",
"The widow cried before the coffin was closed.",
"The funeral coach was going to take him to the cemetery at the other end of town, but the crowd of people who had gathered there would not let him go.",
"The doors of Commerce had been closed.",
"The coffin was brought by friends of the deceased, and was followed by a large crowd.",
"The Brotherhood of Nossa Senhora dos Remédios joined the burial and the procession arrived at the city at four hours and five minutes.",
"The funeral of Lus Gama was the largest ever reported in those days.",
"The crowd that followed the funeral cortege, with all silence and admiration, was forced to stop by the speeches that interrupted the funeral procession.",
"The most emotional event in the history of the city of So Paulo was his burial.",
"The people of all classes were vying for the chance to carry the boat.",
"At one point, the slave driver carried on one side, and on the other, a poor, ragged, barefooted black man was in Pompey's register.",
"The crowd held its ground when the procession finally arrived at the Consolao holy ground.",
"The coffin was taken to the grave after a brief stop for a sermon by the priest in the chapel.",
"Before lowering it, someone shouted for everyone to wait, after a brief speech in which he remembered the importance of Lus Gama, he summoned everyone to swear an oath not to let \"die the idea for which that giant had.\"",
"His grave was purchased on the same day as the burial in the name of his wife.",
"The Municipal Archives is located on 2nd Street.",
"The end of the first phase of the abolitionist movement was marked by the speech at his grave and the constitution of funds for the acquisition of captives and their freedom.",
"The invasion of Chcara Pari was a milestone of this action, with cries of \"long live the abolitionists, let the slavocrats die!\"",
"Barbosa, Bento, Bicudo, and other notables became part of the police's list of suspects.",
"In 1879, Lus Gama began to consider radical methods, and Antnio Bento, who had left his position as a judge to dedicate himself to the anti-slavery struggle, was considered the ghost of abolition.",
"The position of lawyer for the Abolitionist Club was taken over by Antnio Bento.",
"The Abolitionist Party and the Caifazes movement were led by Antnio Bento, who radicalized the abolitionist campaign in actions as described in the first paragraph of the topic.",
"He was the recipient of several tributes.",
"The same author wrote an article about him in September of 1882 and also wrote a caricature of him.",
"The unfinished novella A Mo de Lus Gama was originally published on the pages of the Jornal do Commercio of So Paulo.",
"The Lus Gama Lodge was founded by the So Paulo Freemason Ges and the collaboration of brothers from the other lodges, with the initiation of 25 blacks.",
"In 1919, one of its stations was named in his honor.",
"In the second period of the black press in the state of So Paulo, the newspaper Getulino appeared in the city of Campinas, where racism was stronger than in the state capital itself.",
"The black community in So Paulo erected a memorial to him on the occasion of his 100th birthday.",
"The letter to Mendona is one of the most important historical documents of the Brazilian people and influenced several black Brazilian movements.",
"This letter, crossing time, is also addressed to all of us, given the magnitude of the life of this great man.",
"In the wake of the success of the movie 12 Years a Slave, writer Ana Maria Gonalves prepared a script for a movie and also drew attention to it.",
"The play \"Luiz Gama - A Voice for Freedom\" was started in 2015, with Nivia Helen as the narrator and the main character.",
"The University of So Paulo Law School named one of its rooms after him.",
"His name was included in the Steel Book of national heroes deposited in the Tancredo Neves Pantheon of the Fatherland and Freedom and he was recognized as a journalist.",
"A film about the life of Gama will be made in the year 2019.",
"The film was temporarily titled Prisioneiro da Liberdade (Prisoner of Liberty), and would feature actors Caio Blat and Zezé Motta.",
"The film was named after the main character, and was released in 2021.",
"The comic book Provncia Negra was published after winning the city of So Paulo's Fomento Cultural edict, portraying a fictional adventure based on the life of Gama, who takes on the role of the main character in the adventure.",
"The script was written by Kaled Kanbour and the art was created by Kris Zullo.",
"He was the first black Brazilian to receive an Honoris Causa doctorate from the University of So Paulo.",
"On November 3, 2015, the Order of Attorneys of Brazil, So Paulo Section, granted him the title of \"lawyer\", since he was not trained and acted as a \"provisioned\" or abolitionist.",
"There were two days of events at the university as part of the tribute ceremony.",
"According to the national president of the Order of Attorneys of Brazil, the tribute is a very fitting tribute to someone who fought so hard for freedom, equality, and respect.",
"There is a page with the poet's biography on the Black Past website.",
"The workshop \"Slavery, Freedom and Civil Law in the Brazilian Courts (1860-1888): How the Black Lawyer Luiz Gama developed a Legal Doctrine that Freed Five hundred Slaves\" was held in March 2020.",
"A historian from the Max Planck Institute spent nine years going through archives and registry offices looking for the complete works of Lus Gama, in a project for the publication of ten volumes and approximately 5,000 pages in Portuguese.",
"The project will be released by 2022.",
"Bruno Rodrigues has researched to create Lus Gama's timeline starting when he published his first text at the age of 19 and finding that he was already recognized as a lawyer in his time, not a rbula.",
"References include scientific papers, books, and a biography of Lus Gama."
] | <mask> (Salvador, June 21, 1830 – São Paulo, August 24, 1882) was a Brazilian (self-taught lawyer), abolitionist, orator, journalist and writer, and the Patron of the . Born to a free black mother and a white father, he was nevertheless made a slave at the age of 10, and remained illiterate until the age of 17. He judicially won his own freedom and began to work as a lawyer on behalf of the captives, and by the age of 29 he was already an established author and considered "the greatest abolitionist in Brazil". Although considered one of the exponents of , works such as Manuel Bandeira's "Apresentação da Poesia Brasileira" do not even mention his name. He had such a unique life that it is difficult to find, among his biographers, any who do not become passionate when portraying him - being himself also charged with passion, emotional and yet captivating. Despite this the historian Boris Fausto declared that he owned a "soap opera biography". He was one of the rare black intellectuals in 19th century slave-owning Brazil, the only self-taught and the only one to have gone through the experience of captivity.He spent his life fighting for the abolition of slavery and for the end of the monarchy in Brazil, but died six years before these causes were accomplished. In 2018 his name was inscribed in the Steel Book of national heroes deposited in the Tancredo Neves Pantheon of the Fatherland and Freedom. Panorama from the time
São Paulo, where <mask> lived for forty-two years, was in the middle of the 19th century a still small provincial capital that, with the demand for coffee production from the 1870s on, saw the price of slaves reach a level that made their urban possession almost prohibitive. Until this period, however, it was quite common the property of "rent slaves", on whose work their owners drew their source of sustenance, alongside the so-called "domestic slaves". It had a population ten times smaller than that of the Court (Rio de Janeiro), and a very strong presence of legal culture because, since 1828, one of the only two law schools in the country had been established there, the Largo de São Francisco Law School, which received students from all over the country, coming from all social strata - besides the children of the rural oligarchy, members of the intellectual elite that was being formed at the time (<mask> defined it, then, as "Noah's Ark in a small way"). Childhood and slavery
<mask> <mask> was born on June 21, 1830, at Bângala street Nº2, in the centre from the city of Salvador, Bahia. Even with little information about his childhood, it is known that he was the son of <mask>a Mahin, a freed African ex-slave, and the son of a Portuguese fidalgo who lived in Bahia.At the age of seven, his mother traveled to Rio de Janeiro to participate in the Sabinada revolt, never to meet him again. In 1840, his father ended up in debt with gambling, so he resorted to selling <mask> <mask> as a slave to pay his debts. There is no evidence that his father sought him out after that. As an adult, <mask> understood that when he was sold he was a victim of the crime of "Enslaving a free person, who is in possession of his freedom. ", provided in Article 179 from Criminal Code of the Empire of Brazil, sanctioned shortly after his birth. Furthermore, due to the fact that the revolts that took place in Bahia led to the prohibition of the sale of slaves from this province to other regions of Brazil, the sale and transport of <mask> <mask> to São Paulo was constituted as contraband. In an autobiographical letter he sent in 1880 to , he describes his birth and early childhood thus:
Lígia Ferreira, one of the researchers who has most studied <mask>'s life, points out that this information could not be verified, although she stresses that the sobrado where he was born still exists; the register of his baptism could not be found, and adds to this the fact that the omission of his father's name from his account casts doubt on his real identity.Put up for sale, he was rejected "for being Bahian". After the Malê revolt, a stigma was created that Bahian captives were rebellious and more likely to run away. He was taken to Rio de Janeiro where he was sold to Antonio Pereira Cardoso, a slave trader who took him to be resold in São Paulo. From the Port of Santos, <mask> and the other slaves were taken on foot to be sold in Jundiaí and Campinas. With all the buyers resisting buying him because he was from Bahia, <mask> began working as a domestic slave on the ensign's property, washing and ironing clothes, and then became a , working as a seamstress and shoemaker in the town of Lorena. Freedom and adulthood
In 1847, <mask> <mask> had contact with a law student, Antônio Rodrigues do Prado Júnior, who stayed at his master's house and taught him the alphabet. The following year <mask> was already literate and had taught the ensign's children to read, which he used as an argument in favor of his alforria, which was not successful.With this, <mask> <mask> was able to prove his freedom and joined the army in 1848. It remains unclear, however, the artifices used by <mask> to obtain his freedom, and it is suggested that he may have used the testimony of his father - whose identity he was careful to keep obscure. There is also the theory that <mask> would have run away from the estate and argued that he was free because he could read and write, which were skills that most slaves did not possessed. He was part of the City Guard from 1848 until 1954, when he was imprisoned for 39 days due to "insoburdination" after "threatening an insolent officer" who had insulted him. Before that, in 1850, he had married Claudina Fortunata Sampaio. Even while serving in the army, he was chosen to work as a copyist for official authorities in his spare time, since he had good calligraphy. In 1856, he was hired as a clerk at the São Paulo Police Department, in the office of Francisco Maria de Souza Furtado de Mendonça, a counselor and law professor.With the knowledge of Francisco Mendonça and having his library at his disposal, <mask> <mask> further studied the subject of law until he made the decision to graduate from the Largo de São Francisco Law School. However, the students of the Faculty were against it, making it impossible for <mask> <mask> to enroll, so he began to study on his own, as attending classes as a listener and became a "rábula", the name given to the individual who had enough legal knowledge to be a lawyer, even without a law degree. After acting in slave cases, <mask> was dismissed from his position at the Secretariat of Police, in 1868, due to pressure from who were dissatisfied with the freedoms won by the rábula. <mask> defined his dismissal "for the good of the public service" as a consequence of the work he had been doing to free slaves who were in an illegal situation, in addition to denouncing the system's abuses, or, in his words
Literature
<mask> was a reader of the Vida de Jesus (Life of Jesus), by the French philosopher Ernest Renan, originally published in 1863 and soon translated in Brazil, being one of the first to refer to it in the country. His only work, originally published in two editions (1859 and 1861), Primeiras Trovas Burlescas, placed him in the literary pantheon of Brazil only twelve years after he learned to read. This book, dedicated to Salvador Furtado de Mendonça, a magistrate who taught at the Largo de S. Francisco and who also managed his library there (which allows us to infer that he facilitated <mask>'s access to his collection), also has poems by his friend José Bonifácio the Younger, attached. The third edition of the work only came out posthumously, in 1904.Poetry: the "Orpheus with a curly top"
Recalling the figure of the Greek poet Orpheus, and alluding to his curly hair, <mask> was called "Orpheus with a curly top", and mastered both lyric and satirical poetry. His poetics is written in the first person, without hiding his own origin and without failing to proclaim his blackness; at the same time, he does not fail to use the traditional images of his time, such as mythological evocations (like Orpheus, Cupid, etc.) or the poets of the past (like Lamartine, Camões, for example). However, <mask> reverts these images to his condition: the muse is from Guinea, Orpheus has "curly top". In portraying white society, he uses strongly satirical images:
He builds, from the elements of white culture, the antithesis to the culture and civilization of the blacks, filling them with elements of traditional poetry; thus, he contrasts the "Guinea muse" to the Greco-Roman muses; the dark granite to the white marble; the marimba and the cabaço to the lyre and the flute:
In his verses, he traces an image of himself that is far from the figure of the "poor wretch" or sufferer that figures in the blacks painted by contemporary white poets like Castro Alves. <mask> hits himself with the same fierce criticism with which he attacks the system, belittling his own value before the prevailing cultural standards, which he implicitly accepts:
<mask> even ironizes the situation of the black man, cut off from wealth, the sciences, and the arts:
Goat
"Goat" (Bode) was a term used in <mask>'s time to make pejorative references to black and pardo people, more specifically, "gathering of mixed-race people", and the poet himself was the target of these offenses. Thus, in 1861, in the poem Quem sou eu?also known as Bodarrada, <mask> used the term ironically to satirize Brazilian society, while affirming human equality regardless of color:
Abolitionist Activism
Journalism and Freemasonry
Part of <mask> <mask>'s abolitionist activism resided in his activity in the press. He began his journalistic career in São Paulo, together with cartoonist Angelo Agostini; both founded, in 1864, the first illustrated humorous newspaper in that city, called (Lame Devil), which lasted from October 1864 until November 1865. Before this, however, he had been an apprentice printer at O Ipiranga and had worked in the editorial staff of Radical Paulistano. His actions as a journalist and lawyer, as early as 1869, had made him one of the most influential and popular figures in the city of São Paulo. Despite this, <mask> did not become a rich man and kept what little money he had to donate to the needy who came to him. <mask> <mask> was the only black abolitionist in Brazil to have experienced slavery. But <mask> also wrote articles for other newspapers, in which he discoursed on socio-racial issues of Imperial Brazil.In an article entitled Foro de Belém de Jundiaí, published in , <mask> denounces the decision of a judge who, after the death of a slave master, allowed the auction of a former slave who had been freed by his heir son. His journalistic and legal actions brought him many enemies, and the author Julio Emílio Braz even claims that Dioguinho was hired to assassinate him when <mask> was nearing the end of his life, but a letter written to his son on September 23, 1870 makes it clear that he had been suffering threats against his life for some time. In 1866, still with Agostini, now joined by , they founded the hebdomadário ; all three belonged to the same Masonic lodge, and shared the same republican and abolitionist ideals. The America Masonic Lodge was very active in the abolitionist cause; it was founded by <mask> <mask> and Ruy Barbosa and Joaquim Nabuco (who omits his Masonic background) may also have been a member. At the time of his death, <mask> was the institution's Venerable Master. One of his projects within the freemasonry was, in June 1969, through the America Lodge and together with Olímpio da Paixão, the creation of a free school for children and an evening primary school for adults in the 25 de Março Street. Historian Bruno Rodrigues de Lima also found a manuscript that presents the idea that <mask> had been responsible for the creation of a community library with 5 thousand titles, something that was attributed to the Loja América, and his manifestos published in the newspaper "Democracia" demonstrate his commitment to a project of a public and secular school at least 30 years before the first debates on this subject.The "Gama style" of judicial practice
In 1831, a law was passed that prohibited the importation of slaves into Brazil, making any trafficked individual free as soon as he or she arrived in the country. Called the , it became better known as a , because it was a law passed to appease British pressure for the abolition of slavery in Brazil, without actually putting an end to the importation of slaves. Although it was not a law enforced by slave traders, it was the legal instrument by which <mask> used to achieve the liberation of slaves. The so-called "Gama style" consisted of proving through legal proceedings that the enslaved blacks defended by <mask> were brought illegally to Brazil, that is, after the promulgation of the Feijó Law in 1831, and should therefore be freed. With the promulgation of the Lei do Ventre Livre (Free Womb Law) in 1871, <mask> was able to get more freed slaves. In one of the items of the law, it was established the requirement of registration of each slave that a master owned. If the slave did not have a registration, it could be used as an argument for his alforria, as <mask> did.Also, article 4 of the law formalized the purchase of the slave's manumission charter by the slave himself or by others, which allowed abolitionists to pass themselves off as slave valuers and lower the purchase price, allowing <mask> and other abolitionists to buy more freedoms at lower prices. Although he acted mainly in the defense of blacks accused of crimes, of those who fled or to seek their legal freedoms, he did not refuse to attend gracefully to the poor of any ethnicity, and there were cases in which he defended European immigrants injured by Brazilians. <mask> also helped newly freed slaves find a job. In his autobiographical letter to Lúcio de Mendonça, <mask> estimates that he had already freed more than 500 slaves from captivity and in an 1869 court case known as the "Netto Question", <mask> secured the freedom of 217 slaves, in an act regarded as the "largest known collective action to free slaves in the Americas," according to the BBC. During a jury, <mask> uttered a phrase that became famous: The slave who kills the master, in whatever circumstance, always kills in self-defense - this provoked such a reaction from those present that, with the confusion, the judge was forced to suspend the session. Historian Ligia Fonseca Ferreira says that this phrase actually appeared in the biography of <mask> <mask> written by Lúcio de Mendonça and published in the Almanaque Literário de São Paulo, explaining that "This phrase is not by Luiz <mask>, it is by this white friend who wrote about him". An article in the Estado de São Paulo also says that <mask> never wrote these words in exact, and historian Bruno Rodrigues de Lima says that this concept reappears several times in his work.In one example, in the Letter to Ferreira de Menezes dated December 18, 1880, when defending 4 slaves considered "four Spartacus" by <mask>, who had murdered the son of their master Valeriano José do Vale, and had been executed by 300 people while inside the prision by "...the knife, the stick, the hoe, the axe...", <mask> said:
An equivalent sentence was published on August 19, 1882 as the subtitle of the article "To the slavocrats", written by Raul Pompeia, in the Abolitionist Center's newspaper "ÇA IRA": "Before the Law, the crime of homicide perpetrated by the slave in the person of the master is justifiable". Ethnic views
<mask> <mask> was against African descendants who acted like whites or even became cruel slavers, and he thought it was funny to see slavers of multi-ethnic origin trying to pass themselves off as whites. About his father, he said, "My father, I dare not claim that he was white, because such claims, in this country, constitute grave danger before the truth". Colonel Teodoro Xavier hated <mask> <mask> for having already lost a slave to him, so he called him "Goat", trying to insult him, to which one day, the lawyer replied: "I am not a goat, I am black. My color does not deny it. A goat is your honor who intends to disguise, with this light color, the mulatto underneath". Political Activity
In his political activities <mask> was affiliated to Liberal Party and before the he had already exposed his ideas in the article "The American Brazil and the lands of Cruzeiro without king or slaves" published on December 2, 1869.Later, <mask> was part of the group that for the first time tried to found a republican party and on July 2, 1873, he came to participate in the First Republican Congress, already part of the Paulista Republican Party, where he found that the party and its members, many slave owners, did not care or interest themselves in the abolitionist agenda. Because he believed that abolition should be immediate and without compensation to the slaveholders, he left the party and started criticizing it in the media, and these criticisms also extended to newspapers that claimed to be in favor of the abolitionist cause, but published advertisements about the capture of slaves. Death and burial
The writer Raul Pompeia had already noticed that <mask>'s health was not good; three days before his death he had observed that <mask> no longer climbed down the stairs of his office without support, resorting to the support of his friends Pedro, Brasil Silvado, or himself, Raul. <mask> had diabetes. On the morning of August 24, 1882 he had lost his speech and despite the intervention of more than 20 doctors, this was the causa mortis that victimized him that afternoon, certified by physician Jaime Perna. When the great abolitionist and slave liberator had died, Raul Pompeia expressed his incredulity and, registering every moment of the funeral, he immediately went to his friend's house, where he verified that many people were already there, keeping vigil: in front of the house, men cried "like cowards", and ladies sobbed. His body had been placed in a coffin in the front room; a sculptor molded his face in plaster.The coffin left the next day at three o'clock in the afternoon. Just before the coffin was closed, the widow gave a painful cry. The cemetery was at the other end of town, and a funeral coach had been prepared to take him, but the crowd of people who had flocked there would not let him go: "Everyone's friend" - as he was known - would have to be "carried by everyone". Commerce had closed its doors and flowers were thrown to Gama. The coffin appears, brought by friends of the deceased: journalist and member of the Centro Abolicionista Gaspar da Silva, Dr. Antônio Carlos, Dr. Pinto Ferraz, , among others; ahead of the coffin followed a huge crowd, like the one squeezed in beside, disputing the honor of carrying the coffin; behind, a large number of carriages and, among them, the empty funeral coach. At four hours and five minutes, the procession arrived at Brás, where a band was waiting to accompany it, playing sad chords; at , the Brotherhood of Nossa Senhora dos Remédios joined the burial; arriving at the "city", stores closed their doors and flags were flying at half-mast, while people crowded the streets where the burial was to take place; in the windows, families squeezed themselves to watch: all along the way, many mourned the loss. Professor Otávio Torres recorded that <mask> <mask> died "glorified by São Paulo"; Antônio Loureiro de Sousa, in 1949, recorded: "His funeral was an unprecedented spectacle: it was the largest ever reported in those days.The crowd that followed the funeral cortege, with all silence and admiration, was forced to stop by the numerous speeches that interrupted the funeral procession". More recently, in 2013, article writer Zeca Borges declared that "his burial was the most emotional event in the history of the city of São Paulo". People of all classes were there, and all vying for the chance to carry the skiff. At one point, the slave driver carried on one side, and on the other, a haughty, "poor, ragged, barefooted black man", in Pompey's register. It was already evening when the procession finally arrived at the Consolação holy ground, and the crowd held its ground. After a brief stop for a sermon by a priest in the chapel, where the hundreds of wreaths of flowers were laid, the coffin was finally taken to the grave, where the crowd was waiting. Before lowering it, however, someone - the doctor or , shouted for everyone to wait; after a brief speech in which he remembered the importance of <mask> <mask>, bringing everyone to tears, he summoned everyone to swear an oath not to let "die the idea for which that giant had fought": this was answered by a general roar from the crowd, which, hands extended to the coffin, swore.His grave was purchased on the same day as the burial in the name of his wife Claudina, as recorded in Book 2, fols. 28, of the Municipal Archives; it is located on 2nd Street, grave 17. Effects from the speeches
<mask>'s death and the engaged speech at his grave marked the end of this first phase of the abolitionist movement, markedly "legalistic" (constitution of funds for the acquisition of captives and their freedom, legal actions for liberation) and the beginning of the phase of effective actions to combat the slavers: led by Clímaco Barbosa, the campaign moved on to "de facto ways", where people took in runaway slaves, hiding them in their homes until they were sent to the Quilombo do Jabaquara, in Santos, and stimulating mass escape from the farms. A milestone of this action was the invasion of Chácara Pari by members of the Brás Abolitionist Club, with cries of "Long live the abolitionists, let the slavocrats die! "; people such as Barbosa, Antônio Bento, Feliciano Bicudo, among other notables and anonymous, became part of the police's list of suspects. In 1879, recognizing that his illness was worsening, <mask> <mask> began to consider radical methods and Antônio Bento, who had left his position as a judge to dedicate himself to the anti-slavery struggle was of paramount importance in this area and was later considered "the ghost of abolition". Antônio Bento inherited the position of lawyer for the Abolitionist Club upon <mask>'s death.Later came the Abolitionist Party and the Caifazes movement, led by Antônio Bento, who radicalized the abolitionist campaign in actions as described in the first paragraph of the topic, which made Antônio Bento the immediate continuator of <mask> <mask>'s work. Homages and influences
Among his contemporaries <mask> was the recipient of several tributes. Raul Pompeia, in the of September 10, 1882, wrote an article about him entitled Última página da vida de um grande homem (Last page in the life of a great man); the same author wrote a caricature of him, which was published that same year on the front page of the Rio de Janeiro newspaper O Mequetrefe in August (No. 284), and also the unfinished novella A Mão de Luís Gama (The Hand of Luís Gama), originally published on the pages of the Jornal do Commercio, of São Paulo (1883), and the text A Morte de Luíz Gama (The death of Luíz Gama). Some years after his death, and following the Abolition, the Luís Gama Lodge was founded by the São Paulo Freemason Góes and the collaboration of brothers from the Trabalho and Ordem e Progresso lodges, with the initiation of 25 blacks. In his honor, in 1919, the (currently named one of its stations, today practically in ruins. Between 1923 and 1926, in what may be considered the "second period of the black press" in the state of São Paulo, the newspaper Getulino appeared in the city of Campinas; in this city racism was stronger than in the state capital itself, and the publication was part of the movement for greater participation of blacks in society; its title was a "tribute to Luís Gama who had as one of his pseudonyms Getulino" and its influence would culminate in the creation of O Clarim da Alvorada, a newspaper in the São Paulo capital.In , in São Paulo, there is a erected to his memory, erected on commission by the black community on the occasion of his centennial. Over time it influenced several black Brazilian movements, such as the literary group Projeto Rhumor Negro of São Paulo, created in 1988, for whom <mask>'s letter to Mendonça is "one of the most important historical documents of the Brazilian people. (...) Given the magnitude of the life of this great man, this letter, crossing time, is also addressed to all of us". In 2014, in the wake of the success of the movie 12 Years a Slave, writer Ana Maria Gonçalves, author of the novelized work about <mask>'s life Um Defeito de Cor (A Color Defect), prepared a script for a movie and also drawing the attention of Brazilian television - pointing out that very little is said about slavery compared to other historical facts, such as the holocaust during World War II. In 2015 the play "Luiz <mask> — Uma voz pela liberdade" ("Luiz <mask> - A Voice for Freedom") was started, with actor and scriptwriter Deo Garcez as the protagonist and actress Nivia Helen as narrator and various characters. In 2017, the University of São Paulo Law School, in , named one of its rooms after him. In 2018 his name was inscribed in the Steel Book of national heroes deposited in the Tancredo Neves Pantheon of the Fatherland and Freedom and was recognized as a journalist by the .In 2019, it was announced that filmmaker would make a film on the life of <mask>, with as the character in adulthood. The film, then in production, was temporarily titled Prisioneiro da Liberdade (Prisoner of Liberty), also would feature actors Caio Blat and Zezé Motta. The name of the film came to be Doutor <mask>, with as the main character, and was released in 2021. Also in 2019, the comic book Província Negra was published after winning the city of São Paulo's Fomento Cultural edict, portraying a fictional adventure based on the life of <mask>, who takes on the role of the protagonist in the adventure. The script is by Kaled Kanbour and the art by Kris Zullo. In 2021, the University of São Paulo posthumously awarded him an Honoris Causa doctorate, the first black Brazilian to receive this title from the university. Title of "lawyer"
133 years after his death, on November 3, 2015, the Order of Attorneys of Brazil, São Paulo Section, granted him the title of "lawyer", since he was not trained and acted as a "provisioned" or abolitionist.The tribute ceremony, entitled "Luiz <mask>: Ideas and Legacy of the Abolitionist Leader", included two days of events at Mackenzie Presbyterian University, through debates and lectures. The tribute is unprecedented in the history of the Order of Attorneys of Brazil; according to its national president, , "It is a very fitting tribute to someone who fought so hard for freedom, equality, and respect". Image Abroad
The Black Past website, focused on global African and African American history, has a page with the poet's biography. In March 2020, the workshop "Slavery, Freedom and Civil Law in the Brazilian Courts (1860-1888): How the Black Lawyer Luiz <mask> Developed a Legal Doctrine that Freed Five Hundred Slaves" took place at Princeton University. Complete work
Historian Bruno Rodrigues de Lima, from the Max Planck Institute, spent nine years going through archives and registry offices looking for the complete works of <mask> <mask>, in a project for the publication of ten volumes and approximately 5,000 pages in Portuguese entitled Obras Completas [Complete Works (of Luiz <mask>)], alongside the publisher Hedra. The project, published out of order, will be fully released by 2022. Bruno Rodrigues has researched to create <mask> <mask>'s timeline starting when he published his first text at the age of 19, and among his research findings is the fact that he was already recognized as a lawyer in his time, not a rábula- and that this denomination may have been created to diminish him.Notes
References
Bibliography
Scientific papers
Books
Additional reading
- Used in the article body on oldid=1039809695
- Used in the article body on oldid=1039809695
- Used in the article body on oldid=1039809695
External links
A biography of <mask> <mask> (in English)
A biography of Luís Gama
Organization dedicated to Luiz <mask> (in Portuguese)
1830 births
1882 deaths
Brazilian lawyers
Brazilian journalists
Romantic poets
Brazilian abolitionists
People from Salvador, Bahia
Deaths from diabetes
19th-century journalists
Male journalists
19th-century Brazilian poets
Brazilian male poets
19th-century Brazilian male writers
Brazilian Freemasons | [
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] | <mask> was a Brazilian who was a lawyer, orator, journalist and writer. He was made a slave at the age of 10 and remained uneducated until the age of 17. He won his freedom and began to work as a lawyer for the captives, and by the age of 29 he was already an established author. Although considered one of the greats, works such as "Apresentao da Poesia Brasileira" do not mention his name. Being himself also charged with passion, emotional and yet captivating, is what makes it difficult to find a biographer who does not become passionate when portraying him. Boris Fausto claimed to have a "soap opera biography". He was one of the few black intellectuals in Brazil in the 19th century who did not go through the experience of enslavement.He died six years before the abolition of slavery and the end of the monarchy in Brazil were accomplished. His name was added to the Steel Book of national heroes in the Tancredo Neves Pantheon of the Fatherland and Freedom. In the middle of the 19th century, when So Paulo was still a small provincial capital, the price of slaves reached a level that made their urban possession. It was common for the property of "rent slaves", on whose work their owners drew their source of sustenance, to be shared with the so-called "domestic slaves". One of the only two law schools in the country had been established there, the Largo de So Francisco Law School, which received students from, and it had a population ten times smaller than that of the Court. Lus <mask> was born on June 21, 1830, at Bngala street No2, in the centre from the city of Salvador. It is known that he was the son of a freed African ex-slave and a Portuguese fidalgo, even with little information about his childhood.At the age of seven, his mother traveled to Rio de Janeiro to take part in the Sabinada revolt, never to see him again. Lus <mask> was sold as a slave to pay off his father's debts. There is no evidence that his father sought him out after that. When he was sold he was a victim of the crime of enslavement of a free person, who is in possession of his freedom. The Criminal Code of the Empire of Brazil gave sanction to him shortly after he was born. The sale of slaves from this province to other regions of Brazil was banned due to the revolts that took place in the province. Although she stresses that the sobrado where he was born could not be verified, Lgia Ferreira, one of the researchers who has most studied <mask>'s life, points out that this information could not be verified.He was rejected for being a Bahian. After the Mal revolt, a stigma was created that the captives were more likely to run away. He was sold to a slave trader who took him to So Paulo. The slaves were taken on foot to be sold in Jundia and Campinas. With all the buyers resisting buying him, he became a domestic slave on the ensign's property, working as a seamstress and shoemaker in the town of Lorena. Lus <mask> had contact with a law student who stayed at his master's house and taught him the alphabet. After teaching the ensign's children to read, he used an argument in favor of his alforria, which was not successful.Lus <mask> joined the army after this because he was able to prove his freedom. It is not clear if the testimony of his father was used to obtain his freedom or not. There is a theory that if he ran away from the estate, he would be free because he could read and write, skills that most slaves did not possess. He was imprisoned for 39 days due to "insoburdination" after threatening an officer who had insulted him. He had married a woman in 1850. He was chosen to work as a copyist for official authorities in his spare time because he had good calligraphy. He was hired in 1856 as a clerk in the office of Francisco Maria de Souza Furtado de Mendona, a law professor.With the knowledge of Francisco Mendona and having his library at his disposal, Lus <mask> further studied the subject of law until he made the decision to graduate from the Largo de So Francisco Law School. The students of the Faculty were against it, making it impossible for Lus <mask> to enroll, so he began to study on his own. In 1868, after acting in slave cases, he was dismissed from his position at the secretariat of police. He was dismissed for the good of the public service because of the work he had been doing to free slaves who were in an illegal situation, as well as condemning the system's abuses. Twelve years after he learned to read, he was placed in the literary pantheon of Brazil with his only work, Primeiras Trovas Burlescas. The book is dedicated to the man who taught at the Largo de S. Francisco and who also managed his library there, as well as his friend José Bonif. In 1904, the third edition of the work came out.<mask> was called "Orpheus with a curly top" because of the figure of the Greek poet, and he mastered both lyric and satirical poetry. His poetics is written in the first person, without hiding his own origin and without failing to proclaim his blackness; at the same time, he does not fail to use the traditional images of his time. The poets of the past, like Lamartine, for example. The images are reverted to his condition, which is that the muse is from Guinea. In portraying white society, he builds from the elements of white culture, the antithesis to the culture and civilization of the blacks, filling them with elements of traditional poetry; thus, he contrasts the "Guinea muse" to the Greco-Roman muses. He attacks the system, belittling his own value before the prevailing cultural standards, and even ironizes the situation of the black man, cut off from wealth, the sciences, and the arts. The poem was written in 1861.The term Bodarrada was used to satirize Brazilian society, while affirming human equality regardless of color. The first illustrated humorous newspaper in that city, called (Lame Devil), was founded in October of 1864. He had worked in the editorial staff of Radical Paulistano before this. His actions as a journalist and lawyer made him one of the most influential and popular figures in the city of So Paulo. Even though he didn't become a rich man, he kept what little money he had to give to the needy who came to him. Lus <mask> was one of the few black abolitionists in Brazil. He wrote articles for other newspapers about issues of Imperial Brazil.After the death of a slave master, a judge allowed the auction of a former slave who had been freed by his son, according to an article in Foro de Belém de Jundia. His journalistic and legal actions brought him many enemies, but a letter written to his son on September 23, 1870 makes it clear that he had been suffering threats. The hebdomadrio was founded in 1866 by all three of them, who were members of the same Masonic lodge. The America Masonic Lodge was active in the cause of abolition, founded by Lus <mask> and Ruy Barbosa and Joaquim Nabuco may also have been a member. He was the institution's Venerable Master at the time of his death. In 1969 he collaborated with Olmpio da Paixo to create a free school for children and an evening primary school in the 25 de Maro Street. There is a manuscript that shows that the creation of a community library with 5 thousand titles was done by the man known as "<mask>", and his manifestos published in the newspaper "Democracia" show his commitment to the cause.The "Gama style" of judicial practice made it illegal to bring slaves into Brazil as soon as they arrived in the country. The law was passed to appease British pressure for the abolition of slavery in Brazil, without actually ending the importation of slaves. Although it was not a law enforced by slave traders, it was the legal instrument used to achieve the liberation of slaves. The so-called "Gama style" consisted of proving through legal proceedings that the enslaved blacks were brought illegally to Brazil and should therefore be freed. More freed slaves were obtained with the promulgation of the Lei do Ventre Livre. The requirement of registration of slaves was established in one of the items of the law. The argument for his alforria could be made if the slave did not have a registration.According to article 4 of the law, the purchase of the slave's manumission charter by the slave himself or by others, allowed abolitionists to pass themselves off as slave valuers and lower the purchase price, allowing them to buy more freedom at lower prices. Although he acted mainly in the defense of blacks accused of crimes, he did not refuse to attend to the poor of any ethnicity, and there were cases in which he defended European immigrants injured by Brazilians. Newly freed slaves were helped by <mask> to find a job. In his autobiographical letter to Lcio de Mendona, he estimated that he had freed more than 500 slaves from captivity and in an 1869 court case known as the "Netto Question", he secured the freedom of 217 slaves. The judge was forced to suspend the session because of the confusion caused by the famous phrase "The slave who kills the master, in whatever circumstance, always kills in self-defense." The biography of Lus <mask> was written by Lcio de Mendona and was published in the Almanaque Literrio de So Paulo. An article in the Estado de So Paulo says that this concept reappears several times in his work, and a historian says that this concept reappears several times in his work.In December of 1880, four slaves were considered "four Spartacus" by their master, who had murdered the son of their master, and had been executed by 300 people. Lus <mask> thought it was funny to see slavers of multi-ethnic origin trying to pass themselves off as whites. He said that he wouldn't claim that his father was white because it constituted grave danger before the truth. One day, the lawyer replied "I am not a goat, I am black", after Colonel Teodoro Xavier called him "Goat" for having already lost a slave to him. My color doesn't deny it. A goat is your honor who is going to disguise himself with a light colored mulatto. Before he exposed his ideas in the article "The American Brazil and the lands of Cruzeiro without king or slaves" he was affiliated with the Liberal Party.On July 2, 1873, he came to participate in the First Republican Congress, which was already part of the Paulista Republican Party, after being part of a group that tried to found a republican party. He left the party because he believed that abolition should be immediate and without compensation to the slaveholders, and he criticized it in the media, but also published advertisements about the capture of slaves. Three days before his death, the writer Raul Pompeia noticed that <mask>'s health was not good and that he had to rely on the support of his friends Pedro, Brasil Silvado, or himself. The person has diabetes. On the morning of August 24, 1882, he lost his speech and despite the intervention of more than 20 doctors, this was the causa mortis that hurt him that afternoon. When he heard of the death of the great liberator, he immediately went to his friend's house, where he found many people already there. His face was sculpted in plaster after he was placed in a coffin in the front room.The coffin left at three o'clock in the afternoon. The widow cried before the coffin was closed. The funeral coach was going to take him to the cemetery at the other end of town, but the crowd of people who had gathered there would not let him go. The doors of Commerce had been closed. The coffin was brought by friends of the deceased, and was followed by a large crowd. The Brotherhood of Nossa Senhora dos Remédios joined the burial and the procession arrived at the city at four hours and five minutes. The funeral of Lus <mask> was the largest ever reported in those days.The crowd that followed the funeral cortege, with all silence and admiration, was forced to stop by the speeches that interrupted the funeral procession. The most emotional event in the history of the city of So Paulo was his burial. The people of all classes were vying for the chance to carry the boat. At one point, the slave driver carried on one side, and on the other, a poor, ragged, barefooted black man was in Pompey's register. The crowd held its ground when the procession finally arrived at the Consolao holy ground. The coffin was taken to the grave after a brief stop for a sermon by the priest in the chapel. Before lowering it, someone shouted for everyone to wait, after a brief speech in which he remembered the importance of Lus Gama, he summoned everyone to swear an oath not to let "die the idea for which that giant had."His grave was purchased on the same day as the burial in the name of his wife. The Municipal Archives is located on 2nd Street. The end of the first phase of the abolitionist movement was marked by the speech at his grave and the constitution of funds for the acquisition of captives and their freedom. The invasion of Chcara Pari was a milestone of this action, with cries of "long live the abolitionists, let the slavocrats die!" Barbosa, Bento, Bicudo, and other notables became part of the police's list of suspects. In 1879, Lus <mask> began to consider radical methods, and Antnio Bento, who had left his position as a judge to dedicate himself to the anti-slavery struggle, was considered the ghost of abolition. The position of lawyer for the Abolitionist Club was taken over by Antnio Bento.The Abolitionist Party and the Caifazes movement were led by Antnio Bento, who radicalized the abolitionist campaign in actions as described in the first paragraph of the topic. He was the recipient of several tributes. The same author wrote an article about him in September of 1882 and also wrote a caricature of him. The unfinished novella A Mo de Lus Gama was originally published on the pages of the Jornal do Commercio of So Paulo. The Lus Gama Lodge was founded by the So Paulo Freemason Ges and the collaboration of brothers from the other lodges, with the initiation of 25 blacks. In 1919, one of its stations was named in his honor. In the second period of the black press in the state of So Paulo, the newspaper Getulino appeared in the city of Campinas, where racism was stronger than in the state capital itself.The black community in So Paulo erected a memorial to him on the occasion of his 100th birthday. The letter to Mendona is one of the most important historical documents of the Brazilian people and influenced several black Brazilian movements. This letter, crossing time, is also addressed to all of us, given the magnitude of the life of this great man. In the wake of the success of the movie 12 Years a Slave, writer Ana Maria Gonalves prepared a script for a movie and also drew attention to it. The play "Luiz Gama - A Voice for Freedom" was started in 2015, with Nivia Helen as the narrator and the main character. The University of So Paulo Law School named one of its rooms after him. His name was included in the Steel Book of national heroes deposited in the Tancredo Neves Pantheon of the Fatherland and Freedom and he was recognized as a journalist.A film about the life of <mask> will be made in the year 2019. The film was temporarily titled Prisioneiro da Liberdade (Prisoner of Liberty), and would feature actors Caio Blat and Zezé Motta. The film was named after the main character, and was released in 2021. The comic book Provncia Negra was published after winning the city of So Paulo's Fomento Cultural edict, portraying a fictional adventure based on the life of <mask>, who takes on the role of the main character in the adventure. The script was written by Kaled Kanbour and the art was created by Kris Zullo. He was the first black Brazilian to receive an Honoris Causa doctorate from the University of So Paulo. On November 3, 2015, the Order of Attorneys of Brazil, So Paulo Section, granted him the title of "lawyer", since he was not trained and acted as a "provisioned" or abolitionist.There were two days of events at the university as part of the tribute ceremony. According to the national president of the Order of Attorneys of Brazil, the tribute is a very fitting tribute to someone who fought so hard for freedom, equality, and respect. There is a page with the poet's biography on the Black Past website. The workshop "Slavery, Freedom and Civil Law in the Brazilian Courts (1860-1888): How the Black Lawyer Luiz <mask> developed a Legal Doctrine that Freed Five hundred Slaves" was held in March 2020. A historian from the Max Planck Institute spent nine years going through archives and registry offices looking for the complete works of Lus <mask>, in a project for the publication of ten volumes and approximately 5,000 pages in Portuguese. The project will be released by 2022. Bruno Rodrigues has researched to create Lus Gama's timeline starting when he published his first text at the age of 19 and finding that he was already recognized as a lawyer in his time, not a rbula.References include scientific papers, books, and a biography of Lus <mask>. | [
"Lus Gonzaga Pinto da Gama",
"Gama",
"Gama",
"Gama",
"Gama",
"Gama",
"Gama",
"Gama",
"Gama",
"Gama",
"Gama",
"Gama",
"Gama",
"Gama",
"Gama",
"Gama",
"Gama",
"Gama",
"Gama",
"Gama",
"Gama",
"Gama",
"Gama"
] |
1570274 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony%20Lema | Tony Lema | Anthony David Lema (February 25, 1934 – July 24, 1966) was an American professional golfer who rose to fame in the mid-1960s and won a major title, the 1964 Open Championship at the Old Course at St Andrews in Scotland. He died two years later at age 32 in an aircraft accident near Chicago.
Early life
Born in Oakland, California, Lema's parents were Anthony H. Lema (1899–1937) and Clotilda M. Lema, née Silva (1910–2000), both of Portuguese ancestry. His father died of pneumonia when Tony was three years old, and his widowed mother struggled to raise the family of four children on welfare. He began playing golf as a boy at Lake Chabot municipal golf course and learned different aspects of the game from a variety of people. Noted African-American golf coach Lucius Bateman helped develop his swing and Oakland policeman Ralph Hall taught him course strategy. The golf pros at Lake Chabot, Dick Fry and Bill Burch, trained him on basic golf fundamentals, including the use of a square stance.
At age 17, Lema enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps and served in Korea. After his discharge from the military in 1955, he obtained work as an assistant to the club professional at a San Francisco golf club.
Eddie Lowery, a wealthy San Francisco businessman, who assisted talented amateur players in the area, helped to sponsor and encourage Lema. Lowery is best known as the 10-year-old caddy of champion Francis Ouimet at the 1913 U.S. Open. Lowery's sponsorship gave Lema $200 a week expense money, to be repaid, in addition to splitting his winnings: Lema received two-thirds, Lowery one-third. One additional detail was that all debts at the end of the year were to be carried forward.
PGA Tour
By 1957, Lema had developed his skills sufficiently to earn his way onto the PGA Tour, winning the Imperial Valley Open in memorable fashion: Assuming he was out of contention, Lema headed to the clubhouse bar, where he drank three highballs. Told that he would face Paul Harney in a sudden-death playoff, a relaxed Lema won the tournament on the second extra hole. The following year, he began developing friendships with a trio of fellow golfers: Johnny Pott, Tommy Jacobs, and Jim Ferree, and during 11 tournaments in 1958, Lema finished in the top 15, winning $10,282 for the year.
The following year, Lema's winnings dropped to $5,900, followed by an even worse year in 1960, when he collected a mere $3,060. A raucous off-the-course lifestyle was taking its toll until he began talking with television producer Danny Arnold, who helped him improve his composure and bolster his confidence.
While Lema's struggles continued in 1962, along with his debt to Lowery reaching over $11,000, his luck changed that autumn. His first tour win came in late September at Las Vegas, three strokes ahead runner-up Don January. Four weeks later, on the eve of his playoff victory at the Orange County Open Invitational in Costa Mesa, California, Lema joked he would serve champagne to the press if he won the next day. From then on he was known as Champagne Tony, and his handsome looks and vivacious personality added to the legend, such that Johnny Miller has stated that at the time of his death in 1966, Lema was second only to Arnold Palmer in fan popularity.
That win sparked an impressive performance over the next four years that saw Lema win twelve official tour events, finish second on eleven occasions, and third four times. From 1963 until his death in July 1966, he finished in the top ten over half of the time and made the cut in every major, finishing in the top ten in eight of the fifteen in which he played. Lema was a member of Ryder Cup teams in 1963 and 1965 with a record of 9–1–1 (), which remains the best for any player who has played in two or more.
Friend and tour colleague Jack Nicklaus wrote that Lema's play also stabilized and improved greatly after he married Betty Cline, a former airline stewardess, in 1963. One additional reason for Lema's more relaxed play that year was the end of his agreement with Lowery.
In 1963, Lema finished second by one stroke to Nicklaus at the Masters, and missed the playoff for the U.S. Open by two shots, bogeying the last two holes, believing he needed birdies. He won the Memphis Open Invitational later that summer.
Lema won two other tournaments that fall and was named 1963 Most Improved Player by Golf Digest. That winter, he wrote, with Gwylim S. Brown, "Golfers' Gold", an autobiographical account of his eight-year apprenticeship in the competitive cauldron of the PGA Tour.
Major champion
In 1964, Lema won the Bing Crosby National Pro-Am at Pebble Beach, then three tournaments in four weeks: the Thunderbird Classic at Westchester in Rye, New York, the Buick Open Invitational at Warwick Hills in Grand Blanc, Michigan, and the Cleveland Open at Highland Park (in a playoff with Palmer).
Two weeks later at St Andrews, Scotland, Lema captured his only major title at the Open Championship, five shots ahead of runner-up Nicklaus. Before teeing up in the first round, he had only played nine practice holes. Lema had hired Arnold Palmer's regular British caddy, Tip Anderson, since Palmer was not competing that year. Anderson, a descendant of a past Open champion, Jamie Anderson, had grown up on the course.
At the September matchup of the four major champions of 1964, in the 36-hole exhibition World Series of Golf, Lema won $50,000 (then the largest payoff in golf) at Firestone Country Club in Akron, Ohio, over Palmer (Masters), Ken Venturi (U.S. Open) and Bobby Nichols (PGA Championship).
Due to his good looks and recent success, Lema was tapped for a guest appearance in an episode of the TV series Hazel that aired January 7, 1965, in which Hazel misplaces his prized golf clubs. Later that year, he was on The Lawrence Welk Show, where Welk passed the baton to Lema to direct the Champagne Music Makers.
In 1965, Lema won the Buick Open for the second consecutive year, and the Carling World Open, finishing second in prize money to Nicklaus. In fall 1965, he and Nicklaus formed the U.S. team to the World Cup of Golf. Lema's last victory came in 1966 in late May, in his wife's hometown at the Oklahoma City Open, winning by six strokes at Quail Creek. Two weeks later, he recovered from an opening round 78 to nearly capture a third consecutive Buick Open, finishing three shots behind Phil Rodgers, in fourth place.
Death
Following the PGA Championship at Firestone in Akron in late July 1966, Lema and his wife chartered an airplane to fly them to an exhibition tournament south of Chicago: the Little Buick Open at Lincolnshire Country Club in Crete, Illinois. The twin-engine Beechcraft Bonanza, piloted by Doris Mullen, ran out of fuel and crashed into a water hazard short of the seventh green of the nine-hole golf course at Lansing Sportsman's Club in Lansing (), about a half mile (0.8 km) northwest of their destination, Lansing Municipal Airport. During the fatal plunge, Mullen swerved left to avoid a group of people standing near the clubhouse. In addition to the Lemas and Mullen, who was a mother of four teenaged children, Dr. George Bard, the copilot and a surgeon, was killed. Bard and Mullen's husband, Wylie, were colleagues as well as owners of the ill-fated plane.
Lema and his wife, Betty, age 30, were buried in California at Holy Sepulchre Cemetery in Hayward after funeral services on July 28 at St. Elizabeth's Church in his hometown of Oakland.
In 1983, a San Leandro public golf course bordering San Francisco Bay was named in his memory as the Tony Lema Golf Course, now part of the Monarch Bay Golf Club complex, just southeast of the Oakland airport. In Ludlow, Massachusetts, the road accessing the local country club is named Tony Lema Drive, and there is a collection of photographs and other items in the clubhouse of Ludlow Country Club featuring Lema.
Professional wins (22)
PGA Tour wins (12)
PGA Tour playoff record (3–1)
Other wins (10)
Note: This list is probably incomplete.
1957 Imperial Valley Open
1958 Idaho Open
1961 Hesperia Invitational Open, Mexican Open
1962 Mexican Open, Northern California Open, Northern California PGA Championship
1963 Northern California PGA Championship
1964 World Series of Golf, Northern California PGA Championship
Major championships
Wins (1)
Results timeline
CUT = missed the half-way cut
WD = withdrew
"T" = tied
Summary
Most consecutive cuts made – 15 (1963 Masters – 1966 PGA)
Longest streak of top-10s – 2 (three times)
U.S. national team appearances
Professional
Ryder Cup: 1963 (winners), 1965 (winners)
Canada Cup: 1965
References
External links
Sports Illustrated - cover - March 23, 1964
Tony Lema Golf Course Monarch Bay
American male golfers
PGA Tour golfers
Winners of men's major golf championships
Ryder Cup competitors for the United States
Golfers from California
United States Marine Corps personnel of the Korean War
20th-century American memoirists
American people of Portuguese descent
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1966
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in the United States
Accidental deaths in Illinois
Sportspeople from Oakland, California
People from San Leandro, California
Military personnel from California
Burials in Alameda County, California
1934 births
1966 deaths | [
"Anthony David Lema (February 25, 1934 – July 24, 1966) was an American professional golfer who rose to fame in the mid-1960s and won a major title, the 1964 Open Championship at the Old Course at St Andrews in Scotland.",
"He died two years later at age 32 in an aircraft accident near Chicago.",
"Early life\nBorn in Oakland, California, Lema's parents were Anthony H. Lema (1899–1937) and Clotilda M. Lema, née Silva (1910–2000), both of Portuguese ancestry.",
"His father died of pneumonia when Tony was three years old, and his widowed mother struggled to raise the family of four children on welfare.",
"He began playing golf as a boy at Lake Chabot municipal golf course and learned different aspects of the game from a variety of people.",
"Noted African-American golf coach Lucius Bateman helped develop his swing and Oakland policeman Ralph Hall taught him course strategy.",
"The golf pros at Lake Chabot, Dick Fry and Bill Burch, trained him on basic golf fundamentals, including the use of a square stance.",
"At age 17, Lema enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps and served in Korea.",
"After his discharge from the military in 1955, he obtained work as an assistant to the club professional at a San Francisco golf club.",
"Eddie Lowery, a wealthy San Francisco businessman, who assisted talented amateur players in the area, helped to sponsor and encourage Lema.",
"Lowery is best known as the 10-year-old caddy of champion Francis Ouimet at the 1913 U.S. Open.",
"Lowery's sponsorship gave Lema $200 a week expense money, to be repaid, in addition to splitting his winnings: Lema received two-thirds, Lowery one-third.",
"One additional detail was that all debts at the end of the year were to be carried forward.",
"PGA Tour\nBy 1957, Lema had developed his skills sufficiently to earn his way onto the PGA Tour, winning the Imperial Valley Open in memorable fashion: Assuming he was out of contention, Lema headed to the clubhouse bar, where he drank three highballs.",
"Told that he would face Paul Harney in a sudden-death playoff, a relaxed Lema won the tournament on the second extra hole.",
"The following year, he began developing friendships with a trio of fellow golfers: Johnny Pott, Tommy Jacobs, and Jim Ferree, and during 11 tournaments in 1958, Lema finished in the top 15, winning $10,282 for the year.",
"The following year, Lema's winnings dropped to $5,900, followed by an even worse year in 1960, when he collected a mere $3,060.",
"A raucous off-the-course lifestyle was taking its toll until he began talking with television producer Danny Arnold, who helped him improve his composure and bolster his confidence.",
"While Lema's struggles continued in 1962, along with his debt to Lowery reaching over $11,000, his luck changed that autumn.",
"His first tour win came in late September at Las Vegas, three strokes ahead runner-up Don January.",
"Four weeks later, on the eve of his playoff victory at the Orange County Open Invitational in Costa Mesa, California, Lema joked he would serve champagne to the press if he won the next day.",
"From then on he was known as Champagne Tony, and his handsome looks and vivacious personality added to the legend, such that Johnny Miller has stated that at the time of his death in 1966, Lema was second only to Arnold Palmer in fan popularity.",
"That win sparked an impressive performance over the next four years that saw Lema win twelve official tour events, finish second on eleven occasions, and third four times.",
"From 1963 until his death in July 1966, he finished in the top ten over half of the time and made the cut in every major, finishing in the top ten in eight of the fifteen in which he played.",
"Lema was a member of Ryder Cup teams in 1963 and 1965 with a record of 9–1–1 (), which remains the best for any player who has played in two or more.",
"Friend and tour colleague Jack Nicklaus wrote that Lema's play also stabilized and improved greatly after he married Betty Cline, a former airline stewardess, in 1963.",
"One additional reason for Lema's more relaxed play that year was the end of his agreement with Lowery.",
"In 1963, Lema finished second by one stroke to Nicklaus at the Masters, and missed the playoff for the U.S. Open by two shots, bogeying the last two holes, believing he needed birdies.",
"He won the Memphis Open Invitational later that summer.",
"Lema won two other tournaments that fall and was named 1963 Most Improved Player by Golf Digest.",
"That winter, he wrote, with Gwylim S. Brown, \"Golfers' Gold\", an autobiographical account of his eight-year apprenticeship in the competitive cauldron of the PGA Tour.",
"Major champion\nIn 1964, Lema won the Bing Crosby National Pro-Am at Pebble Beach, then three tournaments in four weeks: the Thunderbird Classic at Westchester in Rye, New York, the Buick Open Invitational at Warwick Hills in Grand Blanc, Michigan, and the Cleveland Open at Highland Park (in a playoff with Palmer).",
"Two weeks later at St Andrews, Scotland, Lema captured his only major title at the Open Championship, five shots ahead of runner-up Nicklaus.",
"Before teeing up in the first round, he had only played nine practice holes.",
"Lema had hired Arnold Palmer's regular British caddy, Tip Anderson, since Palmer was not competing that year.",
"Anderson, a descendant of a past Open champion, Jamie Anderson, had grown up on the course.",
"At the September matchup of the four major champions of 1964, in the 36-hole exhibition World Series of Golf, Lema won $50,000 (then the largest payoff in golf) at Firestone Country Club in Akron, Ohio, over Palmer (Masters), Ken Venturi (U.S. Open) and Bobby Nichols (PGA Championship).",
"Due to his good looks and recent success, Lema was tapped for a guest appearance in an episode of the TV series Hazel that aired January 7, 1965, in which Hazel misplaces his prized golf clubs.",
"Later that year, he was on The Lawrence Welk Show, where Welk passed the baton to Lema to direct the Champagne Music Makers.",
"In 1965, Lema won the Buick Open for the second consecutive year, and the Carling World Open, finishing second in prize money to Nicklaus.",
"In fall 1965, he and Nicklaus formed the U.S. team to the World Cup of Golf.",
"Lema's last victory came in 1966 in late May, in his wife's hometown at the Oklahoma City Open, winning by six strokes at Quail Creek.",
"Two weeks later, he recovered from an opening round 78 to nearly capture a third consecutive Buick Open, finishing three shots behind Phil Rodgers, in fourth place.",
"Death\nFollowing the PGA Championship at Firestone in Akron in late July 1966, Lema and his wife chartered an airplane to fly them to an exhibition tournament south of Chicago: the Little Buick Open at Lincolnshire Country Club in Crete, Illinois.",
"The twin-engine Beechcraft Bonanza, piloted by Doris Mullen, ran out of fuel and crashed into a water hazard short of the seventh green of the nine-hole golf course at Lansing Sportsman's Club in Lansing (), about a half mile (0.8 km) northwest of their destination, Lansing Municipal Airport.",
"During the fatal plunge, Mullen swerved left to avoid a group of people standing near the clubhouse.",
"In addition to the Lemas and Mullen, who was a mother of four teenaged children, Dr. George Bard, the copilot and a surgeon, was killed.",
"Bard and Mullen's husband, Wylie, were colleagues as well as owners of the ill-fated plane.",
"Lema and his wife, Betty, age 30, were buried in California at Holy Sepulchre Cemetery in Hayward after funeral services on July 28 at St. Elizabeth's Church in his hometown of Oakland.",
"In 1983, a San Leandro public golf course bordering San Francisco Bay was named in his memory as the Tony Lema Golf Course, now part of the Monarch Bay Golf Club complex, just southeast of the Oakland airport.",
"In Ludlow, Massachusetts, the road accessing the local country club is named Tony Lema Drive, and there is a collection of photographs and other items in the clubhouse of Ludlow Country Club featuring Lema.",
"Professional wins (22)\n\nPGA Tour wins (12)\n\nPGA Tour playoff record (3–1)\n\nOther wins (10)\nNote: This list is probably incomplete.",
"1957 Imperial Valley Open\n1958 Idaho Open\n1961 Hesperia Invitational Open, Mexican Open\n1962 Mexican Open, Northern California Open, Northern California PGA Championship\n1963 Northern California PGA Championship\n1964 World Series of Golf, Northern California PGA Championship\n\nMajor championships\n\nWins (1)\n\nResults timeline\n\nCUT = missed the half-way cut\nWD = withdrew\n\"T\" = tied\n\nSummary\n\nMost consecutive cuts made – 15 (1963 Masters – 1966 PGA)\nLongest streak of top-10s – 2 (three times)\n\nU.S. national team appearances\nProfessional\nRyder Cup: 1963 (winners), 1965 (winners)\nCanada Cup: 1965\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nSports Illustrated - cover - March 23, 1964\nTony Lema Golf Course Monarch Bay\n\nAmerican male golfers\nPGA Tour golfers\nWinners of men's major golf championships\nRyder Cup competitors for the United States\nGolfers from California\nUnited States Marine Corps personnel of the Korean War\n20th-century American memoirists\nAmerican people of Portuguese descent\nVictims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1966\nVictims of aviation accidents or incidents in the United States\nAccidental deaths in Illinois\nSportspeople from Oakland, California\nPeople from San Leandro, California\nMilitary personnel from California\nBurials in Alameda County, California\n1934 births\n1966 deaths"
] | [
"The 1964 Open Championship was won by Anthony David Lema, an American professional golfer who rose to fame in the mid-1960s.",
"He died in a plane crash at the age of 32.",
"Lema's parents were Anthony H. Lema and Clotilda M. Lema.",
"Tony's father died of pneumonia when he was three years old, and his widowed mother struggled to raise the family of four children on welfare.",
"He learned different aspects of the game from a variety of people while he was playing golf.",
"The African-American golf coach and the Oakland policeman helped develop the golfer's swing.",
"The golf pros at Lake Chabot, Dick Fry and Bill Burch, trained him on basic golf basics, including the use of a square stance.",
"Lema enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps at the age of 17.",
"He got a job as an assistant to the club professional at a San Francisco golf club after he left the military.",
"Eddie Lowery, a wealthy San Francisco businessman, helped to sponsor and encourage Lema.",
"Lowery was the caddy for Francis Ouimet at the 1913 U.S. Open.",
"Lowery's sponsorship gave Lema $200 a week expense money, to be repaid, in addition to splitting his winnings.",
"All debts at the end of the year were to be carried forward.",
"After winning the Imperial Valley Open in 1957, Lema headed to the clubhouse bar, where he drank three highballs.",
"Lema won the tournament on the second extra hole after he was told he would face Harney.",
"During 11 tournaments in 1958, Lema finished in the top 15 and won $10,282, becoming friends with Johnny Pott, Tommy Jacobs, and Jim Ferree.",
"The next year, Lema's winnings dropped to $5,900, followed by an even worse year in 1960, when he only got $3,060.",
"Danny Arnold, a television producer, helped him improve his composure and bolster his confidence after he began talking with him.",
"While Lema's struggles continued in 1962, his luck changed in the autumn.",
"He won at Las Vegas in late September, three strokes ahead of Don January.",
"Lema joked that he would serve champagne to the press if he won the next day.",
"Johnny Miller stated that at the time of Lema's death in 1966, he was second only to Arnold Palmer in fan popularity.",
"Over the next four years, Lema won twelve official tour events, finished second eleven times, and third four times.",
"He finished in the top ten over half of the time and made the cut in every major, finishing in the top ten in eight of the fifteen he played.",
"The best record for any player who has played in two or more Ryder Cup teams is 9–1–1, which was achieved by Lema.",
"Jack wrote that Lema's play improved greatly after he married a stewardess.",
"The end of his agreement with Lowery was one of the reasons for Lema's more relaxed play that year.",
"Lema missed the playoff for the U.S. Open after finishing second at the Masters and bogeying the last two holes.",
"He won the Memphis Open Invitation.",
"Lema was named the Most Improved Player by Golf Digest.",
"\"Golfers' Gold\" is an autobiographical account of his eight-year apprenticeship in the competitive cauldron of the PGA Tour.",
"Lema won the Bing Crosby National Pro-Am at Pebble Beach, then three tournaments in four weeks, including the Buick Open in Grand Blanc, Michigan, and the Cleveland Open at Highland Park.",
"Lema captured his first major title two weeks later at the Open Championship.",
"He only played nine practice holes before the first round.",
"Tip Anderson was Arnold Palmer's regular British caddy and was hired by Lema.",
"Anderson is a descendant of a past Open champion.",
"Lema won $50,000 at the World Series of Golf in 1964, over Palmer, Ken, and Bobby, in a match that was the largest payoff in golf at 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020",
"Lema was tapped for a guest appearance in an episode of the TV series Hazel that aired January 7, 1965, in which Hazel misplaces his golf clubs, due to his good looks and recent success.",
"Lema directed the Champagne Music Makers on The Lawrence Welk Show.",
"Lema won the Buick Open for the second year in a row and the Carling World Open for the second year in a row.",
"They formed the U.S. team to the World Cup of Golf.",
"Lema's last victory was in 1966 when he won the Oklahoma City Open by six strokes.",
"He recovered from an opening round 78 to finish in fourth place at the Buick Open, three shots behind Phil Rodgers.",
"Lema and his wife arranged for an airplane to fly them to Crete, Illinois, to play in the Little Buick Open.",
"The twin-engine Beechcraft Bonanza ran out of fuel and crashed into a water hazard short of the seventh green of the nine-hole golf course, about a half mile (0.8 km) northwest of their destination.",
"Mullen avoided a group of people by swerving left during the fatal plunge.",
"The copilot and a surgeon were also killed in the crash.",
"The owners of the plane were Bard and Mullen's husbands.",
"After funeral services on July 28 at St. Elizabeth's Church in his hometown of Oakland, Lema and Betty were buried in California at Holy Sepulchre Cemetery.",
"The Tony Lema Golf Course is now part of the Monarch Bay Golf Club complex, which is just southeast of the Oakland airport.",
"There is a collection of photographs and other items in the clubhouse of the Ludlow Country Club, which has a road named Tony Lema Drive.",
"There are 22 professional wins, 12 PGA Tour wins, and 10 other wins.",
"The Imperial Valley Open, Idaho Open, Hesperia Invitation Open, Mexican Open, Northern California Open, Northern California PGA Championship, and the World Series of Golf are all victories."
] | <mask> (February 25, 1934 – July 24, 1966) was an American professional golfer who rose to fame in the mid-1960s and won a major title, the 1964 Open Championship at the Old Course at St Andrews in Scotland. He died two years later at age 32 in an aircraft accident near Chicago. Early life
Born in Oakland, California, <mask>'s parents were Anthony H<mask> (1899–1937) and Clotilda M<mask>, née Silva (1910–2000), both of Portuguese ancestry. His father died of pneumonia when <mask> was three years old, and his widowed mother struggled to raise the family of four children on welfare. He began playing golf as a boy at Lake Chabot municipal golf course and learned different aspects of the game from a variety of people. Noted African-American golf coach Lucius Bateman helped develop his swing and Oakland policeman Ralph Hall taught him course strategy. The golf pros at Lake Chabot, Dick Fry and Bill Burch, trained him on basic golf fundamentals, including the use of a square stance.At age 17, <mask> enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps and served in Korea. After his discharge from the military in 1955, he obtained work as an assistant to the club professional at a San Francisco golf club. Eddie Lowery, a wealthy San Francisco businessman, who assisted talented amateur players in the area, helped to sponsor and encourage <mask>. Lowery is best known as the 10-year-old caddy of champion Francis Ouimet at the 1913 U.S. Open. Lowery's sponsorship gave <mask> $200 a week expense money, to be repaid, in addition to splitting his winnings: <mask> received two-thirds, Lowery one-third. One additional detail was that all debts at the end of the year were to be carried forward. PGA Tour
By 1957, <mask> had developed his skills sufficiently to earn his way onto the PGA Tour, winning the Imperial Valley Open in memorable fashion: Assuming he was out of contention, <mask> headed to the clubhouse bar, where he drank three highballs.Told that he would face Paul Harney in a sudden-death playoff, a relaxed <mask> won the tournament on the second extra hole. The following year, he began developing friendships with a trio of fellow golfers: Johnny Pott, Tommy Jacobs, and Jim Ferree, and during 11 tournaments in 1958, <mask> finished in the top 15, winning $10,282 for the year. The following year, <mask>'s winnings dropped to $5,900, followed by an even worse year in 1960, when he collected a mere $3,060. A raucous off-the-course lifestyle was taking its toll until he began talking with television producer Danny Arnold, who helped him improve his composure and bolster his confidence. While <mask>'s struggles continued in 1962, along with his debt to Lowery reaching over $11,000, his luck changed that autumn. His first tour win came in late September at Las Vegas, three strokes ahead runner-up Don January. Four weeks later, on the eve of his playoff victory at the Orange County Open Invitational in Costa Mesa, California, <mask> joked he would serve champagne to the press if he won the next day.From then on he was known as <mask>, and his handsome looks and vivacious personality added to the legend, such that Johnny Miller has stated that at the time of his death in 1966, <mask> was second only to Arnold Palmer in fan popularity. That win sparked an impressive performance over the next four years that saw <mask> win twelve official tour events, finish second on eleven occasions, and third four times. From 1963 until his death in July 1966, he finished in the top ten over half of the time and made the cut in every major, finishing in the top ten in eight of the fifteen in which he played. <mask> was a member of Ryder Cup teams in 1963 and 1965 with a record of 9–1–1 (), which remains the best for any player who has played in two or more. Friend and tour colleague Jack Nicklaus wrote that <mask>'s play also stabilized and improved greatly after he married Betty Cline, a former airline stewardess, in 1963. One additional reason for <mask>'s more relaxed play that year was the end of his agreement with Lowery. In 1963, <mask> finished second by one stroke to Nicklaus at the Masters, and missed the playoff for the U.S. Open by two shots, bogeying the last two holes, believing he needed birdies.He won the Memphis Open Invitational later that summer. <mask> won two other tournaments that fall and was named 1963 Most Improved Player by Golf Digest. That winter, he wrote, with Gwylim S. Brown, "Golfers' Gold", an autobiographical account of his eight-year apprenticeship in the competitive cauldron of the PGA Tour. Major champion
In 1964, <mask> won the Bing Crosby National Pro-Am at Pebble Beach, then three tournaments in four weeks: the Thunderbird Classic at Westchester in Rye, New York, the Buick Open Invitational at Warwick Hills in Grand Blanc, Michigan, and the Cleveland Open at Highland Park (in a playoff with Palmer). Two weeks later at St Andrews, Scotland, <mask> captured his only major title at the Open Championship, five shots ahead of runner-up Nicklaus. Before teeing up in the first round, he had only played nine practice holes. <mask> had hired Arnold Palmer's regular British caddy, Tip Anderson, since Palmer was not competing that year.Anderson, a descendant of a past Open champion, Jamie Anderson, had grown up on the course. At the September matchup of the four major champions of 1964, in the 36-hole exhibition World Series of Golf, <mask> won $50,000 (then the largest payoff in golf) at Firestone Country Club in Akron, Ohio, over Palmer (Masters), Ken Venturi (U.S. Open) and Bobby Nichols (PGA Championship). Due to his good looks and recent success, <mask> was tapped for a guest appearance in an episode of the TV series Hazel that aired January 7, 1965, in which Hazel misplaces his prized golf clubs. Later that year, he was on The Lawrence Welk Show, where Welk passed the baton to <mask> to direct the Champagne Music Makers. In 1965, <mask> won the Buick Open for the second consecutive year, and the Carling World Open, finishing second in prize money to Nicklaus. In fall 1965, he and Nicklaus formed the U.S. team to the World Cup of Golf. <mask>'s last victory came in 1966 in late May, in his wife's hometown at the Oklahoma City Open, winning by six strokes at Quail Creek.Two weeks later, he recovered from an opening round 78 to nearly capture a third consecutive Buick Open, finishing three shots behind Phil Rodgers, in fourth place. Death
Following the PGA Championship at Firestone in Akron in late July 1966, <mask> and his wife chartered an airplane to fly them to an exhibition tournament south of Chicago: the Little Buick Open at Lincolnshire Country Club in Crete, Illinois. The twin-engine Beechcraft Bonanza, piloted by Doris Mullen, ran out of fuel and crashed into a water hazard short of the seventh green of the nine-hole golf course at Lansing Sportsman's Club in Lansing (), about a half mile (0.8 km) northwest of their destination, Lansing Municipal Airport. During the fatal plunge, Mullen swerved left to avoid a group of people standing near the clubhouse. In addition to the Lemas and Mullen, who was a mother of four teenaged children, Dr. George Bard, the copilot and a surgeon, was killed. Bard and Mullen's husband, Wylie, were colleagues as well as owners of the ill-fated plane. <mask> and his wife, Betty, age 30, were buried in California at Holy Sepulchre Cemetery in Hayward after funeral services on July 28 at St. Elizabeth's Church in his hometown of Oakland.In 1983, a San Leandro public golf course bordering San Francisco Bay was named in his memory as the <mask> Drive, and there is a collection of photographs and other items in the clubhouse of Ludlow Country Club featuring <mask>. Professional wins (22)
PGA Tour wins (12)
PGA Tour playoff record (3–1)
Other wins (10)
Note: This list is probably incomplete. 1957 Imperial Valley Open
1958 Idaho Open
1961 Hesperia Invitational Open, Mexican Open
1962 Mexican Open, Northern California Open, Northern California PGA Championship
1963 Northern California PGA Championship
1964 World Series of Golf, Northern California PGA Championship
Major championships
Wins (1)
Results timeline
CUT = missed the half-way cut
WD = withdrew
"T" = tied
Summary
Most consecutive cuts made – 15 (1963 Masters – 1966 PGA)
Longest streak of top-10s – 2 (three times)
U.S. national team appearances
Professional
Ryder Cup: 1963 (winners), 1965 (winners)
Canada Cup: 1965
References
External links
Sports Illustrated - cover - March 23, 1964
Tony Lema Golf Course Monarch Bay
American male golfers
PGA Tour golfers
Winners of men's major golf championships
Ryder Cup competitors for the United States
Golfers from California
United States Marine Corps personnel of the Korean War
20th-century American memoirists
American people of Portuguese descent
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1966
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in the United States
Accidental deaths in Illinois
Sportspeople from Oakland, California
People from San Leandro, California
Military personnel from California
Burials in Alameda County, California
1934 births
1966 deaths | [
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Lowery was the caddy for Francis Ouimet at the 1913 U.S. Open. Lowery's sponsorship gave <mask> $200 a week expense money, to be repaid, in addition to splitting his winnings. All debts at the end of the year were to be carried forward. After winning the Imperial Valley Open in 1957, <mask> headed to the clubhouse bar, where he drank three highballs.<mask> won the tournament on the second extra hole after he was told he would face Harney. During 11 tournaments in 1958, <mask> finished in the top 15 and won $10,282, becoming friends with Johnny Pott, Tommy Jacobs, and Jim Ferree. The next year, <mask>'s winnings dropped to $5,900, followed by an even worse year in 1960, when he only got $3,060. Danny Arnold, a television producer, helped him improve his composure and bolster his confidence after he began talking with him. While <mask>'s struggles continued in 1962, his luck changed in the autumn. He won at Las Vegas in late September, three strokes ahead of Don January. <mask> joked that he would serve champagne to the press if he won the next day.Johnny Miller stated that at the time of <mask>'s death in 1966, he was second only to Arnold Palmer in fan popularity. Over the next four years, <mask> won twelve official tour events, finished second eleven times, and third four times. He finished in the top ten over half of the time and made the cut in every major, finishing in the top ten in eight of the fifteen he played. The best record for any player who has played in two or more Ryder Cup teams is 9–1–1, which was achieved by <mask>. Jack wrote that <mask>'s play improved greatly after he married a stewardess. The end of his agreement with Lowery was one of the reasons for <mask>'s more relaxed play that year. <mask> missed the playoff for the U.S. Open after finishing second at the Masters and bogeying the last two holes.He won the Memphis Open Invitation. <mask> was named the Most Improved Player by Golf Digest. "Golfers' Gold" is an autobiographical account of his eight-year apprenticeship in the competitive cauldron of the PGA Tour. <mask> won the Bing Crosby National Pro-Am at Pebble Beach, then three tournaments in four weeks, including the Buick Open in Grand Blanc, Michigan, and the Cleveland Open at Highland Park. <mask> captured his first major title two weeks later at the Open Championship. He only played nine practice holes before the first round. Tip Anderson was Arnold Palmer's regular British caddy and was hired by <mask>.Anderson is a descendant of a past Open champion. <mask> won $50,000 at the World Series of Golf in 1964, over Palmer, Ken, and Bobby, in a match that was the largest payoff in golf at 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 <mask> was tapped for a guest appearance in an episode of the TV series Hazel that aired January 7, 1965, in which Hazel misplaces his golf clubs, due to his good looks and recent success. <mask> directed the Champagne Music Makers on The Lawrence Welk Show. <mask> won the Buick Open for the second year in a row and the Carling World Open for the second year in a row. They formed the U.S. team to the World Cup of Golf. <mask>'s last victory was in 1966 when he won the Oklahoma City Open by six strokes.He recovered from an opening round 78 to finish in fourth place at the Buick Open, three shots behind Phil Rodgers. <mask> and his wife arranged for an airplane to fly them to Crete, Illinois, to play in the Little Buick Open. The twin-engine Beechcraft Bonanza ran out of fuel and crashed into a water hazard short of the seventh green of the nine-hole golf course, about a half mile (0.8 km) northwest of their destination. Mullen avoided a group of people by swerving left during the fatal plunge. The copilot and a surgeon were also killed in the crash. The owners of the plane were Bard and Mullen's husbands. After funeral services on July 28 at St. Elizabeth's Church in his hometown of Oakland, <mask> and Betty were buried in California at Holy Sepulchre Cemetery.The <mask> Lema Golf Course is now part of the Monarch Bay Golf Club complex, which is just southeast of the Oakland airport. There is a collection of photographs and other items in the clubhouse of the Ludlow Country Club, which has a road named Tony Lema Drive. There are 22 professional wins, 12 PGA Tour wins, and 10 other wins. The Imperial Valley Open, Idaho Open, Hesperia Invitation Open, Mexican Open, Northern California Open, Northern California PGA Championship, and the World Series of Golf are all victories. | [
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31935404 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carole%20Bienaim%C3%A9 | Carole Bienaimé | Carole Bienaimé (also Carole Bienaimé-Besse), is a commissioner and board member of Conseil Supérieur de l'Audiovisuel, an independent agency of French government that regulates communications by radio, television, and internet platforms across France and all its territories. She was nominated by the president of the French Senate, Gérard Larcher, in 2017. Bienaimé-Besse used to be a television and cinema producer and a director. She used to be an executive at April Snow Films & Capital. Officier dans l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres promoted by French Minister of Culture Roselyne Bachelot and Chevalier de l'Ordre National du Mérite French order of merit by President Emmanuel Macron, Bienaimé Besse was a board member of the fund Compte de Soutien de l'Industrie de Programmes Audiovisuels at Centre national du cinéma et de l'image animée. She was also vice-president of Producers Guild in France and a board member of French Producers Society.
Overview
Bienaimé Besse has over 20 years of experience in the international entertainment industry and fundraising. Since 1998 she has been involved in many international productions. Since 2017 Bienaimé-Besse has been a commissioner and board member of Conseil Supérieur de l'Audiovisuel. She was designated by Gérard Larcher, the president of the French Senate, and then confirmed by the Education and Culture Commission of French Senate for a six-year term.
Before that, since 2007, and besides her producer and chief information officer position in April Snow Films & Capital, Bienaimé-Besse served as board member of Compte de Soutien de l'Industrie de Programmes Audiovisuels Fund at the Centre National du Cinéma et de l'Image Animée – the French public organisation part of the French Ministry of Culture that invests in feature films and TV programmes. Renaud Donnedieu de Vabres, Minister of Culture at that time, named her to the board of the fund.
Producer, advisor for international productions and coproductions, and financing expert, she was invited in 2010 by the Financial Times, to be part, as speaker, of the FT Business of Film Summit in Doha, Qatar, with other producers such as Harvey Weinstein, Bill Mechanic, Jeremy Thomas, and Mark Gordon.
From February 2012 to January 2014 she was board member and vice president at the French Producers Guild. Since March 2012, she has been a regular columnist on Le Huffington Post (in association with Le Monde group). The editor-in-chief of the French version of The Huffington Post (Time Warner group) is managed by Anne Sinclair.
Previously in 2007 Bienaimé was managing director and Producer at Elemiah, the production company of Yamina Benguigui and Marc Ladreit de Lacharrière part of FIMALAC Group. In 2006 she became shareholder of B Pop LLP, the production company of Malcolm McLaren, the same year Fast Food Nation by Richard Linklater, a feature film based on the novel of Eric Schlosser, produced by Malcolm Maclaren and Jeremy Thomas was selected by Festival de Cannes to be part of the official competition. In 2004, she co-founded Productions Campagne Première, an international documentary films production company with Martin Meissonnier. In 2000 she was head of fundraising and communications for Jacques Attali's international financing institution, PlaNet Finance, for which she also served as active board member.
Bienaimé-Besse established her career in 1998 in the film industry working as a production manager at Productions Phares & Balises (Jean Labib & T. Celal) and with producer Marco Cherqui ("Un Prophète").
In July 2010 Bienaimé-Besse was decorated as Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts & des Lettres a French cultural honor from the French Ministry of Culture for people of artistic or literary creation or for the contribution to the spread of arts and letters in France and the world. In 2020 she was promoted to Officer de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, by Roselyne Bachelot, Minister Of Culture. In December 2019 President Emmanuel Macron, decorated her as Chevalier de l'Ordre National du Mérite (National Order of Merit).
Bienaimé-Besse has a master's degree in law and international relations and a master's of business administration degree in economics.
Filmography
Feature films
2012: Heart of Blackness by Valérie Tong-Cuong and Isabelle Boni-Claverie with Danny Glover, based on the novel Où je Suis by Valérie Tong-Cuong published by Éditions Grasset & Fasquelle
2006 : special advisor of Malcolm McLaren producer of Fast Food Nation a film by Richard Linklater, based on the novel of Eric Schlosser. Official competition at Festival de Cannes.
Documentary films
2013 : Abraham Lincoln, the roads to Freedom by Carole Bienaimé (France Télévisions)
2012 : Label & Life, a documentary TV series about creation with Jean-Charles de Castelbajac, Karl Lagerfeld, Jean-Paul Gaultier, etc. by David Carr-Brown, Carole Bienaimé and Alain Teulère (NRJ Group/ NRJ 12/ NRJ Paris)
2008 : The Real Joan of Arc by Martin Meissonnier (ARTE)
2007 : Henri Leclerc au Nom de L'Homme, by Rémi Lainé, Empreintes (France 5)
2007: Taking on Chanel by Bren Simson (Al Jazeera English)
2004 : On God's Right by Martin Meissonnier (Canal + and SBS Australia)
2000 : Fous d'Opéra by Elizabeth Aubert (Canal +)
2000 : All about E.U. ? / Mein Gott Europa by Nick Fraser and Ben Lewis (BBC and ARTE)
2000 : Have you seen Jesus? by Alix de Saint-André and Bernard Cazedepats (Canal+)
1999 : Histoires d'en Sortir by Didier Lannoy (ARTE and France 3)
1998 : Journey to the Far Right by Nick Fraser and Christian Poveda (BBC and ARTE)
1998 : Le Saint-Suaire by Didier Lannoy (France 3)
1998 : Édouard Boubat by Itaka Schlubach (Paris Première)
1998 : Fashion : passion, sex and rebellion by Jaci Judelson and Gideon Koppel (BBC and ARTE)
TV fictions
2007 : Aïcha by Yamina Benguigui (France 2)
Music videos
2000: 1,2,3 Soleils (Khaled/Rachid Taha/Faudel) by Don't Kent (Barclay)
1999: Rodolphe Burger / Unlimited marriage II by Jacques Audiard (Chrysalis)
1999: Kenza, by Claude Santiago with Khaled (Barclay Polygram)
1999: Femi Kuti / Beng Beng Beng by Yves Buclet (Barclay Polygram / Universal Music)
1999: Liberté de Circulation / GISTI / Les petits papiers by Jacques Audiard (Naïve)
1998: Alain Bashung / Sommes-nous by Jacques Audiard
1998: Alain Bashung / La nuit je mens by Jacques Audiard, Best music video at Victoire de la musique in 1999 (Barclay Polygram)
1998 : Johnny Hallyday / Debout by Xavier Durringer (Mercury Records / Universal Music)
Honours and decorations
* Since December 2019 : Chevalier de l'Ordre National du Mérite by President Emmanuel Macron 3 December 2019
* Since July 2010 : Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the Minister of Culture Frédéric Mitterrand 1 July 2010.
* Since December 2020 : promoted Officier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by Minister of Culture Roselyne Bachelot 18 December 2020.
References and notes
External links
Board of COSIP fund at Centre national du cinéma et de l'image animée
Financial Times Business of Film Summit
April Snow Films & Capital
1973 births
Living people
French television producers
Women television producers
French film producers
French film directors
French television writers
French women screenwriters
Women television writers
French women film producers
French women film directors
Chief information officers | [
"Carole Bienaimé (also Carole Bienaimé-Besse), is a commissioner and board member of Conseil Supérieur de l'Audiovisuel, an independent agency of French government that regulates communications by radio, television, and internet platforms across France and all its territories.",
"She was nominated by the president of the French Senate, Gérard Larcher, in 2017.",
"Bienaimé-Besse used to be a television and cinema producer and a director.",
"She used to be an executive at April Snow Films & Capital.",
"Officier dans l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres promoted by French Minister of Culture Roselyne Bachelot and Chevalier de l'Ordre National du Mérite French order of merit by President Emmanuel Macron, Bienaimé Besse was a board member of the fund Compte de Soutien de l'Industrie de Programmes Audiovisuels at Centre national du cinéma et de l'image animée.",
"She was also vice-president of Producers Guild in France and a board member of French Producers Society.",
"Overview \nBienaimé Besse has over 20 years of experience in the international entertainment industry and fundraising.",
"Since 1998 she has been involved in many international productions.",
"Since 2017 Bienaimé-Besse has been a commissioner and board member of Conseil Supérieur de l'Audiovisuel.",
"She was designated by Gérard Larcher, the president of the French Senate, and then confirmed by the Education and Culture Commission of French Senate for a six-year term.",
"Before that, since 2007, and besides her producer and chief information officer position in April Snow Films & Capital, Bienaimé-Besse served as board member of Compte de Soutien de l'Industrie de Programmes Audiovisuels Fund at the Centre National du Cinéma et de l'Image Animée – the French public organisation part of the French Ministry of Culture that invests in feature films and TV programmes.",
"Renaud Donnedieu de Vabres, Minister of Culture at that time, named her to the board of the fund.",
"Producer, advisor for international productions and coproductions, and financing expert, she was invited in 2010 by the Financial Times, to be part, as speaker, of the FT Business of Film Summit in Doha, Qatar, with other producers such as Harvey Weinstein, Bill Mechanic, Jeremy Thomas, and Mark Gordon.",
"From February 2012 to January 2014 she was board member and vice president at the French Producers Guild.",
"Since March 2012, she has been a regular columnist on Le Huffington Post (in association with Le Monde group).",
"The editor-in-chief of the French version of The Huffington Post (Time Warner group) is managed by Anne Sinclair.",
"Previously in 2007 Bienaimé was managing director and Producer at Elemiah, the production company of Yamina Benguigui and Marc Ladreit de Lacharrière part of FIMALAC Group.",
"In 2006 she became shareholder of B Pop LLP, the production company of Malcolm McLaren, the same year Fast Food Nation by Richard Linklater, a feature film based on the novel of Eric Schlosser, produced by Malcolm Maclaren and Jeremy Thomas was selected by Festival de Cannes to be part of the official competition.",
"In 2004, she co-founded Productions Campagne Première, an international documentary films production company with Martin Meissonnier.",
"In 2000 she was head of fundraising and communications for Jacques Attali's international financing institution, PlaNet Finance, for which she also served as active board member.",
"Bienaimé-Besse established her career in 1998 in the film industry working as a production manager at Productions Phares & Balises (Jean Labib & T. Celal) and with producer Marco Cherqui (\"Un Prophète\").",
"In July 2010 Bienaimé-Besse was decorated as Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts & des Lettres a French cultural honor from the French Ministry of Culture for people of artistic or literary creation or for the contribution to the spread of arts and letters in France and the world.",
"In 2020 she was promoted to Officer de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, by Roselyne Bachelot, Minister Of Culture.",
"In December 2019 President Emmanuel Macron, decorated her as Chevalier de l'Ordre National du Mérite (National Order of Merit).",
"Bienaimé-Besse has a master's degree in law and international relations and a master's of business administration degree in economics.",
"Filmography\n\nFeature films \n2012: Heart of Blackness by Valérie Tong-Cuong and Isabelle Boni-Claverie with Danny Glover, based on the novel Où je Suis by Valérie Tong-Cuong published by Éditions Grasset & Fasquelle\n2006 : special advisor of Malcolm McLaren producer of Fast Food Nation a film by Richard Linklater, based on the novel of Eric Schlosser.",
"Official competition at Festival de Cannes.",
"Documentary films \n2013 : Abraham Lincoln, the roads to Freedom by Carole Bienaimé (France Télévisions)\n2012 : Label & Life, a documentary TV series about creation with Jean-Charles de Castelbajac, Karl Lagerfeld, Jean-Paul Gaultier, etc.",
"by David Carr-Brown, Carole Bienaimé and Alain Teulère (NRJ Group/ NRJ 12/ NRJ Paris)\n2008 : The Real Joan of Arc by Martin Meissonnier (ARTE)\n2007 : Henri Leclerc au Nom de L'Homme, by Rémi Lainé, Empreintes (France 5)\n2007: Taking on Chanel by Bren Simson (Al Jazeera English)\n2004 : On God's Right by Martin Meissonnier (Canal + and SBS Australia)\n2000 : Fous d'Opéra by Elizabeth Aubert (Canal +)\n2000 : All about E.U. ?",
"/ Mein Gott Europa by Nick Fraser and Ben Lewis (BBC and ARTE)\n2000 : Have you seen Jesus?",
"* Since December 2020 : promoted Officier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by Minister of Culture Roselyne Bachelot 18 December 2020.",
"References and notes\n\nExternal links \n Board of COSIP fund at Centre national du cinéma et de l'image animée\n \n Financial Times Business of Film Summit\n April Snow Films & Capital\n\n1973 births\nLiving people\nFrench television producers\nWomen television producers\nFrench film producers\nFrench film directors\nFrench television writers\nFrench women screenwriters\nWomen television writers\nFrench women film producers\nFrench women film directors\nChief information officers"
] | [
"The Conseil Supérieur de l'Audiovisuel is an independent agency of the French government that regulates communications by radio, television, and internet platforms.",
"The president of the French Senate nominated her.",
"Bienaimé-Besse was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217",
"She was an executive at April Snow Films.",
"Bienaimé Besse was a board member of the French order of merit.",
"She was a board member of the French Producers Society.",
"Bienaimé Besse has been in the entertainment industry for 20 years.",
"She has been involved in many productions.",
"Bienaimé-Besse is a board member of Conseil Supérieur de l'Audiovisuel.",
"She was confirmed by the Education and Culture Commission of the French Senate for a six-year term after being designated by the president of the French Senate.",
"Since 2007, Bienaimé-Besse has been the producer and chief information officer of April Snow Films & Capital.",
"She was named to the board of the fund by the Minister of Culture.",
"She was invited to speak at the Business of Film Summit in 2010 by the Financial Times, and she was joined by producers such as Harvey Weinstein, Bill Mechanic, and Jeremy Thomas.",
"She was a board member and vice president of the French Producers Guild.",
"She is a regular columnist on Le Huffington Post.",
"Anne Sinclair is the editor-in-chief of the French version of The Huffington Post.",
"In 2007, Bienaimé was managing director and producer at Elemiah, which was part of the FIMALAC Group.",
"In 2006 she became shareholder of B Pop, the production company of Malcolm McLaren, the same year Fast Food Nation by Richard Linklater, a feature film based on the novel of Eric Schlosser, produced by Malcolm Maclaren and Jeremy Thomas, was selected to be part of the Festival de",
"She and Martin Meissonnier founded Campagne Premire in 2004.",
"She was head of fundraising and communications for PlaNet Finance in 2000 and also an active board member.",
"In 1998 Bienaimé-Besse started her career in the film industry as a production manager.",
"The French Ministry of Culture decorated Bienaimé-Besse in July of 2010 as a Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts & des Lettres, a French cultural honor for people of artistic or literary creation or for the contribution to the spread of arts and letters in France and",
"She was promoted to Officer de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres in 2020.",
"She was decorated as a national order of merit in December.",
"Bienaimé-Besse has a master's degree in economics and a master's degree in international relations.",
"The film Heart of Blackness is based on the novel O je Suis by Valérie Tong-Cuong.",
"There is an official competition at the festival.",
"Abraham Lincoln, the roads to Freedom is a documentary film by France Télévisions.",
"The Real Joan of Arc was written by Martin Meissonnier.",
"Nick Fraser and Ben Lewis wrote \"Have you seen Jesus?\" in 2000.",
"The Officier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres was promoted in December 2020.",
"The Board of COSIP fund at Centre national du cinéma et de l'image has External links."
] | <mask> (also <mask>), is a commissioner and board member of Conseil Supérieur de l'Audiovisuel, an independent agency of French government that regulates communications by radio, television, and internet platforms across France and all its territories. She was nominated by the president of the French Senate, Gérard Larcher, in 2017. Bienaimé-Besse used to be a television and cinema producer and a director. She used to be an executive at April Snow Films & Capital. Officier dans l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres promoted by French Minister of Culture Roselyne Bachelot and Chevalier de l'Ordre National du Mérite French order of merit by President Emmanuel Macron, Bienaimé Besse was a board member of the fund Compte de Soutien de l'Industrie de Programmes Audiovisuels at Centre national du cinéma et de l'image animée. She was also vice-president of Producers Guild in France and a board member of French Producers Society. Overview
Bienaimé Besse has over 20 years of experience in the international entertainment industry and fundraising.Since 1998 she has been involved in many international productions. Since 2017 Bienaimé-Besse has been a commissioner and board member of Conseil Supérieur de l'Audiovisuel. She was designated by Gérard Larcher, the president of the French Senate, and then confirmed by the Education and Culture Commission of French Senate for a six-year term. Before that, since 2007, and besides her producer and chief information officer position in April Snow Films & Capital, Bienaimé-Besse served as board member of Compte de Soutien de l'Industrie de Programmes Audiovisuels Fund at the Centre National du Cinéma et de l'Image Animée – the French public organisation part of the French Ministry of Culture that invests in feature films and TV programmes. Renaud Donnedieu de Vabres, Minister of Culture at that time, named her to the board of the fund. Producer, advisor for international productions and coproductions, and financing expert, she was invited in 2010 by the Financial Times, to be part, as speaker, of the FT Business of Film Summit in Doha, Qatar, with other producers such as Harvey Weinstein, Bill Mechanic, Jeremy Thomas, and Mark Gordon. From February 2012 to January 2014 she was board member and vice president at the French Producers Guild.Since March 2012, she has been a regular columnist on Le Huffington Post (in association with Le Monde group). The editor-in-chief of the French version of The Huffington Post (Time Warner group) is managed by Anne Sinclair. Previously in 2007 Bienaimé was managing director and Producer at Elemiah, the production company of Yamina Benguigui and Marc Ladreit de Lacharrière part of FIMALAC Group. In 2006 she became shareholder of B Pop LLP, the production company of Malcolm McLaren, the same year Fast Food Nation by Richard Linklater, a feature film based on the novel of Eric Schlosser, produced by Malcolm Maclaren and Jeremy Thomas was selected by Festival de Cannes to be part of the official competition. In 2004, she co-founded Productions Campagne Première, an international documentary films production company with Martin Meissonnier. In 2000 she was head of fundraising and communications for Jacques Attali's international financing institution, PlaNet Finance, for which she also served as active board member. Bienaimé-Besse established her career in 1998 in the film industry working as a production manager at Productions Phares & Balises (Jean Labib & T. Celal) and with producer Marco Cherqui ("Un Prophète").In July 2010 Bienaimé-Besse was decorated as Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts & des Lettres a French cultural honor from the French Ministry of Culture for people of artistic or literary creation or for the contribution to the spread of arts and letters in France and the world. In 2020 she was promoted to Officer de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, by Roselyne Bachelot, Minister Of Culture. In December 2019 President Emmanuel Macron, decorated her as Chevalier de l'Ordre National du Mérite (National Order of Merit). Bienaimé-Besse has a master's degree in law and international relations and a master's of business administration degree in economics. Filmography
Feature films
2012: Heart of Blackness by Valérie Tong-Cuong and Isabelle Boni-Claverie with Danny Glover, based on the novel Où je Suis by Valérie Tong-Cuong published by Éditions Grasset & Fasquelle
2006 : special advisor of Malcolm McLaren producer of Fast Food Nation a film by Richard Linklater, based on the novel of Eric Schlosser. Official competition at Festival de Cannes. Documentary films
2013 : Abraham Lincoln, the roads to Freedom by <mask> (France Télévisions)
2012 : Label & Life, a documentary TV series about creation with Jean-Charles de Castelbajac, Karl Lagerfeld, Jean-Paul Gaultier, etc.by David Carr-Brown, <mask> and Alain Teulère (NRJ Group/ NRJ 12/ NRJ Paris)
2008 : The Real Joan of Arc by Martin Meissonnier (ARTE)
2007 : Henri Leclerc au Nom de L'Homme, by Rémi Lainé, Empreintes (France 5)
2007: Taking on Chanel by Bren Simson (Al Jazeera English)
2004 : On God's Right by Martin Meissonnier (Canal + and SBS Australia)
2000 : Fous d'Opéra by Elizabeth Aubert (Canal +)
2000 : All about E.U. ? / Mein Gott Europa by Nick Fraser and Ben Lewis (BBC and ARTE)
2000 : Have you seen Jesus? * Since December 2020 : promoted Officier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by Minister of Culture Roselyne Bachelot 18 December 2020. References and notes
External links
Board of COSIP fund at Centre national du cinéma et de l'image animée
Financial Times Business of Film Summit
April Snow Films & Capital
1973 births
Living people
French television producers
Women television producers
French film producers
French film directors
French television writers
French women screenwriters
Women television writers
French women film producers
French women film directors
Chief information officers | [
"Carole Bienaimé",
"Carole Bienaimé Besse",
"Carole Bienaimé",
"Carole Bienaimé"
] | The Conseil Supérieur de l'Audiovisuel is an independent agency of the French government that regulates communications by radio, television, and internet platforms. The president of the French Senate nominated her. Bienaimé-Besse was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 She was an executive at April Snow Films. Bienaimé Besse was a board member of the French order of merit. She was a board member of the French Producers Society. Bienaimé Besse has been in the entertainment industry for 20 years.She has been involved in many productions. <mask>-Besse is a board member of Conseil Supérieur de l'Audiovisuel. She was confirmed by the Education and Culture Commission of the French Senate for a six-year term after being designated by the president of the French Senate. Since 2007, <mask>-Besse has been the producer and chief information officer of April Snow Films & Capital. She was named to the board of the fund by the Minister of Culture. She was invited to speak at the Business of Film Summit in 2010 by the Financial Times, and she was joined by producers such as Harvey Weinstein, Bill Mechanic, and Jeremy Thomas. She was a board member and vice president of the French Producers Guild.She is a regular columnist on Le Huffington Post. Anne Sinclair is the editor-in-chief of the French version of The Huffington Post. In 2007, <mask> was managing director and producer at Elemiah, which was part of the FIMALAC Group. In 2006 she became shareholder of B Pop, the production company of Malcolm McLaren, the same year Fast Food Nation by Richard Linklater, a feature film based on the novel of Eric Schlosser, produced by Malcolm Maclaren and Jeremy Thomas, was selected to be part of the Festival de She and Martin Meissonnier founded Campagne Premire in 2004. She was head of fundraising and communications for PlaNet Finance in 2000 and also an active board member. In 1998 <mask>-Besse started her career in the film industry as a production manager.The French Ministry of Culture decorated <mask>-Besse in July of 2010 as a Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts & des Lettres, a French cultural honor for people of artistic or literary creation or for the contribution to the spread of arts and letters in France and She was promoted to Officer de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres in 2020. She was decorated as a national order of merit in December. <mask>-Besse has a master's degree in economics and a master's degree in international relations. The film Heart of Blackness is based on the novel O je Suis by Valérie Tong-Cuong. There is an official competition at the festival. Abraham Lincoln, the roads to Freedom is a documentary film by France Télévisions.The Real Joan of Arc was written by Martin Meissonnier. Nick Fraser and Ben Lewis wrote "Have you seen Jesus?" in 2000. The Officier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres was promoted in December 2020. The Board of COSIP fund at Centre national du cinéma et de l'image has External links. | [
"Bienaimé",
"Bienaimé",
"Bienaimé",
"Bienaimé",
"Bienaimé",
"Bienaimé"
] |
1956897 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yi%20Cheong | Yi Cheong | Yi Cheong (born 23 April 1936) is a member of the former Imperial Family of Korea and was a Korean-Japanese noble during Korea under Japanese rule in 1945-1947. He is a great-great-grandson of Heungseon Daewongun and the eldest son of Yi U and Park Chan-ju.
The Empire of Japan was defeated during the World War II in 1945; as the result, a new Japanese constitution was revised, in which Japanese nobility status was invalid since 1947, making Yi Cheong lost his nobility titles. He later graduated from Marquette University in the United States. In 2006, based on multiple historical sources including the Journal of the Royal Secretariat, Yi Cheong published a 4-volume compilation about the history of his ancestor, Heungseon Daewongun.
Biography
Born on April 23, 1936, 16:38 in the Tokyo residence from Shibuya, Tokyo City of the Empire of Japan, he is the eldest son of Duke Yi U and Duchess Park Chan-ju; he was later named, on April 29 of the same year, "Ri Sei" (リ セイ) in Japanese and "Yi Cheong" (이청) in Korean. Yi U was the second son of Prince Yi Kang and the heir to Yi Jun-yong, and Park Chan-ju was a granddaughter of Marquis Pak Yung-hio, the son-in-law of King Cheoljong of Joseon. In 1942, as a member of noble family, Yi Cheong enrolled in Gakushuin; as of 1944, he returned to Keijō (now Seoul of Korea) and resided in his ancestral home, Unhyeongung. On August 7, 1945, Yi Cheong's father, Yi U, was killed by the atomic bomb Little Boy during his way to work in Hiroshima; as his heir, Yi Cheong succeeded his title as Duke Yi Cheong (李淸公) three days later.
After the World War II, a series of nobility titles within Japan were abolished, including kazoku and Korean nobles, Yi Cheong lost his title in 1947 became a commoner ever since; around the same time, the Republic of Korea was founded. A law was legislated regarding the property of the former Imperial family and many of which was confiscated, but after the negotiation by Park Chan-ju, Yi Cheong and his family were allowed to own Unhyeongung, which was returned in 1948, based on the fact that the origin of Unhyeongung was the private residence of Heungseon Daewongun and his family. Under their procession, nevertheless, the scale of current Unhyeongung is much smaller than it used to be, because parts of the land were sold in decades, for various reasons including debt settlement and road expansion. During the tenure of President Syngman Rhee in 1950s, since Yi Cheong and Rhee are both from the Jeonju Yi clan and the latter was childless, Rhee asked to adopt Yi Cheong after they met, but this proposal was refused by the family of Unhyeongung. In 1954, Yi Cheong went to Kyunggi High School and later, in 1960, he acquired the decree from the Department of Civil Engineering of Marquette University, United States. On December 25, 1966, Yi Cheong's younger brother, Yi Jong, passed away in a traffic accident during his study career in the United States, making Yi Cheong the only remaining issue of his family.
Since his graduation, Yi Cheong worked as an engineer in H.T. Spoden & Associates in 1960-64 and Boss H. Bryan, a united design office, in 1965-69; both were in Tennessee. He also became a postgraduate in DePaul University for a year in 1970. As of 1974, he became the vice president of Dongwon Engineering Consultant Ltd. and he returned to Korea in 1991. In 1993, due to inability to maintain Unhyeongung, Yi Cheong and his mother decided to sell the palace to the municipal government of Seoul, and he moved to Bugahyeon-dong in Seodaemun District and later to Pyeongchang-dong. As of 1994, he was hired as a lecturer in Yonsei University as well as a visiting professor in the College of Business Administration of University of Seoul since 1998; he was a former member of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers (KSCE) and Architectural Institute of Korea.
In 2007, the Investigative Commission on Pro-Japanese Collaborators' Property (ICJCP), a Korean government institute existed in 2006-10, announced that Prince Imperial Heung and his son, Yi Jun-yong (both were Yi Cheong's adoptive ancestors), were both chinilpa, as they were the Korean Imperial representatives and they agreed to sign the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910. As a response, Yi Cheong appealed a judicial case, asking to undo the decision and claiming that the act was unconstitutional; the court eventually announced that the plaintiff lost the case.
After selling Unhyeongung, Yi Cheong still continues to donate relics and lands from his family. In 2007, he gave more than 8,000 artifacts to the Seoul Museum of History; in 2018, the cemetery of Heungseon Daewongun, covered an area of 2,555 square metres, and its surrounding lands of 129,935 square metres were given to Gyeonggi Province; they would cost 5.2 billion South Korean won (approximately $4.33 million) if the land were to be sold. For appreciation, the municipal government gave him a plaque as recognition.
Family
Great-great-grandfather: Heungseon Daewongun (1820-1898)
Great-great-grandmother: Grand Internal Princess Consort Sunmok (1818-1898), the eldest daughter of Min Chigu from the Yeoheung Min clan.
Great-grandfather (adoptive): Yi Jae-myeon, Prince Imperial Heung (1845-1912), the heir to Heungseon Daewongun; he became the Duke Yi Hui (李熹公) in 1910.
Great-grandmother (adoptive): Lady Hong of Pungsan (1844-1887), daughter of Hong Byeong-ju and the first wife of Yi Jae-myeon.
Great-grandmother (adoptive): Lady Yi of Yeoju, later the Princess Imperial Heung (1883-1978); her father was Yi Yingu and she was the second wife of Yi Jae-myeon. She became the Duchess Consort of Yi Hui (李熹公妃李氏) in 1910.
Grandfather (adoptive): Yi Jun-yong (Prince Yeongseon, 1870-1917), heir to Duke Yi Hui and succeeded the title in 1912 as Duke Yi Jun (李埈公).
Grandmother (adoptive): Lady Hong of the Namyang Hong clan (1870-1897), daughter of Hong Jong-seok and the first wife of Yi Jun-yong.
Grandmother (adoptive): Lady Kim of Guangsan (1878-1955), daughter of Kim Jae-jeong and the second wife of Yi Jun-yong. She became the Duchess Consort of Yi Jun (李埈公妃金氏) in 1912.
Great-grandfather (biological): Gojong of Korea (1852-1919), the 26th king of Joseon dynasty and the 1st emperor of the Korean Empire.
Great-grandmother (biological): Lady Jang of the Deoksu Jang clan, a lady-in-waiting of Gojong and his unofficial concubine.
Grandfather (biological): Prince Yi Kang (1877-1955), the second son of Gojong.
Grandmother (biological): Kim Heung-in, a concubine of Yi Kang; also known as "Lady Kim of Suindang" (修仁堂金氏, 수인당 김씨).
Father: Yi U (1912-1945), by birth the second son of Yi Kang. He became the heir to Duke Yi Jun in 1917 and succeeded the title in the same year.
Mother: Park Chan-ju (1914-1995), a granddaughter of Marquis Pak Yung-hio and the eldest daughter of Park Il-seo; she married in 1935 and became the Duchess Consort of Yi U (李鍝公妃賛珠).
Spouse: Kim Chae-yeong (1949-), married in 1971. Their issue includes at least a son.
See also
History of Korea
Rulers of Korea
References
Cheong
1936 births
Living people
Korea under Japanese rule
Korean nobility
Japanese nobility
People from Tokyo | [
"Yi Cheong (born 23 April 1936) is a member of the former Imperial Family of Korea and was a Korean-Japanese noble during Korea under Japanese rule in 1945-1947.",
"He is a great-great-grandson of Heungseon Daewongun and the eldest son of Yi U and Park Chan-ju.",
"The Empire of Japan was defeated during the World War II in 1945; as the result, a new Japanese constitution was revised, in which Japanese nobility status was invalid since 1947, making Yi Cheong lost his nobility titles.",
"He later graduated from Marquette University in the United States.",
"In 2006, based on multiple historical sources including the Journal of the Royal Secretariat, Yi Cheong published a 4-volume compilation about the history of his ancestor, Heungseon Daewongun.",
"Biography\nBorn on April 23, 1936, 16:38 in the Tokyo residence from Shibuya, Tokyo City of the Empire of Japan, he is the eldest son of Duke Yi U and Duchess Park Chan-ju; he was later named, on April 29 of the same year, \"Ri Sei\" (リ セイ) in Japanese and \"Yi Cheong\" (이청) in Korean.",
"Yi U was the second son of Prince Yi Kang and the heir to Yi Jun-yong, and Park Chan-ju was a granddaughter of Marquis Pak Yung-hio, the son-in-law of King Cheoljong of Joseon.",
"In 1942, as a member of noble family, Yi Cheong enrolled in Gakushuin; as of 1944, he returned to Keijō (now Seoul of Korea) and resided in his ancestral home, Unhyeongung.",
"On August 7, 1945, Yi Cheong's father, Yi U, was killed by the atomic bomb Little Boy during his way to work in Hiroshima; as his heir, Yi Cheong succeeded his title as Duke Yi Cheong (李淸公) three days later.",
"After the World War II, a series of nobility titles within Japan were abolished, including kazoku and Korean nobles, Yi Cheong lost his title in 1947 became a commoner ever since; around the same time, the Republic of Korea was founded.",
"A law was legislated regarding the property of the former Imperial family and many of which was confiscated, but after the negotiation by Park Chan-ju, Yi Cheong and his family were allowed to own Unhyeongung, which was returned in 1948, based on the fact that the origin of Unhyeongung was the private residence of Heungseon Daewongun and his family.",
"Under their procession, nevertheless, the scale of current Unhyeongung is much smaller than it used to be, because parts of the land were sold in decades, for various reasons including debt settlement and road expansion.",
"During the tenure of President Syngman Rhee in 1950s, since Yi Cheong and Rhee are both from the Jeonju Yi clan and the latter was childless, Rhee asked to adopt Yi Cheong after they met, but this proposal was refused by the family of Unhyeongung.",
"In 1954, Yi Cheong went to Kyunggi High School and later, in 1960, he acquired the decree from the Department of Civil Engineering of Marquette University, United States.",
"On December 25, 1966, Yi Cheong's younger brother, Yi Jong, passed away in a traffic accident during his study career in the United States, making Yi Cheong the only remaining issue of his family.",
"Since his graduation, Yi Cheong worked as an engineer in H.T.",
"Spoden & Associates in 1960-64 and Boss H. Bryan, a united design office, in 1965-69; both were in Tennessee.",
"He also became a postgraduate in DePaul University for a year in 1970.",
"As of 1974, he became the vice president of Dongwon Engineering Consultant Ltd. and he returned to Korea in 1991.",
"In 1993, due to inability to maintain Unhyeongung, Yi Cheong and his mother decided to sell the palace to the municipal government of Seoul, and he moved to Bugahyeon-dong in Seodaemun District and later to Pyeongchang-dong.",
"As of 1994, he was hired as a lecturer in Yonsei University as well as a visiting professor in the College of Business Administration of University of Seoul since 1998; he was a former member of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers (KSCE) and Architectural Institute of Korea.",
"In 2007, the Investigative Commission on Pro-Japanese Collaborators' Property (ICJCP), a Korean government institute existed in 2006-10, announced that Prince Imperial Heung and his son, Yi Jun-yong (both were Yi Cheong's adoptive ancestors), were both chinilpa, as they were the Korean Imperial representatives and they agreed to sign the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910.",
"As a response, Yi Cheong appealed a judicial case, asking to undo the decision and claiming that the act was unconstitutional; the court eventually announced that the plaintiff lost the case.",
"After selling Unhyeongung, Yi Cheong still continues to donate relics and lands from his family.",
"In 2007, he gave more than 8,000 artifacts to the Seoul Museum of History; in 2018, the cemetery of Heungseon Daewongun, covered an area of 2,555 square metres, and its surrounding lands of 129,935 square metres were given to Gyeonggi Province; they would cost 5.2 billion South Korean won (approximately $4.33 million) if the land were to be sold.",
"For appreciation, the municipal government gave him a plaque as recognition.",
"Family\nGreat-great-grandfather: Heungseon Daewongun (1820-1898)\nGreat-great-grandmother: Grand Internal Princess Consort Sunmok (1818-1898), the eldest daughter of Min Chigu from the Yeoheung Min clan.",
"Great-grandfather (adoptive): Yi Jae-myeon, Prince Imperial Heung (1845-1912), the heir to Heungseon Daewongun; he became the Duke Yi Hui (李熹公) in 1910.",
"Great-grandmother (adoptive): Lady Hong of Pungsan (1844-1887), daughter of Hong Byeong-ju and the first wife of Yi Jae-myeon.",
"Great-grandmother (adoptive): Lady Yi of Yeoju, later the Princess Imperial Heung (1883-1978); her father was Yi Yingu and she was the second wife of Yi Jae-myeon.",
"She became the Duchess Consort of Yi Hui (李熹公妃李氏) in 1910.",
"Grandfather (adoptive): Yi Jun-yong (Prince Yeongseon, 1870-1917), heir to Duke Yi Hui and succeeded the title in 1912 as Duke Yi Jun (李埈公).",
"Grandmother (adoptive): Lady Hong of the Namyang Hong clan (1870-1897), daughter of Hong Jong-seok and the first wife of Yi Jun-yong.",
"Grandmother (adoptive): Lady Kim of Guangsan (1878-1955), daughter of Kim Jae-jeong and the second wife of Yi Jun-yong.",
"She became the Duchess Consort of Yi Jun (李埈公妃金氏) in 1912.",
"Great-grandfather (biological): Gojong of Korea (1852-1919), the 26th king of Joseon dynasty and the 1st emperor of the Korean Empire.",
"Great-grandmother (biological): Lady Jang of the Deoksu Jang clan, a lady-in-waiting of Gojong and his unofficial concubine.",
"Grandfather (biological): Prince Yi Kang (1877-1955), the second son of Gojong.",
"Grandmother (biological): Kim Heung-in, a concubine of Yi Kang; also known as \"Lady Kim of Suindang\" (修仁堂金氏, 수인당 김씨).",
"Father: Yi U (1912-1945), by birth the second son of Yi Kang.",
"He became the heir to Duke Yi Jun in 1917 and succeeded the title in the same year.",
"Mother: Park Chan-ju (1914-1995), a granddaughter of Marquis Pak Yung-hio and the eldest daughter of Park Il-seo; she married in 1935 and became the Duchess Consort of Yi U (李鍝公妃賛珠).",
"Spouse: Kim Chae-yeong (1949-), married in 1971.",
"Their issue includes at least a son.",
"See also\nHistory of Korea\nRulers of Korea\n\nReferences\n\nCheong\n1936 births\nLiving people\nKorea under Japanese rule\nKorean nobility\nJapanese nobility\nPeople from Tokyo"
] | [
"Yi Cheong was a Korean-Japanese noble who was a member of the former Imperial Family of Korea.",
"He is a descendant of both Yi U and Park Chan-ju.",
"A new Japanese constitution was revised after the World War II defeat of the Empire of Japan, which resulted in Yi Cheong losing his nobility titles.",
"He graduated from a US university.",
"Yi Cheong published a 4-volume compendium about his ancestors history in 2006 based on multiple historical sources.",
"He was born on April 23, 1936 in the Tokyo residence from Shibuya, Tokyo City of the Empire of Japan, the eldest son of Duke Yi U and Duchess Park Chan-ju.",
"Park Chan-ju was a granddaughter of the son-in-law of King Cheoljong of Joseon and Yi U was the second son of Prince Yi Kang.",
"Yi Cheong was a member of the noble family and lived in his ancestral home, Unhyeongung, as of 1944.",
"Yi Cheong succeeded his father's title as Duke Yi Cheong three days after he was killed by the atomic bomb Little Boy.",
"After the World War II, a series of nobility titles within Japan were abolished, including kazoku and Korean nobles, and Yi Cheong lost his title in 1947.",
"After the negotiation by Park Chan-ju, Yi Cheong and his family were allowed to own Unhyeongung, which was returned in 1948, after the property of the former Imperial family was legislated.",
"The current Unhyeongung is smaller than it used to be because parts of the land were sold decades ago.",
"The family of Unhyeongung refused the proposal to adopt Yi Cheong since he was childless and he was from the Jeonju Yi clan.",
"In 1960, Yi Cheong obtained the decree from the Department of Civil Engineering of the United States.",
"Yi Cheong's younger brother, Yi Jong, passed away in a traffic accident during his study career in the United States, making Yi Cheong the only remaining issue of his family.",
"Yi Cheong was an engineer in H.T.",
"In the 1960's and 70's, there were two design offices in Tennessee, one of which was Boss H. Bryan.",
"He became a postgraduate in 1970.",
"He returned to Korea in 1991 after becoming the vice president of the company.",
"In 1993, due to the inability to maintain Unhyeongung, Yi Cheong and his mother decided to sell the palace to the municipal government of Seoul.",
"Since 1998 he has been a visiting professor in the College of Business Administration of University of Seoul, as well as a lecturer in Yonsei University.",
"In 2007, the Investigative Commission on Pro-Japanese Collaborators' Property (ICJCP), a Korean government institute, announced that Prince Imperial Heung and his son, Yi Jun-yong, were both chinilpa.",
"Yi Cheong appealed a judicial case, claiming that the act was unconstitutional, and the court announced that the case had been lost.",
"Yi Cheong continues to give relics and lands from his family after selling Unhyeongung.",
"In 2007, he gave more than 8,000 artifacts to the Seoul Museum of History, and in 2018, the cemetery of Heungseon Daewongun covered an area of 2,555 square metres, and its surrounding lands were given to Gyeonggi Province.",
"He received a plaque from the municipal government.",
"Sunmok was the eldest daughter of Min Chigu from the Yeoheung Min clan.",
"Prince Imperial Heung was the heir to the throne and became the Duke Yi Hui in 1910.",
"Lady Hong of Pungsan was the daughter of Hong Byeong-ju and the first wife of Yi Jae-myeon.",
"Lady Yi was the great-grandmother of the Princess Imperial Heung, who was the second wife of Yi Jae-myeon.",
"She became the consort of Yi Hui in 1910.",
"Duke Yi Jun () was the heir to the title and succeeded the title in 1912.",
"Lady Hong was the daughter of Hong Jong-seok and the first wife of Yi Jun-yong.",
"Lady Kim was the daughter of Kim Jae-jeong and the second wife of Yi Jun-yong.",
"She became the consort of Yi Jun in 1912.",
"Gojong of Korea was the 26th king of the Joseon dynasty and the 1st emperor of the Korean Empire.",
"A lady-in-waiting of Gojong and his unofficial concubine is a great-grandmother.",
"Prince Yi Kang was the second son of Gojong.",
"Also known as \"Lady Kim of Suindang\", Kim Heung-in was a concubine of Yi Kang.",
"The second son of Yi Kang was Yi U.",
"He succeeded the title of Duke Yi Jun in 1917.",
"Park Chan-ju was the daughter of Park Il-seo and was married to Yi U in 1935.",
"Kim Chae-yeong was married in 1971.",
"They have an issue with at least a son.",
"Korean nobility and people from Tokyo were mentioned in the History of Korea Rulers of Korea."
] | <mask> (born 23 April 1936) is a member of the former Imperial Family of Korea and was a Korean-Japanese noble during Korea under Japanese rule in 1945-1947. He is a great-great-grandson of Heungseon Daewongun and the eldest son of <mask> and Park Chan-ju. The Empire of Japan was defeated during the World War II in 1945; as the result, a new Japanese constitution was revised, in which Japanese nobility status was invalid since 1947, making <mask> lost his nobility titles. He later graduated from Marquette University in the United States. In 2006, based on multiple historical sources including the Journal of the Royal Secretariat, <mask> published a 4-volume compilation about the history of his ancestor, Heungseon Daewongun. Biography
Born on April 23, 1936, 16:38 in the Tokyo residence from Shibuya, Tokyo City of the Empire of Japan, he is the eldest son of Duke <mask> and Duchess Park Chan-ju; he was later named, on April 29 of the same year, "Ri Sei" (リ セイ) in Japanese and "<mask>g" (이청) in Korean. <mask> was the second son of Prince <mask> and the heir to <mask>-yong, and Park Chan-ju was a granddaughter of Marquis Pak Yung-hio, the son-in-law of King Cheoljong of Joseon.In 1942, as a member of noble family, <mask> enrolled in Gakushuin; as of 1944, he returned to Keijō (now Seoul of Korea) and resided in his ancestral home, Unhyeongung. On August 7, 1945, <mask>'s father, <mask>, was killed by the atomic bomb Little Boy during his way to work in Hiroshima; as his heir, <mask>g succeeded his title as Duke <mask>g (李淸公) three days later. After the World War II, a series of nobility titles within Japan were abolished, including kazoku and Korean nobles, <mask> lost his title in 1947 became a commoner ever since; around the same time, the Republic of Korea was founded. A law was legislated regarding the property of the former Imperial family and many of which was confiscated, but after the negotiation by Park Chan-ju, <mask> and his family were allowed to own Unhyeongung, which was returned in 1948, based on the fact that the origin of Unhyeongung was the private residence of Heungseon Daewongun and his family. Under their procession, nevertheless, the scale of current Unhyeongung is much smaller than it used to be, because parts of the land were sold in decades, for various reasons including debt settlement and road expansion. During the tenure of President Syngman Rhee in 1950s, since <mask> and Rhee are both from the Jeonju Yi clan and the latter was childless, Rhee asked to adopt <mask>g after they met, but this proposal was refused by the family of Unhyeongung. In 1954, <mask> went to Kyunggi High School and later, in 1960, he acquired the decree from the Department of Civil Engineering of Marquette University, United States.On December 25, 1966, <mask>'s younger brother, <mask>, passed away in a traffic accident during his study career in the United States, making <mask>g the only remaining issue of his family. Since his graduation, <mask>g worked as an engineer in H.T. Spoden & Associates in 1960-64 and Boss H. Bryan, a united design office, in 1965-69; both were in Tennessee. He also became a postgraduate in DePaul University for a year in 1970. As of 1974, he became the vice president of Dongwon Engineering Consultant Ltd. and he returned to Korea in 1991. In 1993, due to inability to maintain Unhyeongung, <mask>g and his mother decided to sell the palace to the municipal government of Seoul, and he moved to Bugahyeon-dong in Seodaemun District and later to Pyeongchang-dong. As of 1994, he was hired as a lecturer in Yonsei University as well as a visiting professor in the College of Business Administration of University of Seoul since 1998; he was a former member of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers (KSCE) and Architectural Institute of Korea.In 2007, the Investigative Commission on Pro-Japanese Collaborators' Property (ICJCP), a Korean government institute existed in 2006-10, announced that Prince Imperial Heung and his son, <mask>-yong (both were <mask>'s adoptive ancestors), were both chinilpa, as they were the Korean Imperial representatives and they agreed to sign the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910. As a response, <mask> appealed a judicial case, asking to undo the decision and claiming that the act was unconstitutional; the court eventually announced that the plaintiff lost the case. After selling Unhyeongung, <mask> still continues to donate relics and lands from his family. In 2007, he gave more than 8,000 artifacts to the Seoul Museum of History; in 2018, the cemetery of Heungseon Daewongun, covered an area of 2,555 square metres, and its surrounding lands of 129,935 square metres were given to Gyeonggi Province; they would cost 5.2 billion South Korean won (approximately $4.33 million) if the land were to be sold. For appreciation, the municipal government gave him a plaque as recognition. Family
Great-great-grandfather: Heungseon Daewongun (1820-1898)
Great-great-grandmother: Grand Internal Princess Consort Sunmok (1818-1898), the eldest daughter of Min Chigu from the Yeoheung Min clan. Great-grandfather (adoptive): <mask>-myeon, Prince Imperial Heung (1845-1912), the heir to Heungseon Daewongun; he became the <mask> Hui (李熹公) in 1910.Great-grandmother (adoptive): Lady Hong of Pungsan (1844-1887), daughter of Hong Byeong-ju and the first wife of <mask>-myeon. Great-grandmother (adoptive): Lady <mask> of Yeoju, later the Princess Imperial Heung (1883-1978); her father was <mask>u and she was the second wife of <mask>-myeon. She became the Duchess Consort of <mask> (李熹公妃李氏) in 1910. Grandfather (adoptive): <mask>-yong (Prince Yeongseon, 1870-1917), heir to Duke <mask> and succeeded the title in 1912 as Duke <mask> (李埈公). Grandmother (adoptive): Lady Hong of the Namyang Hong clan (1870-1897), daughter of Hong Jong-seok and the first wife of <mask>-yong. Grandmother (adoptive): Lady Kim of Guangsan (1878-1955), daughter of Kim Jae-jeong and the second wife of <mask>-yong. She became the Duchess Consort of Yi Jun (李埈公妃金氏) in 1912.Great-grandfather (biological): Gojong of Korea (1852-1919), the 26th king of Joseon dynasty and the 1st emperor of the Korean Empire. Great-grandmother (biological): Lady Jang of the Deoksu Jang clan, a lady-in-waiting of Gojong and his unofficial concubine. Grandfather (biological): Prince <mask> (1877-1955), the second son of Gojong. Grandmother (biological): Kim Heung-in, a concubine of <mask>; also known as "Lady Kim of Suindang" (修仁堂金氏, 수인당 김씨). Father: <mask> (1912-1945), by birth the second son of <mask>. He became the heir to Duke <mask> in 1917 and succeeded the title in the same year. Mother: Park Chan-ju (1914-1995), a granddaughter of Marquis Pak Yung-hio and the eldest daughter of Park Il-seo; she married in 1935 and became the Duchess Consort of Yi U (李鍝公妃賛珠).Spouse: Kim Chae-yeong (1949-), married in 1971. Their issue includes at least a son. See also
History of Korea
Rulers of Korea
References
Cheong
1936 births
Living people
Korea under Japanese rule
Korean nobility
Japanese nobility
People from Tokyo | [
"Yi Cheong",
"Yi U",
"Yi Cheong",
"Yi Cheong",
"Yi U",
"Yi Cheon",
"Yi U",
"Yi Kang",
"Yi Jun",
"Yi Cheong",
"Yi Cheong",
"Yi U",
"Yi Cheon",
"Yi Cheon",
"Yi Cheong",
"Yi Cheong",
"Yi Cheong",
"Yi Cheon",
"Yi Cheong",
"Yi Cheong",
"Yi Jong",
"Yi Cheon",
"Yi Cheon",
"Yi Cheon",
"Yi Jun",
"Yi Cheong",
"Yi Cheong",
"Yi Cheong",
"Yi Jae",
"Duke Yi",
"Yi Jae",
"Yi",
"Yi Ying",
"Yi Jae",
"Yi Hui",
"Yi Jun",
"Yi Hui",
"Yi Jun",
"Yi Jun",
"Yi Jun",
"Yi Kang",
"Yi Kang",
"Yi U",
"Yi Kang",
"Yi Jun"
] | <mask> was a Korean-Japanese noble who was a member of the former Imperial Family of Korea. He is a descendant of both <mask> and Park Chan-ju. A new Japanese constitution was revised after the World War II defeat of the Empire of Japan, which resulted in <mask> losing his nobility titles. He graduated from a US university. <mask> published a 4-volume compendium about his ancestors history in 2006 based on multiple historical sources. He was born on April 23, 1936 in the Tokyo residence from Shibuya, Tokyo City of the Empire of Japan, the eldest son of Duke <mask> and Duchess Park Chan-ju. Park Chan-ju was a granddaughter of the son-in-law of King Cheoljong of Joseon and <mask> was the second son of Prince <mask>.<mask> was a member of the noble family and lived in his ancestral home, Unhyeongung, as of 1944. <mask> succeeded his father's title as Duke <mask>g three days after he was killed by the atomic bomb Little Boy. After the World War II, a series of nobility titles within Japan were abolished, including kazoku and Korean nobles, and <mask> lost his title in 1947. After the negotiation by Park Chan-ju, <mask> and his family were allowed to own Unhyeongung, which was returned in 1948, after the property of the former Imperial family was legislated. The current Unhyeongung is smaller than it used to be because parts of the land were sold decades ago. The family of Unhyeongung refused the proposal to adopt <mask>g since he was childless and he was from the Jeonju Yi clan. In 1960, <mask>g obtained the decree from the Department of Civil Engineering of the United States.<mask>'s younger brother, <mask>, passed away in a traffic accident during his study career in the United States, making <mask> the only remaining issue of his family. <mask> was an engineer in H.T. In the 1960's and 70's, there were two design offices in Tennessee, one of which was Boss H. Bryan. He became a postgraduate in 1970. He returned to Korea in 1991 after becoming the vice president of the company. In 1993, due to the inability to maintain Unhyeongung, <mask> and his mother decided to sell the palace to the municipal government of Seoul. Since 1998 he has been a visiting professor in the College of Business Administration of University of Seoul, as well as a lecturer in Yonsei University.In 2007, the Investigative Commission on Pro-Japanese Collaborators' Property (ICJCP), a Korean government institute, announced that Prince Imperial Heung and his son, <mask>-yong, were both chinilpa. <mask> appealed a judicial case, claiming that the act was unconstitutional, and the court announced that the case had been lost. <mask> continues to give relics and lands from his family after selling Unhyeongung. In 2007, he gave more than 8,000 artifacts to the Seoul Museum of History, and in 2018, the cemetery of Heungseon Daewongun covered an area of 2,555 square metres, and its surrounding lands were given to Gyeonggi Province. He received a plaque from the municipal government. Sunmok was the eldest daughter of Min Chigu from the Yeoheung Min clan. Prince Imperial Heung was the heir to the throne and became the <mask> Hui in 1910.Lady Hong of Pungsan was the daughter of Hong Byeong-ju and the first wife of <mask>-myeon. Lady <mask> was the great-grandmother of the Princess Imperial Heung, who was the second wife of <mask>-myeon. She became the consort of <mask> in 1910. Duke <mask> () was the heir to the title and succeeded the title in 1912. Lady Hong was the daughter of Hong Jong-seok and the first wife of <mask>-yong. Lady Kim was the daughter of Kim Jae-jeong and the second wife of <mask>-yong. She became the consort of <mask> in 1912.Gojong of Korea was the 26th king of the Joseon dynasty and the 1st emperor of the Korean Empire. A lady-in-waiting of Gojong and his unofficial concubine is a great-grandmother. Prince <mask> was the second son of Gojong. Also known as "Lady Kim of Suindang", Kim Heung-in was a concubine of <mask>. The second son of <mask> was <mask>. He succeeded the title of Duke <mask> in 1917. Park Chan-ju was the daughter of Park Il-seo and was married to <mask> in 1935.Kim Chae-yeong was married in 1971. They have an issue with at least a son. Korean nobility and people from Tokyo were mentioned in the History of Korea Rulers of Korea. | [
"Yi Cheong",
"Yi U",
"Yi Cheong",
"Yi Cheong",
"Yi U",
"Yi U",
"Yi Kang",
"Yi Cheong",
"Yi Cheong",
"Yi Cheon",
"Yi Cheong",
"Yi Cheong",
"Yi Cheon",
"Yi Cheon",
"Yi Cheong",
"Yi Jong",
"Yi Cheong",
"Yi Cheong",
"Yi Cheong",
"Yi Jun",
"Yi Cheong",
"Yi Cheong",
"Duke Yi",
"Yi Jae",
"Yi",
"Yi Jae",
"Yi Hui",
"Yi Jun",
"Yi Jun",
"Yi Jun",
"Yi Jun",
"Yi Kang",
"Yi Kang",
"Yi Kang",
"Yi U",
"Yi Jun",
"Yi U"
] |
35011995 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craig%20Cohon | Craig Cohon | Craig Cohon is a London-based, Canadian businessman known for his role in bringing both Coca-Cola and Cirque du Soleil to Russia. A University of Western Ontario graduate and Advisory Board member, Cohon is also known for his work in the early 2000s in international development and London community building and for the last decade deeply involved in the nighttime entertainment business in Moscow and recently in London.
Early life
Cohon was born at Michael Reese Hospital in the South Side of Chicago, the eldest of two children of Susan Silver Cohon (Born 1938), a philanthropist and George Cohon (Born 1937), a former lawyer and Founder of McDonald's in Canada and Russia. His grandparents on both sides emigrated from Ukraine, Russia, Lithuania and Latvia.
Cohon moved with his parents and younger brother Mark to Toronto, Ontario, Canada in 1968 when he was five years old. He attended Upper Canada College where he excelled in rugby and also took up the saxophone which he plays to this day. Cohon went on to graduate from the economics and music faculty from The University of Western Ontario where he was heavily involved in student politics, was the Business Editor of the University newspaper, worked at the campus radio station and started a TV station on campus – playing in a band, throughout. Cohon also created the first Annual Western Charity Ball (1984) with Alan Thicke that continues to this day, raising millions of dollars for local London and Canadian charities.
Cohon got the travel bug in 1985 and has worked and traveled to 97 countries but calls London home and has lived there since 1999. As well as spending 15 years in Canada, Cohon has also spent 12 in the US, five years in Russia, two years in Sweden, two years in Norway and three months each in India, South Africa, Chile and Venezuela.
Post university, Cohon became one of the first Canadian venturers for the UK charity Operation Raleigh and participated in Operation 5C in 1985 to Southern Chile. He helped to build a school in Puerto Montt and completed a road survey on horseback for the extension of the Pan American Highway (which has now been built).
Corporate career
He came out of the jungle in May 1986, saw a Coca-Cola sign on a hut and went on to work for the company for 14 years. Cohon quickly grew through the ranks within Coca-Cola USA from 1986–1991. He was given the Miami territory and he started selling Coca-Cola to mom and pop restaurants from a banana-coloured station wagon and after two years had become one of the top salesmen in the country. Cohon was soon promoted to the company's headquarters in Atlanta and went on to train hundreds of Coca-Cola salespeople across the United States.
Two months after the opening of the Soviet Union's first McDonald's restaurant in Moscow in early 1991, his future mentor Donald Keough, President and CEO of the Coca-Cola Company worldwide, appointed Cohon as the company's first employee in the Soviet Union. He spent six months living in the communist party hotel Octoberskya 2 in Moscow where he learned to speak fluent Russian, worked at the local Soviet beverage factory, rode trucks, and traveled to every metro station in the city, convincing the leadership of Coca-Cola to invest in Russia. From age 27 to 31 he launched the brand to the Russians and led the construction of Coca-Cola's first factory in the former Soviet Union. Cohon and his friends and family were hosted by President Gorbachev at his 30th birthday party. He was often followed by the KGB and went public on Russian radio with tapes after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Just prior to the first Soviet Coca-Cola plant opening, a rocket-propelled hand grenade was launched at his office early one morning in October 1993, luckily causing little damage.
Cohon was eventually promoted to European Division Marketing Director and moved to Oslo, running the marketing for 15 countries in Northern Europe and the former Soviet Union. He then moved to Atlanta for four years where he was responsible for Brand Coca-Cola worldwide, including its activation at the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games.
After his extended tenure, he chose to jump off the traditional corporate career path and spend three years as Director of Learning Strategy for the Coca-Cola European Group.
Cohon moved to London in 1999 and was promoted to be Deputy Division President of The Northwest Europe Division.
Cohon was nominated to the Class of 1999 Global Leaders for Tomorrow at the World Economic Forum. It was in the midst of the anti-globalisation movement and after attending Davos and hearing former American President Clinton speak about the need to evolve capitalism to make it more equitable for all, he decided to leave The Coca-Cola Company and left a substantial amount of stock options on the table to pursue a more purposeful life and career.
He went on to work for Klaus Schwab, Founder of the World Economic Forum for six months, deeply engaging in the world of international organisations, understanding the world of Global NGOs and pushing the corporate social responsibility agenda. Perceiving the challenge of making a personal impact on global issues, in 2001 he founded Globalegacy and focused his efforts on making an impact in London's urban communities.
After teaching at the London Business School for a summer, he hired 10 students and began to craft a vision for Globalegacy. Cohon focused his efforts on East London and quickly moved into an office container near Bromley-By-Bow. He worked closely with local government authorities the LDA, Bromley-by-Bow Centre and Leaside Regeneration to begin to craft a local development strategy that worked for all prior to the awarding of the 2012 Olympic Games.
Cohon then decided to take his expertise back internationally. He teamed up with city development expert Jeb Brugmann and global business guru, CK Prahalad, author of Fortune at The Bottom of the Pyramid to own and lead an international development strategic advisory firm. Together they helped create and support two businesses for people in poverty. One started with BP, now called First Energy, is a provider of clean energy stoves for businesses and kitchens throughout India. The other, RML, was an early stage tech company incubated with Reuters.
Honours, Awards and Boards
In 1993, Cohon received an Honorary Doctorate of Economics from Moscow International University. In 2000, the World Economic Forum named him "A Global Leader for Tomorrow." He was awarded the 2003 Young Alumni Award from the University of Western Ontario and now sits on their Global Advisory Board. Cohon is an active supporter of London's soon-to-be-built Garden Bridge project. As well, he gives time to many local charities in London.
Cohon was one of the first sponsors of London's Ethical Fashion Forum's RE Fashion in 2008.
He is also Chairman of Worn Again since 2007, a technology innovation company in development of a circular textile to textile recycling technology and working closely with H & M.
Cohon decided to combine his international business experience and his love of Russia to delve into another business: entertainment. Partnering with Guy Laliberte, owner of the world's largest live entertainment company, Cohon brought Cirque du Soleil to Russia, acting as Vice Chairman of Cirque du Soleil Russia. Since 2009 he has helped transform the live entertainment business across the country, bringing 11 highly acclaimed international shows to 14 Russian cities which have been seen by 2.3 million people. Cohon spearheaded over US$120 million investment into the sector and has worked with 40 local Russian and International partners. He also led the implementation of Russia's first electronic ticketing system that provides security, best pricing and freedom of choice to millions of Russians. Cohon's Russian partner is currently finalising plans to build a US$50 million theatre to house future Cirque du Soleil shows in Moscow.
Personal life
Cohon lives on a barge called Ocean on the River Thames with his teenage son and daughter. Cohon was divorced in 2010 from Dr. Jeanette Sundberg-Cohon after an 18-year relationship.
Cohon is an avid international traveller. He does not own a car and travels throughout London by foot, boat, bike and public transport.
References
Canadian businesspeople
Living people
University of Western Ontario alumni
Place of birth missing (living people)
1963 births
Jewish Canadian philanthropists | [
"Craig Cohon is a London-based, Canadian businessman known for his role in bringing both Coca-Cola and Cirque du Soleil to Russia.",
"A University of Western Ontario graduate and Advisory Board member, Cohon is also known for his work in the early 2000s in international development and London community building and for the last decade deeply involved in the nighttime entertainment business in Moscow and recently in London.",
"Early life\nCohon was born at Michael Reese Hospital in the South Side of Chicago, the eldest of two children of Susan Silver Cohon (Born 1938), a philanthropist and George Cohon (Born 1937), a former lawyer and Founder of McDonald's in Canada and Russia.",
"His grandparents on both sides emigrated from Ukraine, Russia, Lithuania and Latvia.",
"Cohon moved with his parents and younger brother Mark to Toronto, Ontario, Canada in 1968 when he was five years old.",
"He attended Upper Canada College where he excelled in rugby and also took up the saxophone which he plays to this day.",
"Cohon went on to graduate from the economics and music faculty from The University of Western Ontario where he was heavily involved in student politics, was the Business Editor of the University newspaper, worked at the campus radio station and started a TV station on campus – playing in a band, throughout.",
"Cohon also created the first Annual Western Charity Ball (1984) with Alan Thicke that continues to this day, raising millions of dollars for local London and Canadian charities.",
"Cohon got the travel bug in 1985 and has worked and traveled to 97 countries but calls London home and has lived there since 1999.",
"As well as spending 15 years in Canada, Cohon has also spent 12 in the US, five years in Russia, two years in Sweden, two years in Norway and three months each in India, South Africa, Chile and Venezuela.",
"Post university, Cohon became one of the first Canadian venturers for the UK charity Operation Raleigh and participated in Operation 5C in 1985 to Southern Chile.",
"He helped to build a school in Puerto Montt and completed a road survey on horseback for the extension of the Pan American Highway (which has now been built).",
"Corporate career\nHe came out of the jungle in May 1986, saw a Coca-Cola sign on a hut and went on to work for the company for 14 years.",
"Cohon quickly grew through the ranks within Coca-Cola USA from 1986–1991.",
"He was given the Miami territory and he started selling Coca-Cola to mom and pop restaurants from a banana-coloured station wagon and after two years had become one of the top salesmen in the country.",
"Cohon was soon promoted to the company's headquarters in Atlanta and went on to train hundreds of Coca-Cola salespeople across the United States.",
"Two months after the opening of the Soviet Union's first McDonald's restaurant in Moscow in early 1991, his future mentor Donald Keough, President and CEO of the Coca-Cola Company worldwide, appointed Cohon as the company's first employee in the Soviet Union.",
"He spent six months living in the communist party hotel Octoberskya 2 in Moscow where he learned to speak fluent Russian, worked at the local Soviet beverage factory, rode trucks, and traveled to every metro station in the city, convincing the leadership of Coca-Cola to invest in Russia.",
"From age 27 to 31 he launched the brand to the Russians and led the construction of Coca-Cola's first factory in the former Soviet Union.",
"Cohon and his friends and family were hosted by President Gorbachev at his 30th birthday party.",
"He was often followed by the KGB and went public on Russian radio with tapes after the collapse of the Soviet Union.",
"Just prior to the first Soviet Coca-Cola plant opening, a rocket-propelled hand grenade was launched at his office early one morning in October 1993, luckily causing little damage.",
"Cohon was eventually promoted to European Division Marketing Director and moved to Oslo, running the marketing for 15 countries in Northern Europe and the former Soviet Union.",
"He then moved to Atlanta for four years where he was responsible for Brand Coca-Cola worldwide, including its activation at the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games.",
"After his extended tenure, he chose to jump off the traditional corporate career path and spend three years as Director of Learning Strategy for the Coca-Cola European Group.",
"Cohon moved to London in 1999 and was promoted to be Deputy Division President of The Northwest Europe Division.",
"Cohon was nominated to the Class of 1999 Global Leaders for Tomorrow at the World Economic Forum.",
"It was in the midst of the anti-globalisation movement and after attending Davos and hearing former American President Clinton speak about the need to evolve capitalism to make it more equitable for all, he decided to leave The Coca-Cola Company and left a substantial amount of stock options on the table to pursue a more purposeful life and career.",
"He went on to work for Klaus Schwab, Founder of the World Economic Forum for six months, deeply engaging in the world of international organisations, understanding the world of Global NGOs and pushing the corporate social responsibility agenda.",
"Perceiving the challenge of making a personal impact on global issues, in 2001 he founded Globalegacy and focused his efforts on making an impact in London's urban communities.",
"After teaching at the London Business School for a summer, he hired 10 students and began to craft a vision for Globalegacy.",
"Cohon focused his efforts on East London and quickly moved into an office container near Bromley-By-Bow.",
"He worked closely with local government authorities the LDA, Bromley-by-Bow Centre and Leaside Regeneration to begin to craft a local development strategy that worked for all prior to the awarding of the 2012 Olympic Games.",
"Cohon then decided to take his expertise back internationally.",
"He teamed up with city development expert Jeb Brugmann and global business guru, CK Prahalad, author of Fortune at The Bottom of the Pyramid to own and lead an international development strategic advisory firm.",
"Together they helped create and support two businesses for people in poverty.",
"One started with BP, now called First Energy, is a provider of clean energy stoves for businesses and kitchens throughout India.",
"The other, RML, was an early stage tech company incubated with Reuters.",
"Honours, Awards and Boards\nIn 1993, Cohon received an Honorary Doctorate of Economics from Moscow International University.",
"In 2000, the World Economic Forum named him \"A Global Leader for Tomorrow.\"",
"He was awarded the 2003 Young Alumni Award from the University of Western Ontario and now sits on their Global Advisory Board.",
"Cohon is an active supporter of London's soon-to-be-built Garden Bridge project.",
"As well, he gives time to many local charities in London.",
"Cohon was one of the first sponsors of London's Ethical Fashion Forum's RE Fashion in 2008.",
"He is also Chairman of Worn Again since 2007, a technology innovation company in development of a circular textile to textile recycling technology and working closely with H & M.\n\nCohon decided to combine his international business experience and his love of Russia to delve into another business: entertainment.",
"Partnering with Guy Laliberte, owner of the world's largest live entertainment company, Cohon brought Cirque du Soleil to Russia, acting as Vice Chairman of Cirque du Soleil Russia.",
"Since 2009 he has helped transform the live entertainment business across the country, bringing 11 highly acclaimed international shows to 14 Russian cities which have been seen by 2.3 million people.",
"Cohon spearheaded over US$120 million investment into the sector and has worked with 40 local Russian and International partners.",
"He also led the implementation of Russia's first electronic ticketing system that provides security, best pricing and freedom of choice to millions of Russians.",
"Cohon's Russian partner is currently finalising plans to build a US$50 million theatre to house future Cirque du Soleil shows in Moscow.",
"Personal life\nCohon lives on a barge called Ocean on the River Thames with his teenage son and daughter.",
"Cohon was divorced in 2010 from Dr. Jeanette Sundberg-Cohon after an 18-year relationship.",
"Cohon is an avid international traveller.",
"He does not own a car and travels throughout London by foot, boat, bike and public transport.",
"References\n\nCanadian businesspeople\nLiving people\nUniversity of Western Ontario alumni\nPlace of birth missing (living people)\n1963 births\nJewish Canadian philanthropists"
] | [
"Craig Cohon is a Canadian businessman who brought Coca-Cola and Cirque du Soleil to Russia.",
"Cohon is a graduate of the University of Western Ontario and is a member of the Advisory Board.",
"Cohon was born at Michael Reese Hospital in the South Side of Chicago, the eldest of two children of Susan Silver Cohon, a philanthropist and George Cohon, a former lawyer and founder of McDonald's in Canada and Russia.",
"His grandparents came from both sides of the pond.",
"When Cohon was five years old, his family moved to Toronto, Ontario, Canada.",
"He excelled in rugby at Upper Canada College and also took up the saxophone.",
"Cohon graduated from the economics and music faculty at The University of Western Ontario where he was heavily involved in student politics, was the Business Editor of the University newspaper, worked at the campus radio station, and started a TV station on campus.",
"The first Annual Western Charity Ball, created by Cohon and Alan Thicke, raised millions of dollars for local London and Canadian charities.",
"Cohon has been living in London since 1999 and has traveled to 97 countries.",
"In addition to spending 15 years in Canada, Cohon has also spent 12 years in the US, five years in Russia, two years in Sweden, two years in Norway, and three months in India, South Africa, and Venezuela.",
"Cohon was one of the first Canadian venturers for the UK charity Operation Raleigh and was involved in the 1985 operation to Southern Chile.",
"He helped to build a school in Puerto Montt and completed a road survey on horseback for the extension of the Pan American Highway.",
"He worked for the company for 14 years after seeing a Coca-Cola sign in a hut.",
"From 1986–1991, Cohon grew through the ranks of Coca-Cola USA.",
"After two years, he became one of the top Coca-Cola salesmen in the country, after being given the Miami territory.",
"Cohon went on to train hundreds of Coca-Cola salespeople in the United States after being promoted to the company's headquarters in Atlanta.",
"Donald Keough, President and CEO of the Coca-Cola Company worldwide, appointed Cohon as the company's first employee in the Soviet Union two months after the opening of the first McDonald's restaurant in Moscow.",
"He lived in the Octoberskya 2 hotel in Moscow for six months, learning to speak Russian, working at the local Soviet beverage factory, and persuading the leadership of Coca-Cola to invest in Russia.",
"He led the construction of Coca-Cola's first factory in the former Soviet Union and launched the brand at age 27.",
"President Gorbachev hosted Cohon and his friends and family at his 30th birthday party.",
"After the fall of the Soviet Union, he went public with tapes on Russian radio.",
"A rocket-propelled hand grenade was launched at his office early one morning in October 1993, luckily causing little damage, just prior to the first Soviet Coca-Cola plant opening.",
"Cohon ran the marketing for 15 countries in Northern Europe and the former Soviet Union after being promoted to European Division Marketing Director.",
"He was in Atlanta for four years where he was in charge of Brand Coca-Cola worldwide.",
"He spent three years as the Director of Learning Strategy for the Coca-Cola European Group after jumping off the traditional corporate career path.",
"Cohon moved to London in 1999 and was promoted to be the deputy division president.",
"The Class of 1999 Global Leaders for Tomorrow was nominated by Cohon.",
"He decided to leave The Coca-Cola Company in the midst of the anti-globalisation movement after hearing former American President Clinton speak about the need to evolve capitalism to make it more equitable for all.",
"He worked for the founder of the World Economic Forum for six months, engaging in the world of international organizations, understanding the world of Global NGOs and pushing the corporate social responsibility agenda.",
"In 2001 he founded Globalegacy and focused his efforts on making an impact in London's urban communities.",
"He hired 10 students and began to create a vision for Globalegacy after teaching at the London Business School.",
"Cohon moved into an office container near Bromley-by-Bow after concentrating on East London.",
"He worked closely with local government authorities to craft a local development strategy that worked for all before the 2012 Olympic Games.",
"Cohon decided to return his expertise to other countries.",
"He formed a partnership with two other people to own and lead an international development strategic advisory firm.",
"They helped create and support businesses for people in poverty.",
"First Energy is a provider of clean energy stoves for businesses and kitchens in India.",
"The other was an early stage tech company.",
"Cohon received a degree from Moscow International University in 1993.",
"He was named \"A Global Leader for Tomorrow\" by the World Economic Forum.",
"He is a member of the Global Advisory Board and received the 2003 Young Alumni Award from the University of Western Ontario.",
"The Garden Bridge project is supported by Cohon.",
"He gives time to many charities in London.",
"Cohon was one of the first sponsors of RE Fashion.",
"He is Chairman of Worn Again since 2007, a technology innovation company in development of a circular textile to textile recycling technology and working closely with H & M. Cohon decided to combine his international business experience and his love of Russia to venture into another business: entertainment.",
"Cohon worked with Guy Laliberte, owner of the world's largest live entertainment company, to bring Cirque du Soleil to Russia.",
"He has helped transform the live entertainment business across the country, bringing 11 highly acclaimed international shows to 14 Russian cities which have been seen by 2.3 million people.",
"Over a hundred million dollars was invested into the sector by Cohon and 40 local Russian and International partners.",
"The implementation of Russia's first electronic ticketing system provided security, best pricing and freedom of choice to millions of Russians.",
"The Russian partner of Cohon is finalising plans to build a $50 million theatre to house future Cirque du Soleil shows.",
"Cohon lives on a barge with his teenage son and daughter.",
"Cohon was married to Dr. Jeanette Sundberg- Cohon for 18 years.",
"Cohon is an avid traveller.",
"He doesn't own a car and travels around London by foot, boat, bike and public transport.",
"The University of Western Ontario alumni place of birth is missing."
] | <mask> is a London-based, Canadian businessman known for his role in bringing both Coca-Cola and Cirque du Soleil to Russia. A University of Western Ontario graduate and Advisory Board member, <mask> is also known for his work in the early 2000s in international development and London community building and for the last decade deeply involved in the nighttime entertainment business in Moscow and recently in London. Early life
<mask> was born at Michael Reese Hospital in the South Side of Chicago, the eldest of two children of <mask> (Born 1938), a philanthropist and <mask> (Born 1937), a former lawyer and Founder of McDonald's in Canada and Russia. His grandparents on both sides emigrated from Ukraine, Russia, Lithuania and Latvia. <mask> moved with his parents and younger brother Mark to Toronto, Ontario, Canada in 1968 when he was five years old. He attended Upper Canada College where he excelled in rugby and also took up the saxophone which he plays to this day. <mask> went on to graduate from the economics and music faculty from The University of Western Ontario where he was heavily involved in student politics, was the Business Editor of the University newspaper, worked at the campus radio station and started a TV station on campus – playing in a band, throughout.<mask> also created the first Annual Western Charity Ball (1984) with Alan Thicke that continues to this day, raising millions of dollars for local London and Canadian charities. <mask> got the travel bug in 1985 and has worked and traveled to 97 countries but calls London home and has lived there since 1999. As well as spending 15 years in Canada, <mask> has also spent 12 in the US, five years in Russia, two years in Sweden, two years in Norway and three months each in India, South Africa, Chile and Venezuela. Post university, <mask> became one of the first Canadian venturers for the UK charity Operation Raleigh and participated in Operation 5C in 1985 to Southern Chile. He helped to build a school in Puerto Montt and completed a road survey on horseback for the extension of the Pan American Highway (which has now been built). Corporate career
He came out of the jungle in May 1986, saw a Coca-Cola sign on a hut and went on to work for the company for 14 years. <mask> quickly grew through the ranks within Coca-Cola USA from 1986–1991.He was given the Miami territory and he started selling Coca-Cola to mom and pop restaurants from a banana-coloured station wagon and after two years had become one of the top salesmen in the country. <mask> was soon promoted to the company's headquarters in Atlanta and went on to train hundreds of Coca-Cola salespeople across the United States. Two months after the opening of the Soviet Union's first McDonald's restaurant in Moscow in early 1991, his future mentor Donald Keough, President and CEO of the Coca-Cola Company worldwide, appointed <mask> as the company's first employee in the Soviet Union. He spent six months living in the communist party hotel Octoberskya 2 in Moscow where he learned to speak fluent Russian, worked at the local Soviet beverage factory, rode trucks, and traveled to every metro station in the city, convincing the leadership of Coca-Cola to invest in Russia. From age 27 to 31 he launched the brand to the Russians and led the construction of Coca-Cola's first factory in the former Soviet Union. <mask> and his friends and family were hosted by President Gorbachev at his 30th birthday party. He was often followed by the KGB and went public on Russian radio with tapes after the collapse of the Soviet Union.Just prior to the first Soviet Coca-Cola plant opening, a rocket-propelled hand grenade was launched at his office early one morning in October 1993, luckily causing little damage. <mask> was eventually promoted to European Division Marketing Director and moved to Oslo, running the marketing for 15 countries in Northern Europe and the former Soviet Union. He then moved to Atlanta for four years where he was responsible for Brand Coca-Cola worldwide, including its activation at the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games. After his extended tenure, he chose to jump off the traditional corporate career path and spend three years as Director of Learning Strategy for the Coca-Cola European Group. <mask> moved to London in 1999 and was promoted to be Deputy Division President of The Northwest Europe Division. <mask> was nominated to the Class of 1999 Global Leaders for Tomorrow at the World Economic Forum. It was in the midst of the anti-globalisation movement and after attending Davos and hearing former American President Clinton speak about the need to evolve capitalism to make it more equitable for all, he decided to leave The Coca-Cola Company and left a substantial amount of stock options on the table to pursue a more purposeful life and career.He went on to work for Klaus Schwab, Founder of the World Economic Forum for six months, deeply engaging in the world of international organisations, understanding the world of Global NGOs and pushing the corporate social responsibility agenda. Perceiving the challenge of making a personal impact on global issues, in 2001 he founded Globalegacy and focused his efforts on making an impact in London's urban communities. After teaching at the London Business School for a summer, he hired 10 students and began to craft a vision for Globalegacy. <mask> focused his efforts on East London and quickly moved into an office container near Bromley-By-Bow. He worked closely with local government authorities the LDA, Bromley-by-Bow Centre and Leaside Regeneration to begin to craft a local development strategy that worked for all prior to the awarding of the 2012 Olympic Games. <mask> then decided to take his expertise back internationally. He teamed up with city development expert Jeb Brugmann and global business guru, CK Prahalad, author of Fortune at The Bottom of the Pyramid to own and lead an international development strategic advisory firm.Together they helped create and support two businesses for people in poverty. One started with BP, now called First Energy, is a provider of clean energy stoves for businesses and kitchens throughout India. The other, RML, was an early stage tech company incubated with Reuters. Honours, Awards and Boards
In 1993, <mask> received an Honorary Doctorate of Economics from Moscow International University. In 2000, the World Economic Forum named him "A Global Leader for Tomorrow." He was awarded the 2003 Young Alumni Award from the University of Western Ontario and now sits on their Global Advisory Board. <mask> is an active supporter of London's soon-to-be-built Garden Bridge project.As well, he gives time to many local charities in London. <mask> was one of the first sponsors of London's Ethical Fashion Forum's RE Fashion in 2008. He is also Chairman of Worn Again since 2007, a technology innovation company in development of a circular textile to textile recycling technology and working closely with H & M.
<mask> decided to combine his international business experience and his love of Russia to delve into another business: entertainment. Partnering with Guy Laliberte, owner of the world's largest live entertainment company, <mask> brought Cirque du Soleil to Russia, acting as Vice Chairman of Cirque du Soleil Russia. Since 2009 he has helped transform the live entertainment business across the country, bringing 11 highly acclaimed international shows to 14 Russian cities which have been seen by 2.3 million people. <mask> spearheaded over US$120 million investment into the sector and has worked with 40 local Russian and International partners. He also led the implementation of Russia's first electronic ticketing system that provides security, best pricing and freedom of choice to millions of Russians.<mask>'s Russian partner is currently finalising plans to build a US$50 million theatre to house future Cirque du Soleil shows in Moscow. Personal life
<mask> lives on a barge called Ocean on the River Thames with his teenage son and daughter. <mask> was divorced in 2010 from Dr. Jeanette Sundberg-<mask> after an 18-year relationship. <mask> is an avid international traveller. He does not own a car and travels throughout London by foot, boat, bike and public transport. References
Canadian businesspeople
Living people
University of Western Ontario alumni
Place of birth missing (living people)
1963 births
Jewish Canadian philanthropists | [
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"Cohon",
"Susan Silver Cohon",
"George Cohon",
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"Cohon",
"Cohon",
"Cohon",
"Cohon",
"Cohon",
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"Cohon",
"Cohon"
] | <mask> is a Canadian businessman who brought Coca-Cola and Cirque du Soleil to Russia. <mask> is a graduate of the University of Western Ontario and is a member of the Advisory Board. <mask> was born at Michael Reese Hospital in the South Side of Chicago, the eldest of two children of <mask>, a philanthropist and <mask>, a former lawyer and founder of McDonald's in Canada and Russia. His grandparents came from both sides of the pond. When <mask> was five years old, his family moved to Toronto, Ontario, Canada. He excelled in rugby at Upper Canada College and also took up the saxophone. <mask> graduated from the economics and music faculty at The University of Western Ontario where he was heavily involved in student politics, was the Business Editor of the University newspaper, worked at the campus radio station, and started a TV station on campus.The first Annual Western Charity Ball, created by <mask> and Alan Thicke, raised millions of dollars for local London and Canadian charities. <mask> has been living in London since 1999 and has traveled to 97 countries. In addition to spending 15 years in Canada, <mask> has also spent 12 years in the US, five years in Russia, two years in Sweden, two years in Norway, and three months in India, South Africa, and Venezuela. <mask> was one of the first Canadian venturers for the UK charity Operation Raleigh and was involved in the 1985 operation to Southern Chile. He helped to build a school in Puerto Montt and completed a road survey on horseback for the extension of the Pan American Highway. He worked for the company for 14 years after seeing a Coca-Cola sign in a hut. From 1986–1991, <mask> grew through the ranks of Coca-Cola USA.After two years, he became one of the top Coca-Cola salesmen in the country, after being given the Miami territory. <mask> went on to train hundreds of Coca-Cola salespeople in the United States after being promoted to the company's headquarters in Atlanta. Donald Keough, President and CEO of the Coca-Cola Company worldwide, appointed <mask> as the company's first employee in the Soviet Union two months after the opening of the first McDonald's restaurant in Moscow. He lived in the Octoberskya 2 hotel in Moscow for six months, learning to speak Russian, working at the local Soviet beverage factory, and persuading the leadership of Coca-Cola to invest in Russia. He led the construction of Coca-Cola's first factory in the former Soviet Union and launched the brand at age 27. President Gorbachev hosted <mask> and his friends and family at his 30th birthday party. After the fall of the Soviet Union, he went public with tapes on Russian radio.A rocket-propelled hand grenade was launched at his office early one morning in October 1993, luckily causing little damage, just prior to the first Soviet Coca-Cola plant opening. <mask> ran the marketing for 15 countries in Northern Europe and the former Soviet Union after being promoted to European Division Marketing Director. He was in Atlanta for four years where he was in charge of Brand Coca-Cola worldwide. He spent three years as the Director of Learning Strategy for the Coca-Cola European Group after jumping off the traditional corporate career path. <mask> moved to London in 1999 and was promoted to be the deputy division president. The Class of 1999 Global Leaders for Tomorrow was nominated by <mask>. He decided to leave The Coca-Cola Company in the midst of the anti-globalisation movement after hearing former American President Clinton speak about the need to evolve capitalism to make it more equitable for all.He worked for the founder of the World Economic Forum for six months, engaging in the world of international organizations, understanding the world of Global NGOs and pushing the corporate social responsibility agenda. In 2001 he founded Globalegacy and focused his efforts on making an impact in London's urban communities. He hired 10 students and began to create a vision for Globalegacy after teaching at the London Business School. <mask> moved into an office container near Bromley-by-Bow after concentrating on East London. He worked closely with local government authorities to craft a local development strategy that worked for all before the 2012 Olympic Games. <mask> decided to return his expertise to other countries. He formed a partnership with two other people to own and lead an international development strategic advisory firm.They helped create and support businesses for people in poverty. First Energy is a provider of clean energy stoves for businesses and kitchens in India. The other was an early stage tech company. <mask> received a degree from Moscow International University in 1993. He was named "A Global Leader for Tomorrow" by the World Economic Forum. He is a member of the Global Advisory Board and received the 2003 Young Alumni Award from the University of Western Ontario. The Garden Bridge project is supported by <mask>.He gives time to many charities in London. <mask> was one of the first sponsors of RE Fashion. He is Chairman of Worn Again since 2007, a technology innovation company in development of a circular textile to textile recycling technology and working closely with H & M. <mask> decided to combine his international business experience and his love of Russia to venture into another business: entertainment. <mask> worked with Guy Laliberte, owner of the world's largest live entertainment company, to bring Cirque du Soleil to Russia. He has helped transform the live entertainment business across the country, bringing 11 highly acclaimed international shows to 14 Russian cities which have been seen by 2.3 million people. Over a hundred million dollars was invested into the sector by <mask> and 40 local Russian and International partners. The implementation of Russia's first electronic ticketing system provided security, best pricing and freedom of choice to millions of Russians.The Russian partner of <mask> is finalising plans to build a $50 million theatre to house future Cirque du Soleil shows. <mask> lives on a barge with his teenage son and daughter. <mask> was married to Dr. Jeanette Sundberg- <mask> for 18 years. <mask> is an avid traveller. He doesn't own a car and travels around London by foot, boat, bike and public transport. The University of Western Ontario alumni place of birth is missing. | [
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"Cohon",
"Cohon"
] |
2413370 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy%20Rivera | Sandy Rivera | Sandy Rivera is an American house music DJ, record producer and label owner. Born in New York City, he is now based in New Jersey.
Biography
Rivera, born January 18th 1971 and started his career at age 13 as a DJ in his native Spanish Harlem. He began producing house music in 1992, specializing in a more soulful sound. He has worked under a variety of pseudonyms, including Kings of Tomorrow, Soul Vision and Mysterious People, either alone or with partners Jose Burgos, HAZE and Jay 'Sinister' Sealee (Rivera parted ways with Sealee in 2002). He is the owner of labels BlackWiz (founded 1993) and Deep Vision Records (founded 1995).
Rivera's best known track is "Finally", released in 2000 as Kings of Tomorrow on Distance Records, with vocals by Julie McKnight, which peaked at number 24 in the UK Singles Chart and at number 17 on the Billboard dance chart, and appeared in a large number of compilations from labels such as Defected Records, Ministry of Sound, Hed Kandi, and Warner Music. The track is included in K.O.T.'s first album It's in the Lifestyle. The same album also yielded the track "Young Hearts". The vocal version of "Finally" was also used as a part of a remixed single by the British act Layo & Bushwacka for their 2003 single "Love Story (vs. Finally)". The second K.O.T. album was released in 2005, titled Trouble. Rivera claims this is his first album produced without recourse to samples, and marks the official separation between this and other aliases: Kings of Tomorrow is used for more radio-friendly tracks, while his real name will be used for club-friendly tracks.
As a producer and remixer, Sandy Rivera has worked for a variety of other artists, including veteran jazz musician Terry Callier, Gisele Jackson, Bini & Martini, Michelle Weeks, Ladysmith Black Mambazo and Walter L. Robinson.
Discography
Albums
1998 The Beginning, as Kings of Tomorrow (not a K.O.T. album, includes various tracks produced or remixed by Rivera; the CD version is mixed)
2000 The Calling, as Sandy Rivera & Jose Burgos
2000 It's in the Lifestyle, as Kings of Tomorrow
2000 It's in the Lifestyle - Limited Edition, as Kings of Tomorrow
2001 Kings of Tomorrow Sessions - Mixed by Sandy Rivera
2002 It's in the Lifestyle - The Remixes, as Kings of Tomorrow
2005 Trouble, as Kings of Tomorrow
Singles
Sandy Rivera
1996 The King Size EP
1997 "Come On", with Jon Cutler and Mike Delgado
1997 "Expansions '97/Head Hunters"
1998 "Come Into My Room", with Littleton Brown
2001 "Class Is in Session"
2001 "Forever", with John "DNR" Alvarez and Shawnee Taylor
2002 "Changes", with HAZE
2002 "I Can't Stop", with Littleton Brown
2005 "Hope", with Elzi Hall
2005 "Just Won't Do", with Robert Owens
2007 "Freak", with HAZE
2009 "Deeper", with HAZE
2009 "Whatever", with Andy Daniell
2017 "Try a Little Tenderness"
Sandy Rivera & Jose Burgos
All are collaborations with Jose Burgos.
1997 "The Path"
1999 Expanded EP
2000 "12th Street Soul"
2000 "Keep It Coming"
2000 "I Wanna Dance with You", with Karen Workman
2000 "No Smoke"
2001 "Leaving Me"
2001 La Cultura EP
Kings of Tomorrow/K.O.T.
1993 D'Menace EP, with John "DNR" Alvarez
1993 Showcase EP, with George Rivera
1993 "Go Black Scatt", with George Rivera
1994 "Abstract Collage"
1994 Black Sinister Science EP, with Jay 'Sinister' Sealee and Stacey Alexander
1995 "I'm So Grateful", with Densaid
1996 "10 Minute High", with Jay 'Sinister' Sealee and Michelle Weeks
1996 "Fade II Black", with Jay 'Sinister' Sealee
1996 "Open Your Mind/K.O.T. Anthem", with Jay 'Sinister' Sealee
1997 "Set My Spirit Free", with Dawn Tallman
1997 "Ancestors", with Jay 'Sinister' Sealee
1997 Witness Protection EP
1997 "The Session"
1997 "Organic Warfare", with Jay 'Sinister' Sealee
1998 "I Want You (For Myself)", with Jay 'Sinister' Sealee and Julie McKnight
1998 "Let It Go", with Dawn Tallman
1998 The Blackwiz EP
1998 The K.O.T. Invasion EP, with Jay 'Sinister' Sealee
1999 "My Love Is Real", with Jay 'Sinister' Sealee
2000 Going Back to Blackwiz EP, with Jose Burgos and Jay 'Sinister' Sealee
2000 "In the Night", with Littleton Brown
2000 "Finally", with Jay 'Sinister' Sealee and Julie McKnight
2000 "Tear It Up", with Jay 'Sinister' Sealee and Julie McKnight
2001 "Class Is in Session"
2002 "Young Hearts", with Treasa Fennie
2003 "Dreams/Thru", with HAZE and George Rivera
2004 "Dreams", with HAZE
2004 "So Alive"
2005 "Another Day", with Leedia Urtega
2005 "Thru", with HAZE
2005 "6PM", with Nina Lares
2008 "Can't Stop", with Rae
2011 "Take Me Back", with April
2011 "I Need to Love Me", with April
2012 "Show Me", with Elzi Hall
2013 "Fall for You" with April
2016 "Kaoz"
2016 "Closer" with Alex Mills
2016 "Please" with Random Soul
2018 "Faded" with Kandace Springs
Soul Vision
All are collaborations with Jose Burgos.
1998 "Don't Stop", with Littleton Brown
1999 "Low Down", with Jaquito May Perkins
2000 "Don't Hold Back", with Dihann Moore
2000 "Tracey in My Room", as EBTG vs. Soul Vision (official mash-up produced by Ben Watt)
2001 "You've Been on My Mind", with D'Layna
Mysterious People
All are collaborations with Jay 'Sinister' Sealee.
1996 "Love Revolution"
1997 The Rude Movements EP
1998 "Fly Away"
D'Menace
1997 "Spirit in My Soul"
1997 "Ya-Yahoo!"
1998 "Deep Menace (Spank)"
Other aliases
1992 "Right Now/Break the Ice", as Awesome Foursome, with George Rivera, Wilson X. Yepez and Víctor "Overdose" Sánchez
1994 "The K.O.T. Theory of Rhythmic Seduction", as Kidz of Tomorrow, with Jose Burgos
1995 "The Blackwiz", as Ancestors, with Treasa Fennie
2000 "Free Call", as Delicious Inc meets Sandy Rivera, with Jamie Lewis and Littleton Brown
2000 "Scream & Shout", as The Committee, with Jose Burgos, Jay 'Sinister' Sealee and Kim Armstrong
2001 "Life", as Auréi
2001 "Let the Reign Begin", as Organized Noize, with John "DNR" Alvarez
2001 "I am the Drum", as Organized Noize, with Chris "Ludikris" Conway
2002 Keep Flowing EP, as Sanjose, with Jose Burgos
2003 "Moodbangers", as Moodbangers
2004 "Midnight Express", as Moodbangers, with John Alvarez
(Co-)productions for other artists
1993 Trique-Dik-Slik - "Euphoria (Mary Jane Too)", with Jay 'Sinister' Sealée and Eric Priest
1995 Michelle Wilson- "Lifted Higher"
1995 Sabrynaah Pope - "Shelter"
1995 Big O - "Shmoov wit da Ruffness"
1996 Sean Grant - "I Hear My Calling", with Jay 'Sinister' Sealée
1996 Sean Grant - "Keep On Pressing", with Jay 'Sinister' Sealée
1997 Gisele Jackson - "Happy Feelings"
1997 Julie McKnight - "Rock Steady", Jay 'Sinister' Sealée
1997 Big Foot - "Black Lagoons"
2003 GR-69 - "Trouble"
2007 DADA - "Lollipop", with Trix - #18 UK
2014 Ivy Queen - "Cuando Las Mujeres" (Remix)
References
External links
Official website
Sandy Rivera fan page
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
People from East Harlem
Club DJs
DJs from New York City
Remixers
American DJs
American dance musicians
American house musicians
Electronic dance music DJs | [
"Sandy Rivera is an American house music DJ, record producer and label owner.",
"Born in New York City, he is now based in New Jersey.",
"Biography\nRivera, born January 18th 1971 and started his career at age 13 as a DJ in his native Spanish Harlem.",
"He began producing house music in 1992, specializing in a more soulful sound.",
"He has worked under a variety of pseudonyms, including Kings of Tomorrow, Soul Vision and Mysterious People, either alone or with partners Jose Burgos, HAZE and Jay 'Sinister' Sealee (Rivera parted ways with Sealee in 2002).",
"He is the owner of labels BlackWiz (founded 1993) and Deep Vision Records (founded 1995).",
"Rivera's best known track is \"Finally\", released in 2000 as Kings of Tomorrow on Distance Records, with vocals by Julie McKnight, which peaked at number 24 in the UK Singles Chart and at number 17 on the Billboard dance chart, and appeared in a large number of compilations from labels such as Defected Records, Ministry of Sound, Hed Kandi, and Warner Music.",
"The track is included in K.O.T.",
"'s first album It's in the Lifestyle.",
"The same album also yielded the track \"Young Hearts\".",
"The vocal version of \"Finally\" was also used as a part of a remixed single by the British act Layo & Bushwacka for their 2003 single \"Love Story (vs.",
"Finally)\".",
"The second K.O.T.",
"album was released in 2005, titled Trouble.",
"Rivera claims this is his first album produced without recourse to samples, and marks the official separation between this and other aliases: Kings of Tomorrow is used for more radio-friendly tracks, while his real name will be used for club-friendly tracks.",
"As a producer and remixer, Sandy Rivera has worked for a variety of other artists, including veteran jazz musician Terry Callier, Gisele Jackson, Bini & Martini, Michelle Weeks, Ladysmith Black Mambazo and Walter L. Robinson.",
"Discography\n\nAlbums\n1998 The Beginning, as Kings of Tomorrow (not a K.O.T.",
"album, includes various tracks produced or remixed by Rivera; the CD version is mixed)\n2000 The Calling, as Sandy Rivera & Jose Burgos\n2000 It's in the Lifestyle, as Kings of Tomorrow\n2000 It's in the Lifestyle - Limited Edition, as Kings of Tomorrow\n2001 Kings of Tomorrow Sessions - Mixed by Sandy Rivera\n2002 It's in the Lifestyle - The Remixes, as Kings of Tomorrow\n2005 Trouble, as Kings of Tomorrow\n\nSingles\nSandy Rivera\n1996 The King Size EP\n1997 \"Come On\", with Jon Cutler and Mike Delgado\n1997 \"Expansions '97/Head Hunters\"\n1998 \"Come Into My Room\", with Littleton Brown\n2001 \"Class Is in Session\"\n2001 \"Forever\", with John \"DNR\" Alvarez and Shawnee Taylor\n2002 \"Changes\", with HAZE\n2002 \"I Can't Stop\", with Littleton Brown\n2005 \"Hope\", with Elzi Hall\n2005 \"Just Won't Do\", with Robert Owens\n2007 \"Freak\", with HAZE\n2009 \"Deeper\", with HAZE\n2009 \"Whatever\", with Andy Daniell\n2017 \"Try a Little Tenderness\"\n\nSandy Rivera & Jose Burgos\nAll are collaborations with Jose Burgos.",
"1997 \"The Path\"\n1999 Expanded EP\n2000 \"12th Street Soul\"\n2000 \"Keep It Coming\"\n2000 \"I Wanna Dance with You\", with Karen Workman\n2000 \"No Smoke\"\n2001 \"Leaving Me\"\n2001 La Cultura EP\n\nKings of Tomorrow/K.O.T.",
"1993 D'Menace EP, with John \"DNR\" Alvarez\n1993 Showcase EP, with George Rivera\n1993 \"Go Black Scatt\", with George Rivera\n1994 \"Abstract Collage\"\n1994 Black Sinister Science EP, with Jay 'Sinister' Sealee and Stacey Alexander\n1995 \"I'm So Grateful\", with Densaid\n1996 \"10 Minute High\", with Jay 'Sinister' Sealee and Michelle Weeks\n1996 \"Fade II Black\", with Jay 'Sinister' Sealee\n1996 \"Open Your Mind/K.O.T.",
"Anthem\", with Jay 'Sinister' Sealee\n1997 \"Set My Spirit Free\", with Dawn Tallman\n1997 \"Ancestors\", with Jay 'Sinister' Sealee\n1997 Witness Protection EP\n1997 \"The Session\"\n1997 \"Organic Warfare\", with Jay 'Sinister' Sealee\n1998 \"I Want You (For Myself)\", with Jay 'Sinister' Sealee and Julie McKnight\n1998 \"Let It Go\", with Dawn Tallman\n1998 The Blackwiz EP\n1998 The K.O.T.",
"Invasion EP, with Jay 'Sinister' Sealee\n1999 \"My Love Is Real\", with Jay 'Sinister' Sealee\n2000 Going Back to Blackwiz EP, with Jose Burgos and Jay 'Sinister' Sealee\n2000 \"In the Night\", with Littleton Brown\n2000 \"Finally\", with Jay 'Sinister' Sealee and Julie McKnight\n2000 \"Tear It Up\", with Jay 'Sinister' Sealee and Julie McKnight\n2001 \"Class Is in Session\"\n2002 \"Young Hearts\", with Treasa Fennie\n2003 \"Dreams/Thru\", with HAZE and George Rivera\n2004 \"Dreams\", with HAZE\n2004 \"So Alive\"\n2005 \"Another Day\", with Leedia Urtega\n2005 \"Thru\", with HAZE\n2005 \"6PM\", with Nina Lares\n2008 \"Can't Stop\", with Rae\n2011 \"Take Me Back\", with April\n2011 \"I Need to Love Me\", with April\n2012 \"Show Me\", with Elzi Hall\n2013 \"Fall for You\" with April\n2016 \"Kaoz\"\n2016 \"Closer\" with Alex Mills\n2016 \"Please\" with Random Soul\n2018 \"Faded\" with Kandace Springs\n\nSoul Vision\nAll are collaborations with Jose Burgos.",
"1998 \"Don't Stop\", with Littleton Brown\n1999 \"Low Down\", with Jaquito May Perkins\n2000 \"Don't Hold Back\", with Dihann Moore\n2000 \"Tracey in My Room\", as EBTG vs.",
"Soul Vision (official mash-up produced by Ben Watt)\n2001 \"You've Been on My Mind\", with D'Layna\n\nMysterious People\n All are collaborations with Jay 'Sinister' Sealee.",
"1996 \"Love Revolution\"\n1997 The Rude Movements EP\n1998 \"Fly Away\"\n\nD'Menace\n1997 \"Spirit in My Soul\"\n1997 \"Ya-Yahoo!\"",
"1998 \"Deep Menace (Spank)\"\n\nOther aliases\n1992 \"Right Now/Break the Ice\", as Awesome Foursome, with George Rivera, Wilson X. Yepez and Víctor \"Overdose\" Sánchez\n1994 \"The K.O.T."
] | [
"Sandy Rivera is a DJ, record producer and label owner.",
"He was born in New York City and now lives in New Jersey.",
"Rivera began his career as a DJ at the age of 13 in his native Spanish Harlem.",
"He started producing house music in 1992.",
"He has worked under a number of different names, including Kings of Tomorrow, Mysterious People, HAZE, and Jay 'Sinister' Sealee.",
"BlackWiz and Deep Vision Records are owned by him.",
"Rivera's best known track is \"Finally\", released in 2000 as Kings of Tomorrow on Distance Records, with vocals by Julie McKnight, which peaked at number 24 in the UK Singles Chart and 17 in the US dance chart, and appeared in a large number of compilations from labels.",
"There is a track in K.O.T.",
"It's in the lifestyle is his first album.",
"\"Young Hearts\" was on the same album.",
"Layo & Bushwacka used the vocal version of \"Finally\" in their 2003 single \"Love Story\".",
"Finally.",
"The second K.O.T.",
"Trouble was released in 2005.",
"His real name will be used for club-friendly tracks, while Kings of Tomorrow is used for more radio-friendly tracks, as Rivera claims this is his first album produced without recourse to samples.",
"Sandy Rivera has worked for many artists, including veteran jazz musician Terry Callier, Gisele Jackson, Bini & Martini, and Ladysmith Black Mambazo.",
"The Beginning is also known as Kings of Tomorrow.",
"It's in the Lifestyle, as Kings of Tomorrow, as The Calling, as Sandy Rivera, as Jose Burgos, as Kings of Tomorrow, as Kings of Tomorrow, as Kings of Tomorrow, as Kings of Tomorrow, as Kings of Tomorrow, as Kings of Tomorrow, as Kings of Tomorrow",
"\"The Path\", \"12th Street Soul\", \"Keep It Coming\", \"I Wanna Dance with You\", and \"No Smoke\" were included.",
"\"Go Black Scatt\" with George Rivera and \"Black Sinister Science\" with Jay \"Sinister\" Sealee.",
"Anthem, with Jay 'Sinister' Sealee, \"Ancestors\", with Dawn Tallman, and \"The Session\", with Jay 'Sinister'.",
"Invasion, with Jay 'Sinister' Sealee 1999 \"My Love Is Real\", with Jay 'Sinister' Sealee 2000 Going Back to Blackwiz, with Jose Burgos and Jay 'Sinister' Sealee 2000 \"In the Night\"",
"\"Don't Hold Back\" with Dihann Moore and \"Tracey in My Room\" with Jaquito May Perkins.",
"\"You've Been on My Mind\" is a collaboration between Jay \"Sinister\" Sealee and D'Layna Mysterious People.",
"\"Love Revolution\" was released in 1997 and \"Fly Away\" was released in 1998.",
"George Rivera, Wilson X. Yepez, and Vctor \"Overdose\" Snchez formed Awesome Foursome."
] | <mask> is an American house music DJ, record producer and label owner. Born in New York City, he is now based in New Jersey. <mask>, born January 18th 1971 and started his career at age 13 as a DJ in his native Spanish Harlem. He began producing house music in 1992, specializing in a more soulful sound. He has worked under a variety of pseudonyms, including Kings of Tomorrow, Soul Vision and Mysterious People, either alone or with partners Jose Burgos, HAZE and Jay 'Sinister' Sealee (<mask> parted ways with Sealee in 2002). He is the owner of labels BlackWiz (founded 1993) and Deep Vision Records (founded 1995). <mask>'s best known track is "Finally", released in 2000 as Kings of Tomorrow on Distance Records, with vocals by Julie McKnight, which peaked at number 24 in the UK Singles Chart and at number 17 on the Billboard dance chart, and appeared in a large number of compilations from labels such as Defected Records, Ministry of Sound, Hed Kandi, and Warner Music.The track is included in K.O.T. 's first album It's in the Lifestyle. The same album also yielded the track "Young Hearts". The vocal version of "Finally" was also used as a part of a remixed single by the British act Layo & Bushwacka for their 2003 single "Love Story (vs. Finally)". The second K.O.T. album was released in 2005, titled Trouble.<mask> claims this is his first album produced without recourse to samples, and marks the official separation between this and other aliases: Kings of Tomorrow is used for more radio-friendly tracks, while his real name will be used for club-friendly tracks. As a producer and remixer, <mask> has worked for a variety of other artists, including veteran jazz musician Terry Callier, Gisele Jackson, Bini & Martini, Michelle Weeks, Ladysmith Black Mambazo and Walter L. Robinson. Discography
Albums
1998 The Beginning, as Kings of Tomorrow (not a K.O.T. album, includes various tracks produced or remixed by <mask>; the CD version is mixed)
2000 The Calling, as <mask> & Jose Burgos
2000 It's in the Lifestyle, as Kings of Tomorrow
2000 It's in the Lifestyle - Limited Edition, as Kings of Tomorrow
2001 Kings of Tomorrow Sessions - Mixed by <mask>
2002 It's in the Lifestyle - The Remixes, as Kings of Tomorrow
2005 Trouble, as Kings of Tomorrow
Singles
<mask>
1996 The King Size EP
1997 "Come On", with Jon Cutler and Mike Delgado
1997 "Expansions '97/Head Hunters"
1998 "Come Into My Room", with Littleton Brown
2001 "Class Is in Session"
2001 "Forever", with John "DNR" Alvarez and Shawnee Taylor
2002 "Changes", with HAZE
2002 "I Can't Stop", with Littleton Brown
2005 "Hope", with Elzi Hall
2005 "Just Won't Do", with Robert Owens
2007 "Freak", with HAZE
2009 "Deeper", with HAZE
2009 "Whatever", with Andy Daniell
2017 "Try a Little Tenderness"
<mask> & Jose Burgos
All are collaborations with Jose Burgos. 1997 "The Path"
1999 Expanded EP
2000 "12th Street Soul"
2000 "Keep It Coming"
2000 "I Wanna Dance with You", with Karen Workman
2000 "No Smoke"
2001 "Leaving Me"
2001 La Cultura EP
Kings of Tomorrow/K.O.T. 1993 D'Menace EP, with John "DNR" Alvarez
1993 Showcase EP, with George Rivera
1993 "Go Black Scatt", with <mask>
1994 "Abstract Collage"
1994 Black Sinister Science EP, with Jay 'Sinister' Sealee and Stacey Alexander
1995 "I'm So Grateful", with Densaid
1996 "10 Minute High", with Jay 'Sinister' Sealee and Michelle Weeks
1996 "Fade II Black", with Jay 'Sinister' Sealee
1996 "Open Your Mind/K.O.T. Anthem", with Jay 'Sinister' Sealee
1997 "Set My Spirit Free", with Dawn Tallman
1997 "Ancestors", with Jay 'Sinister' Sealee
1997 Witness Protection EP
1997 "The Session"
1997 "Organic Warfare", with Jay 'Sinister' Sealee
1998 "I Want You (For Myself)", with Jay 'Sinister' Sealee and Julie McKnight
1998 "Let It Go", with Dawn Tallman
1998 The Blackwiz EP
1998 The K.O.T.Invasion EP, with Jay 'Sinister' Sealee
1999 "My Love Is Real", with Jay 'Sinister' Sealee
2000 Going Back to Blackwiz EP, with Jose Burgos and Jay 'Sinister' Sealee
2000 "In the Night", with Littleton Brown
2000 "Finally", with Jay 'Sinister' Sealee and Julie McKnight
2000 "Tear It Up", with Jay 'Sinister' Sealee and Julie McKnight
2001 "Class Is in Session"
2002 "Young Hearts", with Treasa Fennie
2003 "Dreams/Thru", with HAZE and <mask>
2004 "Dreams", with HAZE
2004 "So Alive"
2005 "Another Day", with Leedia Urtega
2005 "Thru", with HAZE
2005 "6PM", with Nina Lares
2008 "Can't Stop", with Rae
2011 "Take Me Back", with April
2011 "I Need to Love Me", with April
2012 "Show Me", with Elzi Hall
2013 "Fall for You" with April
2016 "Kaoz"
2016 "Closer" with Alex Mills
2016 "Please" with Random Soul
2018 "Faded" with Kandace Springs
Soul Vision
All are collaborations with Jose Burgos. 1998 "Don't Stop", with Littleton Brown
1999 "Low Down", with Jaquito May Perkins
2000 "Don't Hold Back", with Dihann Moore
2000 "Tracey in My Room", as EBTG vs. Soul Vision (official mash-up produced by Ben Watt)
2001 "You've Been on My Mind", with D'Layna
Mysterious People
All are collaborations with Jay 'Sinister' Sealee. 1996 "Love Revolution"
1997 The Rude Movements EP
1998 "Fly Away"
D'Menace
1997 "Spirit in My Soul"
1997 "Ya-Yahoo!" 1998 "Deep Menace (Spank)"
Other aliases
1992 "Right Now/Break the Ice", as Awesome Foursome, with George <mask>, Wilson X. Yepez and Víctor "Overdose" Sánchez
1994 "The K.O.T. | [
"Sandy Rivera",
"Biography Rivera",
"Rivera",
"Rivera",
"Rivera",
"Sandy Rivera",
"Rivera",
"Sandy Rivera",
"Sandy Rivera",
"Sandy Rivera",
"Sandy Rivera",
"George Rivera",
"George Rivera",
"Rivera"
] | <mask> is a DJ, record producer and label owner. He was born in New York City and now lives in New Jersey. <mask> began his career as a DJ at the age of 13 in his native Spanish Harlem. He started producing house music in 1992. He has worked under a number of different names, including Kings of Tomorrow, Mysterious People, HAZE, and Jay 'Sinister' Sealee. BlackWiz and Deep Vision Records are owned by him. <mask>'s best known track is "Finally", released in 2000 as Kings of Tomorrow on Distance Records, with vocals by Julie McKnight, which peaked at number 24 in the UK Singles Chart and 17 in the US dance chart, and appeared in a large number of compilations from labels.There is a track in K.O.T. It's in the lifestyle is his first album. "Young Hearts" was on the same album. Layo & Bushwacka used the vocal version of "Finally" in their 2003 single "Love Story". Finally. The second K.O.T. Trouble was released in 2005.His real name will be used for club-friendly tracks, while Kings of Tomorrow is used for more radio-friendly tracks, as <mask> claims this is his first album produced without recourse to samples. <mask> has worked for many artists, including veteran jazz musician Terry Callier, Gisele Jackson, Bini & Martini, and Ladysmith Black Mambazo. The Beginning is also known as Kings of Tomorrow. It's in the Lifestyle, as Kings of Tomorrow, as The Calling, as <mask>, as Jose Burgos, as Kings of Tomorrow, as Kings of Tomorrow, as Kings of Tomorrow, as Kings of Tomorrow, as Kings of Tomorrow, as Kings of Tomorrow, as Kings of Tomorrow "The Path", "12th Street Soul", "Keep It Coming", "I Wanna Dance with You", and "No Smoke" were included. "Go Black Scatt" with <mask> and "Black Sinister Science" with Jay "Sinister" Sealee. Anthem, with Jay 'Sinister' Sealee, "Ancestors", with Dawn Tallman, and "The Session", with Jay 'Sinister'.Invasion, with Jay 'Sinister' Sealee 1999 "My Love Is Real", with Jay 'Sinister' Sealee 2000 Going Back to Blackwiz, with Jose Burgos and Jay 'Sinister' Sealee 2000 "In the Night" "Don't Hold Back" with Dihann Moore and "Tracey in My Room" with Jaquito May Perkins. "You've Been on My Mind" is a collaboration between Jay "Sinister" Sealee and D'Layna Mysterious People. "Love Revolution" was released in 1997 and "Fly Away" was released in 1998. <mask>, Wilson X. Yepez, and Vctor "Overdose" Snchez formed Awesome Foursome. | [
"Sandy Rivera",
"Rivera",
"Rivera",
"Rivera",
"Sandy Rivera",
"Sandy Rivera",
"George Rivera",
"George Rivera"
] |
38481356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillermo%20Lasso | Guillermo Lasso | Guillermo Alberto Santiago Lasso Mendoza (; born 16 November 1955) is an Ecuadorian businessman, banker, writer and politician who has served as the 47th president of Ecuador since 24 May 2021. He is the country's first centre-right president in nearly two decades, marking a noted shift in the country's electorate.
Lasso served as Superminister of Economy during the Jamil Mahuad presidency briefly in 1999. He previously served as Governor of Guayas from 1998 until 1999. In 2003, he briefly served as the Itinerant Ambassador of Ecuador during the Lucio Gutiérrez administration. Aside from his political career, Lasso is also a banker and previously served as CEO of Banco Guayaquil. During the presidency of Rafael Correa, Lasso became a noted critic of his administration.
Lasso became involved in presidential politics when he founded the Creating Opportunities Party in 2012. He first ran for president in 2013; Lasso came in a distant second place behind President Correa, who won by a landslide. He would later run again in the 2017 election, where he advanced to the run-off running against former Vice President Lenin Moreno and narrowly lost the election winning 48.84% of the vote against Moreno's 51.16%. In his third presidential campaign in 2021, Lasso narrowly advanced to the April run-off round of the election in February and later was elected in April.
A liberal, his public agenda includes classical liberal points such as the defence of the division of powers to limit government and of fundamental rights. He has also expressed opinions in favour of tax cuts and is a free-market advocate. His presidency has been noted for his high approval rating, COVID-19 vaccination initiatives and economic relief packages through tax increases on the wealthy and funding with the International Monetary Fund.
Early life
Lasso was born in Guayaquil to a middle-class family in the Orellana neighborhood. His parents were Enrique Lasso Alvarado and Nora Mendoza. Lasso has ten siblings and his family lived with financial hardships. At age 15, Lasso would work to earn sufficient money to pay for his baccalaureate service at Colegio La Salle High School. After graduating from high school, he entered the Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador in Quito to study economics but left without a degree.
In 1970, Lasso began working part-time at the Guayaquil Stock Exchange and later worked as a collection agency assistant at Casa Möeller Martínez. In 1972, he started working at the financial company Cofiec and then at Finansa in Quito. His first company was Constructora Alfa y Omega, founded with his older brother Enrique Lasso in 1978, when he was 23 years old.
In 1977, Lasso met María de Lourdes Alcívar, whom he would marry in 1980. They have five children: María de Lourdes, Juan, Guillermo Enrique, Santiago and María de las Mercedes.
Business career
During the 1990s, Lasso was named the head of operations in Ecuador for Coca-Cola, following the local bankruptcy of the company in that region. In this role, Lasso was tasked with restructuring the company and bringing it back to financial health. He has since sat on the boards of directors for both Coca-Cola and Mavesa, and also served as Chairman of the board of directors of the Guayas Transit Commission as well as being a member of the Board of Directors of the Andean Development Corporation.
In 1994 Lasso became the CEO of Banco Guayaquil. As a part of his tenure, he founded the Bancos del Barrio program, a community banking initiative that brought in local shopkeepers as economic partners with the bank in planning and strategy. The program was cited by the Inter-American Development Bank as an advancement in grassroots banking penetration strategy. He resigned from his post as Executive President in 2012. Lasso is also the founder of the Fundacion del Barrio.
In March 2020, Lasso created the humanitarian initiative Saving Lives which was an initiative against the COVID-19 pandemic and raised 8 million dollars to help purchase medical supplies and equipment to the Ecuadorian Health System.
Political career
In 1998, Lasso was appointed as the Governor of Guayas, during which the national government underwent mass privatization of public companies and industries.
Ecuador went through an economic collapse in 1999, following which, Lasso was temporarily appointed to the newly created position of Superminister of the Economy, replacing the resigning Ana Lucía Armijos. As finance minister, he served under President Jamil Mahuad and took over negotiations with the International Monetary Fund for economic support. He was also tasked with coordinating government policy in response to the country's economic crisis.
In January 2003, President Lucio Gutiérrez named Lasso as the Ecuadorian Itinerant Ambassador, a position recently established. He would serve in this position until it was disestablished a few months later in April of that year. In anticipation of his first presidential campaign, Lasso founded the center-right party Creating Opportunities which outlined many policies against the Rafael Correa administration.
Early presidential campaigns
In the 2013 general election, he was the presidential candidate for the party Creating Opportunities. He landed in second place with 22.68% of valid votes, losing to incumbent President Rafael Correa who received more than double that amount (57.17%). Lasso is, through a trust named with his initials, GLM, the largest shareholder in Banco de Guayaquil, where he has been executive president for more than 20 years.
In early 2017, Lasso launched his second presidential campaign to succeed incumbent President Correa for the conservative Creating Opportunities party in the 2017 presidential elections. His campaign's theme was one of "change" and he pledged to create one million more jobs in Ecuador. Lasso received 48.84% and lost to Lenín Moreno. Following the result, Lasso accused his opponents of electoral fraud and called the incoming administration "illegitimate".
In February 2017, Lasso told The Guardian that should he win the presidential election he would "cordially ask" Julian Assange, the WikiLeaks founder, to leave the Ecuadorian Embassy in London within 30 days.
2021 general election
Lasso ran as a candidate again in the 2021 general election. He named neurosurgeon Alfredo Borrero as his running-mate in October 2020. In the first round, Lasso was slightly behind indigenous rights activist Yaku Pérez Guartambel but eventually garnered enough votes to secure a narrow second-place finish.
Following his first-round second place finish, Lasso faced socialist and Rafael Correa ally Andrés Arauz. Arauz was considered to be the front-runner for the presidency and the "handpicked candidate" of former President Correa. In polling before the run-off, Arauz was leading Lasso with one indicating a 82% certainty of Arauz defeating Lasso. Lasso would defeat Arauz on 11 April in the run-off election, with many news outlets noting the conservative shift among the Ecuadorian electorate. Lasso won 52.4% of the vote, while Arauz won 47.6% of the vote. His victory was also seen as a win for free-market advocates in the country. Some news outlets described Lasso's win as an upset victory.
After his victory, President of Uruguay Luis Lacalle Pou became the first national leader to congratulate Lasso and wished that both Uruguay and Ecuador will "work together" upon his inauguration. President Sebastián Piñera, President Iván Duque Márquez and President Mario Abdo Benítez also congratulated Lasso. Both former President Mauricio Macri and President Felipe Calderón believed Lasso's victory would be beneficial to Ecuador and Latin America. In a statement released by the White House, President Joe Biden congratulated Lasso and Ecuadorian voters for "demonstrating the power of peaceful and inclusive political participation and upholding the ideals of democracy".
Presidency (2021–present)
Transition
After his election victory, bonds for Ecuador soared with many believing that under the Lasso administration, the country will uphold the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Lasso vowed to uphold a $6.5 billion financing agreement with the IMF and to keep payments on Ecuador's overseas bonds. Lasso also noted that his administration would focus on working with the United States, Chile, Brazil and Colombia while distancing from Cuba and Venezuela.
Addressing the Venezuelan presidential crisis, Lasso invited disputed President Juan Guaidó to his inauguration instead of President Nicolás Maduro. Lasso also announced that he will seek to regularize the situation of over 400,000 Venezuelan migrants living in Ecuador. While discussing the migration issue with Colombian President Iván Duque Marquez, Lasso said a possible option would be to grant Venezuelan migrants temporary protected status.
On 15 April, Lasso announced that on his first day in office, he will send a tax cut proposal to the National Assembly in which he will eliminate the 2% sales tax on micro-enterprises and the tax on foreign currency outflows. Lasso will try to lower the value-added tax within the economic incentive plan.
On 20 April, Lasso met with President Lenin Moreno to begin the transitional activities from the previous administration at the Carondelet Palace in Quito. Moreno vowed a transition of a "timely, transparent, truthful and technical manner". Lasso issued that his main priorities after being inaugurated would be to increase the COVID-19 vaccination rates in the country, vowing to vaccinate 9 million people within his first 100 days in office. He had talked to Chilean President Sebastian Piñera about obtaining loans to purchase vaccines with the support of the Inter-American Development Bank. Lassos said he aim for bilateral talks with Russia, China, the United States, the European Union and Chile to try to acquire vaccines.
On 27 April, Lasso named the first members of his cabinet, with women public servants dominating several political positions. He vowed that he would nominate as many women in his cabinet as "women must be in decision-making positions".
On 14 May, the Social Christian Party (PSC) announced that they would no longer support Lasso or his government for not "respecting" a legislative agreement with the Union for Hope Party (UNES) in the National Assembly. The PSC said that they felt that Lasso's government would "[leave out] the 47.5% of the Ecuadorians who voted for UNES or its 49 legislators". The Union for Hope Party is the opposition party during Lasso's administration. Five days later, he received credentials as Constitutional President of Ecuador in anticipation to his inauguration.
Tenure
2021
Lasso was inaugurated as the 47th president of Ecuador on 24 May 2021 at Carondelet Palace in Quito. Attendees of his inauguration include: Dominican President Luis Abinader, Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro, U.S. Ambassador Michael J. Fitzpatrick, King Felipe VI of Spain, Haitian President Jovenel Moïse, Paraguayan Vice President Hugo Velázquez Moreno, Uruguayn Foreign Minister Francisco Bustillo, Spanish Opposition Leader, former Spanish Prime Minister José María Aznar, and former Colombian President Andrés Pastrana Arango. Lasso became the country's first center-right president since Sixto Durán Ballén, who served from 1992 to 1996.
Lasso vowed that in his first days in office, he would increase COVID vaccination numbers and promote oil production, mining and privatizations in the country. One of his first actions in office included expanding the Ministry of Sports and eliminating the debts of citizens who owed $1,000. He also named Vice President Alfredo Borrero as in charge of overhauling the country's healthcare system and COVID response.
In June 2021, Lasso announced that Ecuador would launch a 100-day vaccine plan where he aimed to vaccinate 9 million people and to revive the economy. He announced that he would hold talks with Russia to purchase 18 million doses of the Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine. He also said that the country had acquired over a million doses of the Pfizer–BioNTech and Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine. Lasso urged the United Nations to ramp up vaccine rollouts in the country through their COVAX programme. In August 2021, while announcing the approval of a third shot for people with weakened immune systems, the Lasso administration announced that 4.8 million people received two doses of the vaccine with almost 10 million receiving one dose.
His administration is seen as a stark contrast towards other right-leaning governments in other South American countries. Despite his high approval rating, his political party has little to no impact on the National Assembly. His proposals to privatize state resources in the oil sector, expand mining and labor reform have received negative approval from the assembly. In August 2021, Lasso visited Mexican President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador to discuss trade deals and for Ecuador to be admitted into the Pacific Alliance. That same month, he helped finalize an agreement that allows citizens of Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, and Peru to seek employment and live in any of the four countries without needing a special sponsorship.
In September 2021, Lasso announced an economic package where he proposed a tax increase for the country's wealthiest citizens. His plan would tax individuals who make more than $25,000 a year or about 3.5% of the country's working population. While addressing the United Nations General Assembly that same month, he announced that he was in talks with Russia about establishing a Sputnik V vaccine lab in Ecuador. He had also reached a $1.5 billion deal with the International Monetary Fund.
In September 2021, a massive protest was held in Quito against the Lasso administration with over 3,000 people in attendance. When a prison riot killed over 118 inmates at a prison in Guayaquil on 28 September, Lasso declared a state of emergency.
In October 2021, Lasso was named in the Pandora Papers leak where the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) found that Lasso created an "offshore" framework to hide his actual net worth. In response to the leak, Lasso vowed to cooperate with the ICIJ and said that he had legally dissolved any assets or offshore accounts prior to the leak and that he has no association with any possible active accounts. Following the leak, an investigation by the country's Attorney General was launched against Lasso over potential tax fraud.
In October, 2021, communities from Ecuador's Amazon region sued over plans by President Guillermo Lasso to expand fossil fuel extraction and mining that they claimed threatens millions of acres of pristine rainforest and the survival of native peoples. The proposed expansion of extraction activities targets remote areas of the rainforest, habitat for what are claimed to be some of the highest levels of biodiversity on the planet.
On 19 October 2021, Lasso ordered a state of national emergency in Ecuador over the rise in drug-related violence in the country. This was also caused by the deadly Guayaquil prison riot that occurred weeks earlier. While ordering the mobilization of police forces, Lasso said that "armed forces and police will be felt with force in the streets because we are decreeing a state of emergency throughout the national territory". The 60-day state of emergency order would focus on cracking down of corrupt officials and drug trafficking.
In December 2021, a motion to impeach Lasso over his involvement in the Pandora Papers was rejected by the National Assembly with 51 legislators in favor of the motion and 77 others against. A week later, Lasso announced the creation of a commission to investigate and end the rise in deadly prison riots and violence in the country.
Approval ratings
Lasso began his presidency with an approval rating of 71%, according to a CEDATOS survey in June 2021. In August 2021, a survey by Foreign Policy found his approval rating at a 73%. Foreign Policy noted his high approval rating was mainly due to his administration's response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The same poll found that 78% of Ecuadorians approved of his way of governing. In September 2021, Lasso was reported to have a 75% approval rating by Bloomberg News.
Political positions
Lasso said that "life has made [him] liberal". However, when asked if he identified with that term, he replied that he does not place himself on any ideological ground, but believes in "good ideas". He responded in the same way when asked if he was from the right or the left. His public agenda includes classic liberal points such as the defense of the division of powers to limit government and of fundamental rights such as freedom of the press.
He has also expressed himself in favour of reducing taxes, state debt, and increasing the minimum wage with the announced aim of increasing productivity and employment in the private sector. On the tax on capital outflows, he thinks that it is a tax on capital income, and he has committed himself to eliminating at least nine taxes if he is elected president. Lasso also was accused of supporting reducing the minimum wage from $400 per month in 2020 to $120 per month; however, that was a statement taken out of context from an interview he gave in March 2020 in the middle of the pandemic, while suggesting letting businesses recruit unemployed poor single mothers so they could at least get some income.
Lasso has declared himself an admirer of José María Aznar's Silent Revolution, a series of reforms implemented by the former Prime Minister of Spain. On foreign trade, he has said that he favours a greater opening of trade with Ecuador's major partners, the United States and the European Union so that national producers have greater export opportunities.
Lasso was a supernumerary of Opus Dei. On abortion, he has said in general terms that he "believes in life from conception and that is a principle I will not change". In April 2021, when the Supreme Court ruled in favor of abortions in rape cases, Lasso said that he had "full respect" of the ruling and vowed to respect the separate political branches.
On other issues such as marriage between people of the same sex, he has said that he is in favour of allowing civil union but differentiating it from conventional marriage. On immigration, he has proposed controls for those with criminal records, but to facilitate the entry of foreigners for tourism, investment, or humanitarian reasons. On the decriminalisation of drugs, he maintains that a national debate is necessary to propose alternatives in the face of the failure of the war on drugs; on issues of environmental conservation, he states that he will keep the Yasuní Amazon reserve free of oil exploitation.
He also declares himself an enemy of the 21st-century socialism promoted from Venezuela and Cuba, whose Ecuadorian chapter identifies with the Citizens' Revolution led by Rafael Correa. Lasso has called ALBA a "third world empire". In response to his criticism of the Ecuadorian government's anti-capitalist discourse and measures, President Correa and other officials and members of Alianza PAIS have questioned Lasso by portraying him as a representative of the political forces that governed Ecuador before his party came to power in 2007, and pointing out that Lasso's tax proposals are irresponsible with the state budget. Also, President Rafael Correa claims Lasso had a hand in Ecuador's financial crisis of 1999.
Health
In 2018, Lasso underwent a surgical procedure on his spinal cord at the Cleveland Clinic in the United States following a back injury from a fall at a pilgrimage in Spain in 2013. The operation required him to use a forearm crutch since the operation. In June 2021, Lasso had a second spinal cord surgery in the United States to "regain regular leg mobility" in Miami, Florida.
Writing
In 2011, Lasso published the book Cartas a Mis Hijos, which translates to Letters to my Children, which contains lessons he developed from his time working in business and highlights recommendations for the economic development of Ecuador. Among his ideas, Lasso discusses the need for greater sovereignty over parts of the national economy. The book advocates for the Ecuadorian government to develop policies that create more economic opportunities for its citizens.
Soon after the release of Cartas a Mis Hijos, former Prime Minister of Spain José María Aznar stated the book held key insights into what is needed for development. During the book launch event, former Ecuadorian President Gustavo Noboa was present to show support for the project, along with other national politicians. Following its publications, Lasso performed policy speeches and used the plans in the book as a basis for a presidential political campaign.
In 2012, he then published the book Otro Ecuador Es Posible.
References
External links
Guillermo Lasso's personal page
Biography by CIDOB (in Spanish)
|-
|-
1955 births
Presidents of Ecuador
Ecuadorian Roman Catholics
Government ministers of Ecuador
Governors of Guayas Province
Living people
People from Guayaquil
Ecuadorian chief executives
Creating Opportunities politicians
People named in the Pandora Papers
21st-century Ecuadorian politicians | [
"Guillermo Alberto Santiago Lasso Mendoza (; born 16 November 1955) is an Ecuadorian businessman, banker, writer and politician who has served as the 47th president of Ecuador since 24 May 2021.",
"He is the country's first centre-right president in nearly two decades, marking a noted shift in the country's electorate.",
"Lasso served as Superminister of Economy during the Jamil Mahuad presidency briefly in 1999.",
"He previously served as Governor of Guayas from 1998 until 1999.",
"In 2003, he briefly served as the Itinerant Ambassador of Ecuador during the Lucio Gutiérrez administration.",
"Aside from his political career, Lasso is also a banker and previously served as CEO of Banco Guayaquil.",
"During the presidency of Rafael Correa, Lasso became a noted critic of his administration.",
"Lasso became involved in presidential politics when he founded the Creating Opportunities Party in 2012.",
"He first ran for president in 2013; Lasso came in a distant second place behind President Correa, who won by a landslide.",
"He would later run again in the 2017 election, where he advanced to the run-off running against former Vice President Lenin Moreno and narrowly lost the election winning 48.84% of the vote against Moreno's 51.16%.",
"In his third presidential campaign in 2021, Lasso narrowly advanced to the April run-off round of the election in February and later was elected in April.",
"A liberal, his public agenda includes classical liberal points such as the defence of the division of powers to limit government and of fundamental rights.",
"He has also expressed opinions in favour of tax cuts and is a free-market advocate.",
"His presidency has been noted for his high approval rating, COVID-19 vaccination initiatives and economic relief packages through tax increases on the wealthy and funding with the International Monetary Fund.",
"Early life\nLasso was born in Guayaquil to a middle-class family in the Orellana neighborhood.",
"His parents were Enrique Lasso Alvarado and Nora Mendoza.",
"Lasso has ten siblings and his family lived with financial hardships.",
"At age 15, Lasso would work to earn sufficient money to pay for his baccalaureate service at Colegio La Salle High School.",
"After graduating from high school, he entered the Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador in Quito to study economics but left without a degree.",
"In 1970, Lasso began working part-time at the Guayaquil Stock Exchange and later worked as a collection agency assistant at Casa Möeller Martínez.",
"In 1972, he started working at the financial company Cofiec and then at Finansa in Quito.",
"His first company was Constructora Alfa y Omega, founded with his older brother Enrique Lasso in 1978, when he was 23 years old.",
"In 1977, Lasso met María de Lourdes Alcívar, whom he would marry in 1980.",
"They have five children: María de Lourdes, Juan, Guillermo Enrique, Santiago and María de las Mercedes.",
"Business career\n\nDuring the 1990s, Lasso was named the head of operations in Ecuador for Coca-Cola, following the local bankruptcy of the company in that region.",
"In this role, Lasso was tasked with restructuring the company and bringing it back to financial health.",
"He has since sat on the boards of directors for both Coca-Cola and Mavesa, and also served as Chairman of the board of directors of the Guayas Transit Commission as well as being a member of the Board of Directors of the Andean Development Corporation.",
"In 1994 Lasso became the CEO of Banco Guayaquil.",
"As a part of his tenure, he founded the Bancos del Barrio program, a community banking initiative that brought in local shopkeepers as economic partners with the bank in planning and strategy.",
"The program was cited by the Inter-American Development Bank as an advancement in grassroots banking penetration strategy.",
"He resigned from his post as Executive President in 2012.",
"Lasso is also the founder of the Fundacion del Barrio.",
"In March 2020, Lasso created the humanitarian initiative Saving Lives which was an initiative against the COVID-19 pandemic and raised 8 million dollars to help purchase medical supplies and equipment to the Ecuadorian Health System.",
"Political career\n\nIn 1998, Lasso was appointed as the Governor of Guayas, during which the national government underwent mass privatization of public companies and industries.",
"Ecuador went through an economic collapse in 1999, following which, Lasso was temporarily appointed to the newly created position of Superminister of the Economy, replacing the resigning Ana Lucía Armijos.",
"As finance minister, he served under President Jamil Mahuad and took over negotiations with the International Monetary Fund for economic support.",
"He was also tasked with coordinating government policy in response to the country's economic crisis.",
"In January 2003, President Lucio Gutiérrez named Lasso as the Ecuadorian Itinerant Ambassador, a position recently established.",
"He would serve in this position until it was disestablished a few months later in April of that year.",
"In anticipation of his first presidential campaign, Lasso founded the center-right party Creating Opportunities which outlined many policies against the Rafael Correa administration.",
"Early presidential campaigns\n\nIn the 2013 general election, he was the presidential candidate for the party Creating Opportunities.",
"He landed in second place with 22.68% of valid votes, losing to incumbent President Rafael Correa who received more than double that amount (57.17%).",
"Lasso is, through a trust named with his initials, GLM, the largest shareholder in Banco de Guayaquil, where he has been executive president for more than 20 years.",
"In early 2017, Lasso launched his second presidential campaign to succeed incumbent President Correa for the conservative Creating Opportunities party in the 2017 presidential elections.",
"His campaign's theme was one of \"change\" and he pledged to create one million more jobs in Ecuador.",
"Lasso received 48.84% and lost to Lenín Moreno.",
"Following the result, Lasso accused his opponents of electoral fraud and called the incoming administration \"illegitimate\".",
"In February 2017, Lasso told The Guardian that should he win the presidential election he would \"cordially ask\" Julian Assange, the WikiLeaks founder, to leave the Ecuadorian Embassy in London within 30 days.",
"2021 general election\n\nLasso ran as a candidate again in the 2021 general election.",
"He named neurosurgeon Alfredo Borrero as his running-mate in October 2020.",
"In the first round, Lasso was slightly behind indigenous rights activist Yaku Pérez Guartambel but eventually garnered enough votes to secure a narrow second-place finish.",
"Following his first-round second place finish, Lasso faced socialist and Rafael Correa ally Andrés Arauz.",
"Arauz was considered to be the front-runner for the presidency and the \"handpicked candidate\" of former President Correa.",
"In polling before the run-off, Arauz was leading Lasso with one indicating a 82% certainty of Arauz defeating Lasso.",
"Lasso would defeat Arauz on 11 April in the run-off election, with many news outlets noting the conservative shift among the Ecuadorian electorate.",
"Lasso won 52.4% of the vote, while Arauz won 47.6% of the vote.",
"His victory was also seen as a win for free-market advocates in the country.",
"Some news outlets described Lasso's win as an upset victory.",
"After his victory, President of Uruguay Luis Lacalle Pou became the first national leader to congratulate Lasso and wished that both Uruguay and Ecuador will \"work together\" upon his inauguration.",
"President Sebastián Piñera, President Iván Duque Márquez and President Mario Abdo Benítez also congratulated Lasso.",
"Both former President Mauricio Macri and President Felipe Calderón believed Lasso's victory would be beneficial to Ecuador and Latin America.",
"In a statement released by the White House, President Joe Biden congratulated Lasso and Ecuadorian voters for \"demonstrating the power of peaceful and inclusive political participation and upholding the ideals of democracy\".",
"Presidency (2021–present)\n\nTransition\nAfter his election victory, bonds for Ecuador soared with many believing that under the Lasso administration, the country will uphold the International Monetary Fund (IMF).",
"Lasso vowed to uphold a $6.5 billion financing agreement with the IMF and to keep payments on Ecuador's overseas bonds.",
"Lasso also noted that his administration would focus on working with the United States, Chile, Brazil and Colombia while distancing from Cuba and Venezuela.",
"Addressing the Venezuelan presidential crisis, Lasso invited disputed President Juan Guaidó to his inauguration instead of President Nicolás Maduro.",
"Lasso also announced that he will seek to regularize the situation of over 400,000 Venezuelan migrants living in Ecuador.",
"While discussing the migration issue with Colombian President Iván Duque Marquez, Lasso said a possible option would be to grant Venezuelan migrants temporary protected status.",
"On 15 April, Lasso announced that on his first day in office, he will send a tax cut proposal to the National Assembly in which he will eliminate the 2% sales tax on micro-enterprises and the tax on foreign currency outflows.",
"Lasso will try to lower the value-added tax within the economic incentive plan.",
"On 20 April, Lasso met with President Lenin Moreno to begin the transitional activities from the previous administration at the Carondelet Palace in Quito.",
"Moreno vowed a transition of a \"timely, transparent, truthful and technical manner\".",
"Lasso issued that his main priorities after being inaugurated would be to increase the COVID-19 vaccination rates in the country, vowing to vaccinate 9 million people within his first 100 days in office.",
"He had talked to Chilean President Sebastian Piñera about obtaining loans to purchase vaccines with the support of the Inter-American Development Bank.",
"Lassos said he aim for bilateral talks with Russia, China, the United States, the European Union and Chile to try to acquire vaccines.",
"On 27 April, Lasso named the first members of his cabinet, with women public servants dominating several political positions.",
"He vowed that he would nominate as many women in his cabinet as \"women must be in decision-making positions\".",
"On 14 May, the Social Christian Party (PSC) announced that they would no longer support Lasso or his government for not \"respecting\" a legislative agreement with the Union for Hope Party (UNES) in the National Assembly.",
"The PSC said that they felt that Lasso's government would \"[leave out] the 47.5% of the Ecuadorians who voted for UNES or its 49 legislators\".",
"The Union for Hope Party is the opposition party during Lasso's administration.",
"Five days later, he received credentials as Constitutional President of Ecuador in anticipation to his inauguration.",
"Tenure\n\n2021\n\nLasso was inaugurated as the 47th president of Ecuador on 24 May 2021 at Carondelet Palace in Quito.",
"Attendees of his inauguration include: Dominican President Luis Abinader, Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro, U.S.",
"Ambassador Michael J. Fitzpatrick, King Felipe VI of Spain, Haitian President Jovenel Moïse, Paraguayan Vice President Hugo Velázquez Moreno, Uruguayn Foreign Minister Francisco Bustillo, Spanish Opposition Leader, former Spanish Prime Minister José María Aznar, and former Colombian President Andrés Pastrana Arango.",
"Lasso became the country's first center-right president since Sixto Durán Ballén, who served from 1992 to 1996.",
"Lasso vowed that in his first days in office, he would increase COVID vaccination numbers and promote oil production, mining and privatizations in the country.",
"One of his first actions in office included expanding the Ministry of Sports and eliminating the debts of citizens who owed $1,000.",
"He also named Vice President Alfredo Borrero as in charge of overhauling the country's healthcare system and COVID response.",
"In June 2021, Lasso announced that Ecuador would launch a 100-day vaccine plan where he aimed to vaccinate 9 million people and to revive the economy.",
"He announced that he would hold talks with Russia to purchase 18 million doses of the Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine.",
"He also said that the country had acquired over a million doses of the Pfizer–BioNTech and Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine.",
"Lasso urged the United Nations to ramp up vaccine rollouts in the country through their COVAX programme.",
"In August 2021, while announcing the approval of a third shot for people with weakened immune systems, the Lasso administration announced that 4.8 million people received two doses of the vaccine with almost 10 million receiving one dose.",
"His administration is seen as a stark contrast towards other right-leaning governments in other South American countries.",
"Despite his high approval rating, his political party has little to no impact on the National Assembly.",
"His proposals to privatize state resources in the oil sector, expand mining and labor reform have received negative approval from the assembly.",
"In August 2021, Lasso visited Mexican President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador to discuss trade deals and for Ecuador to be admitted into the Pacific Alliance.",
"That same month, he helped finalize an agreement that allows citizens of Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, and Peru to seek employment and live in any of the four countries without needing a special sponsorship.",
"In September 2021, Lasso announced an economic package where he proposed a tax increase for the country's wealthiest citizens.",
"His plan would tax individuals who make more than $25,000 a year or about 3.5% of the country's working population.",
"While addressing the United Nations General Assembly that same month, he announced that he was in talks with Russia about establishing a Sputnik V vaccine lab in Ecuador.",
"He had also reached a $1.5 billion deal with the International Monetary Fund.",
"In September 2021, a massive protest was held in Quito against the Lasso administration with over 3,000 people in attendance.",
"When a prison riot killed over 118 inmates at a prison in Guayaquil on 28 September, Lasso declared a state of emergency.",
"In October 2021, Lasso was named in the Pandora Papers leak where the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) found that Lasso created an \"offshore\" framework to hide his actual net worth.",
"In response to the leak, Lasso vowed to cooperate with the ICIJ and said that he had legally dissolved any assets or offshore accounts prior to the leak and that he has no association with any possible active accounts.",
"Following the leak, an investigation by the country's Attorney General was launched against Lasso over potential tax fraud.",
"In October, 2021, communities from Ecuador's Amazon region sued over plans by President Guillermo Lasso to expand fossil fuel extraction and mining that they claimed threatens millions of acres of pristine rainforest and the survival of native peoples.",
"The proposed expansion of extraction activities targets remote areas of the rainforest, habitat for what are claimed to be some of the highest levels of biodiversity on the planet.",
"On 19 October 2021, Lasso ordered a state of national emergency in Ecuador over the rise in drug-related violence in the country.",
"This was also caused by the deadly Guayaquil prison riot that occurred weeks earlier.",
"While ordering the mobilization of police forces, Lasso said that \"armed forces and police will be felt with force in the streets because we are decreeing a state of emergency throughout the national territory\".",
"The 60-day state of emergency order would focus on cracking down of corrupt officials and drug trafficking.",
"In December 2021, a motion to impeach Lasso over his involvement in the Pandora Papers was rejected by the National Assembly with 51 legislators in favor of the motion and 77 others against.",
"A week later, Lasso announced the creation of a commission to investigate and end the rise in deadly prison riots and violence in the country.",
"Approval ratings\nLasso began his presidency with an approval rating of 71%, according to a CEDATOS survey in June 2021.",
"In August 2021, a survey by Foreign Policy found his approval rating at a 73%.",
"Foreign Policy noted his high approval rating was mainly due to his administration's response to the COVID-19 pandemic.",
"The same poll found that 78% of Ecuadorians approved of his way of governing.",
"In September 2021, Lasso was reported to have a 75% approval rating by Bloomberg News.",
"Political positions\n\nLasso said that \"life has made [him] liberal\".",
"However, when asked if he identified with that term, he replied that he does not place himself on any ideological ground, but believes in \"good ideas\".",
"He responded in the same way when asked if he was from the right or the left.",
"His public agenda includes classic liberal points such as the defense of the division of powers to limit government and of fundamental rights such as freedom of the press.",
"He has also expressed himself in favour of reducing taxes, state debt, and increasing the minimum wage with the announced aim of increasing productivity and employment in the private sector.",
"On the tax on capital outflows, he thinks that it is a tax on capital income, and he has committed himself to eliminating at least nine taxes if he is elected president.",
"Lasso also was accused of supporting reducing the minimum wage from $400 per month in 2020 to $120 per month; however, that was a statement taken out of context from an interview he gave in March 2020 in the middle of the pandemic, while suggesting letting businesses recruit unemployed poor single mothers so they could at least get some income.",
"Lasso has declared himself an admirer of José María Aznar's Silent Revolution, a series of reforms implemented by the former Prime Minister of Spain.",
"On foreign trade, he has said that he favours a greater opening of trade with Ecuador's major partners, the United States and the European Union so that national producers have greater export opportunities.",
"Lasso was a supernumerary of Opus Dei.",
"On abortion, he has said in general terms that he \"believes in life from conception and that is a principle I will not change\".",
"In April 2021, when the Supreme Court ruled in favor of abortions in rape cases, Lasso said that he had \"full respect\" of the ruling and vowed to respect the separate political branches.",
"On other issues such as marriage between people of the same sex, he has said that he is in favour of allowing civil union but differentiating it from conventional marriage.",
"On immigration, he has proposed controls for those with criminal records, but to facilitate the entry of foreigners for tourism, investment, or humanitarian reasons.",
"On the decriminalisation of drugs, he maintains that a national debate is necessary to propose alternatives in the face of the failure of the war on drugs; on issues of environmental conservation, he states that he will keep the Yasuní Amazon reserve free of oil exploitation.",
"He also declares himself an enemy of the 21st-century socialism promoted from Venezuela and Cuba, whose Ecuadorian chapter identifies with the Citizens' Revolution led by Rafael Correa.",
"Lasso has called ALBA a \"third world empire\".",
"In response to his criticism of the Ecuadorian government's anti-capitalist discourse and measures, President Correa and other officials and members of Alianza PAIS have questioned Lasso by portraying him as a representative of the political forces that governed Ecuador before his party came to power in 2007, and pointing out that Lasso's tax proposals are irresponsible with the state budget.",
"Also, President Rafael Correa claims Lasso had a hand in Ecuador's financial crisis of 1999.",
"Health\nIn 2018, Lasso underwent a surgical procedure on his spinal cord at the Cleveland Clinic in the United States following a back injury from a fall at a pilgrimage in Spain in 2013.",
"The operation required him to use a forearm crutch since the operation.",
"In June 2021, Lasso had a second spinal cord surgery in the United States to \"regain regular leg mobility\" in Miami, Florida.",
"Writing\n\nIn 2011, Lasso published the book Cartas a Mis Hijos, which translates to Letters to my Children, which contains lessons he developed from his time working in business and highlights recommendations for the economic development of Ecuador.",
"Among his ideas, Lasso discusses the need for greater sovereignty over parts of the national economy.",
"The book advocates for the Ecuadorian government to develop policies that create more economic opportunities for its citizens.",
"Soon after the release of Cartas a Mis Hijos, former Prime Minister of Spain José María Aznar stated the book held key insights into what is needed for development.",
"During the book launch event, former Ecuadorian President Gustavo Noboa was present to show support for the project, along with other national politicians.",
"Following its publications, Lasso performed policy speeches and used the plans in the book as a basis for a presidential political campaign.",
"In 2012, he then published the book Otro Ecuador Es Posible.",
"References\n\nExternal links\n\nGuillermo Lasso's personal page\nBiography by CIDOB (in Spanish)\n\n|-\n\n|-\n\n1955 births\nPresidents of Ecuador\nEcuadorian Roman Catholics\nGovernment ministers of Ecuador\nGovernors of Guayas Province\nLiving people\nPeople from Guayaquil\nEcuadorian chief executives\nCreating Opportunities politicians\nPeople named in the Pandora Papers\n21st-century Ecuadorian politicians"
] | [
"The 47th president of the country was born on 16 November 1955 and is a businessman, writer, and politician.",
"He is the country's first centre-right president in nearly two decades.",
"Lasso was the Superminister of Economy during the Mahuad presidency.",
"He was the Governor of Guayas from 1998 to 1999.",
"He was the Itinerant Ambassador of Ecuador from 2003 to 2004.",
"Lasso has a political career as well as a banking career.",
"Lasso was a critic of the administration.",
"Lasso was involved in presidential politics when he founded the Creating Opportunities Party.",
"Lasso came in a distant second behind President Correa when he ran for president.",
"He narrowly lost the election in which he advanced to a run-off against the former Vice President, winning 48.84% of the vote against his opponent's 51.16%.",
"Lasso narrowly advanced to the April run-off round of the election in February and then was elected in April.",
"Classical liberal points such as the defence of the division of powers to limit government are included in his public agenda.",
"He supports tax cuts and is a free-market advocate.",
"His presidency has been noted for his high approval rating, tax increases on the wealthy and funding with the International Monetary Fund.",
"Lasso was born to a middle-class family in the Orellana neighborhood.",
"His parents were a couple.",
"Lasso's family DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch",
"Lasso would need to earn enough money to pay for his service at Colegio La Salle High School.",
"After graduating from high school, he went to the Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador to study economics but didn't get a degree.",
"In 1970, Lasso started working part-time at the Guayaquil Stock Exchange and later worked as a collection agency assistant.",
"He began his career in 1972 at the financial company Cofiec.",
"His first company was founded in 1978 by him and his brother.",
"Lasso would marry Mara de Lourdes Alcvar in 1980.",
"They have five children.",
"Following the local bankruptcy of the company in that region, Lasso was named the head of operations in Ecuador for Coca-Cola.",
"Lasso was tasked with bringing the company back to financial health.",
"He is a member of the Board of Directors of the Guayas Transit Commission as well as being a member of the Board of Directors of the Andean Development Corporation.",
"In 1994 Lasso became the CEO.",
"He founded the Bancos del Barrio program, a community banking initiative that brought in local shopkeepers as economic partners with the bank in planning and strategy.",
"The Inter-American Development Bank cited the program as an advancement in grassroots banking penetration strategy.",
"He left his post as Executive President.",
"The Fundacion del Barrio was founded by Lasso.",
"Saving Lives was created by Lasso in March of 2020 to raise money for the purchase of medical supplies and equipment for the Ecuadorian Health System.",
"Lasso was appointed as the Governor of Guayas in 1998 and oversaw the privatization of public companies and industries.",
"After an economic collapse in 1999, Lasso was temporarily appointed to the newly created position of Superminister of the Economy, replacing the resigning Ana Luca Armijos.",
"He was finance minister under President Mahuad and took over negotiations with the International Monetary Fund for economic support.",
"He was tasked with coordinating the government's response to the economic crisis.",
"Lasso was named the Ecuadorian Itinerant Ambassador in January of 2003 by President Gutiérrez.",
"He was in this position until April of that year, when it was disestablished.",
"The center-right party Creating Opportunities was founded by Lasso in anticipation of his first presidential campaign.",
"He was the presidential candidate for the Creating Opportunities party.",
"He lost to the incumbent President who received more than half of the valid votes.",
"Lasso's trust is the largest shareholder in the bank and he has been the executive president for more than 20 years.",
"In early 2017, Lasso launched his second presidential campaign, this time for the conservative Creating Opportunities party.",
"He promised to create one million more jobs if he was elected.",
"Lasso received 48.84% and lost.",
"Lasso accused his opponents of electoral fraud and called the incoming administration illegitimate.",
"In February of last year, Lasso told The Guardian that if he won the presidential election, he would leave the embassy in 30 days.",
"Lasso was a candidate in the general election in 2021.",
"In October 2020, he named Borrero as his running-mate.",
"In the first round, Lasso was slightly behind Yaku Pérez Guartambel but was able to get enough votes to finish second.",
"Lasso faced a socialist ally after his second place finish.",
"The front-runner for the presidency was Arauz, who was the pick of the former President.",
"In polling before the run-off, Arauz was leading Lasso with one indicating a 82% certainty of Arauz defeating Lasso.",
"Lasso would defeat Arauz in the run-off election, with many news outlets noting the conservative shift among the electorate.",
"Lasso won 52.4% of the vote, while Arauz won 47.6%.",
"His victory was seen as a victory for free-market advocates.",
"Lasso's win was described as an upset victory by some news outlets.",
"After Lasso's victory, the President of Uruguay Luis Lacalle Pou wished that the two countries would work together after his inauguration.",
"President Piera, President Mrquez, and President Bentez all sent their best wishes to Lasso.",
"Mauricio Macri and Felipe Caldern believed that Lasso's victory would benefit Latin America.",
"In a statement released by the White House, President Joe Biden applauded Lasso and Ecuadorian voters for demonstrating the power of peaceful and inclusive political participation.",
"The country's bonds soared with many believing that under the Lasso administration, the country will uphold the International Monetary Fund.",
"Lasso promised to honor the financing agreement with the International Monetary Fund and keep payments on the bonds.",
"Lasso said that his administration would focus on working with the United States, Chile, Brazil and Colombia while avoiding Cuba and Venezuela.",
"Lasso invited the president of Venezuela to his inauguration instead of the president.",
"Lasso said that he will try to regularize the situation of over 400,000 migrants from Venezuela.",
"Lasso said that a possible option would be to grant Venezuela's migrants temporary protected status.",
"On his first day in office, Lasso will send a tax cut proposal to the National Assembly in which he will eliminate the 2% sales tax on micro-enterprises and the tax on foreign currency outflows.",
"Lasso will try to lower the value-added tax.",
"The transitional activities from the previous administration began after Lasso met with the president.",
"A transition of a \"timely, transparent 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266",
"After being inaugurated, Lasso promised to increase the COVID-19 vaccination rates to 9 million people within his first 100 days in office.",
"He talked to Sebastian Piera about getting loans from the Inter-American Development Bank to purchase vaccines.",
"Lassos wants to have bilateral talks with Russia, China, the United States and the European Union to try to acquire vaccines.",
"The first members of Lasso's cabinet were named on April 27.",
"He promised to put as many women in his cabinet as he could.",
"On 14 May, the Social Christian Party (PSC) announced that they would no longer support Lasso or his government for not respecting a legislative agreement with the Union for Hope Party.",
"According to the PSC, Lasso's government would leave out 47.5% of the people who voted for UNES.",
"Lasso's administration had an opposition party called the Union for Hope Party.",
"He received credentials for his inauguration five days later.",
"On May 24, 2021, Tenure Lasso was inaugurated as the 47th president of Ecuador.",
"Dominican President Luis Abinader is one of the attendees of his inauguration.",
"The Ambassador was joined by King Felipe VI of Spain, Haitian President Jovenel Mose, Vice President Hugo Velzquez Moreno, and former Spanish Prime Minister José Mara Aznar.",
"Sixto Durn Ballén was the country's first center-right president.",
"In his first days in office, Lasso promised to promote oil production, mining and privatizations in the country.",
"He expanded the Ministry of Sports and eliminated the debts of citizens who owed $1,000.",
"Vice President Borrero is in charge of changing the country's healthcare system.",
"In June 2021, Lasso announced that he would launch a 100 day vaccine plan in order to revive the economy.",
"He wants to purchase 18 million doses of the Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine from Russia.",
"Over a million doses of the Pfizer–BioNTech and Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine have been acquired by the country.",
"Lasso urged the UN to increase vaccine availability through their COVAX programme.",
"Almost 10 million people received one dose of the vaccine while the Lasso administration announced the approval of a third shot for people with weakened immune systems.",
"Other right-leaning governments in other South American countries are seen as a stark contrast to his administration.",
"His political party has little impact on the National Assembly despite his high approval rating.",
"His proposals to privatize state resources in the oil sector, expand mining and labor reform have been rejected by the assembly.",
"Lasso went to Mexico to discuss trade deals with President Lopez Obrador.",
"He helped finalize an agreement that will allow citizens of four countries to seek employment and live in any of them without needing a special sponsorship.",
"Lasso proposed a tax increase for the country's wealthiest citizens.",
"His plan would tax people who make more than $25,000 a year.",
"He told the UN General Assembly that he was in talks with Russia about establishing a Sputnik V vaccine lab.",
"He had reached a deal with the International Monetary Fund.",
"There was a huge protest against the Lasso administration in September of 2021.",
"Lasso declared a state of emergency after 118 inmates were killed in a prison riot.",
"The International Consortium of Investigative Journalists found that Lasso created an \"offshore\" framework to hide his net worth.",
"In response to the leak, Lasso vowed to cooperate with the ICIJ and said that he had legally dissolved any assets or offshore accounts prior to the leak.",
"The country's Attorney General launched an investigation against Lasso after the leak.",
"In October of 2021, communities from the Amazon filed a lawsuit against President Lasso over plans to expand fossil fuel exploitation and mining that they claimed threatens millions of acres of pristine rainforest and the survival of native peoples.",
"Some of the highest levels of biodiversity on the planet can be found in remote areas of the rainforest.",
"Lasso ordered a state of national emergency in the country due to the rise in drug-related violence.",
"The Guayaquil prison riot occurred weeks earlier.",
"Lasso said that \"armed forces and police will be felt with force in the streets because we are decreeing a state of emergency throughout the national territory\".",
"Drug traffickers and corrupt officials would be the focus of the 60-day state of emergency order.",
"In December of 2021, a motion to impeach Lasso was rejected by the National Assembly with 51 legislators in favor of the motion and 77 against.",
"A week later, Lasso announced the creation of a commission to investigate and end the rise in deadly prison riots and violence in the country.",
"Lasso began his presidency with an approval rating of 71%, according to a survey.",
"His approval rating was found to be 73% by Foreign Policy.",
"His high approval rating was due to his administration's response to the COVID-19 Pandemic, according to Foreign Policy.",
"A majority of Ecuadorians approve of his way of governing.",
"Lasso was reported to have a 75% approval rating.",
"Lasso said that life has made him liberal.",
"He replied that he does not place himself on any ideological ground, but believes in good ideas.",
"He said the same thing when asked if he was from the right or left.",
"His public agenda includes classic liberal points such as the defense of the division of powers to limit government and the freedom of the press.",
"Reducing taxes, state debt, and increasing the minimum wage are all things he supports in order to increase productivity and employment in the private sector.",
"He believes that the tax on capital outflows is a tax on capital income, and he will eliminate at least nine taxes if he is elected president.",
"Lasso was accused of supporting reducing the minimum wage from $400 per month in 2020 to $120 per month, however, that was a statement taken out of context from an interview he gave in March 2020 in the middle of the epidemic.",
"Lasso admires the reforms implemented by the former Prime Minister of Spain, José Mara Aznar.",
"He wants a greater opening of trade with the United States and the European Union so that national producers have more export opportunities.",
"Lasso was a member of the church.",
"He believes in life from conception and that is a principle he will not change.",
"Lasso promised to respect the separate political branches after the Supreme Court ruled in favor of abortions in rape cases.",
"Civil union but not marriage between people of the same sex is one of the issues he supports.",
"He wants to make it easier for foreigners with criminal records to enter the country for tourism, investment, or humanitarian reasons.",
"He states that a national debate is necessary to propose alternatives in the face of the failure of the war on drugs, and that he will keep the Yasun Amazon reserve free of oil exploitation.",
"He is an enemy of the 21st-century socialism promoted from Venezuela and Cuba.",
"Lasso called ALBA a third world empire.",
"In response to his criticism of the Ecuadorian government's anti-capitalist discourse and measures, President Correa and other officials and members of Alianza PAIS have questioned Lasso by portraying him as a representative of the political forces that governed Ecuador before his party came to power in 2007.",
"The president claims that Lasso had a hand in the financial crisis of 1999.",
"Lasso had a surgical procedure on his spine at the Cleveland Clinic in the United States after a fall at a pilgrimage in Spain.",
"He had to use a crutch after the operation.",
"Lasso had a second spine surgery in the United States in June of 2021.",
"Lasso wrote a book called \"Cartas a Mis Hijos\", which means \"Letters to my Children\", which was published in 2011.",
"Lasso talks about the need for greater sovereignty over parts of the national economy.",
"The book supports policies that will create more economic opportunities for the citizens of the country.",
"The former Prime Minister of Spain José Mara Aznar stated that the book held key insights into what was needed for development.",
"During the book launch event, the former President of the country was present to show his support for the project.",
"Lasso used the plans in the book as a basis for a presidential campaign after performing policy speeches.",
"In 2012 he published a book.",
"There are links to biographies on the personal page of Guillermo Lasso."
] | <mask> (; born 16 November 1955) is an Ecuadorian businessman, banker, writer and politician who has served as the 47th president of Ecuador since 24 May 2021. He is the country's first centre-right president in nearly two decades, marking a noted shift in the country's electorate. <mask> served as Superminister of Economy during the Jamil Mahuad presidency briefly in 1999. He previously served as Governor of Guayas from 1998 until 1999. In 2003, he briefly served as the Itinerant Ambassador of Ecuador during the Lucio Gutiérrez administration. Aside from his political career, <mask> is also a banker and previously served as CEO of Banco Guayaquil. During the presidency of Rafael Correa, <mask> became a noted critic of his administration.<mask> became involved in presidential politics when he founded the Creating Opportunities Party in 2012. He first ran for president in 2013; <mask> came in a distant second place behind President Correa, who won by a landslide. He would later run again in the 2017 election, where he advanced to the run-off running against former Vice President Lenin Moreno and narrowly lost the election winning 48.84% of the vote against Moreno's 51.16%. In his third presidential campaign in 2021, <mask> narrowly advanced to the April run-off round of the election in February and later was elected in April. A liberal, his public agenda includes classical liberal points such as the defence of the division of powers to limit government and of fundamental rights. He has also expressed opinions in favour of tax cuts and is a free-market advocate. His presidency has been noted for his high approval rating, COVID-19 vaccination initiatives and economic relief packages through tax increases on the wealthy and funding with the International Monetary Fund.Early life
<mask> was born in Guayaquil to a middle-class family in the Orellana neighborhood. His parents were <mask> Alvarado and Nora Mendoza. <mask> has ten siblings and his family lived with financial hardships. At age 15, <mask> would work to earn sufficient money to pay for his baccalaureate service at Colegio La Salle High School. After graduating from high school, he entered the Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador in Quito to study economics but left without a degree. In 1970, <mask> began working part-time at the Guayaquil Stock Exchange and later worked as a collection agency assistant at Casa Möeller Martínez. In 1972, he started working at the financial company Cofiec and then at Finansa in Quito.His first company was Constructora Alfa y Omega, founded with his older brother <mask> in 1978, when he was 23 years old. In 1977, <mask> met María de Lourdes Alcívar, whom he would marry in 1980. They have five children: María de Lourdes, Juan, <mask>, Santiago and María de las Mercedes. Business career
During the 1990s, <mask> was named the head of operations in Ecuador for Coca-Cola, following the local bankruptcy of the company in that region. In this role, <mask> was tasked with restructuring the company and bringing it back to financial health. He has since sat on the boards of directors for both Coca-Cola and Mavesa, and also served as Chairman of the board of directors of the Guayas Transit Commission as well as being a member of the Board of Directors of the Andean Development Corporation. In 1994 <mask> became the CEO of Banco Guayaquil.As a part of his tenure, he founded the Bancos del Barrio program, a community banking initiative that brought in local shopkeepers as economic partners with the bank in planning and strategy. The program was cited by the Inter-American Development Bank as an advancement in grassroots banking penetration strategy. He resigned from his post as Executive President in 2012. <mask> is also the founder of the Fundacion del Barrio. In March 2020, <mask> created the humanitarian initiative Saving Lives which was an initiative against the COVID-19 pandemic and raised 8 million dollars to help purchase medical supplies and equipment to the Ecuadorian Health System. Political career
In 1998, <mask> was appointed as the Governor of Guayas, during which the national government underwent mass privatization of public companies and industries. Ecuador went through an economic collapse in 1999, following which, <mask> was temporarily appointed to the newly created position of Superminister of the Economy, replacing the resigning Ana Lucía Armijos.As finance minister, he served under President Jamil Mahuad and took over negotiations with the International Monetary Fund for economic support. He was also tasked with coordinating government policy in response to the country's economic crisis. In January 2003, President Lucio Gutiérrez named <mask> as the Ecuadorian Itinerant Ambassador, a position recently established. He would serve in this position until it was disestablished a few months later in April of that year. In anticipation of his first presidential campaign, <mask> founded the center-right party Creating Opportunities which outlined many policies against the Rafael Correa administration. Early presidential campaigns
In the 2013 general election, he was the presidential candidate for the party Creating Opportunities. He landed in second place with 22.68% of valid votes, losing to incumbent President Rafael Correa who received more than double that amount (57.17%).<mask> is, through a trust named with his initials, GLM, the largest shareholder in Banco de Guayaquil, where he has been executive president for more than 20 years. In early 2017, <mask> launched his second presidential campaign to succeed incumbent President Correa for the conservative Creating Opportunities party in the 2017 presidential elections. His campaign's theme was one of "change" and he pledged to create one million more jobs in Ecuador. <mask> received 48.84% and lost to Lenín Moreno. Following the result, <mask> accused his opponents of electoral fraud and called the incoming administration "illegitimate". In February 2017, <mask> told The Guardian that should he win the presidential election he would "cordially ask" Julian Assange, the WikiLeaks founder, to leave the Ecuadorian Embassy in London within 30 days. 2021 general election
<mask> ran as a candidate again in the 2021 general election.He named neurosurgeon Alfredo Borrero as his running-mate in October 2020. In the first round, <mask> was slightly behind indigenous rights activist Yaku Pérez Guartambel but eventually garnered enough votes to secure a narrow second-place finish. Following his first-round second place finish, <mask> faced socialist and Rafael Correa ally Andrés Arauz. Arauz was considered to be the front-runner for the presidency and the "handpicked candidate" of former President Correa. In polling before the run-off, Arauz was leading <mask> with one indicating a 82% certainty of Arauz defeating <mask>. <mask> would defeat Arauz on 11 April in the run-off election, with many news outlets noting the conservative shift among the Ecuadorian electorate. <mask> won 52.4% of the vote, while Arauz won 47.6% of the vote.His victory was also seen as a win for free-market advocates in the country. Some news outlets described <mask>'s win as an upset victory. After his victory, President of Uruguay Luis Lacalle Pou became the first national leader to congratulate <mask> and wished that both Uruguay and Ecuador will "work together" upon his inauguration. President Sebastián Piñera, President Iván Duque Márquez and President Mario Abdo Benítez also congratulated <mask>. Both former President Mauricio Macri and President Felipe Calderón believed <mask>'s victory would be beneficial to Ecuador and Latin America. In a statement released by the White House, President Joe Biden congratulated <mask> and Ecuadorian voters for "demonstrating the power of peaceful and inclusive political participation and upholding the ideals of democracy". Presidency (2021–present)
Transition
After his election victory, bonds for Ecuador soared with many believing that under the <mask> administration, the country will uphold the International Monetary Fund (IMF).<mask> vowed to uphold a $6.5 billion financing agreement with the IMF and to keep payments on Ecuador's overseas bonds. <mask> also noted that his administration would focus on working with the United States, Chile, Brazil and Colombia while distancing from Cuba and Venezuela. Addressing the Venezuelan presidential crisis, <mask> invited disputed President Juan Guaidó to his inauguration instead of President Nicolás Maduro. <mask> also announced that he will seek to regularize the situation of over 400,000 Venezuelan migrants living in Ecuador. While discussing the migration issue with Colombian President Iván Duque Marquez, <mask> said a possible option would be to grant Venezuelan migrants temporary protected status. On 15 April, <mask> announced that on his first day in office, he will send a tax cut proposal to the National Assembly in which he will eliminate the 2% sales tax on micro-enterprises and the tax on foreign currency outflows. <mask> will try to lower the value-added tax within the economic incentive plan.On 20 April, <mask> met with President Lenin Moreno to begin the transitional activities from the previous administration at the Carondelet Palace in Quito. Moreno vowed a transition of a "timely, transparent, truthful and technical manner". <mask> issued that his main priorities after being inaugurated would be to increase the COVID-19 vaccination rates in the country, vowing to vaccinate 9 million people within his first 100 days in office. He had talked to Chilean President Sebastian Piñera about obtaining loans to purchase vaccines with the support of the Inter-American Development Bank. <mask>s said he aim for bilateral talks with Russia, China, the United States, the European Union and Chile to try to acquire vaccines. On 27 April, <mask> named the first members of his cabinet, with women public servants dominating several political positions. He vowed that he would nominate as many women in his cabinet as "women must be in decision-making positions".On 14 May, the Social Christian Party (PSC) announced that they would no longer support <mask> or his government for not "respecting" a legislative agreement with the Union for Hope Party (UNES) in the National Assembly. The PSC said that they felt that <mask>'s government would "[leave out] the 47.5% of the Ecuadorians who voted for UNES or its 49 legislators". The Union for Hope Party is the opposition party during <mask>'s administration. Five days later, he received credentials as Constitutional President of Ecuador in anticipation to his inauguration. Tenure
2021
<mask> was inaugurated as the 47th president of Ecuador on 24 May 2021 at Carondelet Palace in Quito. Attendees of his inauguration include: Dominican President Luis Abinader, Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro, U.S. Ambassador Michael J. Fitzpatrick, King Felipe VI of Spain, Haitian President Jovenel Moïse, Paraguayan Vice President Hugo Velázquez Moreno, Uruguayn Foreign Minister Francisco Bustillo, Spanish Opposition Leader, former Spanish Prime Minister José María Aznar, and former Colombian President Andrés Pastrana Arango.<mask> became the country's first center-right president since Sixto Durán Ballén, who served from 1992 to 1996. <mask> vowed that in his first days in office, he would increase COVID vaccination numbers and promote oil production, mining and privatizations in the country. One of his first actions in office included expanding the Ministry of Sports and eliminating the debts of citizens who owed $1,000. He also named Vice President Alfredo Borrero as in charge of overhauling the country's healthcare system and COVID response. In June 2021, <mask> announced that Ecuador would launch a 100-day vaccine plan where he aimed to vaccinate 9 million people and to revive the economy. He announced that he would hold talks with Russia to purchase 18 million doses of the Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine. He also said that the country had acquired over a million doses of the Pfizer–BioNTech and Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine.<mask> urged the United Nations to ramp up vaccine rollouts in the country through their COVAX programme. In August 2021, while announcing the approval of a third shot for people with weakened immune systems, the <mask> administration announced that 4.8 million people received two doses of the vaccine with almost 10 million receiving one dose. His administration is seen as a stark contrast towards other right-leaning governments in other South American countries. Despite his high approval rating, his political party has little to no impact on the National Assembly. His proposals to privatize state resources in the oil sector, expand mining and labor reform have received negative approval from the assembly. In August 2021, <mask> visited Mexican President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador to discuss trade deals and for Ecuador to be admitted into the Pacific Alliance. That same month, he helped finalize an agreement that allows citizens of Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, and Peru to seek employment and live in any of the four countries without needing a special sponsorship.In September 2021, <mask> announced an economic package where he proposed a tax increase for the country's wealthiest citizens. His plan would tax individuals who make more than $25,000 a year or about 3.5% of the country's working population. While addressing the United Nations General Assembly that same month, he announced that he was in talks with Russia about establishing a Sputnik V vaccine lab in Ecuador. He had also reached a $1.5 billion deal with the International Monetary Fund. In September 2021, a massive protest was held in Quito against the <mask> administration with over 3,000 people in attendance. When a prison riot killed over 118 inmates at a prison in Guayaquil on 28 September, <mask> declared a state of emergency. In October 2021, <mask> was named in the Pandora Papers leak where the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) found that <mask> created an "offshore" framework to hide his actual net worth.In response to the leak, <mask> vowed to cooperate with the ICIJ and said that he had legally dissolved any assets or offshore accounts prior to the leak and that he has no association with any possible active accounts. Following the leak, an investigation by the country's Attorney General was launched against <mask> over potential tax fraud. In October, 2021, communities from Ecuador's Amazon region sued over plans by President <mask> to expand fossil fuel extraction and mining that they claimed threatens millions of acres of pristine rainforest and the survival of native peoples. The proposed expansion of extraction activities targets remote areas of the rainforest, habitat for what are claimed to be some of the highest levels of biodiversity on the planet. On 19 October 2021, <mask> ordered a state of national emergency in Ecuador over the rise in drug-related violence in the country. This was also caused by the deadly Guayaquil prison riot that occurred weeks earlier. While ordering the mobilization of police forces, <mask> said that "armed forces and police will be felt with force in the streets because we are decreeing a state of emergency throughout the national territory".The 60-day state of emergency order would focus on cracking down of corrupt officials and drug trafficking. In December 2021, a motion to impeach <mask> over his involvement in the Pandora Papers was rejected by the National Assembly with 51 legislators in favor of the motion and 77 others against. A week later, <mask> announced the creation of a commission to investigate and end the rise in deadly prison riots and violence in the country. Approval ratings
<mask> began his presidency with an approval rating of 71%, according to a CEDATOS survey in June 2021. In August 2021, a survey by Foreign Policy found his approval rating at a 73%. Foreign Policy noted his high approval rating was mainly due to his administration's response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The same poll found that 78% of Ecuadorians approved of his way of governing.In September 2021, <mask> was reported to have a 75% approval rating by Bloomberg News. Political positions
<mask> said that "life has made [him] liberal". However, when asked if he identified with that term, he replied that he does not place himself on any ideological ground, but believes in "good ideas". He responded in the same way when asked if he was from the right or the left. His public agenda includes classic liberal points such as the defense of the division of powers to limit government and of fundamental rights such as freedom of the press. He has also expressed himself in favour of reducing taxes, state debt, and increasing the minimum wage with the announced aim of increasing productivity and employment in the private sector. On the tax on capital outflows, he thinks that it is a tax on capital income, and he has committed himself to eliminating at least nine taxes if he is elected president.<mask> also was accused of supporting reducing the minimum wage from $400 per month in 2020 to $120 per month; however, that was a statement taken out of context from an interview he gave in March 2020 in the middle of the pandemic, while suggesting letting businesses recruit unemployed poor single mothers so they could at least get some income. <mask> has declared himself an admirer of José María Aznar's Silent Revolution, a series of reforms implemented by the former Prime Minister of Spain. On foreign trade, he has said that he favours a greater opening of trade with Ecuador's major partners, the United States and the European Union so that national producers have greater export opportunities. <mask> was a supernumerary of Opus Dei. On abortion, he has said in general terms that he "believes in life from conception and that is a principle I will not change". In April 2021, when the Supreme Court ruled in favor of abortions in rape cases, <mask> said that he had "full respect" of the ruling and vowed to respect the separate political branches. On other issues such as marriage between people of the same sex, he has said that he is in favour of allowing civil union but differentiating it from conventional marriage.On immigration, he has proposed controls for those with criminal records, but to facilitate the entry of foreigners for tourism, investment, or humanitarian reasons. On the decriminalisation of drugs, he maintains that a national debate is necessary to propose alternatives in the face of the failure of the war on drugs; on issues of environmental conservation, he states that he will keep the Yasuní Amazon reserve free of oil exploitation. He also declares himself an enemy of the 21st-century socialism promoted from Venezuela and Cuba, whose Ecuadorian chapter identifies with the Citizens' Revolution led by Rafael Correa. <mask> has called ALBA a "third world empire". In response to his criticism of the Ecuadorian government's anti-capitalist discourse and measures, President Correa and other officials and members of Alianza PAIS have questioned <mask> by portraying him as a representative of the political forces that governed Ecuador before his party came to power in 2007, and pointing out that <mask>'s tax proposals are irresponsible with the state budget. Also, President Rafael Correa claims <mask> had a hand in Ecuador's financial crisis of 1999. Health
In 2018, <mask> underwent a surgical procedure on his spinal cord at the Cleveland Clinic in the United States following a back injury from a fall at a pilgrimage in Spain in 2013.The operation required him to use a forearm crutch since the operation. In June 2021, <mask> had a second spinal cord surgery in the United States to "regain regular leg mobility" in Miami, Florida. Writing
In 2011, <mask> published the book Cartas a Mis Hijos, which translates to Letters to my Children, which contains lessons he developed from his time working in business and highlights recommendations for the economic development of Ecuador. Among his ideas, <mask> discusses the need for greater sovereignty over parts of the national economy. The book advocates for the Ecuadorian government to develop policies that create more economic opportunities for its citizens. Soon after the release of Cartas a Mis Hijos, former Prime Minister of Spain José María Aznar stated the book held key insights into what is needed for development. During the book launch event, former Ecuadorian President Gustavo Noboa was present to show support for the project, along with other national politicians.Following its publications, <mask> performed policy speeches and used the plans in the book as a basis for a presidential political campaign. In 2012, he then published the book Otro Ecuador Es Posible. References
External links
<mask>'s personal page
Biography by CIDOB (in Spanish)
|-
|-
1955 births
Presidents of Ecuador
Ecuadorian Roman Catholics
Government ministers of Ecuador
Governors of Guayas Province
Living people
People from Guayaquil
Ecuadorian chief executives
Creating Opportunities politicians
People named in the Pandora Papers
21st-century Ecuadorian politicians | [
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] | The 47th president of the country was born on 16 November 1955 and is a businessman, writer, and politician. He is the country's first centre-right president in nearly two decades. <mask> was the Superminister of Economy during the Mahuad presidency. He was the Governor of Guayas from 1998 to 1999. He was the Itinerant Ambassador of Ecuador from 2003 to 2004. <mask> has a political career as well as a banking career. <mask> was a critic of the administration.<mask> was involved in presidential politics when he founded the Creating Opportunities Party. <mask> came in a distant second behind President Correa when he ran for president. He narrowly lost the election in which he advanced to a run-off against the former Vice President, winning 48.84% of the vote against his opponent's 51.16%. <mask> narrowly advanced to the April run-off round of the election in February and then was elected in April. Classical liberal points such as the defence of the division of powers to limit government are included in his public agenda. He supports tax cuts and is a free-market advocate. His presidency has been noted for his high approval rating, tax increases on the wealthy and funding with the International Monetary Fund.<mask> was born to a middle-class family in the Orellana neighborhood. His parents were a couple. <mask>'s family DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch <mask> would need to earn enough money to pay for his service at Colegio La Salle High School. After graduating from high school, he went to the Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador to study economics but didn't get a degree. In 1970, <mask> started working part-time at the Guayaquil Stock Exchange and later worked as a collection agency assistant. He began his career in 1972 at the financial company Cofiec.His first company was founded in 1978 by him and his brother. <mask> would marry Mara de Lourdes Alcvar in 1980. They have five children. Following the local bankruptcy of the company in that region, <mask> was named the head of operations in Ecuador for Coca-Cola. <mask> was tasked with bringing the company back to financial health. He is a member of the Board of Directors of the Guayas Transit Commission as well as being a member of the Board of Directors of the Andean Development Corporation. In 1994 <mask> became the CEO.He founded the Bancos del Barrio program, a community banking initiative that brought in local shopkeepers as economic partners with the bank in planning and strategy. The Inter-American Development Bank cited the program as an advancement in grassroots banking penetration strategy. He left his post as Executive President. The Fundacion del Barrio was founded by <mask>. Saving Lives was created by <mask> in March of 2020 to raise money for the purchase of medical supplies and equipment for the Ecuadorian Health System. <mask> was appointed as the Governor of Guayas in 1998 and oversaw the privatization of public companies and industries. After an economic collapse in 1999, <mask> was temporarily appointed to the newly created position of Superminister of the Economy, replacing the resigning Ana Luca Armijos.He was finance minister under President Mahuad and took over negotiations with the International Monetary Fund for economic support. He was tasked with coordinating the government's response to the economic crisis. <mask> was named the Ecuadorian Itinerant Ambassador in January of 2003 by President Gutiérrez. He was in this position until April of that year, when it was disestablished. The center-right party Creating Opportunities was founded by <mask> in anticipation of his first presidential campaign. He was the presidential candidate for the Creating Opportunities party. He lost to the incumbent President who received more than half of the valid votes.<mask>'s trust is the largest shareholder in the bank and he has been the executive president for more than 20 years. In early 2017, <mask> launched his second presidential campaign, this time for the conservative Creating Opportunities party. He promised to create one million more jobs if he was elected. <mask> received 48.84% and lost. <mask> accused his opponents of electoral fraud and called the incoming administration illegitimate. In February of last year, <mask> told The Guardian that if he won the presidential election, he would leave the embassy in 30 days. <mask> was a candidate in the general election in 2021.In October 2020, he named Borrero as his running-mate. In the first round, <mask> was slightly behind Yaku Pérez Guartambel but was able to get enough votes to finish second. <mask> faced a socialist ally after his second place finish. The front-runner for the presidency was Arauz, who was the pick of the former President. In polling before the run-off, Arauz was leading <mask> with one indicating a 82% certainty of Arauz defeating <mask>. <mask> would defeat Arauz in the run-off election, with many news outlets noting the conservative shift among the electorate. <mask> won 52.4% of the vote, while Arauz won 47.6%.His victory was seen as a victory for free-market advocates. <mask>'s win was described as an upset victory by some news outlets. After <mask>'s victory, the President of Uruguay Luis Lacalle Pou wished that the two countries would work together after his inauguration. President Piera, President Mrquez, and President Bentez all sent their best wishes to <mask>. Mauricio Macri and Felipe Caldern believed that <mask>'s victory would benefit Latin America. In a statement released by the White House, President Joe Biden applauded Lasso and Ecuadorian voters for demonstrating the power of peaceful and inclusive political participation. The country's bonds soared with many believing that under the <mask> administration, the country will uphold the International Monetary Fund.<mask> promised to honor the financing agreement with the International Monetary Fund and keep payments on the bonds. <mask> said that his administration would focus on working with the United States, Chile, Brazil and Colombia while avoiding Cuba and Venezuela. <mask> invited the president of Venezuela to his inauguration instead of the president. <mask> said that he will try to regularize the situation of over 400,000 migrants from Venezuela. <mask> said that a possible option would be to grant Venezuela's migrants temporary protected status. On his first day in office, <mask> will send a tax cut proposal to the National Assembly in which he will eliminate the 2% sales tax on micro-enterprises and the tax on foreign currency outflows. <mask> will try to lower the value-added tax.The transitional activities from the previous administration began after <mask> met with the president. A transition of a "timely, transparent 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 After being inaugurated, Lasso promised to increase the COVID-19 vaccination rates to 9 million people within his first 100 days in office. He talked to Sebastian Piera about getting loans from the Inter-American Development Bank to purchase vaccines. Lassos wants to have bilateral talks with Russia, China, the United States and the European Union to try to acquire vaccines. The first members of Lasso's cabinet were named on April 27. He promised to put as many women in his cabinet as he could.On 14 May, the Social Christian Party (PSC) announced that they would no longer support <mask> or his government for not respecting a legislative agreement with the Union for Hope Party. According to the PSC, <mask>'s government would leave out 47.5% of the people who voted for UNES. <mask>'s administration had an opposition party called the Union for Hope Party. He received credentials for his inauguration five days later. On May 24, 2021, Tenure <mask> was inaugurated as the 47th president of Ecuador. Dominican President Luis Abinader is one of the attendees of his inauguration. The Ambassador was joined by King Felipe VI of Spain, Haitian President Jovenel Mose, Vice President Hugo Velzquez Moreno, and former Spanish Prime Minister José Mara Aznar.Sixto Durn Ballén was the country's first center-right president. In his first days in office, <mask> promised to promote oil production, mining and privatizations in the country. He expanded the Ministry of Sports and eliminated the debts of citizens who owed $1,000. Vice President Borrero is in charge of changing the country's healthcare system. In June 2021, <mask> announced that he would launch a 100 day vaccine plan in order to revive the economy. He wants to purchase 18 million doses of the Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine from Russia. Over a million doses of the Pfizer–BioNTech and Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine have been acquired by the country.<mask> urged the UN to increase vaccine availability through their COVAX programme. Almost 10 million people received one dose of the vaccine while the <mask> administration announced the approval of a third shot for people with weakened immune systems. Other right-leaning governments in other South American countries are seen as a stark contrast to his administration. His political party has little impact on the National Assembly despite his high approval rating. His proposals to privatize state resources in the oil sector, expand mining and labor reform have been rejected by the assembly. <mask> went to Mexico to discuss trade deals with President Lopez Obrador. He helped finalize an agreement that will allow citizens of four countries to seek employment and live in any of them without needing a special sponsorship.<mask> proposed a tax increase for the country's wealthiest citizens. His plan would tax people who make more than $25,000 a year. He told the UN General Assembly that he was in talks with Russia about establishing a Sputnik V vaccine lab. He had reached a deal with the International Monetary Fund. There was a huge protest against the <mask> administration in September of 2021. <mask> declared a state of emergency after 118 inmates were killed in a prison riot. The International Consortium of Investigative Journalists found that <mask> created an "offshore" framework to hide his net worth.In response to the leak, <mask> vowed to cooperate with the ICIJ and said that he had legally dissolved any assets or offshore accounts prior to the leak. The country's Attorney General launched an investigation against <mask> after the leak. In October of 2021, communities from the Amazon filed a lawsuit against President <mask> over plans to expand fossil fuel exploitation and mining that they claimed threatens millions of acres of pristine rainforest and the survival of native peoples. Some of the highest levels of biodiversity on the planet can be found in remote areas of the rainforest. <mask> ordered a state of national emergency in the country due to the rise in drug-related violence. The Guayaquil prison riot occurred weeks earlier. <mask> said that "armed forces and police will be felt with force in the streets because we are decreeing a state of emergency throughout the national territory".Drug traffickers and corrupt officials would be the focus of the 60-day state of emergency order. In December of 2021, a motion to impeach <mask> was rejected by the National Assembly with 51 legislators in favor of the motion and 77 against. A week later, <mask> announced the creation of a commission to investigate and end the rise in deadly prison riots and violence in the country. <mask> began his presidency with an approval rating of 71%, according to a survey. His approval rating was found to be 73% by Foreign Policy. His high approval rating was due to his administration's response to the COVID-19 Pandemic, according to Foreign Policy. A majority of Ecuadorians approve of his way of governing.<mask> was reported to have a 75% approval rating. <mask> said that life has made him liberal. He replied that he does not place himself on any ideological ground, but believes in good ideas. He said the same thing when asked if he was from the right or left. His public agenda includes classic liberal points such as the defense of the division of powers to limit government and the freedom of the press. Reducing taxes, state debt, and increasing the minimum wage are all things he supports in order to increase productivity and employment in the private sector. He believes that the tax on capital outflows is a tax on capital income, and he will eliminate at least nine taxes if he is elected president.<mask> was accused of supporting reducing the minimum wage from $400 per month in 2020 to $120 per month, however, that was a statement taken out of context from an interview he gave in March 2020 in the middle of the epidemic. <mask> admires the reforms implemented by the former Prime Minister of Spain, José Mara Aznar. He wants a greater opening of trade with the United States and the European Union so that national producers have more export opportunities. <mask> was a member of the church. He believes in life from conception and that is a principle he will not change. <mask> promised to respect the separate political branches after the Supreme Court ruled in favor of abortions in rape cases. Civil union but not marriage between people of the same sex is one of the issues he supports.He wants to make it easier for foreigners with criminal records to enter the country for tourism, investment, or humanitarian reasons. He states that a national debate is necessary to propose alternatives in the face of the failure of the war on drugs, and that he will keep the Yasun Amazon reserve free of oil exploitation. He is an enemy of the 21st-century socialism promoted from Venezuela and Cuba. <mask> called ALBA a third world empire. In response to his criticism of the Ecuadorian government's anti-capitalist discourse and measures, President Correa and other officials and members of Alianza PAIS have questioned <mask> by portraying him as a representative of the political forces that governed Ecuador before his party came to power in 2007. The president claims that <mask> had a hand in the financial crisis of 1999. <mask> had a surgical procedure on his spine at the Cleveland Clinic in the United States after a fall at a pilgrimage in Spain.He had to use a crutch after the operation. <mask> had a second spine surgery in the United States in June of 2021. <mask> wrote a book called "Cartas a Mis Hijos", which means "Letters to my Children", which was published in 2011. <mask> talks about the need for greater sovereignty over parts of the national economy. The book supports policies that will create more economic opportunities for the citizens of the country. The former Prime Minister of Spain José Mara Aznar stated that the book held key insights into what was needed for development. During the book launch event, the former President of the country was present to show his support for the project.<mask> used the plans in the book as a basis for a presidential campaign after performing policy speeches. In 2012 he published a book. There are links to biographies on the personal page of <mask>. | [
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2974178 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelmo%20Beaty | Zelmo Beaty | Zelmo "Big Z" Beaty ( ; October 25, 1939 – August 27, 2013) was an American basketball player. He played eight seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and four in the rival American Basketball Association (ABA). A three-time ABA All-Star, Beaty was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame as a player in 2016.
Early life
Zelmo Beaty Jr. was born on October 25, 1939 in Hillister, Texas, a small town of 250. He attended Scott High School in Woodville, Texas and played for Coach John Payton winning back to back Prairie View Interscholastic League 1A state championships in 1957 & 1958. For college, Beaty attended Prairie View A&M.
College
Prairie View A&M Panthers
"From 1958–1962 at Prairie View A&M Beaty averaged 25 points and 20 rebounds per game and was a two-time first team NAIA All-American (1960 & 1962). The "Big Z" led Prairie View A&M to the NAIA national basketball title in 1962 and was named the Chuck Taylor Tournament MVP."
NBA
St. Louis Hawks
He was selected with the third pick of the 1962 National Basketball Association (NBA) Draft by the St. Louis Hawks. Beaty was named to the inaugural NBA All-Rookie Team in 1963. He averaged more than 20 points per game in three different seasons, and over ten rebounds per game in six of his seven seasons with the Hawks. A physical player, Beaty led the NBA in personal fouls in 1962–63 and 1965–66, and tied for the league lead in disqualifications during the 1963–64 season. Beaty made two NBA All-Star Game appearances in 1966 and 1968 before leaving the NBA to play in the rival American Basketball Association (ABA).
ABA
Utah Stars
In his first season in the ABA, Beaty led the league in field goal percentage, was third in the league in rebounds per game, helped lead the Utah Stars to the 1971 ABA title, and was awarded the ABA Playoffs Most Valuable Player Award. He played a total of four seasons with the Stars, being named to the All-ABA Second Team twice and making the ABA All-Star Game three times, before returning to the NBA as a member of the Los Angeles Lakers.
He also served as president of the ABA's Player Association, as well as union player representative with the Hawks.
Beaty retired in 1975 with combined ABA/NBA totals of 15,207 points and 9,665 rebounds. He briefly served as a coach for the ABA's Virginia Squires.
Personal
After pro ball, Beaty worked in financial planning. He also worked as a substitute physical education teacher in Seattle elementary schools. Beaty died from cancer on August 27, 2013 at his home in Bellevue, Washington. He was 73 years old. He had been married to his wife for about 50 years, and had two children.
Posthumous honors
Beaty was selected to be inducted into the 2014 National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame class and the 2016 Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame class.
Host Josh Levin ends every episode of the Slate sports podcast Hang Up and Listen by saying, "Remember Zelmo Beaty."
NBA/ABA career statistics
Regular season
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|St. Louis
| 80 || – || 24.0 || .439 || – || .717 || 8.3 || 1.1 || – || – || 10.2
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|St. Louis
| 59 || – || 32.6 || .444 || – || .741 || 10.7 || 1.3 || – || – || 13.1
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|St. Louis
| 80 || – || 36.5 || .482 || – || .715 || 12.1 || 1.4 || – || – || 16.9
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|St. Louis
| 80 || – || 38.4 || .473 || – || .758 || 13.6 || 1.6 || – || – || 20.7
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|St. Louis
| 48 || – || 34.6 || .473 || – || .758 || 10.7 || 1.3 || – || – || 17.8
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|St. Louis
| 82 || – || 37.4 || .488 || – || .794 || 11.7 || 2.1 || – || – || 21.1
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Atlanta
| 72 || – || 35.8 || .470 || – || .731 || 11.1 || 1.8 || – || – || 21.5
|-
| style="text-align:left;background:#afe6fa;"|†
| style="text-align:left;"|Utah (ABA)
| 76 || – || 38.4 || .555 || .500 || .791 || 15.7 || 1.9 || – || – || 22.9
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Utah (ABA)
| 84 || – || 37.3 || .539 || .000 || .829 || 13.2 || 1.5 || – || – || 23.6
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Utah (ABA)
| 82 || – || 34.2 || .520 || .000 || .803 || 9.8 || 1.5 || – || 1.0 || 16.4
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Utah (ABA)
| 77 || – || 32.2 || .524 || .000 || .795 || 8.0 || 1.7 || 0.8 || 0.8 || 13.4
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|L.A. Lakers
| 69 || – || 17.6 || .439 || – || .800 || 4.7 || 1.1 || 0.7 || 0.4 || 5.5
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Career
| 889 || – || 33.4 || .494 || .154 || .771 || 10.9 || 1.5 || 0.7 || 0.8 || 17.1
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| All-Star
| 5 || 1 || 24.6 || .340 || – || .789 || 9.4 || 1.2 || 0.2 || 0.4 || 9.8
Playoffs
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|1963
|style="text-align:left;"|St. Louis
|11||–||27.9||.443||–||.750||7.6||1.0||–||–||10.3
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|1964
|style="text-align:left;"|St. Louis
|12||–||36.3||.521||–||.597||9.5||1.0||–||–||14.3
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|1965
|style="text-align:left;"|St. Louis
|4||–||38.5||.492||–||.760||13.8||0.3||–||–||19.3
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|1966
|style="text-align:left;"|St. Louis
|10||–||41.8||.493||–||.759||13.1||2.2||–||–||19.0
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|1967
|style="text-align:left;"|St. Louis
|9||–||35.3||.442||–||.785||9.9||1.3||–||–||15.9
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|1968
|style="text-align:left;"|St. Louis
|6||–||39.8||.467||–||.782||13.5||2.5||–||–||21.5
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|1969
|style="text-align:left;"|Atlanta
|11||–||43.0||.432||–||.672||12.9||2.3||–||–||22.5
|-
| style="text-align:left;background:#afe6fa;"|1971†
|style="text-align:left;"|Utah (ABA)
|18||–||38.8||.536||–||.846||14.6||2.4||–||–||23.2
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|1972
|style="text-align:left;"|Utah (ABA)
|11||–||40.3||.552||–||.830||14.0||2.2||–||–||20.1
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|1973
|style="text-align:left;"|Utah (ABA)
|10||–||38.7||.552||–||.827||11.6||1.4||–||–||15.9
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|1974
|style="text-align:left;"|Utah (ABA)
|13||–||36.3||.503||–||.825||10.8||1.6||1.4||0.9||14.8
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Career
| 115 || – || 37.8 || .496 || – || .770 || 11.9 || 1.7 || 1.4 || 0.9 || 17.9
See also
Basketball in the United States
References
External links
Remember the ABA: Zelmo Beaty
Remembering Zelmo Beaty
1939 births
2013 deaths
Basketball coaches from Texas
American men's basketball players
Atlanta Hawks players
Basketball players from Texas
Deaths from cancer in Washington (state)
Centers (basketball)
Los Angeles Lakers players
National Basketball Association All-Stars
National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame inductees
People from Tyler County, Texas
Prairie View A&M Panthers basketball players
St. Louis Hawks draft picks
St. Louis Hawks players
Utah Stars players
Virginia Squires coaches | [
"Zelmo \"Big Z\" Beaty ( ; October 25, 1939 – August 27, 2013) was an American basketball player.",
"He played eight seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and four in the rival American Basketball Association (ABA).",
"A three-time ABA All-Star, Beaty was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame as a player in 2016.",
"Early life\nZelmo Beaty Jr. was born on October 25, 1939 in Hillister, Texas, a small town of 250.",
"He attended Scott High School in Woodville, Texas and played for Coach John Payton winning back to back Prairie View Interscholastic League 1A state championships in 1957 & 1958.",
"For college, Beaty attended Prairie View A&M.",
"College\n\nPrairie View A&M Panthers\n\n\"From 1958–1962 at Prairie View A&M Beaty averaged 25 points and 20 rebounds per game and was a two-time first team NAIA All-American (1960 & 1962).",
"The \"Big Z\" led Prairie View A&M to the NAIA national basketball title in 1962 and was named the Chuck Taylor Tournament MVP.\"",
"NBA\n\nSt. Louis Hawks \nHe was selected with the third pick of the 1962 National Basketball Association (NBA) Draft by the St. Louis Hawks.",
"Beaty was named to the inaugural NBA All-Rookie Team in 1963.",
"He averaged more than 20 points per game in three different seasons, and over ten rebounds per game in six of his seven seasons with the Hawks.",
"A physical player, Beaty led the NBA in personal fouls in 1962–63 and 1965–66, and tied for the league lead in disqualifications during the 1963–64 season.",
"Beaty made two NBA All-Star Game appearances in 1966 and 1968 before leaving the NBA to play in the rival American Basketball Association (ABA).",
"ABA\n\nUtah Stars \nIn his first season in the ABA, Beaty led the league in field goal percentage, was third in the league in rebounds per game, helped lead the Utah Stars to the 1971 ABA title, and was awarded the ABA Playoffs Most Valuable Player Award.",
"He played a total of four seasons with the Stars, being named to the All-ABA Second Team twice and making the ABA All-Star Game three times, before returning to the NBA as a member of the Los Angeles Lakers.",
"He also served as president of the ABA's Player Association, as well as union player representative with the Hawks.",
"Beaty retired in 1975 with combined ABA/NBA totals of 15,207 points and 9,665 rebounds.",
"He briefly served as a coach for the ABA's Virginia Squires.",
"Personal\nAfter pro ball, Beaty worked in financial planning.",
"He also worked as a substitute physical education teacher in Seattle elementary schools.",
"Beaty died from cancer on August 27, 2013 at his home in Bellevue, Washington.",
"He was 73 years old.",
"He had been married to his wife for about 50 years, and had two children.",
"Posthumous honors\nBeaty was selected to be inducted into the 2014 National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame class and the 2016 Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame class.",
"Host Josh Levin ends every episode of the Slate sports podcast Hang Up and Listen by saying, \"Remember Zelmo Beaty.\"",
"NBA/ABA career statistics\n\nRegular season \n\n|-\n| style=\"text-align:left;\"| \n| style=\"text-align:left;\"|St.",
"Louis\n| 80 || – || 24.0 || .439 || – || .717 || 8.3 || 1.1 || – || – || 10.2\n|-\n| style=\"text-align:left;\"| \n| style=\"text-align:left;\"|St.",
"Louis\n| 59 || – || 32.6 || .444 || – || .741 || 10.7 || 1.3 || – || – || 13.1\n|-\n| style=\"text-align:left;\"|\n| style=\"text-align:left;\"|St.",
"Louis\n| 80 || – || 36.5 || .482 || – || .715 || 12.1 || 1.4 || – || – || 16.9\n|-\n| style=\"text-align:left;\"|\n| style=\"text-align:left;\"|St.",
"Louis\n| 80 || – || 38.4 || .473 || – || .758 || 13.6 || 1.6 || – || – || 20.7\n|-\n| style=\"text-align:left;\"|\n| style=\"text-align:left;\"|St.",
"Louis\n| 48 || – || 34.6 || .473 || – || .758 || 10.7 || 1.3 || – || – || 17.8\n|-\n| style=\"text-align:left;\"|\n| style=\"text-align:left;\"|St.",
"Lakers\n| 69 || – || 17.6 || .439 || – || .800 || 4.7 || 1.1 || 0.7 || 0.4 || 5.5\n|- class=\"sortbottom\"\n| style=\"text-align:center;\" colspan=\"2\"| Career\n| 889 || – || 33.4 || .494 || .154 || .771 || 10.9 || 1.5 || 0.7 || 0.8 || 17.1\n\n|- class=\"sortbottom\"\n| style=\"text-align:center;\" colspan=\"2\"| All-Star\n| 5 || 1 || 24.6 || .340 || – || .789 || 9.4 || 1.2 || 0.2 || 0.4 || 9.8\n\nPlayoffs \n\n|-\n|style=\"text-align:left;\"|1963\n|style=\"text-align:left;\"|St.",
"Louis\n|11||–||27.9||.443||–||.750||7.6||1.0||–||–||10.3\n|-\n|style=\"text-align:left;\"|1964\n|style=\"text-align:left;\"|St.",
"Louis\n|12||–||36.3||.521||–||.597||9.5||1.0||–||–||14.3\n|-\n|style=\"text-align:left;\"|1965\n|style=\"text-align:left;\"|St.",
"Louis\n|4||–||38.5||.492||–||.760||13.8||0.3||–||–||19.3\n|-\n|style=\"text-align:left;\"|1966\n|style=\"text-align:left;\"|St.",
"Louis\n|10||–||41.8||.493||–||.759||13.1||2.2||–||–||19.0\n|-\n|style=\"text-align:left;\"|1967\n|style=\"text-align:left;\"|St.",
"Louis\n|9||–||35.3||.442||–||.785||9.9||1.3||–||–||15.9\n|-\n|style=\"text-align:left;\"|1968\n|style=\"text-align:left;\"|St."
] | [
"Zelmo \"Big Z\" Beaty was an American basketball player.",
"He played four seasons in the ABA and eight in the NBA.",
"A three-time ABA All-Star, Beaty was in the Basketball Hall of Fame in 2016 as a player.",
"Zelmo Beaty Jr. was born in Hillister, Texas, a small town of 250.",
"Scott High School in Woodville, Texas, where he was a student, won back to back Prairie View Interscholastic League 1A state titles in 1957 and 1958.",
"Beaty attended Prairie View A&M.",
"Beaty was a two-time first team All-American at Prairie View A&M and averaged 25 points and 20 rebound per game.",
"The \"Big Z\" led Prairie View A&M to a national basketball title in 1962, and was named the tournament's Most Valuable Player.",
"The St. Louis Hawks selected him with the third pick of the NBA draft.",
"Beaty was a member of the inaugural NBA All-Rookie Team.",
"He averaged more than 20 points per game in three of his seven seasons with the Hawks.",
"Beaty was the NBA's leader in personal fouls in the 1960's and 1960's and tied for the league lead in disqualifications in the 1960's.",
"Beaty played in the ABA before leaving the NBA to play in the NBA All-Star Game.",
"In his first season in the ABA, Beaty led the league in field goal percentage, was third in the league in rebound per game, and was awarded the ABA Playoffs Most Valuable Player Award.",
"He played four seasons with the Stars and was named to the All-ABA Second Team twice and made the ABA All-Star Game three times.",
"He was a union player representative with the Hawks and president of the ABA's Player Association.",
"Beaty retired in 1975 with a combined ABA/NBA totals of 15,206 points and 9,668 rebound.",
"He was a coach for the ABA's Virginia Squires.",
"Beaty worked in financial planning after a pro ball.",
"He was a substitute physical education teacher in Seattle.",
"Beaty died of cancer at his home in Washington.",
"He was 73 years old.",
"He had been married to his wife for 50 years and had two children.",
"Beaty was selected to be in the Basketball Hall of Fame in two years.",
"The host of Hang Up and Listen says \"Remember Zelmo Beaty\" at the end of the show.",
"NBA/ABA career statistics regular season",
"Louis 80, 24.0,.439,.717, 8.3, 1.1, and 10.2",
"Louis, 59, 32.6,.444,..............",
"Louis 80, 36.5,................",
"Louis 80, 38.4,.473,.758, 13.6, 1.6, and 20.7",
"Louis 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48.",
"Lakers 69, 18.6,.439,.800, 1.7, 0.7, 0.4, 5.5",
"Louis is a city with a population of 11.",
"Louis, 12||–, ",
"Louis, 4||–,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,",
"Louis's style is \"text-align: left\"",
"Louis, 9||–,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"
] | <mask> "Big Z" <mask> ( ; October 25, 1939 – August 27, 2013) was an American basketball player. He played eight seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and four in the rival American Basketball Association (ABA). A three-time ABA All-Star, <mask> was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame as a player in 2016. Early life
<mask>. was born on October 25, 1939 in Hillister, Texas, a small town of 250. He attended Scott High School in Woodville, Texas and played for Coach John Payton winning back to back Prairie View Interscholastic League 1A state championships in 1957 & 1958. For college, <mask> attended Prairie View A&M. College
Prairie View A&M Panthers
"From 1958–1962 at Prairie View A&M Beaty averaged 25 points and 20 rebounds per game and was a two-time first team NAIA All-American (1960 & 1962).The "Big Z" led Prairie View A&M to the NAIA national basketball title in 1962 and was named the Chuck Taylor Tournament MVP." NBA
St. Louis Hawks
He was selected with the third pick of the 1962 National Basketball Association (NBA) Draft by the St. Louis Hawks. <mask> was named to the inaugural NBA All-Rookie Team in 1963. He averaged more than 20 points per game in three different seasons, and over ten rebounds per game in six of his seven seasons with the Hawks. A physical player, Beaty led the NBA in personal fouls in 1962–63 and 1965–66, and tied for the league lead in disqualifications during the 1963–64 season. <mask> made two NBA All-Star Game appearances in 1966 and 1968 before leaving the NBA to play in the rival American Basketball Association (ABA). ABA
Utah Stars
In his first season in the ABA, Beaty led the league in field goal percentage, was third in the league in rebounds per game, helped lead the Utah Stars to the 1971 ABA title, and was awarded the ABA Playoffs Most Valuable Player Award.He played a total of four seasons with the Stars, being named to the All-ABA Second Team twice and making the ABA All-Star Game three times, before returning to the NBA as a member of the Los Angeles Lakers. He also served as president of the ABA's Player Association, as well as union player representative with the Hawks. <mask> retired in 1975 with combined ABA/NBA totals of 15,207 points and 9,665 rebounds. He briefly served as a coach for the ABA's Virginia Squires. Personal
After pro ball, Beaty worked in financial planning. He also worked as a substitute physical education teacher in Seattle elementary schools. Beaty died from cancer on August 27, 2013 at his home in Bellevue, Washington.He was 73 years old. He had been married to his wife for about 50 years, and had two children. Posthumous honors
<mask> was selected to be inducted into the 2014 National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame class and the 2016 Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame class. Host Josh Levin ends every episode of the Slate sports podcast Hang Up and Listen by saying, "Remember <mask> Beaty." NBA/ABA career statistics
Regular season
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|St. Louis
| 80 || – || 24.0 || .439 || – || .717 || 8.3 || 1.1 || – || – || 10.2
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|St. Louis
| 59 || – || 32.6 || .444 || – || .741 || 10.7 || 1.3 || – || – || 13.1
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|St.Louis
| 80 || – || 36.5 || .482 || – || .715 || 12.1 || 1.4 || – || – || 16.9
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|St. Louis
| 80 || – || 38.4 || .473 || – || .758 || 13.6 || 1.6 || – || – || 20.7
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|St. Louis
| 48 || – || 34.6 || .473 || – || .758 || 10.7 || 1.3 || – || – || 17.8
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|St. Lakers
| 69 || – || 17.6 || .439 || – || .800 || 4.7 || 1.1 || 0.7 || 0.4 || 5.5
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Career
| 889 || – || 33.4 || .494 || .154 || .771 || 10.9 || 1.5 || 0.7 || 0.8 || 17.1
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| All-Star
| 5 || 1 || 24.6 || .340 || – || .789 || 9.4 || 1.2 || 0.2 || 0.4 || 9.8
Playoffs
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|1963
|style="text-align:left;"|St. Louis
|11||–||27.9||.443||–||.750||7.6||1.0||–||–||10.3
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|1964
|style="text-align:left;"|St. Louis
|12||–||36.3||.521||–||.597||9.5||1.0||–||–||14.3
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|1965
|style="text-align:left;"|St. Louis
|4||–||38.5||.492||–||.760||13.8||0.3||–||–||19.3
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|1966
|style="text-align:left;"|St.Louis
|10||–||41.8||.493||–||.759||13.1||2.2||–||–||19.0
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|1967
|style="text-align:left;"|St. Louis
|9||–||35.3||.442||–||.785||9.9||1.3||–||–||15.9
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|1968
|style="text-align:left;"|St. | [
"Zelmo",
"Beaty",
"Beaty",
"Zelmo Beaty Jr",
"Beaty",
"Beaty",
"Beaty",
"Beaty",
"Beaty",
"Zelmo"
] | <mask> "Big Z" <mask> was an American basketball player. He played four seasons in the ABA and eight in the NBA. A three-time ABA All-Star, <mask> was in the Basketball Hall of Fame in 2016 as a player. <mask>. was born in Hillister, Texas, a small town of 250. Scott High School in Woodville, Texas, where he was a student, won back to back Prairie View Interscholastic League 1A state titles in 1957 and 1958. <mask> attended Prairie View A&M. <mask> was a two-time first team All-American at Prairie View A&M and averaged 25 points and 20 rebound per game.The "Big Z" led Prairie View A&M to a national basketball title in 1962, and was named the tournament's Most Valuable Player. The St. Louis Hawks selected him with the third pick of the NBA draft. <mask> was a member of the inaugural NBA All-Rookie Team. He averaged more than 20 points per game in three of his seven seasons with the Hawks. <mask> was the NBA's leader in personal fouls in the 1960's and 1960's and tied for the league lead in disqualifications in the 1960's. <mask> played in the ABA before leaving the NBA to play in the NBA All-Star Game. In his first season in the ABA, <mask> led the league in field goal percentage, was third in the league in rebound per game, and was awarded the ABA Playoffs Most Valuable Player Award.He played four seasons with the Stars and was named to the All-ABA Second Team twice and made the ABA All-Star Game three times. He was a union player representative with the Hawks and president of the ABA's Player Association. <mask> retired in 1975 with a combined ABA/NBA totals of 15,206 points and 9,668 rebound. He was a coach for the ABA's Virginia Squires. Beaty worked in financial planning after a pro ball. He was a substitute physical education teacher in Seattle. Beaty died of cancer at his home in Washington.He was 73 years old. He had been married to his wife for 50 years and had two children. <mask> was selected to be in the Basketball Hall of Fame in two years. The host of Hang Up and Listen says "Remember <mask> Beaty" at the end of the show. NBA/ABA career statistics regular season Louis 80, 24.0,.439,.717, 8.3, 1.1, and 10.2 Louis, 59, 32.6,.444,..............Louis 80, 36.5,................ Louis 80, 38.4,.473,.758, 13.6, 1.6, and 20.7 Louis 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48. Lakers 69, 18.6,.439,.800, 1.7, 0.7, 0.4, 5.5 Louis is a city with a population of 11. Louis, 12||–, Louis, 4||–,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Louis's style is "text-align: left" Louis, 9||–,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, | [
"Zelmo",
"Beaty",
"Beaty",
"Zelmo Beaty Jr",
"Beaty",
"Beaty",
"Beaty",
"Beaty",
"Beaty",
"Beaty",
"Beaty",
"Beaty",
"Zelmo"
] |
42422651 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20W.M.%20Hargreaves | Mary W.M. Hargreaves | Mary Wilma Massey Hargreaves (March 1, 1914 – August 29, 2008), a scholar of U.S. agricultural history, was the first woman at the University of Kentucky to reach the rank of full professor in the Department of History. Her areas of research included the agricultural history of the Northern Great Plains, dry land agriculture and land utilization. She was a Brookings Institution scholar, editor of the Henry Clay Papers and served in leadership roles in the Organization of American Historians, the Southern Historical Association; in 1975 was elected president of the Agricultural History Society. She also served as a local and state officer in the American Association of University Women.
Early life and academic background
Born on March 1, 1914, in Erie, Pennsylvania, Mary Wilma Massey was an only child. She attended East High School, and she enjoyed swimming as well as track and field sports. An excellent student she won a full scholarship to Bucknell University and graduated in 1935 with a triple major in history, English and the social studies. She earned her master's degree in history from Radcliffe College/Harvard University in 1936, and she served as a research editor at the Harvard University School of Business Administration. She began her work on the Ph.D. as a doctoral candidate at Radcliffe writing about settlement in the American West, working under an exponent of the thesis of Frederick Jackson Turner - mentored by Harvard historian Frederick Merk. While at Harvard in 1939, she became a junior fellow at the Brookings Institution, a liberal think tank in Washington, D.C.
Marriage and a career on hold
At Brookings, she met Herbert Walter "Walt" Hargreaves, who was finishing up his Ph.D. in economics from Duke University. They married on August 24, 1940, and she followed her husband when he was hired to teach at what is now the University of Texas at El Paso. Walt Hargreaves joined up during World War II, and they moved to various posts for his training. He served also as a member of the economic reconstruction delegation to Germany, and for most of the war she lived in Brooklyn, New York. Soon after the war, Walt Hargreaves was hired as a professor of economics at the University of Kentucky in Lexington.
When they arrived in Kentucky, Mary Wilma Hargreaves met Thomas D. Clark in the History Department who invited her to guest lecture in his classes on American land policy, the subject of her dissertation. Finally, in 1951, Mary Wilma Hargreaves earned her Ph.D. in history from Harvard University. She applied for a job in the University's History Department, but instead was hired as a typist for James F. Hopkins who had been working on gathering the letters and works of Henry Clay for a bound series. By 1957 with a grant from the Eli Lilly Endowment and sponsored as part of a program by the National Archives and Records Division, Hopkins was appointed editor-in-chief of the Henry Clay Papers and Hargreaves was hired as associate editor. Together they edited the first five volumes of the series.
Career as historian
Hargreaves was finally hired as a professor in the University of Kentucky History Department in 1964 to teach courses on the American frontier and economic history of the U.S. She remained associate editor of the Henry Clay Papers until 1974 when she then became co-editor and project director. She was promoted to full professor in 1973 - the first woman in the department's history to do so.
She wrote three major works, two of which focused on the economic history of the agricultural practices used in the high plains, with interpretations on the formation of national land policy and the socioeconomic problems associated with that. Her book Dry Farming the Northern Great Plains, 1900-1925 (Harvard, 1957) was a part of the prestigious Harvard Economic Studies series (Volume 101) and went through nine editions.
By the 1970s she was writing important groundbreaking articles to update and expand upon her original work on the history of the American west, broadening her analysis to include studies of women's critical roles in agriculture and the settlement of the Great Plains. She followed in Thomas D. Clark's footsteps when she won the Theodore Hallam Professor Award of the UK History Department for outstanding achievement.
She served on many boards, including the Henry Clay Memorial Foundation which acquired Ashland, the estate of Henry Clay.
Retired life and death
Hargreaves retired from the University of Kentucky in 1984 and was named professor emerita. She continued to work as a scholar and community activist, living with her husband in Lexington on Cassidy Avenue. During her retirement she produced a volume for the University Press of Kansas' American Presidency series: The Presidency of John Quincy Adams (Lawrence, Kansas, 1985). Her book Dry Farming in the Northern Great Plains: Years of Readjustment, 1920-1990 (Lawrence, Kansas, 1993) followed up on the topic of her first study and was awarded the Theodore Saloutos book prize by the Agricultural History Society. It is still widely regarded as a standard work on that topic.
She was an active member of the First United Methodist Church in Lexington and left a legacy for the Kentucky United Methodist Homes for Children and Youth. Her activism in organizations included animal rights. She especially loved her many golden retrievers. She and her husband enjoyed classical music as well as ballroom dancing at Arthur Murray studios. After a brief illness, Hargreaves died on August 29, 2008, in Lexington, Kentucky at age 94.
Besides the First United Methodist legacy, Hargreaves also upon her death endowed a general fund scholarship at the University of Nevada, Reno. A University of Kentucky Graduate School fellowship was named in her memory to provide financial support for graduate student travel, both for dissertation related research and for presentations at scholarly conferences.
Books
Selected essays and articles
References
1914 births
2008 deaths
Radcliffe College alumni
Bucknell University alumni
Women historians
Historians of the United States
Writers from Kentucky | [
"Mary Wilma Massey Hargreaves (March 1, 1914 – August 29, 2008), a scholar of U.S. agricultural history, was the first woman at the University of Kentucky to reach the rank of full professor in the Department of History.",
"Her areas of research included the agricultural history of the Northern Great Plains, dry land agriculture and land utilization.",
"She was a Brookings Institution scholar, editor of the Henry Clay Papers and served in leadership roles in the Organization of American Historians, the Southern Historical Association; in 1975 was elected president of the Agricultural History Society.",
"She also served as a local and state officer in the American Association of University Women.",
"Early life and academic background\nBorn on March 1, 1914, in Erie, Pennsylvania, Mary Wilma Massey was an only child.",
"She attended East High School, and she enjoyed swimming as well as track and field sports.",
"An excellent student she won a full scholarship to Bucknell University and graduated in 1935 with a triple major in history, English and the social studies.",
"She earned her master's degree in history from Radcliffe College/Harvard University in 1936, and she served as a research editor at the Harvard University School of Business Administration.",
"She began her work on the Ph.D. as a doctoral candidate at Radcliffe writing about settlement in the American West, working under an exponent of the thesis of Frederick Jackson Turner - mentored by Harvard historian Frederick Merk.",
"While at Harvard in 1939, she became a junior fellow at the Brookings Institution, a liberal think tank in Washington, D.C.",
"Marriage and a career on hold\nAt Brookings, she met Herbert Walter \"Walt\" Hargreaves, who was finishing up his Ph.D. in economics from Duke University.",
"They married on August 24, 1940, and she followed her husband when he was hired to teach at what is now the University of Texas at El Paso.",
"Walt Hargreaves joined up during World War II, and they moved to various posts for his training.",
"He served also as a member of the economic reconstruction delegation to Germany, and for most of the war she lived in Brooklyn, New York.",
"Soon after the war, Walt Hargreaves was hired as a professor of economics at the University of Kentucky in Lexington.",
"When they arrived in Kentucky, Mary Wilma Hargreaves met Thomas D. Clark in the History Department who invited her to guest lecture in his classes on American land policy, the subject of her dissertation.",
"Finally, in 1951, Mary Wilma Hargreaves earned her Ph.D. in history from Harvard University.",
"She applied for a job in the University's History Department, but instead was hired as a typist for James F. Hopkins who had been working on gathering the letters and works of Henry Clay for a bound series.",
"By 1957 with a grant from the Eli Lilly Endowment and sponsored as part of a program by the National Archives and Records Division, Hopkins was appointed editor-in-chief of the Henry Clay Papers and Hargreaves was hired as associate editor.",
"Together they edited the first five volumes of the series.",
"Career as historian\n\nHargreaves was finally hired as a professor in the University of Kentucky History Department in 1964 to teach courses on the American frontier and economic history of the U.S. She remained associate editor of the Henry Clay Papers until 1974 when she then became co-editor and project director.",
"She was promoted to full professor in 1973 - the first woman in the department's history to do so.",
"She wrote three major works, two of which focused on the economic history of the agricultural practices used in the high plains, with interpretations on the formation of national land policy and the socioeconomic problems associated with that.",
"Her book Dry Farming the Northern Great Plains, 1900-1925 (Harvard, 1957) was a part of the prestigious Harvard Economic Studies series (Volume 101) and went through nine editions.",
"By the 1970s she was writing important groundbreaking articles to update and expand upon her original work on the history of the American west, broadening her analysis to include studies of women's critical roles in agriculture and the settlement of the Great Plains.",
"She followed in Thomas D. Clark's footsteps when she won the Theodore Hallam Professor Award of the UK History Department for outstanding achievement.",
"She served on many boards, including the Henry Clay Memorial Foundation which acquired Ashland, the estate of Henry Clay.",
"Retired life and death\n\nHargreaves retired from the University of Kentucky in 1984 and was named professor emerita.",
"She continued to work as a scholar and community activist, living with her husband in Lexington on Cassidy Avenue.",
"During her retirement she produced a volume for the University Press of Kansas' American Presidency series: The Presidency of John Quincy Adams (Lawrence, Kansas, 1985).",
"Her book Dry Farming in the Northern Great Plains: Years of Readjustment, 1920-1990 (Lawrence, Kansas, 1993) followed up on the topic of her first study and was awarded the Theodore Saloutos book prize by the Agricultural History Society.",
"It is still widely regarded as a standard work on that topic.",
"She was an active member of the First United Methodist Church in Lexington and left a legacy for the Kentucky United Methodist Homes for Children and Youth.",
"Her activism in organizations included animal rights.",
"She especially loved her many golden retrievers.",
"She and her husband enjoyed classical music as well as ballroom dancing at Arthur Murray studios.",
"After a brief illness, Hargreaves died on August 29, 2008, in Lexington, Kentucky at age 94.",
"Besides the First United Methodist legacy, Hargreaves also upon her death endowed a general fund scholarship at the University of Nevada, Reno.",
"A University of Kentucky Graduate School fellowship was named in her memory to provide financial support for graduate student travel, both for dissertation related research and for presentations at scholarly conferences.",
"Books\n\nSelected essays and articles\n\nReferences\n\n1914 births\n2008 deaths\nRadcliffe College alumni\nBucknell University alumni\nWomen historians\nHistorians of the United States\nWriters from Kentucky"
] | [
"The first woman to reach the rank of full professor in the University of Kentucky's Department of History was a scholar of U.S. agricultural history.",
"Her research focused on the agricultural history of the Northern Great Plains.",
"She was elected president of the Agricultural History Society in 1975, after serving as editor of the Henry Clay Papers.",
"She was an officer in the American Association of University Women.",
"Mary Wilma Massey was an only child when she was born on March 1, 1914.",
"She enjoyed swimming and track and field at East High School.",
"She graduated from Bucknell University with a triple major in history, English and the social studies after winning a full scholarship.",
"She served as a research editor at the Harvard University School of Business Administration and earned her master's degree in history from Harvard University in 1936.",
"She began her work as a PhD candidate on the topic of settlement in the American West under the guidance of a Harvard historian.",
"She was a junior fellow at the Brookings in Washington, D.C. when she was at Harvard.",
"She met Herbert Walter \"Walt\" Hargreaves while he was finishing up his PhD at Duke University.",
"She followed her husband when he was hired to teach at the University of Texas at El Paso.",
"During World War II, they moved to various posts for his training.",
"He was a member of the economic reconstruction delegation to Germany and she lived in New York for most of the war.",
"After the war, Walt Hargreaves was hired as an economics professor at the University of Kentucky.",
"When they arrived in Kentucky, Mary Wilma Hargreaves met Thomas D. Clark who invited her to guest lecture in his classes on American land policy, the subject of her thesis.",
"After studying history at Harvard University, Mary Wilma Hargreaves earned her PhD in 1951.",
"She applied for a job in the University's History Department, but instead was hired as a typist for James F.Hopkins who was working on the Henry Clay bound series.",
"By 1957 with a grant from the Eli Lilly Endowment and sponsored as part of a program by the National Archives and Records Division, Hopkins was appointed editor-in-chief of the Henry Clay Papers.",
"The first five volumes of the series were edited by them.",
"In 1964 she was hired as a professor at the University of Kentucky to teach courses on the American frontier and economic history of the U.S.",
"She was the first woman in the department's history to be promoted to full professor.",
"She wrote three major works, two of which focused on the economic history of the agricultural practices used in the high plains, with interpretations on the formation of national land policy and the socio-economic problems associated with that.",
"Her book Dry Farming the Northern Great Plains was a part of the prestigious Harvard Economic Studies series and went through nine editions.",
"By the 1970s she was writing important articles to update and expand upon her original work on the history of the American west, broadening her analysis to include studies of women's critical roles in agriculture and the settlement of the Great Plains.",
"She followed in the footsteps of Thomas D. Clark when she won the Theodore Hallam Professor Award of the UK History Department.",
"She was a board member of the Henry Clay Memorial Foundation, which acquired the estate of Henry Clay.",
"In 1984 he retired from the University of Kentucky and was named professor emerita.",
"She lived with her husband on Cassidy Avenue and worked as a community activist.",
"The Presidency of John Quincy Adams was published by the University Press of Kansas.",
"Her book Dry Farming in the Northern Great Plains: Years of Readjustment was 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780",
"It is still considered a standard work on that topic.",
"She left a legacy for the Kentucky United Methodist Homes for Children and Youth because she was an active member of the First United Methodist Church.",
"Her activism included animal rights.",
"She loved her golden retrievers.",
"She and her husband enjoyed dancing at Arthur Murray studios.",
"He died in Kentucky at the age of 94 after a brief illness.",
"The general fund scholarship at the University of Nevada, Reno was endowed by Hargreaves after her death.",
"A University of Kentucky graduate school fellowship was named in her memory to provide financial support for graduate student travel, both for research and presentations.",
"Essays and articles about 1914 births, 2008 deaths, and Bucknell University alumni."
] | <mask> (March 1, 1914 – August 29, 2008), a scholar of U.S. agricultural history, was the first woman at the University of Kentucky to reach the rank of full professor in the Department of History. Her areas of research included the agricultural history of the Northern Great Plains, dry land agriculture and land utilization. She was a Brookings Institution scholar, editor of the Henry Clay Papers and served in leadership roles in the Organization of American Historians, the Southern Historical Association; in 1975 was elected president of the Agricultural History Society. She also served as a local and state officer in the American Association of University Women. Early life and academic background
Born on March 1, 1914, in Erie, Pennsylvania, <mask> was an only child. She attended East High School, and she enjoyed swimming as well as track and field sports. An excellent student she won a full scholarship to Bucknell University and graduated in 1935 with a triple major in history, English and the social studies.She earned her master's degree in history from Radcliffe College/Harvard University in 1936, and she served as a research editor at the Harvard University School of Business Administration. She began her work on the Ph.D. as a doctoral candidate at Radcliffe writing about settlement in the American West, working under an exponent of the thesis of Frederick Jackson Turner - mentored by Harvard historian Frederick Merk. While at Harvard in 1939, she became a junior fellow at the Brookings Institution, a liberal think tank in Washington, D.C. Marriage and a career on hold
At Brookings, she met Herbert Walter "Walt<mask>, who was finishing up his Ph.D. in economics from Duke University. They married on August 24, 1940, and she followed her husband when he was hired to teach at what is now the University of Texas at El Paso. <mask> joined up during World War II, and they moved to various posts for his training. He served also as a member of the economic reconstruction delegation to Germany, and for most of the war she lived in Brooklyn, New York.Soon after the war, <mask> was hired as a professor of economics at the University of Kentucky in Lexington. When they arrived in Kentucky, <mask> <mask> met Thomas D. Clark in the History Department who invited her to guest lecture in his classes on American land policy, the subject of her dissertation. Finally, in 1951, <mask> <mask> earned her Ph.D. in history from Harvard University. She applied for a job in the University's History Department, but instead was hired as a typist for James F. Hopkins who had been working on gathering the letters and works of Henry Clay for a bound series. By 1957 with a grant from the Eli Lilly Endowment and sponsored as part of a program by the National Archives and Records Division, Hopkins was appointed editor-in-chief of the Henry Clay Papers and <mask> was hired as associate editor. Together they edited the first five volumes of the series. Career as historian
<mask> was finally hired as a professor in the University of Kentucky History Department in 1964 to teach courses on the American frontier and economic history of the U.S. She remained associate editor of the Henry Clay Papers until 1974 when she then became co-editor and project director.She was promoted to full professor in 1973 - the first woman in the department's history to do so. She wrote three major works, two of which focused on the economic history of the agricultural practices used in the high plains, with interpretations on the formation of national land policy and the socioeconomic problems associated with that. Her book Dry Farming the Northern Great Plains, 1900-1925 (Harvard, 1957) was a part of the prestigious Harvard Economic Studies series (Volume 101) and went through nine editions. By the 1970s she was writing important groundbreaking articles to update and expand upon her original work on the history of the American west, broadening her analysis to include studies of women's critical roles in agriculture and the settlement of the Great Plains. She followed in Thomas D. Clark's footsteps when she won the Theodore Hallam Professor Award of the UK History Department for outstanding achievement. She served on many boards, including the Henry Clay Memorial Foundation which acquired Ashland, the estate of Henry Clay. Retired life and death
<mask> retired from the University of Kentucky in 1984 and was named professor emerita.She continued to work as a scholar and community activist, living with her husband in Lexington on Cassidy Avenue. During her retirement she produced a volume for the University Press of Kansas' American Presidency series: The Presidency of John Quincy Adams (Lawrence, Kansas, 1985). Her book Dry Farming in the Northern Great Plains: Years of Readjustment, 1920-1990 (Lawrence, Kansas, 1993) followed up on the topic of her first study and was awarded the Theodore Saloutos book prize by the Agricultural History Society. It is still widely regarded as a standard work on that topic. She was an active member of the First United Methodist Church in Lexington and left a legacy for the Kentucky United Methodist Homes for Children and Youth. Her activism in organizations included animal rights. She especially loved her many golden retrievers.She and her husband enjoyed classical music as well as ballroom dancing at Arthur Murray studios. After a brief illness, <mask> died on August 29, 2008, in Lexington, Kentucky at age 94. Besides the First United Methodist legacy, <mask> also upon her death endowed a general fund scholarship at the University of Nevada, Reno. A University of Kentucky Graduate School fellowship was named in her memory to provide financial support for graduate student travel, both for dissertation related research and for presentations at scholarly conferences. Books
Selected essays and articles
References
1914 births
2008 deaths
Radcliffe College alumni
Bucknell University alumni
Women historians
Historians of the United States
Writers from Kentucky | [
"Mary Wilma Massey Hargreaves",
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"\" Hargreaves",
"Walt Hargreaves",
"Walt Hargreaves",
"Mary Wilma",
"Hargreaves",
"Mary Wilma",
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"Hargreaves",
"Hargreaves"
] | The first woman to reach the rank of full professor in the University of Kentucky's Department of History was a scholar of U.S. agricultural history. Her research focused on the agricultural history of the Northern Great Plains. She was elected president of the Agricultural History Society in 1975, after serving as editor of the Henry Clay Papers. She was an officer in the American Association of University Women. <mask> was an only child when she was born on March 1, 1914. She enjoyed swimming and track and field at East High School. She graduated from Bucknell University with a triple major in history, English and the social studies after winning a full scholarship.She served as a research editor at the Harvard University School of Business Administration and earned her master's degree in history from Harvard University in 1936. She began her work as a PhD candidate on the topic of settlement in the American West under the guidance of a Harvard historian. She was a junior fellow at the Brookings in Washington, D.C. when she was at Harvard. She met Herbert Walter "Walt<mask> while he was finishing up his PhD at Duke University. She followed her husband when he was hired to teach at the University of Texas at El Paso. During World War II, they moved to various posts for his training. He was a member of the economic reconstruction delegation to Germany and she lived in New York for most of the war.After the war, <mask> was hired as an economics professor at the University of Kentucky. When they arrived in Kentucky, <mask> <mask> met Thomas D. Clark who invited her to guest lecture in his classes on American land policy, the subject of her thesis. After studying history at Harvard University, <mask> <mask> earned her PhD in 1951. She applied for a job in the University's History Department, but instead was hired as a typist for James F.Hopkins who was working on the Henry Clay bound series. By 1957 with a grant from the Eli Lilly Endowment and sponsored as part of a program by the National Archives and Records Division, Hopkins was appointed editor-in-chief of the Henry Clay Papers. The first five volumes of the series were edited by them. In 1964 she was hired as a professor at the University of Kentucky to teach courses on the American frontier and economic history of the U.S.She was the first woman in the department's history to be promoted to full professor. She wrote three major works, two of which focused on the economic history of the agricultural practices used in the high plains, with interpretations on the formation of national land policy and the socio-economic problems associated with that. Her book Dry Farming the Northern Great Plains was a part of the prestigious Harvard Economic Studies series and went through nine editions. By the 1970s she was writing important articles to update and expand upon her original work on the history of the American west, broadening her analysis to include studies of women's critical roles in agriculture and the settlement of the Great Plains. She followed in the footsteps of Thomas D. Clark when she won the Theodore Hallam Professor Award of the UK History Department. She was a board member of the Henry Clay Memorial Foundation, which acquired the estate of Henry Clay. In 1984 he retired from the University of Kentucky and was named professor emerita.She lived with her husband on Cassidy Avenue and worked as a community activist. The Presidency of John Quincy Adams was published by the University Press of Kansas. Her book Dry Farming in the Northern Great Plains: Years of Readjustment was 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 It is still considered a standard work on that topic. She left a legacy for the Kentucky United Methodist Homes for Children and Youth because she was an active member of the First United Methodist Church. Her activism included animal rights. She loved her golden retrievers.She and her husband enjoyed dancing at Arthur Murray studios. He died in Kentucky at the age of 94 after a brief illness. The general fund scholarship at the University of Nevada, Reno was endowed by <mask> after her death. A University of Kentucky graduate school fellowship was named in her memory to provide financial support for graduate student travel, both for research and presentations. Essays and articles about 1914 births, 2008 deaths, and Bucknell University alumni. | [
"Mary Wilma Massey",
"\" Hargreaves",
"Walt Hargreaves",
"Mary Wilma",
"Hargreaves",
"Mary Wilma",
"Hargreaves",
"Hargreaves"
] |
3708613 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abou%20Diaby | Abou Diaby | Vassiriki Abou Diaby (born 11 May 1986), known as Abou Diaby, is a French former professional footballer. He played primarily in a box to box role, adept at both attacking and defending. Described as a player who was "languid, elusive, and athletic" that could either "dribble past opponents or slip passes to team-mates". Of Ivorian descent, Diaby also possessed "superb touch" and "excellent close control". Diaby's career was hampered by numerous repetitive injuries, a problem that existed from his time in France. His physical appearance and positional preference evoked comparisons to Arsenal legend and compatriot Patrick Vieira.
Diaby was born in the 10th arrondissement of Paris, but was raised in the Parisian commune of Aubervilliers. He began his football career playing for hometown club CM Aubervilliers. In 1998, he joined Red Star Paris. A year later, Diaby was selected to attend the Clairefontaine academy. He spent four years at the academy while simultaneously training with Red Star. A year before departing Clairefontaine, Diaby moved to professional club Paris Saint-Germain. Following an administrative error by club officials which made Diaby a free agent, he joined the academy of Auxerre. He spent two years in the club's youth academy before making his professional debut in the 2004–05 season. Diaby also played in the UEFA Cup with the club. After spending the Autumn portion of the 2005–06 season with Auxerre, in January 2006, Diaby signed with English club Arsenal on a long-term contract for an undisclosed fee. He made his debut with the club that same month and scored his first goal three months later against Aston Villa. After being released from Arsenal in 2015 following persistent injury problems, Diaby signed for French Ligue 1 side Marseille. Diaby retired from football in February 2019.
Diaby is a former French youth international having earned caps at under-19 and under-21 level. Prior to playing for the senior team, he played on the under-19 team that won the 2005 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship. Diaby made his senior international debut in March 2007 in a UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying match against Lithuania. He has represented France at one major international tournament; the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Diaby participated in all three group stage matches the team played as a starter.
Personal life
Diaby was born in the 10th arrondissement of Paris, but was raised in a housing development in Aubervilliers, a northeastern suburb of Paris. He is the son of a long-distance truck driver and developed an interest into the sport of football after becoming fascinated by several players who played on the 1998 FIFA World Cup-winning team, most notably midfield stalwart Patrick Vieira, whom Diaby describes as "a monument to French football". Diaby was also adept at playing other sports such as basketball and boxing. Of Ivorian descent, Diaby is a practicing Muslim and, while growing up, developed a fascination towards the subjects of religion, philosophy, science, and astronomy. Diaby became interested in accountancy after taking a course at the age of 17, while he was at the Auxerre youth academy.
Club career
Early career
Diaby began his football career playing for hometown club CM Aubervilliers in December 1996. While at Aubervilliers, Diaby was coached by David Giguère and Alain Mboma, the latter now serving as the manager of Red Star Paris. After two years at the club, Diaby's quick progression at the amateur club led to a move to nearby semi-professional outfit Red Star Paris in Saint-Ouen. While in the club's youth academy, Diaby was supervised by youth academy director Yves-Henri Gergaud and was described by club youth coach Marco Lienel as a player who was "fairly quiet and quite frail". Diaby started his career at the club playing on its under-13 team in the Division Honneur Régionale of the Île-de-France region. After spending a year playing with Red Star, in 1999, he was selected to attend the Clairefontaine academy. While at Clairefontaine, Diaby was a part of A la Clairefontaine, a documentary series which chronicled the lives of the France's top young footballers during their time at the academy. During the series, an episode showed Diaby getting into a physical confrontation with Hatem Ben Arfa.
Auxerre
2002–2004
Towards the end of his development at Clairefontaine, Diaby departed Red Star to play domestic football with professional club Paris Saint-Germain, despite being a supporter of Marseille. He spent a year at the Camp des Loges, the club's training center, from 2001–2002. After his departure from Clairefontaine, Diaby was expected to sign a youth contract with Paris Saint-Germain. Club officials wanted to keep the player, however, the club's human resources department failed to send a "letter of commitment" to Diaby's parents ahead of 30 April 2002 deadline, which resulted in the player becoming a free agent. Diaby was hastily recruited by Auxerre scouts and he joined the club's academy ahead of the 2002–03 season. In his first season in the club's youth academy, he won the Division d'Honneur des 16 ans, the under-16 league title of the Bourgogne region.
During the 2003–04 season, Diaby alternated between playing on the club's under-19 team in the Coupe Gambardella and playing in the club's reserve team in the Championnat de France amateur, the fourth level of French football. During the reserve team season, he played on the team alongside future Arsenal teammate Bacary Sagna, as well as Younès Kaboul, Hassan Yebda, Jean-Joël Perrier-Doumbé and former Clairefontaine classmate Garra Dembélé. Diaby finished the season with the team with 11 appearances and one goal as the team finished first in its group. After the season, he signed his first professional contract with the club agreeing to a three-year deal. Manager Guy Roux subsequently promoted Diaby to the first team and assigned him the number 24 shirt.
2004–2006
Similar to the previous season, Diaby regularly trained with the first team, while concurrently featuring as a starter on the club's reserve team. He made his professional debut on 14 August 2004 appearing as a substitute in a 3–1 league win over Rennes. After making his debut for the club, Diaby spent the rest of the fall season either playing on the club's reserve team or dealing with injuries. He returned to the team in March 2005 making his European debut in the team's UEFA Cup Round of 16 first leg tie against domestic rivals Lille. Diaby appeared in both legs as a substitute as Auxerre won the round 1–0 on aggregate. The club later lost in the quarter-finals to Russian club CSKA Moscow. Diaby made his first professional start on 20 March against his former youth club Paris Saint-Germain. He played 74 minutes before being substituted out in a 1–0 loss. Diaby made three more appearances as a substitute to close out the season.
Following the season, Roux retired as manager of Auxerre after managing the club for 44 straight seasons. He was replaced with former France national team coach Jacques Santini. During the season, Diaby featured early on during the campaign, but as the season wore on, he struggled with injuries, which subsequently, led to the player failing to gain the confidence of Santini. Unlike fellow youngsters Sagna and Kaboul who were quickly establishing themselves at their respective positions, Diaby only featured in five league matches during the first half of the season. The midfielder did score his first professional goal on 10 September 2005 in a 3–1 loss to Rennes. In Europe, Diaby featured as a starter in the team's first round defeat to Bulgarian club Levski Sofia in the UEFA Cup. Midway through the campaign, Diaby was deemed surplus to requirements by management. Following the sale of the player, vice-president Gérard Bourgoin declared that, "We have always kept the young players which our coach wanted to use, but Diaby did not play, so this was a strategic sale for us."
Arsenal
2006–2009
On 13 January 2006, English club Arsenal confirmed that the club had signed Diaby on a long-term contract for an undisclosed fee, later revealed to be £2 million. Prior to joining Arsenal, the player had reportedly turned down an offer to join Arsenal's London rivals Chelsea. Upon joining Arsenal, Diaby was given the number 2 shirt, which was left vacant since the retirement of Lee Dixon. He made his club debut on 21 January 2006 appearing as a substitute in a 1–0 defeat to Everton. Three days later, he made his first start in a 2–1 Football League Cup victory over Wigan. On 21 February, Diaby made his UEFA Champions League debut appearing as a substitute in the team's Round of 16 first leg victory over Spanish club Real Madrid. Two weeks later, Diaby assisted on a goal in Arsenal's 4–0 win over Fulham. After dealing with an injury in the month of March, he returned to play in April scoring his first goal for the club in a 5–0 victory over Aston Villa on April Fools' Day 2006. He was set up for the goal by fellow club newcomer Emmanuel Adebayor.
On 1 May, Diaby suffered a severe ankle fracture after being on the receiving end of a tackle, described by the media as "horrendous", from Sunderland defender Dan Smith. After the match, Wenger described the tackle as "a bad kick and an unnecessary one" and also criticized his competitors' over-physicality, while interim Sunderland manager Kevin Ball defended Smith stating "Smith is not a malicious, dirty player and I think it's unfair to make that call on him and say he deliberately went to do it. Dan went for the ball, unfortunately Diaby was quicker than him". As a result of the injury, Diaby missed the 2006 UEFA Champions League Final, as well as the 2006 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship. He underwent three surgeries to repair the injury and was told by doctors that the injury could possibly be career-ending. Following the surgeries, he underwent eight months of rehabilitation and made his return to first team action in the 2006–07 season in a League Cup match against Liverpool. He appeared as a substitute in the match as Arsenal won 6–3. On 25 February 2007, while participating in the 2007 Football League Cup Final against Chelsea, Diaby, while attempting to clear the ball out of the Arsenal defense, accidentally kicked rival defender John Terry in the face. Unconscious, Terry was stretchered off and hospitalized, but recovered to return to the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff for the trophy presentation following Chelsea's 2–1 win. Though Arsenal lost, Diaby was credited with an assist on the team's only goal of the match, which was converted by Theo Walcott. Diaby scored his first and only goal of the campaign on 14 March in a 1–0 win over Aston Villa when he deflected in a Júlio Baptista shot. He remained a fixture within the team for the rest of the campaign, mostly as a substitute as he only started in consecutive matches once.
In Diaby's first full season with Arsenal, he scored his first goal on 22 September 2007 in the club's 5–0 win over Derby County. Three days later, he assisted on a goal in a 2–0 League Cup win over Newcastle United. In December 2007, Diaby scored goals in back-to-back matches for the first time in his career. He scored the first goal on 12 December in the team's final Champions League group stage match against Romanian club Steaua București. Arsenal won the match 2–1. Six days later, Diaby scored Arsenal's opening goal in the club's 3–2 away win over Blackburn Rovers in the League Cup. Diaby failed to chart anything statistical for the rest of the winter months aside from an assist in a 4–1 win over Everton. On 29 March 2008, Diaby was sent off for the first time in his professional career in a league match against Bolton Wanderers for a studs-up tackle on defender Grétar Steinsson. Diaby was defended by Wenger who stated "I don’t think Diaby’s tackle was malicious, it was more protective". Wenger also stated that Diaby's tackle should not be compared to what had happened to teammate Eduardo da Silva a few weeks earlier. Wenger was, subsequently, criticized by the English media for flip-flopping on the subject due to providing differing statements when Arsenal players are on the receiving end of tackles and when they are the aggressors.
After serving his red card suspension, Diaby featured in only one match in the final two months of the season. The match was the second leg of the club's quarter-final Champions League tie against Liverpool. In the match, Diaby netted the opening goal to give Arsenal, who drew 1–1 in the first leg, a 2–1 advantage. Arsenal, however, conceded four goals from Liverpool and lost the tie 5–3 on aggregate. Following the match against Liverpool, Diaby began struggling with a thigh injury. After the injury relapsed in a reserve match in late April, Diaby was ruled out for the rest of the season.
Diaby began the 2008–09 season late in the season after the thigh injury from the previous season was discovered to be more serious than first thought. He made his debut in the season on 18 October 2008 in a 3–1 win over Everton. Three days later, Diaby scored the third goal in a 5–2 Champions League group stage win over Fenerbahçe. He appeared regularly in the campaign for the first time in his Arsenal career. On 26 December 2008, Diaby scored his third career goal against Aston Villa in a 2–2 draw. The following month, he assisted on the equalising goal, scored by Robin van Persie, in the team's 1–1 draw with Everton. Diaby scored his second goal of the campaign in Arsenal's 3–1 league win against Newcastle on 21 March. He finished the season by scoring the team's third goal in the 4–1 win over Stoke City.
2009–2012
Diaby started the 2009–10 season healthy for the first time since 2007 and quickly made an impact. Playing alongside Alex Song and Cesc Fàbregas, he became part of the dynamic three-man midfield partnership. On 22 August 2009, he scored a double in a 4–1 win over Portsmouth. The following month, Diaby assisted on a goal in the team's 3–2 comeback win over Belgian club Standard Liège in the Champions League. After alternating between the bench and starting lineup for the rest of September, in November, Diaby returned to the first eleven and responding by scoring the game-winning goal in a 3–1 win over Birmingham City. Three weeks later, in the Champions League, he netted another goal in a group stage win over Dutch club AZ. On 7 November, Diaby picked up an injury in a 4–1 win over Wolverhampton Wanderers. The injury resulted in the player missing France's World Cup playoff tie with the Republic of Ireland.
Diaby grabbed his fifth goal of the season in a 3–0 win over Hull City on 19 December. He also assisted on a goal in the win. A week later, Diaby scored his fourth goal overall against Aston Villa in another 3–0 victory. In the new year, Diaby began the 2010 calendar year by assisting on goals in a 2–2 draw against Everton and a 4–2 win over Bolton. On 10 February, he scored the only goal in a victory over Liverpool. Despite failing to score a goal for the rest of the season, Diaby was ever-present in the waning moments of the season starting 12 of the final 14 matches he appeared in. He finished the campaign with career-highs in matches played, goals, and assists.
Diaby began the 2010–11 season scoring a goal and issuing an assist in the team's second match of the season against Blackpool; a 6–0 win. During a match against Bolton at the Emirates Stadium on 11 September, he was injured after a challenge by Paul Robinson. Diaby was replaced in the 72nd minute by Denílson in a 4–1 win. Due to the injury, he missed two weeks and return to the team in its 3–2 loss to West Bromwich Albion. Diaby featured primarily as a substitute after returning from the injury. On 5 February 2011, he was sent off after being adjudged to have committed violent conduct on opposing midfielder Joey Barton in a league match away to Newcastle. Prior to Diaby's expulsion, Arsenal had been leading the match 4–0. The team went on to concede four unanswered goals while playing with ten men, which resulted in the club leaving St James' Park with only a point. On 10 April, Diaby scored his second goal of the season in a 3–1 win against Blackpool.
The 2011–12 season for Diaby was blighted once again by injury problems. He made just four substitute appearances during the Premier League campaign and one in the UEFA Champions League.
2012–2015
With the departure of Alex Song ahead of the 2012–13 season, Diaby started all three of Arsenal's opening games. His performance against Liverpool saw him awarded Man of the Match by Sky Sports in Arsenal's 2–0 win at Anfield. However, he was later injured in Arsenal's 2-1 loss against Chelsea on 29 September and was substituted. On 13 January 2013, Diaby made his return against Manchester City at the Emirates Stadium. This controversial fixture in the Premier League, saw two red cards awarded, one for each team. Arsenal lost the match 2–0. Following several spells on the sidelines during February and March, it was announced on 28 March 2013 that Diaby had torn the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in his left knee and that after surgery, he would be out for approximately eight or nine months.
Arsenal announced that Diaby had changed his squad number from 2 to 24 for the 2013–14 season.
Soon it was announced that he would be out until March 2014, following further treatment on his knee.
On 11 May 2014, Diaby returned from injury as a substitute in a 2–0 win at Norwich City in Arsenal's final match of the 2013–14 Premier League season.
On 15 November 2014, according to some English newspapers, Diaby suffered a hamstring injury which would keep him off the pitch for the next three months.
On 10 June 2015, Diaby was released by Arsenal.
Marseille
In July 2015, Diaby signed for French Ligue 1 side Marseille after being out of football since leaving Arsenal in June 2015. Following continuing injury problems in the first half of the season, he made his return on 18 March 2016, coming on as a substitute in Marseille's 5–2 home defeat to Rennes. On 3 April 2016, he started in a league match against Bastia, his first league start in over three years. Diaby ultimately made just four appearances for the season across all competitions.
In October 2016, Diaby had to undergo an operation on his right ankle after suffering for weeks with persistent pain. He was ruled out for a period of four months following the surgery.
On 25 February 2019, Diaby announced that he was retiring from football, aged 32, most recently having played for Marseille in 2017. He only appeared in 214 senior career matches. He announced his retirement on French television channel RMC's. Diaby said, "I am bringing an end to my professional career. It is the right time. For a number of years it has been difficult for me to return, with a lot of physical problems. It is a difficult decision but I have thought a lot about my decision and I am at ease with it. After Marseille, I gave myself a year to come back but it was harder than I thought, and I have decided to stop."
International career
Youth
Diaby played under manager Jean Gallice. Gallice, initially, called up Diaby at under-18 level for a match against Greece in November 2003. Diaby, however, was forced to withdraw from the squad after suffering an injury while playing domestically. He made his youth international debut at under-19 level in a 2–1 friendly match win over Turkey. In qualifying for the 2005 European Under-19 Football Championship, Diaby appeared in all six matches as France finished both the first qualifying round and the Elite Round undefeated. In the tournament, he missed the team's opening 1–1 group stage draw with England due to suspension, but returned to the starting lineup in the team's 3–1 victory over Norway in the second group stage match. Diaby, subsequently, started every remaining match, including the championship match against England. France won the match 3–1 giving the nation its sixth under-19 title and Diaby his first international honor. In total with the under-19 team, he featured in 12 matches and scored no goals. At under-21 level, Diaby made his debut on 28 February 2006 in a friendly match against Slovakia. He appeared as a substitute as France won the match 2–1. Due to suffering a fractured ankle domestically, Diaby missed the 2006 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship. Due to repetitive injuries, he missed every qualifier for the 2007 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship and made only one more appearance for the team, which occurred in a 1–1 draw in a friendly match with Armenia.
Senior
On 15 March 2007, Diaby was called up to the senior team for the first time by coach Raymond Domenech for UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying match against Lithuania and a friendly against Austria. He described the call-up as a "huge surprise" primarily because he has just returned from his ankle fracture just two months prior. Diaby made his senior international debut in the qualifier against Lithuania appearing as a substitute for Florent Malouda. He earned his first international start in the ensuing match against Austria; the game ending in a 1–0 victory for France. Following the Austria match, Diaby went without an appearance for France for three years. The midfielder experienced several call ups to the team during the three years, but either withdrew from the squad due to injury or was not preferred by Domenech for a match. Despite this, Diaby was named to Domenech's 30-man preliminary squad to participate in the 2010 FIFA World Cup. He made his return to the international scene in the team's 2–1 friendly match win over Costa Rica. Diaby was later named to the 23-man team to serve as a possible backup in the holding midfield role.
Ahead of the competition, it was reported that Domenech was considering changing up the style of play in the team's 4–3–3 formation with Malouda possibly moving from the winger role into the midfield. Following Malouda's relegation to the bench for insubordination, Diaby was inserted in his place and made his World Cup debut in the team's opening group stage match against Uruguay. The match ended 0–0 with Diaby playing the entire match. He was credited by Scottish newspaper The Scotsman as being the team's best performer in the goalless draw. Diaby featured as a starter in both of France's remaining group stage matches against Mexico and South Africa. France lost both matches as the competition ultimately ended in disastrous competitively and personally due to the players going on strike in response to its disagreement over the expulsion of striker Nicolas Anelka from the team. As a result of the players' mutiny, Diaby, along with the 22 other members of the team, were suspended for the team's friendly match against Norway.
Under manager Laurent Blanc, Diaby was penciled in as a starter in the team's first two competitive matches of the new season. After playing the entire match in a 2–0 victory over Luxembourg, he missed the victory against England due to injury. Diaby returned to the team for its 9 February 2011 friendly against Brazil. He appeared as a second-half substitute for Yann M'Vila as France cruised to a 1–0 win. In March 2011, Diaby was called back into the team for matches against Luxembourg and Croatia, but, for the second time in the season, withdrew from the team due to injury. He returned to the team in June 2011 for a UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying match against Belarus and friendly matches against Poland and the Ukraine. Diaby featured in all three matches. Due to injuries during the 2011–12 season, he missed UEFA Euro 2012.
After over a year without an appearance at international level, Diaby returned to the national team in September 2012 under new manager Didier Deschamps. In his first appearance since June 2011, he scored his first international goal in a 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification match against Finland.
Style of play
Diaby is often described as a typical box-to-box midfielder; a midfielder who is adept both offensively and defensively. While he can play as a defensive midfielder, Diaby has often attempted to distance himself from that position, admitting that "I am better if I have a holding midfielder with me". His club manager Arsène Wenger describes him similarly stating "He (Diaby) is more of an offensive player. He is not a defensive-minded player and he's not a holding player. He's a player who crosses the field at ease, goes from box to box like it's no distance and has good power as well". During his early years with Auxerre, he was often used as an attacking midfielder or a support striker due to his technical ability, close control, and dexterity to dribble past opponents or slip passes to teammates.
Upon signing with Arsenal, club manager Wenger likened the player to former club player Patrick Vieira. Wenger compared the two primarily because of the similarities between each player's physical appearance and positional preference. While the two are similar in appearance, Diaby has admitted that there are huge differences, stating, "I think maybe I am more attack-minded, a more technical player," and, "Vieira is much more aggressive. He makes more of a physical impact in a game, in midfield. He is amazing. I don’t think I have this quality yet. I think I can develop in that way but he is much stronger." In 2009, Wenger echoed Diaby's sentiments, stating, "I believe Vieira was more of a passer of the ball. Diaby is more of a dribbler, more offensive and makes more penetrating runs. Vieira was more of a constructor. They have a similar elegance and type of play but are not completely comparable".
Diaby was often described as being injury-prone. After returning from a fractured ankle injury in late 2006, the midfielder endured persistent niggling injuries that resulted in Diaby failing to play a full season for Arsenal. During his second season at Auxerre, a season in which he was expected to get some significant playing time, Diaby failed to gain the confidence of manager Jacques Santini primarily due to repetitive injuries he endured during the autumn portion of the 2005–06 season. After returning to the team, Diaby struggled to return to form, which ultimately resulted in his sale to Arsenal. His highest output for appearances with Arsenal came in the 2009–10 season when he played in 40 matches of Arsenal's total of 55 competitive matches in the season.
Career statistics
Club
International
Scores and results list France's goal tally first, score column indicates score after Diaby goal.
Honours
Arsenal
FA Cup: 2013–14
Football League Cup runner-up: 2006–07
France U19
UEFA European Under-19 Championship: 2005
References
External links
Official foundation page
Premier League profile
1986 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Aubervilliers
Footballers from Paris
French footballers
France youth international footballers
France under-21 international footballers
France international footballers
Association football midfielders
FCM Aubervilliers players
Red Star F.C. players
Paris Saint-Germain F.C. players
INF Clairefontaine players
AJ Auxerre players
Arsenal F.C. players
Olympique de Marseille players
Ligue 1 players
Premier League players
2010 FIFA World Cup players
French expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in England
French expatriate sportspeople in England
French people of Ivorian descent
Black French sportspeople
French Muslims | [
"Vassiriki Abou Diaby (born 11 May 1986), known as Abou Diaby, is a French former professional footballer.",
"He played primarily in a box to box role, adept at both attacking and defending.",
"Described as a player who was \"languid, elusive, and athletic\" that could either \"dribble past opponents or slip passes to team-mates\".",
"Of Ivorian descent, Diaby also possessed \"superb touch\" and \"excellent close control\".",
"Diaby's career was hampered by numerous repetitive injuries, a problem that existed from his time in France.",
"His physical appearance and positional preference evoked comparisons to Arsenal legend and compatriot Patrick Vieira.",
"Diaby was born in the 10th arrondissement of Paris, but was raised in the Parisian commune of Aubervilliers.",
"He began his football career playing for hometown club CM Aubervilliers.",
"In 1998, he joined Red Star Paris.",
"A year later, Diaby was selected to attend the Clairefontaine academy.",
"He spent four years at the academy while simultaneously training with Red Star.",
"A year before departing Clairefontaine, Diaby moved to professional club Paris Saint-Germain.",
"Following an administrative error by club officials which made Diaby a free agent, he joined the academy of Auxerre.",
"He spent two years in the club's youth academy before making his professional debut in the 2004–05 season.",
"Diaby also played in the UEFA Cup with the club.",
"After spending the Autumn portion of the 2005–06 season with Auxerre, in January 2006, Diaby signed with English club Arsenal on a long-term contract for an undisclosed fee.",
"He made his debut with the club that same month and scored his first goal three months later against Aston Villa.",
"After being released from Arsenal in 2015 following persistent injury problems, Diaby signed for French Ligue 1 side Marseille.",
"Diaby retired from football in February 2019.",
"Diaby is a former French youth international having earned caps at under-19 and under-21 level.",
"Prior to playing for the senior team, he played on the under-19 team that won the 2005 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship.",
"Diaby made his senior international debut in March 2007 in a UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying match against Lithuania.",
"He has represented France at one major international tournament; the 2010 FIFA World Cup.",
"Diaby participated in all three group stage matches the team played as a starter.",
"Personal life \nDiaby was born in the 10th arrondissement of Paris, but was raised in a housing development in Aubervilliers, a northeastern suburb of Paris.",
"He is the son of a long-distance truck driver and developed an interest into the sport of football after becoming fascinated by several players who played on the 1998 FIFA World Cup-winning team, most notably midfield stalwart Patrick Vieira, whom Diaby describes as \"a monument to French football\".",
"Diaby was also adept at playing other sports such as basketball and boxing.",
"Of Ivorian descent, Diaby is a practicing Muslim and, while growing up, developed a fascination towards the subjects of religion, philosophy, science, and astronomy.",
"Diaby became interested in accountancy after taking a course at the age of 17, while he was at the Auxerre youth academy.",
"Club career\n\nEarly career \nDiaby began his football career playing for hometown club CM Aubervilliers in December 1996.",
"While at Aubervilliers, Diaby was coached by David Giguère and Alain Mboma, the latter now serving as the manager of Red Star Paris.",
"After two years at the club, Diaby's quick progression at the amateur club led to a move to nearby semi-professional outfit Red Star Paris in Saint-Ouen.",
"While in the club's youth academy, Diaby was supervised by youth academy director Yves-Henri Gergaud and was described by club youth coach Marco Lienel as a player who was \"fairly quiet and quite frail\".",
"Diaby started his career at the club playing on its under-13 team in the Division Honneur Régionale of the Île-de-France region.",
"After spending a year playing with Red Star, in 1999, he was selected to attend the Clairefontaine academy.",
"While at Clairefontaine, Diaby was a part of A la Clairefontaine, a documentary series which chronicled the lives of the France's top young footballers during their time at the academy.",
"During the series, an episode showed Diaby getting into a physical confrontation with Hatem Ben Arfa.",
"Auxerre\n\n2002–2004 \nTowards the end of his development at Clairefontaine, Diaby departed Red Star to play domestic football with professional club Paris Saint-Germain, despite being a supporter of Marseille.",
"He spent a year at the Camp des Loges, the club's training center, from 2001–2002.",
"After his departure from Clairefontaine, Diaby was expected to sign a youth contract with Paris Saint-Germain.",
"Club officials wanted to keep the player, however, the club's human resources department failed to send a \"letter of commitment\" to Diaby's parents ahead of 30 April 2002 deadline, which resulted in the player becoming a free agent.",
"Diaby was hastily recruited by Auxerre scouts and he joined the club's academy ahead of the 2002–03 season.",
"In his first season in the club's youth academy, he won the Division d'Honneur des 16 ans, the under-16 league title of the Bourgogne region.",
"During the 2003–04 season, Diaby alternated between playing on the club's under-19 team in the Coupe Gambardella and playing in the club's reserve team in the Championnat de France amateur, the fourth level of French football.",
"During the reserve team season, he played on the team alongside future Arsenal teammate Bacary Sagna, as well as Younès Kaboul, Hassan Yebda, Jean-Joël Perrier-Doumbé and former Clairefontaine classmate Garra Dembélé.",
"Diaby finished the season with the team with 11 appearances and one goal as the team finished first in its group.",
"After the season, he signed his first professional contract with the club agreeing to a three-year deal.",
"Manager Guy Roux subsequently promoted Diaby to the first team and assigned him the number 24 shirt.",
"2004–2006 \n\nSimilar to the previous season, Diaby regularly trained with the first team, while concurrently featuring as a starter on the club's reserve team.",
"He made his professional debut on 14 August 2004 appearing as a substitute in a 3–1 league win over Rennes.",
"After making his debut for the club, Diaby spent the rest of the fall season either playing on the club's reserve team or dealing with injuries.",
"He returned to the team in March 2005 making his European debut in the team's UEFA Cup Round of 16 first leg tie against domestic rivals Lille.",
"Diaby appeared in both legs as a substitute as Auxerre won the round 1–0 on aggregate.",
"The club later lost in the quarter-finals to Russian club CSKA Moscow.",
"Diaby made his first professional start on 20 March against his former youth club Paris Saint-Germain.",
"He played 74 minutes before being substituted out in a 1–0 loss.",
"Diaby made three more appearances as a substitute to close out the season.",
"Following the season, Roux retired as manager of Auxerre after managing the club for 44 straight seasons.",
"He was replaced with former France national team coach Jacques Santini.",
"During the season, Diaby featured early on during the campaign, but as the season wore on, he struggled with injuries, which subsequently, led to the player failing to gain the confidence of Santini.",
"Unlike fellow youngsters Sagna and Kaboul who were quickly establishing themselves at their respective positions, Diaby only featured in five league matches during the first half of the season.",
"The midfielder did score his first professional goal on 10 September 2005 in a 3–1 loss to Rennes.",
"In Europe, Diaby featured as a starter in the team's first round defeat to Bulgarian club Levski Sofia in the UEFA Cup.",
"Midway through the campaign, Diaby was deemed surplus to requirements by management.",
"Following the sale of the player, vice-president Gérard Bourgoin declared that, \"We have always kept the young players which our coach wanted to use, but Diaby did not play, so this was a strategic sale for us.\"",
"Arsenal\n\n2006–2009 \n\nOn 13 January 2006, English club Arsenal confirmed that the club had signed Diaby on a long-term contract for an undisclosed fee, later revealed to be £2 million.",
"Prior to joining Arsenal, the player had reportedly turned down an offer to join Arsenal's London rivals Chelsea.",
"Upon joining Arsenal, Diaby was given the number 2 shirt, which was left vacant since the retirement of Lee Dixon.",
"He made his club debut on 21 January 2006 appearing as a substitute in a 1–0 defeat to Everton.",
"Three days later, he made his first start in a 2–1 Football League Cup victory over Wigan.",
"On 21 February, Diaby made his UEFA Champions League debut appearing as a substitute in the team's Round of 16 first leg victory over Spanish club Real Madrid.",
"Two weeks later, Diaby assisted on a goal in Arsenal's 4–0 win over Fulham.",
"After dealing with an injury in the month of March, he returned to play in April scoring his first goal for the club in a 5–0 victory over Aston Villa on April Fools' Day 2006.",
"He was set up for the goal by fellow club newcomer Emmanuel Adebayor.",
"On 1 May, Diaby suffered a severe ankle fracture after being on the receiving end of a tackle, described by the media as \"horrendous\", from Sunderland defender Dan Smith.",
"After the match, Wenger described the tackle as \"a bad kick and an unnecessary one\" and also criticized his competitors' over-physicality, while interim Sunderland manager Kevin Ball defended Smith stating \"Smith is not a malicious, dirty player and I think it's unfair to make that call on him and say he deliberately went to do it.",
"Dan went for the ball, unfortunately Diaby was quicker than him\".",
"As a result of the injury, Diaby missed the 2006 UEFA Champions League Final, as well as the 2006 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship.",
"He underwent three surgeries to repair the injury and was told by doctors that the injury could possibly be career-ending.",
"Following the surgeries, he underwent eight months of rehabilitation and made his return to first team action in the 2006–07 season in a League Cup match against Liverpool.",
"He appeared as a substitute in the match as Arsenal won 6–3.",
"On 25 February 2007, while participating in the 2007 Football League Cup Final against Chelsea, Diaby, while attempting to clear the ball out of the Arsenal defense, accidentally kicked rival defender John Terry in the face.",
"Unconscious, Terry was stretchered off and hospitalized, but recovered to return to the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff for the trophy presentation following Chelsea's 2–1 win.",
"Though Arsenal lost, Diaby was credited with an assist on the team's only goal of the match, which was converted by Theo Walcott.",
"Diaby scored his first and only goal of the campaign on 14 March in a 1–0 win over Aston Villa when he deflected in a Júlio Baptista shot.",
"He remained a fixture within the team for the rest of the campaign, mostly as a substitute as he only started in consecutive matches once.",
"In Diaby's first full season with Arsenal, he scored his first goal on 22 September 2007 in the club's 5–0 win over Derby County.",
"Three days later, he assisted on a goal in a 2–0 League Cup win over Newcastle United.",
"In December 2007, Diaby scored goals in back-to-back matches for the first time in his career.",
"He scored the first goal on 12 December in the team's final Champions League group stage match against Romanian club Steaua București.",
"Arsenal won the match 2–1.",
"Six days later, Diaby scored Arsenal's opening goal in the club's 3–2 away win over Blackburn Rovers in the League Cup.",
"Diaby failed to chart anything statistical for the rest of the winter months aside from an assist in a 4–1 win over Everton.",
"On 29 March 2008, Diaby was sent off for the first time in his professional career in a league match against Bolton Wanderers for a studs-up tackle on defender Grétar Steinsson.",
"Diaby was defended by Wenger who stated \"I don’t think Diaby’s tackle was malicious, it was more protective\".",
"Wenger also stated that Diaby's tackle should not be compared to what had happened to teammate Eduardo da Silva a few weeks earlier.",
"Wenger was, subsequently, criticized by the English media for flip-flopping on the subject due to providing differing statements when Arsenal players are on the receiving end of tackles and when they are the aggressors.",
"After serving his red card suspension, Diaby featured in only one match in the final two months of the season.",
"The match was the second leg of the club's quarter-final Champions League tie against Liverpool.",
"In the match, Diaby netted the opening goal to give Arsenal, who drew 1–1 in the first leg, a 2–1 advantage.",
"Arsenal, however, conceded four goals from Liverpool and lost the tie 5–3 on aggregate.",
"Following the match against Liverpool, Diaby began struggling with a thigh injury.",
"After the injury relapsed in a reserve match in late April, Diaby was ruled out for the rest of the season.",
"Diaby began the 2008–09 season late in the season after the thigh injury from the previous season was discovered to be more serious than first thought.",
"He made his debut in the season on 18 October 2008 in a 3–1 win over Everton.",
"Three days later, Diaby scored the third goal in a 5–2 Champions League group stage win over Fenerbahçe.",
"He appeared regularly in the campaign for the first time in his Arsenal career.",
"On 26 December 2008, Diaby scored his third career goal against Aston Villa in a 2–2 draw.",
"The following month, he assisted on the equalising goal, scored by Robin van Persie, in the team's 1–1 draw with Everton.",
"Diaby scored his second goal of the campaign in Arsenal's 3–1 league win against Newcastle on 21 March.",
"He finished the season by scoring the team's third goal in the 4–1 win over Stoke City.",
"2009–2012 \n\nDiaby started the 2009–10 season healthy for the first time since 2007 and quickly made an impact.",
"Playing alongside Alex Song and Cesc Fàbregas, he became part of the dynamic three-man midfield partnership.",
"On 22 August 2009, he scored a double in a 4–1 win over Portsmouth.",
"The following month, Diaby assisted on a goal in the team's 3–2 comeback win over Belgian club Standard Liège in the Champions League.",
"After alternating between the bench and starting lineup for the rest of September, in November, Diaby returned to the first eleven and responding by scoring the game-winning goal in a 3–1 win over Birmingham City.",
"Three weeks later, in the Champions League, he netted another goal in a group stage win over Dutch club AZ.",
"On 7 November, Diaby picked up an injury in a 4–1 win over Wolverhampton Wanderers.",
"The injury resulted in the player missing France's World Cup playoff tie with the Republic of Ireland.",
"Diaby grabbed his fifth goal of the season in a 3–0 win over Hull City on 19 December.",
"He also assisted on a goal in the win.",
"A week later, Diaby scored his fourth goal overall against Aston Villa in another 3–0 victory.",
"In the new year, Diaby began the 2010 calendar year by assisting on goals in a 2–2 draw against Everton and a 4–2 win over Bolton.",
"On 10 February, he scored the only goal in a victory over Liverpool.",
"Despite failing to score a goal for the rest of the season, Diaby was ever-present in the waning moments of the season starting 12 of the final 14 matches he appeared in.",
"He finished the campaign with career-highs in matches played, goals, and assists.",
"Diaby began the 2010–11 season scoring a goal and issuing an assist in the team's second match of the season against Blackpool; a 6–0 win.",
"During a match against Bolton at the Emirates Stadium on 11 September, he was injured after a challenge by Paul Robinson.",
"Diaby was replaced in the 72nd minute by Denílson in a 4–1 win.",
"Due to the injury, he missed two weeks and return to the team in its 3–2 loss to West Bromwich Albion.",
"Diaby featured primarily as a substitute after returning from the injury.",
"On 5 February 2011, he was sent off after being adjudged to have committed violent conduct on opposing midfielder Joey Barton in a league match away to Newcastle.",
"Prior to Diaby's expulsion, Arsenal had been leading the match 4–0.",
"The team went on to concede four unanswered goals while playing with ten men, which resulted in the club leaving St James' Park with only a point.",
"On 10 April, Diaby scored his second goal of the season in a 3–1 win against Blackpool.",
"The 2011–12 season for Diaby was blighted once again by injury problems.",
"He made just four substitute appearances during the Premier League campaign and one in the UEFA Champions League.",
"2012–2015 \nWith the departure of Alex Song ahead of the 2012–13 season, Diaby started all three of Arsenal's opening games.",
"His performance against Liverpool saw him awarded Man of the Match by Sky Sports in Arsenal's 2–0 win at Anfield.",
"However, he was later injured in Arsenal's 2-1 loss against Chelsea on 29 September and was substituted.",
"On 13 January 2013, Diaby made his return against Manchester City at the Emirates Stadium.",
"This controversial fixture in the Premier League, saw two red cards awarded, one for each team.",
"Arsenal lost the match 2–0.",
"Following several spells on the sidelines during February and March, it was announced on 28 March 2013 that Diaby had torn the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in his left knee and that after surgery, he would be out for approximately eight or nine months.",
"Arsenal announced that Diaby had changed his squad number from 2 to 24 for the 2013–14 season.",
"Soon it was announced that he would be out until March 2014, following further treatment on his knee.",
"On 11 May 2014, Diaby returned from injury as a substitute in a 2–0 win at Norwich City in Arsenal's final match of the 2013–14 Premier League season.",
"On 15 November 2014, according to some English newspapers, Diaby suffered a hamstring injury which would keep him off the pitch for the next three months.",
"On 10 June 2015, Diaby was released by Arsenal.",
"Marseille\nIn July 2015, Diaby signed for French Ligue 1 side Marseille after being out of football since leaving Arsenal in June 2015.",
"Following continuing injury problems in the first half of the season, he made his return on 18 March 2016, coming on as a substitute in Marseille's 5–2 home defeat to Rennes.",
"On 3 April 2016, he started in a league match against Bastia, his first league start in over three years.",
"Diaby ultimately made just four appearances for the season across all competitions.",
"In October 2016, Diaby had to undergo an operation on his right ankle after suffering for weeks with persistent pain.",
"He was ruled out for a period of four months following the surgery.",
"On 25 February 2019, Diaby announced that he was retiring from football, aged 32, most recently having played for Marseille in 2017.",
"He only appeared in 214 senior career matches.",
"He announced his retirement on French television channel RMC's.",
"Diaby said, \"I am bringing an end to my professional career.",
"It is the right time.",
"For a number of years it has been difficult for me to return, with a lot of physical problems.",
"It is a difficult decision but I have thought a lot about my decision and I am at ease with it.",
"After Marseille, I gave myself a year to come back but it was harder than I thought, and I have decided to stop.\"",
"International career\n\nYouth \nDiaby played under manager Jean Gallice.",
"Gallice, initially, called up Diaby at under-18 level for a match against Greece in November 2003.",
"Diaby, however, was forced to withdraw from the squad after suffering an injury while playing domestically.",
"He made his youth international debut at under-19 level in a 2–1 friendly match win over Turkey.",
"In qualifying for the 2005 European Under-19 Football Championship, Diaby appeared in all six matches as France finished both the first qualifying round and the Elite Round undefeated.",
"In the tournament, he missed the team's opening 1–1 group stage draw with England due to suspension, but returned to the starting lineup in the team's 3–1 victory over Norway in the second group stage match.",
"Diaby, subsequently, started every remaining match, including the championship match against England.",
"France won the match 3–1 giving the nation its sixth under-19 title and Diaby his first international honor.",
"In total with the under-19 team, he featured in 12 matches and scored no goals.",
"At under-21 level, Diaby made his debut on 28 February 2006 in a friendly match against Slovakia.",
"He appeared as a substitute as France won the match 2–1.",
"Due to suffering a fractured ankle domestically, Diaby missed the 2006 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship.",
"Due to repetitive injuries, he missed every qualifier for the 2007 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship and made only one more appearance for the team, which occurred in a 1–1 draw in a friendly match with Armenia.",
"Senior \nOn 15 March 2007, Diaby was called up to the senior team for the first time by coach Raymond Domenech for UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying match against Lithuania and a friendly against Austria.",
"He described the call-up as a \"huge surprise\" primarily because he has just returned from his ankle fracture just two months prior.",
"Diaby made his senior international debut in the qualifier against Lithuania appearing as a substitute for Florent Malouda.",
"He earned his first international start in the ensuing match against Austria; the game ending in a 1–0 victory for France.",
"Following the Austria match, Diaby went without an appearance for France for three years.",
"The midfielder experienced several call ups to the team during the three years, but either withdrew from the squad due to injury or was not preferred by Domenech for a match.",
"Despite this, Diaby was named to Domenech's 30-man preliminary squad to participate in the 2010 FIFA World Cup.",
"He made his return to the international scene in the team's 2–1 friendly match win over Costa Rica.",
"Diaby was later named to the 23-man team to serve as a possible backup in the holding midfield role.",
"Ahead of the competition, it was reported that Domenech was considering changing up the style of play in the team's 4–3–3 formation with Malouda possibly moving from the winger role into the midfield.",
"Following Malouda's relegation to the bench for insubordination, Diaby was inserted in his place and made his World Cup debut in the team's opening group stage match against Uruguay.",
"The match ended 0–0 with Diaby playing the entire match.",
"He was credited by Scottish newspaper The Scotsman as being the team's best performer in the goalless draw.",
"Diaby featured as a starter in both of France's remaining group stage matches against Mexico and South Africa.",
"France lost both matches as the competition ultimately ended in disastrous competitively and personally due to the players going on strike in response to its disagreement over the expulsion of striker Nicolas Anelka from the team.",
"As a result of the players' mutiny, Diaby, along with the 22 other members of the team, were suspended for the team's friendly match against Norway.",
"Under manager Laurent Blanc, Diaby was penciled in as a starter in the team's first two competitive matches of the new season.",
"After playing the entire match in a 2–0 victory over Luxembourg, he missed the victory against England due to injury.",
"Diaby returned to the team for its 9 February 2011 friendly against Brazil.",
"He appeared as a second-half substitute for Yann M'Vila as France cruised to a 1–0 win.",
"In March 2011, Diaby was called back into the team for matches against Luxembourg and Croatia, but, for the second time in the season, withdrew from the team due to injury.",
"He returned to the team in June 2011 for a UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying match against Belarus and friendly matches against Poland and the Ukraine.",
"Diaby featured in all three matches.",
"Due to injuries during the 2011–12 season, he missed UEFA Euro 2012.",
"After over a year without an appearance at international level, Diaby returned to the national team in September 2012 under new manager Didier Deschamps.",
"In his first appearance since June 2011, he scored his first international goal in a 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification match against Finland.",
"Style of play \n\nDiaby is often described as a typical box-to-box midfielder; a midfielder who is adept both offensively and defensively.",
"While he can play as a defensive midfielder, Diaby has often attempted to distance himself from that position, admitting that \"I am better if I have a holding midfielder with me\".",
"His club manager Arsène Wenger describes him similarly stating \"He (Diaby) is more of an offensive player.",
"He is not a defensive-minded player and he's not a holding player.",
"He's a player who crosses the field at ease, goes from box to box like it's no distance and has good power as well\".",
"During his early years with Auxerre, he was often used as an attacking midfielder or a support striker due to his technical ability, close control, and dexterity to dribble past opponents or slip passes to teammates.",
"Upon signing with Arsenal, club manager Wenger likened the player to former club player Patrick Vieira.",
"Wenger compared the two primarily because of the similarities between each player's physical appearance and positional preference.",
"While the two are similar in appearance, Diaby has admitted that there are huge differences, stating, \"I think maybe I am more attack-minded, a more technical player,\" and, \"Vieira is much more aggressive.",
"He makes more of a physical impact in a game, in midfield.",
"He is amazing.",
"I don’t think I have this quality yet.",
"I think I can develop in that way but he is much stronger.\"",
"In 2009, Wenger echoed Diaby's sentiments, stating, \"I believe Vieira was more of a passer of the ball.",
"Diaby is more of a dribbler, more offensive and makes more penetrating runs.",
"Vieira was more of a constructor.",
"They have a similar elegance and type of play but are not completely comparable\".",
"Diaby was often described as being injury-prone.",
"After returning from a fractured ankle injury in late 2006, the midfielder endured persistent niggling injuries that resulted in Diaby failing to play a full season for Arsenal.",
"During his second season at Auxerre, a season in which he was expected to get some significant playing time, Diaby failed to gain the confidence of manager Jacques Santini primarily due to repetitive injuries he endured during the autumn portion of the 2005–06 season.",
"After returning to the team, Diaby struggled to return to form, which ultimately resulted in his sale to Arsenal.",
"His highest output for appearances with Arsenal came in the 2009–10 season when he played in 40 matches of Arsenal's total of 55 competitive matches in the season.",
"Career statistics\n\nClub\n\nInternational \n\nScores and results list France's goal tally first, score column indicates score after Diaby goal.",
"Honours \nArsenal\n FA Cup: 2013–14\n Football League Cup runner-up: 2006–07\n\nFrance U19\n UEFA European Under-19 Championship: 2005\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Official foundation page\n Premier League profile\n\n1986 births\nLiving people\nSportspeople from Aubervilliers\nFootballers from Paris\nFrench footballers\nFrance youth international footballers\nFrance under-21 international footballers\nFrance international footballers\nAssociation football midfielders\nFCM Aubervilliers players\nRed Star F.C.",
"players\nParis Saint-Germain F.C.",
"players\nINF Clairefontaine players\nAJ Auxerre players\nArsenal F.C.",
"players\nOlympique de Marseille players\nLigue 1 players\nPremier League players\n2010 FIFA World Cup players\nFrench expatriate footballers\nExpatriate footballers in England\nFrench expatriate sportspeople in England\nFrench people of Ivorian descent\nBlack French sportspeople\nFrench Muslims"
] | [
"Abou Diaby is a French former professional footballer.",
"He played in a box to box role and excelled at both attacking and defending.",
"A player who was \"languid, elusive, and athletic\" could either dribble past opponents or slip passes to team-mates.",
"Diaby had \"superb touch\" and \"excellent close control\" of Ivorian descent.",
"From his time in France, there was a problem with repetitive injuries that hampered Diaby's career.",
"His physical appearance and preference for a certain position evoked comparisons to Patrick Vieira.",
"The 10th arrondissement of Paris is where Diaby was born.",
"He started his football career at CM Aubervilliers.",
"He joined Red Star Paris in 1998.",
"Diaby was selected to attend the academy a year later.",
"He trained with Red Star while at the academy.",
"Diaby moved to Paris Saint-Germain a year before he left.",
"After an administrative error made him a free agent, he joined the academy of Auxerre.",
"He made his professional debut in the 2004–05 season after two years in the club's youth academy.",
"The club had Diaby play in the cup.",
"After spending the Autumn portion of the 2005–06 season with Auxerre, Diaby signed with English clubArsenal on a long-term contract for an undisclosed fee.",
"He scored his first goal for the club three months later against Villa.",
"After a long battle with injuries, Diaby signed for French side Marseille.",
"The football player retired in February of 2019.",
"A former French youth international, Diaby earned caps at under-19 and under-21 level.",
"He played for the under-19 team that won the 2005 European Under-19 Football Championship.",
"In March 2007, Diaby made his senior international debut.",
"He played in the 2010 World Cup for France.",
"The team played as a starter in all three group stage matches.",
"Diaby was raised in a housing development in Aubervilliers, a northeastern suburb of Paris, but was born in the 10th arrondissement of Paris.",
"He is the son of a long-distance truck driver and developed an interest in the sport of football after becoming fascinated by several players who played on the 1998 FIFA World Cup-winning team, most notably stalwart Patrick Vieira.",
"Basketball and boxing were some of the sports that Diaby excelled at.",
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"At the age of 17, Diaby took a course in accounting at the Auxerre youth academy.",
"CM Aubervilliers was where Diaby began his football career.",
"While at Aubervilliers, Diaby was coached by David Gigure, who is now the manager of Red Star Paris.",
"After two years at the club, Diaby's progression at the amateur club led to a move to nearby semi-professional outfit Red Star Paris in Saint-Ouen.",
"While in the club's youth academy, Diaby was supervised by youth academy director Yves-Henri Gergaud and was described by club youth coach Marco Lienel as a player who was \"fairly quiet and quite frail\".",
"The club's under-13 team in the le-de-France region was where Diaby started his career.",
"After a year with Red Star, he was selected to attend the academy.",
"The lives of the France's top young football players during their time at the academy were chronicled in a documentary series.",
"An episode of the series showed a physical confrontation between Hatem Ben Arfa and Diaby.",
"At the end of his development at Auxerre, Diaby left Red Star to play for Paris Saint-Germain, despite being a supporter of Marseille.",
"He spent a year at the Camp des Loges.",
"Diaby was going to sign a youth contract with Paris Saint-Germain.",
"The player became a free agent after the club's human resources department failed to send a letter of commitment to the player's parents.",
"After the 2002–03 season, Diaby joined the club's academy.",
"He won the under-16 league title of the Bourgogne region in his first season in the club's youth academy.",
"Diaby played on the club's under-19 team in the Coupe Gambardella and in the club's reserve team in the fourth level of French football.",
"He played on the reserve team with future teammate Bacary Sagna, as well as Youns Kaboul, Hassan Yebda, Jean-Jol Perrier-Doumbé, and Garra Dembélé.",
"The team finished first in its group with 11 appearances and one goal by Diaby.",
"He signed his first professional contract with the club after the season.",
"Diaby was promoted to the first team and assigned the number 24 shirt.",
"In the previous season, Diaby was a starter on the reserve team, but also trained with the first team.",
"He made his professional debut as a substitute in a 3–1 league win over Rennes.",
"After making his debut for the club, Diaby spent the rest of the fall season either playing on the club's reserve team or dealing with injuries.",
"He made his European debut for the team in the first leg of the Round of 16 against Lille.",
"As Auxerre won the round 1–0 on aggregate, Diaby appeared in both legs.",
"The club lost to CSKA Moscow in the quarter-finals.",
"On 20 March, Diaby made his professional debut against Paris Saint-Germain.",
"He played 74 minutes in the loss.",
"As a substitute, Diaby made three more appearances.",
"After managing the club for 44 straight seasons, Roux retired as manager of Auxerre.",
"Jacques Santini replaced him.",
"As the season wore on, the player failed to gain the confidence of Santini as he struggled with injuries.",
"During the first half of the season, Diaby only played in five league matches, compared to Sagna and Kaboul who played in many.",
"He scored his first professional goal on September 10, 2005 in a 3–1 loss to Rennes.",
"In the first round of the European competition, Diaby was a starter for the team.",
"Midway through the campaign, Diaby was surplus to requirements.",
"\"We have always kept the young players which our coach wanted to use, but Diaby did not play, so this was a strategic sale for us,\" said vice-president Gérard Bourgoin.",
"On January 13, 2006 the club confirmed that they had signed a long-term contract with Diaby for an undisclosed fee.",
"The player turned down an offer to join the other team in London.",
"The number 2 shirt was left vacant since the retirement of LeeDixon, who was given the number 2 shirt.",
"He made his club debut on January 21, 2006 as a substitute in a 1–0 defeat to Everton.",
"He started in the 2–1 Football League Cup victory over Wigan.",
"In the team's Round of 16 first leg victory over Real Madrid, Diaby appeared as a substitute.",
"Two weeks later, Diaby assisted on a goal in a win.",
"In April of 2006 he scored his first goal for the club in a 5–0 victory over Aston Villa after recovering from an injury in the month of March.",
"He was set up for the goal by Adebayor.",
"The media described the injury to Diaby as \"horrendous\", after he was on the receiving end of a tackle.",
"After the match, Kevin Ball defended Smith, stating that he was not a malicious, dirty player and that it's unfair to make that call on.",
"Dan went for the ball, but Diaby was quicker than him.",
"As a result of the injury, Diaby missed the 2006 European Under-21 Football Championship.",
"Doctors told him that the injury could be career-ending after he underwent three surgeries to repair it.",
"He made his return to first team action in the 2006–07 season after eight months of rehabilitation following his surgeries.",
"He was a substitute in the match.",
"On February 25, 2007, while playing in the Football League Cup Final, Diaby accidentally kicked John Terry in the face while trying to clear the ball from the defense.",
"Terry was taken to the hospital but recovered in time for the trophy presentation at the Millennium Stadium.",
"Diaby was credited with an assist on the team's only goal of the match, which was converted by Theo Walcott.",
"On 14 March, Diaby scored his first and only goal of the season in a 1–0 win over Villa when he took a Jlio Baptista shot.",
"He was a fixture in the team for the rest of the season, mostly as a substitute.",
"On September 22, 2007, in the club's 5–0 win over Derby County, Diaby scored his first goal for the club.",
"He assisted on a goal in a League Cup win.",
"In December 2007, Diaby scored goals in back-to-back matches for the first time in his career.",
"He scored the first goal in the team's final match against Steaua Bucureti.",
"The match ended 2–1.",
"In the League Cup, Diaby scored the opening goal in the away win.",
"There was no statistical data for the rest of the winter months aside from an assist in a 5–1 win over Everton.",
"On March 29, 2008, Diaby was sent off for the first time in his career for a studs-up tackle on Grétar Steinsson in a league match.",
"I don't think Diaby's tackle was malicious, it was more protective.",
"Eduardo da Silva had suffered a similar injury a few weeks earlier, and it should not be compared to Diaby's tackle.",
"The English media criticized Wenger for his flip-flops on the subject because he provided differing statements when the players were on the receiving end of tackles.",
"Diaby only played one match in the last two months of the season after serving his red card suspension.",
"The second leg of the club's European tie was played.",
"In the match, Diaby scored the opening goal to give the team a 2–1 advantage.",
"They lost the tie 5–3 on aggregate and conceded four goals.",
"Diaby had a thigh injury after the match.",
"Diaby was ruled out for the rest of the season after the injury relapsed in a reserve match.",
"After the thigh injury from the previous season was discovered to be more serious than first thought, Diaby began the 2008–09 season late in the season.",
"He made his debut in the season in October of 2008.",
"The third goal was scored by Diaby in the 5–2 win over Fenerbahe.",
"He was in the campaign for the first time.",
"On December 26, 2008, Diaby scored his third career goal against Villa in a 2–2 draw.",
"He assisted on the equalising goal in the team's 1–1 draw with Everton.",
"In the 3–1 league win against Newcastle on 21 March, Diaby scored his second goal of the season.",
"He scored the team's third goal in the 5–1 win over Potters City.",
"For the first time since 2007, Diaby started the season healthy and quickly made an impact.",
"He was part of the dynamic trio of Alex Song, Cesc Fbregas and him.",
"He scored a double in a win over Pompey.",
"The following month, Diaby assisted on a goal in the team's 3–2 comeback win over Belgian club Standard Lige.",
"In November, after alternating between the bench and starting lineup for the rest of September, Diaby returned to the first eleven and scored the game-winning goal in a 3–1 win over Birmingham City.",
"He scored a goal in a group stage win over Dutch club AZ.",
"In a 4–1 win over Wolves, Diaby picked up an injury.",
"The player missed France's World Cup playoff tie with the Republic of Ireland because of an injury.",
"In a 3–0 win over Hull City on 19 December, Diaby scored his fifth goal of the season.",
"He assisted on a goal.",
"Diaby scored his fourth goal against Villa in a 3–0 victory.",
"In the new year, Diaby assisted on goals in a 2–2 draw againstEverton and a 4–2 win overBolton.",
"He scored the only goal in the victory.",
"Even though he failed to score a goal for the rest of the season, Diaby started 12 of the final 14 matches.",
"He had career-highs in games played, goals, and assists.",
"In the team's second match of the season, Diaby scored a goal and provided an assist in a 6–0 win.",
"He was injured after a challenge by Paul Robinson during a match.",
"Denlson replaced Diaby in the 72nd minute.",
"He returned to the team after missing two weeks due to the injury.",
"After returning from the injury, Diaby was a substitute.",
"He was sent off for violent conduct on Joey Barton in a league match on February 5, 2011.",
"The match was 4–0 before Diaby's expulsion.",
"The club left St James' Park with only a point after they conceded four unanswered goals while playing with ten men.",
"On 10 April, Diaby scored his second goal of the season.",
"The season for Diaby was ruined by injuries.",
"He made just four substitute appearances in the English top flight.",
"The departure of Alex Song led to the start of the 2012–13 season being started by Diaby.",
"Sky Sports awarded him the Man of the Match after his performance against the Reds.",
"He was injured in the loss to Chelsea and was taken out of the game.",
"On 13 January, Diaby made his return against Manchester City.",
"Two red cards were awarded in this game, one for each team.",
"The match ended in a 2–0 draw.",
"After several spells on the sidelines during February and March, it was announced on 28 March that Diaby had torn the anterior cruciate ligament in his left knee and that he would be out for approximately eight or nine months.",
"The squad number of Diaby has been changed from 2 to 24.",
"He would be out until March due to further treatment on his knee.",
"In the final match of the season, Diaby came on as a substitute in a 2–0 win at Norwich City.",
"According to some English newspapers, Diaby would be out of action for three months due to injury.",
"On June 10, 2015, Diaby was released.",
"After being out of football for a long time, Diaby signed for the French side in July of 2015.",
"He came on as a substitute in the 5–2 home defeat to Rennes on 18 March 2016 after continuing injury problems in the first half of the season.",
"He started in a league match for the first time in three years.",
"Diaby made four appearances for the season.",
"Diaby had an operation on his ankle in October of 2016 after he had been in pain for weeks.",
"He was out for four months after the surgery.",
"On 25 February, Diaby announced that he was retiring from football at the age of 32.",
"He did not appear in many senior career matches.",
"He announced his retirement on French television.",
"I am ending my professional career.",
"It's the right time.",
"It has been difficult for me to return because of physical problems.",
"I am at ease with my decision because I have thought a lot about it.",
"I gave myself a year to come back but it was harder than I thought.",
"Jean Gallice was the manager of Youth Diaby.",
"Gallice initially called up Diaby for a match against Greece.",
"Diaby was forced to withdraw from the squad due to an injury.",
"He made his youth international debut in a win over Turkey.",
"In the 2005 European Under-19 Football Championship, Diaby appeared in all six matches as France finished both the first and second round with perfect records.",
"In the tournament, he missed the team's opening 1–1 group stage draw with England due to suspension, but returned to the starting lineup in the team's 3–1 victory over Norway in the second group stage match.",
"The championship match against England was started by Diaby.",
"France won the under-19 title and Diaby his first international honor.",
"He scored no goals in 12 matches with the under-19 team.",
"In a friendly match against Slovakia, Diaby made his under-21 debut.",
"France won the match 2–1.",
"Diaby missed the 2006 European Under-21 Football Championship due to an ankle injury.",
"Due to repetitive injuries, he missed every qualification for the European Under-21 Football Championship and only made one appearance for the team in a 1–1 draw with Armenia.",
"Raymond Domenech called Diaby up to the senior team for the first time on March 15, 2007, for a match against Lithuania and a friendly against Austria.",
"He said the call-up was a huge surprise because he had just returned from an ankle injury.",
"As a substitute for Florent Malouda, Diaby made his senior international debut.",
"He made his international debut in the 1–0 victory for France against Austria.",
"Diaby didn't play for France for three years after the Austria match.",
"The player withdrew from the squad due to injury or was not preferred by Domenech for a match, despite having several call ups to the team.",
"Diaby was named to Domenech's 30-man preliminary squad for the World Cup.",
"In the team's 2–1 friendly match win over Costa Rica, he made his return to the international scene.",
"There is a chance that Diaby could be a backup in the holding role.",
"Ahead of the competition, it was reported that Domenech was considering changing up the style of play in the team's 4–3–3 formation with Malouda possibly moving from the winger role into the middle.",
"After Malouda was dropped to the bench for insubordination, Diaby was put in his place and made his World Cup debut.",
"The entire match was played by Diaby.",
"He was credited with being the team's best performer in the goalless draw.",
"In France's two remaining group stage matches against Mexico and South Africa, Diaby was a starter.",
"Due to the players going on strike in response to the expulsion of Nicolas Anelka from the team, France lost both matches as the competition ended in disastrous fashion.",
"The team's friendly match against Norway was suspended as a result of the players' revolt.",
"In the team's first two competitive matches of the new season, Diaby was penciled in as a starter.",
"He missed the victory against England due to injury after playing the entire match against Luxembourg.",
"The team played against Brazil on February 9, 2011.",
"He came on as a second-half substitute in France's 1–0 win.",
"For the second time in the season, Diaby withdrew from the team due to injury, after being called back into the team for matches against Luxembourg and Croatia.",
"He returned to the team in June of 2011.",
"All three matches had Diaby in them.",
"He missed the Euro 2012 due to injuries.",
"After a year without an appearance at international level, Diaby returned to the national team in September 2012 under a new manager.",
"He scored his first international goal in a World Cup qualification match.",
"The style of play that Diaby is known for is a box-to-boxMidfielder.",
"While he can play as a defensive player, Diaby has tried to distance himself from that position, saying \"I am better if I have a holding player with me\".",
"He is more of an offensive player according to his club manager.",
"He isn't a defensive-minded player and he isn't a holding player.",
"He's a player who crosses the field at ease, goes from box to box like it's no distance and has good power as well.",
"During his early years with Auxerre, he was often used as an attackingMidfielder due to his technical ability, close control, and dexterity to dribble past opponents or slip passes to teammates.",
"The player was likened to a former club player by the club manager.",
"The two players have the same physical appearance and preference in their positions.",
"While the two are similar in appearance, Diaby has admitted that there are huge differences, stating, \"I think maybe I am more attack-minded, a more technical player.\"",
"He makes more of a physical impact in the middle of the game.",
"He is amazing.",
"I don't think I have what it takes.",
"I think I can grow in that way, but he is stronger.",
"\"I think he was more of a passer of the ball,\" said the Frenchman in 2009.",
"Diaby makes more penetrating runs and is more of a dribbler.",
"He was more of a mathematician.",
"They have the same type of play but are not completely similar.",
"It was said that Diaby was injury prone.",
"After returning from an ankle injury, Diaby was hampered by niggling injuries that prevented him from playing a full season.",
"During his second season at Auxerre, a season in which he was expected to get some significant playing time, Diaby failed to gain the confidence of manager Jacques Santini due to repetitive injuries he suffered during the autumn portion of the 2005–06 season.",
"After returning to the team, Diaby struggled to return to his previous form, which ultimately resulted in his sale.",
"He played in 40 matches of competitive matches in the 2009–10 season, his highest output for appearances with the club.",
"France's goal tally is listed first in Club International Scores and results.",
"France U19 European Under-19 Championship: 2005 References External links Official foundation page",
"The players are from Paris Saint-Germain.",
"A group of players from the same team are from the same club are from the same team are from the same club are from the same team are from the same team are from the same team are from the same team are from the same team are from the same team are from the same team",
"French expatriates play football in England and the French people of Ivorian descent play sports in England."
] | <mask> (born 11 May 1986), known as <mask>, is a French former professional footballer. He played primarily in a box to box role, adept at both attacking and defending. Described as a player who was "languid, elusive, and athletic" that could either "dribble past opponents or slip passes to team-mates". Of Ivorian descent, <mask> also possessed "superb touch" and "excellent close control". <mask>'s career was hampered by numerous repetitive injuries, a problem that existed from his time in France. His physical appearance and positional preference evoked comparisons to Arsenal legend and compatriot Patrick Vieira. <mask> was born in the 10th arrondissement of Paris, but was raised in the Parisian commune of Aubervilliers.He began his football career playing for hometown club CM Aubervilliers. In 1998, he joined Red Star Paris. A year later, <mask> was selected to attend the Clairefontaine academy. He spent four years at the academy while simultaneously training with Red Star. A year before departing Clairefontaine, <mask> moved to professional club Paris Saint-Germain. Following an administrative error by club officials which made <mask> a free agent, he joined the academy of Auxerre. He spent two years in the club's youth academy before making his professional debut in the 2004–05 season.<mask> also played in the UEFA Cup with the club. After spending the Autumn portion of the 2005–06 season with Auxerre, in January 2006, <mask> signed with English club Arsenal on a long-term contract for an undisclosed fee. He made his debut with the club that same month and scored his first goal three months later against Aston Villa. After being released from Arsenal in 2015 following persistent injury problems, <mask> signed for French Ligue 1 side Marseille. <mask> retired from football in February 2019. <mask> is a former French youth international having earned caps at under-19 and under-21 level. Prior to playing for the senior team, he played on the under-19 team that won the 2005 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship.<mask> made his senior international debut in March 2007 in a UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying match against Lithuania. He has represented France at one major international tournament; the 2010 FIFA World Cup. <mask> participated in all three group stage matches the team played as a starter. Personal life
<mask> was born in the 10th arrondissement of Paris, but was raised in a housing development in Aubervilliers, a northeastern suburb of Paris. He is the son of a long-distance truck driver and developed an interest into the sport of football after becoming fascinated by several players who played on the 1998 FIFA World Cup-winning team, most notably midfield stalwart Patrick Vieira, whom <mask> describes as "a monument to French football". <mask> was also adept at playing other sports such as basketball and boxing. Of Ivorian descent, <mask> is a practicing Muslim and, while growing up, developed a fascination towards the subjects of religion, philosophy, science, and astronomy.<mask> became interested in accountancy after taking a course at the age of 17, while he was at the Auxerre youth academy. Club career
Early career
<mask> began his football career playing for hometown club CM Aubervilliers in December 1996. While at Aubervilliers, <mask> was coached by David Giguère and Alain Mboma, the latter now serving as the manager of Red Star Paris. After two years at the club, <mask>'s quick progression at the amateur club led to a move to nearby semi-professional outfit Red Star Paris in Saint-Ouen. While in the club's youth academy, <mask> was supervised by youth academy director Yves-Henri Gergaud and was described by club youth coach Marco Lienel as a player who was "fairly quiet and quite frail". <mask> started his career at the club playing on its under-13 team in the Division Honneur Régionale of the Île-de-France region. After spending a year playing with Red Star, in 1999, he was selected to attend the Clairefontaine academy.While at Clairefontaine, <mask> was a part of A la Clairefontaine, a documentary series which chronicled the lives of the France's top young footballers during their time at the academy. During the series, an episode showed <mask> getting into a physical confrontation with Hatem Ben Arfa. Auxerre
2002–2004
Towards the end of his development at Clairefontaine, <mask> departed Red Star to play domestic football with professional club Paris Saint-Germain, despite being a supporter of Marseille. He spent a year at the Camp des Loges, the club's training center, from 2001–2002. After his departure from Clairefontaine, <mask> was expected to sign a youth contract with Paris Saint-Germain. Club officials wanted to keep the player, however, the club's human resources department failed to send a "letter of commitment" to <mask>'s parents ahead of 30 April 2002 deadline, which resulted in the player becoming a free agent. <mask> was hastily recruited by Auxerre scouts and he joined the club's academy ahead of the 2002–03 season.In his first season in the club's youth academy, he won the Division d'Honneur des 16 ans, the under-16 league title of the Bourgogne region. During the 2003–04 season, <mask> alternated between playing on the club's under-19 team in the Coupe Gambardella and playing in the club's reserve team in the Championnat de France amateur, the fourth level of French football. During the reserve team season, he played on the team alongside future Arsenal teammate Bacary Sagna, as well as Younès Kaboul, Hassan Yebda, Jean-Joël Perrier-Doumbé and former Clairefontaine classmate Garra Dembélé. <mask> finished the season with the team with 11 appearances and one goal as the team finished first in its group. After the season, he signed his first professional contract with the club agreeing to a three-year deal. Manager Guy Roux subsequently promoted <mask> to the first team and assigned him the number 24 shirt. 2004–2006
Similar to the previous season, <mask> regularly trained with the first team, while concurrently featuring as a starter on the club's reserve team.He made his professional debut on 14 August 2004 appearing as a substitute in a 3–1 league win over Rennes. After making his debut for the club, <mask> spent the rest of the fall season either playing on the club's reserve team or dealing with injuries. He returned to the team in March 2005 making his European debut in the team's UEFA Cup Round of 16 first leg tie against domestic rivals Lille. <mask> appeared in both legs as a substitute as Auxerre won the round 1–0 on aggregate. The club later lost in the quarter-finals to Russian club CSKA Moscow. <mask> made his first professional start on 20 March against his former youth club Paris Saint-Germain. He played 74 minutes before being substituted out in a 1–0 loss.<mask> made three more appearances as a substitute to close out the season. Following the season, Roux retired as manager of Auxerre after managing the club for 44 straight seasons. He was replaced with former France national team coach Jacques Santini. During the season, <mask> featured early on during the campaign, but as the season wore on, he struggled with injuries, which subsequently, led to the player failing to gain the confidence of Santini. Unlike fellow youngsters Sagna and Kaboul who were quickly establishing themselves at their respective positions, <mask> only featured in five league matches during the first half of the season. The midfielder did score his first professional goal on 10 September 2005 in a 3–1 loss to Rennes. In Europe, <mask> featured as a starter in the team's first round defeat to Bulgarian club Levski Sofia in the UEFA Cup.Midway through the campaign, <mask> was deemed surplus to requirements by management. Following the sale of the player, vice-president Gérard Bourgoin declared that, "We have always kept the young players which our coach wanted to use, but <mask> did not play, so this was a strategic sale for us." Arsenal
2006–2009
On 13 January 2006, English club Arsenal confirmed that the club had signed <mask> on a long-term contract for an undisclosed fee, later revealed to be £2 million. Prior to joining Arsenal, the player had reportedly turned down an offer to join Arsenal's London rivals Chelsea. Upon joining Arsenal, <mask> was given the number 2 shirt, which was left vacant since the retirement of Lee Dixon. He made his club debut on 21 January 2006 appearing as a substitute in a 1–0 defeat to Everton. Three days later, he made his first start in a 2–1 Football League Cup victory over Wigan.On 21 February, <mask> made his UEFA Champions League debut appearing as a substitute in the team's Round of 16 first leg victory over Spanish club Real Madrid. Two weeks later, <mask> assisted on a goal in Arsenal's 4–0 win over Fulham. After dealing with an injury in the month of March, he returned to play in April scoring his first goal for the club in a 5–0 victory over Aston Villa on April Fools' Day 2006. He was set up for the goal by fellow club newcomer Emmanuel Adebayor. On 1 May, <mask> suffered a severe ankle fracture after being on the receiving end of a tackle, described by the media as "horrendous", from Sunderland defender Dan Smith. After the match, Wenger described the tackle as "a bad kick and an unnecessary one" and also criticized his competitors' over-physicality, while interim Sunderland manager Kevin Ball defended Smith stating "Smith is not a malicious, dirty player and I think it's unfair to make that call on him and say he deliberately went to do it. Dan went for the ball, unfortunately <mask> was quicker than him".As a result of the injury, <mask> missed the 2006 UEFA Champions League Final, as well as the 2006 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship. He underwent three surgeries to repair the injury and was told by doctors that the injury could possibly be career-ending. Following the surgeries, he underwent eight months of rehabilitation and made his return to first team action in the 2006–07 season in a League Cup match against Liverpool. He appeared as a substitute in the match as Arsenal won 6–3. On 25 February 2007, while participating in the 2007 Football League Cup Final against Chelsea, <mask>, while attempting to clear the ball out of the Arsenal defense, accidentally kicked rival defender John Terry in the face. Unconscious, Terry was stretchered off and hospitalized, but recovered to return to the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff for the trophy presentation following Chelsea's 2–1 win. Though Arsenal lost, <mask> was credited with an assist on the team's only goal of the match, which was converted by Theo Walcott.<mask> scored his first and only goal of the campaign on 14 March in a 1–0 win over Aston Villa when he deflected in a Júlio Baptista shot. He remained a fixture within the team for the rest of the campaign, mostly as a substitute as he only started in consecutive matches once. In <mask>'s first full season with Arsenal, he scored his first goal on 22 September 2007 in the club's 5–0 win over Derby County. Three days later, he assisted on a goal in a 2–0 League Cup win over Newcastle United. In December 2007, <mask> scored goals in back-to-back matches for the first time in his career. He scored the first goal on 12 December in the team's final Champions League group stage match against Romanian club Steaua București. Arsenal won the match 2–1.Six days later, <mask> scored Arsenal's opening goal in the club's 3–2 away win over Blackburn Rovers in the League Cup. <mask> failed to chart anything statistical for the rest of the winter months aside from an assist in a 4–1 win over Everton. On 29 March 2008, <mask> was sent off for the first time in his professional career in a league match against Bolton Wanderers for a studs-up tackle on defender Grétar Steinsson. <mask> was defended by Wenger who stated "I don’t think <mask>’s tackle was malicious, it was more protective". Wenger also stated that <mask>'s tackle should not be compared to what had happened to teammate Eduardo da Silva a few weeks earlier. Wenger was, subsequently, criticized by the English media for flip-flopping on the subject due to providing differing statements when Arsenal players are on the receiving end of tackles and when they are the aggressors. After serving his red card suspension, <mask> featured in only one match in the final two months of the season.The match was the second leg of the club's quarter-final Champions League tie against Liverpool. In the match, <mask> netted the opening goal to give Arsenal, who drew 1–1 in the first leg, a 2–1 advantage. Arsenal, however, conceded four goals from Liverpool and lost the tie 5–3 on aggregate. Following the match against Liverpool, <mask> began struggling with a thigh injury. After the injury relapsed in a reserve match in late April, <mask> was ruled out for the rest of the season. <mask> began the 2008–09 season late in the season after the thigh injury from the previous season was discovered to be more serious than first thought. He made his debut in the season on 18 October 2008 in a 3–1 win over Everton.Three days later, <mask> scored the third goal in a 5–2 Champions League group stage win over Fenerbahçe. He appeared regularly in the campaign for the first time in his Arsenal career. On 26 December 2008, <mask> scored his third career goal against Aston Villa in a 2–2 draw. The following month, he assisted on the equalising goal, scored by Robin van Persie, in the team's 1–1 draw with Everton. <mask> scored his second goal of the campaign in Arsenal's 3–1 league win against Newcastle on 21 March. He finished the season by scoring the team's third goal in the 4–1 win over Stoke City. 2009–2012
<mask> started the 2009–10 season healthy for the first time since 2007 and quickly made an impact.Playing alongside Alex Song and Cesc Fàbregas, he became part of the dynamic three-man midfield partnership. On 22 August 2009, he scored a double in a 4–1 win over Portsmouth. The following month, <mask> assisted on a goal in the team's 3–2 comeback win over Belgian club Standard Liège in the Champions League. After alternating between the bench and starting lineup for the rest of September, in November, <mask> returned to the first eleven and responding by scoring the game-winning goal in a 3–1 win over Birmingham City. Three weeks later, in the Champions League, he netted another goal in a group stage win over Dutch club AZ. On 7 November, <mask> picked up an injury in a 4–1 win over Wolverhampton Wanderers. The injury resulted in the player missing France's World Cup playoff tie with the Republic of Ireland.<mask> grabbed his fifth goal of the season in a 3–0 win over Hull City on 19 December. He also assisted on a goal in the win. A week later, <mask> scored his fourth goal overall against Aston Villa in another 3–0 victory. In the new year, <mask> began the 2010 calendar year by assisting on goals in a 2–2 draw against Everton and a 4–2 win over Bolton. On 10 February, he scored the only goal in a victory over Liverpool. Despite failing to score a goal for the rest of the season, <mask> was ever-present in the waning moments of the season starting 12 of the final 14 matches he appeared in. He finished the campaign with career-highs in matches played, goals, and assists.<mask> began the 2010–11 season scoring a goal and issuing an assist in the team's second match of the season against Blackpool; a 6–0 win. During a match against Bolton at the Emirates Stadium on 11 September, he was injured after a challenge by Paul Robinson. <mask> was replaced in the 72nd minute by Denílson in a 4–1 win. Due to the injury, he missed two weeks and return to the team in its 3–2 loss to West Bromwich Albion. <mask> featured primarily as a substitute after returning from the injury. On 5 February 2011, he was sent off after being adjudged to have committed violent conduct on opposing midfielder Joey Barton in a league match away to Newcastle. Prior to <mask>'s expulsion, Arsenal had been leading the match 4–0.The team went on to concede four unanswered goals while playing with ten men, which resulted in the club leaving St James' Park with only a point. On 10 April, <mask> scored his second goal of the season in a 3–1 win against Blackpool. The 2011–12 season for <mask> was blighted once again by injury problems. He made just four substitute appearances during the Premier League campaign and one in the UEFA Champions League. 2012–2015
With the departure of Alex Song ahead of the 2012–13 season, <mask> started all three of Arsenal's opening games. His performance against Liverpool saw him awarded Man of the Match by Sky Sports in Arsenal's 2–0 win at Anfield. However, he was later injured in Arsenal's 2-1 loss against Chelsea on 29 September and was substituted.On 13 January 2013, <mask> made his return against Manchester City at the Emirates Stadium. This controversial fixture in the Premier League, saw two red cards awarded, one for each team. Arsenal lost the match 2–0. Following several spells on the sidelines during February and March, it was announced on 28 March 2013 that <mask> had torn the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in his left knee and that after surgery, he would be out for approximately eight or nine months. Arsenal announced that <mask> had changed his squad number from 2 to 24 for the 2013–14 season. Soon it was announced that he would be out until March 2014, following further treatment on his knee. On 11 May 2014, <mask> returned from injury as a substitute in a 2–0 win at Norwich City in Arsenal's final match of the 2013–14 Premier League season.On 15 November 2014, according to some English newspapers, <mask> suffered a hamstring injury which would keep him off the pitch for the next three months. On 10 June 2015, <mask> was released by Arsenal. Marseille
In July 2015, <mask> signed for French Ligue 1 side Marseille after being out of football since leaving Arsenal in June 2015. Following continuing injury problems in the first half of the season, he made his return on 18 March 2016, coming on as a substitute in Marseille's 5–2 home defeat to Rennes. On 3 April 2016, he started in a league match against Bastia, his first league start in over three years. <mask> ultimately made just four appearances for the season across all competitions. In October 2016, <mask> had to undergo an operation on his right ankle after suffering for weeks with persistent pain.He was ruled out for a period of four months following the surgery. On 25 February 2019, <mask> announced that he was retiring from football, aged 32, most recently having played for Marseille in 2017. He only appeared in 214 senior career matches. He announced his retirement on French television channel RMC's. <mask> said, "I am bringing an end to my professional career. It is the right time. For a number of years it has been difficult for me to return, with a lot of physical problems.It is a difficult decision but I have thought a lot about my decision and I am at ease with it. After Marseille, I gave myself a year to come back but it was harder than I thought, and I have decided to stop." International career
Youth
<mask> played under manager Jean Gallice. Gallice, initially, called up <mask> at under-18 level for a match against Greece in November 2003. <mask>, however, was forced to withdraw from the squad after suffering an injury while playing domestically. He made his youth international debut at under-19 level in a 2–1 friendly match win over Turkey. In qualifying for the 2005 European Under-19 Football Championship, <mask> appeared in all six matches as France finished both the first qualifying round and the Elite Round undefeated.In the tournament, he missed the team's opening 1–1 group stage draw with England due to suspension, but returned to the starting lineup in the team's 3–1 victory over Norway in the second group stage match. <mask>, subsequently, started every remaining match, including the championship match against England. France won the match 3–1 giving the nation its sixth under-19 title and <mask> his first international honor. In total with the under-19 team, he featured in 12 matches and scored no goals. At under-21 level, <mask> made his debut on 28 February 2006 in a friendly match against Slovakia. He appeared as a substitute as France won the match 2–1. Due to suffering a fractured ankle domestically, <mask> missed the 2006 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship.Due to repetitive injuries, he missed every qualifier for the 2007 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship and made only one more appearance for the team, which occurred in a 1–1 draw in a friendly match with Armenia. Senior
On 15 March 2007, <mask> was called up to the senior team for the first time by coach Raymond Domenech for UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying match against Lithuania and a friendly against Austria. He described the call-up as a "huge surprise" primarily because he has just returned from his ankle fracture just two months prior. <mask> made his senior international debut in the qualifier against Lithuania appearing as a substitute for Florent Malouda. He earned his first international start in the ensuing match against Austria; the game ending in a 1–0 victory for France. Following the Austria match, <mask> went without an appearance for France for three years. The midfielder experienced several call ups to the team during the three years, but either withdrew from the squad due to injury or was not preferred by Domenech for a match.Despite this, <mask> was named to Domenech's 30-man preliminary squad to participate in the 2010 FIFA World Cup. He made his return to the international scene in the team's 2–1 friendly match win over Costa Rica. <mask> was later named to the 23-man team to serve as a possible backup in the holding midfield role. Ahead of the competition, it was reported that Domenech was considering changing up the style of play in the team's 4–3–3 formation with Malouda possibly moving from the winger role into the midfield. Following Malouda's relegation to the bench for insubordination, <mask> was inserted in his place and made his World Cup debut in the team's opening group stage match against Uruguay. The match ended 0–0 with <mask> playing the entire match. He was credited by Scottish newspaper The Scotsman as being the team's best performer in the goalless draw.<mask> featured as a starter in both of France's remaining group stage matches against Mexico and South Africa. France lost both matches as the competition ultimately ended in disastrous competitively and personally due to the players going on strike in response to its disagreement over the expulsion of striker Nicolas Anelka from the team. As a result of the players' mutiny, <mask>, along with the 22 other members of the team, were suspended for the team's friendly match against Norway. Under manager Laurent Blanc, <mask> was penciled in as a starter in the team's first two competitive matches of the new season. After playing the entire match in a 2–0 victory over Luxembourg, he missed the victory against England due to injury. <mask> returned to the team for its 9 February 2011 friendly against Brazil. He appeared as a second-half substitute for Yann M'Vila as France cruised to a 1–0 win.In March 2011, <mask> was called back into the team for matches against Luxembourg and Croatia, but, for the second time in the season, withdrew from the team due to injury. He returned to the team in June 2011 for a UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying match against Belarus and friendly matches against Poland and the Ukraine. <mask> featured in all three matches. Due to injuries during the 2011–12 season, he missed UEFA Euro 2012. After over a year without an appearance at international level, <mask> returned to the national team in September 2012 under new manager Didier Deschamps. In his first appearance since June 2011, he scored his first international goal in a 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification match against Finland. Style of play
<mask> is often described as a typical box-to-box midfielder; a midfielder who is adept both offensively and defensively.While he can play as a defensive midfielder, <mask> has often attempted to distance himself from that position, admitting that "I am better if I have a holding midfielder with me". His club manager Arsène Wenger describes him similarly stating "He (<mask>) is more of an offensive player. He is not a defensive-minded player and he's not a holding player. He's a player who crosses the field at ease, goes from box to box like it's no distance and has good power as well". During his early years with Auxerre, he was often used as an attacking midfielder or a support striker due to his technical ability, close control, and dexterity to dribble past opponents or slip passes to teammates. Upon signing with Arsenal, club manager Wenger likened the player to former club player Patrick Vieira. Wenger compared the two primarily because of the similarities between each player's physical appearance and positional preference.While the two are similar in appearance, <mask> has admitted that there are huge differences, stating, "I think maybe I am more attack-minded, a more technical player," and, "Vieira is much more aggressive. He makes more of a physical impact in a game, in midfield. He is amazing. I don’t think I have this quality yet. I think I can develop in that way but he is much stronger." In 2009, Wenger echoed <mask>'s sentiments, stating, "I believe Vieira was more of a passer of the ball. <mask> is more of a dribbler, more offensive and makes more penetrating runs.Vieira was more of a constructor. They have a similar elegance and type of play but are not completely comparable". <mask> was often described as being injury-prone. After returning from a fractured ankle injury in late 2006, the midfielder endured persistent niggling injuries that resulted in <mask> failing to play a full season for Arsenal. During his second season at Auxerre, a season in which he was expected to get some significant playing time, <mask> failed to gain the confidence of manager Jacques Santini primarily due to repetitive injuries he endured during the autumn portion of the 2005–06 season. After returning to the team, <mask> struggled to return to form, which ultimately resulted in his sale to Arsenal. His highest output for appearances with Arsenal came in the 2009–10 season when he played in 40 matches of Arsenal's total of 55 competitive matches in the season.Career statistics
Club
International
Scores and results list France's goal tally first, score column indicates score after <mask> goal. Honours
Arsenal
FA Cup: 2013–14
Football League Cup runner-up: 2006–07
France U19
UEFA European Under-19 Championship: 2005
References
External links
Official foundation page
Premier League profile
1986 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Aubervilliers
Footballers from Paris
French footballers
France youth international footballers
France under-21 international footballers
France international footballers
Association football midfielders
FCM Aubervilliers players
Red Star F.C. players
Paris Saint-Germain F.C. players
INF Clairefontaine players
AJ Auxerre players
Arsenal F.C. players
Olympique de Marseille players
Ligue 1 players
Premier League players
2010 FIFA World Cup players
French expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in England
French expatriate sportspeople in England
French people of Ivorian descent
Black French sportspeople
French Muslims | [
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] | <mask> is a French former professional footballer. He played in a box to box role and excelled at both attacking and defending. A player who was "languid, elusive, and athletic" could either dribble past opponents or slip passes to team-mates. <mask> had "superb touch" and "excellent close control" of Ivorian descent. From his time in France, there was a problem with repetitive injuries that hampered <mask>'s career. His physical appearance and preference for a certain position evoked comparisons to Patrick Vieira. The 10th arrondissement of Paris is where <mask> was born.He started his football career at CM Aubervilliers. He joined Red Star Paris in 1998. <mask> was selected to attend the academy a year later. He trained with Red Star while at the academy. <mask> moved to Paris Saint-Germain a year before he left. After an administrative error made him a free agent, he joined the academy of Auxerre. He made his professional debut in the 2004–05 season after two years in the club's youth academy.The club had <mask> play in the cup. After spending the Autumn portion of the 2005–06 season with Auxerre, <mask> signed with English clubArsenal on a long-term contract for an undisclosed fee. He scored his first goal for the club three months later against Villa. After a long battle with injuries, <mask> signed for French side Marseille. The football player retired in February of 2019. A former French youth international, <mask> earned caps at under-19 and under-21 level. He played for the under-19 team that won the 2005 European Under-19 Football Championship.In March 2007, <mask> made his senior international debut. He played in the 2010 World Cup for France. The team played as a starter in all three group stage matches. <mask> was raised in a housing development in Aubervilliers, a northeastern suburb of Paris, but was born in the 10th arrondissement of Paris. He is the son of a long-distance truck driver and developed an interest in the sport of football after becoming fascinated by several players who played on the 1998 FIFA World Cup-winning team, most notably stalwart Patrick Vieira. Basketball and boxing were some of the sports that <mask> excelled at. DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatchAt the age of 17, <mask> took a course in accounting at the Auxerre youth academy. CM Aubervilliers was where <mask> began his football career. While at Aubervilliers, <mask> was coached by David Gigure, who is now the manager of Red Star Paris. After two years at the club, <mask>'s progression at the amateur club led to a move to nearby semi-professional outfit Red Star Paris in Saint-Ouen. While in the club's youth academy, <mask> was supervised by youth academy director Yves-Henri Gergaud and was described by club youth coach Marco Lienel as a player who was "fairly quiet and quite frail". The club's under-13 team in the le-de-France region was where <mask> started his career. After a year with Red Star, he was selected to attend the academy.The lives of the France's top young football players during their time at the academy were chronicled in a documentary series. An episode of the series showed a physical confrontation between Hatem Ben Arfa and <mask>. At the end of his development at Auxerre, <mask> left Red Star to play for Paris Saint-Germain, despite being a supporter of Marseille. He spent a year at the Camp des Loges. <mask> was going to sign a youth contract with Paris Saint-Germain. The player became a free agent after the club's human resources department failed to send a letter of commitment to the player's parents. After the 2002–03 season, <mask> joined the club's academy.He won the under-16 league title of the Bourgogne region in his first season in the club's youth academy. <mask> played on the club's under-19 team in the Coupe Gambardella and in the club's reserve team in the fourth level of French football. He played on the reserve team with future teammate Bacary Sagna, as well as Youns Kaboul, Hassan Yebda, Jean-Jol Perrier-Doumbé, and Garra Dembélé. The team finished first in its group with 11 appearances and one goal by <mask>. He signed his first professional contract with the club after the season. <mask> was promoted to the first team and assigned the number 24 shirt. In the previous season, <mask> was a starter on the reserve team, but also trained with the first team.He made his professional debut as a substitute in a 3–1 league win over Rennes. After making his debut for the club, <mask> spent the rest of the fall season either playing on the club's reserve team or dealing with injuries. He made his European debut for the team in the first leg of the Round of 16 against Lille. As Auxerre won the round 1–0 on aggregate, <mask> appeared in both legs. The club lost to CSKA Moscow in the quarter-finals. On 20 March, <mask> made his professional debut against Paris Saint-Germain. He played 74 minutes in the loss.As a substitute, <mask> made three more appearances. After managing the club for 44 straight seasons, Roux retired as manager of Auxerre. Jacques Santini replaced him. As the season wore on, the player failed to gain the confidence of Santini as he struggled with injuries. During the first half of the season, <mask> only played in five league matches, compared to Sagna and Kaboul who played in many. He scored his first professional goal on September 10, 2005 in a 3–1 loss to Rennes. In the first round of the European competition, <mask> was a starter for the team.Midway through the campaign, <mask> was surplus to requirements. "We have always kept the young players which our coach wanted to use, but <mask> did not play, so this was a strategic sale for us," said vice-president Gérard Bourgoin. On January 13, 2006 the club confirmed that they had signed a long-term contract with <mask> for an undisclosed fee. The player turned down an offer to join the other team in London. The number 2 shirt was left vacant since the retirement of LeeDixon, who was given the number 2 shirt. He made his club debut on January 21, 2006 as a substitute in a 1–0 defeat to Everton. He started in the 2–1 Football League Cup victory over Wigan.In the team's Round of 16 first leg victory over Real Madrid, <mask> appeared as a substitute. Two weeks later, <mask> assisted on a goal in a win. In April of 2006 he scored his first goal for the club in a 5–0 victory over Aston Villa after recovering from an injury in the month of March. He was set up for the goal by Adebayor. The media described the injury to <mask> as "horrendous", after he was on the receiving end of a tackle. After the match, Kevin Ball defended Smith, stating that he was not a malicious, dirty player and that it's unfair to make that call on. Dan went for the ball, but <mask> was quicker than him.As a result of the injury, <mask> missed the 2006 European Under-21 Football Championship. Doctors told him that the injury could be career-ending after he underwent three surgeries to repair it. He made his return to first team action in the 2006–07 season after eight months of rehabilitation following his surgeries. He was a substitute in the match. On February 25, 2007, while playing in the Football League Cup Final, <mask> accidentally kicked John Terry in the face while trying to clear the ball from the defense. Terry was taken to the hospital but recovered in time for the trophy presentation at the Millennium Stadium. <mask> was credited with an assist on the team's only goal of the match, which was converted by Theo Walcott.On 14 March, <mask> scored his first and only goal of the season in a 1–0 win over Villa when he took a Jlio Baptista shot. He was a fixture in the team for the rest of the season, mostly as a substitute. On September 22, 2007, in the club's 5–0 win over Derby County, <mask> scored his first goal for the club. He assisted on a goal in a League Cup win. In December 2007, <mask> scored goals in back-to-back matches for the first time in his career. He scored the first goal in the team's final match against Steaua Bucureti. The match ended 2–1.In the League Cup, <mask> scored the opening goal in the away win. There was no statistical data for the rest of the winter months aside from an assist in a 5–1 win over Everton. On March 29, 2008, <mask> was sent off for the first time in his career for a studs-up tackle on Grétar Steinsson in a league match. I don't think <mask>'s tackle was malicious, it was more protective. Eduardo da Silva had suffered a similar injury a few weeks earlier, and it should not be compared to <mask>'s tackle. The English media criticized Wenger for his flip-flops on the subject because he provided differing statements when the players were on the receiving end of tackles. <mask> only played one match in the last two months of the season after serving his red card suspension.The second leg of the club's European tie was played. In the match, <mask> scored the opening goal to give the team a 2–1 advantage. They lost the tie 5–3 on aggregate and conceded four goals. <mask> had a thigh injury after the match. <mask> was ruled out for the rest of the season after the injury relapsed in a reserve match. After the thigh injury from the previous season was discovered to be more serious than first thought, <mask> began the 2008–09 season late in the season. He made his debut in the season in October of 2008.The third goal was scored by <mask> in the 5–2 win over Fenerbahe. He was in the campaign for the first time. On December 26, 2008, <mask> scored his third career goal against Villa in a 2–2 draw. He assisted on the equalising goal in the team's 1–1 draw with Everton. In the 3–1 league win against Newcastle on 21 March, <mask> scored his second goal of the season. He scored the team's third goal in the 5–1 win over Potters City. For the first time since 2007, <mask> started the season healthy and quickly made an impact.He was part of the dynamic trio of Alex Song, Cesc Fbregas and him. He scored a double in a win over Pompey. The following month, <mask> assisted on a goal in the team's 3–2 comeback win over Belgian club Standard Lige. In November, after alternating between the bench and starting lineup for the rest of September, <mask> returned to the first eleven and scored the game-winning goal in a 3–1 win over Birmingham City. He scored a goal in a group stage win over Dutch club AZ. In a 4–1 win over Wolves, <mask> picked up an injury. The player missed France's World Cup playoff tie with the Republic of Ireland because of an injury.In a 3–0 win over Hull City on 19 December, <mask> scored his fifth goal of the season. He assisted on a goal. <mask> scored his fourth goal against Villa in a 3–0 victory. In the new year, <mask> assisted on goals in a 2–2 draw againstEverton and a 4–2 win overBolton. He scored the only goal in the victory. Even though he failed to score a goal for the rest of the season, <mask> started 12 of the final 14 matches. He had career-highs in games played, goals, and assists.In the team's second match of the season, <mask> scored a goal and provided an assist in a 6–0 win. He was injured after a challenge by Paul Robinson during a match. Denlson replaced <mask> in the 72nd minute. He returned to the team after missing two weeks due to the injury. After returning from the injury, <mask> was a substitute. He was sent off for violent conduct on Joey Barton in a league match on February 5, 2011. The match was 4–0 before <mask>'s expulsion.The club left St James' Park with only a point after they conceded four unanswered goals while playing with ten men. On 10 April, <mask> scored his second goal of the season. The season for <mask> was ruined by injuries. He made just four substitute appearances in the English top flight. The departure of Alex Song led to the start of the 2012–13 season being started by <mask>. Sky Sports awarded him the Man of the Match after his performance against the Reds. He was injured in the loss to Chelsea and was taken out of the game.On 13 January, <mask> made his return against Manchester City. Two red cards were awarded in this game, one for each team. The match ended in a 2–0 draw. After several spells on the sidelines during February and March, it was announced on 28 March that <mask> had torn the anterior cruciate ligament in his left knee and that he would be out for approximately eight or nine months. The squad number of <mask> has been changed from 2 to 24. He would be out until March due to further treatment on his knee. In the final match of the season, <mask> came on as a substitute in a 2–0 win at Norwich City.According to some English newspapers, <mask> would be out of action for three months due to injury. On June 10, 2015, <mask> was released. After being out of football for a long time, <mask> signed for the French side in July of 2015. He came on as a substitute in the 5–2 home defeat to Rennes on 18 March 2016 after continuing injury problems in the first half of the season. He started in a league match for the first time in three years. <mask> made four appearances for the season. <mask> had an operation on his ankle in October of 2016 after he had been in pain for weeks.He was out for four months after the surgery. On 25 February, <mask> announced that he was retiring from football at the age of 32. He did not appear in many senior career matches. He announced his retirement on French television. I am ending my professional career. It's the right time. It has been difficult for me to return because of physical problems.I am at ease with my decision because I have thought a lot about it. I gave myself a year to come back but it was harder than I thought. Jean Gallice was the manager of Youth Diaby. Gallice initially called up <mask> for a match against Greece. <mask> was forced to withdraw from the squad due to an injury. He made his youth international debut in a win over Turkey. In the 2005 European Under-19 Football Championship, <mask> appeared in all six matches as France finished both the first and second round with perfect records.In the tournament, he missed the team's opening 1–1 group stage draw with England due to suspension, but returned to the starting lineup in the team's 3–1 victory over Norway in the second group stage match. The championship match against England was started by <mask>. France won the under-19 title and <mask> his first international honor. He scored no goals in 12 matches with the under-19 team. In a friendly match against Slovakia, <mask> made his under-21 debut. France won the match 2–1. <mask> missed the 2006 European Under-21 Football Championship due to an ankle injury.Due to repetitive injuries, he missed every qualification for the European Under-21 Football Championship and only made one appearance for the team in a 1–1 draw with Armenia. Raymond Domenech called <mask> up to the senior team for the first time on March 15, 2007, for a match against Lithuania and a friendly against Austria. He said the call-up was a huge surprise because he had just returned from an ankle injury. As a substitute for Florent Malouda, <mask> made his senior international debut. He made his international debut in the 1–0 victory for France against Austria. <mask> didn't play for France for three years after the Austria match. The player withdrew from the squad due to injury or was not preferred by Domenech for a match, despite having several call ups to the team.<mask> was named to Domenech's 30-man preliminary squad for the World Cup. In the team's 2–1 friendly match win over Costa Rica, he made his return to the international scene. There is a chance that <mask> could be a backup in the holding role. Ahead of the competition, it was reported that Domenech was considering changing up the style of play in the team's 4–3–3 formation with Malouda possibly moving from the winger role into the middle. After Malouda was dropped to the bench for insubordination, <mask> was put in his place and made his World Cup debut. The entire match was played by <mask>. He was credited with being the team's best performer in the goalless draw.In France's two remaining group stage matches against Mexico and South Africa, <mask> was a starter. Due to the players going on strike in response to the expulsion of Nicolas Anelka from the team, France lost both matches as the competition ended in disastrous fashion. The team's friendly match against Norway was suspended as a result of the players' revolt. In the team's first two competitive matches of the new season, <mask> was penciled in as a starter. He missed the victory against England due to injury after playing the entire match against Luxembourg. The team played against Brazil on February 9, 2011. He came on as a second-half substitute in France's 1–0 win.For the second time in the season, <mask> withdrew from the team due to injury, after being called back into the team for matches against Luxembourg and Croatia. He returned to the team in June of 2011. All three matches had <mask> in them. He missed the Euro 2012 due to injuries. After a year without an appearance at international level, <mask> returned to the national team in September 2012 under a new manager. He scored his first international goal in a World Cup qualification match. The style of play that <mask> is known for is a box-to-boxMidfielder.While he can play as a defensive player, <mask> has tried to distance himself from that position, saying "I am better if I have a holding player with me". He is more of an offensive player according to his club manager. He isn't a defensive-minded player and he isn't a holding player. He's a player who crosses the field at ease, goes from box to box like it's no distance and has good power as well. During his early years with Auxerre, he was often used as an attackingMidfielder due to his technical ability, close control, and dexterity to dribble past opponents or slip passes to teammates. The player was likened to a former club player by the club manager. The two players have the same physical appearance and preference in their positions.While the two are similar in appearance, <mask> has admitted that there are huge differences, stating, "I think maybe I am more attack-minded, a more technical player." He makes more of a physical impact in the middle of the game. He is amazing. I don't think I have what it takes. I think I can grow in that way, but he is stronger. "I think he was more of a passer of the ball," said the Frenchman in 2009. <mask> makes more penetrating runs and is more of a dribbler.He was more of a mathematician. They have the same type of play but are not completely similar. It was said that <mask> was injury prone. After returning from an ankle injury, <mask> was hampered by niggling injuries that prevented him from playing a full season. During his second season at Auxerre, a season in which he was expected to get some significant playing time, <mask> failed to gain the confidence of manager Jacques Santini due to repetitive injuries he suffered during the autumn portion of the 2005–06 season. After returning to the team, <mask> struggled to return to his previous form, which ultimately resulted in his sale. He played in 40 matches of competitive matches in the 2009–10 season, his highest output for appearances with the club.France's goal tally is listed first in Club International Scores and results. France U19 European Under-19 Championship: 2005 References External links Official foundation page The players are from Paris Saint-Germain. A group of players from the same team are from the same club are from the same team are from the same club are from the same team are from the same team are from the same team are from the same team are from the same team are from the same team are from the same team French expatriates play football in England and the French people of Ivorian descent play sports in England. | [
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47122754 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip%20Trager | Philip Trager | Philip Trager (born 1935) is an American art photographer, known principally for his photographs of architecture and of modern dance. As of 2015, 11 monographs of his photography have been published by houses such as New York Graphic Society; Little, Brown; Wesleyan University Press; and Steidl.
The transfer of Trager's archive of photographic prints, negatives, and marked proofs to the Library of Congress began in 2006. As C. Ford Peatross — founding director and curator for the Library of Congress's Center for Architecture, Design and Engineering — remarked: "[Trager's] careful eye, his sensitivity to the slightest nuances of light and atmosphere and his finely honed understanding of structure have allowed him to capture—and us to see anew—subjects ranging from the gritty vernacular of American cities to the works of Palladio and the monuments of Paris, from the clouds framing and defining landscapes to frozen moments in the drama of the dance." Once the transfer of Trager's work is complete, “this exceptional trove of artistic images will be available to scholars, photographers, and the public for generations to come.”
Biography
Trager was born in 1935 in Bridgeport, Connecticut, where he attended high school. He completed his undergraduate studies in history at Wesleyan University, which conferred an honorary Doctor of Arts degree on him in 2008. He next attended Columbia University School of Law in New York. He pursued dual careers in law and photography until 1992, when he ceased practicing law and commenced devoting his focus to photography exclusively.
Trager lives in Connecticut, his home for most of his life, with his wife, Ina.
Photography
As Library Journal said in 2006, "Trager has spent more than 40 years making photographs that transform our physical world into moments of clarity and brightness unique to the medium." Initially, his images' subjects centered on buildings and their settings, but less from the viewpoint of architect or engineer than from what Peter Schjeldahl has termed "place portraiture."
In 1987, Trager published Villas of Palladio (New York Graphic Society), about which Schjeldahl wrote that, “the place-portraiture of Philip Trager’s Palladian villas [is] . . . as beautiful, it seems to me, as any photographs I have ever seen.” By the time this book was released, however, Trager was already devoting himself to making images of modern dancers in motion. His book Dancers was published in 1992.
Trager does not use stop-action strobes, a photographic device popular with many dance photographers; instead, his images of dancers such as Mark Morris, Eiko & Koma, David Parsons, and Bill T. Jones (among many others), show them soaring through space or sagging heavily to the ground. Trager made almost all of these dance images outdoors in natural light. In the LA Times, Donna Perlmutter said that, "this collection of startling black-and-white museum pieces, using lush alfresco settings. . . besieges the eye with its bold sense of mystery, contradiction and surprise." Returning to architecture in the mid-1990s, Trager began work on a collection of photographs of the built environment bordering the Seine in Paris.
From the start, Trager has used large-format view cameras (particularly 4 x 5 and 5 x 7, occasionally 11 x 14) for his images of architecture. During a 2005 interview with Stephanie Wiles, then director of the Allen Memorial Art Museum at Oberlin College, Trager said, “I happen to be a Type-A personality and quick by nature, and with the view camera somehow you have to slow down. The dance photographs, of course, were totally different.”
To communicate his vision fully and accurately, Trager personally prints all his gelatin silver prints, and relies on a master photographic-printmaker for the palladium and platinum prints often seen in exhibitions. As Jeremy Adamson, chief of the Prints and Photographs Division of the Library of Congress, wrote: “[Trager’s] keen eye for expressive form and shape, his emotional sensitivity to the effects of light and atmosphere, his intellectual appreciation of the dynamics of structures, both architectural and human, and his command of the temporal moment have resulted in extraordinarily evocative compositions.”
Monographs
Although Trager's photographs have been reproduced in many publications dealing with the art of photography, architecture, and dance, he is best known for the meticulously prepared and produced monographs of his black-and-white photographs. Many of his early architectural images were collected in two such monographs: Photographs of Architecture (1977) and Philip Trager: New York (1988), and in the introduction to the latter art historian Samuel M. Green II situated Trager's visual acuity, saying, “the success of these photographs…derives from the penetration of [Trager’s] vision, his ability to state the quintessential.”
His next publication, The Villas of Palladio (1987), was widely and favorably reviewed. For example, in Progressive Architecture, John DiGregorio wrote: “With this volume Trager has done something extraordinary—he has managed to transcend the boundary between the use of the photographic image as visual documentation and its use as a vehicle for artistic expression.”
Changing Paris: A Tour along the Seine (2000), Trager's eighth monograph, was the last to be published by a United States-based publisher. The German publisher Steidl released Faces in 2005 and Philip Trager, the catalogue to a major traveling retrospective exhibition of his work, the following year. The same house is publishing New York in the 1970s (2015), which draws on negatives recently rediscovered by the photographer. In 2016, Steidl will release Photographing Ina.
Bibliography of monographs
Photographing Ina. Foreword by Andrew Szegedy-Maszak. Göttingen, Germany: Steidl, [forthcoming 2016].
New York in the 1970s. Foreword by Stephen C. Pinson. Göttingen, Germany: Steidl, 2015.
Philip Trager [retrospective]. Essays by Barbara L. Michaels, Norton Owen, Andrew Szegedy-Maszak, and John Wood; interview by Stephanie Wiles. Göttingen, Germany: Steidl, 2006.
Faces. Göttingen, Germany: Steidl, 2005.
Changing Paris: A Tour along the Seine. Architectural commentary by Thomas Mellins; foreword by Pierre Borhan; introduction by Diane Johnson. Santa Fe, NM: Arena Editions, 2000.
Persephone. Poems by Eavan Boland and Rita Dove; text by Ralph Lemon and Andrew Szegedy-Maszak. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, with New England Foundation for the Arts, 1996.
Dancers. Foreword by Bill T. Jones; essays by Joan Acocella and David Freedberg; afterword by Mark Morris. Boston: Bulfinch Press, 1992.
The Villas of Palladio. Text by Vincent Scully; foreword by Renato Cevese; introduction by Michael Graves. Boston: New York Graphic Society, 1986.
Wesleyan Photographs. Foreword by Paul Horgan; text by Vincent Scully, Eve Blau, and Samuel M. Green II. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1982.
Philip Trager: New York. Foreword by Louis Auchincloss. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1980.
Photographs of Architecture. Introduction by Samuel M. Green II. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1977.
Echoes of Silence. Danbury, CT: Scroll Press, 1972.
Museum and library collections
The definitive collection of Trager's photographs is owned by the Library of Congress, Washington, DC). A partial list of other North American collections with holdings of his photographs include:
Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin College (Oberlin, OH)
The Art Gallery, University of Maryland (Baltimore)
Baltimore Museum of Art
Canadian Centre for Architecture (Montréal, Québec)
Center for Creative Photography (Tucson, AZ)
Contemporary Art Galleries, University of Connecticut (Storrs)
Davison Art Center, Wesleyan University (Middletown, CT)
George Eastman House International Museum of Photography (Rochester, NY)
Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York)
Museum of the City of New York
Museum of Modern Art (New York)
National Building Museum (Washington, DC)
National Gallery of Art, Corcoran Collection (Washington D.C.)
National Museum of American History (Smithsonian Institution; Washington, DC)
New York Public Library
Philadelphia Museum of Art
Phillips Collection (Washington, DC)
Smith College Museum of Art (Northampton, MA)
Yale University Art Gallery (New Haven, CT)
In Europe, Trager's photographs are in the collections of:
Bibliothèque Nationale (Paris)
Galeries Fnac (Paris)
Musée Carnavalet (Paris)
Musée de l’Elysée Lausanne (Switzerland)
References
External links
American photographers
Living people
1935 births
Artists from Bridgeport, Connecticut | [
"Philip Trager (born 1935) is an American art photographer, known principally for his photographs of architecture and of modern dance.",
"As of 2015, 11 monographs of his photography have been published by houses such as New York Graphic Society; Little, Brown; Wesleyan University Press; and Steidl.",
"The transfer of Trager's archive of photographic prints, negatives, and marked proofs to the Library of Congress began in 2006.",
"As C. Ford Peatross — founding director and curator for the Library of Congress's Center for Architecture, Design and Engineering — remarked: \"[Trager's] careful eye, his sensitivity to the slightest nuances of light and atmosphere and his finely honed understanding of structure have allowed him to capture—and us to see anew—subjects ranging from the gritty vernacular of American cities to the works of Palladio and the monuments of Paris, from the clouds framing and defining landscapes to frozen moments in the drama of the dance.\"",
"Once the transfer of Trager's work is complete, “this exceptional trove of artistic images will be available to scholars, photographers, and the public for generations to come.”\n\nBiography\nTrager was born in 1935 in Bridgeport, Connecticut, where he attended high school.",
"He completed his undergraduate studies in history at Wesleyan University, which conferred an honorary Doctor of Arts degree on him in 2008.",
"He next attended Columbia University School of Law in New York.",
"He pursued dual careers in law and photography until 1992, when he ceased practicing law and commenced devoting his focus to photography exclusively.",
"Trager lives in Connecticut, his home for most of his life, with his wife, Ina.",
"Photography\nAs Library Journal said in 2006, \"Trager has spent more than 40 years making photographs that transform our physical world into moments of clarity and brightness unique to the medium.\"",
"Initially, his images' subjects centered on buildings and their settings, but less from the viewpoint of architect or engineer than from what Peter Schjeldahl has termed \"place portraiture.\"",
"In 1987, Trager published Villas of Palladio (New York Graphic Society), about which Schjeldahl wrote that, “the place-portraiture of Philip Trager’s Palladian villas [is] .",
". . as beautiful, it seems to me, as any photographs I have ever seen.” By the time this book was released, however, Trager was already devoting himself to making images of modern dancers in motion.",
"His book Dancers was published in 1992.",
"Trager does not use stop-action strobes, a photographic device popular with many dance photographers; instead, his images of dancers such as Mark Morris, Eiko & Koma, David Parsons, and Bill T. Jones (among many others), show them soaring through space or sagging heavily to the ground.",
"Trager made almost all of these dance images outdoors in natural light.",
"In the LA Times, Donna Perlmutter said that, \"this collection of startling black-and-white museum pieces, using lush alfresco settings.",
". . besieges the eye with its bold sense of mystery, contradiction and surprise.\"",
"Returning to architecture in the mid-1990s, Trager began work on a collection of photographs of the built environment bordering the Seine in Paris.",
"From the start, Trager has used large-format view cameras (particularly 4 x 5 and 5 x 7, occasionally 11 x 14) for his images of architecture.",
"During a 2005 interview with Stephanie Wiles, then director of the Allen Memorial Art Museum at Oberlin College, Trager said, “I happen to be a Type-A personality and quick by nature, and with the view camera somehow you have to slow down.",
"The dance photographs, of course, were totally different.”\n\nTo communicate his vision fully and accurately, Trager personally prints all his gelatin silver prints, and relies on a master photographic-printmaker for the palladium and platinum prints often seen in exhibitions.",
"As Jeremy Adamson, chief of the Prints and Photographs Division of the Library of Congress, wrote: “[Trager’s] keen eye for expressive form and shape, his emotional sensitivity to the effects of light and atmosphere, his intellectual appreciation of the dynamics of structures, both architectural and human, and his command of the temporal moment have resulted in extraordinarily evocative compositions.”\n\nMonographs\nAlthough Trager's photographs have been reproduced in many publications dealing with the art of photography, architecture, and dance, he is best known for the meticulously prepared and produced monographs of his black-and-white photographs.",
"Many of his early architectural images were collected in two such monographs: Photographs of Architecture (1977) and Philip Trager: New York (1988), and in the introduction to the latter art historian Samuel M. Green II situated Trager's visual acuity, saying, “the success of these photographs…derives from the penetration of [Trager’s] vision, his ability to state the quintessential.”\n\nHis next publication, The Villas of Palladio (1987), was widely and favorably reviewed.",
"For example, in Progressive Architecture, John DiGregorio wrote: “With this volume Trager has done something extraordinary—he has managed to transcend the boundary between the use of the photographic image as visual documentation and its use as a vehicle for artistic expression.”\n\nChanging Paris: A Tour along the Seine (2000), Trager's eighth monograph, was the last to be published by a United States-based publisher.",
"The German publisher Steidl released Faces in 2005 and Philip Trager, the catalogue to a major traveling retrospective exhibition of his work, the following year.",
"The same house is publishing New York in the 1970s (2015), which draws on negatives recently rediscovered by the photographer.",
"In 2016, Steidl will release Photographing Ina.",
"Bibliography of monographs\nPhotographing Ina.",
"Foreword by Andrew Szegedy-Maszak.",
"Göttingen, Germany: Steidl, [forthcoming 2016].",
"New York in the 1970s.",
"Foreword by Stephen C. Pinson.",
"Göttingen, Germany: Steidl, 2015.",
"Philip Trager [retrospective].",
"Essays by Barbara L. Michaels, Norton Owen, Andrew Szegedy-Maszak, and John Wood; interview by Stephanie Wiles.",
"Göttingen, Germany: Steidl, 2006.",
"Faces.",
"Göttingen, Germany: Steidl, 2005.",
"Changing Paris: A Tour along the Seine.",
"Architectural commentary by Thomas Mellins; foreword by Pierre Borhan; introduction by Diane Johnson.",
"Santa Fe, NM: Arena Editions, 2000.",
"Persephone.",
"Poems by Eavan Boland and Rita Dove; text by Ralph Lemon and Andrew Szegedy-Maszak.",
"Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, with New England Foundation for the Arts, 1996.",
"Dancers.",
"Foreword by Bill T. Jones; essays by Joan Acocella and David Freedberg; afterword by Mark Morris.",
"Boston: Bulfinch Press, 1992.",
"The Villas of Palladio.",
"Text by Vincent Scully; foreword by Renato Cevese; introduction by Michael Graves.",
"Boston: New York Graphic Society, 1986.",
"Wesleyan Photographs.",
"Foreword by Paul Horgan; text by Vincent Scully, Eve Blau, and Samuel M. Green II.",
"Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1982.",
"Philip Trager: New York.",
"Foreword by Louis Auchincloss.",
"Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1980.",
"Photographs of Architecture.",
"Introduction by Samuel M. Green II.",
"Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1977.",
"Echoes of Silence.",
"Danbury, CT: Scroll Press, 1972.",
"Museum and library collections \nThe definitive collection of Trager's photographs is owned by the Library of Congress, Washington, DC)."
] | [
"Philip Trager is an American art photographer best known for his photographs of architecture and modern dance.",
"His photography has been published in 11 monographs by houses such as New York Graphic Society and Little, Brown.",
"In 2006 the archive of photographic prints, negatives, and marked proof was transferred to the Library of Congress.",
"C. Ford Peatross is the founding director and curator of the Library of Congress's Center for Architecture, Design and Engineering.",
"This exceptional trove of artistic images will be available to scholars, photographers, and the public for generations to come once the transfer of Trager's work is complete.",
"He received a Doctor of Arts degree from Wesleyan University in 2008 after completing his undergraduate studies in history.",
"Columbia University School of Law is in New York.",
"When he stopped practicing law in 1992, he concentrated on photography.",
"Trager and his wife, Ina, live in Connecticut.",
"According to the Library Journal, \"Trager has spent more than 40 years making photographs that transform our physical world into unique moments of clarity and brightness to the medium.\"",
"Initially, his images centered on buildings and their settings, but less from the viewpoint of an architect or engineer than from what Peter Schjeldahl has termed \"place portraiture.\"",
"The place-portraiture of Philip Trager's Palladian villas is what was written about in Villas of Palladio.",
"As beautiful, it seems to me, as any photographs I have ever seen, by the time this book was released, Trager was already devoting himself to making images of modern dancers in motion.",
"His book was published in 1992.",
"Trager does not use stop-action strobes, a photographic device popular with many dance photographers; instead, his images of dancers such as Mark Morris, Eiko & Koma, David Parsons, and Bill T. Jones, show them soaring through space or sagging heavily.",
"Trager made most of the dance images outdoors.",
"Donna Perlmutter said in the LA Times that there was a collection of black-and-white museum pieces.",
"The eye issieges it with its bold sense of mystery, contradiction and surprise.",
"Trager returned to architecture in the mid 1990s and began work on a collection of photographs of the built environment in Paris.",
"Trager has used large-format view cameras for his images of architecture.",
"Trager said in a 2005 interview with Wiles that he was a \"Type-A personality and quick by nature\" and that he had to slow down.",
"To communicate his vision fully and accurately, Trager personally prints all his gelatin silver prints, and relies on a master photographic-printmaker for the palladium and Platinum prints often seen in exhibitions.",
"Jeremy Adamson, chief of the Prints and Photographs Division of the Library of Congress, wrote: \"Trager's keen eye for expression and shape, his emotional sensitivity to the effects of light and atmosphere, his intellectual appreciation of the dynamics of structures, both architectural and human, and",
"In the introduction to Philip Trager: New York (1988), the art historian Samuel M. Green II said that the success of the photographs was due to Trager's visual acuity.",
"John DiGregorio wrote about Trager's use of the photographic image as visual documentation and its use as a vehicle for artistic expression in Changing Paris: A Tour along the Seine.",
"Philip Trager, the catalogue to a major traveling retrospective exhibition of his work, the following year, was released by the German publisher Steidl.",
"New York was published in the 1970s by the same house.",
"Steidl will release Photographing Ina.",
"There is a list of photographs of Ina.",
"Andrew Szegedy-Maszak is the author.",
"Steidl will be coming in Gttingen, Germany.",
"New York in the 70s.",
"Stephen C. Pinson was the author.",
"Steidl, 2015, Gttingen, Germany.",
"Philip Trager has a retrospective.",
"Essays were written by Barbara L. Michaels, Andrew Szegedy-Maszak, and John Wood.",
"Steidl was written in Gttingen, Germany.",
"There are faces.",
"Steidl was written in Gttingen, Germany.",
"Changing Paris is a tour along the river.",
"The introduction by Diane Johnson was written by Pierre Borhan.",
"Arena Editions was in Santa Fe, NM.",
"There is a phone.",
"The poems were written by Eavan Boland and Rita Dove.",
"The New England Foundation for the Arts and Wesleyan University Press collaborated in 1996.",
"There are dancers.",
"Mark Morris gave an afterword to the essays by Joan Acocella and David Freedberg.",
"Boston: Bulfinch Press in 1992.",
"The Villas of Palladio are located in Palladio.",
"The introduction was written by Michael Graves.",
"The New York Graphic Society was in Boston.",
"Photographs from Wesleyan.",
"The text was written by Samuel M. Green II.",
"The Wesleyan University Press was published in 1982.",
"Philip Trager is from New York.",
"It was written by Louis Auchincloss.",
"The Wesleyan University Press was published in 1980.",
"There are photographs of architecture.",
"The introduction was written by Samuel M. Green II.",
"The Wesleyan University Press was published in 1977.",
"There were echoes of silence.",
"The Scroll Press was published in 1972.",
"The definitive collection of Trager's photographs is owned by the Library of Congress."
] | <mask> (born 1935) is an American art photographer, known principally for his photographs of architecture and of modern dance. As of 2015, 11 monographs of his photography have been published by houses such as New York Graphic Society; Little, Brown; Wesleyan University Press; and Steidl. The transfer of Trager's archive of photographic prints, negatives, and marked proofs to the Library of Congress began in 2006. As C. Ford Peatross — founding director and curator for the Library of Congress's Center for Architecture, Design and Engineering — remarked: "[Trager's] careful eye, his sensitivity to the slightest nuances of light and atmosphere and his finely honed understanding of structure have allowed him to capture—and us to see anew—subjects ranging from the gritty vernacular of American cities to the works of Palladio and the monuments of Paris, from the clouds framing and defining landscapes to frozen moments in the drama of the dance." Once the transfer of Trager's work is complete, “this exceptional trove of artistic images will be available to scholars, photographers, and the public for generations to come.”
Biography
Trager was born in 1935 in Bridgeport, Connecticut, where he attended high school. He completed his undergraduate studies in history at Wesleyan University, which conferred an honorary Doctor of Arts degree on him in 2008. He next attended Columbia University School of Law in New York.He pursued dual careers in law and photography until 1992, when he ceased practicing law and commenced devoting his focus to photography exclusively. Trager lives in Connecticut, his home for most of his life, with his wife, Ina. Photography
As Library Journal said in 2006, "Trager has spent more than 40 years making photographs that transform our physical world into moments of clarity and brightness unique to the medium." Initially, his images' subjects centered on buildings and their settings, but less from the viewpoint of architect or engineer than from what Peter Schjeldahl has termed "place portraiture." In 1987, Trager published Villas of Palladio (New York Graphic Society), about which Schjeldahl wrote that, “the place-portraiture of <mask>’s Palladian villas [is] . . . as beautiful, it seems to me, as any photographs I have ever seen.” By the time this book was released, however, Trager was already devoting himself to making images of modern dancers in motion. His book Dancers was published in 1992.Trager does not use stop-action strobes, a photographic device popular with many dance photographers; instead, his images of dancers such as Mark Morris, Eiko & Koma, David Parsons, and Bill T. Jones (among many others), show them soaring through space or sagging heavily to the ground. Trager made almost all of these dance images outdoors in natural light. In the LA Times, Donna Perlmutter said that, "this collection of startling black-and-white museum pieces, using lush alfresco settings. . . besieges the eye with its bold sense of mystery, contradiction and surprise." Returning to architecture in the mid-1990s, Trager began work on a collection of photographs of the built environment bordering the Seine in Paris. From the start, Trager has used large-format view cameras (particularly 4 x 5 and 5 x 7, occasionally 11 x 14) for his images of architecture. During a 2005 interview with Stephanie Wiles, then director of the Allen Memorial Art Museum at Oberlin College, Trager said, “I happen to be a Type-A personality and quick by nature, and with the view camera somehow you have to slow down.The dance photographs, of course, were totally different.”
To communicate his vision fully and accurately, Trager personally prints all his gelatin silver prints, and relies on a master photographic-printmaker for the palladium and platinum prints often seen in exhibitions. As Jeremy Adamson, chief of the Prints and Photographs Division of the Library of Congress, wrote: “[Trager’s] keen eye for expressive form and shape, his emotional sensitivity to the effects of light and atmosphere, his intellectual appreciation of the dynamics of structures, both architectural and human, and his command of the temporal moment have resulted in extraordinarily evocative compositions.”
Monographs
Although Trager's photographs have been reproduced in many publications dealing with the art of photography, architecture, and dance, he is best known for the meticulously prepared and produced monographs of his black-and-white photographs. Many of his early architectural images were collected in two such monographs: Photographs of Architecture (1977) and <mask>rager: New York (1988), and in the introduction to the latter art historian Samuel M. Green II situated Trager's visual acuity, saying, “the success of these photographs…derives from the penetration of [Trager’s] vision, his ability to state the quintessential.”
His next publication, The Villas of Palladio (1987), was widely and favorably reviewed. For example, in Progressive Architecture, John DiGregorio wrote: “With this volume Trager has done something extraordinary—he has managed to transcend the boundary between the use of the photographic image as visual documentation and its use as a vehicle for artistic expression.”
Changing Paris: A Tour along the Seine (2000), Trager's eighth monograph, was the last to be published by a United States-based publisher. The German publisher Steidl released Faces in 2005 and Philip Trager, the catalogue to a major traveling retrospective exhibition of his work, the following year. The same house is publishing New York in the 1970s (2015), which draws on negatives recently rediscovered by the photographer. In 2016, Steidl will release Photographing Ina.Bibliography of monographs
Photographing Ina. Foreword by Andrew Szegedy-Maszak. Göttingen, Germany: Steidl, [forthcoming 2016]. New York in the 1970s. Foreword by Stephen C. Pinson. Göttingen, Germany: Steidl, 2015. <mask>r [retrospective].Essays by Barbara L. Michaels, Norton Owen, Andrew Szegedy-Maszak, and John Wood; interview by Stephanie Wiles. Göttingen, Germany: Steidl, 2006. Faces. Göttingen, Germany: Steidl, 2005. Changing Paris: A Tour along the Seine. Architectural commentary by Thomas Mellins; foreword by Pierre Borhan; introduction by Diane Johnson. Santa Fe, NM: Arena Editions, 2000.Persephone. Poems by Eavan Boland and Rita Dove; text by Ralph Lemon and Andrew Szegedy-Maszak. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, with New England Foundation for the Arts, 1996. Dancers. Foreword by Bill T. Jones; essays by Joan Acocella and David Freedberg; afterword by Mark Morris. Boston: Bulfinch Press, 1992. The Villas of Palladio.Text by Vincent Scully; foreword by Renato Cevese; introduction by Michael Graves. Boston: New York Graphic Society, 1986. Wesleyan Photographs. Foreword by Paul Horgan; text by Vincent Scully, Eve Blau, and Samuel M. Green II. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1982. <mask>r: New York. Foreword by Louis Auchincloss.Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1980. Photographs of Architecture. Introduction by Samuel M. Green II. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1977. Echoes of Silence. Danbury, CT: Scroll Press, 1972. Museum and library collections
The definitive collection of Trager's photographs is owned by the Library of Congress, Washington, DC). | [
"Philip Trager",
"Philip Trager",
"Philip T",
"Philip Trage",
"Philip Trage"
] | <mask> is an American art photographer best known for his photographs of architecture and modern dance. His photography has been published in 11 monographs by houses such as New York Graphic Society and Little, Brown. In 2006 the archive of photographic prints, negatives, and marked proof was transferred to the Library of Congress. C. Ford Peatross is the founding director and curator of the Library of Congress's Center for Architecture, Design and Engineering. This exceptional trove of artistic images will be available to scholars, photographers, and the public for generations to come once the transfer of Trager's work is complete. He received a Doctor of Arts degree from Wesleyan University in 2008 after completing his undergraduate studies in history. Columbia University School of Law is in New York.When he stopped practicing law in 1992, he concentrated on photography. Trager and his wife, Ina, live in Connecticut. According to the Library Journal, "Trager has spent more than 40 years making photographs that transform our physical world into unique moments of clarity and brightness to the medium." Initially, his images centered on buildings and their settings, but less from the viewpoint of an architect or engineer than from what Peter Schjeldahl has termed "place portraiture." The place-portraiture of <mask>'s Palladian villas is what was written about in Villas of Palladio. As beautiful, it seems to me, as any photographs I have ever seen, by the time this book was released, Trager was already devoting himself to making images of modern dancers in motion. His book was published in 1992.Trager does not use stop-action strobes, a photographic device popular with many dance photographers; instead, his images of dancers such as Mark Morris, Eiko & Koma, David Parsons, and Bill T. Jones, show them soaring through space or sagging heavily. Trager made most of the dance images outdoors. Donna Perlmutter said in the LA Times that there was a collection of black-and-white museum pieces. The eye issieges it with its bold sense of mystery, contradiction and surprise. Trager returned to architecture in the mid 1990s and began work on a collection of photographs of the built environment in Paris. Trager has used large-format view cameras for his images of architecture. Trager said in a 2005 interview with Wiles that he was a "Type-A personality and quick by nature" and that he had to slow down.To communicate his vision fully and accurately, Trager personally prints all his gelatin silver prints, and relies on a master photographic-printmaker for the palladium and Platinum prints often seen in exhibitions. Jeremy Adamson, chief of the Prints and Photographs Division of the Library of Congress, wrote: "Trager's keen eye for expression and shape, his emotional sensitivity to the effects of light and atmosphere, his intellectual appreciation of the dynamics of structures, both architectural and human, and In the introduction to <mask>r: New York (1988), the art historian Samuel M. Green II said that the success of the photographs was due to Trager's visual acuity. John DiGregorio wrote about Trager's use of the photographic image as visual documentation and its use as a vehicle for artistic expression in Changing Paris: A Tour along the Seine. <mask>, the catalogue to a major traveling retrospective exhibition of his work, the following year, was released by the German publisher Steidl. New York was published in the 1970s by the same house. Steidl will release Photographing Ina.There is a list of photographs of Ina. Andrew Szegedy-Maszak is the author. Steidl will be coming in Gttingen, Germany. New York in the 70s. Stephen C. Pinson was the author. Steidl, 2015, Gttingen, Germany. <mask> has a retrospective.Essays were written by Barbara L. Michaels, Andrew Szegedy-Maszak, and John Wood. Steidl was written in Gttingen, Germany. There are faces. Steidl was written in Gttingen, Germany. Changing Paris is a tour along the river. The introduction by Diane Johnson was written by Pierre Borhan. Arena Editions was in Santa Fe, NM.There is a phone. The poems were written by Eavan Boland and Rita Dove. The New England Foundation for the Arts and Wesleyan University Press collaborated in 1996. There are dancers. Mark Morris gave an afterword to the essays by Joan Acocella and David Freedberg. Boston: Bulfinch Press in 1992. The Villas of Palladio are located in Palladio.The introduction was written by Michael Graves. The New York Graphic Society was in Boston. Photographs from Wesleyan. The text was written by Samuel M. Green II. The Wesleyan University Press was published in 1982. <mask> is from New York. It was written by Louis Auchincloss.The Wesleyan University Press was published in 1980. There are photographs of architecture. The introduction was written by Samuel M. Green II. The Wesleyan University Press was published in 1977. There were echoes of silence. The Scroll Press was published in 1972. The definitive collection of Trager's photographs is owned by the Library of Congress. | [
"Philip Trager",
"Philip Trager",
"Philip Trage",
"Philip Trager",
"Philip Trager",
"Philip Trager"
] |
5366890 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricky%20Nolasco | Ricky Nolasco | Carlos Enrique Nolasco (born December 13, 1982) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Florida/Miami Marlins, Los Angeles Dodgers, Minnesota Twins, and Los Angeles Angels. He is of Mexican descent.
Early life
Born in Corona, California to Mexican parents, Nolasco attended Rialto High School in Rialto, California. He graduated in 2001 and was drafted out of high school in the fourth round of the 2001 Major League Baseball draft by the Chicago Cubs.
Professional career
Chicago Cubs
Nolasco began his professional career in the Rookie-level Arizona League with the Arizona League Cubs. In five games with the team, including four starts, he recorded a 1-0 win-loss record with an earned-run average (ERA) of 1.50. He spent the 2002 season with the Boise Hawks of the Class A-Short Season Northwest League, earning a record of 7–2 with an ERA of 2.48 in 15 starts. The next season, Nolasco was assigned to the Daytona Cubs of the Class A-Advanced Florida State League, where he went 11–5 with a 2.96 ERA in 26 starts.
Nolasco started the 2004 season in the Double-A (AA) Southern League with the West Tenn Diamond Jaxx. A month into the season, on May 16, he was called up to the Triple-A Iowa Cubs of the Pacific Coast League. He made nine starts for Iowa, accumulating a record of 2–3 with an ERA of 9.30 before being sent back down to AA on June 28. Nolasco spent the rest of the season there; he finished the season with a record of 6-4 and an ERA of 3.70 in 19 starts throughout both stints with the Diamond Jaxx during the 2004 season. Nolasco then spent the entire 2005 season in AA as he achieved an impressive 14–3 record with an ERA of 2.89 in 27 starts. Nolasco received the Southern League’s Most Outstanding Pitcher Award for the 2005 season.
Florida/Miami Marlins
The Florida Marlins acquired Nolasco, Sergio Mitre, and Renyel Pinto from the Cubs for Juan Pierre on December 7, 2005. He made the opening day roster in 2006 and made his debut with 3 scoreless innings of relief on April 5 against the Houston Astros. He struck out Jason Lane for his first Major League strikeout. He recorded his first win with 2 innings of relief against the Cubs on April 26. He made his first start on May 22, also against the Cubs, and allowed 1 run in 7 innings to get the win.
Nolasco missed most of the 2007 season with an injury and then started the 2008 season as a middle reliever, but quickly found his way to the top of the rotation as Florida's top starting pitcher. On August 19, 2008, he pitched a two-hitter against the San Francisco Giants. With one out in the 9th inning, he gave up a double; the only other hit given up by him was a ball deflected off the glove of first baseman Mike Jacobs. Nolasco also had a two-run double in the game. Nolasco won 15 games in 2008, putting him in the top 5 in wins in the National League.
Nolasco was named the 2009 Opening Day starter, throwing in six innings and win against the Washington Nationals. On September 30, 2009, Nolasco struck out 16 batters, breaking A. J. Burnett's record for 14 strikeouts in a single game for the Florida Marlins.
In December 2010, Nolasco agreed to a contract extension with the Marlins to remain with the team through 2013.
On August 23, 2011, Nolasco became the Marlins franchise leader in strikeouts, overtaking Dontrelle Willis. A year later on May 22, 2012 he won his 69th game, overtaking Willis' club record of 68 wins with the Marlins. He finished the season with a 4.48 ERA in 191 innings pitched, with 47 walks, 125 strikeouts, a 1.37 WHIP, and a 12–13 record.
Los Angeles Dodgers
On July 6, 2013, he was traded to the Los Angeles Dodgers for Josh Wall, and two minor league pitchers Steve Ames, and Ángel Sánchez. He made 15 starts for the Dodgers and was 8–3 with a 3.52 ERA.
Minnesota Twins
On November 27, 2013, Nolasco agreed to terms with the Minnesota Twins on a four-year, $49 million contract. In his first season as a Twin, Nolasco posted a disappointing 5.38 ERA in 27 starts. Nolasco's 2015 season was cut short due to injury, recording a 6.75 ERA in 8 starts while also appearing in one game out of the bullpen. For the 2016 season, Nolasco competed for a rotation spot with Tyler Duffey. Duffey ended up being sent down to AAA before the season began, anointing Nolasco the 5th starter. He continued his regression from his previous two seasons, registering an ERA of 5.13 in 21 starts for the Twins. Nolasco ended his two and half seasons with the Twins with a 15–22 record.
Los Angeles Angels
On August 1, 2016, the Twins traded Nolasco with Alex Meyer plus cash in exchange for Angels pitchers Hector Santiago and Alan Busenitz. He had the lowest zone percentage of all major league pitchers, with only 39.1% of his pitches being in the strike zone.
For the 2017 season, Nolasco was chosen to be the Angels' Opening Day starting pitcher. Nolasco's 2017 season was his worst season of his career, finishing with a record of 6-15 with a 4.92 ERA in 33 starts.
Kansas City Royals
Nolasco signed a minor league contract with the Kansas City Royals on March 7, 2018. He was released on March 24.
Arizona Diamondbacks
On February 8, 2019, Nolasco signed a minor league contract with the Arizona Diamondbacks that included an invitation to spring training. He elected free agency on November 7, 2019.
Pitching style
Nolasco throws five pitches: a four-seam fastball, a sinker, a split-finger fastball, a slider, and a knuckle curve .
Personal life
Nolasco goes by the first name "Ricky" because his father named his son after his favorite Dodger, Rick Monday. Nolasco's older brother, Dave, attended Riverside Community College and was selected by the Milwaukee Brewers in the 23rd round of the 2001 MLB draft.
See also
List of Miami Marlins team records
References
External links
1982 births
Living people
Florida Marlins players
Miami Marlins players
Los Angeles Dodgers players
Minnesota Twins players
Los Angeles Angels players
Boise Hawks players
Daytona Cubs players
Iowa Cubs players
West Tennessee Diamond Jaxx players
Jupiter Hammerheads players
Gulf Coast Marlins players
Albuquerque Isotopes players
Carolina Mudcats players
New Orleans Zephyrs players
Peoria Saguaros players
Cedar Rapids Kernels players
American baseball players of Mexican descent
Baseball players from California
Major League Baseball pitchers
People from Corona, California
Arizona League Cubs players
Sportspeople from Rialto, California | [
"Carlos Enrique Nolasco (born December 13, 1982) is an American former professional baseball pitcher.",
"He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Florida/Miami Marlins, Los Angeles Dodgers, Minnesota Twins, and Los Angeles Angels.",
"He is of Mexican descent.",
"Early life\nBorn in Corona, California to Mexican parents, Nolasco attended Rialto High School in Rialto, California.",
"He graduated in 2001 and was drafted out of high school in the fourth round of the 2001 Major League Baseball draft by the Chicago Cubs.",
"Professional career\n\nChicago Cubs\nNolasco began his professional career in the Rookie-level Arizona League with the Arizona League Cubs.",
"In five games with the team, including four starts, he recorded a 1-0 win-loss record with an earned-run average (ERA) of 1.50.",
"He spent the 2002 season with the Boise Hawks of the Class A-Short Season Northwest League, earning a record of 7–2 with an ERA of 2.48 in 15 starts.",
"The next season, Nolasco was assigned to the Daytona Cubs of the Class A-Advanced Florida State League, where he went 11–5 with a 2.96 ERA in 26 starts.",
"Nolasco started the 2004 season in the Double-A (AA) Southern League with the West Tenn Diamond Jaxx.",
"A month into the season, on May 16, he was called up to the Triple-A Iowa Cubs of the Pacific Coast League.",
"He made nine starts for Iowa, accumulating a record of 2–3 with an ERA of 9.30 before being sent back down to AA on June 28.",
"Nolasco spent the rest of the season there; he finished the season with a record of 6-4 and an ERA of 3.70 in 19 starts throughout both stints with the Diamond Jaxx during the 2004 season.",
"Nolasco then spent the entire 2005 season in AA as he achieved an impressive 14–3 record with an ERA of 2.89 in 27 starts.",
"Nolasco received the Southern League’s Most Outstanding Pitcher Award for the 2005 season.",
"Florida/Miami Marlins\n\nThe Florida Marlins acquired Nolasco, Sergio Mitre, and Renyel Pinto from the Cubs for Juan Pierre on December 7, 2005.",
"He made the opening day roster in 2006 and made his debut with 3 scoreless innings of relief on April 5 against the Houston Astros.",
"He struck out Jason Lane for his first Major League strikeout.",
"He recorded his first win with 2 innings of relief against the Cubs on April 26.",
"He made his first start on May 22, also against the Cubs, and allowed 1 run in 7 innings to get the win.",
"Nolasco missed most of the 2007 season with an injury and then started the 2008 season as a middle reliever, but quickly found his way to the top of the rotation as Florida's top starting pitcher.",
"On August 19, 2008, he pitched a two-hitter against the San Francisco Giants.",
"With one out in the 9th inning, he gave up a double; the only other hit given up by him was a ball deflected off the glove of first baseman Mike Jacobs.",
"Nolasco also had a two-run double in the game.",
"Nolasco won 15 games in 2008, putting him in the top 5 in wins in the National League.",
"Nolasco was named the 2009 Opening Day starter, throwing in six innings and win against the Washington Nationals.",
"On September 30, 2009, Nolasco struck out 16 batters, breaking A. J. Burnett's record for 14 strikeouts in a single game for the Florida Marlins.",
"In December 2010, Nolasco agreed to a contract extension with the Marlins to remain with the team through 2013.",
"On August 23, 2011, Nolasco became the Marlins franchise leader in strikeouts, overtaking Dontrelle Willis.",
"A year later on May 22, 2012 he won his 69th game, overtaking Willis' club record of 68 wins with the Marlins.",
"He finished the season with a 4.48 ERA in 191 innings pitched, with 47 walks, 125 strikeouts, a 1.37 WHIP, and a 12–13 record.",
"Los Angeles Dodgers\n\nOn July 6, 2013, he was traded to the Los Angeles Dodgers for Josh Wall, and two minor league pitchers Steve Ames, and Ángel Sánchez.",
"He made 15 starts for the Dodgers and was 8–3 with a 3.52 ERA.",
"Minnesota Twins\nOn November 27, 2013, Nolasco agreed to terms with the Minnesota Twins on a four-year, $49 million contract.",
"In his first season as a Twin, Nolasco posted a disappointing 5.38 ERA in 27 starts.",
"Nolasco's 2015 season was cut short due to injury, recording a 6.75 ERA in 8 starts while also appearing in one game out of the bullpen.",
"For the 2016 season, Nolasco competed for a rotation spot with Tyler Duffey.",
"Duffey ended up being sent down to AAA before the season began, anointing Nolasco the 5th starter.",
"He continued his regression from his previous two seasons, registering an ERA of 5.13 in 21 starts for the Twins.",
"Nolasco ended his two and half seasons with the Twins with a 15–22 record.",
"Los Angeles Angels\nOn August 1, 2016, the Twins traded Nolasco with Alex Meyer plus cash in exchange for Angels pitchers Hector Santiago and Alan Busenitz.",
"He had the lowest zone percentage of all major league pitchers, with only 39.1% of his pitches being in the strike zone.",
"For the 2017 season, Nolasco was chosen to be the Angels' Opening Day starting pitcher.",
"Nolasco's 2017 season was his worst season of his career, finishing with a record of 6-15 with a 4.92 ERA in 33 starts.",
"Kansas City Royals\nNolasco signed a minor league contract with the Kansas City Royals on March 7, 2018.",
"He was released on March 24.",
"Arizona Diamondbacks\nOn February 8, 2019, Nolasco signed a minor league contract with the Arizona Diamondbacks that included an invitation to spring training.",
"He elected free agency on November 7, 2019.",
"Pitching style\nNolasco throws five pitches: a four-seam fastball, a sinker, a split-finger fastball, a slider, and a knuckle curve .",
"Personal life\nNolasco goes by the first name \"Ricky\" because his father named his son after his favorite Dodger, Rick Monday.",
"Nolasco's older brother, Dave, attended Riverside Community College and was selected by the Milwaukee Brewers in the 23rd round of the 2001 MLB draft.",
"See also\n\n List of Miami Marlins team records\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n1982 births\nLiving people\nFlorida Marlins players\nMiami Marlins players\nLos Angeles Dodgers players\nMinnesota Twins players\nLos Angeles Angels players\nBoise Hawks players\nDaytona Cubs players\nIowa Cubs players\nWest Tennessee Diamond Jaxx players\nJupiter Hammerheads players\nGulf Coast Marlins players\nAlbuquerque Isotopes players\nCarolina Mudcats players\nNew Orleans Zephyrs players\nPeoria Saguaros players\nCedar Rapids Kernels players\nAmerican baseball players of Mexican descent\nBaseball players from California\nMajor League Baseball pitchers\nPeople from Corona, California\nArizona League Cubs players\nSportspeople from Rialto, California"
] | [
"Carlos Nolasco was born on December 13, 1982.",
"He played for the Los Angeles Dodgers, Minnesota Twins, and Los Angeles Angels.",
"He is of Mexican descent.",
"Nolasco was born in Corona, California to Mexican parents.",
"He was drafted by the Chicago Cubs in the fourth round of the 2001 Major League Baseball draft.",
"The Arizona League Cubs were where Nolasco began his professional career.",
"He recorded a win-loss record with an earned-run average of 1.50 in five games with the team.",
"He spent the 2002 season with the Hawks of the Class A- Short Season Northwest League, earning a record of 7–2 with an average of 2.48 in 15 starts.",
"The next season, Nolasco was assigned to the Daytona Cubs of the Class A-Advanced Florida State League, where he went 11–5 with a 2.69 earned run average in 26 starts.",
"Nolasco started the 2004 season with the West Tenn Diamond Jaxx.",
"He was called up to the Iowa Cubs of the Pacific Coast League on May 16.",
"He was sent back to AA on June 28 after making nine starts for Iowa, with a record of 2–3 with an ERA of 9.30.",
"During his second stint with the Diamond Jaxx in 2004, Nolasco finished the season with a record of 6-3 and an earned run average of 3.70 in 19 starts.",
"Nolasco spent the entire 2005 season in AA as he achieved an impressive 14–3 record with an average of 2.89 in 27 starts.",
"The Southern League gave the Most Outstanding Pitcher Award to Nolasco.",
"On December 7, 2005, the Florida Marlins acquired Ricky Nolasco from the Cubs in exchange for Juan Pierre.",
"He made the opening day roster in 2006 and made his debut on April 5 against the Houston Astros.",
"He struck out the pitcher for the first time.",
"He won his first game as a relief pitcher against the Cubs on April 26.",
"He made his second start on May 22, this time against the Cubs, and allowed 1 run to get the win.",
"Nolasco missed most of the 2007 season with an injury and then started the 2008 season as a middleReliever, but quickly found his way to the top of the rotation as Florida's top starting pitcher.",
"He pitched a two-hitter against the Giants.",
"He gave up a double with one out in the 9th and the only other hit he gave up was a ball off the glove of first baseman Mike Jacobs.",
"Nolasco had a two-run double.",
"Nolasco was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217",
"Ricky Nolasco was named the Opening Day starter in 2009, and he pitched a six-inning victory over the Washington Nationals.",
"Nolasco broke A. J. Burnett's record for 14 strikeouts in a single game.",
"In December 2010, Nolasco agreed to a contract extension with the team.",
"On August 23, 2011, Nolasco became the franchise leader in strikeouts.",
"He won his 69th game on May 22, 2012 and became the winningest player in the club's history.",
"He finished the season with a 4.58 earned run average in 191 appearances, with 47 walks, 125 strikeouts, and a 1.37 WHIP.",
"He was traded to the Los Angeles Dodgers for Josh Wall and two minor league pitchers.",
"He made 15 starts for the Dodgers and was 8–3 with a 3.52 ERA.",
"The Minnesota Twins and Ricky Nolasco agreed to terms on a four-year, $49 million contract.",
"Nolasco had a disappointing season in his first year as a Twin.",
"Nolasco's 2015 season was cut short due to injury, and he only appeared in one game out of the pen.",
"Nolasco competed for a rotation spot with Tyler Duffey.",
"Nolasco was anointed the 5th starter by Duffey before the season began.",
"He was 5.13 in 21 starts for the Twins, a regression from his previous two seasons.",
"The Twins ended Nolasco's two and half seasons with a 15–22 record.",
"The Twins traded Ricky Nolasco with Alex Meyer in exchange for the Angels pitchers.",
"He had the lowest percentage of pitches in the strike zone of all the major league pitchers.",
"The Angels chose Nolasco to be their opening day starter.",
"In 33 starts, Nolasco had a record of 6-15 with a 4.92 earned run average.",
"The Kansas City Royals signed Nolasco to a minor league contract.",
"He was released on March 24.",
"On February 8, Nolasco signed a minor league contract with Arizona and was invited to spring training.",
"He was elected free agency on November 7, 2019.",
"The five pitches Nolasco throws are a four-seam fastball, a sinker, a split-fingered fastball, and a knuckle curve.",
"Nolasco's father named his son \"Ricky\" because he was a fan of Rick Monday.",
"Dave was drafted by the Milwaukee Brewers in the 23rd round of the 2001 MLB draft.",
"There are links to the Miami Marlins team records."
] | <mask> (born December 13, 1982) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Florida/Miami Marlins, Los Angeles Dodgers, Minnesota Twins, and Los Angeles Angels. He is of Mexican descent. Early life
Born in Corona, California to Mexican parents, <mask> attended Rialto High School in Rialto, California. He graduated in 2001 and was drafted out of high school in the fourth round of the 2001 Major League Baseball draft by the Chicago Cubs. Professional career
Chicago Cubs
<mask> began his professional career in the Rookie-level Arizona League with the Arizona League Cubs. In five games with the team, including four starts, he recorded a 1-0 win-loss record with an earned-run average (ERA) of 1.50.He spent the 2002 season with the Boise Hawks of the Class A-Short Season Northwest League, earning a record of 7–2 with an ERA of 2.48 in 15 starts. The next season, <mask> was assigned to the Daytona Cubs of the Class A-Advanced Florida State League, where he went 11–5 with a 2.96 ERA in 26 starts. <mask> started the 2004 season in the Double-A (AA) Southern League with the West Tenn Diamond Jaxx. A month into the season, on May 16, he was called up to the Triple-A Iowa Cubs of the Pacific Coast League. He made nine starts for Iowa, accumulating a record of 2–3 with an ERA of 9.30 before being sent back down to AA on June 28. <mask> spent the rest of the season there; he finished the season with a record of 6-4 and an ERA of 3.70 in 19 starts throughout both stints with the Diamond Jaxx during the 2004 season. <mask> then spent the entire 2005 season in AA as he achieved an impressive 14–3 record with an ERA of 2.89 in 27 starts.<mask> received the Southern League’s Most Outstanding Pitcher Award for the 2005 season. Florida/Miami Marlins
The Florida Marlins acquired <mask>, Sergio Mitre, and Renyel Pinto from the Cubs for Juan Pierre on December 7, 2005. He made the opening day roster in 2006 and made his debut with 3 scoreless innings of relief on April 5 against the Houston Astros. He struck out Jason Lane for his first Major League strikeout. He recorded his first win with 2 innings of relief against the Cubs on April 26. He made his first start on May 22, also against the Cubs, and allowed 1 run in 7 innings to get the win. <mask> missed most of the 2007 season with an injury and then started the 2008 season as a middle reliever, but quickly found his way to the top of the rotation as Florida's top starting pitcher.On August 19, 2008, he pitched a two-hitter against the San Francisco Giants. With one out in the 9th inning, he gave up a double; the only other hit given up by him was a ball deflected off the glove of first baseman Mike Jacobs. <mask> also had a two-run double in the game. <mask> won 15 games in 2008, putting him in the top 5 in wins in the National League. <mask> was named the 2009 Opening Day starter, throwing in six innings and win against the Washington Nationals. On September 30, 2009, <mask> struck out 16 batters, breaking A. J. Burnett's record for 14 strikeouts in a single game for the Florida Marlins. In December 2010, <mask> agreed to a contract extension with the Marlins to remain with the team through 2013.On August 23, 2011, <mask> became the Marlins franchise leader in strikeouts, overtaking Dontrelle Willis. A year later on May 22, 2012 he won his 69th game, overtaking Willis' club record of 68 wins with the Marlins. He finished the season with a 4.48 ERA in 191 innings pitched, with 47 walks, 125 strikeouts, a 1.37 WHIP, and a 12–13 record. Los Angeles Dodgers
On July 6, 2013, he was traded to the Los Angeles Dodgers for Josh Wall, and two minor league pitchers Steve Ames, and Ángel Sánchez. He made 15 starts for the Dodgers and was 8–3 with a 3.52 ERA. Minnesota Twins
On November 27, 2013, <mask> agreed to terms with the Minnesota Twins on a four-year, $49 million contract. In his first season as a Twin, <mask> posted a disappointing 5.38 ERA in 27 starts.<mask>'s 2015 season was cut short due to injury, recording a 6.75 ERA in 8 starts while also appearing in one game out of the bullpen. For the 2016 season, <mask> competed for a rotation spot with Tyler Duffey. Duffey ended up being sent down to AAA before the season began, anointing <mask> the 5th starter. He continued his regression from his previous two seasons, registering an ERA of 5.13 in 21 starts for the Twins. <mask> ended his two and half seasons with the Twins with a 15–22 record. Los Angeles Angels
On August 1, 2016, the Twins traded <mask> with Alex Meyer plus cash in exchange for Angels pitchers Hector Santiago and Alan Busenitz. He had the lowest zone percentage of all major league pitchers, with only 39.1% of his pitches being in the strike zone.For the 2017 season, <mask> was chosen to be the Angels' Opening Day starting pitcher. <mask>'s 2017 season was his worst season of his career, finishing with a record of 6-15 with a 4.92 ERA in 33 starts. Kansas City Royals
<mask> signed a minor league contract with the Kansas City Royals on March 7, 2018. He was released on March 24. Arizona Diamondbacks
On February 8, 2019, <mask> signed a minor league contract with the Arizona Diamondbacks that included an invitation to spring training. He elected free agency on November 7, 2019. Pitching style
<mask> throws five pitches: a four-seam fastball, a sinker, a split-finger fastball, a slider, and a knuckle curve .Personal life
<mask> goes by the first name "<mask>" because his father named his son after his favorite Dodger, Rick Monday. <mask>'s older brother, Dave, attended Riverside Community College and was selected by the Milwaukee Brewers in the 23rd round of the 2001 MLB draft. See also
List of Miami Marlins team records
References
External links
1982 births
Living people
Florida Marlins players
Miami Marlins players
Los Angeles Dodgers players
Minnesota Twins players
Los Angeles Angels players
Boise Hawks players
Daytona Cubs players
Iowa Cubs players
West Tennessee Diamond Jaxx players
Jupiter Hammerheads players
Gulf Coast Marlins players
Albuquerque Isotopes players
Carolina Mudcats players
New Orleans Zephyrs players
Peoria Saguaros players
Cedar Rapids Kernels players
American baseball players of Mexican descent
Baseball players from California
Major League Baseball pitchers
People from Corona, California
Arizona League Cubs players
Sportspeople from Rialto, California | [
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"Ricky",
"Nolasco"
] | <mask> was born on December 13, 1982. He played for the Los Angeles Dodgers, Minnesota Twins, and Los Angeles Angels. He is of Mexican descent. <mask> was born in Corona, California to Mexican parents. He was drafted by the Chicago Cubs in the fourth round of the 2001 Major League Baseball draft. The Arizona League Cubs were where <mask> began his professional career. He recorded a win-loss record with an earned-run average of 1.50 in five games with the team.He spent the 2002 season with the Hawks of the Class A- Short Season Northwest League, earning a record of 7–2 with an average of 2.48 in 15 starts. The next season, <mask> was assigned to the Daytona Cubs of the Class A-Advanced Florida State League, where he went 11–5 with a 2.69 earned run average in 26 starts. <mask> started the 2004 season with the West Tenn Diamond Jaxx. He was called up to the Iowa Cubs of the Pacific Coast League on May 16. He was sent back to AA on June 28 after making nine starts for Iowa, with a record of 2–3 with an ERA of 9.30. During his second stint with the Diamond Jaxx in 2004, <mask> finished the season with a record of 6-3 and an earned run average of 3.70 in 19 starts. <mask> spent the entire 2005 season in AA as he achieved an impressive 14–3 record with an average of 2.89 in 27 starts.The Southern League gave the Most Outstanding Pitcher Award to <mask>. On December 7, 2005, the Florida Marlins acquired <mask> from the Cubs in exchange for Juan Pierre. He made the opening day roster in 2006 and made his debut on April 5 against the Houston Astros. He struck out the pitcher for the first time. He won his first game as a relief pitcher against the Cubs on April 26. He made his second start on May 22, this time against the Cubs, and allowed 1 run to get the win. <mask> missed most of the 2007 season with an injury and then started the 2008 season as a middleReliever, but quickly found his way to the top of the rotation as Florida's top starting pitcher.He pitched a two-hitter against the Giants. He gave up a double with one out in the 9th and the only other hit he gave up was a ball off the glove of first baseman Mike Jacobs. <mask> had a two-run double. <mask> was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 <mask> Nolasco was named the Opening Day starter in 2009, and he pitched a six-inning victory over the Washington Nationals. Nolasco broke A. J. Burnett's record for 14 strikeouts in a single game. In December 2010, Nolasco agreed to a contract extension with the team.On August 23, 2011, <mask> became the franchise leader in strikeouts. He won his 69th game on May 22, 2012 and became the winningest player in the club's history. He finished the season with a 4.58 earned run average in 191 appearances, with 47 walks, 125 strikeouts, and a 1.37 WHIP. He was traded to the Los Angeles Dodgers for Josh Wall and two minor league pitchers. He made 15 starts for the Dodgers and was 8–3 with a 3.52 ERA. The Minnesota Twins and <mask> agreed to terms on a four-year, $49 million contract. <mask> had a disappointing season in his first year as a Twin.<mask>'s 2015 season was cut short due to injury, and he only appeared in one game out of the pen. <mask> competed for a rotation spot with Tyler Duffey. <mask> was anointed the 5th starter by Duffey before the season began. He was 5.13 in 21 starts for the Twins, a regression from his previous two seasons. The Twins ended <mask>'s two and half seasons with a 15–22 record. The Twins traded <mask> with Alex Meyer in exchange for the Angels pitchers. He had the lowest percentage of pitches in the strike zone of all the major league pitchers.The Angels chose <mask> to be their opening day starter. In 33 starts, <mask> had a record of 6-15 with a 4.92 earned run average. The Kansas City Royals signed <mask> to a minor league contract. He was released on March 24. On February 8, <mask> signed a minor league contract with Arizona and was invited to spring training. He was elected free agency on November 7, 2019. The five pitches <mask> throws are a four-seam fastball, a sinker, a split-fingered fastball, and a knuckle curve.<mask>'s father named his son "<mask>" because he was a fan of Rick Monday. Dave was drafted by the Milwaukee Brewers in the 23rd round of the 2001 MLB draft. There are links to the Miami Marlins team records. | [
"Carlos Nolasco",
"Nolasco",
"Nolasco",
"Nolasco",
"Nolasco",
"Nolasco",
"Nolasco",
"Nolasco",
"Ricky Nolasco",
"Nolasco",
"Nolasco",
"Nolasco",
"Ricky",
"Nolasco",
"Ricky Nolasco",
"Nolasco",
"Nolasco",
"Nolasco",
"Nolasco",
"Nolasco",
"Ricky Nolasco",
"Nolasco",
"Nolasco",
"Nolasco",
"Nolasco",
"Nolasco",
"Nolasco",
"Ricky"
] |
54975976 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr.%20Charles%20Smith | Dr. Charles Smith | Dr. Charles Smith (born 1940, New Orleans, Louisiana) is a visual artist, historian, activist and minister who lives and works in Hammond, Louisiana. His sculptural work focuses on African and African American history.
Early life and education
Charles Smith was born in New Orleans in 1940 to Bertha Mary Smith. When Smith was 14 his father was drowned in a hate crime. His mother moved him and his two sisters to Chicago after his father's racially motivated murder. They lived in the diverse Maxwell Street District near 14th Street. A year later, in 1955, Mrs. Smith took Charles to view the body of Emmett Till at the Roberts Temple Church of God. These experiences helped to seed Smith's understanding of racism in the States.
In 1964 Smith worked for Trans World Airlines and as a postal carrier, working the two jobs in order to save money to purchase a home for his new wife and himself. In 1966 Smith was drafted into the Marine Corps where he spent two years in Vietnam, being honorably discharged with a Purple Heart in 1968 due to injury. The physical impact of Agent Orange caused health issues that continue to this day. He was also severely psychologically and spiritually impacted from experiences there, resulting in Smith's divorce and increasing Posttraumatic stress disorder through 18 years of post-combat struggle before finding his calling as an artist.
Besides his formal studies at the Virginia Black Training Academy, for his numerous years of life experience, studying and wisdom, Smith began using his self-imposed title, as an equivalency to a PhD.
Career
Thematically, Charles' work confronts what he sees as the erasure of Black history by recreating scenes and icons of those narratives in a formula of concrete and mixed media of his invention. His work is created and in situ is housed primarily outdoors. In 2000, he co-founded the Algiers Folk Art Zone & Blues Museum along with artist Charles Gillam Sr.
Aurora, Illinois
In 1986 Smith began fourteen years of often twelve-hour-day cathartic creative work on his home in Aurora, Illinois as an art environment. He said God told him to make art as a weapon to combat his depression, pain and anger. He built sculptures and monuments to memorialize moments in Black history and racism. He began with his own experience and struggle as a US Marine Corps veteran and has documented moments before American slavery through the present. He established this outdoor museum as the non-profit African American History Museum and Black Veteran's Archive. His Aurora site culminated in 600 sculptures and 150 fixed pieces. The Art Institute of Chicago named his museum a Millennium Site in 1999.
Smith is one of three living artists whose work is part of the John Michael Kohler Art Center's permanent collection. The Kohler Foundation purchased 448 of Smith's work from his Aurora, Illinois in 2000, of which 200 remained in their Art Center's permanent collection.
Smith maintains a relationship to Aurora Illinois, having set up a foundation to care for the site after his departure. In 2004 there was an opening celebration cosigned by Kane County and Aurora Township with tourism in mind. Despite this first property falling to disrepair and precarious community support, the remaining sculptures still paint a narrative that draws tourists. Emmett Till's mother, Mamie Till, wrote Smith a letter thanking him for creating a work so impactful.
Hammond, Louisiana
In 2002 Smith was traveling to New Orleans to help his ailing mother when he stopped to rest and found a grave stone of Peter Hammond's "Unnamed Slave Boy." This became a calling for him to relocate to Hammond, Louisiana and has established his second art environment and a new Museum there.
The Hammond site's house references Egyptian architecture and ancient tomb and is boldly painted black and white. The steps to the front door read, "Trust God."
Exhibitions
Smith's work is in the permanent collection of the Smithsonian American Art Museum.
His work was included in Life, Liberty & Pursuit of Happiness at the American Visionary Art Museum in 2010.
In 2017 he lectured at the African American Men of Unity in Aurora and at The Road Less Traveled conference in Sheboygan, Wisconsin. His work was auctioned at the New Orleans Botanical Garden benefit in 2017.
His work was included in The Kohler Art Center's 50th Anniversary exhibition series, The Road Less Traveled in 2017-18. His exhibition for this series was honored as the number two selection for "Best of 2017" in Art Forum magazine.
In 2018 Smith's work was included the 10-artist exhibition, Chicago Calling: Art Against the Flow, curated by Lisa Stone and Kenneth Burkhart at Intuit: The Center for Intuitive and Outsider Art as part of Art Design Chicago. Included in the exhibit with Smith's work were works by Henry Darger, Gregory Warmack (known as “Mr. Imagination”), Joseph Yoakum and Lee Godie. Smith was the only living artist in the exhibition.
Works
Smith heavily uses metaphor, symbolism, news stories, historical narratives and his own experiences in the formal choices and spatial relationships of his sculptures to create his dense art environments. Visitors weave around the pieces following his often life-sized dioramas and the literal path he has made for tours. Besides his life experience, his motivation is to heal the world by educating people about Black history through his work. The installation was constantly evolving and changing as Smith built new work. "Everything moves along extemporaneously as God moves me. He shows me how to do it, where to put it, and how to construct it." Smith said.
Middle Passage was created out of large rock, broken concrete, and wood. It depicted the narrative of Black people in Africa, going through the Middle Passage and into slavery. The work was installed on North Avenue at South Kendall Street in Aurora, Illinois. The sculpture acted as a perimeter protecting to his environment and went on to include imagery from the Civil Rights Movement, all with three-quarters to life sized figures. Most of his work is built with found materials with a cement mixture covering armatures and then painted. He calls the patina the sculptures gain through exposure to the outdoor elements "weatherization."
Sergeant Ramey was at the center of his Aurora property atop his roof. It is a memorial depicting one of Smith's close friends who died in combat, a memory that stays with Smith.
Smith's goal has been to teach Black youth about their history and he wants to have work installed at certain points along I-55 to memorialize not only the Great Migration but also his family's migration from New Orleans to Chicago. Each site would document and offer healing lessons on Black history.
Personal life
Smith was married in 1964 and divorced after his return from combat in 1968. Alongside his sculptural work Smith was an ordained minister. He was a pastor at God's House of Prayer and Holiness in Memphis Tennessee.
Much of his work outside of his sculpture is working to help heal people psychologically. He's advocated for other Vietnam veterans, worked with the Congressional Black Caucus on Agent Orange and on Jesse Jackson's PUSH coalition.
References
External links
The John Michael Kohler Art Center
1940 births
Living people
African-American artists
United States Marine Corps personnel of the Vietnam War
People from New Orleans
20th-century African-American people
21st-century African-American people | [
"Dr. Charles Smith (born 1940, New Orleans, Louisiana) is a visual artist, historian, activist and minister who lives and works in Hammond, Louisiana.",
"His sculptural work focuses on African and African American history.",
"Early life and education \nCharles Smith was born in New Orleans in 1940 to Bertha Mary Smith.",
"When Smith was 14 his father was drowned in a hate crime.",
"His mother moved him and his two sisters to Chicago after his father's racially motivated murder.",
"They lived in the diverse Maxwell Street District near 14th Street.",
"A year later, in 1955, Mrs. Smith took Charles to view the body of Emmett Till at the Roberts Temple Church of God.",
"These experiences helped to seed Smith's understanding of racism in the States.",
"In 1964 Smith worked for Trans World Airlines and as a postal carrier, working the two jobs in order to save money to purchase a home for his new wife and himself.",
"In 1966 Smith was drafted into the Marine Corps where he spent two years in Vietnam, being honorably discharged with a Purple Heart in 1968 due to injury.",
"The physical impact of Agent Orange caused health issues that continue to this day.",
"He was also severely psychologically and spiritually impacted from experiences there, resulting in Smith's divorce and increasing Posttraumatic stress disorder through 18 years of post-combat struggle before finding his calling as an artist.",
"Besides his formal studies at the Virginia Black Training Academy, for his numerous years of life experience, studying and wisdom, Smith began using his self-imposed title, as an equivalency to a PhD.",
"Career \nThematically, Charles' work confronts what he sees as the erasure of Black history by recreating scenes and icons of those narratives in a formula of concrete and mixed media of his invention.",
"His work is created and in situ is housed primarily outdoors.",
"In 2000, he co-founded the Algiers Folk Art Zone & Blues Museum along with artist Charles Gillam Sr.\n\nAurora, Illinois \nIn 1986 Smith began fourteen years of often twelve-hour-day cathartic creative work on his home in Aurora, Illinois as an art environment.",
"He said God told him to make art as a weapon to combat his depression, pain and anger.",
"He built sculptures and monuments to memorialize moments in Black history and racism.",
"He began with his own experience and struggle as a US Marine Corps veteran and has documented moments before American slavery through the present.",
"He established this outdoor museum as the non-profit African American History Museum and Black Veteran's Archive.",
"His Aurora site culminated in 600 sculptures and 150 fixed pieces.",
"The Art Institute of Chicago named his museum a Millennium Site in 1999.",
"Smith is one of three living artists whose work is part of the John Michael Kohler Art Center's permanent collection.",
"The Kohler Foundation purchased 448 of Smith's work from his Aurora, Illinois in 2000, of which 200 remained in their Art Center's permanent collection.",
"Smith maintains a relationship to Aurora Illinois, having set up a foundation to care for the site after his departure.",
"In 2004 there was an opening celebration cosigned by Kane County and Aurora Township with tourism in mind.",
"Despite this first property falling to disrepair and precarious community support, the remaining sculptures still paint a narrative that draws tourists.",
"Emmett Till's mother, Mamie Till, wrote Smith a letter thanking him for creating a work so impactful.",
"Hammond, Louisiana\nIn 2002 Smith was traveling to New Orleans to help his ailing mother when he stopped to rest and found a grave stone of Peter Hammond's \"Unnamed Slave Boy.\"",
"This became a calling for him to relocate to Hammond, Louisiana and has established his second art environment and a new Museum there.",
"The Hammond site's house references Egyptian architecture and ancient tomb and is boldly painted black and white.",
"The steps to the front door read, \"Trust God.\"",
"Exhibitions \nSmith's work is in the permanent collection of the Smithsonian American Art Museum.",
"His work was included in Life, Liberty & Pursuit of Happiness at the American Visionary Art Museum in 2010.",
"In 2017 he lectured at the African American Men of Unity in Aurora and at The Road Less Traveled conference in Sheboygan, Wisconsin.",
"His work was auctioned at the New Orleans Botanical Garden benefit in 2017.",
"His work was included in The Kohler Art Center's 50th Anniversary exhibition series, The Road Less Traveled in 2017-18.",
"His exhibition for this series was honored as the number two selection for \"Best of 2017\" in Art Forum magazine.",
"In 2018 Smith's work was included the 10-artist exhibition, Chicago Calling: Art Against the Flow, curated by Lisa Stone and Kenneth Burkhart at Intuit: The Center for Intuitive and Outsider Art as part of Art Design Chicago.",
"Included in the exhibit with Smith's work were works by Henry Darger, Gregory Warmack (known as “Mr.",
"Imagination”), Joseph Yoakum and Lee Godie.",
"Smith was the only living artist in the exhibition.",
"Works\nSmith heavily uses metaphor, symbolism, news stories, historical narratives and his own experiences in the formal choices and spatial relationships of his sculptures to create his dense art environments.",
"Visitors weave around the pieces following his often life-sized dioramas and the literal path he has made for tours.",
"Besides his life experience, his motivation is to heal the world by educating people about Black history through his work.",
"The installation was constantly evolving and changing as Smith built new work.",
"\"Everything moves along extemporaneously as God moves me.",
"He shows me how to do it, where to put it, and how to construct it.\"",
"Smith said.",
"Middle Passage was created out of large rock, broken concrete, and wood.",
"It depicted the narrative of Black people in Africa, going through the Middle Passage and into slavery.",
"The work was installed on North Avenue at South Kendall Street in Aurora, Illinois.",
"The sculpture acted as a perimeter protecting to his environment and went on to include imagery from the Civil Rights Movement, all with three-quarters to life sized figures.",
"Most of his work is built with found materials with a cement mixture covering armatures and then painted.",
"He calls the patina the sculptures gain through exposure to the outdoor elements \"weatherization.\"",
"Sergeant Ramey was at the center of his Aurora property atop his roof.",
"It is a memorial depicting one of Smith's close friends who died in combat, a memory that stays with Smith.",
"Smith's goal has been to teach Black youth about their history and he wants to have work installed at certain points along I-55 to memorialize not only the Great Migration but also his family's migration from New Orleans to Chicago.",
"Each site would document and offer healing lessons on Black history.",
"Personal life\nSmith was married in 1964 and divorced after his return from combat in 1968.",
"Alongside his sculptural work Smith was an ordained minister.",
"He was a pastor at God's House of Prayer and Holiness in Memphis Tennessee.",
"Much of his work outside of his sculpture is working to help heal people psychologically.",
"He's advocated for other Vietnam veterans, worked with the Congressional Black Caucus on Agent Orange and on Jesse Jackson's PUSH coalition.",
"References\n\nExternal links\n The John Michael Kohler Art Center\n\n1940 births\nLiving people\nAfrican-American artists\nUnited States Marine Corps personnel of the Vietnam War\nPeople from New Orleans\n20th-century African-American people\n21st-century African-American people"
] | [
"Dr. Charles Smith is a visual artist, historian, activist and minister who lives and works in Louisiana.",
"His work focuses on African American history.",
"Charles Smith was born in New Orleans in 1940.",
"Smith's father was murdered in a hate crime.",
"After his father's murder, his mother moved him and his sisters to Chicago.",
"They lived near 14th Street.",
"Mrs. Smith took Charles to view the body of Till at the Roberts Temple Church of God.",
"Smith's understanding of racism in the US was helped by these experiences.",
"Smith worked for Trans World Airlines and the postal carrier in order to save money so he could buy a home for himself and his new wife.",
"Smith was drafted into the Marine Corps in 1966 and spent two years in Vietnam before being discharged due to injury.",
"There are health issues that continue to this day because of the physical impact of Agent Orange.",
"Smith's divorce and increased Posttraumatic stress disorder were caused by experiences there, and he found his calling as an artist after 18 years of struggle.",
"Smith used his self-imposed title as an equivalency to a PhD because of his many years of life experience, studying and wisdom.",
"Charles' work confronts what he sees as the erasure of Black history by recreating scenes and icons of those narratives in a formula of concrete and mixed media of his invention.",
"His work is created and housed outdoors.",
"The Algiers Folk Art Zone & Blues Museum was founded in 2000 by Smith and artist Charles Gillam.",
"He said he was told to make art to fight his depression, pain and anger.",
"He created sculptures and monuments to honor Black history and racism.",
"He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217",
"The African American History Museum and Black Veteran's Archive were established by him.",
"There were 600 sculptures and 150 fixed pieces at his Aurora site.",
"The Millennium site was named after him by the Art Institute of Chicago.",
"Smith's work is part of the permanent collection at the John Michael Kohler Art Center.",
"The Kohler Foundation purchased 448 of Smith's work from his Aurora, Illinois home in 2000, of which 200 remained in the Art Center's permanent collection.",
"Smith established a foundation to care for the site after he left Aurora Illinois.",
"The opening celebration was cosigned by Kane County and Aurora Township.",
"The sculptures paint a narrative that draws tourists despite the first property falling to disrepair.",
"Smith received a letter from the mother of Emmett Till thanking him for his work.",
"Smith found a grave stone of \"Unnamed Slave Boy\" while traveling to New Orleans to help his ailing mother.",
"He relocated to Louisiana to establish his second art environment and a new Museum.",
"The house at the site is painted black and white and references Egyptian architecture.",
"\"Trust God\" is written on the steps to the front door.",
"Exhibitions Smith's work can be found in the permanent collection of the American Art Museum.",
"His work was displayed at the American Visionary Art Museum.",
"He lectured at two conferences in 2017: The African American Men of Unity in Aurora and The Road Less Traveled conference in Wisconsin.",
"His work was sold at the New Orleans Botanical Garden benefit.",
"The Kohler Art Center's 50th Anniversary exhibition series, The Road Less Traveled, featured his work.",
"Art Forum magazine named his exhibition the second best of the year.",
"Smith's work was included in the 10 artist exhibition, Chicago Calling: Art Against the Flow, which was put on by Lisa Stone and Kenneth Burkhart.",
"The works by Henry Darger and Gregory Warmack were included in the exhibit.",
"They were Joseph Yoakum and Lee Godie.",
"There was only one living artist in the exhibition.",
"Smith uses metaphor, symbolism, news stories, historical narratives and his own experiences in his sculptures to create dense art environments.",
"Visitors follow the path he has made for tours after viewing his life-sized dioramas.",
"He wants to heal the world by educating people about Black history through his work.",
"Smith built new work and the installation was constantly evolving.",
"Everything moves along as God moves me.",
"He shows me how to put it together.",
"Smith said something.",
"Large rock, broken concrete, and wood were used to create Middle Passage.",
"Black people in Africa went through the Middle Passage and ended up in slavery.",
"The work was done on North Avenue in Aurora.",
"The Civil Rights movement imagery was included in the sculpture as it acted as a perimeter to protect his environment.",
"He builds most of his work with found materials and a cement mixture.",
"The sculptures gain from exposure to the elements.",
"Sergeant Ramey was at the center of his property.",
"One of Smith's close friends who died in combat is depicted in the memorial.",
"Smith wants to have work installed at certain points along I-55 to honor the Great Migration and his family's migration from New Orleans to Chicago.",
"The healing lessons on Black history would be offered at each site.",
"Smith was married in 1964 and divorced in 1968.",
"Smith was an ordination minister.",
"He was a pastor at God's House of Prayer.",
"He works outside of his sculpture to help people heal.",
"He worked with the Congressional Black Caucus on Agent Orange and advocated for other Vietnam veterans.",
"The John Michael Kohler Art Center was founded in 1940 by a group of African-American artists."
] | Dr<mask> (born 1940, New Orleans, Louisiana) is a visual artist, historian, activist and minister who lives and works in Hammond, Louisiana. His sculptural work focuses on African and African American history. Early life and education
<mask> was born in New Orleans in 1940 to <mask>. When <mask> was 14 his father was drowned in a hate crime. His mother moved him and his two sisters to Chicago after his father's racially motivated murder. They lived in the diverse Maxwell Street District near 14th Street. A year later, in 1955, Mrs. <mask> took <mask> to view the body of Emmett Till at the Roberts Temple Church of God.These experiences helped to seed <mask>'s understanding of racism in the States. In 1964 <mask> worked for Trans World Airlines and as a postal carrier, working the two jobs in order to save money to purchase a home for his new wife and himself. In 1966 <mask> was drafted into the Marine Corps where he spent two years in Vietnam, being honorably discharged with a Purple Heart in 1968 due to injury. The physical impact of Agent Orange caused health issues that continue to this day. He was also severely psychologically and spiritually impacted from experiences there, resulting in <mask>'s divorce and increasing Posttraumatic stress disorder through 18 years of post-combat struggle before finding his calling as an artist. Besides his formal studies at the Virginia Black Training Academy, for his numerous years of life experience, studying and wisdom, <mask> began using his self-imposed title, as an equivalency to a PhD. Career
Thematically, <mask>' work confronts what he sees as the erasure of Black history by recreating scenes and icons of those narratives in a formula of concrete and mixed media of his invention.His work is created and in situ is housed primarily outdoors. In 2000, he co-founded the Algiers Folk Art Zone & Blues Museum along with artist <mask> Sr.
Aurora, Illinois
In 1986 <mask> began fourteen years of often twelve-hour-day cathartic creative work on his home in Aurora, Illinois as an art environment. He said God told him to make art as a weapon to combat his depression, pain and anger. He built sculptures and monuments to memorialize moments in Black history and racism. He began with his own experience and struggle as a US Marine Corps veteran and has documented moments before American slavery through the present. He established this outdoor museum as the non-profit African American History Museum and Black Veteran's Archive. His Aurora site culminated in 600 sculptures and 150 fixed pieces.The Art Institute of Chicago named his museum a Millennium Site in 1999. <mask> is one of three living artists whose work is part of the John Michael Kohler Art Center's permanent collection. The Kohler Foundation purchased 448 of <mask>'s work from his Aurora, Illinois in 2000, of which 200 remained in their Art Center's permanent collection. <mask> maintains a relationship to Aurora Illinois, having set up a foundation to care for the site after his departure. In 2004 there was an opening celebration cosigned by Kane County and Aurora Township with tourism in mind. Despite this first property falling to disrepair and precarious community support, the remaining sculptures still paint a narrative that draws tourists. Emmett Till's mother, Mamie Till, wrote <mask> a letter thanking him for creating a work so impactful.Hammond, Louisiana
In 2002 <mask> was traveling to New Orleans to help his ailing mother when he stopped to rest and found a grave stone of Peter Hammond's "Unnamed Slave Boy." This became a calling for him to relocate to Hammond, Louisiana and has established his second art environment and a new Museum there. The Hammond site's house references Egyptian architecture and ancient tomb and is boldly painted black and white. The steps to the front door read, "Trust God." Exhibitions
<mask>'s work is in the permanent collection of the Smithsonian American Art Museum. His work was included in Life, Liberty & Pursuit of Happiness at the American Visionary Art Museum in 2010. In 2017 he lectured at the African American Men of Unity in Aurora and at The Road Less Traveled conference in Sheboygan, Wisconsin.His work was auctioned at the New Orleans Botanical Garden benefit in 2017. His work was included in The Kohler Art Center's 50th Anniversary exhibition series, The Road Less Traveled in 2017-18. His exhibition for this series was honored as the number two selection for "Best of 2017" in Art Forum magazine. In 2018 <mask>'s work was included the 10-artist exhibition, Chicago Calling: Art Against the Flow, curated by Lisa Stone and Kenneth Burkhart at Intuit: The Center for Intuitive and Outsider Art as part of Art Design Chicago. Included in the exhibit with <mask>'s work were works by Henry Darger, Gregory Warmack (known as “Mr. Imagination”), Joseph Yoakum and Lee Godie. <mask> was the only living artist in the exhibition.Works
<mask> heavily uses metaphor, symbolism, news stories, historical narratives and his own experiences in the formal choices and spatial relationships of his sculptures to create his dense art environments. Visitors weave around the pieces following his often life-sized dioramas and the literal path he has made for tours. Besides his life experience, his motivation is to heal the world by educating people about Black history through his work. The installation was constantly evolving and changing as <mask> built new work. "Everything moves along extemporaneously as God moves me. He shows me how to do it, where to put it, and how to construct it." <mask> said.Middle Passage was created out of large rock, broken concrete, and wood. It depicted the narrative of Black people in Africa, going through the Middle Passage and into slavery. The work was installed on North Avenue at South Kendall Street in Aurora, Illinois. The sculpture acted as a perimeter protecting to his environment and went on to include imagery from the Civil Rights Movement, all with three-quarters to life sized figures. Most of his work is built with found materials with a cement mixture covering armatures and then painted. He calls the patina the sculptures gain through exposure to the outdoor elements "weatherization." Sergeant Ramey was at the center of his Aurora property atop his roof.It is a memorial depicting one of <mask>'s close friends who died in combat, a memory that stays with <mask>. <mask>'s goal has been to teach Black youth about their history and he wants to have work installed at certain points along I-55 to memorialize not only the Great Migration but also his family's migration from New Orleans to Chicago. Each site would document and offer healing lessons on Black history. Personal life
<mask> was married in 1964 and divorced after his return from combat in 1968. Alongside his sculptural work <mask> was an ordained minister. He was a pastor at God's House of Prayer and Holiness in Memphis Tennessee. Much of his work outside of his sculpture is working to help heal people psychologically.He's advocated for other Vietnam veterans, worked with the Congressional Black Caucus on Agent Orange and on Jesse Jackson's PUSH coalition. References
External links
The John Michael Kohler Art Center
1940 births
Living people
African-American artists
United States Marine Corps personnel of the Vietnam War
People from New Orleans
20th-century African-American people
21st-century African-American people | [
". Charles Smith",
"Charles Smith",
"Bertha Mary Smith",
"Smith",
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] | Dr. <mask> is a visual artist, historian, activist and minister who lives and works in Louisiana. His work focuses on African American history. <mask> was born in New Orleans in 1940. <mask>'s father was murdered in a hate crime. After his father's murder, his mother moved him and his sisters to Chicago. They lived near 14th Street. Mrs. <mask> took <mask> to view the body of Till at the Roberts Temple Church of God.<mask>'s understanding of racism in the US was helped by these experiences. <mask> worked for Trans World Airlines and the postal carrier in order to save money so he could buy a home for himself and his new wife. <mask> was drafted into the Marine Corps in 1966 and spent two years in Vietnam before being discharged due to injury. There are health issues that continue to this day because of the physical impact of Agent Orange. <mask>'s divorce and increased Posttraumatic stress disorder were caused by experiences there, and he found his calling as an artist after 18 years of struggle. <mask> used his self-imposed title as an equivalency to a PhD because of his many years of life experience, studying and wisdom. <mask>' work confronts what he sees as the erasure of Black history by recreating scenes and icons of those narratives in a formula of concrete and mixed media of his invention.His work is created and housed outdoors. The Algiers Folk Art Zone & Blues Museum was founded in 2000 by <mask> and artist <mask>. He said he was told to make art to fight his depression, pain and anger. He created sculptures and monuments to honor Black history and racism. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 The African American History Museum and Black Veteran's Archive were established by him. There were 600 sculptures and 150 fixed pieces at his Aurora site.The Millennium site was named after him by the Art Institute of Chicago. <mask>'s work is part of the permanent collection at the John Michael Kohler Art Center. The Kohler Foundation purchased 448 of <mask>'s work from his Aurora, Illinois home in 2000, of which 200 remained in the Art Center's permanent collection. <mask> established a foundation to care for the site after he left Aurora Illinois. The opening celebration was cosigned by Kane County and Aurora Township. The sculptures paint a narrative that draws tourists despite the first property falling to disrepair. <mask> received a letter from the mother of Emmett Till thanking him for his work.<mask> found a grave stone of "Unnamed Slave Boy" while traveling to New Orleans to help his ailing mother. He relocated to Louisiana to establish his second art environment and a new Museum. The house at the site is painted black and white and references Egyptian architecture. "Trust God" is written on the steps to the front door. Exhibitions <mask>'s work can be found in the permanent collection of the American Art Museum. His work was displayed at the American Visionary Art Museum. He lectured at two conferences in 2017: The African American Men of Unity in Aurora and The Road Less Traveled conference in Wisconsin.His work was sold at the New Orleans Botanical Garden benefit. The Kohler Art Center's 50th Anniversary exhibition series, The Road Less Traveled, featured his work. Art Forum magazine named his exhibition the second best of the year. <mask>'s work was included in the 10 artist exhibition, Chicago Calling: Art Against the Flow, which was put on by Lisa Stone and Kenneth Burkhart. The works by Henry Darger and Gregory Warmack were included in the exhibit. They were Joseph Yoakum and Lee Godie. There was only one living artist in the exhibition.<mask> uses metaphor, symbolism, news stories, historical narratives and his own experiences in his sculptures to create dense art environments. Visitors follow the path he has made for tours after viewing his life-sized dioramas. He wants to heal the world by educating people about Black history through his work. <mask> built new work and the installation was constantly evolving. Everything moves along as God moves me. He shows me how to put it together. <mask> said something.Large rock, broken concrete, and wood were used to create Middle Passage. Black people in Africa went through the Middle Passage and ended up in slavery. The work was done on North Avenue in Aurora. The Civil Rights movement imagery was included in the sculpture as it acted as a perimeter to protect his environment. He builds most of his work with found materials and a cement mixture. The sculptures gain from exposure to the elements. Sergeant Ramey was at the center of his property.One of <mask>'s close friends who died in combat is depicted in the memorial. <mask> wants to have work installed at certain points along I-55 to honor the Great Migration and his family's migration from New Orleans to Chicago. The healing lessons on Black history would be offered at each site. <mask> was married in 1964 and divorced in 1968. <mask> was an ordination minister. He was a pastor at God's House of Prayer. He works outside of his sculpture to help people heal.He worked with the Congressional Black Caucus on Agent Orange and advocated for other Vietnam veterans. The John Michael Kohler Art Center was founded in 1940 by a group of African-American artists. | [
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6746669 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Saville | John Saville | Orestis Stamatopoulos (2 April 1916 – 13 June 2009), also known as John Saville, was a Greek-British Marxist historian, long associated with Hull University. He was an influential writer on British Labour History in the second half of the twentieth century, and also known for his multi-volume work, the Dictionary of Labour Biography, edited in collaboration with others.
Life and career
He was born Orestis Stamatopoulos in 1916, near Gainsborough, Lincolnshire to Orestis Stamatopoulos, a Greek engineer who worked for a Lincolnshire engineering firm, and Edith Vessey, a working class Lincolnshire woman. Shortly after Saville's birth, his father was called to Greece for military service and was subsequently killed during the war. His mother remarried to widowed tailor Alfred Saville, and he was brought up in Romford. He later took his step-father's family name.
He attended Romford Grammar School, won a scholarship to Royal Liberty School in London and another to the London School of Economics, where he joined the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) and met his soon-to-be wife, Constance Saunders (he was an active member of the CPGB until 1956). He graduated in 1937 with a First in Economics. Called up in 1940, he had the leftwing equivalent of a good war: "I had several large-scale quarrels with authority, although I was a good and efficient soldier". Against the party line, he refused to take a commission, but advanced rapidly from anti-aircraft gunner to gunnery sergeant-major instructor and regimental sergeant major, engaged in political work wherever he went – especially, from 1943 to 1946, in India.
Whilst in India, Saville met Nehru and leaders of the Muslim League and his friendship with Indian communist students in Britain, all from establishment families, opened most anti-imperial doors, reinforced his own firm, but no longer uncritical, convictions. (Unlike him, Constance had never accepted the Moscow-imposed party line of 1939–41, which followed the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact). The cold war, particularly frozen during the years of the Korean War and McCarthyism, made it easier to maintain them.
He soon became a pillar of the Communist Party Historians' Group ("intellectually my lifeline"), and also of the Hull Communist party and its associated organisations, while building a double expertise in 19th-century British economic history and labour history.
He was deeply involved in the crisis of the British Communist Party in 1956, following the Soviet invasion of Hungary. Khrushchev's denunciation of Stalin in 1956, or, more exactly, the failure of the British CP leadership to recognise its significance, transformed the Historians' Group from loyalists into vocal critics. Saville's was the first voice raised at its meetings. Breaking his affiliation with the cluster of British Marxist historians known as the Communist Party Historians Group, Saville emerged as one of the founders of the New Reasoner, in partnership with another Yorkshire Communist historian, E.P. Thompson, part of a group of dissident Marxists who condemned the Soviet intervention in Hungary in 1956.
Saville became Professor of Economic History at Hull University in 1973, where he had taught since 1947. He was associated with the Socialist Register (editor with Ralph Miliband) and the multi-volume Dictionary of Labour Biography; from 1972 onwards he was one of the editors of the ten-volume Dictionary.
His acquaintances and co-thinkers included John Griffith, Stuart Hall, Philip Larkin, Doris Lessing, Ralph Miliband, Sir John Pratt, Raphael Samuel and E.P. Thompson. Harry Newton, a left-wing student, had passed himself off as a family friend. Newton's true identity, as a MI5 agent planted at his home in Hull, was uncovered after his death.
He is commemorated with a green plaque on The Avenues, Kingston upon Hull.
His beloved wife Constance died in 2007. He was survived by their three sons, a daughter, and two grand daughters.
Works
Ernest Jones, Chartist: Selections from the Writings and Speeches of Ernest Jones (1952) editor
Democracy and the Labour Movement: Essays in Honour of Dona Torr (1954) editor
Rural Depopulation in England and Wales, 1851–1951 (1957)
The Age of Improvement 1783–1867 (1964) editor with Asa Briggs
The Red Republican & The Friend of the People: A Facsimile Reprint (1966, 2 volumes) editor
Essays in Labour History 1886–1923 (1967) editor with Asa Briggs, and later volumes
A Selection of the Political Pamphlets of Charles Bradlaugh (1970) editor
Selection of the Social and Political Pamphlets of Annie Besant (1970), editor
Dictionary of Labour Biography (from 1972, ten volumes) editor with Joyce M. Bellamy, David E. Martin
Marxism and History (1974) Inaugural Lecture, University of Hull, 6 November 1973
Working Conditions in the Victorian Age: Debates on the Issue from 19th Century Critical Journals (1973)
Marxism and Politics (1977) editor with Ralph Miliband, Marcel Liebman, Leo Panitch
Ideology and the Labour Movement: Essays Presented to John Saville (1979) David Rubinstein
Nottinghamshire Labour Movement, 1880–1939 (1985) with Peter Wyncoll
1848: The British State and the Chartist Movement (1987)
The Labour Movement in Britain (1988)
The Labour Archive at the University of Hull (1989)
The Politics of Continuity: British Foreign Policy and the Labour Government, 1945–46 (1993)
The Consolidation of the Capitalist State, 1800–1850 (1994)
Memoirs from the Left (2002)
References
External links
John Saville Archive at Marxists Internet Archive
A Life on the Left, Paul Blackledge's review of John Saville's autobiography Memoirs from the Left.
People educated at the Royal Liberty Grammar School
Academics of the University of Hull
Alumni of the London School of Economics
British communists
British Marxists
British people of Greek descent
British Marxist historians
Royal Artillery soldiers
British Army personnel of World War II
People from Gainsborough, Lincolnshire
1916 births
2009 deaths
Communist Party of Great Britain members
20th-century British historians | [
"Orestis Stamatopoulos (2 April 1916 – 13 June 2009), also known as John Saville, was a Greek-British Marxist historian, long associated with Hull University.",
"He was an influential writer on British Labour History in the second half of the twentieth century, and also known for his multi-volume work, the Dictionary of Labour Biography, edited in collaboration with others.",
"Life and career\nHe was born Orestis Stamatopoulos in 1916, near Gainsborough, Lincolnshire to Orestis Stamatopoulos, a Greek engineer who worked for a Lincolnshire engineering firm, and Edith Vessey, a working class Lincolnshire woman.",
"Shortly after Saville's birth, his father was called to Greece for military service and was subsequently killed during the war.",
"His mother remarried to widowed tailor Alfred Saville, and he was brought up in Romford.",
"He later took his step-father's family name.",
"He attended Romford Grammar School, won a scholarship to Royal Liberty School in London and another to the London School of Economics, where he joined the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) and met his soon-to-be wife, Constance Saunders (he was an active member of the CPGB until 1956).",
"He graduated in 1937 with a First in Economics.",
"Called up in 1940, he had the leftwing equivalent of a good war: \"I had several large-scale quarrels with authority, although I was a good and efficient soldier\".",
"Against the party line, he refused to take a commission, but advanced rapidly from anti-aircraft gunner to gunnery sergeant-major instructor and regimental sergeant major, engaged in political work wherever he went – especially, from 1943 to 1946, in India.",
"Whilst in India, Saville met Nehru and leaders of the Muslim League and his friendship with Indian communist students in Britain, all from establishment families, opened most anti-imperial doors, reinforced his own firm, but no longer uncritical, convictions.",
"(Unlike him, Constance had never accepted the Moscow-imposed party line of 1939–41, which followed the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact).",
"The cold war, particularly frozen during the years of the Korean War and McCarthyism, made it easier to maintain them.",
"He soon became a pillar of the Communist Party Historians' Group (\"intellectually my lifeline\"), and also of the Hull Communist party and its associated organisations, while building a double expertise in 19th-century British economic history and labour history.",
"He was deeply involved in the crisis of the British Communist Party in 1956, following the Soviet invasion of Hungary.",
"Khrushchev's denunciation of Stalin in 1956, or, more exactly, the failure of the British CP leadership to recognise its significance, transformed the Historians' Group from loyalists into vocal critics.",
"Saville's was the first voice raised at its meetings.",
"Breaking his affiliation with the cluster of British Marxist historians known as the Communist Party Historians Group, Saville emerged as one of the founders of the New Reasoner, in partnership with another Yorkshire Communist historian, E.P.",
"Thompson, part of a group of dissident Marxists who condemned the Soviet intervention in Hungary in 1956.",
"Saville became Professor of Economic History at Hull University in 1973, where he had taught since 1947.",
"He was associated with the Socialist Register (editor with Ralph Miliband) and the multi-volume Dictionary of Labour Biography; from 1972 onwards he was one of the editors of the ten-volume Dictionary.",
"His acquaintances and co-thinkers included John Griffith, Stuart Hall, Philip Larkin, Doris Lessing, Ralph Miliband, Sir John Pratt, Raphael Samuel and E.P.",
"Thompson.",
"Harry Newton, a left-wing student, had passed himself off as a family friend.",
"Newton's true identity, as a MI5 agent planted at his home in Hull, was uncovered after his death.",
"He is commemorated with a green plaque on The Avenues, Kingston upon Hull.",
"His beloved wife Constance died in 2007.",
"He was survived by their three sons, a daughter, and two grand daughters.",
"People educated at the Royal Liberty Grammar School\nAcademics of the University of Hull\nAlumni of the London School of Economics\nBritish communists\nBritish Marxists\nBritish people of Greek descent\nBritish Marxist historians\nRoyal Artillery soldiers\nBritish Army personnel of World War II\nPeople from Gainsborough, Lincolnshire\n1916 births\n2009 deaths\nCommunist Party of Great Britain members\n20th-century British historians"
] | [
"John Saville, also known as Orestis Stamatopoulos, was a Greek-British Marxist historian.",
"He was an influential writer on British Labour History in the second half of the twentieth century, and also known for his multi-volume work, the Dictionary of Labour Biography, edited in collaboration with others.",
"He was born near Gainsborough in 1916 to Orestis Stamatopoulos, a Greek engineer, and Edith Vessey, a working class woman.",
"Saville's father was killed in the war after being called to Greece for military service.",
"He was brought up in Romford by his mother and Alfred Saville.",
"He took his step- father's family name.",
"He joined the Communist Party of Great Britain and met his future wife, who was also an active member.",
"He received a First in Economics degree in 1937.",
"He had several large-scale quarrels with authority, although he was a good and efficient soldier, despite being called up in 1940.",
"From 1943 to 1946, he was engaged in political work in India, even though he refused to take a commission.",
"Saville met Nehru and leaders of the Muslim League and his friendship with Indian communist students in Britain, all from establishment families, and opened most anti-imperial doors.",
"He had never accepted the Moscow-imposed party line of 1939–41, which followed the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact.",
"During the years of the Korean War and McCarthyism, the cold war made it easier to maintain them.",
"He became a pillar of the Communist Party Historians' Group and also of the Hull Communist party and its associated organisation.",
"He was involved in the crisis of the British Communist Party.",
"The Historians' Group became vocal critics after Khrushchev's denunciation of Stalin.",
"Saville's was the first person to speak at the meeting.",
"The New Reasoner was founded by Saville and another Yorkshire Communist historian, E.P., after breaking his affiliation with the British Marxist historians known as the Communist Party Historians Group.",
"Thompson was part of a group of Marxists who opposed the Soviet intervention in Hungary.",
"In 1973, Saville became Professor of Economic History at Hull University.",
"He was one of the editors of the ten-volume Dictionary from 1972 to 1972 and was associated with the Socialist Register.",
"He had acquaintances and co-thinkers that included Stuart Hall.",
"Thompson.",
"HarryNewton, a left-wing student, passed himself off as a family friend.",
"After his death, his true identity as a MI5 agent was uncovered.",
"There is a plaque on The Avenues in Kingston upon Hull.",
"His wife died in 2007.",
"They had three sons, a daughter, and two grand daughters.",
"The University of Hull Alumni of the London School of Economics include people who were educated at the Royal Liberty Grammar School."
] | Orestis Stamatopoulos (2 April 1916 – 13 June 2009), also known as <mask>, was a Greek-British Marxist historian, long associated with Hull University. He was an influential writer on British Labour History in the second half of the twentieth century, and also known for his multi-volume work, the Dictionary of Labour Biography, edited in collaboration with others. Life and career
He was born Orestis Stamatopoulos in 1916, near Gainsborough, Lincolnshire to Orestis Stamatopoulos, a Greek engineer who worked for a Lincolnshire engineering firm, and Edith Vessey, a working class Lincolnshire woman. Shortly after <mask>'s birth, his father was called to Greece for military service and was subsequently killed during the war. His mother remarried to widowed tailor <mask>, and he was brought up in Romford. He later took his step-father's family name. He attended Romford Grammar School, won a scholarship to Royal Liberty School in London and another to the London School of Economics, where he joined the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) and met his soon-to-be wife, Constance Saunders (he was an active member of the CPGB until 1956).He graduated in 1937 with a First in Economics. Called up in 1940, he had the leftwing equivalent of a good war: "I had several large-scale quarrels with authority, although I was a good and efficient soldier". Against the party line, he refused to take a commission, but advanced rapidly from anti-aircraft gunner to gunnery sergeant-major instructor and regimental sergeant major, engaged in political work wherever he went – especially, from 1943 to 1946, in India. Whilst in India, <mask> met Nehru and leaders of the Muslim League and his friendship with Indian communist students in Britain, all from establishment families, opened most anti-imperial doors, reinforced his own firm, but no longer uncritical, convictions. (Unlike him, Constance had never accepted the Moscow-imposed party line of 1939–41, which followed the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact). The cold war, particularly frozen during the years of the Korean War and McCarthyism, made it easier to maintain them. He soon became a pillar of the Communist Party Historians' Group ("intellectually my lifeline"), and also of the Hull Communist party and its associated organisations, while building a double expertise in 19th-century British economic history and labour history.He was deeply involved in the crisis of the British Communist Party in 1956, following the Soviet invasion of Hungary. Khrushchev's denunciation of Stalin in 1956, or, more exactly, the failure of the British CP leadership to recognise its significance, transformed the Historians' Group from loyalists into vocal critics. <mask>'s was the first voice raised at its meetings. Breaking his affiliation with the cluster of British Marxist historians known as the Communist Party Historians Group, <mask> emerged as one of the founders of the New Reasoner, in partnership with another Yorkshire Communist historian, E.P. Thompson, part of a group of dissident Marxists who condemned the Soviet intervention in Hungary in 1956. <mask> became Professor of Economic History at Hull University in 1973, where he had taught since 1947. He was associated with the Socialist Register (editor with Ralph Miliband) and the multi-volume Dictionary of Labour Biography; from 1972 onwards he was one of the editors of the ten-volume Dictionary.His acquaintances and co-thinkers included <mask>, Stuart Hall, Philip Larkin, Doris Lessing, Ralph Miliband, Sir <mask>, Raphael Samuel and E.P. Thompson. Harry Newton, a left-wing student, had passed himself off as a family friend. Newton's true identity, as a MI5 agent planted at his home in Hull, was uncovered after his death. He is commemorated with a green plaque on The Avenues, Kingston upon Hull. His beloved wife Constance died in 2007. He was survived by their three sons, a daughter, and two grand daughters.People educated at the Royal Liberty Grammar School
Academics of the University of Hull
Alumni of the London School of Economics
British communists
British Marxists
British people of Greek descent
British Marxist historians
Royal Artillery soldiers
British Army personnel of World War II
People from Gainsborough, Lincolnshire
1916 births
2009 deaths
Communist Party of Great Britain members
20th-century British historians | [
"John Saville",
"Saville",
"Alfred Saville",
"Saville",
"Saville",
"Saville",
"Saville",
"John Griffith",
"John Pratt"
] | <mask>, also known as Orestis Stamatopoulos, was a Greek-British Marxist historian. He was an influential writer on British Labour History in the second half of the twentieth century, and also known for his multi-volume work, the Dictionary of Labour Biography, edited in collaboration with others. He was born near Gainsborough in 1916 to Orestis Stamatopoulos, a Greek engineer, and Edith Vessey, a working class woman. <mask>'s father was killed in the war after being called to Greece for military service. He was brought up in Romford by his mother and <mask>. He took his step- father's family name. He joined the Communist Party of Great Britain and met his future wife, who was also an active member.He received a First in Economics degree in 1937. He had several large-scale quarrels with authority, although he was a good and efficient soldier, despite being called up in 1940. From 1943 to 1946, he was engaged in political work in India, even though he refused to take a commission. <mask> met Nehru and leaders of the Muslim League and his friendship with Indian communist students in Britain, all from establishment families, and opened most anti-imperial doors. He had never accepted the Moscow-imposed party line of 1939–41, which followed the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact. During the years of the Korean War and McCarthyism, the cold war made it easier to maintain them. He became a pillar of the Communist Party Historians' Group and also of the Hull Communist party and its associated organisation.He was involved in the crisis of the British Communist Party. The Historians' Group became vocal critics after Khrushchev's denunciation of Stalin. <mask>'s was the first person to speak at the meeting. The New Reasoner was founded by <mask> and another Yorkshire Communist historian, E.P., after breaking his affiliation with the British Marxist historians known as the Communist Party Historians Group. Thompson was part of a group of Marxists who opposed the Soviet intervention in Hungary. In 1973, <mask> became Professor of Economic History at Hull University. He was one of the editors of the ten-volume Dictionary from 1972 to 1972 and was associated with the Socialist Register.He had acquaintances and co-thinkers that included Stuart Hall. Thompson. HarryNewton, a left-wing student, passed himself off as a family friend. After his death, his true identity as a MI5 agent was uncovered. There is a plaque on The Avenues in Kingston upon Hull. His wife died in 2007. They had three sons, a daughter, and two grand daughters.The University of Hull Alumni of the London School of Economics include people who were educated at the Royal Liberty Grammar School. | [
"John Saville",
"Saville",
"Alfred Saville",
"Saville",
"Saville",
"Saville",
"Saville"
] |
60755276 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Johnston%20Jr. | William Johnston Jr. | William Hartshorne Johnston Jr. (October 19, 1861 - February 19, 1933) was an American military officer who served with distinction in the Spanish–American War, Philippine–American War and World War I. He attained the rank of major general, and was most notable for his World War I command of the 91st Division.
Early life
William Hartshorne Johnston Jr. was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, a son of Mary (Neele) Johnston and Colonel William Hartshorne Johnston, a U.S. Army paymaster. He was raised and educated at various Army posts and in St. Louis, Missouri, and attended Washington University in St. Louis from 1876 to 1879. While living in St. Louis, Johnston also worked as a salesman for the Scudders-Gale Grocery Company.
Military career
Militia service
Johnston enlisted in the Missouri Militia in 1878, and rose to sergeant in the Lafayette Guard of St. Louis before moving to Prescott, Arizona in 1881. While in Arizona, he obtained a commission as a first lieutenant in the territorial militia's Prescott Rifles company, and he served until 1883. From November 1881 to October 1883, he was an Army paymaster's clerk.
In February 1883, Johnston was a resident of New York City when he competed for a Congressional appointment to the United States Military Academy. He was selected by a panel that made a recommendation to Representative Roswell P. Flower, but was subsequently declared ineligible because he did not meet the one-year state residency requirement. In July 1883, he was appointed a second lieutenant in the United States Army directly from civil life, subject to completion of an examination by a board of officers. When Johnston took the competitive examination, he placed first of 96 candidates. His commission in the 16th Infantry Regiment was confirmed in October.
Spanish–American War and Philippine–American War
In 1887, Johnston graduated with honors from the Infantry and Cavalry School at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. While assigned to the faculty of first Western Military Academy in Alton, Illinois and later Saint Louis University, Johnston attended law school at Washington University in St. Louis. He was a student beginning in 1894, graduated in 1897, and received his LL.B. degree. Johnston was awarded the honor of Prize Essayist of his senior class.
During the Spanish–American War, Johnston served with the 46th U.S. Volunteer Infantry as a major. Following the conflict, Johnston was mustered out of the volunteer service and was appointed military governor of Isabela Province in the Philippine island of Luzon, a post which he held from 1901 to 1902.
During the Philippine–American War, Johnston commanded the 1st Battalion of Philippine Scouts from 1904-1906 during the campaign against the Pulajanes, for which he was awarded the Silver Star. He returned to the U.S. in 1907 to attend the Army War College until 1908.
World War I
William Johnston was a member of the General Staff at the United States Army War College from 1914 to 1917. Following the American entry into World War I in April 1917, he was promoted to brigadier general and assigned to command the 180th Infantry Brigade, a unit of the 90th Division. He organized and trained the brigade, which he led to France. After arriving on the Western Front in August 1918, Johnston's brigade was stationed in the Toul Sector as part of I Corps,
Johnston was soon assigned to command the 91st Division, taking over from Brigadier General Frederick Steinman Foltz, who had been in temporary command. Johnston was promoted to majo general, and under his command, the 91st Division took part in the St. Mihiel offensive and the Meuse–Argonne offensive, for which he was awarded both the Distinguished Service Cross and Army Distinguished Service Medal, and the Ypres-Lys campaign. For his leadership in the war, Johnston was awarded the French Legion of Honor (Commander) and Croix de Guerre with Palm, the Belgian Order of Leopold I (Commander) and the Victory Medal.
Inter-war years
Following the end of the First World War, Johnston and the 91st Division were demobilized. Johnston returned briefly to the Army War College's General Staff before deploying once more to Germany in 1920 as part of the American forces occupying Germany. Over the next three years, Johnston played key roles in the occupying force, as Chief of Staff of American Forces in Germany until 1921, commanding officer of the 1st Brigade until 1922 and as general liaison officer to the French Army of the Rhine until 1923.
Johnston returned to the U.S. in 1923 to command the Fourth Coast Artillery District at Fort McPherson, Georgia. The following year, he assumed command of the 3rd Infantry Division, which he led until his retirement in 1925.
Family
In June 1888, Johnston married Lucille Barat Wilkinson (1869-1917), a great-granddaughter of Major General James Wilkinson. In 1923, Johnston married Isabelle Gros in Paris, France.
With his first wife, Johnston was the father of a daughter, Genevieve. Genevieve Johnston lived in St. Louis, and became a nun at Villa Duchesne Convent of the Sacred Heart in St. Louis.
Retirement and death
In retirement, Johnston resided in Nice, France. He died in Nice on February 19, 1933, after he suffered a heart attack while attending a Red Cross ball. A memorial service was held in the chapel at Walter Reed Army Medical Center. He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery, and the honorary pallbearers included generals Stephen O. Fuqua, Harry L. Gilchrist, Samuel Hof, Lytle Brown, John W. Gulick, Oscar Westover.
Notes
References
External links
1861 births
1933 deaths
United States Army generals
Washington University School of Law alumni
United States Army War College alumni
People from Cincinnati
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States)
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France)
Order of Leopold (Belgium)
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
United States Army generals of World War I
Saint Louis University faculty
Military personnel from Ohio | [
"William Hartshorne Johnston Jr. (October 19, 1861 - February 19, 1933) was an American military officer who served with distinction in the Spanish–American War, Philippine–American War and World War I.",
"He attained the rank of major general, and was most notable for his World War I command of the 91st Division.",
"Early life\nWilliam Hartshorne Johnston Jr. was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, a son of Mary (Neele) Johnston and Colonel William Hartshorne Johnston, a U.S. Army paymaster.",
"He was raised and educated at various Army posts and in St. Louis, Missouri, and attended Washington University in St. Louis from 1876 to 1879.",
"While living in St. Louis, Johnston also worked as a salesman for the Scudders-Gale Grocery Company.",
"Military career\n\nMilitia service\nJohnston enlisted in the Missouri Militia in 1878, and rose to sergeant in the Lafayette Guard of St. Louis before moving to Prescott, Arizona in 1881.",
"While in Arizona, he obtained a commission as a first lieutenant in the territorial militia's Prescott Rifles company, and he served until 1883.",
"From November 1881 to October 1883, he was an Army paymaster's clerk.",
"In February 1883, Johnston was a resident of New York City when he competed for a Congressional appointment to the United States Military Academy.",
"He was selected by a panel that made a recommendation to Representative Roswell P. Flower, but was subsequently declared ineligible because he did not meet the one-year state residency requirement.",
"In July 1883, he was appointed a second lieutenant in the United States Army directly from civil life, subject to completion of an examination by a board of officers.",
"When Johnston took the competitive examination, he placed first of 96 candidates.",
"His commission in the 16th Infantry Regiment was confirmed in October.",
"Spanish–American War and Philippine–American War\nIn 1887, Johnston graduated with honors from the Infantry and Cavalry School at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.",
"While assigned to the faculty of first Western Military Academy in Alton, Illinois and later Saint Louis University, Johnston attended law school at Washington University in St. Louis.",
"He was a student beginning in 1894, graduated in 1897, and received his LL.B.",
"degree.",
"Johnston was awarded the honor of Prize Essayist of his senior class.",
"During the Spanish–American War, Johnston served with the 46th U.S. Volunteer Infantry as a major.",
"Following the conflict, Johnston was mustered out of the volunteer service and was appointed military governor of Isabela Province in the Philippine island of Luzon, a post which he held from 1901 to 1902.",
"During the Philippine–American War, Johnston commanded the 1st Battalion of Philippine Scouts from 1904-1906 during the campaign against the Pulajanes, for which he was awarded the Silver Star.",
"He returned to the U.S. in 1907 to attend the Army War College until 1908.",
"World War I\n\nWilliam Johnston was a member of the General Staff at the United States Army War College from 1914 to 1917.",
"Following the American entry into World War I in April 1917, he was promoted to brigadier general and assigned to command the 180th Infantry Brigade, a unit of the 90th Division.",
"He organized and trained the brigade, which he led to France.",
"After arriving on the Western Front in August 1918, Johnston's brigade was stationed in the Toul Sector as part of I Corps,\n\nJohnston was soon assigned to command the 91st Division, taking over from Brigadier General Frederick Steinman Foltz, who had been in temporary command.",
"Johnston was promoted to majo general, and under his command, the 91st Division took part in the St. Mihiel offensive and the Meuse–Argonne offensive, for which he was awarded both the Distinguished Service Cross and Army Distinguished Service Medal, and the Ypres-Lys campaign.",
"For his leadership in the war, Johnston was awarded the French Legion of Honor (Commander) and Croix de Guerre with Palm, the Belgian Order of Leopold I (Commander) and the Victory Medal.",
"Inter-war years\nFollowing the end of the First World War, Johnston and the 91st Division were demobilized.",
"Johnston returned briefly to the Army War College's General Staff before deploying once more to Germany in 1920 as part of the American forces occupying Germany.",
"Over the next three years, Johnston played key roles in the occupying force, as Chief of Staff of American Forces in Germany until 1921, commanding officer of the 1st Brigade until 1922 and as general liaison officer to the French Army of the Rhine until 1923.",
"Johnston returned to the U.S. in 1923 to command the Fourth Coast Artillery District at Fort McPherson, Georgia.",
"The following year, he assumed command of the 3rd Infantry Division, which he led until his retirement in 1925.",
"Family\nIn June 1888, Johnston married Lucille Barat Wilkinson (1869-1917), a great-granddaughter of Major General James Wilkinson.",
"In 1923, Johnston married Isabelle Gros in Paris, France.",
"With his first wife, Johnston was the father of a daughter, Genevieve.",
"Genevieve Johnston lived in St. Louis, and became a nun at Villa Duchesne Convent of the Sacred Heart in St. Louis.",
"Retirement and death\nIn retirement, Johnston resided in Nice, France.",
"He died in Nice on February 19, 1933, after he suffered a heart attack while attending a Red Cross ball.",
"A memorial service was held in the chapel at Walter Reed Army Medical Center.",
"He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery, and the honorary pallbearers included generals Stephen O. Fuqua, Harry L. Gilchrist, Samuel Hof, Lytle Brown, John W. Gulick, Oscar Westover.",
"Notes\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n1861 births\n1933 deaths\nUnited States Army generals\nWashington University School of Law alumni\nUnited States Army War College alumni\nPeople from Cincinnati\nRecipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States)\nRecipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France)\nOrder of Leopold (Belgium)\nRecipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)\nBurials at Arlington National Cemetery\nUnited States Army generals of World War I\nSaint Louis University faculty\nMilitary personnel from Ohio"
] | [
"In the Spanish–American War, Philippine–American War and World War I, William Hartshorne Johnston Jr. was an American military officer who served with distinction.",
"He commanded the 91st Division in World War I, and attained the rank of major general.",
"William Hartshorne Johnston Jr. was the son of Mary and William Hartshorne Johnston.",
"He attended Washington University in St. Louis from 1876 to 1879.",
"He worked for the Scudders-Gale Grocery Company while living in St. Louis.",
"In 1879, he enlisted in the Missouri Militia and later became a sergeant in the Lafayette Guard of St. Louis.",
"While in Arizona, he obtained a commission as a first lieutenant in the territorial militia and served until 1883.",
"He was a paymaster's clerk in the Army.",
"When he was a resident of New York City, he competed for a Congressional appointment to the United States Military Academy.",
"He was declared ineligible because he did not meet the one-year state residency requirement, despite being selected by a panel that made a recommendation to Representative Roswell P. Flower.",
"He was appointed a second lieutenant in the United States Army in July of 1884, subject to completion of an examination by a board of officers.",
"He was the first to place in the competitive examination.",
"His commission was confirmed in October.",
"The Spanish–American War and Philippine–American War were fought in the 19th century.",
"He attended law school at Washington University in St. Louis after being assigned to the faculty of the first Western Military Academy.",
"He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217",
"A degree.",
"His senior class gave him the honor of Prize Essayist.",
"He was a major in the 46th U.S. Volunteer Infantry during the Spanish–American War.",
"He held the post of military governor of Isabela Province in the Philippines from 1901 to 1902 after leaving the volunteer service.",
"During the Philippine–American War, he commanded the 1st Battalion of Philippine Scouts and was awarded the Silver Star.",
"He returned to the U.S. in 1907 to attend the Army War College.",
"The United States Army War College had a member of the General Staff from 1914 to 1917.",
"After the American entry into World War I in 1917, he was promoted to brigadier general and assigned to command the 180th Infantry brigade, a unit of the 90th Division.",
"He led the brigade to France.",
"After arriving on the Western Front in August 1918, Johnston's brigade was stationed in the Toul Sector as part of I Corps and he was soon assigned to command the 91st Division.",
"Under his command, the 91st Division took part in the St. Mihiel offensive and the Meuse–Argonne offensive, for which he was awarded two medals.",
"He was awarded the French Legion of Honor, the Belgian Order of Leopold I, and the Victory medal for his leadership in the war.",
"After the end of the First World War, the 91st Division was demobilized.",
"After returning to the Army War College's General Staff, he was once again deployed to Germany in 1920 as part of the American forces occupying Germany.",
"As the Chief of Staff of American forces in Germany from 1921 to 1921, and as the commanding officer of the 1st brigade from 1922 to 1923, he played a key role in the occupying force.",
"The Fourth Coast Artillery District was commanded by Johnston in 1923.",
"He led the 3rd Infantry Division until his retirement in 1925.",
"Johnston married a great-granddaughter of Major General James Wilkinson.",
"The couple wed in Paris, France, in 1923.",
"He was the father of a daughter with his first wife.",
"The Villa Duchesne Convent of the Sacred Heart is in St. Louis, and it was where the woman became a nun.",
"In retirement, he resided in Nice, France.",
"He died in Nice after suffering a heart attack at a Red Cross ball.",
"A memorial service was held at Walter Reed Army Medical Center.",
"He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery, and the pallbearers were generals.",
"There are links to births, deaths, and alumni of the Washington University School of Law and the United States Army War College."
] | <mask>. (October 19, 1861 - February 19, 1933) was an American military officer who served with distinction in the Spanish–American War, Philippine–American War and World War I. He attained the rank of major general, and was most notable for his World War I command of the 91st Division. Early life
<mask>. was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, a son of Mary (Neele<mask> and Colonel <mask>, a U.S. Army paymaster. He was raised and educated at various Army posts and in St. Louis, Missouri, and attended Washington University in St. Louis from 1876 to 1879. While living in St. Louis, <mask> also worked as a salesman for the Scudders-Gale Grocery Company. Military career
Militia service
<mask> enlisted in the Missouri Militia in 1878, and rose to sergeant in the Lafayette Guard of St. Louis before moving to Prescott, Arizona in 1881. While in Arizona, he obtained a commission as a first lieutenant in the territorial militia's Prescott Rifles company, and he served until 1883.From November 1881 to October 1883, he was an Army paymaster's clerk. In February 1883, <mask> was a resident of New York City when he competed for a Congressional appointment to the United States Military Academy. He was selected by a panel that made a recommendation to Representative Roswell P. Flower, but was subsequently declared ineligible because he did not meet the one-year state residency requirement. In July 1883, he was appointed a second lieutenant in the United States Army directly from civil life, subject to completion of an examination by a board of officers. When <mask> took the competitive examination, he placed first of 96 candidates. His commission in the 16th Infantry Regiment was confirmed in October. Spanish–American War and Philippine–American War
In 1887, <mask> graduated with honors from the Infantry and Cavalry School at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.While assigned to the faculty of first Western Military Academy in Alton, Illinois and later Saint Louis University, <mask> attended law school at Washington University in St. Louis. He was a student beginning in 1894, graduated in 1897, and received his LL.B. degree. <mask> was awarded the honor of Prize Essayist of his senior class. During the Spanish–American War, <mask> served with the 46th U.S. Volunteer Infantry as a major. Following the conflict, <mask> was mustered out of the volunteer service and was appointed military governor of Isabela Province in the Philippine island of Luzon, a post which he held from 1901 to 1902. During the Philippine–American War, <mask> commanded the 1st Battalion of Philippine Scouts from 1904-1906 during the campaign against the Pulajanes, for which he was awarded the Silver Star.He returned to the U.S. in 1907 to attend the Army War College until 1908. World War I
<mask> was a member of the General Staff at the United States Army War College from 1914 to 1917. Following the American entry into World War I in April 1917, he was promoted to brigadier general and assigned to command the 180th Infantry Brigade, a unit of the 90th Division. He organized and trained the brigade, which he led to France. After arriving on the Western Front in August 1918, <mask>'s brigade was stationed in the Toul Sector as part of I Corps,
<mask> was soon assigned to command the 91st Division, taking over from Brigadier General Frederick Steinman Foltz, who had been in temporary command. <mask> was promoted to majo general, and under his command, the 91st Division took part in the St. Mihiel offensive and the Meuse–Argonne offensive, for which he was awarded both the Distinguished Service Cross and Army Distinguished Service Medal, and the Ypres-Lys campaign. For his leadership in the war, <mask> was awarded the French Legion of Honor (Commander) and Croix de Guerre with Palm, the Belgian Order of Leopold I (Commander) and the Victory Medal.Inter-war years
Following the end of the First World War, <mask> and the 91st Division were demobilized. <mask> returned briefly to the Army War College's General Staff before deploying once more to Germany in 1920 as part of the American forces occupying Germany. Over the next three years, <mask> played key roles in the occupying force, as Chief of Staff of American Forces in Germany until 1921, commanding officer of the 1st Brigade until 1922 and as general liaison officer to the French Army of the Rhine until 1923. <mask> returned to the U.S. in 1923 to command the Fourth Coast Artillery District at Fort McPherson, Georgia. The following year, he assumed command of the 3rd Infantry Division, which he led until his retirement in 1925. Family
In June 1888, <mask> married Lucille Barat Wilkinson (1869-1917), a great-granddaughter of Major General James Wilkinson. In 1923, <mask> married Isabelle Gros in Paris, France.With his first wife, <mask> was the father of a daughter, Genevieve. <mask> lived in St. Louis, and became a nun at Villa Duchesne Convent of the Sacred Heart in St. Louis. Retirement and death
In retirement, <mask> resided in Nice, France. He died in Nice on February 19, 1933, after he suffered a heart attack while attending a Red Cross ball. A memorial service was held in the chapel at Walter Reed Army Medical Center. He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery, and the honorary pallbearers included generals Stephen O. Fuqua, Harry L. Gilchrist, Samuel Hof, Lytle Brown, John W. Gulick, Oscar Westover. Notes
References
External links
1861 births
1933 deaths
United States Army generals
Washington University School of Law alumni
United States Army War College alumni
People from Cincinnati
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States)
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France)
Order of Leopold (Belgium)
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
United States Army generals of World War I
Saint Louis University faculty
Military personnel from Ohio | [
"William Hartshorne Johnston Jr",
"William Hartshorne Johnston Jr",
") Johnston",
"William Hartshorne Johnston",
"Johnston",
"Johnston",
"Johnston",
"Johnston",
"Johnston",
"Johnston",
"Johnston",
"Johnston",
"Johnston",
"Johnston",
"William Johnston",
"Johnston",
"Johnston",
"Johnston",
"Johnston",
"Johnston",
"Johnston",
"Johnston",
"Johnston",
"Johnston",
"Johnston",
"Johnston",
"Genevieve Johnston",
"Johnston"
] | In the Spanish–American War, Philippine–American War and World War I, <mask>. was an American military officer who served with distinction. He commanded the 91st Division in World War I, and attained the rank of major general. <mask>. was the son of Mary and <mask>. He attended Washington University in St. Louis from 1876 to 1879. He worked for the Scudders-Gale Grocery Company while living in St. Louis. In 1879, he enlisted in the Missouri Militia and later became a sergeant in the Lafayette Guard of St. Louis. While in Arizona, he obtained a commission as a first lieutenant in the territorial militia and served until 1883.He was a paymaster's clerk in the Army. When he was a resident of New York City, he competed for a Congressional appointment to the United States Military Academy. He was declared ineligible because he did not meet the one-year state residency requirement, despite being selected by a panel that made a recommendation to Representative Roswell P. Flower. He was appointed a second lieutenant in the United States Army in July of 1884, subject to completion of an examination by a board of officers. He was the first to place in the competitive examination. His commission was confirmed in October. The Spanish–American War and Philippine–American War were fought in the 19th century.He attended law school at Washington University in St. Louis after being assigned to the faculty of the first Western Military Academy. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 A degree. His senior class gave him the honor of Prize Essayist. He was a major in the 46th U.S. Volunteer Infantry during the Spanish–American War. He held the post of military governor of Isabela Province in the Philippines from 1901 to 1902 after leaving the volunteer service. During the Philippine–American War, he commanded the 1st Battalion of Philippine Scouts and was awarded the Silver Star.He returned to the U.S. in 1907 to attend the Army War College. The United States Army War College had a member of the General Staff from 1914 to 1917. After the American entry into World War I in 1917, he was promoted to brigadier general and assigned to command the 180th Infantry brigade, a unit of the 90th Division. He led the brigade to France. After arriving on the Western Front in August 1918, <mask>'s brigade was stationed in the Toul Sector as part of I Corps and he was soon assigned to command the 91st Division. Under his command, the 91st Division took part in the St. Mihiel offensive and the Meuse–Argonne offensive, for which he was awarded two medals. He was awarded the French Legion of Honor, the Belgian Order of Leopold I, and the Victory medal for his leadership in the war.After the end of the First World War, the 91st Division was demobilized. After returning to the Army War College's General Staff, he was once again deployed to Germany in 1920 as part of the American forces occupying Germany. As the Chief of Staff of American forces in Germany from 1921 to 1921, and as the commanding officer of the 1st brigade from 1922 to 1923, he played a key role in the occupying force. The Fourth Coast Artillery District was commanded by <mask> in 1923. He led the 3rd Infantry Division until his retirement in 1925. <mask> married a great-granddaughter of Major General James Wilkinson. The couple wed in Paris, France, in 1923.He was the father of a daughter with his first wife. The Villa Duchesne Convent of the Sacred Heart is in St. Louis, and it was where the woman became a nun. In retirement, he resided in Nice, France. He died in Nice after suffering a heart attack at a Red Cross ball. A memorial service was held at Walter Reed Army Medical Center. He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery, and the pallbearers were generals. There are links to births, deaths, and alumni of the Washington University School of Law and the United States Army War College. | [
"William Hartshorne Johnston Jr",
"William Hartshorne Johnston Jr",
"William Hartshorne Johnston",
"Johnston",
"Johnston",
"Johnston"
] |
8474484 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9%20Berg | René Berg | René Berg (born Ian Bruce, 24 February 1956 – 28 July 2003) was an English musician, vocalist, guitarist, and songwriter, who recorded and performed in a number of bands starting in the late 1970s until his death. His bands included Idle Flowers, Soho Vultures, René Berg Band, along with appearances in Hanoi Rocks, Herman Brood Band, and Jim Penfold's The Killers (1986) (previously known as The Hollywood Killers).
Biography
1956–1985
René was born Ian Alistair Bruce in 1956, the oldest child of a GP. He grew up in Wanstead, East London, and at the age of eight went to King's College Choir School in Cambridge as a boarder. When he was 13 the family moved to Eastry, Kent, and Ian transferred to day school and took up fishing, about which, says his sister Fiona, he was "completely passionate". At about the same time he bought his first guitar with Green Shield stamps, and taught himself to play, and the basement of the Eastry house soon became a regular jam session venue. School was followed by three years at catering college.
In 1979, he toured Holland with Soho, a band formed by Tim Smit (now director of the Eden Project). The band also featured Sev Lewkowicz (later to play with Mungo Jerry and Dennis Locorriere) on keyboards.
In 1981, after a stint in Amsterdam with Herman Brood’s Wild Romance (initially on guitar, but also on lead vocals after Broods was jailed for dealing LSD), René, as he was by then known, returned to the UK and formed Idle Flowers in September 1981. The band opened up for Hanoi Rocks on 20 January 1983 at the Klub Foot, Clarendon and René also guested on guitar with Hanoi Rocks sometime in that year and joined Hanoi Rocks on stage at Birmingham Mermaid on 27 May for the encore. The Idle Flowers recorded many demos for an intended debut LP entitled The Leather, The Loneliness And Your Dark Eyes (which became the title of René's 1992 solo album) but the recordings remain unreleased. The only official Idle Flowers release was "All I Want Is You" / "Fizz Music" in 1984 on the Miles Ahead label recorded at the Abbey Road Studios.
1985
In March 1985, Berg was asked by Michael Monroe and Nasty Suicide to join Hanoi Rocks as the band's new bassist (Sami Yaffa having left the band). Berg was an old friend of the band and had played occasionally with Andy McCoy. The new Hanoi Rocks line-up (which also included one time Clash drummer Terry Chimes filling in after Razzle's death) only lasted a few months before falling apart. However Berg did record bass on the Rock & Roll Divorce (1985) live album and the final Hanoi Rocks 1985 demos. His self penned song "Fast Car" included on his 1992 solo album, as well as Hanoi Rocks posthumous Lean On Me (1992). The rest of the 1985 demos remain unreleased.
On July 30, 1985, while at a party on board celebrating the release of The Pogues album Rum Sodomy & The Lash, Berg heroically rescued Richard Fenn (a sub editor for the Melody Maker) from drowning in the Thames after Fenn leaped overboard.
1986–1990
Shortly after the demise of Hanoi Rocks in May 1985, a month later the Idle Flowers broke up in June 1985 after almost a four-year stint together. Berg kept a low profile before ending up singing lead vocals in 1986 on the Suicide Twins' (Andy McCoy and Nasty Suicide's side acoustic band) Sweet Pretending.
In 1986, Berg grouped with Jim Penfold from The Hollywood Killers and started The Killers who recorded four unreleased demos, appeared on London Weekend TV, and did many shows before disbanding in early 1987. Also in 1987, he played on the Gang Bang Band's 12" EP recorded with Nasty Suicide from Hanoi Rocks, Bernie Torme, Dumpy Dunnell and members of the Quireboys, Babysitters, and Wolfsbane.
1987 proved a very productive year for Berg who fronted his second band (after the Idle Flowers) called West End Central which quickly evolved into the Soho Vultures with Nasty Suicide (Hanoi Rocks) on guitar. Tommy Fox soon replaced Dougie (Idle Flowers) on bass and The Soho Vultures recorded six songs in 1987 that to this day remain unreleased.
The Soho Vultures songs recorded were "Head Over Heels", "Can't Get To Sleep", "The Leather", "The Loneliness And Your Dark Eyes", "Happy", "Too Late" and "London Town". "Too Late" featured Nasty Suicide on lead vocals while the other songs featured Berg's vocals. "The Leather", "The Loneliness And Your Dark Eyes", "Happy", and "Too Late" were to be rerecorded for the band's debut single on Ammunition Records that never came to be. "Head Over Heels", "Can't Get To Sleep", and "The Leather, The Loneliness And Your Dark Eyes", were all recorded for René's 1992 solo album.
Other Soho Vultures tracks played live included the old Idle Flowers songs "Down The Avenue", "Feel Your Love", "Glad I'm Not American", "Rob The Bank", "The Letter", and "Alright Alright" as well as a cover of Hanoi Rocks "Boiler". The Soho Vultures played frequently in London at the Marquee and Dingwall's, toured Finland in September of that year appearing on radio shows, a Finnish TV music programme entitled Rock Stop, and made a rarely seen video for the song "Head Over Heels", before calling it a day in late 1987.
1991–2003
After the Soho Vultures disbanded, Berg remained quiet for a few years until he scored a bigger record deal and recorded his only solo album The Leather, The Loneliness And Your Dark Eyes released in 1992 on Communique Records. When he arrived back on the scene he was revitalised by the album release, (his first in eight years since the Idle Flowers single) and promoted and played many live dates between 1992–1993 some with his old bandmate Nasty Suicide guesting on guitar. The album featured guitarist Bernie Torme, bassist Paul Gray|and Rat Scabies on drums. A planned tour of Europe and Japan to promote the album was scheduled but was later cancelled. In 1993 Berg contributed to Nasty Suicide's Cool Talk Injection (1994) album singing lead vocals on the Alvin Gibbs penned song "The Trap That Venus Laid" and backing vocals on two other songs.
Berg died on 28 July 2003 estranged from those who knew him.
One of his proudest moments was appearing onstage in New York City, playing with Chuck Berry. His legacy lives on. The Darkness' 2003 hit "I Believe in a Thing Called Love" is close in arrangement to Berg's "Rob The Bank".
Discography
Idle Flowers
All I Want Is You b/w Fizz Music Single 7" (Mile Ahead Records, 1984)
Studio Demos (Unreleased, 1981–1984)
Songs
London Town
Happy
The Letter (Smash on lead vocals)
Down The Avenue
Feel Your Love
Glad I'm Not American
Lorraine
Pleasures
Girl On The Bus
West End Central
Live Recordings
8/4/87, London, Dingwall's (Unreleased).
16/6/87,London Marquee Club (Unreleased),
Soho Vultures
Studio Demos (Unreleased, 1987)
Songs
London Town
Happy
Too Late (Nasty Suicide and René Berg on lead vocals)
Head Over Heels
Can't Get To Sleep
The Leather, The Loneliness And Your Dark Eyes
Live Recordings
28/8/87, Helsinki 007 Club, Finland (Unreleased)
7/10/1987, London, Dingwall's (Unreleased)
Songs
Alright Alright (Exclusive to these live recordings)
René Berg Band
The Leather, The Loneliness And Your Dark Eyes Album CD (Communique Records, 1992)
Songs
Secrets
Head Over Heels
Can't Get To Sleep
If I Had Wings
Get Up Get Out
Just Wanted To Dance With You
Fast Car
Ideal Woman
Rob The Bank
The Leather, The Loneliness And Your Dark Eyes
Live Recordings
30 May 1992, London, Marquee Club (Unreleased)
22 May 1993, London, The Sir George Robey (Unreleased)
14 November 1993, London, Underworld (Unreleased)
Songs
Everybody Gets The Blues (exclusive to these live recordings)
René Berg appearances
Herman Brood Band
appears on guitar
Hanoi Rocks
Rock & Roll Divorce live album LP (Lick Records, 1985)
Lean On Me Album LP/CD (Lick Records, 1992) (Recorded 1985)
Studio demos (Unreleased, 1985)
appears on bass
"songs"
Party
Running back to your Lover
Lips of Love
Playing with myself
Suicide Twins
Silver Missiles And Nightingales Album LP/CD (Yahoo Records, 1986)
appears on additional lead vocals on "Sweet Pretending"
The Killers aka Jim Penfold & The Hollywood Killers
Studio Demos (Unreleased, 1986)
Songs
Cry
Shatter The Heart
Cactus Tongues
Lonely
appears on guitar and vocals
Gangbang Band
S/T EP 12" (1987)
appears on bass and vocals
Cheap And Nasty
Cool Talk Injection Album LP/CD (Pony Canyon International, 1994)
appears on lead vocals on "The Trap That Venus Laid" and backing vocals on "Healing Touch" and "End of Time".
Band members
Idle Flowers (1981–1985)
René Berg – Lead Vocals / Guitars
Smash – Drums
Froze – Bass
Dougie – Bass
Will Power (Jim Hyatt) – Drums
Anthony Thistlethwaite (Nikki Sudden solo & The Waterboys) – Saxophone (on "All I Want Is You" 1984 Single only)
West End Central (1987)
René Berg – Lead Vocals / Guitars
Nasty Suicide (Hanoi Rocks) – Guitars / Vocals
Smash – Drums
Dave Tregunna (Sham 69, Lords of the New Church) – Bass
Dougie – Bass
Tommy Fox – Bass
Soho Vultures (1987)
René Berg – Lead Vocals / Guitars
Nasty Suicide (Hanoi Rocks) – Guitars / Vocals
Smash – Drums
Tommy Fox – Bass
René Berg Band (1992–1993)
Studio line up
René Berg – Lead Vocals / Guitars
Bernie Torme (Ozzy Osbourne Band, GILLAN, Torme, Electric Gypsies, Desperado) – Guitars
Rat Scabies (Damned) – Drums
Paul Gray (Eddie and the Hot Rods, Damned, U.F.O.) – Bass
Live line up (1993)
René Berg – Lead vocals / guitar
Darrel Bath (U.K. Subs, Crybabys, Dogs D'Amour) – Guitar / backing vocals
Les Riggs – Drums / Backing vocals (Cheap and Nasty)
Timo Kaltio – Guitar (Cheap and Nasty)
Danny Garcia – Bass / backing vocals (The Crybabys)
References
External links
Sleaze Grinder Website: "Flash Metal René Berg". Retrieved 16 December 2006.
Rock Detector Website: "René Berg at MusicMight". Retrieved 16 December 2006.
"Soho Vultures".
Caughtbytheriver.net
1956 births
2003 deaths
Hanoi Rocks members | [
"René Berg (born Ian Bruce, 24 February 1956 – 28 July 2003) was an English musician, vocalist, guitarist, and songwriter, who recorded and performed in a number of bands starting in the late 1970s until his death.",
"His bands included Idle Flowers, Soho Vultures, René Berg Band, along with appearances in Hanoi Rocks, Herman Brood Band, and Jim Penfold's The Killers (1986) (previously known as The Hollywood Killers).",
"Biography\n\n1956–1985\nRené was born Ian Alistair Bruce in 1956, the oldest child of a GP.",
"He grew up in Wanstead, East London, and at the age of eight went to King's College Choir School in Cambridge as a boarder.",
"When he was 13 the family moved to Eastry, Kent, and Ian transferred to day school and took up fishing, about which, says his sister Fiona, he was \"completely passionate\".",
"At about the same time he bought his first guitar with Green Shield stamps, and taught himself to play, and the basement of the Eastry house soon became a regular jam session venue.",
"School was followed by three years at catering college.",
"In 1979, he toured Holland with Soho, a band formed by Tim Smit (now director of the Eden Project).",
"The band also featured Sev Lewkowicz (later to play with Mungo Jerry and Dennis Locorriere) on keyboards.",
"In 1981, after a stint in Amsterdam with Herman Brood’s Wild Romance (initially on guitar, but also on lead vocals after Broods was jailed for dealing LSD), René, as he was by then known, returned to the UK and formed Idle Flowers in September 1981.",
"The band opened up for Hanoi Rocks on 20 January 1983 at the Klub Foot, Clarendon and René also guested on guitar with Hanoi Rocks sometime in that year and joined Hanoi Rocks on stage at Birmingham Mermaid on 27 May for the encore.",
"The Idle Flowers recorded many demos for an intended debut LP entitled The Leather, The Loneliness And Your Dark Eyes (which became the title of René's 1992 solo album) but the recordings remain unreleased.",
"The only official Idle Flowers release was \"All I Want Is You\" / \"Fizz Music\" in 1984 on the Miles Ahead label recorded at the Abbey Road Studios.",
"1985\nIn March 1985, Berg was asked by Michael Monroe and Nasty Suicide to join Hanoi Rocks as the band's new bassist (Sami Yaffa having left the band).",
"Berg was an old friend of the band and had played occasionally with Andy McCoy.",
"The new Hanoi Rocks line-up (which also included one time Clash drummer Terry Chimes filling in after Razzle's death) only lasted a few months before falling apart.",
"However Berg did record bass on the Rock & Roll Divorce (1985) live album and the final Hanoi Rocks 1985 demos.",
"His self penned song \"Fast Car\" included on his 1992 solo album, as well as Hanoi Rocks posthumous Lean On Me (1992).",
"The rest of the 1985 demos remain unreleased.",
"On July 30, 1985, while at a party on board celebrating the release of The Pogues album Rum Sodomy & The Lash, Berg heroically rescued Richard Fenn (a sub editor for the Melody Maker) from drowning in the Thames after Fenn leaped overboard.",
"1986–1990\nShortly after the demise of Hanoi Rocks in May 1985, a month later the Idle Flowers broke up in June 1985 after almost a four-year stint together.",
"Berg kept a low profile before ending up singing lead vocals in 1986 on the Suicide Twins' (Andy McCoy and Nasty Suicide's side acoustic band) Sweet Pretending.",
"In 1986, Berg grouped with Jim Penfold from The Hollywood Killers and started The Killers who recorded four unreleased demos, appeared on London Weekend TV, and did many shows before disbanding in early 1987.",
"Also in 1987, he played on the Gang Bang Band's 12\" EP recorded with Nasty Suicide from Hanoi Rocks, Bernie Torme, Dumpy Dunnell and members of the Quireboys, Babysitters, and Wolfsbane.",
"1987 proved a very productive year for Berg who fronted his second band (after the Idle Flowers) called West End Central which quickly evolved into the Soho Vultures with Nasty Suicide (Hanoi Rocks) on guitar.",
"Tommy Fox soon replaced Dougie (Idle Flowers) on bass and The Soho Vultures recorded six songs in 1987 that to this day remain unreleased.",
"The Soho Vultures songs recorded were \"Head Over Heels\", \"Can't Get To Sleep\", \"The Leather\", \"The Loneliness And Your Dark Eyes\", \"Happy\", \"Too Late\" and \"London Town\".",
"\"Too Late\" featured Nasty Suicide on lead vocals while the other songs featured Berg's vocals.",
"\"The Leather\", \"The Loneliness And Your Dark Eyes\", \"Happy\", and \"Too Late\" were to be rerecorded for the band's debut single on Ammunition Records that never came to be.",
"\"Head Over Heels\", \"Can't Get To Sleep\", and \"The Leather, The Loneliness And Your Dark Eyes\", were all recorded for René's 1992 solo album.",
"Other Soho Vultures tracks played live included the old Idle Flowers songs \"Down The Avenue\", \"Feel Your Love\", \"Glad I'm Not American\", \"Rob The Bank\", \"The Letter\", and \"Alright Alright\" as well as a cover of Hanoi Rocks \"Boiler\".",
"The Soho Vultures played frequently in London at the Marquee and Dingwall's, toured Finland in September of that year appearing on radio shows, a Finnish TV music programme entitled Rock Stop, and made a rarely seen video for the song \"Head Over Heels\", before calling it a day in late 1987.",
"1991–2003\nAfter the Soho Vultures disbanded, Berg remained quiet for a few years until he scored a bigger record deal and recorded his only solo album The Leather, The Loneliness And Your Dark Eyes released in 1992 on Communique Records.",
"When he arrived back on the scene he was revitalised by the album release, (his first in eight years since the Idle Flowers single) and promoted and played many live dates between 1992–1993 some with his old bandmate Nasty Suicide guesting on guitar.",
"The album featured guitarist Bernie Torme, bassist Paul Gray|and Rat Scabies on drums.",
"A planned tour of Europe and Japan to promote the album was scheduled but was later cancelled.",
"In 1993 Berg contributed to Nasty Suicide's Cool Talk Injection (1994) album singing lead vocals on the Alvin Gibbs penned song \"The Trap That Venus Laid\" and backing vocals on two other songs.",
"Berg died on 28 July 2003 estranged from those who knew him.",
"One of his proudest moments was appearing onstage in New York City, playing with Chuck Berry.",
"His legacy lives on.",
"The Darkness' 2003 hit \"I Believe in a Thing Called Love\" is close in arrangement to Berg's \"Rob The Bank\".",
"Discography\n\nIdle Flowers\nAll I Want Is You b/w Fizz Music Single 7\" (Mile Ahead Records, 1984)\nStudio Demos (Unreleased, 1981–1984)\n\nSongs\nLondon Town\nHappy\nThe Letter (Smash on lead vocals)\nDown The Avenue\nFeel Your Love\nGlad I'm Not American\nLorraine\nPleasures\nGirl On The Bus\n\nWest End Central\nLive Recordings\n\n8/4/87, London, Dingwall's (Unreleased).",
"Band members\nIdle Flowers (1981–1985)\n\nRené Berg – Lead Vocals / Guitars\nSmash – Drums\nFroze – Bass\nDougie – Bass\nWill Power (Jim Hyatt) – Drums\nAnthony Thistlethwaite (Nikki Sudden solo & The Waterboys) – Saxophone (on \"All I Want Is You\" 1984 Single only)\n\nWest End Central (1987)\n\nRené Berg – Lead Vocals / Guitars\nNasty Suicide (Hanoi Rocks) – Guitars / Vocals\nSmash – Drums\nDave Tregunna (Sham 69, Lords of the New Church) – Bass\nDougie – Bass\nTommy Fox – Bass\n\nSoho Vultures (1987)\n\nRené Berg – Lead Vocals / Guitars\nNasty Suicide (Hanoi Rocks) – Guitars / Vocals\nSmash – Drums\nTommy Fox – Bass\n\nRené Berg Band (1992–1993)\n\nStudio line up\nRené Berg – Lead Vocals / Guitars\nBernie Torme (Ozzy Osbourne Band, GILLAN, Torme, Electric Gypsies, Desperado) – Guitars\nRat Scabies (Damned) – Drums\nPaul Gray (Eddie and the Hot Rods, Damned, U.F.O.)",
"– Bass\n\nLive line up (1993)\nRené Berg – Lead vocals / guitar\nDarrel Bath (U.K. Subs, Crybabys, Dogs D'Amour) – Guitar / backing vocals\nLes Riggs – Drums / Backing vocals (Cheap and Nasty)\nTimo Kaltio – Guitar (Cheap and Nasty)\nDanny Garcia – Bass / backing vocals (The Crybabys)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nSleaze Grinder Website: \"Flash Metal René Berg\".",
"Retrieved 16 December 2006.",
"Rock Detector Website: \"René Berg at MusicMight\".",
"Retrieved 16 December 2006.",
"\"Soho Vultures\".",
"Caughtbytheriver.net\n\n1956 births\n2003 deaths\nHanoi Rocks members"
] | [
"René Berg was an English musician, vocalist, guitarist, and songwriter who recorded and performed in a number of bands until his death.",
"His bands included the René Berg Band, as well as appearances in Hanoi Rocks, Herman Brood Band, and Jim Penfold's The Killers.",
"René was the oldest child of a GP.",
"He was a boarder at King's College Choir School when he was eight years old.",
"Ian was passionate about fishing when he was 13 and his family moved to Eastry, Kent.",
"The basement of the Eastry house became a regular jam session venue after he bought his first guitar with Green Shield stamps.",
"Three years were spent at the college.",
"Soho, a band formed by Tim Smit, toured Holland in 1979.",
"Lewkowicz later played with Mungo Jerry and Dennis Locorriere on keyboards.",
"In 1981 after a stint in Amsterdam with Herman Brood's Wild Romance (initially on guitar, but also on lead vocals after Broods was jailed for dealing LSD), René, as he was then known, returned to the UK and formed Idle Flowers.",
"The band opened up for Hanoi Rocks on 20 January 1983 at the Klub Foot, Clarendon and René also guested on guitar with Hanoi Rocks and 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611",
"René's 1992 solo album, The Leather, The Loneliness And Your Dark Eyes, is the title of the recordings that The Idle Flowers recorded for an intended debut.",
"\"All I Want Is You\" was recorded in 1984 for the Miles Ahead label.",
"In March 1985, Berg was asked to join the band as their new bassist.",
"Berg was a friend of the band and occasionally played with Andy.",
"After Razzle's death, the new line-up of Hanoi Rocks only lasted a few months before falling apart.",
"Berg recorded bass on Rock & Roll Divorce and the final Hanoi Rocks demos.",
"His self penned song \"Fast Car\" was included on his 1992 solo album.",
"The rest of the demos are not available.",
"While at a party on board celebrating the release of The Pogues album Rum Sodomy & The Lash, Berg heroically saved Richard Fenn, a sub editor for the Melody Maker.",
"The demise of Hanoi Rocks in May 1985 preceded the break up of the band in June 1985.",
"Berg ended up singing lead vocals for the Suicide Twins' side acoustic band Sweet Pretending after keeping a low profile.",
"Berg and Jim Penfold from The Hollywood Killers formed The Killers who recorded four demos, appeared on London Weekend TV, and did many shows before dissolving in 1987.",
"In 1987, he was a member of the Gang Bang Band, which recorded a 12-track record with members of the Quireboys, Babysitters, and Wolfsbane.",
"In 1987 Berg fronted his second band, West End Central, which quickly evolved into the Soho Vultures, a band that would later be known as Hanoi Rocks.",
"The Soho Vultures recorded six songs in 1987 that are still undiscovered.",
"\"Head Over Heels\", \"Can't Get To Sleep\", \"The Leather\", \"The Loneliness And Your Dark Eyes\", \"Happy\", \"Too Late\" and \"London Town\" were recorded by the Soho Vultures.",
"Berg's vocals were featured in \"Too Late\" and other songs.",
"\"The Leather\", \"The Loneliness And Your Dark Eyes\", \"Happy\", and \"Too Late\" were to be re recorded for the band's debut single that never came to be.",
"René recorded \"Head Over Heels\", \"Can't Get To Sleep\", and \"The Leather, The Loneliness And Your Dark Eyes\" for his 1992 solo album.",
"The old Idle Flowers songs \"Down The Avenue\", \"Feel Your Love\", \"Glad I'm Not American\", \"Rob The Bank\", and \"Alright Alright\" were played live.",
"The Soho Vultures made a video for their song \"Head Over Heels\" and appeared on a radio show in September of that year, before calling it a day.",
"Berg recorded his only solo album, The Leather, The Loneliness and Your Dark Eyes, in 1992 after scoring a bigger record deal.",
"When he returned to the scene he was rejuvenated by the release of his first album in eight years and played a number of live dates with his old bandmates.",
"The album had a guitarist, bassist, and a drummer.",
"A tour of Europe and Japan to promote the album was canceled.",
"Berg contributed to the Cool Talk Injection album in 1993 singing lead vocals on a song and backing vocals on two other songs.",
"Those who knew Berg were estranged from him when he died.",
"He played with Chuck Berry in New York City.",
"His legacy continues.",
"\"I Believe in a Thing Called Love\" is close to Berg's \"Rob The Bank\".",
"Songs London Town Happy The Letter and Down The Avenue are from the album All I Want Is You.",
"The band was formed in 1981 by René Berg, Will Power, and Anthony Thistlethwaite.",
"René Berg is the lead vocals and guitar player for Bass Live.",
"The article was published on December 16, 2006",
"\"René Berg at MusicMight\" is a website.",
"The article was published on December 16, 2006",
"\"Soho Vultures\".",
"The births and deaths of Hanoi Rocks members were reported on Caughtbytheriver.net."
] | <mask> (born Ian Bruce, 24 February 1956 – 28 July 2003) was an English musician, vocalist, guitarist, and songwriter, who recorded and performed in a number of bands starting in the late 1970s until his death. His bands included Idle Flowers, Soho Vultures, René Berg Band, along with appearances in Hanoi Rocks, Herman Brood Band, and Jim Penfold's The Killers (1986) (previously known as The Hollywood Killers). Biography
1956–1985
<mask> was born Ian Alistair Bruce in 1956, the oldest child of a GP. He grew up in Wanstead, East London, and at the age of eight went to King's College Choir School in Cambridge as a boarder. When he was 13 the family moved to Eastry, Kent, and Ian transferred to day school and took up fishing, about which, says his sister Fiona, he was "completely passionate". At about the same time he bought his first guitar with Green Shield stamps, and taught himself to play, and the basement of the Eastry house soon became a regular jam session venue. School was followed by three years at catering college.In 1979, he toured Holland with Soho, a band formed by Tim Smit (now director of the Eden Project). The band also featured Sev Lewkowicz (later to play with Mungo Jerry and Dennis Locorriere) on keyboards. In 1981, after a stint in Amsterdam with Herman Brood’s Wild Romance (initially on guitar, but also on lead vocals after Broods was jailed for dealing LSD), <mask>, as he was by then known, returned to the UK and formed Idle Flowers in September 1981. The band opened up for Hanoi Rocks on 20 January 1983 at the Klub Foot, Clarendon and <mask> also guested on guitar with Hanoi Rocks sometime in that year and joined Hanoi Rocks on stage at Birmingham Mermaid on 27 May for the encore. The Idle Flowers recorded many demos for an intended debut LP entitled The Leather, The Loneliness And Your Dark Eyes (which became the title of <mask>'s 1992 solo album) but the recordings remain unreleased. The only official Idle Flowers release was "All I Want Is You" / "Fizz Music" in 1984 on the Miles Ahead label recorded at the Abbey Road Studios. 1985
In March 1985, <mask> was asked by Michael Monroe and Nasty Suicide to join Hanoi Rocks as the band's new bassist (Sami Yaffa having left the band).<mask> was an old friend of the band and had played occasionally with Andy McCoy. The new Hanoi Rocks line-up (which also included one time Clash drummer Terry Chimes filling in after Razzle's death) only lasted a few months before falling apart. However <mask> did record bass on the Rock & Roll Divorce (1985) live album and the final Hanoi Rocks 1985 demos. His self penned song "Fast Car" included on his 1992 solo album, as well as Hanoi Rocks posthumous Lean On Me (1992). The rest of the 1985 demos remain unreleased. On July 30, 1985, while at a party on board celebrating the release of The Pogues album Rum Sodomy & The Lash, <mask> heroically rescued Richard Fenn (a sub editor for the Melody Maker) from drowning in the Thames after Fenn leaped overboard. 1986–1990
Shortly after the demise of Hanoi Rocks in May 1985, a month later the Idle Flowers broke up in June 1985 after almost a four-year stint together.<mask> kept a low profile before ending up singing lead vocals in 1986 on the Suicide Twins' (Andy McCoy and Nasty Suicide's side acoustic band) Sweet Pretending. In 1986, <mask> grouped with Jim Penfold from The Hollywood Killers and started The Killers who recorded four unreleased demos, appeared on London Weekend TV, and did many shows before disbanding in early 1987. Also in 1987, he played on the Gang Bang Band's 12" EP recorded with Nasty Suicide from Hanoi Rocks, Bernie Torme, Dumpy Dunnell and members of the Quireboys, Babysitters, and Wolfsbane. 1987 proved a very productive year for <mask> who fronted his second band (after the Idle Flowers) called West End Central which quickly evolved into the Soho Vultures with Nasty Suicide (Hanoi Rocks) on guitar. Tommy Fox soon replaced Dougie (Idle Flowers) on bass and The Soho Vultures recorded six songs in 1987 that to this day remain unreleased. The Soho Vultures songs recorded were "Head Over Heels", "Can't Get To Sleep", "The Leather", "The Loneliness And Your Dark Eyes", "Happy", "Too Late" and "London Town". "Too Late" featured Nasty Suicide on lead vocals while the other songs featured <mask>'s vocals."The Leather", "The Loneliness And Your Dark Eyes", "Happy", and "Too Late" were to be rerecorded for the band's debut single on Ammunition Records that never came to be. "Head Over Heels", "Can't Get To Sleep", and "The Leather, The Loneliness And Your Dark Eyes", were all recorded for <mask>'s 1992 solo album. Other Soho Vultures tracks played live included the old Idle Flowers songs "Down The Avenue", "Feel Your Love", "Glad I'm Not American", "Rob The Bank", "The Letter", and "Alright Alright" as well as a cover of Hanoi Rocks "Boiler". The Soho Vultures played frequently in London at the Marquee and Dingwall's, toured Finland in September of that year appearing on radio shows, a Finnish TV music programme entitled Rock Stop, and made a rarely seen video for the song "Head Over Heels", before calling it a day in late 1987. 1991–2003
After the Soho Vultures disbanded, <mask> remained quiet for a few years until he scored a bigger record deal and recorded his only solo album The Leather, The Loneliness And Your Dark Eyes released in 1992 on Communique Records. When he arrived back on the scene he was revitalised by the album release, (his first in eight years since the Idle Flowers single) and promoted and played many live dates between 1992–1993 some with his old bandmate Nasty Suicide guesting on guitar. The album featured guitarist Bernie Torme, bassist Paul Gray|and Rat Scabies on drums.A planned tour of Europe and Japan to promote the album was scheduled but was later cancelled. In 1993 <mask> contributed to Nasty Suicide's Cool Talk Injection (1994) album singing lead vocals on the Alvin Gibbs penned song "The Trap That Venus Laid" and backing vocals on two other songs. <mask> died on 28 July 2003 estranged from those who knew him. One of his proudest moments was appearing onstage in New York City, playing with Chuck Berry. His legacy lives on. The Darkness' 2003 hit "I Believe in a Thing Called Love" is close in arrangement to <mask>'s "Rob The Bank". Discography
Idle Flowers
All I Want Is You b/w Fizz Music Single 7" (Mile Ahead Records, 1984)
Studio Demos (Unreleased, 1981–1984)
Songs
London Town
Happy
The Letter (Smash on lead vocals)
Down The Avenue
Feel Your Love
Glad I'm Not American
Lorraine
Pleasures
Girl On The Bus
West End Central
Live Recordings
8/4/87, London, Dingwall's (Unreleased).Band members
Idle Flowers (1981–1985)
<mask> <mask> – Lead Vocals / Guitars
Smash – Drums
Froze – Bass
Dougie – Bass
Will Power (Jim Hyatt) – Drums
Anthony Thistlethwaite (Nikki Sudden solo & The Waterboys) – Saxophone (on "All I Want Is You" 1984 Single only)
West End Central (1987)
<mask> – Lead Vocals / Guitars
Nasty Suicide (Hanoi Rocks) – Guitars / Vocals
Smash – Drums
Dave Tregunna (Sham 69, Lords of the New Church) – Bass
Dougie – Bass
Tommy Fox – Bass
Soho Vultures (1987)
<mask> – Lead Vocals / Guitars
Nasty Suicide (Hanoi Rocks) – Guitars / Vocals
Smash – Drums
Tommy Fox – Bass
<mask> Band (1992–1993)
Studio line up
<mask> – Lead Vocals / Guitars
Bernie Torme (Ozzy Osbourne Band, GILLAN, Torme, Electric Gypsies, Desperado) – Guitars
Rat Scabies (Damned) – Drums
Paul Gray (Eddie and the Hot Rods, Damned, U.F.O.) – Bass
Live line up (1993)
<mask> – Lead vocals / guitar
Darrel Bath (U.K. Subs, Crybabys, Dogs D'Amour) – Guitar / backing vocals
Les Riggs – Drums / Backing vocals (Cheap and Nasty)
Timo Kaltio – Guitar (Cheap and Nasty)
Danny Garcia – Bass / backing vocals (The Crybabys)
References
External links
Sleaze Grinder Website: "Flash Metal <mask>". Retrieved 16 December 2006. Rock Detector Website: "<mask> at MusicMight". Retrieved 16 December 2006. "Soho Vultures". Caughtbytheriver.net
1956 births
2003 deaths
Hanoi Rocks members | [
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] | <mask> was an English musician, vocalist, guitarist, and songwriter who recorded and performed in a number of bands until his death. His bands included the <mask> Band, as well as appearances in Hanoi Rocks, Herman Brood Band, and Jim Penfold's The Killers. <mask> was the oldest child of a GP. He was a boarder at King's College Choir School when he was eight years old. Ian was passionate about fishing when he was 13 and his family moved to Eastry, Kent. The basement of the Eastry house became a regular jam session venue after he bought his first guitar with Green Shield stamps. Three years were spent at the college.Soho, a band formed by Tim Smit, toured Holland in 1979. Lewkowicz later played with Mungo Jerry and Dennis Locorriere on keyboards. In 1981 after a stint in Amsterdam with Herman Brood's Wild Romance (initially on guitar, but also on lead vocals after Broods was jailed for dealing LSD), <mask>, as he was then known, returned to the UK and formed Idle Flowers. The band opened up for Hanoi Rocks on 20 January 1983 at the Klub Foot, Clarendon and <mask> also guested on guitar with Hanoi Rocks and 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 <mask>'s 1992 solo album, The Leather, The Loneliness And Your Dark Eyes, is the title of the recordings that The Idle Flowers recorded for an intended debut. "All I Want Is You" was recorded in 1984 for the Miles Ahead label. In March 1985, Berg was asked to join the band as their new bassist.<mask> was a friend of the band and occasionally played with Andy. After Razzle's death, the new line-up of Hanoi Rocks only lasted a few months before falling apart. <mask> recorded bass on Rock & Roll Divorce and the final Hanoi Rocks demos. His self penned song "Fast Car" was included on his 1992 solo album. The rest of the demos are not available. While at a party on board celebrating the release of The Pogues album Rum Sodomy & The Lash, <mask> heroically saved Richard Fenn, a sub editor for the Melody Maker. The demise of Hanoi Rocks in May 1985 preceded the break up of the band in June 1985.<mask> ended up singing lead vocals for the Suicide Twins' side acoustic band Sweet Pretending after keeping a low profile. <mask> and Jim Penfold from The Hollywood Killers formed The Killers who recorded four demos, appeared on London Weekend TV, and did many shows before dissolving in 1987. In 1987, he was a member of the Gang Bang Band, which recorded a 12-track record with members of the Quireboys, Babysitters, and Wolfsbane. In 1987 <mask> fronted his second band, West End Central, which quickly evolved into the Soho Vultures, a band that would later be known as Hanoi Rocks. The Soho Vultures recorded six songs in 1987 that are still undiscovered. "Head Over Heels", "Can't Get To Sleep", "The Leather", "The Loneliness And Your Dark Eyes", "Happy", "Too Late" and "London Town" were recorded by the Soho Vultures. <mask>'s vocals were featured in "Too Late" and other songs."The Leather", "The Loneliness And Your Dark Eyes", "Happy", and "Too Late" were to be re recorded for the band's debut single that never came to be. <mask> recorded "Head Over Heels", "Can't Get To Sleep", and "The Leather, The Loneliness And Your Dark Eyes" for his 1992 solo album. The old Idle Flowers songs "Down The Avenue", "Feel Your Love", "Glad I'm Not American", "Rob The Bank", and "Alright Alright" were played live. The Soho Vultures made a video for their song "Head Over Heels" and appeared on a radio show in September of that year, before calling it a day. <mask> recorded his only solo album, The Leather, The Loneliness and Your Dark Eyes, in 1992 after scoring a bigger record deal. When he returned to the scene he was rejuvenated by the release of his first album in eight years and played a number of live dates with his old bandmates. The album had a guitarist, bassist, and a drummer.A tour of Europe and Japan to promote the album was canceled. <mask> contributed to the Cool Talk Injection album in 1993 singing lead vocals on a song and backing vocals on two other songs. Those who knew <mask> were estranged from him when he died. He played with Chuck Berry in New York City. His legacy continues. "I Believe in a Thing Called Love" is close to <mask>'s "Rob The Bank". Songs London Town Happy The Letter and Down The Avenue are from the album All I Want Is You.The band was formed in 1981 by <mask>, Will Power, and Anthony Thistlethwaite. <mask> is the lead vocals and guitar player for Bass Live. The article was published on December 16, 2006 "<mask> at MusicMight" is a website. The article was published on December 16, 2006 "Soho Vultures". The births and deaths of Hanoi Rocks members were reported on Caughtbytheriver.net. | [
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] |
66614763 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia%20Lawson | Patricia Lawson | Patricia Lawson (November 18, 1929 – October 10, 2019) was a Canadian multi-sport athlete and coach who played basketball, golf, speed skating, swimming, tennis and track and field. She won provincial championships in all six sports and claimed two national basketball titles in 1955 with the Vancouver Eilers and in 1959 with the Saskatoon Adilman Aces. Lawson took five Saskatchewan Senior Women's golf titles and two Canadian Senior Women's golf championships and played for the Canada women's national basketball team at the 1959 Pan American Games. Lawson worked in the University of Saskatchewan's faculty of the Department of Physical Education from 1956 to 1990 and coached the Huskiette basketball team for two periods. She is a member of various halls of fame and a women's rookie of the year trophy was named after her by the University of Saskatchewan.
Early life and education
On November 18, 1929, Lawson was born in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. She was the eldest daughter of English immigrants William Henry Lawson from Darlington who worked for the Campbell, Wilson and Millar, dry foods and grocery sellers as well as serving in the Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry in World War One action on the Western Front and Irene Victoria Chater of Sunderland. She had one sister. Lawson attended Caswell Elementary School and later Bedford Road Collegiate. She enrolled at the University of Saskatchewan in 1947, and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1950. She then earned a Bachelor of Education degree in 1953. In 1959, Lawson completed a Master's degree at the University of Oregon and a Doctor of Philosophy degree at the University of Southern California eight years later.
Career
She took up sport when she entered an under-10 swimming race in her youth and won. Lawson won each of the single track and field events she entered at Caswell Elementary School before enrolling at Bedford Road Collegiate. She went on to claim five Canadian provincial titles in six individual sports: Lawson broke the provisional records for the 220 and 420 yard events in speed skating in 1944, and won the 1947 Canadian Intermediate Ladies Championship title. She won all six of the track and field competitions she entered in the Bedford Road championships in May 1947 and set the high school record in the high jump discipline. That July, Lawson took the women's shot put event at the Canadian Track and Field Championships. In October of that year, she won the 440 yard relay, the running high jump and the broad jump competitions at the Western Canada Intercollegiate Athletic Union track and field championships.
Throughout her time as a student athlete at the University of Saskatchewan, she competed on a total of thirteen varisty teams in sports such as basketball, swimming, track and field and tennis. In 1948, Lawson won the women's open singles, the women's open doubles and the mixed open doubles competitions at the Central Saskatchewan Tennis Championships. She claimed victory in the women's competition of the Canadian Amateur Speed Skating Championships in February 1949, and went on to claim wins in each of the 100 yards free style, 50 years back stroke and the 50 years freestyle to tally 15 points in the intercollegiate swimming meet at Sasktoon the following month. Lawson won the ladies' singles, ladies' doubles and mixed doubles at the 1950 Central Saskatchewan Tennis tournament. In 1954, Lawson tied for first with Doreen Ryan for the senior women's title at the Canadian Speed Skating Championship.
She was named most valuable player in her debut season with the Saskatchewan Huskies, and went on to claim the 1955 Canadian Basketball Championship playing for the Vancouver Eilers and the 1959 Canadian Basketball Championship as part of the Saskatoon Adilman Aces. Lawson was named to the Canada women's national basketball team for the 1959 Pan American Games in Chicago, one of five Aces players to play for the national squad.
At age 40, she took up golf. She won the Saskatchewan Senior Women's championship on five occasions and took the Canadian Senior Women's championship two times for Team Saskatchewan with Barb Danaher, Joanne Goulet and Vivian Holizki. Lawson played for Team Saskatchewan seven times in the Amateur championship and twelve occasions in the Senior championship. She took the Waskesiu Ladies' Lobstick five times over the course of four decades between 1968 and 1991 and chaired the River Ladies Classic competition from 1988 to 1990. Lawson was also a Golf Saskatchewan golf course rater for 15 years, supported junior golfers and was a golf instructor at many Saskatchewan golf courses.
During the early to late 1950s, Lawson primarily worked at Nutana Collegiate as a teacher. She also briefly worked in Vancouver and continue her teaching tenure with Britannia Secondary School. In 1956, she joined the University of Saskatchewan's faculty of the Department of Physical Education and was made Women's Athletic Director until 1967. Lawson coached the Huskiette basketball team between 1956 and 1964 and again from 1967 to 1968. Throughout this time period, Lawson declined an offer to coach the Canada women's national basketball team in 1966. The following year, Lawson coached the Huskiette team that competed in the basketball event at the 1967 Canada Winter Games.
In 1975, she was appointed to the National Advisory Council on Fitness and Amateur Sport, having previously served on it from 1967 and 1970. Lawson was made chairperson of the council in 1978, and served one term in the position. She was president of the Canadian Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation in 1984, and was a founder member of the Canadian Association for the Advancement of Women in Sport aiming to improve the representation of women at every level of Canadian sport. She retired from the University of Saskatchewan in 1990 to become professor emeritus and delivered the R. Tait Mackenzie Memorial Address.
Personal life
Having needed to be given oxygen for a year as a result of fibrosis, Lawson was diagnosed with lung cancer in 2019. On October 10, 2019 she died at the St. Paul’s Hospital in Saskatoon.
Legacy and honours
She was named a charter fellow of the North American Society of Health, Physical Education, Sport and Dance Professionals in 2000. Lawson is a member of various Halls of Fame. In 1984, she was added to the University of Saskatchewan Athletic Hall of Fame; the Saskatchewan Sports Hall of Fame and Museum in 1985; the Saskatoon Sports Hall of Fame in 1986; the Saskatchewan Golf Hall of Fame in 2011, the Canada Basketball Hall of Fame in 2019; and the Bedford Road Wall of Honour. In 1996, the College of Kinesiology recognised Lawson as one of the "First and Best" and was presented an University of Saskatchewan alumni achievement award in 2018. The University of Saskatchewan named the Patricia Lawson Trophy after her and it is presented to the Saskatchewan Huskies female athletic rookie of the year.
References
1929 births
2019 deaths
Canadian people of English descent
University of Saskatchewan alumni
University of Saskatchewan faculty
University of Oregon alumni
University of Southern California alumni
Canadian women's basketball players
Canadian female golfers
Canadian female speed skaters
Canadian female tennis players
Canadian female track and field athletes
Canadian basketball coaches
Basketball players at the 1959 Pan American Games
Pan American Games competitors for Canada
Sportspeople from Saskatoon
20th-century Canadian women
21st-century Canadian women | [
"Patricia Lawson (November 18, 1929 – October 10, 2019) was a Canadian multi-sport athlete and coach who played basketball, golf, speed skating, swimming, tennis and track and field.",
"She won provincial championships in all six sports and claimed two national basketball titles in 1955 with the Vancouver Eilers and in 1959 with the Saskatoon Adilman Aces.",
"Lawson took five Saskatchewan Senior Women's golf titles and two Canadian Senior Women's golf championships and played for the Canada women's national basketball team at the 1959 Pan American Games.",
"Lawson worked in the University of Saskatchewan's faculty of the Department of Physical Education from 1956 to 1990 and coached the Huskiette basketball team for two periods.",
"She is a member of various halls of fame and a women's rookie of the year trophy was named after her by the University of Saskatchewan.",
"Early life and education\nOn November 18, 1929, Lawson was born in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.",
"She was the eldest daughter of English immigrants William Henry Lawson from Darlington who worked for the Campbell, Wilson and Millar, dry foods and grocery sellers as well as serving in the Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry in World War One action on the Western Front and Irene Victoria Chater of Sunderland.",
"She had one sister.",
"Lawson attended Caswell Elementary School and later Bedford Road Collegiate.",
"She enrolled at the University of Saskatchewan in 1947, and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1950.",
"She then earned a Bachelor of Education degree in 1953.",
"In 1959, Lawson completed a Master's degree at the University of Oregon and a Doctor of Philosophy degree at the University of Southern California eight years later.",
"Career\n\nShe took up sport when she entered an under-10 swimming race in her youth and won.",
"Lawson won each of the single track and field events she entered at Caswell Elementary School before enrolling at Bedford Road Collegiate.",
"She went on to claim five Canadian provincial titles in six individual sports: Lawson broke the provisional records for the 220 and 420 yard events in speed skating in 1944, and won the 1947 Canadian Intermediate Ladies Championship title.",
"She won all six of the track and field competitions she entered in the Bedford Road championships in May 1947 and set the high school record in the high jump discipline.",
"That July, Lawson took the women's shot put event at the Canadian Track and Field Championships.",
"In October of that year, she won the 440 yard relay, the running high jump and the broad jump competitions at the Western Canada Intercollegiate Athletic Union track and field championships.",
"Throughout her time as a student athlete at the University of Saskatchewan, she competed on a total of thirteen varisty teams in sports such as basketball, swimming, track and field and tennis.",
"In 1948, Lawson won the women's open singles, the women's open doubles and the mixed open doubles competitions at the Central Saskatchewan Tennis Championships.",
"She claimed victory in the women's competition of the Canadian Amateur Speed Skating Championships in February 1949, and went on to claim wins in each of the 100 yards free style, 50 years back stroke and the 50 years freestyle to tally 15 points in the intercollegiate swimming meet at Sasktoon the following month.",
"Lawson won the ladies' singles, ladies' doubles and mixed doubles at the 1950 Central Saskatchewan Tennis tournament.",
"In 1954, Lawson tied for first with Doreen Ryan for the senior women's title at the Canadian Speed Skating Championship.",
"She was named most valuable player in her debut season with the Saskatchewan Huskies, and went on to claim the 1955 Canadian Basketball Championship playing for the Vancouver Eilers and the 1959 Canadian Basketball Championship as part of the Saskatoon Adilman Aces.",
"Lawson was named to the Canada women's national basketball team for the 1959 Pan American Games in Chicago, one of five Aces players to play for the national squad.",
"At age 40, she took up golf.",
"She won the Saskatchewan Senior Women's championship on five occasions and took the Canadian Senior Women's championship two times for Team Saskatchewan with Barb Danaher, Joanne Goulet and Vivian Holizki.",
"Lawson played for Team Saskatchewan seven times in the Amateur championship and twelve occasions in the Senior championship.",
"She took the Waskesiu Ladies' Lobstick five times over the course of four decades between 1968 and 1991 and chaired the River Ladies Classic competition from 1988 to 1990.",
"Lawson was also a Golf Saskatchewan golf course rater for 15 years, supported junior golfers and was a golf instructor at many Saskatchewan golf courses.",
"During the early to late 1950s, Lawson primarily worked at Nutana Collegiate as a teacher.",
"She also briefly worked in Vancouver and continue her teaching tenure with Britannia Secondary School.",
"In 1956, she joined the University of Saskatchewan's faculty of the Department of Physical Education and was made Women's Athletic Director until 1967.",
"Lawson coached the Huskiette basketball team between 1956 and 1964 and again from 1967 to 1968.",
"Throughout this time period, Lawson declined an offer to coach the Canada women's national basketball team in 1966.",
"The following year, Lawson coached the Huskiette team that competed in the basketball event at the 1967 Canada Winter Games.",
"In 1975, she was appointed to the National Advisory Council on Fitness and Amateur Sport, having previously served on it from 1967 and 1970.",
"Lawson was made chairperson of the council in 1978, and served one term in the position.",
"She was president of the Canadian Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation in 1984, and was a founder member of the Canadian Association for the Advancement of Women in Sport aiming to improve the representation of women at every level of Canadian sport.",
"She retired from the University of Saskatchewan in 1990 to become professor emeritus and delivered the R. Tait Mackenzie Memorial Address.",
"Personal life\n\nHaving needed to be given oxygen for a year as a result of fibrosis, Lawson was diagnosed with lung cancer in 2019.",
"On October 10, 2019 she died at the St. Paul’s Hospital in Saskatoon.",
"Legacy and honours\nShe was named a charter fellow of the North American Society of Health, Physical Education, Sport and Dance Professionals in 2000.",
"Lawson is a member of various Halls of Fame.",
"In 1984, she was added to the University of Saskatchewan Athletic Hall of Fame; the Saskatchewan Sports Hall of Fame and Museum in 1985; the Saskatoon Sports Hall of Fame in 1986; the Saskatchewan Golf Hall of Fame in 2011, the Canada Basketball Hall of Fame in 2019; and the Bedford Road Wall of Honour.",
"In 1996, the College of Kinesiology recognised Lawson as one of the \"First and Best\" and was presented an University of Saskatchewan alumni achievement award in 2018.",
"The University of Saskatchewan named the Patricia Lawson Trophy after her and it is presented to the Saskatchewan Huskies female athletic rookie of the year.",
"References\n\n1929 births\n2019 deaths\nCanadian people of English descent\nUniversity of Saskatchewan alumni\nUniversity of Saskatchewan faculty\nUniversity of Oregon alumni\nUniversity of Southern California alumni\nCanadian women's basketball players\nCanadian female golfers\nCanadian female speed skaters\nCanadian female tennis players\nCanadian female track and field athletes\nCanadian basketball coaches\nBasketball players at the 1959 Pan American Games\nPan American Games competitors for Canada\nSportspeople from Saskatoon\n20th-century Canadian women\n21st-century Canadian women"
] | [
"A Canadian multi-sport athlete and coach, she played basketball, golf, speed skating, swimming, tennis and track and field.",
"In 1955 she won two national basketball titles with the Vancouver Eilers and in 1959 she won two national basketball titles with the Saskatoon Adilman Aces.",
"At the 1959 Pan American Games, she played for the Canada women's national basketball team and took five Saskatchewan Senior Women's golf titles.",
"In the 1960's and 70's, he worked in the Department of Physical Education at the University ofSaskatchewan and coached the basketball team for two periods.",
"She is a member of various halls of fame and a women's rookies of the year trophy was named after her.",
"On November 18, 1929, Lawson was born.",
"She served in the Canadian Light Infantry in World War One on the Western Front as well as working for Campbell, Wilson and Millar, dry foods and grocery sellers, and was the daughter of English immigrants.",
"She had a single sister.",
"There were two schools where he attended, the Caswell Elementary School and the Bedford Road Collegiate.",
"She graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Saskatchewan in 1950.",
"In 1953, she earned a Bachelor of Education degree.",
"In 1959 he received a Master's degree from the University of Oregon and a Doctor of Philosophy degree from the University of Southern California.",
"When she was young, she entered a swimming race and won.",
"She won all of the single track and field events she entered at the elementary school.",
"In 1944, she broke the records for the 220 and 420 yard events in speed skating, and in 1947 she won the Canadian Intermediate Ladies Championship title.",
"She set a high school record in the high jump and won all six of the track and field competition she entered.",
"The women's shot put event was held at the Canadian Track and Field Championships.",
"She won the running high jump and broad jump at the Western Canada Intercollegiate Athletic Union track and field championships in October of that year.",
"During her time as a student athlete at the University of Saskatchewan, she competed on thirteen different teams in sports such as basketball, swimming, track and field and tennis.",
"The women's open singles, the women's open doubles, and the mixed open doubles were all won by Lawson.",
"She claimed victory in the women's competition of the Canadian Amateur Speed Skating Championships in February 1949, and went on to claim wins in each of the 100 yards free style, 50 years back stroke and the 50 years freestyle to tally 15 points in the intercollegiate swimming meet.",
"The ladies' singles, ladies' doubles, and mixed doubles were all won by Lawson.",
"There was a tie for the senior women's title at the Canadian Speed Skating Championship.",
"She won the 1955 Canadian Basketball Championship as a member of theVancouver Eilers and the 1959 Canadian Basketball Championship as a member of theSaskatchewan Adilman Aces.",
"The Canada women's national basketball team was named to play in the 1959 Pan American Games in Chicago, one of five players to play for the national squad.",
"She started playing golf at the age of 40.",
"She won the Canadian Senior Women's championship two times with Barb Danaher and JoAnn Goulet, and she also won the Saskatchewan Senior Women's championship five times.",
"In the amateur championship, he played for seven times, and in the senior championship, he played for twelve times.",
"She chaired the River Ladies Classic from 1988 to 1990 and took the Waskesiu Ladies' Lobstick five times.",
"For 15 years, Lawson was a golf course rater and instructor at many golf courses in the province.",
"In the early to late 1950s, he worked at Nutana Collegiate as a teacher.",
"She continued her teaching tenure with Britannia Secondary School.",
"She was made Women's Athletic Director at the University of Saskatchewan in 1967.",
"The Huskiette basketball team was coached by Lawson from 1966 to 1968.",
"The Canada women's national basketball team was looking for a coach in 1966.",
"The Huskiette team competed in the basketball event at the Canada Winter Games in 1967.",
"She had previously served on the National Advisory Council on Fitness and Amateur Sport.",
"In 1978 she was made chairperson of the council and served one term.",
"She was president of the Canadian Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation in 1984 and a founding member of the Canadian Association for the advancement of women in sport.",
"She retired from the University of Saskatchewan in 1990 and delivered the R. Tait Mackenzie Memorial Address.",
"After being given oxygen for a year because of fibrosis, he was diagnosed with lung cancer.",
"She passed away at the St. Paul's Hospital in SASKATOON on October 10, 2019.",
"She was named a charter fellow of the North American Society of Health, Physical Education, Sport and Dance Professionals in 2000.",
"There are various Halls of Fame.",
"She was added to the University of Saskatchewan Athletic Hall of Fame in 1984 and was also added to the Saskatoon Sports Hall of Fame in 1986 and the Canada Basketball Hall of Fame in 2011.",
"In 1996, the College of Kinesiology recognised Lawson as one of the \"First and Best\" and presented him with an alumni achievement award.",
"The award for female athletic rookies of the year at the University of Saskatchewan is named after her.",
"Canadian women's basketball players, Canadian female golfers, Canadian female speed skaters, Canadian female tennis players, Canadian female track and field athletes, Canadian basketball coaches and University of Southern California alumni."
] | <mask> (November 18, 1929 – October 10, 2019) was a Canadian multi-sport athlete and coach who played basketball, golf, speed skating, swimming, tennis and track and field. She won provincial championships in all six sports and claimed two national basketball titles in 1955 with the Vancouver Eilers and in 1959 with the Saskatoon Adilman Aces. <mask> took five Saskatchewan Senior Women's golf titles and two Canadian Senior Women's golf championships and played for the Canada women's national basketball team at the 1959 Pan American Games. <mask> worked in the University of Saskatchewan's faculty of the Department of Physical Education from 1956 to 1990 and coached the Huskiette basketball team for two periods. She is a member of various halls of fame and a women's rookie of the year trophy was named after her by the University of Saskatchewan. Early life and education
On November 18, 1929, <mask> was born in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. She was the eldest daughter of English immigrants <mask> from Darlington who worked for the Campbell, Wilson and Millar, dry foods and grocery sellers as well as serving in the Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry in World War One action on the Western Front and Irene Victoria Chater of Sunderland.She had one sister. <mask> attended Caswell Elementary School and later Bedford Road Collegiate. She enrolled at the University of Saskatchewan in 1947, and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1950. She then earned a Bachelor of Education degree in 1953. In 1959, <mask> completed a Master's degree at the University of Oregon and a Doctor of Philosophy degree at the University of Southern California eight years later. Career
She took up sport when she entered an under-10 swimming race in her youth and won. <mask> won each of the single track and field events she entered at Caswell Elementary School before enrolling at Bedford Road Collegiate.She went on to claim five Canadian provincial titles in six individual sports: <mask> broke the provisional records for the 220 and 420 yard events in speed skating in 1944, and won the 1947 Canadian Intermediate Ladies Championship title. She won all six of the track and field competitions she entered in the Bedford Road championships in May 1947 and set the high school record in the high jump discipline. That July, <mask> took the women's shot put event at the Canadian Track and Field Championships. In October of that year, she won the 440 yard relay, the running high jump and the broad jump competitions at the Western Canada Intercollegiate Athletic Union track and field championships. Throughout her time as a student athlete at the University of Saskatchewan, she competed on a total of thirteen varisty teams in sports such as basketball, swimming, track and field and tennis. In 1948, <mask> won the women's open singles, the women's open doubles and the mixed open doubles competitions at the Central Saskatchewan Tennis Championships. She claimed victory in the women's competition of the Canadian Amateur Speed Skating Championships in February 1949, and went on to claim wins in each of the 100 yards free style, 50 years back stroke and the 50 years freestyle to tally 15 points in the intercollegiate swimming meet at Sasktoon the following month.<mask> won the ladies' singles, ladies' doubles and mixed doubles at the 1950 Central Saskatchewan Tennis tournament. In 1954, <mask> tied for first with Doreen Ryan for the senior women's title at the Canadian Speed Skating Championship. She was named most valuable player in her debut season with the Saskatchewan Huskies, and went on to claim the 1955 Canadian Basketball Championship playing for the Vancouver Eilers and the 1959 Canadian Basketball Championship as part of the Saskatoon Adilman Aces. <mask> was named to the Canada women's national basketball team for the 1959 Pan American Games in Chicago, one of five Aces players to play for the national squad. At age 40, she took up golf. She won the Saskatchewan Senior Women's championship on five occasions and took the Canadian Senior Women's championship two times for Team Saskatchewan with Barb Danaher, Joanne Goulet and Vivian Holizki. <mask> played for Team Saskatchewan seven times in the Amateur championship and twelve occasions in the Senior championship.She took the Waskesiu Ladies' Lobstick five times over the course of four decades between 1968 and 1991 and chaired the River Ladies Classic competition from 1988 to 1990. <mask> was also a Golf Saskatchewan golf course rater for 15 years, supported junior golfers and was a golf instructor at many Saskatchewan golf courses. During the early to late 1950s, <mask> primarily worked at Nutana Collegiate as a teacher. She also briefly worked in Vancouver and continue her teaching tenure with Britannia Secondary School. In 1956, she joined the University of Saskatchewan's faculty of the Department of Physical Education and was made Women's Athletic Director until 1967. <mask> coached the Huskiette basketball team between 1956 and 1964 and again from 1967 to 1968. Throughout this time period, <mask> declined an offer to coach the Canada women's national basketball team in 1966.The following year, <mask> coached the Huskiette team that competed in the basketball event at the 1967 Canada Winter Games. In 1975, she was appointed to the National Advisory Council on Fitness and Amateur Sport, having previously served on it from 1967 and 1970. <mask> was made chairperson of the council in 1978, and served one term in the position. She was president of the Canadian Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation in 1984, and was a founder member of the Canadian Association for the Advancement of Women in Sport aiming to improve the representation of women at every level of Canadian sport. She retired from the University of Saskatchewan in 1990 to become professor emeritus and delivered the R. Tait Mackenzie Memorial Address. Personal life
Having needed to be given oxygen for a year as a result of fibrosis, <mask> was diagnosed with lung cancer in 2019. On October 10, 2019 she died at the St. Paul’s Hospital in Saskatoon.Legacy and honours
She was named a charter fellow of the North American Society of Health, Physical Education, Sport and Dance Professionals in 2000. <mask> is a member of various Halls of Fame. In 1984, she was added to the University of Saskatchewan Athletic Hall of Fame; the Saskatchewan Sports Hall of Fame and Museum in 1985; the Saskatoon Sports Hall of Fame in 1986; the Saskatchewan Golf Hall of Fame in 2011, the Canada Basketball Hall of Fame in 2019; and the Bedford Road Wall of Honour. In 1996, the College of Kinesiology recognised <mask> as one of the "First and Best" and was presented an University of Saskatchewan alumni achievement award in 2018. The University of Saskatchewan named the <mask> Trophy after her and it is presented to the Saskatchewan Huskies female athletic rookie of the year. References
1929 births
2019 deaths
Canadian people of English descent
University of Saskatchewan alumni
University of Saskatchewan faculty
University of Oregon alumni
University of Southern California alumni
Canadian women's basketball players
Canadian female golfers
Canadian female speed skaters
Canadian female tennis players
Canadian female track and field athletes
Canadian basketball coaches
Basketball players at the 1959 Pan American Games
Pan American Games competitors for Canada
Sportspeople from Saskatoon
20th-century Canadian women
21st-century Canadian women | [
"Patricia Lawson",
"Lawson",
"Lawson",
"Lawson",
"William Henry Lawson",
"Lawson",
"Lawson",
"Lawson",
"Lawson",
"Lawson",
"Lawson",
"Lawson",
"Lawson",
"Lawson",
"Lawson",
"Lawson",
"Lawson",
"Lawson",
"Lawson",
"Lawson",
"Lawson",
"Lawson",
"Lawson",
"Lawson",
"Patricia Lawson"
] | A Canadian multi-sport athlete and coach, she played basketball, golf, speed skating, swimming, tennis and track and field. In 1955 she won two national basketball titles with the Vancouver Eilers and in 1959 she won two national basketball titles with the Saskatoon Adilman Aces. At the 1959 Pan American Games, she played for the Canada women's national basketball team and took five Saskatchewan Senior Women's golf titles. In the 1960's and 70's, he worked in the Department of Physical Education at the University ofSaskatchewan and coached the basketball team for two periods. She is a member of various halls of fame and a women's rookies of the year trophy was named after her. On November 18, 1929, <mask> was born. She served in the Canadian Light Infantry in World War One on the Western Front as well as working for Campbell, Wilson and Millar, dry foods and grocery sellers, and was the daughter of English immigrants.She had a single sister. There were two schools where he attended, the Caswell Elementary School and the Bedford Road Collegiate. She graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Saskatchewan in 1950. In 1953, she earned a Bachelor of Education degree. In 1959 he received a Master's degree from the University of Oregon and a Doctor of Philosophy degree from the University of Southern California. When she was young, she entered a swimming race and won. She won all of the single track and field events she entered at the elementary school.In 1944, she broke the records for the 220 and 420 yard events in speed skating, and in 1947 she won the Canadian Intermediate Ladies Championship title. She set a high school record in the high jump and won all six of the track and field competition she entered. The women's shot put event was held at the Canadian Track and Field Championships. She won the running high jump and broad jump at the Western Canada Intercollegiate Athletic Union track and field championships in October of that year. During her time as a student athlete at the University of Saskatchewan, she competed on thirteen different teams in sports such as basketball, swimming, track and field and tennis. The women's open singles, the women's open doubles, and the mixed open doubles were all won by <mask>. She claimed victory in the women's competition of the Canadian Amateur Speed Skating Championships in February 1949, and went on to claim wins in each of the 100 yards free style, 50 years back stroke and the 50 years freestyle to tally 15 points in the intercollegiate swimming meet.The ladies' singles, ladies' doubles, and mixed doubles were all won by <mask>couver Eilers and the 1959 Canadian Basketball Championship as a member of theSaskatchewan Adilman Aces. The Canada women's national basketball team was named to play in the 1959 Pan American Games in Chicago, one of five players to play for the national squad. She started playing golf at the age of 40. She won the Canadian Senior Women's championship two times with Barb Danaher and JoAnn Goulet, and she also won the Saskatchewan Senior Women's championship five times. In the amateur championship, he played for seven times, and in the senior championship, he played for twelve times.She chaired the River Ladies Classic from 1988 to 1990 and took the Waskesiu Ladies' Lobstick five times. For 15 years, <mask> was a golf course rater and instructor at many golf courses in the province. In the early to late 1950s, he worked at Nutana Collegiate as a teacher. She continued her teaching tenure with Britannia Secondary School. She was made Women's Athletic Director at the University of Saskatchewan in 1967. The Huskiette basketball team was coached by <mask> from 1966 to 1968. The Canada women's national basketball team was looking for a coach in 1966.The Huskiette team competed in the basketball event at the Canada Winter Games in 1967. She had previously served on the National Advisory Council on Fitness and Amateur Sport. In 1978 she was made chairperson of the council and served one term. She was president of the Canadian Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation in 1984 and a founding member of the Canadian Association for the advancement of women in sport. She retired from the University of Saskatchewan in 1990 and delivered the R. Tait Mackenzie Memorial Address. After being given oxygen for a year because of fibrosis, he was diagnosed with lung cancer. She passed away at the St. Paul's Hospital in SASKATOON on October 10, 2019.She was named a charter fellow of the North American Society of Health, Physical Education, Sport and Dance Professionals in 2000. There are various Halls of Fame. She was added to the University of Saskatchewan Athletic Hall of Fame in 1984 and was also added to the Saskatoon Sports Hall of Fame in 1986 and the Canada Basketball Hall of Fame in 2011. In 1996, the College of Kinesiology recognised <mask> as one of the "First and Best" and presented him with an alumni achievement award. The award for female athletic rookies of the year at the University of Saskatchewan is named after her. Canadian women's basketball players, Canadian female golfers, Canadian female speed skaters, Canadian female tennis players, Canadian female track and field athletes, Canadian basketball coaches and University of Southern California alumni. | [
"Lawson",
"Lawson",
"Lawsonan",
"Lawson",
"Lawson",
"Lawson"
] |
10599849 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Counts | George Counts | George Sylvester Counts (December 9, 1889 – November 10, 1974) was an American educator and influential education theorist.
An early proponent of the progressive education movement of John Dewey, Counts became its leading critic affiliated with the school of Social reconstructionism in education. Counts is credited for influencing several subsequent theories, particularly critical pedagogy. Counts wrote dozens of important papers and 29 books about education. He was also highly active in politics as a leading advocate of teachers' unions, the head of the American Federation of Teachers, the founder of the New York State Liberal Party, and as a candidate for the U.S. Senate.
Influences
Counts graduated from Baker University in 1911 with a Bachelor of Arts degree. He then became a high school principal, a science and math teacher, and an athletic coach before heading off to graduate school. While attending graduate school at the University of Chicago in 1913, Counts was influenced by John Dewey and Francis W. Parker. He planned on majoring in sociology until his brother-in-law encouraged him to go into education. Counts then decided he would major in education but minor in sociology and social science. During this time he was a student of Charles Hubbard Judd, a leading proponent of the science of education. It was uncommon during this time to combine a career in education with anything other than psychology. Counts took great pride in knowing he was Judd's first student to not minor in psychology. Counts earned a doctorate in education at the University of Chicago in 1916. His experience studying sociology under Albion W. Small during this period is attributed for encouraging Counts to concentrate on the sociological dimension of educational research.
Profession
Early career
Counts' first position was head of the Department of Education at Delaware College from 1916–1918, then as a professor at Harris Teachers College in 1918. Counts taught at the University of Washington in 1919, then Yale in 1920. Then, in 1926, he taught at the University of Chicago. In 1924 he published The Principles of Education, (1924) with J. Crosby Chapman. During this period Counts favored Dewey's progressive education model of child-centered learning, and this book provided a broad overview of education from that perspective.
In 1926 Counts returned to the University of Chicago. The next year he began a remarkable tenure at Columbia University Teachers College. He remained here until he was forced to retire in 1955. In 1930 Counts wrote American Road to Culture a global perspective on education. In this book he identifies ten "controlling ideas" in U.S. education. He also talks about individual success, national solidarity, and philosophic uncertainty. Regarding this book's case about American schools, H. G. Wells said, "the complete ideological sterilization of the common schools of the Republic is demonstrated beyond question. The sterilization was deliberate."
Dare the School Build a New Social Order?
After publishing two comparative studies of the Soviet education system, The New Russian Primer. (1931) and The Soviet Challenge to America. (1931), Counts was invited to address to the Progressive Education Association. His papers, delivered over three separate speeches, formed the core of the book, Dare the School Build a New Social Order?, published in 1932. Counts provides a clear examination of the cultural, social and political purposes of education, and proponents the deliberate examination and navigation of teaching for political purposes.
In his address Counts proposed that teachers "dare build a new social order" through a complex, but definitely possible, process. He explained that only through schooling could students be educated for a life in a world transformed by massive changes in science, industry, and technology. Counts insisted that responsible educators "cannot evade the responsibility of participating actively in the task of reconstituting the democratic tradition and of thus working positively toward a new society." Counts' address to the PEA and the subsequent publication put him in the forefront of the social reconstructionism movement in education.
Conservative educators attacked the premise of Counts' assertion, and progressive educators recoiled at his criticism of their practices. W. E. B. Du Bois issued a rebuttal to Counts' assertions that teachers were capable of building a "new social order". In 1935 he spoke to a Georgia African American teacher's convention, curtly discounting the nature of the education system today.
Later career
Counts continued teaching at Columbia. Several of his students, including William Marvin Alexander, went on to notability in the field of education themselves. Counts retired in 1956.
From 1942 to 1944 Counts served as New York State chairman of the American Labor Party. In 1945 he established the Liberal Party in New York, he ran as its candidate for the United States Senate in 1952. Counts was the chairman of that party from 1955 to 1959. He was a member of the National Committee of the American Civil Liberties Union from 1940 to 1973, and was President of the American Federation of Teachers from 1939 to 1942.
Counts traveled to the Soviet Union several times in the course of his life, writing several books about Soviet education and comparing Soviet and American education systems. In the 1930s William Randolph Hearst used select statements from interviews with Counts to portray American university faculty as Communist Party sympathizers.
After retirement Counts served as a visiting professor at the University of Pittsburgh, Michigan State University and Southern Illinois University.
Legacy
Counts' theories continue to draw support from modern educators.
Bibliography
The New Russian Primer (1931) and The Soviet Challenge to America (1931) were Counts' first works, and Dare the School Build a New Social Order? (1932) is regarded as his seminal work. His other books include The Social Foundations of Education (1934); The Prospects of American Democracy (1938); The Country of the Blind (1949), and; Education and American Civilization (1952). He taught at Columbia University Teachers College for almost thirty years. His final publications included Education and the Foundations of Human Freedom (1952) and School and Society in Chicago (1971).
Bibliography of writings on Counts
Austin, J. George Counts at Teachers College, 1927-1941;: A study in unfulfilled expectations.
Braun, R. (2002) Teachers and Power. Touchstone Publishers.
Berube, M. (1988) Teacher Politics. Greenwood Press.
Cremin, L.A. (1964) The transformation of the American school: Progressivism in American education 1876–1957. New York: Vintage.
Gutek, G. (1970) The Educational Theory George S. Counts. Ohio: Ohio State University Press.
Ornstein, A, & Levine, D. (1993) Foundations of Education. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Sheerin, W. (1976) "Educational Scholarship and the Legacy of George S. Counts," Educational Theory 26(1), 107–112.
Dennis, L. (1990) George S. Counts and Charles A. Beard: Collaborators for Change. (SUNY Series in the Philosophy of Education). State Univ of New York Press.
See also
Harold Rugg
Theodore Brameld
Charles A. Beard
Education theory
References
External links
George S. Counts Papers, 1907-1974 at Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Special Collections Research Center
1889 births
1974 deaths
Popular education
American educational theorists
20th-century American educators
Baker University alumni
University of Chicago alumni
University of Delaware faculty
University of Washington faculty
Harris–Stowe State University faculty
Teachers College, Columbia University faculty
Development specialists
Writers about the Soviet Union
American Federation of Teachers people
Liberal Party of New York politicians
Leaders of organizations
People from Baldwin City, Kansas | [
"George Sylvester Counts (December 9, 1889 – November 10, 1974) was an American educator and influential education theorist.",
"An early proponent of the progressive education movement of John Dewey, Counts became its leading critic affiliated with the school of Social reconstructionism in education.",
"Counts is credited for influencing several subsequent theories, particularly critical pedagogy.",
"Counts wrote dozens of important papers and 29 books about education.",
"He was also highly active in politics as a leading advocate of teachers' unions, the head of the American Federation of Teachers, the founder of the New York State Liberal Party, and as a candidate for the U.S. Senate.",
"Influences\nCounts graduated from Baker University in 1911 with a Bachelor of Arts degree.",
"He then became a high school principal, a science and math teacher, and an athletic coach before heading off to graduate school.",
"While attending graduate school at the University of Chicago in 1913, Counts was influenced by John Dewey and Francis W. Parker.",
"He planned on majoring in sociology until his brother-in-law encouraged him to go into education.",
"Counts then decided he would major in education but minor in sociology and social science.",
"During this time he was a student of Charles Hubbard Judd, a leading proponent of the science of education.",
"It was uncommon during this time to combine a career in education with anything other than psychology.",
"Counts took great pride in knowing he was Judd's first student to not minor in psychology.",
"Counts earned a doctorate in education at the University of Chicago in 1916.",
"His experience studying sociology under Albion W. Small during this period is attributed for encouraging Counts to concentrate on the sociological dimension of educational research.",
"Profession\n\nEarly career \n\nCounts' first position was head of the Department of Education at Delaware College from 1916–1918, then as a professor at Harris Teachers College in 1918.",
"Counts taught at the University of Washington in 1919, then Yale in 1920.",
"Then, in 1926, he taught at the University of Chicago.",
"In 1924 he published The Principles of Education, (1924) with J. Crosby Chapman.",
"During this period Counts favored Dewey's progressive education model of child-centered learning, and this book provided a broad overview of education from that perspective.",
"In 1926 Counts returned to the University of Chicago.",
"The next year he began a remarkable tenure at Columbia University Teachers College.",
"He remained here until he was forced to retire in 1955.",
"In 1930 Counts wrote American Road to Culture a global perspective on education.",
"In this book he identifies ten \"controlling ideas\" in U.S. education.",
"He also talks about individual success, national solidarity, and philosophic uncertainty.",
"Regarding this book's case about American schools, H. G. Wells said, \"the complete ideological sterilization of the common schools of the Republic is demonstrated beyond question.",
"The sterilization was deliberate.\"",
"Dare the School Build a New Social Order?",
"After publishing two comparative studies of the Soviet education system, The New Russian Primer.",
"(1931) and The Soviet Challenge to America.",
"(1931), Counts was invited to address to the Progressive Education Association.",
"His papers, delivered over three separate speeches, formed the core of the book, Dare the School Build a New Social Order?, published in 1932.",
"Counts provides a clear examination of the cultural, social and political purposes of education, and proponents the deliberate examination and navigation of teaching for political purposes.",
"In his address Counts proposed that teachers \"dare build a new social order\" through a complex, but definitely possible, process.",
"He explained that only through schooling could students be educated for a life in a world transformed by massive changes in science, industry, and technology.",
"Counts insisted that responsible educators \"cannot evade the responsibility of participating actively in the task of reconstituting the democratic tradition and of thus working positively toward a new society.\"",
"Counts' address to the PEA and the subsequent publication put him in the forefront of the social reconstructionism movement in education.",
"Conservative educators attacked the premise of Counts' assertion, and progressive educators recoiled at his criticism of their practices.",
"W. E. B.",
"Du Bois issued a rebuttal to Counts' assertions that teachers were capable of building a \"new social order\".",
"In 1935 he spoke to a Georgia African American teacher's convention, curtly discounting the nature of the education system today.",
"Later career \n\nCounts continued teaching at Columbia.",
"Several of his students, including William Marvin Alexander, went on to notability in the field of education themselves.",
"Counts retired in 1956.",
"From 1942 to 1944 Counts served as New York State chairman of the American Labor Party.",
"In 1945 he established the Liberal Party in New York, he ran as its candidate for the United States Senate in 1952.",
"Counts was the chairman of that party from 1955 to 1959.",
"He was a member of the National Committee of the American Civil Liberties Union from 1940 to 1973, and was President of the American Federation of Teachers from 1939 to 1942.",
"Counts traveled to the Soviet Union several times in the course of his life, writing several books about Soviet education and comparing Soviet and American education systems.",
"In the 1930s William Randolph Hearst used select statements from interviews with Counts to portray American university faculty as Communist Party sympathizers.",
"After retirement Counts served as a visiting professor at the University of Pittsburgh, Michigan State University and Southern Illinois University.",
"Legacy \n\nCounts' theories continue to draw support from modern educators.",
"Bibliography \n\nThe New Russian Primer (1931) and The Soviet Challenge to America (1931) were Counts' first works, and Dare the School Build a New Social Order?",
"(1932) is regarded as his seminal work.",
"His other books include The Social Foundations of Education (1934); The Prospects of American Democracy (1938); The Country of the Blind (1949), and; Education and American Civilization (1952).",
"He taught at Columbia University Teachers College for almost thirty years.",
"His final publications included Education and the Foundations of Human Freedom (1952) and School and Society in Chicago (1971).",
"Bibliography of writings on Counts\n Austin, J. George Counts at Teachers College, 1927-1941;: A study in unfulfilled expectations.",
"Braun, R. (2002) Teachers and Power.",
"Touchstone Publishers.",
"Berube, M. (1988) Teacher Politics.",
"Greenwood Press.",
"Cremin, L.A. (1964) The transformation of the American school: Progressivism in American education 1876–1957.",
"New York: Vintage.",
"Gutek, G. (1970) The Educational Theory George S. Counts.",
"Ohio: Ohio State University Press.",
"Ornstein, A, & Levine, D. (1993) Foundations of Education.",
"Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.",
"Sheerin, W. (1976) \"Educational Scholarship and the Legacy of George S. Counts,\" Educational Theory 26(1), 107–112.",
"Dennis, L. (1990) George S. Counts and Charles A.",
"Beard: Collaborators for Change.",
"(SUNY Series in the Philosophy of Education).",
"State Univ of New York Press.",
"See also\n\n Harold Rugg\n Theodore Brameld\n Charles A.",
"Beard\n Education theory\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nGeorge S. Counts Papers, 1907-1974 at Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Special Collections Research Center\n\n1889 births\n1974 deaths\nPopular education\nAmerican educational theorists\n20th-century American educators\nBaker University alumni\nUniversity of Chicago alumni\nUniversity of Delaware faculty\nUniversity of Washington faculty\nHarris–Stowe State University faculty\nTeachers College, Columbia University faculty\nDevelopment specialists\nWriters about the Soviet Union\nAmerican Federation of Teachers people\nLiberal Party of New York politicians\nLeaders of organizations\nPeople from Baldwin City, Kansas"
] | [
"George Sylvester Counts was an American education theorist.",
"The leading critic of the school of Social reconstructionism in education was an early supporter of the progressive education movement of John Dewey.",
"Critical pedagogy is credited with being influenced by Counts.",
"Many important papers and books were written by Counts.",
"He was a leading advocate of teachers' unions, a founder of the New York State Liberal Party, and a candidate for the U.S. Senate.",
"Influences Counts received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Baker University.",
"He went to graduate school after becoming a high school principal, a science and math teacher, and an athletic coach.",
"John Dewey and Francis W.Parker influenced Counts while he was at graduate school.",
"He was going to major in sociology but his brother-in-law encouraged him to go into education.",
"He decided to major in education but minor in sociology and social science.",
"He was a student of Charles Hubbard Judd, a leading advocate of the science of education.",
"It was rare to combine a career in education with a career in psychology.",
"Counts was the first student to not minor in psychology.",
"He received a doctorate in education from the University of Chicago in 1916.",
"During this time, Counts was encouraged to concentrate on the sociological aspect of educational research.",
"The head of the Department of Education at Delaware College was the first position that Profession Early career Counts held.",
"In 1919, Counts taught at the University of Washington.",
"He taught at the University of Chicago in the late 19th century.",
"The Principles of Education was published in 1924.",
"Dewey's progressive education model of child-centered learning was favored by Counts during this time.",
"Counts went back to the University of Chicago.",
"He started his tenure at Columbia University Teachers College.",
"He was forced to retire in 1955.",
"American Road to Culture was written by Counts in 1930.",
"He identifies ten \"controlling ideas\" in U.S. education.",
"He talks about individual success, national solidarity, and uncertainty.",
"H. G. Wells said that the complete ideological sterilization of the common schools of the Republic is shown in the book.",
"The procedure was done deliberately.",
"The school should build a new social order.",
"The New Russian Primer was a comparative study of the Soviet education system.",
"The Soviet Challenge to America was published in 1901.",
"The Progressive Education Association invited Counts to speak.",
"The core of the book was formed by his papers, which were delivered over three separate speeches.",
"A clear examination of the cultural, social and political purposes of education is provided by Counts.",
"According to Counts, teachers can build a new social order through a complex, but definitely possible, process.",
"He said that only through school could students be educated for a life in a world that has changed greatly in science, industry, and technology.",
"Counts insisted that responsible educators have a responsibility to participate actively in the task of reconstituting the democratic tradition and to work positively toward a new society.",
"The publication of Counts' address to the PEA put him in the forefront of the social reconstructionism movement in education.",
"The premise of Counts' assertion was attacked by conservatives and progressive educators recoiled at his criticism.",
"W. E. B.",
"Du Bois denied that teachers were capable of building a new social order.",
"He spoke to the Georgia African American teacher's convention in 1935 and downplayed the nature of the education system.",
"Counts continued to teach at Columbia.",
"William Marvin Alexander was one of the students who went on to notability in the field of education.",
"Counts retired in the mid-sixties.",
"The New York State chairman of the American Labor Party was Counts.",
"He ran for the United States Senate in 1952 as a candidate for the Liberal Party.",
"The chairman of that party was Counts.",
"He was a member of the National Committee of the American Civil Liberties Union from 1940 to 1973, and the President of the American Federation of Teachers from 1939 to 1942.",
"Counts traveled to the Soviet Union several times in the course of his life, writing several books about Soviet education and comparing Soviet and American education systems.",
"Some statements from interviews with Counts were used to portray American university faculty as Communist Party sympathizers.",
"Counts was a visiting professor at the University of Pittsburgh, Michigan State University and Southern Illinois University.",
"Modern educators continue to support Legacy Counts' theories.",
"Count's first works were The New Russian Primer and The Soviet Challenge to America.",
"His seminal work is believed to be (1932).",
"The Social Foundations of Education is one of his books.",
"He taught at the college for thirty years.",
"His last two publications were Education and the Foundations of Human Freedom and School and Society in Chicago.",
"A study in unfulfilled expectations was written by J. George Counts at Teachers College.",
"R Braun wrote about teachers and power.",
"Touchstone Publishers.",
"M. Berube wrote about teacher politics.",
"The press is from Greenwood.",
"The transformation of the American school: progressivism in American education 1876–1957 was written by L.A. Cremin.",
"New York is Vintage.",
"The Educational Theory George S. Counts was written by G. Gutek.",
"The Ohio State University Press is in Ohio.",
"Ornstein and Levine wrote Foundations of Education.",
"The company is in Boston.",
"\"Educational Scholarship and the Legacy of George S. Counts\" was written by W. Sheerin.",
"Dennis wrote about George S. Counts and Charles A.",
"Beard is an advocate for change.",
"The series is about the philosophy of education.",
"The New York Press is owned by the State University of New York.",
"Also see Harold Rugg, Theodore, and Charles A.",
"The Special Collections Research Center has links to the George S. Counts Papers."
] | <mask> (December 9, 1889 – November 10, 1974) was an American educator and influential education theorist. An early proponent of the progressive education movement of John Dewey, <mask> became its leading critic affiliated with the school of Social reconstructionism in education. <mask> is credited for influencing several subsequent theories, particularly critical pedagogy. <mask> wrote dozens of important papers and 29 books about education. He was also highly active in politics as a leading advocate of teachers' unions, the head of the American Federation of Teachers, the founder of the New York State Liberal Party, and as a candidate for the U.S. Senate. Influences
<mask> graduated from Baker University in 1911 with a Bachelor of Arts degree. He then became a high school principal, a science and math teacher, and an athletic coach before heading off to graduate school.While attending graduate school at the University of Chicago in 1913, <mask> was influenced by John Dewey and Francis W. Parker. He planned on majoring in sociology until his brother-in-law encouraged him to go into education. <mask> then decided he would major in education but minor in sociology and social science. During this time he was a student of Charles Hubbard Judd, a leading proponent of the science of education. It was uncommon during this time to combine a career in education with anything other than psychology. <mask> took great pride in knowing he was Judd's first student to not minor in psychology. <mask> earned a doctorate in education at the University of Chicago in 1916.His experience studying sociology under Albion W. Small during this period is attributed for encouraging <mask> to concentrate on the sociological dimension of educational research. Profession
Early career
<mask>' first position was head of the Department of Education at Delaware College from 1916–1918, then as a professor at Harris Teachers College in 1918. <mask> taught at the University of Washington in 1919, then Yale in 1920. Then, in 1926, he taught at the University of Chicago. In 1924 he published The Principles of Education, (1924) with J. Crosby Chapman. During this period <mask> favored Dewey's progressive education model of child-centered learning, and this book provided a broad overview of education from that perspective. In 1926 <mask> returned to the University of Chicago.The next year he began a remarkable tenure at Columbia University Teachers College. He remained here until he was forced to retire in 1955. In 1930 <mask> wrote American Road to Culture a global perspective on education. In this book he identifies ten "controlling ideas" in U.S. education. He also talks about individual success, national solidarity, and philosophic uncertainty. Regarding this book's case about American schools, H. G. Wells said, "the complete ideological sterilization of the common schools of the Republic is demonstrated beyond question. The sterilization was deliberate."Dare the School Build a New Social Order? After publishing two comparative studies of the Soviet education system, The New Russian Primer. (1931) and The Soviet Challenge to America. (1931), <mask> was invited to address to the Progressive Education Association. His papers, delivered over three separate speeches, formed the core of the book, Dare the School Build a New Social Order?, published in 1932. <mask> provides a clear examination of the cultural, social and political purposes of education, and proponents the deliberate examination and navigation of teaching for political purposes. In his address <mask> proposed that teachers "dare build a new social order" through a complex, but definitely possible, process.He explained that only through schooling could students be educated for a life in a world transformed by massive changes in science, industry, and technology. <mask> insisted that responsible educators "cannot evade the responsibility of participating actively in the task of reconstituting the democratic tradition and of thus working positively toward a new society." <mask>' address to the PEA and the subsequent publication put him in the forefront of the social reconstructionism movement in education. Conservative educators attacked the premise of <mask>' assertion, and progressive educators recoiled at his criticism of their practices. W. E. B. Du Bois issued a rebuttal to <mask>' assertions that teachers were capable of building a "new social order". In 1935 he spoke to a Georgia African American teacher's convention, curtly discounting the nature of the education system today.Later career
<mask> continued teaching at Columbia. Several of his students, including William Marvin Alexander, went on to notability in the field of education themselves. <mask> retired in 1956. From 1942 to 1944 <mask> served as New York State chairman of the American Labor Party. In 1945 he established the Liberal Party in New York, he ran as its candidate for the United States Senate in 1952. <mask> was the chairman of that party from 1955 to 1959. He was a member of the National Committee of the American Civil Liberties Union from 1940 to 1973, and was President of the American Federation of Teachers from 1939 to 1942.<mask> traveled to the Soviet Union several times in the course of his life, writing several books about Soviet education and comparing Soviet and American education systems. In the 1930s William Randolph Hearst used select statements from interviews with <mask> to portray American university faculty as Communist Party sympathizers. After retirement <mask> served as a visiting professor at the University of Pittsburgh, Michigan State University and Southern Illinois University. Legacy
<mask>' theories continue to draw support from modern educators. Bibliography
The New Russian Primer (1931) and The Soviet Challenge to America (1931) were <mask>' first works, and Dare the School Build a New Social Order? (1932) is regarded as his seminal work. His other books include The Social Foundations of Education (1934); The Prospects of American Democracy (1938); The Country of the Blind (1949), and; Education and American Civilization (1952).He taught at Columbia University Teachers College for almost thirty years. His final publications included Education and the Foundations of Human Freedom (1952) and School and Society in Chicago (1971). Bibliography of writings on <mask>
Austin, J<mask> <mask> at Teachers College, 1927-1941;: A study in unfulfilled expectations. Braun, R. (2002) Teachers and Power. Touchstone Publishers. Berube, M. (1988) Teacher Politics. Greenwood Press.Cremin, L.A. (1964) The transformation of the American school: Progressivism in American education 1876–1957. New York: Vintage. Gutek, G. (1970) The Educational Theory <mask><mask>. Ohio: Ohio State University Press. Ornstein, A, & Levine, D. (1993) Foundations of Education. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. Sheerin, W. (1976) "Educational Scholarship and the Legacy of <mask><mask>," Educational Theory 26(1), 107–112.Dennis, L. (1990) <mask><mask> and Charles A. Beard: Collaborators for Change. (SUNY Series in the Philosophy of Education). State Univ of New York Press. See also
Harold Rugg
Theodore Brameld
Charles A. Beard
Education theory
References
External links
<mask><mask> Papers, 1907-1974 at Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Special Collections Research Center
1889 births
1974 deaths
Popular education
American educational theorists
20th-century American educators
Baker University alumni
University of Chicago alumni
University of Delaware faculty
University of Washington faculty
Harris–Stowe State University faculty
Teachers College, Columbia University faculty
Development specialists
Writers about the Soviet Union
American Federation of Teachers people
Liberal Party of New York politicians
Leaders of organizations
People from Baldwin City, Kansas | [
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] | <mask> was an American education theorist. The leading critic of the school of Social reconstructionism in education was an early supporter of the progressive education movement of John Dewey. Critical pedagogy is credited with being influenced by <mask>. Many important papers and books were written by <mask>. He was a leading advocate of teachers' unions, a founder of the New York State Liberal Party, and a candidate for the U.S. Senate. Influences <mask> received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Baker University. He went to graduate school after becoming a high school principal, a science and math teacher, and an athletic coach.John Dewey and Francis W.Parker influenced <mask> while he was at graduate school. He was going to major in sociology but his brother-in-law encouraged him to go into education. He decided to major in education but minor in sociology and social science. He was a student of Charles Hubbard Judd, a leading advocate of the science of education. It was rare to combine a career in education with a career in psychology. <mask> was the first student to not minor in psychology. He received a doctorate in education from the University of Chicago in 1916.During this time, <mask> was encouraged to concentrate on the sociological aspect of educational research. The head of the Department of Education at Delaware College was the first position that Profession Early career <mask> held. In 1919, <mask> taught at the University of Washington. He taught at the University of Chicago in the late 19th century. The Principles of Education was published in 1924. Dewey's progressive education model of child-centered learning was favored by <mask> during this time. <mask> went back to the University of Chicago.He started his tenure at Columbia University Teachers College. He was forced to retire in 1955. American Road to Culture was written by <mask> in 1930. He identifies ten "controlling ideas" in U.S. education. He talks about individual success, national solidarity, and uncertainty. H. G. Wells said that the complete ideological sterilization of the common schools of the Republic is shown in the book. The procedure was done deliberately.The school should build a new social order. The New Russian Primer was a comparative study of the Soviet education system. The Soviet Challenge to America was published in 1901. The Progressive Education Association invited <mask> to speak. The core of the book was formed by his papers, which were delivered over three separate speeches. A clear examination of the cultural, social and political purposes of education is provided by <mask>. According to <mask>, teachers can build a new social order through a complex, but definitely possible, process.He said that only through school could students be educated for a life in a world that has changed greatly in science, industry, and technology. <mask> insisted that responsible educators have a responsibility to participate actively in the task of reconstituting the democratic tradition and to work positively toward a new society. The publication of <mask>' address to the PEA put him in the forefront of the social reconstructionism movement in education. The premise of <mask>' assertion was attacked by conservatives and progressive educators recoiled at his criticism. W. E. B. Du Bois denied that teachers were capable of building a new social order. He spoke to the Georgia African American teacher's convention in 1935 and downplayed the nature of the education system.<mask> continued to teach at Columbia. William Marvin Alexander was one of the students who went on to notability in the field of education. <mask> retired in the mid-sixties. The New York State chairman of the American Labor Party was <mask>. He ran for the United States Senate in 1952 as a candidate for the Liberal Party. The chairman of that party was <mask>. He was a member of the National Committee of the American Civil Liberties Union from 1940 to 1973, and the President of the American Federation of Teachers from 1939 to 1942.<mask> traveled to the Soviet Union several times in the course of his life, writing several books about Soviet education and comparing Soviet and American education systems. Some statements from interviews with <mask> were used to portray American university faculty as Communist Party sympathizers. <mask> was a visiting professor at the University of Pittsburgh, Michigan State University and Southern Illinois University. Modern educators continue to support Legacy Counts' theories. Count's first works were The New Russian Primer and The Soviet Challenge to America. His seminal work is believed to be (1932). The Social Foundations of Education is one of his books.He taught at the college for thirty years. His last two publications were Education and the Foundations of Human Freedom and School and Society in Chicago. A study in unfulfilled expectations was written by J<mask> <mask> at Teachers College. R Braun wrote about teachers and power. Touchstone Publishers. M. Berube wrote about teacher politics. The press is from Greenwood.The transformation of the American school: progressivism in American education 1876–1957 was written by L.A. Cremin. New York is Vintage. The Educational Theory George S. Counts was written by G. Gutek. The Ohio State University Press is in Ohio. Ornstein and Levine wrote Foundations of Education. The company is in Boston. "Educational Scholarship and the Legacy of George S. Counts" was written by W. Sheerin.Dennis wrote about <mask><mask> and Charles A. Beard is an advocate for change. The series is about the philosophy of education. The New York Press is owned by the State University of New York. Also see Harold Rugg, Theodore, and Charles A. The Special Collections Research Center has links to the George S. <mask> Papers. | [
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66845 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aneurin%20Bevan | Aneurin Bevan | Aneurin "Nye" Bevan PC (; 15 November 1897 – 6 July 1960) was a Welsh Labour Party politician. Born into a working-class family in South Wales, he was the son of a coal miner. He left school at 13 and worked as a miner during his teens where he became involved in local union politics. He was named head of his Miners' Lodge when aged 19, where he frequently railed against management. He joined the Labour Party and attended Central Labour College in London. On his return to South Wales he struggled to find work, remaining unemployed for nearly three years before gaining employment as a union official, which led to him becoming a leading figure in the 1926 general strike.
In 1928, Bevan won a seat on Monmouthshire County Council and was elected as the MP for Ebbw Vale the following year. In Parliament, he became a vocal critic of numerous other politicians from all parties, including Winston Churchill and David Lloyd George. His criticisms of Churchill and the Conservative government during the Second World War raised him to national prominence. After the war, Bevan was chosen as the Minister of Health in Clement Attlee's new Labour government, becoming the youngest member of the cabinet at 47, with his remit also including housing. Inspired by the Tredegar Medical Aid Society in his hometown, Bevan led the establishment of the National Health Service to provide medical care free at point-of-need to all Britons, regardless of wealth. Despite opposition from opposition parties as well as the British Medical Association, the National Health Service Act 1946 was passed, nationalising more than 2,500 hospitals within the United Kingdom.
Bevan was named Minister of Labour in 1951, but resigned after two months in office, when the Attlee government proposed the introduction of prescription charges for dental and vision care and decided to transfer funds from the National Insurance Fund to pay for rearmament. His influence waned after his departure, although a left-wing group (not under his control) within the party became known as "Bevanites". Attlee and Labour were ousted from power in a snap election held six months after Bevan's resignation, but Attlee continued on as Labour Party Leader. When Attlee retired from the leadership in 1955, Bevan unsuccessfully contested the party leadership with Hugh Gaitskell, but was appointed Shadow Colonial Secretary and later Shadow Foreign Secretary. In 1959, he was elected Deputy Leader of the Labour Party and held the post for a year until his death from stomach cancer at the age of 62.
Bevan's death in 1960 led to "an outpouring of national mourning". In 2004, more than 44 years after his death, he was voted first in a list of 100 Welsh Heroes, having been credited for his contribution to the founding of the welfare state in the UK.
Early life
Aneurin Bevan was born on 15 November 1897 at 32 Charles Street in Tredegar, Monmouthshire, a working-class mining town, where an estimated 90 per cent of the town's inhabitants relied on the local mines for employment. The town was situated in the South Wales Valleys and was on the northern edge of the South Wales coalfield. He was the son of coal miner David Bevan and Phoebe ( Prothero), a seamstress. David Bevan was born in Tredegar but his family had originally hailed from Carmarthenshire, and he followed his own father into the mines, starting work at 5:30am each day and returning home late in the evening. He was adept at construction and added several modern features when the family moved to 7 Charles Street, installing the first gas stove in the street, an inside toilet and running hot water.
Both Bevan's parents were Nonconformists: his father was a Baptist and his mother a Methodist, although he became an atheist. Bevan had been a supporter of the Liberal Party in his youth, but was converted to socialism by the writings of Robert Blatchford in The Clarion and joined the Independent Labour Party. It was around this time that he first "reject[ed] his chapel upbringing" and became an atheist. He was a member of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion and wrote his own poems, one of which won an inter-chapel eisteddfod. Aneurin's mother was also from Tredegar, but had English roots: her grandfather was from Hereford. Bevan's maternal grandfather John was a blacksmith who had moved to Tredegar from Hay-on-Wye to work in the Bedwellty mines.
The couple had ten children altogether—six boys and four girls—although four died in infancy and one died at the age of eight. Aneurin Bevan attended Sirhowy Elementary School, where he achieved little. He developed a severe stammer as a child and, according to his younger sister Myfanwy, became "a lonely chap", due to the need to shy away from the attention it brought him.
Working life as a miner
At the age of 13, in his last months of schooling, he worked as a butcher's boy at a local store. He worked at the butcher's for several months before leaving school, instead working in the local Ty-Trist Colliery. There he earned around ten shillings per week with most going to his parents to help support the family. He began attending fortnightly meetings of the local Plebs' League where he studied, among other things, Marxism. Bevan also joined the Tredegar branch of the South Wales Miners' Federation and became a trade union activist: he was head of his local Miners' Lodge at 19 years of age. He was called up for service during the First World War, and was briefly arrested when his sister Blodwen burnt his conscription papers and he failed to report for duty. Bevan appeared in court but was cleared when he produced confirmation that he suffered from nystagmus.
Bevan became a well-known local orator and was seen by his employers, the Tredegar Iron Company, as a troublemaker. The manager of the colliery found an excuse to get him dismissed. With the support of the Miners' Federation, the case was judged as one of victimisation and the company was forced to re-employ him. He and his brother Billy did eventually leave Ty-Tryst and worked at the Bedwellty pit, but were forced to move again after a disagreement with the site's deputy manager over Bevan reporting information to the miner's inspector. The pair went to work at Whitworth Colliery, but fell foul of management when Bevan refused to use cheaper second-hand timber as he deemed it unsafe. He was later fired for refusing to unload, and successfully challenged the motion but was moved to Pochin, generally considered a punishment due to the poor site conditions.
1919 saw the foundation of the Tredegar Labour Party and Bevan was selected as one of four Labour delegates to contest the West Ward in the Tredegar Urban District election. Although he was defeated, he gained attention from his peers and he won a scholarship to the Central Labour College in London, sponsored by the South Wales Miners' Federation. There, he spent two years studying economics, politics and history. He read Marxism at the college and was a brief follower of Noah Ablett, developing his left-wing political outlook. Reciting long passages by William Morris with the help of an elocution tutor, Bevan gradually began to overcome the stammer that he had since childhood. Bevan remained at the College until 1921, attending at a time when a number of his contemporaries from South Wales, including Jim Griffiths, were also students at the College. Some historians have questioned how influential the College was on his political development. He was not, apparently, one of the most diligent students, and found it difficult to follow an organised routine, including arising early for breakfast.
Bevan was one of the founding members of the "Query Club" with his brother Billy and Walter Conway. Conway was a local miner who had been elected to the Bedwellty Board of Guardians and offered Bevan advice on overcoming his stammer, stating "if you can't say it, you don't know it". Bevan followed his advice, often practising his speeches to his friends to perfect his speech and wording, and remarked that Conway's words were the "best advice I ever had". The Query club started in 1920 or 1921 and they met in Tredegar. They would collect money weekly for any member who needed it. The club intended to break the hold that the Tredegar Iron and Coal Company had on the town by becoming members of pivotal groups in the community.
Upon returning home in 1921, he found that the Tredegar Iron and Coal Company refused to re-employ him. Bevan ended up in a fist fight with a group of miners who refused to strike over his rejection. Apart from a six-week period as a labourer for Tredegar Council, he did not find work until 1924 and his employer, the Bedwellty Colliery, closed down ten months later. Bevan then endured another year of unemployment, the family surviving on his sister's wages, when his unemployment benefit was stopped due to her income, and his father's sick pay. In February 1925, his father died of pneumoconiosis, an illness caused by the inhalation of coal dust. In 1926 he found work as a paid union official. His wage of £5 a week was paid by the members of the local Miners' Lodge. His new job arrived in time for him to head the local miners against the colliery companies during the General Strike. When the strike started on 3 May 1926, Bevan soon emerged as one of the leaders of the South Wales miners. The miners remained on strike for six months. Bevan was largely responsible for the distribution of strike pay in Tredegar and the formation of the Council of Action, an organisation that helped to raise money and provide food for the miners.
Parliament
MP for Ebbw Vale
In 1928, Bevan won a seat on Monmouthshire County Council in the Tredegar Central Division. He lost the seat in 1931, but regained it in 1932 before deciding against seeking re-election in 1934. With his success in 1928, he was picked as the Labour Party candidate for Ebbw Vale (displacing the sitting MP Evan Davies), and easily held the seat at the 1929 General Election. Bevan gained more than twice the votes of Liberal candidate William Griffiths, receiving 20,000 votes to Griffiths' 8,000. In keeping with his background, Bevan described his initial thoughts on the House of Commons as a shrine to "the most conservative of all religions – ancestor worship". In Parliament, he became noticed as a harsh critic of those he felt opposed the working man and woman. His targets included the Conservative Winston Churchill and the Liberal David Lloyd George, as well as Ramsay MacDonald and Margaret Bondfield from his own Labour party (he targeted the latter for her unwillingness to increase unemployment benefits). He had solid support from his constituency, being one of the few Labour MPs to be unopposed in the 1931 General Election, and this support grew through the 1930s and the period of the Great Depression.
Soon after Bevan entered Parliament, he was briefly attracted to Smethwick Labour MP Oswald Mosley's arguments, becoming one of the 17 signatories of the Mosley Memorandum in the context of the MacDonald government's repeated economic crises, including the doubling of unemployment levels. In January 1931, Bevan wrote a letter to the government on behalf of the Mosley group, raising concerns over its "failure to deal with unemployment". Mosley broke from the Labour Party in early 1931 to form the New Party, but Bevan refused to defect and instead announced that he had no intention of leaving the Labour Party. By 1932, Mosley's New Party had migrated from the left over to the far-right of British politics and was rebranded as the British Union of Fascists. Bevan's past association with Mosley would be used against him in subsequent years by his political rivals.
He married fellow Socialist MP Jennie Lee in 1934, after they met in London. Described as "more left-wing than Nye", Lee became a considerable influence on Bevan's political career. They were early supporters of the socialists in the Spanish Civil War, and Bevan visited the country in 1938. In 1936 he joined the board of the new socialist newspaper Tribune. His agitations for a united socialist front of all parties of the left (including the Communist Party of Great Britain) led to his brief expulsion from the Labour Party from March to November 1939 (along with Stafford Cripps, C. P. Trevelyan and three others). Bevan and Cripps had previously been threatened with disciplinary action by the party for sharing a stage with a Communist speaker, and all party members were threatened with expulsion if they were associated with the Popular Front. Bevan and another expelled MP, George Strauss, appealed against the decision. Bevan was readmitted to the party on 20 December 1939, after agreeing "to refrain from conducting or taking part in campaigns in opposition to the declared policy of the Party".
He strongly criticised the British government's rearmament plans in the face of the rise of Hitler's Germany, saying to the Labour conference in autumn 1937:
If the immediate international situation is used as an excuse to get us to drop our opposition to the rearmament programme of the Government, the next phase must be that we must desist from any industrial or political action that may disturb national unity in the face of Fascist aggression. Along that road is endless retreat, and at the end of it a voluntary totalitarian State with ourselves erecting the barbed wire around. You cannot collaborate, you cannot accept the logic of collaboration on a first class issue like rearmament, and at the same time evade the implications of collaboration all along the line when the occasion demands it.
His opposition to the Labour leadership's approach was partly based on his view that the leadership of the Labour Party was not demanding assurances from the Government on its foreign policy as a price for the party's support for re-armament as expressed in his speech to the Bournemouth Conference of that year: ...we should say to the country we are prepared to make whatever sacrifices are necessary, to give whatever arms are necessary to fight Fascist powers and in order to consolidate world peace...
The Labour conference voted to drop its opposition to rearmament. When Winston Churchill said that the Labour Party should refrain from giving Hitler the impression that Britain was divided, Bevan rejected this as sinister: The fear of Hitler is to be used to frighten the workers of Britain into silence. In short Hitler is to rule Britain by proxy. If we accept the contention that the common enemy is Hitler and not the British capitalist class, then certainly Churchill is right. But it means abandonment of the class struggle and the subservience of the British workers to their own employers.
Opposition to the war-time government
By March 1938, Bevan was writing in Tribune that Churchill's warnings about German intentions for Czechoslovakia were "a diapason of majestic harmony" compared to Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain's "thin, listless trickle". Bevan now called unsuccessfully for a Popular Front against fascism under the leadership of the Labour Party, including even anti-fascist Tories. When the government introduced voluntary national service in December 1938, Bevan argued that Labour should demand the nationalisation of the armaments industry, support the democratic government of Spain and sign an Anglo-Soviet pact in return for its support. When Labour supported the government's scheme with no such conditions, Bevan denounced Labour for imploring the people on recruiting platforms to put themselves under the leadership of their opponents. The Military Training Act 1939 reintroduced conscription six months later, and Bevan joined the rest of the Labour Party in opposing it, calling it "the complete abandonment of any hope of a successful struggle against the weight of wealth in Great Britain". He emphasised that the government had no arguments to persuade young men to fight "except merely in another squalid attempt to defend themselves against the redistribution of international swag".
In August 1939 came the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, a non-aggression pact between the Nazi and Russian governments that shocked democratic governments around the world. In Parliament, Bevan argued that this was the logical outcome of the government's foreign policy. He wanted the war to be not just a fight against fascism but a war for socialism. Bevan was relieved that the country had united against Nazi Germany in the fight against fascism to provide a common enemy away from the working class. He was a strong critic of Chamberlain, arguing that his old rival Winston Churchill should become prime minister.
During the Second World War he was one of the main leaders of the left in the Commons, opposing the wartime Coalition government. Bevan opposed the heavy censorship imposed on radio and newspapers and wartime Defence Regulation 18B, which gave the Home Secretary the powers to intern citizens. Bevan called for the nationalisation of the coal industry and advocated the opening of a Second Front in Western Europe to help the Soviet Union in its fight with Germany. In one of his most noted speeches made against Churchill, he railed that the prime minister "wins debate after debate and loses battle after battle". Churchill would later label Bevan "a squalid nuisance". Churchill was a frequent target of Bevan's, who already held a dislike of him following his intervention in the Tonypandy riots and the 1926 United Kingdom general strike which Bevan considered heavy handed. Bevan believed that the key to the war was the involvement of Russia and considered Churchill was too focused on the intervention of the United States. Bevan also feared that allowing Churchill to continue unopposed and unchallenged in Parliament during the war would leave him almost unbeatable for the Labour Party in future elections. Historian Max Hastings described Bevan's role in Parliament during the war as "his figures were accurate but his scorn was at odds with the spirit of the moment—full of gratitude, as was the prime minister". His fierce opposition made him unpopular with some portions of the public at the time, his wife later described how the couple would frequently receive parcels filled with excrement at their home.
Bevan was critical of the leadership of the British Army, which he felt was class bound and inflexible. After General Neil Ritchie's retreat across Cyrenaica early in 1942 and his disastrous defeat by General Erwin Rommel at Gazala, Bevan made one of his most memorable speeches in the Commons in support of a motion of censure against the Churchill government.
"The Prime Minister must realise that in this country there is a taunt on everyone's lips that if Rommel had been in the British Army he would still have been a sergeant ... There is a man in the British Army who flung 150,000 men across the Ebro in Spain, Michael Dunbar. He is at present a sergeant ... He was Chief of Staff in Spain, he won the Battle of the Ebro, and he is a sergeant." Dunbar had been recommended for a commission, but rejected it himself to remain with his unit.
Bevan was subject to further disciplinary action in 1944, when he deliberately voted against Labour's stance on new defence regulations. He also voiced criticism of trade union leaders, which drew complaints from both the Miners' Federation and the Trades Union Congress. An administrative committee voted 71 to 60 in favour of retaining Bevan as an MP, although it was announced that party discipline was to be strengthened in future.
He believed that the Second World War would give Britain the opportunity to create "a new society". He often quoted an 1855 passage from Karl Marx that was published in The New York Times in 1865: "The redeeming feature of war is that it puts a nation to the test. As exposure to the atmosphere reduces all mummies to instant dissolution, so war passes supreme judgment upon social systems that have outlived their vitality." At the beginning of the 1945 general election campaign, Bevan told his audience that his goal was to eliminate any opposition to the Labour programme: "We have been the dreamers, we have been the sufferers, now we are the builders. We enter this campaign at this general election, not merely to get rid of the Tory majority. We want the complete political extinction of the Tory Party, and twenty-five years of Labour Government."
Government
The 1945 general election resulted in a landslide victory for the Labour Party, giving it a large enough majority to allow the implementation of the party's manifesto commitments and to introduce a programme of far-reaching social reforms, that were collectively dubbed the "Welfare State". These reforms were achieved in the face of great financial difficulty following the war. The new Prime Minister, Clement Attlee, appointed Bevan as Minister of Health, with a remit that also covered housing. Thus, the responsibility for instituting a new and comprehensive National Health Service, as well as tackling the country's severe post-war housing shortage, was given to Bevan, the youngest member of Attlee's Cabinet in his first ministerial position at the age of 47. Although described in The Times as "an outstanding back-bench critic" and "one of (Labour's) most brilliant members in debate", his appointment was regarded as a relative surprise, given his previous disciplinary issues. Bevan had clashed frequently with Attlee during his time as an MP, believing that the Labour leader failed to apply enough pressure on the Tory government during the war. He had also seen disputes with some of Attlee's closest allies, Ernest Bevin and Herbert Morrison, who were appointed Foreign Secretary and Leader of the House respectively. However, Attlee commented that Bevan was "starting with me with a clean sheet" following his appointment. Bevan tested this newfound solidarity early on by arriving to a royal banquet at St James's Palace wearing a navy lounge suit. He earnt a rebuke from Attlee, but Bevan contended that his Welsh mining constituency did not send him to Parliament to "dress up", and he declined to wear formal attire at further Buckingham Palace functions.
Minister of Health (1945–1951)
The free National Health Service was paid for directly through public money. Bevan had been inspired by the Tredegar Medical Aid Society in his hometown, where residents would pay a subscription that would fund access for all of the town's inhabitants to have free access to medical services such as nursing or dental care. This system proved so popular that 20,000 people supported the organisation during the 1930s. In 1947, Bevan stated "All I am doing is extending to the entire population of Britain the benefits we had in Tredegar for a generation or more. We are going to Tredegar-ise you." Government income was increased for the welfare state expenditure by a large increase in marginal tax rates for wealthy business owners in particular, as part of what the Labour government largely saw as the redistribution of the wealth created by the working-class from the owners of large-scale industry to the workers. Having been a member of the Cottage Hospital Management Committee around 1928 and serving as chairman in 1929–30, Bevan had received an insight into the management of health services by local authorities, which proved to be a bedrock of his work in founding the National Health Service.
On the 'appointed day', 5 July 1948, Bevan's National Health Service Act 1946 came into force. On the day, Bevan attended a ceremony at the Park Hospital, Trafford (now Trafford General), at which he symbolically received the keys to the hospital. The scheme was achieved having overcome political opposition from both the Conservative Party and from within his own party. Confrontation with the British Medical Association (BMA) was led by Charles Hill, who published a letter in the British Medical Journal describing Bevan as "a complete and uncontrolled dictator". Members of the BMA had dubbed him the "Tito of Tonypandy". They threatened to derail the National Health Service scheme before it had even begun, as medical practitioners continued to withhold their support just months before the launch of the service. After eighteen months of ongoing dispute between the Ministry of Health and the BMA, Bevan finally managed to win over the support of the vast majority of the medical profession by offering a couple of minor concessions, including allowing consultants to keep their own private practices, but without compromising the fundamental principles of his National Health Service proposals. At a dinner in late 1955 or early 1956 to celebrate the publication of the Guillebaud Report into NHS costs Bevan remarked to Julian Tudor Hart "ultimately I had to stuff their mouths with gold" about his handling of the consultants. This is often quoted as "I stuffed their mouths with gold". Some 2,688 voluntary and municipal hospitals in England and Wales were nationalised and came under Bevan's supervisory control as Health Minister. Two of the key elements of Bevan's proposals were this nationalisation of the hospital services and the abolition of the sale and purchase of goodwill by general practitioners. The former aimed to provide a uniform standard of consultant led care and expertise throughout the country and to replace the patchwork of voluntary and municipal hospitals which existed at that point. The latter – sale and purchase of goodwill – often placed new entrants to the GP profession under large amounts of debt. Along with this, the Medical Practices Committee was to oversee the distribution of GP practices – a proposal which the previous Coalition Minister had withdrawn after opposition from the British Medical Association.
Bevan said:
Conservative opposition of the National Health Service scheme feared that the sudden access to free health care would be overrun. In its early stages this proved true, as the service went vastly over budget in its inaugural year, and Attlee was forced to make a radio address to the nation in an attempt to limit the strain on the system. Bevan countered that the initial overspending was down to years of underinvestment in the British medical system prior to the Second World War: by the start of the 1950s, the early overspending had come to an end.
Housing reform
When Bevan was made a minister in 1945, he envisaged the social housing sector as a housing service similar to the National Health Service, ensuring that everyone had access to decent and affordable homes, with people still having the option to live in owner occupation or the private sector if they so chose (with grants made available to owner-occupiers and private landlords to bring dwellings up to decent standards). The removal of the criteria of "working class" from local authority housing provision was seen as a first step, widening access to the council housing that was becoming an ever larger part of the UK housing stock and which made up a majority of new homes built after the war. The aim was to create new homes and communities with a place for all sections of society :
Substantial bombing damage, with over 700,000 homes needing repair in London alone, and the continued existence of pre-war slums in many parts of the country made the task of housing reform particularly challenging for Bevan. Indeed, these factors, exacerbated by post-war restrictions on the availability of building materials and skilled labour, collectively served to limit Bevan's achievements in this area. Bevan was also limited due to his desire for new homes to be bigger and of better quality than the ones they were being built to replace, based on the recommendations of a 1943 report by the Dudley Committee, and a shortage of skilled workers to undertake the work. 1946 saw the completion of 55,600 new homes; this rose to 139,600 in 1947 and 227,600 in 1948. While this was not an insignificant achievement: the 850,000 homes built in the four years immediately after the war ended was the biggest housing programme ever introduced, Bevan's rate of house-building was seen as less of an achievement than that of his Conservative (indirect) successor, Harold Macmillan, who was able to complete some 300,000 new homes a year as Minister for Housing in the 1950s. These numbers were reached by lowering the quality standards originally put forward by Bevan, with council houses featuring gardens being largely dropped in favour of tower blocks and flats. Macmillan was also able to concentrate full-time on the housing crisis, instead of being obliged, like Bevan, to combine his housing portfolio with that for Health (which for Bevan took the higher priority: he once stated tongue-in-cheek that he devoted "five minutes a week to housing").
At a party rally in 1948, during a speech, Bevan stated: "That is why no amount of cajolery, and no attempts at ethical or social seduction, can eradicate from my heart a deep burning hatred for the Tory Party that inflicted those bitter experiences on me. So far as I am concerned they are lower than vermin. They condemned millions of first-class people to semi-starvation." The comment inspired the creation of the Vermin Club by angry Conservatives, who attacked Bevan for years for the metaphor. Labour Party deputy leader Herbert Morrison complained that Bevan's attack had backfired, for his words "did much more to make the Tories work and vote ... than Conservative Central Office could have done". It was later claimed that his words had cost Labour more than two million votes.
In 1951, with the retirement of Ernest Bevin, Bevan was a leading candidate for Foreign Secretary. Prime Minister Attlee rejected Bevan in favour of Herbert Morrison because he distrusted Bevan's personality. In his biography of Bevan, John Campbell wrote, "Bevan's impetuous temperament, undiplomatic tone and reputation as an extreme left-winger combined to make the Foreign Office seem the last place a prudent Prime Minister would think of putting him at any time. His "vermin" speech still resonated: imagination shuddered at a repetition of that on the international stage."
Minister of Labour and National Service (1951)
Bevan was instead appointed Minister of Labour in January 1951 in place of George Isaacs. The move was seen by some as a sideways or backwards step, although a potential rearmament program was expected to make the post of future importance. During his tenure, he helped to secure a deal for railwaymen which provided them with a significant pay increase. However, three months after his appointment, Hugh Gaitskell introduced a proposal of prescription charges for dental care and spectacles—created to save a potential £25m to meet the financial demands imposed by the Korean War. An infuriated Bevan stated that he would never be a member of a government that imposed charges on the National Health Service. The Labour MP David Marquand has stated that the savings were introduced by Gaitskell simply to "impose his will" upon Bevan who he saw as a political rival. Bevan resigned from his position two weeks later, stating both the proposed changes and the increase in military expenditure that necessitated the need for such proposals. Two other ministers, John Freeman and Harold Wilson, resigned at the same time. Bevan received unanimous support for his actions from his local Labour constituency leaders.
Later the same year, the Labour Party were defeated at the general election. After Bevan left the Health ministry in 1951 he could never regain his level of success and feuded with fellow Labour leaders, using his strong political base as a weapon. Historian Kenneth O. Morgan says, "Bevan alone kept the flag of left-wing socialism aloft throughout—which gave him a matchless authority amongst the constituency parties and in party conference".
Opposition
Bevan's last decade saw his political position weaken year by year as he failed to find a winning issue that would make use of his skills. In 1952 Bevan published In Place of Fear, "the most widely read socialist book" of the period, according to a highly critical right-wing Labour MP Anthony Crosland. According to The Times Literary Supplement, the book was a "dithyramb with meanderings into the many side-tracks of Mr Bevan's private and public experience". In the opening page of the book, Bevan begins: "A young miner in a South Wales colliery, my concern was with the one practical question: Where does power lie in this particular state of Great Britain, and how can it be attained by the workers?"
In March 1952, a poorly prepared Bevan came off the worse in an evening Commons debate on health with Conservative backbencher Iain Macleod, whose performance led Churchill to appoint him as Minister of Health some six weeks after the debate.
Out of office, Bevan soon exacerbated the split within the Labour Party between the right and the left. For the next five years, he was the leader of the left wing of the Labour Party, who became known as Bevanites. They criticised high defence expenditure (especially for nuclear weapons), called for better relations with the Soviet Union, and opposed the party leader, Clement Attlee, on most issues. According to Richard Crossman, Bevan hated "the in-fighting which you have to do in politics.... He wasn't cut out to be a leader, he was cut out to be a prophet". In April 1954, Bevan resigned from the Labour parliamentary committee, having been rebuked by Attlee after accusing the Labour leader of surrendering to American pressure over a proposed multi-national defence organisation in Asia and the Pacific. He later said that he had resigned his position to "call attention to the fact that their movement was in grave crisis", and stated his belief that he would be have been party chairman by the following year if he had remained. In July of the same year, Bevan announced his intention to stand for election as the Treasurer of the Labour Party against Hugh Gaitskell. His nomination received a severe blow on the same day it was announced, when two unions that traditionally sided with the left, the National Union of Mineworkers and the Amalgamated Engineering Union, pledged their support for his opponent. Although unsuccessful in his bid, he did celebrate 25 years as the MP for Ebbw Vale.
In March 1955, when Britain was preparing for Operation Grapple, the testing of its first hydrogen bomb, Bevan led a revolt of 57 Labour MPs and abstained on a key vote. The Parliamentary Labour Party voted 141 to 113 to withdraw the whip from him, but it was restored within a month, due to his popularity. After the 1955 general election, Attlee retired as Labour leader. Bevan contested the leadership against both Morrison and Labour right-winger Gaitskell, but it was Gaitskell who emerged victorious with more than half of the ballots. Bevan's remark that "I know the right kind of political Leader for the Labour Party is a kind of desiccated calculating machine" was assumed to refer to Gaitskell, although Bevan denied it (commenting upon Gaitskell's record as Chancellor of the Exchequer as having "proved" this). Bevan also failed in a bid to become deputy leader, losing out to Jim Griffiths. He instead stood again for the role of party treasurer and was duly elected, beating George Brown.
Despite Bevan's criticism of the new party leader, Gaitskell decided to appoint him as Shadow Colonial Secretary, and then Shadow Foreign Secretary in 1956. Bevan was as critical of the Egyptian President Colonel Nasser's seizure of the Suez Canal on 26 July 1956 as he was of the subsequent Anglo-French military response. He compared Nasser with Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves, from One Thousand and One Nights. He was a vocal critic of the Conservative government's actions in the Suez Crisis, noticeably delivering high-profile speeches at a protest rally in Trafalgar Square on 4 November 1956, and criticising the government's actions and arguments in the Commons on 5 December 1956. Bevan accused the government of a "policy of bankruptcy and despair", stating at the Trafalgar rally: We are stronger than Egypt but there are other countries stronger than us. Are we prepared to accept for ourselves the logic we are applying to Egypt? If nations more powerful than ourselves accept the absence of principle, the anarchistic attitude of Eden and launch bombs on London, what answer have we got, what complaint have we got? If we are going to appeal to force, if force is to be the arbiter to which we appeal, it would at least make common sense to try to make sure beforehand that we have got it, even if you accept that abysmal logic, that decadent point of view.We are in fact in the position today of having appealed to force in the case of a small nation, where if it is appealed to against us it will result in the destruction of Great Britain, not only as a nation, but as an island containing living men and women. Therefore I say to Anthony, I say to the British government, there is no count at all upon which they can be defended.They have besmirched the name of Britain. They have made us ashamed of the things of which formerly we were proud. They have offended against every principle of decency and there is only one way in which they can even begin to restore their tarnished reputation and that is to get out! Get out! Get out!
Bevan dismayed many of his supporters when he suddenly reversed his opposition to nuclear weapons. Speaking at the 1957 Labour Party conference, he decried unilateral nuclear disarmament, saying "It would send a British Foreign Secretary naked into the conference-chamber". This statement is often misconstrued: Bevan argued that unilateralism would result in Britain's loss of allies, and one interpretation of his metaphor is that nakedness would come from the lack of allies, not the lack of weapons. According to the journalist Paul Routledge, Donald Bruce, a former MP and Parliamentary Private Secretary and adviser to Bevan, had told him that Bevan's shift on the disarmament issue was the result of discussions with the Soviet government, where they advised him to push for British retention of nuclear weapons so they could possibly be used as a bargaining chip in negotiations with the United States.
In 1957, Bevan, Richard Crossman and the Labour Party's General Secretary Morgan Phillips sued The Spectator magazine for libel, after one of its writers described them as drinking heavily during an Italian Socialist Party conference. The article wrote that the three men:
...puzzled the Italians by their capacity to fill themselves like tanks with whisky and coffee... Although the Italians were never sure the British delegation were sober, they always attributed to them an immense political acumen.
The three won their case, and obtained financial damages of £2,500 each. Crossman later acknowledged that they had perjured themselves to do so.
Bevan was elected unopposed as Deputy Leader of the Labour Party in 1959, succeeding Griffiths. His last speech in the House of Commons, in the debate of 3 November 1959 on the Queen's Speech, referred to the difficulties of persuading the electorate to support a policy which would make them less well-off in the short term, but more prosperous in the long term.
Death
Bevan had said "I would rather be kept alive in the efficient if cold altruism of a large hospital than expire in a gush of warm sympathy in a small one". He checked into the Royal Free Hospital in London on 27 December 1959 to undergo surgery for an ulcer, but malignant stomach cancer was discovered instead in a major operation two days later.
After a lengthy period in hospital, on 14 February 1960 Bevan returned home and announced he would not be returning to politics in the near future, so as to be able to recuperate and plan an extended holiday. In May 1960 Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime Minister of India, while in England visited Bevan at his home in Asheridge Farm (where Bevan was a keen amateur farmer, keeping cattle and pigs).
Bevan died in his sleep at 4.10pm on 6 July 1960, at the age of 62, at his home, Asheridge Farm, Chesham, Buckinghamshire. His remains were cremated at Gwent Crematorium in Croesyceiliog in a private family ceremony. An open-air service was held in his constituency of Ebbw Vale and was presided over by Donald Soper. Jennie Lee explained in a letter to Michael Foot that Bevan had specifically chosen to have a non-religious funeral and not a Christian service, because he was a firm humanist.
In his 2014 biography, Nick Thomas-Symonds described "an outpouring of national mourning" that followed Bevan's death. The Daily Herald stated that some MPs were seen to be crying in Parliament and described how there was "sorrow at every street corner" in the South Wales Valleys. Harold Macmillan ended his Prime Minister's Questions session in Parliament two days after Bevan's death by paying tribute to the opposition MP, describing him as "a great personality and a great national figure". Macmillan noted that despite being a "controversial figure" during his career, Bevan's death had seen an outpouring of genuine "admiration and affection". Labour leader Hugh Gaitskell also paid tribute to his former shadow cabinet member and ended his speech by labelling Bevan as "one of the great men of our day".
Legacy
Bevan's most significant legacy is the National Health Service. Bevan foresaw that it would always be the subject of public debate, warning that "This service must always be changing, growing and improving; it must always appear to be inadequate." But seven decades after it was founded, a 2013 opinion poll conducted on behalf of British Future found that the NHS was more popular than at its creation, and more popular than the monarchy, the BBC and the military.
Bevan was particularly noted for his public speaking, being described by Robin Butler, Baron Butler of Brockwell, as "the greatest parliamentary speaker since Charles James Fox". Winston Churchill, the target of numerous diatribes from Bevan during his career, commented that Bevan was "one of the few members that I will sit still and listen to". Bevan's reputation as a hard-line socialist typically preceded him: Sir William Douglas, who served as Bevan's deputy in the Ministry of Health, had initially stated that he would "never work with a man like that". However, by the end of his tenure, he had declared Bevan as "the best minister we have had". Clement Attlee expressed his support that Bevan should have been the leader of the Labour Party during his lifetime but was held back by his demeanour, stating "he wants to be two things simultaneously, rebel and official leader, and you can't be both".
In 2015, Welsh actor Michael Sheen gave a speech in which he described Bevan as a mythical creature, stating, "He had cast-iron integrity and a raging passion".
The Aneurin Bevan Memorial Stones were erected at the beginning of the Sirhowy Valley Walk with three smaller stones (representing three towns of his constituency Ebbw Vale, Rhymney and Tredegar) surrounding a larger stone representing Bevan. In 2002, Bevan was voted as the 45th greatest Briton of all time by the BBC public opinion poll, 100 Greatest Britons. The following year, Bevan was voted number one in the 100 Welsh Heroes poll, a response to find the public's favourite Welsh people of all time. Numerous institutions bear Bevan's name, including the Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, and Ysbyty Aneurin Bevan, a hospital located within his old Ebbw Vale constituency.
Bibliography
Why Not Trust The Tories?, 1944. Published under the pseudonym 'Celticus'. The title was intended ironically.
In Place of Fear, 1952. ()
Excerpts from Bevan's speeches are included in Greg Rosen's book Old Labour to New : the dreams that inspired, the battles that divided (published by Methuen in 2005 ()).
Bevan's key speeches in the legislative arena are to be found in:
Peter J. Laugharne (ed.), Aneurin Bevan – A Parliamentary Odyssey: Volume I, Speeches at Westminster 1929–1944, Manutius Press, 1996.
Peter J. Laugharne (ed.), Aneurin Bevan – A Parliamentary Odyssey: Volume II, Speeches at Westminster 1945–1960, Manutius Press, 2000.
Peter J. Laugharne (ed.), Aneurin Bevan – A Parliamentary Odyssey: Volumes I and II, Speeches at Westminster 1929–1960, Manutius Press, 2004.
See also
Bevanism
Political history of the United Kingdom (1945–present)
Attlee ministry
Notes
References
Further reading
Fairlie, Henry. "Oratory in Political Life," History Today (Jan 1960) 10#1 pp 3–13. covers Bevan
External links
(large file)
Aneurin Bevan and the foundation of the NHS: Socialist Health Association website
"Great speeches: Aneurin Bevan", The Guardian, featuring full audio of Bevan's speech at the 4 November 1956 Trafalgar Square rally against British action in Suez.
(unindexed)
Aneurin Bevan at British Pathe
Images of Bevan at the National Portrait Gallery
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Welsh socialists | [
"Aneurin \"Nye\" Bevan PC (; 15 November 1897 – 6 July 1960) was a Welsh Labour Party politician.",
"Born into a working-class family in South Wales, he was the son of a coal miner.",
"He left school at 13 and worked as a miner during his teens where he became involved in local union politics.",
"He was named head of his Miners' Lodge when aged 19, where he frequently railed against management.",
"He joined the Labour Party and attended Central Labour College in London.",
"On his return to South Wales he struggled to find work, remaining unemployed for nearly three years before gaining employment as a union official, which led to him becoming a leading figure in the 1926 general strike.",
"In 1928, Bevan won a seat on Monmouthshire County Council and was elected as the MP for Ebbw Vale the following year.",
"In Parliament, he became a vocal critic of numerous other politicians from all parties, including Winston Churchill and David Lloyd George.",
"His criticisms of Churchill and the Conservative government during the Second World War raised him to national prominence.",
"After the war, Bevan was chosen as the Minister of Health in Clement Attlee's new Labour government, becoming the youngest member of the cabinet at 47, with his remit also including housing.",
"Inspired by the Tredegar Medical Aid Society in his hometown, Bevan led the establishment of the National Health Service to provide medical care free at point-of-need to all Britons, regardless of wealth.",
"Despite opposition from opposition parties as well as the British Medical Association, the National Health Service Act 1946 was passed, nationalising more than 2,500 hospitals within the United Kingdom.",
"Bevan was named Minister of Labour in 1951, but resigned after two months in office, when the Attlee government proposed the introduction of prescription charges for dental and vision care and decided to transfer funds from the National Insurance Fund to pay for rearmament.",
"His influence waned after his departure, although a left-wing group (not under his control) within the party became known as \"Bevanites\".",
"Attlee and Labour were ousted from power in a snap election held six months after Bevan's resignation, but Attlee continued on as Labour Party Leader.",
"When Attlee retired from the leadership in 1955, Bevan unsuccessfully contested the party leadership with Hugh Gaitskell, but was appointed Shadow Colonial Secretary and later Shadow Foreign Secretary.",
"In 1959, he was elected Deputy Leader of the Labour Party and held the post for a year until his death from stomach cancer at the age of 62.",
"Bevan's death in 1960 led to \"an outpouring of national mourning\".",
"In 2004, more than 44 years after his death, he was voted first in a list of 100 Welsh Heroes, having been credited for his contribution to the founding of the welfare state in the UK.",
"Early life\nAneurin Bevan was born on 15 November 1897 at 32 Charles Street in Tredegar, Monmouthshire, a working-class mining town, where an estimated 90 per cent of the town's inhabitants relied on the local mines for employment.",
"The town was situated in the South Wales Valleys and was on the northern edge of the South Wales coalfield.",
"He was the son of coal miner David Bevan and Phoebe ( Prothero), a seamstress.",
"David Bevan was born in Tredegar but his family had originally hailed from Carmarthenshire, and he followed his own father into the mines, starting work at 5:30am each day and returning home late in the evening.",
"He was adept at construction and added several modern features when the family moved to 7 Charles Street, installing the first gas stove in the street, an inside toilet and running hot water.",
"Both Bevan's parents were Nonconformists: his father was a Baptist and his mother a Methodist, although he became an atheist.",
"Bevan had been a supporter of the Liberal Party in his youth, but was converted to socialism by the writings of Robert Blatchford in The Clarion and joined the Independent Labour Party.",
"It was around this time that he first \"reject[ed] his chapel upbringing\" and became an atheist.",
"He was a member of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion and wrote his own poems, one of which won an inter-chapel eisteddfod.",
"Aneurin's mother was also from Tredegar, but had English roots: her grandfather was from Hereford.",
"Bevan's maternal grandfather John was a blacksmith who had moved to Tredegar from Hay-on-Wye to work in the Bedwellty mines.",
"The couple had ten children altogether—six boys and four girls—although four died in infancy and one died at the age of eight.",
"Aneurin Bevan attended Sirhowy Elementary School, where he achieved little.",
"He developed a severe stammer as a child and, according to his younger sister Myfanwy, became \"a lonely chap\", due to the need to shy away from the attention it brought him.",
"Working life as a miner\nAt the age of 13, in his last months of schooling, he worked as a butcher's boy at a local store.",
"He worked at the butcher's for several months before leaving school, instead working in the local Ty-Trist Colliery.",
"There he earned around ten shillings per week with most going to his parents to help support the family.",
"He began attending fortnightly meetings of the local Plebs' League where he studied, among other things, Marxism.",
"Bevan also joined the Tredegar branch of the South Wales Miners' Federation and became a trade union activist: he was head of his local Miners' Lodge at 19 years of age.",
"He was called up for service during the First World War, and was briefly arrested when his sister Blodwen burnt his conscription papers and he failed to report for duty.",
"Bevan appeared in court but was cleared when he produced confirmation that he suffered from nystagmus.",
"Bevan became a well-known local orator and was seen by his employers, the Tredegar Iron Company, as a troublemaker.",
"The manager of the colliery found an excuse to get him dismissed.",
"With the support of the Miners' Federation, the case was judged as one of victimisation and the company was forced to re-employ him.",
"He and his brother Billy did eventually leave Ty-Tryst and worked at the Bedwellty pit, but were forced to move again after a disagreement with the site's deputy manager over Bevan reporting information to the miner's inspector.",
"The pair went to work at Whitworth Colliery, but fell foul of management when Bevan refused to use cheaper second-hand timber as he deemed it unsafe.",
"He was later fired for refusing to unload, and successfully challenged the motion but was moved to Pochin, generally considered a punishment due to the poor site conditions.",
"1919 saw the foundation of the Tredegar Labour Party and Bevan was selected as one of four Labour delegates to contest the West Ward in the Tredegar Urban District election.",
"Although he was defeated, he gained attention from his peers and he won a scholarship to the Central Labour College in London, sponsored by the South Wales Miners' Federation.",
"There, he spent two years studying economics, politics and history.",
"He read Marxism at the college and was a brief follower of Noah Ablett, developing his left-wing political outlook.",
"Reciting long passages by William Morris with the help of an elocution tutor, Bevan gradually began to overcome the stammer that he had since childhood.",
"Bevan remained at the College until 1921, attending at a time when a number of his contemporaries from South Wales, including Jim Griffiths, were also students at the College.",
"Some historians have questioned how influential the College was on his political development.",
"He was not, apparently, one of the most diligent students, and found it difficult to follow an organised routine, including arising early for breakfast.",
"Bevan was one of the founding members of the \"Query Club\" with his brother Billy and Walter Conway.",
"Conway was a local miner who had been elected to the Bedwellty Board of Guardians and offered Bevan advice on overcoming his stammer, stating \"if you can't say it, you don't know it\".",
"Bevan followed his advice, often practising his speeches to his friends to perfect his speech and wording, and remarked that Conway's words were the \"best advice I ever had\".",
"The Query club started in 1920 or 1921 and they met in Tredegar.",
"They would collect money weekly for any member who needed it.",
"The club intended to break the hold that the Tredegar Iron and Coal Company had on the town by becoming members of pivotal groups in the community.",
"Upon returning home in 1921, he found that the Tredegar Iron and Coal Company refused to re-employ him.",
"Bevan ended up in a fist fight with a group of miners who refused to strike over his rejection.",
"Apart from a six-week period as a labourer for Tredegar Council, he did not find work until 1924 and his employer, the Bedwellty Colliery, closed down ten months later.",
"Bevan then endured another year of unemployment, the family surviving on his sister's wages, when his unemployment benefit was stopped due to her income, and his father's sick pay.",
"In February 1925, his father died of pneumoconiosis, an illness caused by the inhalation of coal dust.",
"In 1926 he found work as a paid union official.",
"His wage of £5 a week was paid by the members of the local Miners' Lodge.",
"His new job arrived in time for him to head the local miners against the colliery companies during the General Strike.",
"When the strike started on 3 May 1926, Bevan soon emerged as one of the leaders of the South Wales miners.",
"The miners remained on strike for six months.",
"Bevan was largely responsible for the distribution of strike pay in Tredegar and the formation of the Council of Action, an organisation that helped to raise money and provide food for the miners.",
"Parliament\n\nMP for Ebbw Vale\nIn 1928, Bevan won a seat on Monmouthshire County Council in the Tredegar Central Division.",
"He lost the seat in 1931, but regained it in 1932 before deciding against seeking re-election in 1934.",
"With his success in 1928, he was picked as the Labour Party candidate for Ebbw Vale (displacing the sitting MP Evan Davies), and easily held the seat at the 1929 General Election.",
"Bevan gained more than twice the votes of Liberal candidate William Griffiths, receiving 20,000 votes to Griffiths' 8,000.",
"In keeping with his background, Bevan described his initial thoughts on the House of Commons as a shrine to \"the most conservative of all religions – ancestor worship\".",
"In Parliament, he became noticed as a harsh critic of those he felt opposed the working man and woman.",
"His targets included the Conservative Winston Churchill and the Liberal David Lloyd George, as well as Ramsay MacDonald and Margaret Bondfield from his own Labour party (he targeted the latter for her unwillingness to increase unemployment benefits).",
"He had solid support from his constituency, being one of the few Labour MPs to be unopposed in the 1931 General Election, and this support grew through the 1930s and the period of the Great Depression.",
"Soon after Bevan entered Parliament, he was briefly attracted to Smethwick Labour MP Oswald Mosley's arguments, becoming one of the 17 signatories of the Mosley Memorandum in the context of the MacDonald government's repeated economic crises, including the doubling of unemployment levels.",
"In January 1931, Bevan wrote a letter to the government on behalf of the Mosley group, raising concerns over its \"failure to deal with unemployment\".",
"Mosley broke from the Labour Party in early 1931 to form the New Party, but Bevan refused to defect and instead announced that he had no intention of leaving the Labour Party.",
"By 1932, Mosley's New Party had migrated from the left over to the far-right of British politics and was rebranded as the British Union of Fascists.",
"Bevan's past association with Mosley would be used against him in subsequent years by his political rivals.",
"He married fellow Socialist MP Jennie Lee in 1934, after they met in London.",
"Described as \"more left-wing than Nye\", Lee became a considerable influence on Bevan's political career.",
"They were early supporters of the socialists in the Spanish Civil War, and Bevan visited the country in 1938.",
"In 1936 he joined the board of the new socialist newspaper Tribune.",
"His agitations for a united socialist front of all parties of the left (including the Communist Party of Great Britain) led to his brief expulsion from the Labour Party from March to November 1939 (along with Stafford Cripps, C. P. Trevelyan and three others).",
"Bevan and Cripps had previously been threatened with disciplinary action by the party for sharing a stage with a Communist speaker, and all party members were threatened with expulsion if they were associated with the Popular Front.",
"Bevan and another expelled MP, George Strauss, appealed against the decision.",
"Bevan was readmitted to the party on 20 December 1939, after agreeing \"to refrain from conducting or taking part in campaigns in opposition to the declared policy of the Party\".",
"He strongly criticised the British government's rearmament plans in the face of the rise of Hitler's Germany, saying to the Labour conference in autumn 1937:\n\nIf the immediate international situation is used as an excuse to get us to drop our opposition to the rearmament programme of the Government, the next phase must be that we must desist from any industrial or political action that may disturb national unity in the face of Fascist aggression.",
"Along that road is endless retreat, and at the end of it a voluntary totalitarian State with ourselves erecting the barbed wire around.",
"You cannot collaborate, you cannot accept the logic of collaboration on a first class issue like rearmament, and at the same time evade the implications of collaboration all along the line when the occasion demands it.",
"His opposition to the Labour leadership's approach was partly based on his view that the leadership of the Labour Party was not demanding assurances from the Government on its foreign policy as a price for the party's support for re-armament as expressed in his speech to the Bournemouth Conference of that year: ...we should say to the country we are prepared to make whatever sacrifices are necessary, to give whatever arms are necessary to fight Fascist powers and in order to consolidate world peace...",
"The Labour conference voted to drop its opposition to rearmament.",
"When Winston Churchill said that the Labour Party should refrain from giving Hitler the impression that Britain was divided, Bevan rejected this as sinister: The fear of Hitler is to be used to frighten the workers of Britain into silence.",
"In short Hitler is to rule Britain by proxy.",
"If we accept the contention that the common enemy is Hitler and not the British capitalist class, then certainly Churchill is right.",
"But it means abandonment of the class struggle and the subservience of the British workers to their own employers.",
"Opposition to the war-time government\nBy March 1938, Bevan was writing in Tribune that Churchill's warnings about German intentions for Czechoslovakia were \"a diapason of majestic harmony\" compared to Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain's \"thin, listless trickle\".",
"Bevan now called unsuccessfully for a Popular Front against fascism under the leadership of the Labour Party, including even anti-fascist Tories.",
"When the government introduced voluntary national service in December 1938, Bevan argued that Labour should demand the nationalisation of the armaments industry, support the democratic government of Spain and sign an Anglo-Soviet pact in return for its support.",
"When Labour supported the government's scheme with no such conditions, Bevan denounced Labour for imploring the people on recruiting platforms to put themselves under the leadership of their opponents.",
"The Military Training Act 1939 reintroduced conscription six months later, and Bevan joined the rest of the Labour Party in opposing it, calling it \"the complete abandonment of any hope of a successful struggle against the weight of wealth in Great Britain\".",
"He emphasised that the government had no arguments to persuade young men to fight \"except merely in another squalid attempt to defend themselves against the redistribution of international swag\".",
"In August 1939 came the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, a non-aggression pact between the Nazi and Russian governments that shocked democratic governments around the world.",
"In Parliament, Bevan argued that this was the logical outcome of the government's foreign policy.",
"He wanted the war to be not just a fight against fascism but a war for socialism.",
"Bevan was relieved that the country had united against Nazi Germany in the fight against fascism to provide a common enemy away from the working class.",
"He was a strong critic of Chamberlain, arguing that his old rival Winston Churchill should become prime minister.",
"During the Second World War he was one of the main leaders of the left in the Commons, opposing the wartime Coalition government.",
"Bevan opposed the heavy censorship imposed on radio and newspapers and wartime Defence Regulation 18B, which gave the Home Secretary the powers to intern citizens.",
"Bevan called for the nationalisation of the coal industry and advocated the opening of a Second Front in Western Europe to help the Soviet Union in its fight with Germany.",
"In one of his most noted speeches made against Churchill, he railed that the prime minister \"wins debate after debate and loses battle after battle\".",
"Churchill would later label Bevan \"a squalid nuisance\".",
"Churchill was a frequent target of Bevan's, who already held a dislike of him following his intervention in the Tonypandy riots and the 1926 United Kingdom general strike which Bevan considered heavy handed.",
"Bevan believed that the key to the war was the involvement of Russia and considered Churchill was too focused on the intervention of the United States.",
"Bevan also feared that allowing Churchill to continue unopposed and unchallenged in Parliament during the war would leave him almost unbeatable for the Labour Party in future elections.",
"Historian Max Hastings described Bevan's role in Parliament during the war as \"his figures were accurate but his scorn was at odds with the spirit of the moment—full of gratitude, as was the prime minister\".",
"His fierce opposition made him unpopular with some portions of the public at the time, his wife later described how the couple would frequently receive parcels filled with excrement at their home.",
"Bevan was critical of the leadership of the British Army, which he felt was class bound and inflexible.",
"After General Neil Ritchie's retreat across Cyrenaica early in 1942 and his disastrous defeat by General Erwin Rommel at Gazala, Bevan made one of his most memorable speeches in the Commons in support of a motion of censure against the Churchill government.",
"\"The Prime Minister must realise that in this country there is a taunt on everyone's lips that if Rommel had been in the British Army he would still have been a sergeant ...",
"There is a man in the British Army who flung 150,000 men across the Ebro in Spain, Michael Dunbar.",
"He is at present a sergeant ...",
"He was Chief of Staff in Spain, he won the Battle of the Ebro, and he is a sergeant.\"",
"Dunbar had been recommended for a commission, but rejected it himself to remain with his unit.",
"Bevan was subject to further disciplinary action in 1944, when he deliberately voted against Labour's stance on new defence regulations.",
"He also voiced criticism of trade union leaders, which drew complaints from both the Miners' Federation and the Trades Union Congress.",
"An administrative committee voted 71 to 60 in favour of retaining Bevan as an MP, although it was announced that party discipline was to be strengthened in future.",
"He believed that the Second World War would give Britain the opportunity to create \"a new society\".",
"He often quoted an 1855 passage from Karl Marx that was published in The New York Times in 1865: \"The redeeming feature of war is that it puts a nation to the test.",
"As exposure to the atmosphere reduces all mummies to instant dissolution, so war passes supreme judgment upon social systems that have outlived their vitality.\"",
"At the beginning of the 1945 general election campaign, Bevan told his audience that his goal was to eliminate any opposition to the Labour programme: \"We have been the dreamers, we have been the sufferers, now we are the builders.",
"We enter this campaign at this general election, not merely to get rid of the Tory majority.",
"We want the complete political extinction of the Tory Party, and twenty-five years of Labour Government.\"",
"Government\nThe 1945 general election resulted in a landslide victory for the Labour Party, giving it a large enough majority to allow the implementation of the party's manifesto commitments and to introduce a programme of far-reaching social reforms, that were collectively dubbed the \"Welfare State\".",
"These reforms were achieved in the face of great financial difficulty following the war.",
"The new Prime Minister, Clement Attlee, appointed Bevan as Minister of Health, with a remit that also covered housing.",
"Thus, the responsibility for instituting a new and comprehensive National Health Service, as well as tackling the country's severe post-war housing shortage, was given to Bevan, the youngest member of Attlee's Cabinet in his first ministerial position at the age of 47.",
"Although described in The Times as \"an outstanding back-bench critic\" and \"one of (Labour's) most brilliant members in debate\", his appointment was regarded as a relative surprise, given his previous disciplinary issues.",
"Bevan had clashed frequently with Attlee during his time as an MP, believing that the Labour leader failed to apply enough pressure on the Tory government during the war.",
"He had also seen disputes with some of Attlee's closest allies, Ernest Bevin and Herbert Morrison, who were appointed Foreign Secretary and Leader of the House respectively.",
"However, Attlee commented that Bevan was \"starting with me with a clean sheet\" following his appointment.",
"Bevan tested this newfound solidarity early on by arriving to a royal banquet at St James's Palace wearing a navy lounge suit.",
"He earnt a rebuke from Attlee, but Bevan contended that his Welsh mining constituency did not send him to Parliament to \"dress up\", and he declined to wear formal attire at further Buckingham Palace functions.",
"Minister of Health (1945–1951)\n\nThe free National Health Service was paid for directly through public money.",
"Bevan had been inspired by the Tredegar Medical Aid Society in his hometown, where residents would pay a subscription that would fund access for all of the town's inhabitants to have free access to medical services such as nursing or dental care.",
"This system proved so popular that 20,000 people supported the organisation during the 1930s.",
"In 1947, Bevan stated \"All I am doing is extending to the entire population of Britain the benefits we had in Tredegar for a generation or more.",
"We are going to Tredegar-ise you.\"",
"Government income was increased for the welfare state expenditure by a large increase in marginal tax rates for wealthy business owners in particular, as part of what the Labour government largely saw as the redistribution of the wealth created by the working-class from the owners of large-scale industry to the workers.",
"Having been a member of the Cottage Hospital Management Committee around 1928 and serving as chairman in 1929–30, Bevan had received an insight into the management of health services by local authorities, which proved to be a bedrock of his work in founding the National Health Service.",
"On the 'appointed day', 5 July 1948, Bevan's National Health Service Act 1946 came into force.",
"On the day, Bevan attended a ceremony at the Park Hospital, Trafford (now Trafford General), at which he symbolically received the keys to the hospital.",
"The scheme was achieved having overcome political opposition from both the Conservative Party and from within his own party.",
"Confrontation with the British Medical Association (BMA) was led by Charles Hill, who published a letter in the British Medical Journal describing Bevan as \"a complete and uncontrolled dictator\".",
"Members of the BMA had dubbed him the \"Tito of Tonypandy\".",
"They threatened to derail the National Health Service scheme before it had even begun, as medical practitioners continued to withhold their support just months before the launch of the service.",
"After eighteen months of ongoing dispute between the Ministry of Health and the BMA, Bevan finally managed to win over the support of the vast majority of the medical profession by offering a couple of minor concessions, including allowing consultants to keep their own private practices, but without compromising the fundamental principles of his National Health Service proposals.",
"At a dinner in late 1955 or early 1956 to celebrate the publication of the Guillebaud Report into NHS costs Bevan remarked to Julian Tudor Hart \"ultimately I had to stuff their mouths with gold\" about his handling of the consultants.",
"This is often quoted as \"I stuffed their mouths with gold\".",
"Some 2,688 voluntary and municipal hospitals in England and Wales were nationalised and came under Bevan's supervisory control as Health Minister.",
"Two of the key elements of Bevan's proposals were this nationalisation of the hospital services and the abolition of the sale and purchase of goodwill by general practitioners.",
"The former aimed to provide a uniform standard of consultant led care and expertise throughout the country and to replace the patchwork of voluntary and municipal hospitals which existed at that point.",
"The latter – sale and purchase of goodwill – often placed new entrants to the GP profession under large amounts of debt.",
"Along with this, the Medical Practices Committee was to oversee the distribution of GP practices – a proposal which the previous Coalition Minister had withdrawn after opposition from the British Medical Association.",
"Bevan said:\n\nConservative opposition of the National Health Service scheme feared that the sudden access to free health care would be overrun.",
"In its early stages this proved true, as the service went vastly over budget in its inaugural year, and Attlee was forced to make a radio address to the nation in an attempt to limit the strain on the system.",
"Bevan countered that the initial overspending was down to years of underinvestment in the British medical system prior to the Second World War: by the start of the 1950s, the early overspending had come to an end.",
"Housing reform\n\nWhen Bevan was made a minister in 1945, he envisaged the social housing sector as a housing service similar to the National Health Service, ensuring that everyone had access to decent and affordable homes, with people still having the option to live in owner occupation or the private sector if they so chose (with grants made available to owner-occupiers and private landlords to bring dwellings up to decent standards).",
"The removal of the criteria of \"working class\" from local authority housing provision was seen as a first step, widening access to the council housing that was becoming an ever larger part of the UK housing stock and which made up a majority of new homes built after the war.",
"The aim was to create new homes and communities with a place for all sections of society :\n\nSubstantial bombing damage, with over 700,000 homes needing repair in London alone, and the continued existence of pre-war slums in many parts of the country made the task of housing reform particularly challenging for Bevan.",
"Indeed, these factors, exacerbated by post-war restrictions on the availability of building materials and skilled labour, collectively served to limit Bevan's achievements in this area.",
"Bevan was also limited due to his desire for new homes to be bigger and of better quality than the ones they were being built to replace, based on the recommendations of a 1943 report by the Dudley Committee, and a shortage of skilled workers to undertake the work.",
"1946 saw the completion of 55,600 new homes; this rose to 139,600 in 1947 and 227,600 in 1948.",
"While this was not an insignificant achievement: the 850,000 homes built in the four years immediately after the war ended was the biggest housing programme ever introduced, Bevan's rate of house-building was seen as less of an achievement than that of his Conservative (indirect) successor, Harold Macmillan, who was able to complete some 300,000 new homes a year as Minister for Housing in the 1950s.",
"These numbers were reached by lowering the quality standards originally put forward by Bevan, with council houses featuring gardens being largely dropped in favour of tower blocks and flats.",
"Macmillan was also able to concentrate full-time on the housing crisis, instead of being obliged, like Bevan, to combine his housing portfolio with that for Health (which for Bevan took the higher priority: he once stated tongue-in-cheek that he devoted \"five minutes a week to housing\").",
"At a party rally in 1948, during a speech, Bevan stated: \"That is why no amount of cajolery, and no attempts at ethical or social seduction, can eradicate from my heart a deep burning hatred for the Tory Party that inflicted those bitter experiences on me.",
"So far as I am concerned they are lower than vermin.",
"They condemned millions of first-class people to semi-starvation.\"",
"The comment inspired the creation of the Vermin Club by angry Conservatives, who attacked Bevan for years for the metaphor.",
"Labour Party deputy leader Herbert Morrison complained that Bevan's attack had backfired, for his words \"did much more to make the Tories work and vote ... than Conservative Central Office could have done\".",
"It was later claimed that his words had cost Labour more than two million votes.",
"In 1951, with the retirement of Ernest Bevin, Bevan was a leading candidate for Foreign Secretary.",
"Prime Minister Attlee rejected Bevan in favour of Herbert Morrison because he distrusted Bevan's personality.",
"In his biography of Bevan, John Campbell wrote, \"Bevan's impetuous temperament, undiplomatic tone and reputation as an extreme left-winger combined to make the Foreign Office seem the last place a prudent Prime Minister would think of putting him at any time.",
"His \"vermin\" speech still resonated: imagination shuddered at a repetition of that on the international stage.\"",
"Minister of Labour and National Service (1951)\nBevan was instead appointed Minister of Labour in January 1951 in place of George Isaacs.",
"The move was seen by some as a sideways or backwards step, although a potential rearmament program was expected to make the post of future importance.",
"During his tenure, he helped to secure a deal for railwaymen which provided them with a significant pay increase.",
"However, three months after his appointment, Hugh Gaitskell introduced a proposal of prescription charges for dental care and spectacles—created to save a potential £25m to meet the financial demands imposed by the Korean War.",
"An infuriated Bevan stated that he would never be a member of a government that imposed charges on the National Health Service.",
"The Labour MP David Marquand has stated that the savings were introduced by Gaitskell simply to \"impose his will\" upon Bevan who he saw as a political rival.",
"Bevan resigned from his position two weeks later, stating both the proposed changes and the increase in military expenditure that necessitated the need for such proposals.",
"Two other ministers, John Freeman and Harold Wilson, resigned at the same time.",
"Bevan received unanimous support for his actions from his local Labour constituency leaders.",
"Later the same year, the Labour Party were defeated at the general election.",
"After Bevan left the Health ministry in 1951 he could never regain his level of success and feuded with fellow Labour leaders, using his strong political base as a weapon.",
"Historian Kenneth O. Morgan says, \"Bevan alone kept the flag of left-wing socialism aloft throughout—which gave him a matchless authority amongst the constituency parties and in party conference\".",
"Opposition\n\nBevan's last decade saw his political position weaken year by year as he failed to find a winning issue that would make use of his skills.",
"In 1952 Bevan published In Place of Fear, \"the most widely read socialist book\" of the period, according to a highly critical right-wing Labour MP Anthony Crosland.",
"According to The Times Literary Supplement, the book was a \"dithyramb with meanderings into the many side-tracks of Mr Bevan's private and public experience\".",
"In the opening page of the book, Bevan begins: \"A young miner in a South Wales colliery, my concern was with the one practical question: Where does power lie in this particular state of Great Britain, and how can it be attained by the workers?\"",
"In March 1952, a poorly prepared Bevan came off the worse in an evening Commons debate on health with Conservative backbencher Iain Macleod, whose performance led Churchill to appoint him as Minister of Health some six weeks after the debate.",
"Out of office, Bevan soon exacerbated the split within the Labour Party between the right and the left.",
"For the next five years, he was the leader of the left wing of the Labour Party, who became known as Bevanites.",
"They criticised high defence expenditure (especially for nuclear weapons), called for better relations with the Soviet Union, and opposed the party leader, Clement Attlee, on most issues.",
"According to Richard Crossman, Bevan hated \"the in-fighting which you have to do in politics....",
"He wasn't cut out to be a leader, he was cut out to be a prophet\".",
"In April 1954, Bevan resigned from the Labour parliamentary committee, having been rebuked by Attlee after accusing the Labour leader of surrendering to American pressure over a proposed multi-national defence organisation in Asia and the Pacific.",
"He later said that he had resigned his position to \"call attention to the fact that their movement was in grave crisis\", and stated his belief that he would be have been party chairman by the following year if he had remained.",
"In July of the same year, Bevan announced his intention to stand for election as the Treasurer of the Labour Party against Hugh Gaitskell.",
"His nomination received a severe blow on the same day it was announced, when two unions that traditionally sided with the left, the National Union of Mineworkers and the Amalgamated Engineering Union, pledged their support for his opponent.",
"Although unsuccessful in his bid, he did celebrate 25 years as the MP for Ebbw Vale.",
"In March 1955, when Britain was preparing for Operation Grapple, the testing of its first hydrogen bomb, Bevan led a revolt of 57 Labour MPs and abstained on a key vote.",
"The Parliamentary Labour Party voted 141 to 113 to withdraw the whip from him, but it was restored within a month, due to his popularity.",
"After the 1955 general election, Attlee retired as Labour leader.",
"Bevan contested the leadership against both Morrison and Labour right-winger Gaitskell, but it was Gaitskell who emerged victorious with more than half of the ballots.",
"Bevan's remark that \"I know the right kind of political Leader for the Labour Party is a kind of desiccated calculating machine\" was assumed to refer to Gaitskell, although Bevan denied it (commenting upon Gaitskell's record as Chancellor of the Exchequer as having \"proved\" this).",
"Bevan also failed in a bid to become deputy leader, losing out to Jim Griffiths.",
"He instead stood again for the role of party treasurer and was duly elected, beating George Brown.",
"Despite Bevan's criticism of the new party leader, Gaitskell decided to appoint him as Shadow Colonial Secretary, and then Shadow Foreign Secretary in 1956.",
"Bevan was as critical of the Egyptian President Colonel Nasser's seizure of the Suez Canal on 26 July 1956 as he was of the subsequent Anglo-French military response.",
"He compared Nasser with Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves, from One Thousand and One Nights.",
"He was a vocal critic of the Conservative government's actions in the Suez Crisis, noticeably delivering high-profile speeches at a protest rally in Trafalgar Square on 4 November 1956, and criticising the government's actions and arguments in the Commons on 5 December 1956.",
"Bevan accused the government of a \"policy of bankruptcy and despair\", stating at the Trafalgar rally: We are stronger than Egypt but there are other countries stronger than us.",
"Are we prepared to accept for ourselves the logic we are applying to Egypt?",
"If nations more powerful than ourselves accept the absence of principle, the anarchistic attitude of Eden and launch bombs on London, what answer have we got, what complaint have we got?",
"If we are going to appeal to force, if force is to be the arbiter to which we appeal, it would at least make common sense to try to make sure beforehand that we have got it, even if you accept that abysmal logic, that decadent point of view.We are in fact in the position today of having appealed to force in the case of a small nation, where if it is appealed to against us it will result in the destruction of Great Britain, not only as a nation, but as an island containing living men and women.",
"Therefore I say to Anthony, I say to the British government, there is no count at all upon which they can be defended.They have besmirched the name of Britain.",
"They have made us ashamed of the things of which formerly we were proud.",
"They have offended against every principle of decency and there is only one way in which they can even begin to restore their tarnished reputation and that is to get out!",
"Get out!",
"Get out!",
"Bevan dismayed many of his supporters when he suddenly reversed his opposition to nuclear weapons.",
"Speaking at the 1957 Labour Party conference, he decried unilateral nuclear disarmament, saying \"It would send a British Foreign Secretary naked into the conference-chamber\".",
"This statement is often misconstrued: Bevan argued that unilateralism would result in Britain's loss of allies, and one interpretation of his metaphor is that nakedness would come from the lack of allies, not the lack of weapons.",
"According to the journalist Paul Routledge, Donald Bruce, a former MP and Parliamentary Private Secretary and adviser to Bevan, had told him that Bevan's shift on the disarmament issue was the result of discussions with the Soviet government, where they advised him to push for British retention of nuclear weapons so they could possibly be used as a bargaining chip in negotiations with the United States.",
"In 1957, Bevan, Richard Crossman and the Labour Party's General Secretary Morgan Phillips sued The Spectator magazine for libel, after one of its writers described them as drinking heavily during an Italian Socialist Party conference.",
"The article wrote that the three men:\t\n...puzzled the Italians by their capacity to fill themselves like tanks with whisky and coffee...",
"Although the Italians were never sure the British delegation were sober, they always attributed to them an immense political acumen.",
"The three won their case, and obtained financial damages of £2,500 each.",
"Crossman later acknowledged that they had perjured themselves to do so.",
"Bevan was elected unopposed as Deputy Leader of the Labour Party in 1959, succeeding Griffiths.",
"His last speech in the House of Commons, in the debate of 3 November 1959 on the Queen's Speech, referred to the difficulties of persuading the electorate to support a policy which would make them less well-off in the short term, but more prosperous in the long term.",
"Death\nBevan had said \"I would rather be kept alive in the efficient if cold altruism of a large hospital than expire in a gush of warm sympathy in a small one\".",
"He checked into the Royal Free Hospital in London on 27 December 1959 to undergo surgery for an ulcer, but malignant stomach cancer was discovered instead in a major operation two days later.",
"After a lengthy period in hospital, on 14 February 1960 Bevan returned home and announced he would not be returning to politics in the near future, so as to be able to recuperate and plan an extended holiday.",
"In May 1960 Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime Minister of India, while in England visited Bevan at his home in Asheridge Farm (where Bevan was a keen amateur farmer, keeping cattle and pigs).",
"Bevan died in his sleep at 4.10pm on 6 July 1960, at the age of 62, at his home, Asheridge Farm, Chesham, Buckinghamshire.",
"His remains were cremated at Gwent Crematorium in Croesyceiliog in a private family ceremony.",
"An open-air service was held in his constituency of Ebbw Vale and was presided over by Donald Soper.",
"Jennie Lee explained in a letter to Michael Foot that Bevan had specifically chosen to have a non-religious funeral and not a Christian service, because he was a firm humanist.",
"In his 2014 biography, Nick Thomas-Symonds described \"an outpouring of national mourning\" that followed Bevan's death.",
"The Daily Herald stated that some MPs were seen to be crying in Parliament and described how there was \"sorrow at every street corner\" in the South Wales Valleys.",
"Harold Macmillan ended his Prime Minister's Questions session in Parliament two days after Bevan's death by paying tribute to the opposition MP, describing him as \"a great personality and a great national figure\".",
"Macmillan noted that despite being a \"controversial figure\" during his career, Bevan's death had seen an outpouring of genuine \"admiration and affection\".",
"Labour leader Hugh Gaitskell also paid tribute to his former shadow cabinet member and ended his speech by labelling Bevan as \"one of the great men of our day\".",
"Legacy\n\nBevan's most significant legacy is the National Health Service.",
"Bevan foresaw that it would always be the subject of public debate, warning that \"This service must always be changing, growing and improving; it must always appear to be inadequate.\"",
"But seven decades after it was founded, a 2013 opinion poll conducted on behalf of British Future found that the NHS was more popular than at its creation, and more popular than the monarchy, the BBC and the military.",
"Bevan was particularly noted for his public speaking, being described by Robin Butler, Baron Butler of Brockwell, as \"the greatest parliamentary speaker since Charles James Fox\".",
"Winston Churchill, the target of numerous diatribes from Bevan during his career, commented that Bevan was \"one of the few members that I will sit still and listen to\".",
"Bevan's reputation as a hard-line socialist typically preceded him: Sir William Douglas, who served as Bevan's deputy in the Ministry of Health, had initially stated that he would \"never work with a man like that\".",
"However, by the end of his tenure, he had declared Bevan as \"the best minister we have had\".",
"Clement Attlee expressed his support that Bevan should have been the leader of the Labour Party during his lifetime but was held back by his demeanour, stating \"he wants to be two things simultaneously, rebel and official leader, and you can't be both\".",
"In 2015, Welsh actor Michael Sheen gave a speech in which he described Bevan as a mythical creature, stating, \"He had cast-iron integrity and a raging passion\".",
"The Aneurin Bevan Memorial Stones were erected at the beginning of the Sirhowy Valley Walk with three smaller stones (representing three towns of his constituency Ebbw Vale, Rhymney and Tredegar) surrounding a larger stone representing Bevan.",
"In 2002, Bevan was voted as the 45th greatest Briton of all time by the BBC public opinion poll, 100 Greatest Britons.",
"The following year, Bevan was voted number one in the 100 Welsh Heroes poll, a response to find the public's favourite Welsh people of all time.",
"Numerous institutions bear Bevan's name, including the Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, and Ysbyty Aneurin Bevan, a hospital located within his old Ebbw Vale constituency.",
"Bibliography\n Why Not Trust The Tories?, 1944.",
"Published under the pseudonym 'Celticus'.",
"The title was intended ironically.",
"In Place of Fear, 1952.",
"()\nExcerpts from Bevan's speeches are included in Greg Rosen's book Old Labour to New : the dreams that inspired, the battles that divided (published by Methuen in 2005 ()).",
"Bevan's key speeches in the legislative arena are to be found in:\n Peter J. Laugharne (ed.",
"), Aneurin Bevan – A Parliamentary Odyssey: Volume I, Speeches at Westminster 1929–1944, Manutius Press, 1996.",
"Peter J. Laugharne (ed.",
"), Aneurin Bevan – A Parliamentary Odyssey: Volume II, Speeches at Westminster 1945–1960, Manutius Press, 2000.",
"Peter J. Laugharne (ed.",
"), Aneurin Bevan – A Parliamentary Odyssey: Volumes I and II, Speeches at Westminster 1929–1960, Manutius Press, 2004.",
"See also\n Bevanism\n Political history of the United Kingdom (1945–present) \n Attlee ministry\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading\n \n \n\n Fairlie, Henry.",
"\"Oratory in Political Life,\" History Today (Jan 1960) 10#1 pp 3–13.",
"covers Bevan\n\nExternal links\n\n \n (large file) \n Aneurin Bevan and the foundation of the NHS: Socialist Health Association website\n \"Great speeches: Aneurin Bevan\", The Guardian, featuring full audio of Bevan's speech at the 4 November 1956 Trafalgar Square rally against British action in Suez.",
"(unindexed) \n Aneurin Bevan at British Pathe \n Images of Bevan at the National Portrait Gallery\n\n|-\n\n|-\n\n|-\n\n|-\n\n|-\n\n|-\n\n1897 births\nPeople\n1960 deaths\n20th-century Welsh people\nBritish Secretaries of State for Employment\nBritish socialists\nCouncillors in Wales\nDeaths from cancer in England\nDeaths from stomach cancer\nEuropean democratic socialists\nMembers of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom\nMembers of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom\nMiners' Federation of Great Britain-sponsored MPs\nMinisters in the Attlee governments, 1945–1951\nNational Health Service people\nNational Union of Mineworkers-sponsored MPs\nPeople from Tredegar\nSpouses of life peers\nUK MPs 1929–1931\nUK MPs 1931–1935\nUK MPs 1935–1945\nUK MPs 1945–1950\nUK MPs 1950–1951\nUK MPs 1951–1955\nUK MPs 1955–1959\nUK MPs 1959–1964\nWelsh Labour Party MPs\nWelsh atheists\nWelsh humanists\nWelsh socialists"
] | [
"Aneurin \"Nye\" Bevan PC was a Welsh Labour Party politician.",
"He was the son of a coal miner.",
"He became involved in local union politics after leaving school at 13 and working as a miner.",
"He railed against management when he was named head of the Miners' Lodge.",
"He attended Central Labour College after joining the Labour Party.",
"After being out of work for three years, he was hired as a union official and became a leader in the general strike.",
"After winning a seat on the county council in 1928, Bevan was elected as the MP for Ebbw Vale the following year.",
"He became a critic of politicians from all parties, including David Lloyd George.",
"During the Second World War, he criticized the Conservative government.",
"In Clement Attlee's new Labour government, after the war, Bevan became the youngest member of the cabinet at 47, with his remit also including housing.",
"The National Health Service was established to provide medical care free of charge to all Britons regardless of wealth.",
"The National Health Service Act was passed despite opposition from opposition parties and the British Medical Association.",
"After two months in office, Bevan resigned as Minister of Labour after the Attlee government decided to transfer funds from the National Insurance Fund to pay for rearmament.",
"His influence waned after his departure, although a left-wing group within the party became known as \"Bevanites\".",
"A snap election was held six months after Bevan's resignation, but Attlee continued to lead the Labour Party.",
"When Attlee retired from the leadership in 1955, Bevan was appointed Shadow Foreign Secretary and Shadow Colonial Secretary.",
"He held the post of deputy leader of the Labour Party for a year until his death from stomach cancer at the age of 62.",
"An \"out of national mourning\" followed the death of Bevan in 1960.",
"His contribution to the founding of the welfare state in the UK was credited as the reason why he was voted first in a list of 100 Welsh Heroes.",
"An estimated 90 per cent of the town's inhabitants relied on the local mines for employment when Aneurin Bevan was born in 1897.",
"The town was located in the South Wales Valleys and was on the northern edge of the South Wales coalfield.",
"He was the son of a coal miner and a seamstress.",
"David Bevan followed in his father's footsteps and started work in the mines at a young age, even though his family had originally hailed from Carmarthenshire.",
"The first gas stove in the street, an inside toilet, and running hot water were added when the family moved to 7 Charles Street.",
"His mother was a Methodist and his father a Baptist, both of which were nonconformists.",
"After reading Robert Blatchford's writings, Bevan became a member of the Independent Labour Party and a supporter of the Liberal Party.",
"He first rejected his chapel upbringing and became an unbeliever around this time.",
"One of his poems won an inter-chapel eisteddfod.",
"Aneurin's mother was also from Tredegar, but had English roots.",
"John was a blacksmith who had moved from Hay-on-Wye to work in the Bedwellty mines.",
"There were ten children, six boys and four girls, but four died in infancy and one died at the age of eight.",
"Sirhowy Elementary School wasn't much of a success for Aneurin Bevan.",
"He was a lonely chap due to the need to shy away from the attention that came his way.",
"At the age of 13, he worked as a butcher's boy at a local store.",
"He worked at the butcher's for several months after leaving school.",
"He made around ten shillings per week and most of it went to his parents.",
"He studied Marxism at the meetings of the local league.",
"He was the head of his local Miners' Lodge at the age of 19 and became a trade union activist after joining the South Wales Miners' Federation.",
"He was arrested when he failed to report for duty after his sister burnt his papers.",
"When he appeared in court, he was cleared when he showed that he had a neurological condition.",
"Bevan was seen by his employer, the Tredegar Iron Company, as a troublemaker because he became a well-known local orator.",
"The colliery manager had an excuse to dismiss him.",
"The company was forced to re-employ him after the case was judged to be one of victimisation by the Miners' Federation.",
"After a disagreement with the site's deputy manager over Bevan reporting information to the miner's inspector, he and Billy were forced to move back to Ty-Tryst.",
"The pair went to work at the colliey, but fell foul of management when Bevan refused to use cheaper second-hand timber.",
"He was moved to Pochin due to the poor site conditions after being fired for refusing to unload.",
"In 1919, Bevan was selected as one of four Labour delegates to contest the West Ward in the Tredegar Urban District election.",
"He won a scholarship to the Central Labour College in London after gaining attention from his peers.",
"He studied economics, politics and history there.",
"He was a follower of Noah Ablett and read Marxism at the college.",
"Reciting long passages by William Morris with the help of an elocution tutor, Bevan gradually began to overcome his stutter.",
"At a time when a number of his peers from South Wales were also students at the College, Bevan stayed there until 1921.",
"The College's influence on his political development has been questioned.",
"He was not one of the most dedicated students and found it difficult to follow an organised routine.",
"Billy and Walter were two of the founding members of the \"Query Club\".",
"\"If you can't say it, you don't know it\" was the advice given by a local miner to a man with a stutter.",
"\"Conway's words were the best advice I ever had\", said Bevan, who often practised his speeches to his friends to perfect his speech and wording.",
"The club started in 1920 or 1921.",
"Every week they would collect money for any member who needed it.",
"The club wanted to break the hold on the town that the Iron and Coal Company had on it.",
"He was refused re-employment by the Tredegar Iron and Coal Company after returning home in 1921.",
"Bevan fought a group of miners who refused to strike over his rejection.",
"He did not find a job until 1924 and his employer closed down ten months later.",
"After another year of unemployment, his unemployment benefit was stopped because of his sister's income and his father's sick pay.",
"In February 1925, his father died of pneumoconiosis, an illness caused by the inhalation of coal dust.",
"He worked as a paid union official.",
"The members of the local Miners' Lodge paid his wage.",
"He was able to head the local miners against the colliery companies during the General Strike because of his new job.",
"One of the leaders of the South Wales miners was Bevan.",
"The miners were on strike for six months.",
"The Council of Action, an organisation that helped to raise money and provide food for the miners, was formed by Bevan.",
"In 1928, Bevan won a seat on the county council.",
"He lost the seat in 1931, but regained it in 1932.",
"He held the seat at the 1929 General Election after being picked as the Labour Party candidate for Ebbw Vale.",
"The Liberal candidate William Griffiths received 8,000 votes, but Bevan received 20,000.",
"The House of Commons was described as a shrine to \"the most conservative of all religions\" by Bevan.",
"He became known as a harsh critic of those opposed to the working man and woman.",
"His targets included the Conservatives and the Liberal David Lloyd George, as well as Ramsay MacDonald and Margaret Bondfield from his own Labour party.",
"He was one of the few Labour MPs who were not challenged in the 1931 General Election, and the support from his constituency grew through the 1930s and the Great Depression.",
"After entering Parliament, he was attracted to the arguments of the Labour Party's Oswald Mosley, who was one of the 17 signatories of the Memorandum in the context of the MacDonald government's repeated economic crises, including the doubling of unemployment levels.",
"In January 1931, Bevan wrote a letter to the government, raising concerns over the government's failure to deal with unemployment.",
"After breaking from the Labour Party to form the New Party, Bevan announced that he had no intention of leaving the Labour Party.",
"The British Union of Fascists was formed after the New Party migrated from the left to the right.",
"Bevan would be used against him in the future by his political rivals.",
"They met in London and married in 1934.",
"Lee's influence on Bevan's political career was described as more left-wing than Nye.",
"They supported the socialists in the Spanish Civil War and visited the country in 1938.",
"He joined the board of the Tribune in 1936.",
"He was kicked out of the Labour Party from March to November 1939 due to his actions for a united socialist front.",
"If they were associated with the Popular Front, all party members were threatened with expulsion for sharing a stage with a Communist speaker.",
"They appealed against the decision.",
"After agreeing to refrain from conducting or taking part in campaigns in opposition to the declared policy of the Party, Bevan was readmitted to the party on December 20, 1939.",
"In the autumn of 1937, he told the Labour conference that the British government's rearmament plans should be dropped because of the rise of Hitler's Germany.",
"At the end of that road is a voluntary totalitarian State with ourselves putting barbed wire around.",
"You cannot collaborate, you cannot accept the logic of collaboration on a first class issue like rearmament, and at the same time evade the implications of collaboration all along the line when the occasion demands it.",
"His opposition to the Labour leadership's approach was partly based on his view that the leadership of the Labour Party was not demanding assurances from the Government on its foreign policy as a price for the party's support for re-armament as expressed in his speech to the Bournemouth Conference of that",
"The opposition to rearmament was dropped by the Labour conference.",
"The fear of Hitler is to be used to frighten the workers of Britain, according to Bevan.",
"Hitler is going to rule Britain by proxy.",
"We should accept the contention that the common enemy is Hitler and not the British capitalist class.",
"The abandonment of the class struggle and the subservience of the British workers to their employers is what it means.",
"In March of 1938, Bevan wrote in Tribune that the warnings about German intentions for Czechoslovakia were \"a diapason of majestic harmony\" compared to the \"thin, listless trickle\" of the government.",
"Under the leadership of the Labour Party, Bevan called for a Popular Front against fascists.",
"In December of 1938, when voluntary national service was introduced, Bevan argued that Labour should demand the nationalisation of the armaments industry, support the democratic government of Spain and sign an Anglo-Soviet pact in return for its support.",
"When Labour supported the government's scheme, they were denounced for imploring the people to put themselves under the leadership of their opponents.",
"The Military Training Act 1939 reintroduced conscription six months later, and Bevan joined the rest of the Labour Party in opposing it, calling it \"the complete abandonment of any hope of a successful struggle against the weight of wealth in Great Britain\".",
"He said that the government had no arguments to convince young men to fight, except to defend themselves against the redistribution of international wealth.",
"The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, a non-aggression pact between the Nazi and Russian governments, shocked democratic governments around the world.",
"The logical outcome of the government's foreign policy was argued by Bevan in Parliament.",
"He wanted the war to be about socialism.",
"The country united against Nazi Germany in order to provide a common enemy away from the working class.",
"He argued that he should become prime minister.",
"He was a leader of the left in the Commons during the Second World War.",
"The Defence Regulation 18B gave the Home Secretary the power to intern citizens, which was opposed by Bevan.",
"The opening of a Second Front in Western Europe to help the Soviet Union in its fight with Germany was advocated by Bevan.",
"He railed against the prime minister in one of his speeches, saying that he lost battle after battle.",
"Bevan was later labeled a squalid nuisance.",
"After his intervention in the Tonypandy riots and the United Kingdom general strike, which he considered heavy handed, Bevan held a dislike for him.",
"The key to the war, according to Bevan, was the involvement of Russia, which he thought was too focused on the intervention of the United States.",
"During the war, it was feared that allowing Churchill to continue in Parliament would make him unbeatable for the Labour Party in future elections.",
"Historian Max Hastings described Bevan's role in Parliament during the war as \"his figures were accurate but his disdain was at odds with the spirit of the moment, as was the prime minister\".",
"His fierce opposition made him unpopular with some of the public at the time, and his wife later described how the couple would frequently receive parcels filled with excrement at their home.",
"He felt that the leadership of the British Army was inflexible and class bound.",
"One of the most memorable speeches in the Commons was made by Bevan in support of a motion of censure against the government.",
"Everyone in this country knows that if Rommel had been in the British Army, he would have been a sergeant.",
"There is a man in the British Army who threw 150,000 men across the Ebro in Spain.",
"He is a sergeant.",
"He was the Chief of Staff in Spain, he won the Battle of the Ebro, and he is a sergeant.",
"He refused to remain with his unit after being recommended for a commission.",
"In 1944, he was reprimanded for voting against Labour's stance on new defence regulations.",
"Both the Miners' Federation and the Trades Union Congress complained about his criticism of trade union leaders.",
"It was announced that party discipline would be strengthened in the future, but an administrative committee voted 71 to 60 in favor of retaining Bevan as an MP.",
"He believed that the Second World War would allow Britain to create a new society.",
"\"The redeeming feature of war is that it puts a nation to the test,\" was a quote from Karl Marx that was published in The New York Times in 1865.",
"War passes supreme judgement on social systems that have outlived their usefulness as exposure to the atmosphere reduces mummies to instant dissolution.",
"At the beginning of the 1945 general election campaign, Bevan told his audience that his goal was to eliminate any opposition to the Labour programme.",
"We enter this campaign to win the election, not to get rid of the Conservatives.",
"The complete political extinction of the Conservative Party and the Labour Government is what we want.",
"The 1945 general election gave the Labour Party a large enough majority to allow the implementation of the party's manifesto commitments and to introduce a programme of far-reaching social reforms that were collectively dubbed the \"Welfare State\".",
"The reforms were done in the face of financial difficulties.",
"Bevan was appointed Minister of Health by the new Prime Minister, Clement Attlee.",
"Bevan, the youngest member of Attlee's Cabinet at the age of 47, was given responsibility for instituting a new and comprehensive National Health Service as well as tackling the country's severe post-war housing shortage.",
"He was described in The Times as an outstanding back-bench critic and one of Labour's most brilliant members in debate, but his previous issues made his appointment a bit of a surprise.",
"During his time as an MP, Bevan clashed with Attlee because he believed that the Labour leader failed to apply enough pressure on the government.",
"Ernest Bevin and Herbert Morrison were both appointed Foreign Secretary and Leader of the House by Attlee.",
"Following his appointment, Attlee commented that he was starting with a clean sheet.",
"Bevan wore a navy lounge suit to the banquet at St James's Palace.",
"He was rebuked by Attlee because he claimed that his Welsh mining constituency did not send him to Parliament to dress up.",
"The National Health Service was paid for with public money.",
"In his hometown, the residents would pay a subscription to the Medical Aid Society in order to have free access to medical services such as nursing or dental care.",
"20,000 people supported the organisation because of this system.",
"In 1947, Bevan stated \"All I am doing is extending to the entire population of Britain the benefits we had in Tredegar for a generation or more.\"",
"We are going to get you.",
"Government income was increased for the welfare state expenditure by a large increase in marginal tax rates for wealthy business owners in particular, as part of what the Labour government largely saw as the redistribution of the wealth created by the working-class from the owners of large-scale industry to the workers.",
"Bevan received an insight into the management of health services by local authorities when he was a member of the Cottage Hospital Management Committee, which DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch",
"On July 5, 1948, the National Health Service Act came into force.",
"He received the keys to the hospital at a ceremony on the day.",
"The scheme was achieved despite opposition from both the Conservative Party and his own party.",
"Charles Hill published a letter in the British Medical Journal describing Bevan as a complete and uncontrollable dictator.",
"He was dubbed the \"Tito of Tonypandy\" by members of the BMA.",
"They threatened to derail the National Health Service scheme before it had even begun, as medical practitioners continued to refuse their support just months before the launch of the service.",
"After eighteen months of ongoing dispute between the Ministry of Health and the BMA, Bevan finally managed to win over the support of the vast majority of the medical profession by offering a couple of minor concessions, including allowing consultants to keep their own private practices, but without compromising the fundamental principles of his",
"At a dinner in late 1955 or early 1956 to celebrate the publication of the Guillebaud Report into NHS costs, Bevan remarked to Julian Tudor Hart \"ultimately I had to stuff their mouths with gold\" about his handling of the consultants.\"",
"This is often referred to as \"I stuffed their mouths with gold\".",
"2,688 voluntary and municipal hospitals in England and Wales were nationalised by the Health Minister.",
"The abolition of the sale and purchase of goodwill by general practitioners was one of the key elements of Bevan's proposals.",
"To replace the patchwork of voluntary and municipal hospitals which existed at that point, the former wanted to provide a uniform standard of consultant led care and expertise throughout the country.",
"New entrants to the GP profession were often placed under large amounts of debt due to the sale and purchase of goodwill.",
"The distribution of GP practices was to be overseen by the Medical Practices Committee, but this proposal was withdrawn after opposition from the British Medical Association.",
"The Conservatives were worried that the access to free health care would be overrun.",
"In its first year, the service went over budget and Attlee had to make a radio address to the nation to limit the strain on the system.",
"By the start of the 1950s, the overspending had come to an end due to years of under investment in the British medical system.",
"When he became a minister in 1945, he wanted the social housing sector to be like the National Health Service, with everyone having access to decent and affordable homes, and people still having the option to live in owner occupation or the private sector if they so choose.",
"The removal of the criteria of \"working class\" from local authority housing provision was seen as a first step, widening access to the council housing that was becoming an ever larger part of the UK housing stock and which made up a majority of new homes built after the war.",
"In order to create new homes and communities with a place for all sections of society, the task of housing reform was particularly challenging.",
"Post-war restrictions on the availability of building materials and skilled labour resulted in limiting Bevan's achievements in this area.",
"Based on the recommendations of a 1943 report by the Dudley Committee and a shortage of skilled workers, Bevan was limited due to his desire for new homes to be bigger and better quality than the ones they were being built to replace.",
"The number of new homes completed rose from 55,600 in 1946 to 139,600 in 1947 and 227,600 in 1948.",
"The 850,000 homes built in the four years immediately after the war was the biggest housing programme ever introduced, but the rate of house-building was seen as less of an achievement than that of Harold Macmillan.",
"The numbers were reached by lowering the quality standards originally put forward by Bevan, with council houses featuring gardens being largely dropped in favour of tower blocks and flats.",
"Instead of being obliged, like Bevan, to combine his housing portfolio with that for Health, Macmillan was able to concentrate full-time on the housing crisis.",
"At a party rally in 1948, during a speech, Bevan stated: \"That is why no amount of cajolery, and no attempts at ethical or social seduction, can eradicate from my heart a deep burning hatred for the Tory Party that inflicted those bitter experiences on me.\"",
"They are lower than vermin.",
"Millions of first-class people were condemned to semi-starvation.",
"The Vermin Club was created by angry Conservatives because of the comment.",
"Herbert Morrison, the deputy leader of the Labour Party, said that Bevan's attack had backfired because he did more to make the Conservatives work and vote than the central office could have done.",
"It was claimed that his words cost Labour two million votes.",
"With the retirement of Ernest Bevin, Bevan was a leading candidate for Foreign Secretary.",
"Prime Minister Attlee distrusted Bevan's personality so he rejected him.",
"John Campbell wrote that \"Bevan's impetuous temperament, undiplomatic tone and reputation as an extreme left-winger combined to make the Foreign Office seem the last place a prudent Prime Minister would think of putting him at any time.\"",
"imagination shuddered at a repetition of his \"vermin\" speech on the international stage.",
"The Minister of Labour and National Service in January 1951 was Bevan.",
"Although a potential rearmament program was expected to make the post of future importance, the move was seen by some as a sideways or backwards step.",
"He helped to get a pay increase for railwaymen.",
"Three months after his appointment, Hugh Gaitskell introduced a proposal of prescription charges for dental care and glasses to save money.",
"He wouldn't be a member of a government that imposed charges on the National Health Service.",
"David Marquand stated that the savings were introduced by Gaitskell in order to impose his will upon Bevan who he saw as a political rival.",
"Both the proposed changes and the increase in military expenditure necessitated the need for such proposals, which is why Bevan resigned from his position two weeks later.",
"Two other ministers resigned at the same time.",
"Local Labour constituency leaders gave unanimous support to Bevan's actions.",
"The Labour Party lost at the general election.",
"After leaving the Health ministry in 1951, he feuded with fellow Labour leaders and used his political base as a weapon.",
"Historian Kenneth O. Morgan says, \"Bevan alone kept the flag of left-wing socialism aloft throughout, which gave him a matchless authority amongst the constituency parties and in party conference\".",
"The last decade saw the opposition's political position weaken as they failed to find a winning issue that would use their skills.",
"In Place of Fear was published in 1952 and is said to be the most widely read socialist book of the period.",
"The book was described by The Times Literary Supplement as a \"dithyramb with meanderings into the many side-tracks of Mr Bevan's private and public experience\".",
"A young miner in a South Wales colliery, my concern was with the one practical question: Where does power lie in this particular state of Great Britain, and how can it be attained by the workers?",
"In March 1952, a poorly prepared Bevan came off the worse in an evening Commons debate on health with Iain Macleod, whose performance led to him being appointed Minister of Health.",
"The Labour Party was split between the right and the left after Bevan left office.",
"He was the leader of the left wing of the Labour Party for five years.",
"They criticized high defence expenditure, called for better relations with the Soviet Union, and opposed the party leader on most issues.",
"According to Richard Crossman, Bevan hated in-fighting in politics.",
"He was cut out to be a leader and a prophet.",
"In April 1954, Bevan resigned from the Labour parliamentary committee after accusing the Labour leader of surrendering to American pressure over a proposed multi-national defence organisation in Asia and the Pacific.",
"He stated that he would have been party chairman by the following year if he had remained, after he resigned his position to \"call attention to the fact that their movement was in grave crisis\".",
"In July of the same year, Bevan announced his intention to stand for election as the Labour Party's treasurer.",
"The National Union of Mineworkers and the Amalgamated Engineering Union pledged their support for his opponent after he was nominated.",
"He was the Member of Parliament for Ebbw Vale for 25 years.",
"In 1955, when Britain was preparing for the testing of its first hydrogen bomb, Bevan led a revolt of 57 Labour MPs and abstained from a key vote.",
"The Parliamentary Labour Party voted to withdraw the whip from him, but it was restored within a month due to his popularity.",
"Attlee retired as Labour leader after the 1955 general election.",
"Morrison was the one who emerged victorious with more than half of the votes.",
"Bevan's remark that \"I know the right kind of political Leader for the Labour Party is a kind of desiccated calculating machine\" was assumed to refer to Gaitskell, but he denied it.",
"Jim Griffiths beat out Bevan for the position of deputy leader.",
"He was elected as the party's treasurer, beating George Brown.",
"The Shadow Foreign Secretary was appointed despite Bevan's criticism of the new party leader.",
"He was critical of the French military response to the Egyptian President's seizure of the canal.",
"He compared Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves to Nasser.",
"He was a vocal critic of the Conservative government's actions in the Suez Crisis, delivering high-profile speeches at a protest rally in Trafalgar Square on 4 November 1956, and criticising the government's actions and arguments in the Commons on 5 December 1956.",
"\"We are stronger than Egypt but there are other countries stronger than us,\" said Bevan at the Trafalgar rally.",
"Can we accept the logic we are applying to Egypt?",
"What complaint have we got if nations more powerful than ourselves accept the absence of principle and launch bombs on London?",
"If we are going to appeal to force, if force is to be the arbiter to which we appeal, it would make sense to make sure that we have got it, even if you don't agree with that decadent point of view.",
"I say to Anthony that there is no way that they can be defended. They have besmirched the name of Britain.",
"They have made us feel bad about the things we were proud of.",
"There is only one way in which they can begin to restore their reputation and that is to get out, because they have offended against every principle of decency.",
"Get out, savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay",
"Get out, savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay",
"Many of his supporters were dismayed when he reversed his opposition to nuclear weapons.",
"He said at the 1957 Labour Party conference that it would send a British Foreign Secretary naked into the conference-chamber.",
"One interpretation of his metaphor is that nakedness would come from the lack of allies, not the lack of weapons.",
"According to the journalist Paul Routledge, Donald Bruce, a former MP and Parliamentary Private Secretary and adviser to Bevan, had told him that Bevan's shift on the disarmament issue was the result of discussions with the Soviet government, where they advised him to push for British retention of nuclear weapons.",
"The Labour Party's General Secretary MorganPhillips and Richard Crossman sued The Spectator magazine for libel in 1957, after one of its writers described them as drinking heavily during an Italian Socialist Party conference.",
"The Italians werepuzzled by their capacity to fill themselves like tanks with booze and coffee.",
"The Italians always attributed the British delegation's political prowess to them.",
"Financial damages of £2,500 were obtained by the three.",
"Crossman admitted that they perjured themselves to do so.",
"In 1959 Bevan was elected as the deputy leader of the Labour Party.",
"The difficulties of persuading the electorate to support a policy which would make them less well-off in the short term, but more prosperous in the long term were referred to in his last speech in the House of Commons.",
"Death Bevan said he would rather be kept alive in a large hospital than die in a small hospital.",
"He checked into the Royal Free Hospital in London on December 27 1959 to have an operation for an ulcer, but two days later he was diagnosed with stomach cancer.",
"On February 14, 1960, after a lengthy period in hospital, Bevan returned home and announced that he would not be returning to politics in the near future, so as to be able to recuperate and plan an extended holiday.",
"Jawaharlal Nehru, the Prime Minister of India, visited Bevan at his home in England in May 1960.",
"On 6 July 1960, at the age of 62, Bevan died in his sleep at his home in Chesham.",
"His remains were cremated in a private ceremony.",
"Donald Soper presided over an open-air service in his constituency.",
"In a letter to Michael Foot, Jennie Lee explained that Bevan had chosen to have a non- religious funeral and not a Christian service.",
"Nick Thomas-Symonds said in his biography that there was an \"out of national mourning\" after Bevan's death.",
"There was \"sorrow at every street corner\" in the South Wales Valleys, according to the Daily Herald.",
"The Prime Minister ended his Prime Minister's Questions session in Parliament two days after the death of Bevan, describing him as a great personality and a great national figure.",
"Despite being a controversial figure during his career, Bevan's death saw a lot of genuine \"admiration and affection\".",
"Hugh Gaitskell paid tribute to his former shadow cabinet member and ended his speech by calling him \"one of the great men of our day\".",
"The National Health Service is the most significant legacy.",
"\"This service must always be changing, growing and improving; it must always appear to be inadequate,\" warned Bevan.",
"According to an opinion poll conducted on behalf of British Future, the National Health Service was more popular than the monarchy and the military, seven decades after it was founded.",
"He was described as the greatest parliamentary speaker since Charles James Fox.",
"One of the few members that I will sit still and listen to is Bevan.",
"Sir William Douglas, who served as Bevan's deputy in the Ministry of Health, initially stated that he would never work with a man like that.",
"He declared that Bevan was the best minister he had had.",
"Clement Attlee believed that Bevan should have been the leader of the Labour Party during his lifetime, but was held back by his demeanor, stating \"he wants to be two things simultaneously, rebel and official leader, and you can't be both\".",
"\"He had cast-iron integrity and a raging passion, and he was a mythical creature,\" said Welsh actor Michael Sheen in a speech in 2015.",
"At the beginning of the Sirhowy Valley Walk, there are three smaller stones that represent three towns of his constituency and a larger stone that represents him.",
"According to the 100 Greatest Britons poll, Bevan was the 45th greatest Briton of all time.",
"In the 100 Welsh Heroes poll, Bevan was voted the favourite Welsh person of all time.",
"The Aneurin Bevan University Health Board and Ysbyty Aneurin Bevan are both named after him.",
"Why not trust the Tories?",
"It was published under the name 'Celticus'.",
"The title was intended as a joke.",
"In Place of Fear was published in 1952.",
"Excerpts from Bevan's speeches are included in a book called Old Labour to New: the dreams that inspired, the battles that divided.",
"Peter J. Laugharne is the author of the key speeches in the legislative arena.",
"A Parliamentary Odyssey: Volume I, Speeches at Westminster 1929–1944 was published in 1996.",
"Peter J. Laugharne is a writer.",
"The second volume of A Parliamentary Odyssey: Volume II was published in 2000.",
"Peter J. Laugharne is a writer.",
"A Parliamentary Odyssey: Volumes I and II, Speeches at Westminster 1929–1960, was published in 2004.",
"See also the political history of the United Kingdom.",
"\"Oratory in Political Life\" was published in History Today.",
"The Socialist Health Association website features full audio of Aneurin Bevan's speech at the Trafalgar Square rally.",
"There are images of Aneurin Bevan at the National Portrait Gallery."
] | <mask>Nye<mask> PC (; 15 November 1897 – 6 July 1960) was a Welsh Labour Party politician. Born into a working-class family in South Wales, he was the son of a coal miner. He left school at 13 and worked as a miner during his teens where he became involved in local union politics. He was named head of his Miners' Lodge when aged 19, where he frequently railed against management. He joined the Labour Party and attended Central Labour College in London. On his return to South Wales he struggled to find work, remaining unemployed for nearly three years before gaining employment as a union official, which led to him becoming a leading figure in the 1926 general strike. In 1928, <mask> won a seat on Monmouthshire County Council and was elected as the MP for Ebbw Vale the following year.In Parliament, he became a vocal critic of numerous other politicians from all parties, including Winston Churchill and David Lloyd George. His criticisms of Churchill and the Conservative government during the Second World War raised him to national prominence. After the war, <mask> was chosen as the Minister of Health in Clement Attlee's new Labour government, becoming the youngest member of the cabinet at 47, with his remit also including housing. Inspired by the Tredegar Medical Aid Society in his hometown, <mask> led the establishment of the National Health Service to provide medical care free at point-of-need to all Britons, regardless of wealth. Despite opposition from opposition parties as well as the British Medical Association, the National Health Service Act 1946 was passed, nationalising more than 2,500 hospitals within the United Kingdom. Bevan was named Minister of Labour in 1951, but resigned after two months in office, when the Attlee government proposed the introduction of prescription charges for dental and vision care and decided to transfer funds from the National Insurance Fund to pay for rearmament. His influence waned after his departure, although a left-wing group (not under his control) within the party became known as "Bevanites".Attlee and Labour were ousted from power in a snap election held six months after <mask>'s resignation, but Attlee continued on as Labour Party Leader. When Attlee retired from the leadership in 1955, <mask> unsuccessfully contested the party leadership with Hugh Gaitskell, but was appointed Shadow Colonial Secretary and later Shadow Foreign Secretary. In 1959, he was elected Deputy Leader of the Labour Party and held the post for a year until his death from stomach cancer at the age of 62. <mask>'s death in 1960 led to "an outpouring of national mourning". In 2004, more than 44 years after his death, he was voted first in a list of 100 Welsh Heroes, having been credited for his contribution to the founding of the welfare state in the UK. Early life
<mask> <mask> was born on 15 November 1897 at 32 Charles Street in Tredegar, Monmouthshire, a working-class mining town, where an estimated 90 per cent of the town's inhabitants relied on the local mines for employment. The town was situated in the South Wales Valleys and was on the northern edge of the South Wales coalfield.He was the son of coal miner <mask> and Phoebe ( Prothero), a seamstress. <mask> was born in Tredegar but his family had originally hailed from Carmarthenshire, and he followed his own father into the mines, starting work at 5:30am each day and returning home late in the evening. He was adept at construction and added several modern features when the family moved to 7 Charles Street, installing the first gas stove in the street, an inside toilet and running hot water. Both <mask>'s parents were Nonconformists: his father was a Baptist and his mother a Methodist, although he became an atheist. Bevan had been a supporter of the Liberal Party in his youth, but was converted to socialism by the writings of Robert Blatchford in The Clarion and joined the Independent Labour Party. It was around this time that he first "reject[ed] his chapel upbringing" and became an atheist. He was a member of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion and wrote his own poems, one of which won an inter-chapel eisteddfod.<mask>'s mother was also from Tredegar, but had English roots: her grandfather was from Hereford. Bevan's maternal grandfather John was a blacksmith who had moved to Tredegar from Hay-on-Wye to work in the Bedwellty mines. The couple had ten children altogether—six boys and four girls—although four died in infancy and one died at the age of eight. <mask> <mask> attended Sirhowy Elementary School, where he achieved little. He developed a severe stammer as a child and, according to his younger sister Myfanwy, became "a lonely chap", due to the need to shy away from the attention it brought him. Working life as a miner
At the age of 13, in his last months of schooling, he worked as a butcher's boy at a local store. He worked at the butcher's for several months before leaving school, instead working in the local Ty-Trist Colliery.There he earned around ten shillings per week with most going to his parents to help support the family. He began attending fortnightly meetings of the local Plebs' League where he studied, among other things, Marxism. Bevan also joined the Tredegar branch of the South Wales Miners' Federation and became a trade union activist: he was head of his local Miners' Lodge at 19 years of age. He was called up for service during the First World War, and was briefly arrested when his sister Blodwen burnt his conscription papers and he failed to report for duty. Bevan appeared in court but was cleared when he produced confirmation that he suffered from nystagmus. Bevan became a well-known local orator and was seen by his employers, the Tredegar Iron Company, as a troublemaker. The manager of the colliery found an excuse to get him dismissed.With the support of the Miners' Federation, the case was judged as one of victimisation and the company was forced to re-employ him. He and his brother Billy did eventually leave Ty-Tryst and worked at the Bedwellty pit, but were forced to move again after a disagreement with the site's deputy manager over Bevan reporting information to the miner's inspector. The pair went to work at Whitworth Colliery, but fell foul of management when Bevan refused to use cheaper second-hand timber as he deemed it unsafe. He was later fired for refusing to unload, and successfully challenged the motion but was moved to Pochin, generally considered a punishment due to the poor site conditions. 1919 saw the foundation of the Tredegar Labour Party and Bevan was selected as one of four Labour delegates to contest the West Ward in the Tredegar Urban District election. Although he was defeated, he gained attention from his peers and he won a scholarship to the Central Labour College in London, sponsored by the South Wales Miners' Federation. There, he spent two years studying economics, politics and history.He read Marxism at the college and was a brief follower of Noah Ablett, developing his left-wing political outlook. Reciting long passages by William Morris with the help of an elocution tutor, Bevan gradually began to overcome the stammer that he had since childhood. Bevan remained at the College until 1921, attending at a time when a number of his contemporaries from South Wales, including Jim Griffiths, were also students at the College. Some historians have questioned how influential the College was on his political development. He was not, apparently, one of the most diligent students, and found it difficult to follow an organised routine, including arising early for breakfast. Bevan was one of the founding members of the "Query Club" with his brother Billy and Walter Conway. Conway was a local miner who had been elected to the Bedwellty Board of Guardians and offered Bevan advice on overcoming his stammer, stating "if you can't say it, you don't know it".Bevan followed his advice, often practising his speeches to his friends to perfect his speech and wording, and remarked that Conway's words were the "best advice I ever had". The Query club started in 1920 or 1921 and they met in Tredegar. They would collect money weekly for any member who needed it. The club intended to break the hold that the Tredegar Iron and Coal Company had on the town by becoming members of pivotal groups in the community. Upon returning home in 1921, he found that the Tredegar Iron and Coal Company refused to re-employ him. Bevan ended up in a fist fight with a group of miners who refused to strike over his rejection. Apart from a six-week period as a labourer for Tredegar Council, he did not find work until 1924 and his employer, the Bedwellty Colliery, closed down ten months later.Bevan then endured another year of unemployment, the family surviving on his sister's wages, when his unemployment benefit was stopped due to her income, and his father's sick pay. In February 1925, his father died of pneumoconiosis, an illness caused by the inhalation of coal dust. In 1926 he found work as a paid union official. His wage of £5 a week was paid by the members of the local Miners' Lodge. His new job arrived in time for him to head the local miners against the colliery companies during the General Strike. When the strike started on 3 May 1926, Bevan soon emerged as one of the leaders of the South Wales miners. The miners remained on strike for six months.<mask> was largely responsible for the distribution of strike pay in Tredegar and the formation of the Council of Action, an organisation that helped to raise money and provide food for the miners. Parliament
MP for Ebbw Vale
In 1928, <mask> won a seat on Monmouthshire County Council in the Tredegar Central Division. He lost the seat in 1931, but regained it in 1932 before deciding against seeking re-election in 1934. With his success in 1928, he was picked as the Labour Party candidate for Ebbw Vale (displacing the sitting MP Evan Davies), and easily held the seat at the 1929 General Election. Bevan gained more than twice the votes of Liberal candidate William Griffiths, receiving 20,000 votes to Griffiths' 8,000. In keeping with his background, <mask> described his initial thoughts on the House of Commons as a shrine to "the most conservative of all religions – ancestor worship". In Parliament, he became noticed as a harsh critic of those he felt opposed the working man and woman.His targets included the Conservative Winston Churchill and the Liberal David Lloyd George, as well as Ramsay MacDonald and Margaret Bondfield from his own Labour party (he targeted the latter for her unwillingness to increase unemployment benefits). He had solid support from his constituency, being one of the few Labour MPs to be unopposed in the 1931 General Election, and this support grew through the 1930s and the period of the Great Depression. Soon after <mask> entered Parliament, he was briefly attracted to Smethwick Labour MP Oswald Mosley's arguments, becoming one of the 17 signatories of the Mosley Memorandum in the context of the MacDonald government's repeated economic crises, including the doubling of unemployment levels. In January 1931, <mask> wrote a letter to the government on behalf of the Mosley group, raising concerns over its "failure to deal with unemployment". Mosley broke from the Labour Party in early 1931 to form the New Party, but <mask> refused to defect and instead announced that he had no intention of leaving the Labour Party. By 1932, Mosley's New Party had migrated from the left over to the far-right of British politics and was rebranded as the British Union of Fascists. <mask>'s past association with Mosley would be used against him in subsequent years by his political rivals.He married fellow Socialist MP Jennie Lee in 1934, after they met in London. Described as "more left-wing than Nye", Lee became a considerable influence on Bevan's political career. They were early supporters of the socialists in the Spanish Civil War, and Bevan visited the country in 1938. In 1936 he joined the board of the new socialist newspaper Tribune. His agitations for a united socialist front of all parties of the left (including the Communist Party of Great Britain) led to his brief expulsion from the Labour Party from March to November 1939 (along with Stafford Cripps, C. P. Trevelyan and three others). Bevan and Cripps had previously been threatened with disciplinary action by the party for sharing a stage with a Communist speaker, and all party members were threatened with expulsion if they were associated with the Popular Front. Bevan and another expelled MP, George Strauss, appealed against the decision.<mask> was readmitted to the party on 20 December 1939, after agreeing "to refrain from conducting or taking part in campaigns in opposition to the declared policy of the Party". He strongly criticised the British government's rearmament plans in the face of the rise of Hitler's Germany, saying to the Labour conference in autumn 1937:
If the immediate international situation is used as an excuse to get us to drop our opposition to the rearmament programme of the Government, the next phase must be that we must desist from any industrial or political action that may disturb national unity in the face of Fascist aggression. Along that road is endless retreat, and at the end of it a voluntary totalitarian State with ourselves erecting the barbed wire around. You cannot collaborate, you cannot accept the logic of collaboration on a first class issue like rearmament, and at the same time evade the implications of collaboration all along the line when the occasion demands it. His opposition to the Labour leadership's approach was partly based on his view that the leadership of the Labour Party was not demanding assurances from the Government on its foreign policy as a price for the party's support for re-armament as expressed in his speech to the Bournemouth Conference of that year: ...we should say to the country we are prepared to make whatever sacrifices are necessary, to give whatever arms are necessary to fight Fascist powers and in order to consolidate world peace... The Labour conference voted to drop its opposition to rearmament. When Winston Churchill said that the Labour Party should refrain from giving Hitler the impression that Britain was divided, Bevan rejected this as sinister: The fear of Hitler is to be used to frighten the workers of Britain into silence.In short Hitler is to rule Britain by proxy. If we accept the contention that the common enemy is Hitler and not the British capitalist class, then certainly Churchill is right. But it means abandonment of the class struggle and the subservience of the British workers to their own employers. Opposition to the war-time government
By March 1938, <mask> was writing in Tribune that Churchill's warnings about German intentions for Czechoslovakia were "a diapason of majestic harmony" compared to Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain's "thin, listless trickle". Bevan now called unsuccessfully for a Popular Front against fascism under the leadership of the Labour Party, including even anti-fascist Tories. When the government introduced voluntary national service in December 1938, Bevan argued that Labour should demand the nationalisation of the armaments industry, support the democratic government of Spain and sign an Anglo-Soviet pact in return for its support. When Labour supported the government's scheme with no such conditions, Bevan denounced Labour for imploring the people on recruiting platforms to put themselves under the leadership of their opponents.The Military Training Act 1939 reintroduced conscription six months later, and Bevan joined the rest of the Labour Party in opposing it, calling it "the complete abandonment of any hope of a successful struggle against the weight of wealth in Great Britain". He emphasised that the government had no arguments to persuade young men to fight "except merely in another squalid attempt to defend themselves against the redistribution of international swag". In August 1939 came the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, a non-aggression pact between the Nazi and Russian governments that shocked democratic governments around the world. In Parliament, Bevan argued that this was the logical outcome of the government's foreign policy. He wanted the war to be not just a fight against fascism but a war for socialism. Bevan was relieved that the country had united against Nazi Germany in the fight against fascism to provide a common enemy away from the working class. He was a strong critic of Chamberlain, arguing that his old rival Winston Churchill should become prime minister.During the Second World War he was one of the main leaders of the left in the Commons, opposing the wartime Coalition government. Bevan opposed the heavy censorship imposed on radio and newspapers and wartime Defence Regulation 18B, which gave the Home Secretary the powers to intern citizens. Bevan called for the nationalisation of the coal industry and advocated the opening of a Second Front in Western Europe to help the Soviet Union in its fight with Germany. In one of his most noted speeches made against Churchill, he railed that the prime minister "wins debate after debate and loses battle after battle". Churchill would later label Bevan "a squalid nuisance". Churchill was a frequent target of <mask>'s, who already held a dislike of him following his intervention in the Tonypandy riots and the 1926 United Kingdom general strike which Bevan considered heavy handed. Bevan believed that the key to the war was the involvement of Russia and considered Churchill was too focused on the intervention of the United States.Bevan also feared that allowing Churchill to continue unopposed and unchallenged in Parliament during the war would leave him almost unbeatable for the Labour Party in future elections. Historian Max Hastings described Bevan's role in Parliament during the war as "his figures were accurate but his scorn was at odds with the spirit of the moment—full of gratitude, as was the prime minister". His fierce opposition made him unpopular with some portions of the public at the time, his wife later described how the couple would frequently receive parcels filled with excrement at their home. Bevan was critical of the leadership of the British Army, which he felt was class bound and inflexible. After General Neil Ritchie's retreat across Cyrenaica early in 1942 and his disastrous defeat by General Erwin Rommel at Gazala, Bevan made one of his most memorable speeches in the Commons in support of a motion of censure against the Churchill government. "The Prime Minister must realise that in this country there is a taunt on everyone's lips that if Rommel had been in the British Army he would still have been a sergeant ... There is a man in the British Army who flung 150,000 men across the Ebro in Spain, Michael Dunbar.He is at present a sergeant ... He was Chief of Staff in Spain, he won the Battle of the Ebro, and he is a sergeant." Dunbar had been recommended for a commission, but rejected it himself to remain with his unit. Bevan was subject to further disciplinary action in 1944, when he deliberately voted against Labour's stance on new defence regulations. He also voiced criticism of trade union leaders, which drew complaints from both the Miners' Federation and the Trades Union Congress. An administrative committee voted 71 to 60 in favour of retaining Bevan as an MP, although it was announced that party discipline was to be strengthened in future. He believed that the Second World War would give Britain the opportunity to create "a new society".He often quoted an 1855 passage from Karl Marx that was published in The New York Times in 1865: "The redeeming feature of war is that it puts a nation to the test. As exposure to the atmosphere reduces all mummies to instant dissolution, so war passes supreme judgment upon social systems that have outlived their vitality." At the beginning of the 1945 general election campaign, Bevan told his audience that his goal was to eliminate any opposition to the Labour programme: "We have been the dreamers, we have been the sufferers, now we are the builders. We enter this campaign at this general election, not merely to get rid of the Tory majority. We want the complete political extinction of the Tory Party, and twenty-five years of Labour Government." Government
The 1945 general election resulted in a landslide victory for the Labour Party, giving it a large enough majority to allow the implementation of the party's manifesto commitments and to introduce a programme of far-reaching social reforms, that were collectively dubbed the "Welfare State". These reforms were achieved in the face of great financial difficulty following the war.The new Prime Minister, Clement Attlee, appointed Bevan as Minister of Health, with a remit that also covered housing. Thus, the responsibility for instituting a new and comprehensive National Health Service, as well as tackling the country's severe post-war housing shortage, was given to Bevan, the youngest member of Attlee's Cabinet in his first ministerial position at the age of 47. Although described in The Times as "an outstanding back-bench critic" and "one of (Labour's) most brilliant members in debate", his appointment was regarded as a relative surprise, given his previous disciplinary issues. Bevan had clashed frequently with Attlee during his time as an MP, believing that the Labour leader failed to apply enough pressure on the Tory government during the war. He had also seen disputes with some of Attlee's closest allies, Ernest Bevin and Herbert Morrison, who were appointed Foreign Secretary and Leader of the House respectively. However, Attlee commented that Bevan was "starting with me with a clean sheet" following his appointment. Bevan tested this newfound solidarity early on by arriving to a royal banquet at St James's Palace wearing a navy lounge suit.He earnt a rebuke from Attlee, but Bevan contended that his Welsh mining constituency did not send him to Parliament to "dress up", and he declined to wear formal attire at further Buckingham Palace functions. Minister of Health (1945–1951)
The free National Health Service was paid for directly through public money. <mask> had been inspired by the Tredegar Medical Aid Society in his hometown, where residents would pay a subscription that would fund access for all of the town's inhabitants to have free access to medical services such as nursing or dental care. This system proved so popular that 20,000 people supported the organisation during the 1930s. In 1947, Bevan stated "All I am doing is extending to the entire population of Britain the benefits we had in Tredegar for a generation or more. We are going to Tredegar-ise you." Government income was increased for the welfare state expenditure by a large increase in marginal tax rates for wealthy business owners in particular, as part of what the Labour government largely saw as the redistribution of the wealth created by the working-class from the owners of large-scale industry to the workers.Having been a member of the Cottage Hospital Management Committee around 1928 and serving as chairman in 1929–30, <mask> had received an insight into the management of health services by local authorities, which proved to be a bedrock of his work in founding the National Health Service. On the 'appointed day', 5 July 1948, <mask>'s National Health Service Act 1946 came into force. On the day, <mask> attended a ceremony at the Park Hospital, Trafford (now Trafford General), at which he symbolically received the keys to the hospital. The scheme was achieved having overcome political opposition from both the Conservative Party and from within his own party. Confrontation with the British Medical Association (BMA) was led by Charles Hill, who published a letter in the British Medical Journal describing Bevan as "a complete and uncontrolled dictator". Members of the BMA had dubbed him the "Tito of Tonypandy". They threatened to derail the National Health Service scheme before it had even begun, as medical practitioners continued to withhold their support just months before the launch of the service.After eighteen months of ongoing dispute between the Ministry of Health and the BMA, Bevan finally managed to win over the support of the vast majority of the medical profession by offering a couple of minor concessions, including allowing consultants to keep their own private practices, but without compromising the fundamental principles of his National Health Service proposals. At a dinner in late 1955 or early 1956 to celebrate the publication of the Guillebaud Report into NHS costs Bevan remarked to Julian Tudor Hart "ultimately I had to stuff their mouths with gold" about his handling of the consultants. This is often quoted as "I stuffed their mouths with gold". Some 2,688 voluntary and municipal hospitals in England and Wales were nationalised and came under Bevan's supervisory control as Health Minister. Two of the key elements of Bevan's proposals were this nationalisation of the hospital services and the abolition of the sale and purchase of goodwill by general practitioners. The former aimed to provide a uniform standard of consultant led care and expertise throughout the country and to replace the patchwork of voluntary and municipal hospitals which existed at that point. The latter – sale and purchase of goodwill – often placed new entrants to the GP profession under large amounts of debt.Along with this, the Medical Practices Committee was to oversee the distribution of GP practices – a proposal which the previous Coalition Minister had withdrawn after opposition from the British Medical Association. Bevan said:
Conservative opposition of the National Health Service scheme feared that the sudden access to free health care would be overrun. In its early stages this proved true, as the service went vastly over budget in its inaugural year, and Attlee was forced to make a radio address to the nation in an attempt to limit the strain on the system. Bevan countered that the initial overspending was down to years of underinvestment in the British medical system prior to the Second World War: by the start of the 1950s, the early overspending had come to an end. Housing reform
When Bevan was made a minister in 1945, he envisaged the social housing sector as a housing service similar to the National Health Service, ensuring that everyone had access to decent and affordable homes, with people still having the option to live in owner occupation or the private sector if they so chose (with grants made available to owner-occupiers and private landlords to bring dwellings up to decent standards). The removal of the criteria of "working class" from local authority housing provision was seen as a first step, widening access to the council housing that was becoming an ever larger part of the UK housing stock and which made up a majority of new homes built after the war. The aim was to create new homes and communities with a place for all sections of society :
Substantial bombing damage, with over 700,000 homes needing repair in London alone, and the continued existence of pre-war slums in many parts of the country made the task of housing reform particularly challenging for Bevan.Indeed, these factors, exacerbated by post-war restrictions on the availability of building materials and skilled labour, collectively served to limit Bevan's achievements in this area. Bevan was also limited due to his desire for new homes to be bigger and of better quality than the ones they were being built to replace, based on the recommendations of a 1943 report by the Dudley Committee, and a shortage of skilled workers to undertake the work. 1946 saw the completion of 55,600 new homes; this rose to 139,600 in 1947 and 227,600 in 1948. While this was not an insignificant achievement: the 850,000 homes built in the four years immediately after the war ended was the biggest housing programme ever introduced, Bevan's rate of house-building was seen as less of an achievement than that of his Conservative (indirect) successor, Harold Macmillan, who was able to complete some 300,000 new homes a year as Minister for Housing in the 1950s. These numbers were reached by lowering the quality standards originally put forward by Bevan, with council houses featuring gardens being largely dropped in favour of tower blocks and flats. Macmillan was also able to concentrate full-time on the housing crisis, instead of being obliged, like Bevan, to combine his housing portfolio with that for Health (which for Bevan took the higher priority: he once stated tongue-in-cheek that he devoted "five minutes a week to housing"). At a party rally in 1948, during a speech, Bevan stated: "That is why no amount of cajolery, and no attempts at ethical or social seduction, can eradicate from my heart a deep burning hatred for the Tory Party that inflicted those bitter experiences on me.So far as I am concerned they are lower than vermin. They condemned millions of first-class people to semi-starvation." The comment inspired the creation of the Vermin Club by angry Conservatives, who attacked Bevan for years for the metaphor. Labour Party deputy leader Herbert Morrison complained that Bevan's attack had backfired, for his words "did much more to make the Tories work and vote ... than Conservative Central Office could have done". It was later claimed that his words had cost Labour more than two million votes. In 1951, with the retirement of Ernest Bevin, Bevan was a leading candidate for Foreign Secretary. Prime Minister Attlee rejected Bevan in favour of Herbert Morrison because he distrusted Bevan's personality.In his biography of Bevan, John Campbell wrote, "<mask>'s impetuous temperament, undiplomatic tone and reputation as an extreme left-winger combined to make the Foreign Office seem the last place a prudent Prime Minister would think of putting him at any time. His "vermin" speech still resonated: imagination shuddered at a repetition of that on the international stage." Minister of Labour and National Service (1951)
<mask> was instead appointed Minister of Labour in January 1951 in place of George Isaacs. The move was seen by some as a sideways or backwards step, although a potential rearmament program was expected to make the post of future importance. During his tenure, he helped to secure a deal for railwaymen which provided them with a significant pay increase. However, three months after his appointment, Hugh Gaitskell introduced a proposal of prescription charges for dental care and spectacles—created to save a potential £25m to meet the financial demands imposed by the Korean War. An infuriated Bevan stated that he would never be a member of a government that imposed charges on the National Health Service.The Labour MP David Marquand has stated that the savings were introduced by Gaitskell simply to "impose his will" upon Bevan who he saw as a political rival. Bevan resigned from his position two weeks later, stating both the proposed changes and the increase in military expenditure that necessitated the need for such proposals. Two other ministers, John Freeman and Harold Wilson, resigned at the same time. Bevan received unanimous support for his actions from his local Labour constituency leaders. Later the same year, the Labour Party were defeated at the general election. After Bevan left the Health ministry in 1951 he could never regain his level of success and feuded with fellow Labour leaders, using his strong political base as a weapon. Historian Kenneth O. Morgan says, "Bevan alone kept the flag of left-wing socialism aloft throughout—which gave him a matchless authority amongst the constituency parties and in party conference".Opposition
<mask>'s last decade saw his political position weaken year by year as he failed to find a winning issue that would make use of his skills. In 1952 <mask> published In Place of Fear, "the most widely read socialist book" of the period, according to a highly critical right-wing Labour MP Anthony Crosland. According to The Times Literary Supplement, the book was a "dithyramb with meanderings into the many side-tracks of Mr <mask>'s private and public experience". In the opening page of the book, Bevan begins: "A young miner in a South Wales colliery, my concern was with the one practical question: Where does power lie in this particular state of Great Britain, and how can it be attained by the workers?" In March 1952, a poorly prepared <mask> came off the worse in an evening Commons debate on health with Conservative backbencher Iain Macleod, whose performance led Churchill to appoint him as Minister of Health some six weeks after the debate. Out of office, Bevan soon exacerbated the split within the Labour Party between the right and the left. For the next five years, he was the leader of the left wing of the Labour Party, who became known as Bevanites.They criticised high defence expenditure (especially for nuclear weapons), called for better relations with the Soviet Union, and opposed the party leader, Clement Attlee, on most issues. According to Richard Crossman, Bevan hated "the in-fighting which you have to do in politics.... He wasn't cut out to be a leader, he was cut out to be a prophet". In April 1954, Bevan resigned from the Labour parliamentary committee, having been rebuked by Attlee after accusing the Labour leader of surrendering to American pressure over a proposed multi-national defence organisation in Asia and the Pacific. He later said that he had resigned his position to "call attention to the fact that their movement was in grave crisis", and stated his belief that he would be have been party chairman by the following year if he had remained. In July of the same year, <mask> announced his intention to stand for election as the Treasurer of the Labour Party against Hugh Gaitskell. His nomination received a severe blow on the same day it was announced, when two unions that traditionally sided with the left, the National Union of Mineworkers and the Amalgamated Engineering Union, pledged their support for his opponent.Although unsuccessful in his bid, he did celebrate 25 years as the MP for Ebbw Vale. In March 1955, when Britain was preparing for Operation Grapple, the testing of its first hydrogen bomb, Bevan led a revolt of 57 Labour MPs and abstained on a key vote. The Parliamentary Labour Party voted 141 to 113 to withdraw the whip from him, but it was restored within a month, due to his popularity. After the 1955 general election, Attlee retired as Labour leader. <mask> contested the leadership against both Morrison and Labour right-winger Gaitskell, but it was Gaitskell who emerged victorious with more than half of the ballots. <mask>'s remark that "I know the right kind of political Leader for the Labour Party is a kind of desiccated calculating machine" was assumed to refer to Gaitskell, although <mask> denied it (commenting upon Gaitskell's record as Chancellor of the Exchequer as having "proved" this). <mask> also failed in a bid to become deputy leader, losing out to Jim Griffiths.He instead stood again for the role of party treasurer and was duly elected, beating George Brown. Despite <mask>'s criticism of the new party leader, Gaitskell decided to appoint him as Shadow Colonial Secretary, and then Shadow Foreign Secretary in 1956. <mask> was as critical of the Egyptian President Colonel Nasser's seizure of the Suez Canal on 26 July 1956 as he was of the subsequent Anglo-French military response. He compared Nasser with Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves, from One Thousand and One Nights. He was a vocal critic of the Conservative government's actions in the Suez Crisis, noticeably delivering high-profile speeches at a protest rally in Trafalgar Square on 4 November 1956, and criticising the government's actions and arguments in the Commons on 5 December 1956. <mask> accused the government of a "policy of bankruptcy and despair", stating at the Trafalgar rally: We are stronger than Egypt but there are other countries stronger than us. Are we prepared to accept for ourselves the logic we are applying to Egypt?If nations more powerful than ourselves accept the absence of principle, the anarchistic attitude of Eden and launch bombs on London, what answer have we got, what complaint have we got? If we are going to appeal to force, if force is to be the arbiter to which we appeal, it would at least make common sense to try to make sure beforehand that we have got it, even if you accept that abysmal logic, that decadent point of view.We are in fact in the position today of having appealed to force in the case of a small nation, where if it is appealed to against us it will result in the destruction of Great Britain, not only as a nation, but as an island containing living men and women. Therefore I say to Anthony, I say to the British government, there is no count at all upon which they can be defended.They have besmirched the name of Britain. They have made us ashamed of the things of which formerly we were proud. They have offended against every principle of decency and there is only one way in which they can even begin to restore their tarnished reputation and that is to get out! Get out! Get out!Bevan dismayed many of his supporters when he suddenly reversed his opposition to nuclear weapons. Speaking at the 1957 Labour Party conference, he decried unilateral nuclear disarmament, saying "It would send a British Foreign Secretary naked into the conference-chamber". This statement is often misconstrued: <mask> argued that unilateralism would result in Britain's loss of allies, and one interpretation of his metaphor is that nakedness would come from the lack of allies, not the lack of weapons. According to the journalist Paul Routledge, Donald Bruce, a former MP and Parliamentary Private Secretary and adviser to Bevan, had told him that Bevan's shift on the disarmament issue was the result of discussions with the Soviet government, where they advised him to push for British retention of nuclear weapons so they could possibly be used as a bargaining chip in negotiations with the United States. In 1957, Bevan, Richard Crossman and the Labour Party's General Secretary Morgan Phillips sued The Spectator magazine for libel, after one of its writers described them as drinking heavily during an Italian Socialist Party conference. The article wrote that the three men:
...puzzled the Italians by their capacity to fill themselves like tanks with whisky and coffee... Although the Italians were never sure the British delegation were sober, they always attributed to them an immense political acumen.The three won their case, and obtained financial damages of £2,500 each. Crossman later acknowledged that they had perjured themselves to do so. <mask> was elected unopposed as Deputy Leader of the Labour Party in 1959, succeeding Griffiths. His last speech in the House of Commons, in the debate of 3 November 1959 on the Queen's Speech, referred to the difficulties of persuading the electorate to support a policy which would make them less well-off in the short term, but more prosperous in the long term. Death
Bevan had said "I would rather be kept alive in the efficient if cold altruism of a large hospital than expire in a gush of warm sympathy in a small one". He checked into the Royal Free Hospital in London on 27 December 1959 to undergo surgery for an ulcer, but malignant stomach cancer was discovered instead in a major operation two days later. After a lengthy period in hospital, on 14 February 1960 Bevan returned home and announced he would not be returning to politics in the near future, so as to be able to recuperate and plan an extended holiday.In May 1960 Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime Minister of India, while in England visited Bevan at his home in Asheridge Farm (where Bevan was a keen amateur farmer, keeping cattle and pigs). Bevan died in his sleep at 4.10pm on 6 July 1960, at the age of 62, at his home, Asheridge Farm, Chesham, Buckinghamshire. His remains were cremated at Gwent Crematorium in Croesyceiliog in a private family ceremony. An open-air service was held in his constituency of Ebbw Vale and was presided over by Donald Soper. Jennie Lee explained in a letter to Michael Foot that Bevan had specifically chosen to have a non-religious funeral and not a Christian service, because he was a firm humanist. In his 2014 biography, Nick Thomas-Symonds described "an outpouring of national mourning" that followed Bevan's death. The Daily Herald stated that some MPs were seen to be crying in Parliament and described how there was "sorrow at every street corner" in the South Wales Valleys.Harold Macmillan ended his Prime Minister's Questions session in Parliament two days after Bevan's death by paying tribute to the opposition MP, describing him as "a great personality and a great national figure". Macmillan noted that despite being a "controversial figure" during his career, Bevan's death had seen an outpouring of genuine "admiration and affection". Labour leader Hugh Gaitskell also paid tribute to his former shadow cabinet member and ended his speech by labelling Bevan as "one of the great men of our day". Legacy
Bevan's most significant legacy is the National Health Service. Bevan foresaw that it would always be the subject of public debate, warning that "This service must always be changing, growing and improving; it must always appear to be inadequate." But seven decades after it was founded, a 2013 opinion poll conducted on behalf of British Future found that the NHS was more popular than at its creation, and more popular than the monarchy, the BBC and the military. Bevan was particularly noted for his public speaking, being described by Robin Butler, Baron Butler of Brockwell, as "the greatest parliamentary speaker since Charles James Fox".Winston Churchill, the target of numerous diatribes from Bevan during his career, commented that Bevan was "one of the few members that I will sit still and listen to". <mask>'s reputation as a hard-line socialist typically preceded him: Sir William Douglas, who served as Bevan's deputy in the Ministry of Health, had initially stated that he would "never work with a man like that". However, by the end of his tenure, he had declared Bevan as "the best minister we have had". Clement Attlee expressed his support that Bevan should have been the leader of the Labour Party during his lifetime but was held back by his demeanour, stating "he wants to be two things simultaneously, rebel and official leader, and you can't be both". In 2015, Welsh actor Michael Sheen gave a speech in which he described Bevan as a mythical creature, stating, "He had cast-iron integrity and a raging passion". The Aneurin Bevan Memorial Stones were erected at the beginning of the Sirhowy Valley Walk with three smaller stones (representing three towns of his constituency Ebbw Vale, Rhymney and Tredegar) surrounding a larger stone representing Bevan. In 2002, Bevan was voted as the 45th greatest Briton of all time by the BBC public opinion poll, 100 Greatest Britons.The following year, <mask> was voted number one in the 100 Welsh Heroes poll, a response to find the public's favourite Welsh people of all time. Numerous institutions bear <mask>'s name, including the Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, and Ysbyty Aneurin Bevan, a hospital located within his old Ebbw Vale constituency. Bibliography
Why Not Trust The Tories?, 1944. Published under the pseudonym 'Celticus'. The title was intended ironically. In Place of Fear, 1952. ()
Excerpts from <mask>'s speeches are included in Greg Rosen's book Old Labour to New : the dreams that inspired, the battles that divided (published by Methuen in 2005 ()).<mask>'s key speeches in the legislative arena are to be found in:
Peter J. Laugharne (ed. ), <mask> <mask> – A Parliamentary Odyssey: Volume I, Speeches at Westminster 1929–1944, Manutius Press, 1996. Peter J. Laugharne (ed. ), <mask> <mask> – A Parliamentary Odyssey: Volume II, Speeches at Westminster 1945–1960, Manutius Press, 2000. Peter J. Laugharne (ed. ), <mask> <mask> – A Parliamentary Odyssey: Volumes I and II, Speeches at Westminster 1929–1960, Manutius Press, 2004. See also
Bevanism
Political history of the United Kingdom (1945–present)
Attlee ministry
Notes
References
Further reading
Fairlie, Henry."Oratory in Political Life," History Today (Jan 1960) 10#1 pp 3–13. covers Bevan
External links
(large file)
<mask> <mask> and the foundation of the NHS: Socialist Health Association website
"Great speeches: <mask> <mask>", The Guardian, featuring full audio of <mask>'s speech at the 4 November 1956 Trafalgar Square rally against British action in Suez. (unindexed)
<mask> Bevan at British Pathe
Images of Bevan at the National Portrait Gallery
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Welsh socialists | [
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] | <mask>Nye" <mask> was a Welsh Labour Party politician. He was the son of a coal miner. He became involved in local union politics after leaving school at 13 and working as a miner. He railed against management when he was named head of the Miners' Lodge. He attended Central Labour College after joining the Labour Party. After being out of work for three years, he was hired as a union official and became a leader in the general strike. After winning a seat on the county council in 1928, <mask> was elected as the MP for Ebbw Vale the following year.He became a critic of politicians from all parties, including David Lloyd George. During the Second World War, he criticized the Conservative government. In Clement Attlee's new Labour government, after the war, Bevan became the youngest member of the cabinet at 47, with his remit also including housing. The National Health Service was established to provide medical care free of charge to all Britons regardless of wealth. The National Health Service Act was passed despite opposition from opposition parties and the British Medical Association. After two months in office, <mask> resigned as Minister of Labour after the Attlee government decided to transfer funds from the National Insurance Fund to pay for rearmament. His influence waned after his departure, although a left-wing group within the party became known as "Bevanites".A snap election was held six months after <mask>'s resignation, but Attlee continued to lead the Labour Party. When Attlee retired from the leadership in 1955, <mask> was appointed Shadow Foreign Secretary and Shadow Colonial Secretary. He held the post of deputy leader of the Labour Party for a year until his death from stomach cancer at the age of 62. An "out of national mourning" followed the death of <mask> in 1960. His contribution to the founding of the welfare state in the UK was credited as the reason why he was voted first in a list of 100 Welsh Heroes. An estimated 90 per cent of the town's inhabitants relied on the local mines for employment when <mask> <mask> was born in 1897. The town was located in the South Wales Valleys and was on the northern edge of the South Wales coalfield.He was the son of a coal miner and a seamstress. <mask> followed in his father's footsteps and started work in the mines at a young age, even though his family had originally hailed from Carmarthenshire. The first gas stove in the street, an inside toilet, and running hot water were added when the family moved to 7 Charles Street. His mother was a Methodist and his father a Baptist, both of which were nonconformists. After reading Robert Blatchford's writings, Bevan became a member of the Independent Labour Party and a supporter of the Liberal Party. He first rejected his chapel upbringing and became an unbeliever around this time. One of his poems won an inter-chapel eisteddfod.<mask>'s mother was also from Tredegar, but had English roots. John was a blacksmith who had moved from Hay-on-Wye to work in the Bedwellty mines. There were ten children, six boys and four girls, but four died in infancy and one died at the age of eight. Sirhowy Elementary School wasn't much of a success for <mask> Bevan. He was a lonely chap due to the need to shy away from the attention that came his way. At the age of 13, he worked as a butcher's boy at a local store. He worked at the butcher's for several months after leaving school.He made around ten shillings per week and most of it went to his parents. He studied Marxism at the meetings of the local league. He was the head of his local Miners' Lodge at the age of 19 and became a trade union activist after joining the South Wales Miners' Federation. He was arrested when he failed to report for duty after his sister burnt his papers. When he appeared in court, he was cleared when he showed that he had a neurological condition. Bevan was seen by his employer, the Tredegar Iron Company, as a troublemaker because he became a well-known local orator. The colliery manager had an excuse to dismiss him.The company was forced to re-employ him after the case was judged to be one of victimisation by the Miners' Federation. After a disagreement with the site's deputy manager over Bevan reporting information to the miner's inspector, he and Billy were forced to move back to Ty-Tryst. The pair went to work at the colliey, but fell foul of management when Bevan refused to use cheaper second-hand timber. He was moved to Pochin due to the poor site conditions after being fired for refusing to unload. In 1919, <mask> was selected as one of four Labour delegates to contest the West Ward in the Tredegar Urban District election. He won a scholarship to the Central Labour College in London after gaining attention from his peers. He studied economics, politics and history there.He was a follower of Noah Ablett and read Marxism at the college. Reciting long passages by William Morris with the help of an elocution tutor, Bevan gradually began to overcome his stutter. At a time when a number of his peers from South Wales were also students at the College, Bevan stayed there until 1921. The College's influence on his political development has been questioned. He was not one of the most dedicated students and found it difficult to follow an organised routine. Billy and Walter were two of the founding members of the "Query Club". "If you can't say it, you don't know it" was the advice given by a local miner to a man with a stutter."Conway's words were the best advice I ever had", said Bevan, who often practised his speeches to his friends to perfect his speech and wording. The club started in 1920 or 1921. Every week they would collect money for any member who needed it. The club wanted to break the hold on the town that the Iron and Coal Company had on it. He was refused re-employment by the Tredegar Iron and Coal Company after returning home in 1921. Bevan fought a group of miners who refused to strike over his rejection. He did not find a job until 1924 and his employer closed down ten months later.After another year of unemployment, his unemployment benefit was stopped because of his sister's income and his father's sick pay. In February 1925, his father died of pneumoconiosis, an illness caused by the inhalation of coal dust. He worked as a paid union official. The members of the local Miners' Lodge paid his wage. He was able to head the local miners against the colliery companies during the General Strike because of his new job. One of the leaders of the South Wales miners was Bevan. The miners were on strike for six months.The Council of Action, an organisation that helped to raise money and provide food for the miners, was formed by Bevan. In 1928, Bevan won a seat on the county council. He lost the seat in 1931, but regained it in 1932. He held the seat at the 1929 General Election after being picked as the Labour Party candidate for Ebbw Vale. The Liberal candidate William Griffiths received 8,000 votes, but Bevan received 20,000. The House of Commons was described as a shrine to "the most conservative of all religions" by Bevan. He became known as a harsh critic of those opposed to the working man and woman.His targets included the Conservatives and the Liberal David Lloyd George, as well as Ramsay MacDonald and Margaret Bondfield from his own Labour party. He was one of the few Labour MPs who were not challenged in the 1931 General Election, and the support from his constituency grew through the 1930s and the Great Depression. After entering Parliament, he was attracted to the arguments of the Labour Party's Oswald Mosley, who was one of the 17 signatories of the Memorandum in the context of the MacDonald government's repeated economic crises, including the doubling of unemployment levels. In January 1931, <mask> wrote a letter to the government, raising concerns over the government's failure to deal with unemployment. After breaking from the Labour Party to form the New Party, <mask> announced that he had no intention of leaving the Labour Party. The British Union of Fascists was formed after the New Party migrated from the left to the right. Bevan would be used against him in the future by his political rivals.They met in London and married in 1934. Lee's influence on Bevan's political career was described as more left-wing than Nye. They supported the socialists in the Spanish Civil War and visited the country in 1938. He joined the board of the Tribune in 1936. He was kicked out of the Labour Party from March to November 1939 due to his actions for a united socialist front. If they were associated with the Popular Front, all party members were threatened with expulsion for sharing a stage with a Communist speaker. They appealed against the decision.After agreeing to refrain from conducting or taking part in campaigns in opposition to the declared policy of the Party, <mask> was readmitted to the party on December 20, 1939. In the autumn of 1937, he told the Labour conference that the British government's rearmament plans should be dropped because of the rise of Hitler's Germany. At the end of that road is a voluntary totalitarian State with ourselves putting barbed wire around. You cannot collaborate, you cannot accept the logic of collaboration on a first class issue like rearmament, and at the same time evade the implications of collaboration all along the line when the occasion demands it. His opposition to the Labour leadership's approach was partly based on his view that the leadership of the Labour Party was not demanding assurances from the Government on its foreign policy as a price for the party's support for re-armament as expressed in his speech to the Bournemouth Conference of that The opposition to rearmament was dropped by the Labour conference. The fear of Hitler is to be used to frighten the workers of Britain, according to Bevan.Hitler is going to rule Britain by proxy. We should accept the contention that the common enemy is Hitler and not the British capitalist class. The abandonment of the class struggle and the subservience of the British workers to their employers is what it means. In March of 1938, <mask> wrote in Tribune that the warnings about German intentions for Czechoslovakia were "a diapason of majestic harmony" compared to the "thin, listless trickle" of the government. Under the leadership of the Labour Party, Bevan called for a Popular Front against fascists. In December of 1938, when voluntary national service was introduced, Bevan argued that Labour should demand the nationalisation of the armaments industry, support the democratic government of Spain and sign an Anglo-Soviet pact in return for its support. When Labour supported the government's scheme, they were denounced for imploring the people to put themselves under the leadership of their opponents.The Military Training Act 1939 reintroduced conscription six months later, and Bevan joined the rest of the Labour Party in opposing it, calling it "the complete abandonment of any hope of a successful struggle against the weight of wealth in Great Britain". He said that the government had no arguments to convince young men to fight, except to defend themselves against the redistribution of international wealth. The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, a non-aggression pact between the Nazi and Russian governments, shocked democratic governments around the world. The logical outcome of the government's foreign policy was argued by Bevan in Parliament. He wanted the war to be about socialism. The country united against Nazi Germany in order to provide a common enemy away from the working class. He argued that he should become prime minister.He was a leader of the left in the Commons during the Second World War. The Defence Regulation 18B gave the Home Secretary the power to intern citizens, which was opposed by Bevan. The opening of a Second Front in Western Europe to help the Soviet Union in its fight with Germany was advocated by Bevan. He railed against the prime minister in one of his speeches, saying that he lost battle after battle. Bevan was later labeled a squalid nuisance. After his intervention in the Tonypandy riots and the United Kingdom general strike, which he considered heavy handed, Bevan held a dislike for him. The key to the war, according to Bevan, was the involvement of Russia, which he thought was too focused on the intervention of the United States.During the war, it was feared that allowing Churchill to continue in Parliament would make him unbeatable for the Labour Party in future elections. Historian Max Hastings described <mask>'s role in Parliament during the war as "his figures were accurate but his disdain was at odds with the spirit of the moment, as was the prime minister". His fierce opposition made him unpopular with some of the public at the time, and his wife later described how the couple would frequently receive parcels filled with excrement at their home. He felt that the leadership of the British Army was inflexible and class bound. One of the most memorable speeches in the Commons was made by Bevan in support of a motion of censure against the government. Everyone in this country knows that if Rommel had been in the British Army, he would have been a sergeant. There is a man in the British Army who threw 150,000 men across the Ebro in Spain.He is a sergeant. He was the Chief of Staff in Spain, he won the Battle of the Ebro, and he is a sergeant. He refused to remain with his unit after being recommended for a commission. In 1944, he was reprimanded for voting against Labour's stance on new defence regulations. Both the Miners' Federation and the Trades Union Congress complained about his criticism of trade union leaders. It was announced that party discipline would be strengthened in the future, but an administrative committee voted 71 to 60 in favor of retaining Bevan as an MP. He believed that the Second World War would allow Britain to create a new society."The redeeming feature of war is that it puts a nation to the test," was a quote from Karl Marx that was published in The New York Times in 1865. War passes supreme judgement on social systems that have outlived their usefulness as exposure to the atmosphere reduces mummies to instant dissolution. At the beginning of the 1945 general election campaign, Bevan told his audience that his goal was to eliminate any opposition to the Labour programme. We enter this campaign to win the election, not to get rid of the Conservatives. The complete political extinction of the Conservative Party and the Labour Government is what we want. The 1945 general election gave the Labour Party a large enough majority to allow the implementation of the party's manifesto commitments and to introduce a programme of far-reaching social reforms that were collectively dubbed the "Welfare State". The reforms were done in the face of financial difficulties.Bevan was appointed Minister of Health by the new Prime Minister, Clement Attlee. Bevan, the youngest member of Attlee's Cabinet at the age of 47, was given responsibility for instituting a new and comprehensive National Health Service as well as tackling the country's severe post-war housing shortage. He was described in The Times as an outstanding back-bench critic and one of Labour's most brilliant members in debate, but his previous issues made his appointment a bit of a surprise. During his time as an MP, Bevan clashed with Attlee because he believed that the Labour leader failed to apply enough pressure on the government. Ernest Bevin and Herbert Morrison were both appointed Foreign Secretary and Leader of the House by Attlee. Following his appointment, Attlee commented that he was starting with a clean sheet. Bevan wore a navy lounge suit to the banquet at St James's Palace.He was rebuked by Attlee because he claimed that his Welsh mining constituency did not send him to Parliament to dress up. The National Health Service was paid for with public money. In his hometown, the residents would pay a subscription to the Medical Aid Society in order to have free access to medical services such as nursing or dental care. 20,000 people supported the organisation because of this system. In 1947, Bevan stated "All I am doing is extending to the entire population of Britain the benefits we had in Tredegar for a generation or more." We are going to get you. Government income was increased for the welfare state expenditure by a large increase in marginal tax rates for wealthy business owners in particular, as part of what the Labour government largely saw as the redistribution of the wealth created by the working-class from the owners of large-scale industry to the workers.Bevan received an insight into the management of health services by local authorities when he was a member of the Cottage Hospital Management Committee, which DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch On July 5, 1948, the National Health Service Act came into force. He received the keys to the hospital at a ceremony on the day. The scheme was achieved despite opposition from both the Conservative Party and his own party. Charles Hill published a letter in the British Medical Journal describing <mask> as a complete and uncontrollable dictator. He was dubbed the "Tito of Tonypandy" by members of the BMA. They threatened to derail the National Health Service scheme before it had even begun, as medical practitioners continued to refuse their support just months before the launch of the service.After eighteen months of ongoing dispute between the Ministry of Health and the BMA, Bevan finally managed to win over the support of the vast majority of the medical profession by offering a couple of minor concessions, including allowing consultants to keep their own private practices, but without compromising the fundamental principles of his At a dinner in late 1955 or early 1956 to celebrate the publication of the Guillebaud Report into NHS costs, Bevan remarked to Julian Tudor Hart "ultimately I had to stuff their mouths with gold" about his handling of the consultants." This is often referred to as "I stuffed their mouths with gold". 2,688 voluntary and municipal hospitals in England and Wales were nationalised by the Health Minister. The abolition of the sale and purchase of goodwill by general practitioners was one of the key elements of Bevan's proposals. To replace the patchwork of voluntary and municipal hospitals which existed at that point, the former wanted to provide a uniform standard of consultant led care and expertise throughout the country. New entrants to the GP profession were often placed under large amounts of debt due to the sale and purchase of goodwill.The distribution of GP practices was to be overseen by the Medical Practices Committee, but this proposal was withdrawn after opposition from the British Medical Association. The Conservatives were worried that the access to free health care would be overrun. In its first year, the service went over budget and Attlee had to make a radio address to the nation to limit the strain on the system. By the start of the 1950s, the overspending had come to an end due to years of under investment in the British medical system. When he became a minister in 1945, he wanted the social housing sector to be like the National Health Service, with everyone having access to decent and affordable homes, and people still having the option to live in owner occupation or the private sector if they so choose. The removal of the criteria of "working class" from local authority housing provision was seen as a first step, widening access to the council housing that was becoming an ever larger part of the UK housing stock and which made up a majority of new homes built after the war. In order to create new homes and communities with a place for all sections of society, the task of housing reform was particularly challenging.Post-war restrictions on the availability of building materials and skilled labour resulted in limiting Bevan's achievements in this area. Based on the recommendations of a 1943 report by the Dudley Committee and a shortage of skilled workers, Bevan was limited due to his desire for new homes to be bigger and better quality than the ones they were being built to replace. The number of new homes completed rose from 55,600 in 1946 to 139,600 in 1947 and 227,600 in 1948. The 850,000 homes built in the four years immediately after the war was the biggest housing programme ever introduced, but the rate of house-building was seen as less of an achievement than that of Harold Macmillan. The numbers were reached by lowering the quality standards originally put forward by Bevan, with council houses featuring gardens being largely dropped in favour of tower blocks and flats. Instead of being obliged, like Bevan, to combine his housing portfolio with that for Health, Macmillan was able to concentrate full-time on the housing crisis. At a party rally in 1948, during a speech, Bevan stated: "That is why no amount of cajolery, and no attempts at ethical or social seduction, can eradicate from my heart a deep burning hatred for the Tory Party that inflicted those bitter experiences on me."They are lower than vermin. Millions of first-class people were condemned to semi-starvation. The Vermin Club was created by angry Conservatives because of the comment. Herbert Morrison, the deputy leader of the Labour Party, said that Bevan's attack had backfired because he did more to make the Conservatives work and vote than the central office could have done. It was claimed that his words cost Labour two million votes. With the retirement of Ernest Bevin, Bevan was a leading candidate for Foreign Secretary. Prime Minister Attlee distrusted Bevan's personality so he rejected him.John Campbell wrote that "<mask>'s impetuous temperament, undiplomatic tone and reputation as an extreme left-winger combined to make the Foreign Office seem the last place a prudent Prime Minister would think of putting him at any time." imagination shuddered at a repetition of his "vermin" speech on the international stage. The Minister of Labour and National Service in January 1951 was Bevan. Although a potential rearmament program was expected to make the post of future importance, the move was seen by some as a sideways or backwards step. He helped to get a pay increase for railwaymen. Three months after his appointment, Hugh Gaitskell introduced a proposal of prescription charges for dental care and glasses to save money. He wouldn't be a member of a government that imposed charges on the National Health Service.David Marquand stated that the savings were introduced by Gaitskell in order to impose his will upon Bevan who he saw as a political rival. Both the proposed changes and the increase in military expenditure necessitated the need for such proposals, which is why <mask> resigned from his position two weeks later. Two other ministers resigned at the same time. Local Labour constituency leaders gave unanimous support to <mask>'s actions. The Labour Party lost at the general election. After leaving the Health ministry in 1951, he feuded with fellow Labour leaders and used his political base as a weapon. Historian Kenneth O. Morgan says, "Bevan alone kept the flag of left-wing socialism aloft throughout, which gave him a matchless authority amongst the constituency parties and in party conference".The last decade saw the opposition's political position weaken as they failed to find a winning issue that would use their skills. In Place of Fear was published in 1952 and is said to be the most widely read socialist book of the period. The book was described by The Times Literary Supplement as a "dithyramb with meanderings into the many side-tracks of Mr <mask>'s private and public experience". A young miner in a South Wales colliery, my concern was with the one practical question: Where does power lie in this particular state of Great Britain, and how can it be attained by the workers? In March 1952, a poorly prepared <mask> came off the worse in an evening Commons debate on health with Iain Macleod, whose performance led to him being appointed Minister of Health. The Labour Party was split between the right and the left after <mask> left office. He was the leader of the left wing of the Labour Party for five years.They criticized high defence expenditure, called for better relations with the Soviet Union, and opposed the party leader on most issues. According to Richard Crossman, Bevan hated in-fighting in politics. He was cut out to be a leader and a prophet. In April 1954, <mask> resigned from the Labour parliamentary committee after accusing the Labour leader of surrendering to American pressure over a proposed multi-national defence organisation in Asia and the Pacific. He stated that he would have been party chairman by the following year if he had remained, after he resigned his position to "call attention to the fact that their movement was in grave crisis". In July of the same year, Bevan announced his intention to stand for election as the Labour Party's treasurer. The National Union of Mineworkers and the Amalgamated Engineering Union pledged their support for his opponent after he was nominated.He was the Member of Parliament for Ebbw Vale for 25 years. In 1955, when Britain was preparing for the testing of its first hydrogen bomb, Bevan led a revolt of 57 Labour MPs and abstained from a key vote. The Parliamentary Labour Party voted to withdraw the whip from him, but it was restored within a month due to his popularity. Attlee retired as Labour leader after the 1955 general election. Morrison was the one who emerged victorious with more than half of the votes. <mask>'s remark that "I know the right kind of political Leader for the Labour Party is a kind of desiccated calculating machine" was assumed to refer to Gaitskell, but he denied it. Jim Griffiths beat out <mask> for the position of deputy leader.He was elected as the party's treasurer, beating George Brown. The Shadow Foreign Secretary was appointed despite <mask>'s criticism of the new party leader. He was critical of the French military response to the Egyptian President's seizure of the canal. He compared Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves to Nasser. He was a vocal critic of the Conservative government's actions in the Suez Crisis, delivering high-profile speeches at a protest rally in Trafalgar Square on 4 November 1956, and criticising the government's actions and arguments in the Commons on 5 December 1956. "We are stronger than Egypt but there are other countries stronger than us," said <mask> at the Trafalgar rally. Can we accept the logic we are applying to Egypt?What complaint have we got if nations more powerful than ourselves accept the absence of principle and launch bombs on London? If we are going to appeal to force, if force is to be the arbiter to which we appeal, it would make sense to make sure that we have got it, even if you don't agree with that decadent point of view. I say to Anthony that there is no way that they can be defended. They have besmirched the name of Britain. They have made us feel bad about the things we were proud of. There is only one way in which they can begin to restore their reputation and that is to get out, because they have offended against every principle of decency. Get out, savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay Get out, savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesayMany of his supporters were dismayed when he reversed his opposition to nuclear weapons. He said at the 1957 Labour Party conference that it would send a British Foreign Secretary naked into the conference-chamber. One interpretation of his metaphor is that nakedness would come from the lack of allies, not the lack of weapons. According to the journalist Paul Routledge, Donald Bruce, a former MP and Parliamentary Private Secretary and adviser to <mask>, had told him that Bevan's shift on the disarmament issue was the result of discussions with the Soviet government, where they advised him to push for British retention of nuclear weapons. The Labour Party's General Secretary MorganPhillips and Richard Crossman sued The Spectator magazine for libel in 1957, after one of its writers described them as drinking heavily during an Italian Socialist Party conference. The Italians werepuzzled by their capacity to fill themselves like tanks with booze and coffee. The Italians always attributed the British delegation's political prowess to them.Financial damages of £2,500 were obtained by the three. Crossman admitted that they perjured themselves to do so. In 1959 <mask> was elected as the deputy leader of the Labour Party. The difficulties of persuading the electorate to support a policy which would make them less well-off in the short term, but more prosperous in the long term were referred to in his last speech in the House of Commons. Death Bevan said he would rather be kept alive in a large hospital than die in a small hospital. He checked into the Royal Free Hospital in London on December 27 1959 to have an operation for an ulcer, but two days later he was diagnosed with stomach cancer. On February 14, 1960, after a lengthy period in hospital, Bevan returned home and announced that he would not be returning to politics in the near future, so as to be able to recuperate and plan an extended holiday.Jawaharlal Nehru, the Prime Minister of India, visited Bevan at his home in England in May 1960. On 6 July 1960, at the age of 62, Bevan died in his sleep at his home in Chesham. His remains were cremated in a private ceremony. Donald Soper presided over an open-air service in his constituency. In a letter to Michael Foot, Jennie Lee explained that Bevan had chosen to have a non- religious funeral and not a Christian service. Nick Thomas-Symonds said in his biography that there was an "out of national mourning" after Bevan's death. There was "sorrow at every street corner" in the South Wales Valleys, according to the Daily Herald.The Prime Minister ended his Prime Minister's Questions session in Parliament two days after the death of Bevan, describing him as a great personality and a great national figure. Despite being a controversial figure during his career, Bevan's death saw a lot of genuine "admiration and affection". Hugh Gaitskell paid tribute to his former shadow cabinet member and ended his speech by calling him "one of the great men of our day". The National Health Service is the most significant legacy. "This service must always be changing, growing and improving; it must always appear to be inadequate," warned Bevan. According to an opinion poll conducted on behalf of British Future, the National Health Service was more popular than the monarchy and the military, seven decades after it was founded. He was described as the greatest parliamentary speaker since Charles James Fox.One of the few members that I will sit still and listen to is Bevan. Sir William Douglas, who served as <mask>'s deputy in the Ministry of Health, initially stated that he would never work with a man like that. He declared that Bevan was the best minister he had had. Clement Attlee believed that Bevan should have been the leader of the Labour Party during his lifetime, but was held back by his demeanor, stating "he wants to be two things simultaneously, rebel and official leader, and you can't be both". "He had cast-iron integrity and a raging passion, and he was a mythical creature," said Welsh actor Michael Sheen in a speech in 2015. At the beginning of the Sirhowy Valley Walk, there are three smaller stones that represent three towns of his constituency and a larger stone that represents him. According to the 100 Greatest Britons poll, <mask> was the 45th greatest Briton of all time.In the 100 Welsh Heroes poll, <mask> are both named after him. Why not trust the Tories? It was published under the name 'Celticus'. The title was intended as a joke. In Place of Fear was published in 1952. Excerpts from <mask>'s speeches are included in a book called Old Labour to New: the dreams that inspired, the battles that divided.Peter J. Laugharne is the author of the key speeches in the legislative arena. A Parliamentary Odyssey: Volume I, Speeches at Westminster 1929–1944 was published in 1996. Peter J. Laugharne is a writer. The second volume of A Parliamentary Odyssey: Volume II was published in 2000. Peter J. Laugharne is a writer. A Parliamentary Odyssey: Volumes I and II, Speeches at Westminster 1929–1960, was published in 2004. See also the political history of the United Kingdom."Oratory in Political Life" was published in History Today. The Socialist Health Association website features full audio of <mask> <mask>'s speech at the Trafalgar Square rally. There are images of <mask> <mask> at the National Portrait Gallery. | [
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13011882 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thadd%C3%A4us%20Haenke | Thaddäus Haenke | Thaddeus Xaverius Peregrinus Haenke (5 October 1761 – 4 November 1816) (; ) was a botanist who participated in the Malaspina Expedition, exploring a significant portion of the Pacific basin including the coasts of North and South America, Australia, the Philippines, New Zealand, and the Marianas. His collections of botanical specimens were the basis for the initial scientific descriptions of many plants in these regions, particularly South America and the Philippines. His extensive botanical work and far-ranging travel have prompted some to liken him to a "Bohemian Humboldt", named after Alexander von Humboldt, who made himself familiar with some of Haenke's findings before embarking on his journey to the Americas in 1799.
Biography
Haenke was born 5 October 1761 in the village of Kreibitz, Bohemia (now Chřibská, Czech Republic). His parents were Sudeten Germans and his father, Elias George Thomas Haenke, was a successful lawyer and farmer who also served as mayor. A keen observer of nature from childhood, Haenke pursued this interest throughout his education. He studied natural science and philosophy at the University of Prague where his mentor was Joseph Gottfried Mikan, the resident professor of botany. He served as an assistant to Mikan, helping care for the school's botanic gardens. Haenke received a doctorate in 1782, continued to study in Prague until 1786 and then became a student at the University of Vienna where he studied medicine and botany under Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin.
While still a student, Haenke made extensive botanical collections from what is now the Czech Republic; wrote a treatise on the botany of the Giant Mountains; edited an edition of Linnaeus' Genera Plantarum (published in 1791); and was awarded a silver medal from the Royal Czech Scientific Society. He was also an accomplished musician, a capable illustrator, and spoke five languages.
Malaspina expedition
By 1789 Haenke was a prominent young scholar whose name was put forward by Jacquin and Ignaz von Born when Spain was recruiting a scientific corps for the Malaspina expedition. Emperor Joseph II had met Haenke before and he approved the appointment. Thus Haenke became "Naturalist-Botánico de Su Magestad" for the expedition. A long, roundabout journey from Vienna brought Haenke to Cadiz on 30 July 1789, just hours after the two ships of the expedition, the Descubierta and Atrevida, had set sail.
Determined not to miss this opportunity, he took passage on another ship, intending to catch up with the expedition in Montevideo. This vessel was shipwrecked near his destination and Haenke was forced to swim for the shore, salvaging only his collecting equipment and his copy of Genera Plantarum. Again, he had just missed the expedition. After recuperating in Buenos Aires, he hired guides for a trek overland across the pampas and Andes, hoping to catch the expedition at Valparaiso. Along the way, Haenke managed to collect about 1400 plants, many of them new to science. Although his botanical work must have slowed them down, he managed to reach the coast in time to join Malaspina in April 1790.
From there Haenke continued with the expedition for the next three years, collecting plants and recording his observations on botany, zoology, geology, and ethnology. They initially traveled up the west coast of the Americas as far as Alaska, then returned south to Acapulco and crossed the Pacific to explore the Philippines, Australia, and New Zealand. At each port of call Haenke focused on botany with varying results. In Yakutat Bay, Alaska the plants he collected were disappointingly similar to those in Europe so he focused instead on Indian culture, especially music. In Nootka Sound he made the first scientific collection of plants from Canada. Their brief stay in California enabled Haenke to collect and catalog over 250 species, most notably he was the first scientist to collect the seeds and specimens of the coast redwood.
After crossing the Pacific, Haenke collected thousands of plants during their seven-month stay in the Philippines. Further collecting took place in Australia, New Zealand, and Tonga. In the summer of 1793 the expedition returned to Peru where Malaspina received orders to return home by way of Montevideo. Haenke was permitted to leave the ship with an assistant and cross overland to Buenos Aires with the intention of undertaking botanical and other scientific work along the way. Instead of rejoining the fleet again in the fall of 1794 as planned, Haenke became engrossed with the local botany and settled in Cochabamba, Bolivia to continue his scientific studies.
For the next quarter-century, Haenke continued his botanical exploration of Bolivia, Peru and Brazil. In 1801 he made one of his most memorable discoveries, the giant water lily, Victoria amazonica, with a six-foot wide lily pad. In addition, Haenke maintained his own botanic garden, owned a silver mine and served as the local physician in his adopted home town, Cochabamba. He is also credited with establishing the manufacture of saltpeter in Chile and helping to start the glass industry there.
Although he had always hoped to return to Europe, Haenke died unexpectedly in 1816 when he was accidentally poisoned by his maid.
Legacy
When Malaspina returned from his voyage he became embroiled in a dispute with Spain's minister, Manuel de Godoy, and was subsequently imprisoned for seven years. As a result, the official expedition report went unpublished for nearly a century, and many of the expedition's reports and findings were never released.
Haenke's botanical collections consisting of more than 15.000 specimens were found in Cadiz after his death. They were bought in 1821 by the Czech National Museum and transferred to Prague. The Czech botanist Carl Bořivoj Presl spent nearly 15 years producing the "Reliquiae Haenkeanae" (published from 1825 to 1835), a work based on Haenke's botanical specimens collected in the Americas and the Philippines and purchased in Cadiz. Six volumes were produced but ultimately the work remained unfinished due to a lack of funds.
Presl, Carl Bořivoj. Reliquiae Haenkeanae: seu descriptiones et icones plantarum, quas in America meridionali et boreali, in insulis Philippinis et Marianis collegit Thaddaeus Haenke. J.G. Calve, Prague, 1830.
Presl, Carl Bořivoj. Reliquiae Haenkeanae volume IHaenke Island and Haenke Glacier in Alaska are named in his honor. A small private museum, "Muzeum Tadeáše Haenkeho", was established at Haenke's birth home in Chřibská, Czech Republic.
Around 240 taxa carry his name, including:Alpinia haenkei C.PreslBerberis haenkeana Presl ex Schult. f.Bromus haenkeanus (J.Presl) Kunth, Carex haenkeana C.PreslCeratochloa haenkeana J.PreslHymenoxys haenkeana DC.Leptosolena haenkei C.PreslLobelia haenkeana A.DC.Loranthus haenkeanus Presl ex Schult.f.Mascagnia haenkeana W.R.AndersonPseudogynoxys haenkei (DC.) CabreraPteris haenkeana C.PreslSalvia haenkei Benth.Schinopsis haenkeana Engl.Waltheria haenkeana D.Dietr.
See also
European and American voyages of scientific exploration
Notes
References
English
Non-English
Kühnel, Josef: Thaddäus Haenke: Leben und Wirken eines Forschers. Munich: Lerche, 1960
Markstein, Heinz: Der sanfte Konquistador: die Geschichte des Thaddäus Xaverius Peregrinus Haenke. Stuttgart: Publ. Freies Geistesleben, 1991.
Renée Gicklhorn, Thaddäus Haenkes Reisen und Arbeiten in Südamerika. Wiesbaden: F. Steiner, 1966.
María Victoria Ibáñez Montoya, Trabajos cientificos y correspondencia de Tadeo Haenke, Ministerio de Defensa & Museo Naval, La Expedicion Malaspina, 1789–1794, Tomo 4, Madrid, Barcelona: Lunwerg Editores, 1992.
Renée Gicklhorn, "Neue Dokumente zum Beginn der Forschungsreisen von Thaddäus Haenke", Phyton 14 (1972), pp. 296–299.
Andreas Daum, Alexander von Humboldt. Munich: C.H. Beck (2019a).
Josef Haubelt, "Haenke, Born y Banks", Ibero-Americana Pragensia 4 (1970), pp. 179–197.
Victoria Ibañez and Robert J. King, "A Letter from Thaddeus Haenke to Sir Joseph Banks", Archives of Natural History'' 23 (1996), pp. 255–260.
External links
multilingual project « Mit Böhmen zum Meer: Thaddäus Haenke»
History of the Haenke-portrait by Vinzenz Grüner, discussing its use and modifications by nationalists
Vom Amazonas nach Leipzig und London
1761 births
1816 deaths
Cochabamba
Austrian botanists
People from Děčín District
Austrian explorers
Austrian geographers
Austrian people of German Bohemian descent | [
"Thaddeus Xaverius Peregrinus Haenke (5 October 1761 – 4 November 1816) (; ) was a botanist who participated in the Malaspina Expedition, exploring a significant portion of the Pacific basin including the coasts of North and South America, Australia, the Philippines, New Zealand, and the Marianas.",
"His collections of botanical specimens were the basis for the initial scientific descriptions of many plants in these regions, particularly South America and the Philippines.",
"His extensive botanical work and far-ranging travel have prompted some to liken him to a \"Bohemian Humboldt\", named after Alexander von Humboldt, who made himself familiar with some of Haenke's findings before embarking on his journey to the Americas in 1799.",
"Biography\n\nHaenke was born 5 October 1761 in the village of Kreibitz, Bohemia (now Chřibská, Czech Republic).",
"His parents were Sudeten Germans and his father, Elias George Thomas Haenke, was a successful lawyer and farmer who also served as mayor.",
"A keen observer of nature from childhood, Haenke pursued this interest throughout his education.",
"He studied natural science and philosophy at the University of Prague where his mentor was Joseph Gottfried Mikan, the resident professor of botany.",
"He served as an assistant to Mikan, helping care for the school's botanic gardens.",
"Haenke received a doctorate in 1782, continued to study in Prague until 1786 and then became a student at the University of Vienna where he studied medicine and botany under Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin.",
"While still a student, Haenke made extensive botanical collections from what is now the Czech Republic; wrote a treatise on the botany of the Giant Mountains; edited an edition of Linnaeus' Genera Plantarum (published in 1791); and was awarded a silver medal from the Royal Czech Scientific Society.",
"He was also an accomplished musician, a capable illustrator, and spoke five languages.",
"Malaspina expedition\n\nBy 1789 Haenke was a prominent young scholar whose name was put forward by Jacquin and Ignaz von Born when Spain was recruiting a scientific corps for the Malaspina expedition.",
"Emperor Joseph II had met Haenke before and he approved the appointment.",
"Thus Haenke became \"Naturalist-Botánico de Su Magestad\" for the expedition.",
"A long, roundabout journey from Vienna brought Haenke to Cadiz on 30 July 1789, just hours after the two ships of the expedition, the Descubierta and Atrevida, had set sail.",
"Determined not to miss this opportunity, he took passage on another ship, intending to catch up with the expedition in Montevideo.",
"This vessel was shipwrecked near his destination and Haenke was forced to swim for the shore, salvaging only his collecting equipment and his copy of Genera Plantarum.",
"Again, he had just missed the expedition.",
"After recuperating in Buenos Aires, he hired guides for a trek overland across the pampas and Andes, hoping to catch the expedition at Valparaiso.",
"Along the way, Haenke managed to collect about 1400 plants, many of them new to science.",
"Although his botanical work must have slowed them down, he managed to reach the coast in time to join Malaspina in April 1790.",
"From there Haenke continued with the expedition for the next three years, collecting plants and recording his observations on botany, zoology, geology, and ethnology.",
"They initially traveled up the west coast of the Americas as far as Alaska, then returned south to Acapulco and crossed the Pacific to explore the Philippines, Australia, and New Zealand.",
"At each port of call Haenke focused on botany with varying results.",
"In Yakutat Bay, Alaska the plants he collected were disappointingly similar to those in Europe so he focused instead on Indian culture, especially music.",
"In Nootka Sound he made the first scientific collection of plants from Canada.",
"Their brief stay in California enabled Haenke to collect and catalog over 250 species, most notably he was the first scientist to collect the seeds and specimens of the coast redwood.",
"After crossing the Pacific, Haenke collected thousands of plants during their seven-month stay in the Philippines.",
"Further collecting took place in Australia, New Zealand, and Tonga.",
"In the summer of 1793 the expedition returned to Peru where Malaspina received orders to return home by way of Montevideo.",
"Haenke was permitted to leave the ship with an assistant and cross overland to Buenos Aires with the intention of undertaking botanical and other scientific work along the way.",
"Instead of rejoining the fleet again in the fall of 1794 as planned, Haenke became engrossed with the local botany and settled in Cochabamba, Bolivia to continue his scientific studies.",
"For the next quarter-century, Haenke continued his botanical exploration of Bolivia, Peru and Brazil.",
"In 1801 he made one of his most memorable discoveries, the giant water lily, Victoria amazonica, with a six-foot wide lily pad.",
"In addition, Haenke maintained his own botanic garden, owned a silver mine and served as the local physician in his adopted home town, Cochabamba.",
"He is also credited with establishing the manufacture of saltpeter in Chile and helping to start the glass industry there.",
"Although he had always hoped to return to Europe, Haenke died unexpectedly in 1816 when he was accidentally poisoned by his maid.",
"Legacy\nWhen Malaspina returned from his voyage he became embroiled in a dispute with Spain's minister, Manuel de Godoy, and was subsequently imprisoned for seven years.",
"As a result, the official expedition report went unpublished for nearly a century, and many of the expedition's reports and findings were never released.",
"Haenke's botanical collections consisting of more than 15.000 specimens were found in Cadiz after his death.",
"They were bought in 1821 by the Czech National Museum and transferred to Prague.",
"The Czech botanist Carl Bořivoj Presl spent nearly 15 years producing the \"Reliquiae Haenkeanae\" (published from 1825 to 1835), a work based on Haenke's botanical specimens collected in the Americas and the Philippines and purchased in Cadiz.",
"Six volumes were produced but ultimately the work remained unfinished due to a lack of funds.",
"Presl, Carl Bořivoj.",
"Reliquiae Haenkeanae: seu descriptiones et icones plantarum, quas in America meridionali et boreali, in insulis Philippinis et Marianis collegit Thaddaeus Haenke.",
"J.G.",
"Calve, Prague, 1830.",
"Presl, Carl Bořivoj.",
"Reliquiae Haenkeanae volume IHaenke Island and Haenke Glacier in Alaska are named in his honor.",
"A small private museum, \"Muzeum Tadeáše Haenkeho\", was established at Haenke's birth home in Chřibská, Czech Republic.",
"Around 240 taxa carry his name, including:Alpinia haenkei C.PreslBerberis haenkeana Presl ex Schult.",
"f.Bromus haenkeanus (J.Presl) Kunth, Carex haenkeana C.PreslCeratochloa haenkeana J.PreslHymenoxys haenkeana DC.Leptosolena haenkei C.PreslLobelia haenkeana A.DC.Loranthus haenkeanus Presl ex Schult.f.Mascagnia haenkeana W.R.AndersonPseudogynoxys haenkei (DC.)",
"CabreraPteris haenkeana C.PreslSalvia haenkei Benth.Schinopsis haenkeana Engl.Waltheria haenkeana D.Dietr.",
"See also\n European and American voyages of scientific exploration\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n English \n\n \n\n Non-English \n Kühnel, Josef: Thaddäus Haenke: Leben und Wirken eines Forschers.",
"Munich: Lerche, 1960 \n Markstein, Heinz: Der sanfte Konquistador: die Geschichte des Thaddäus Xaverius Peregrinus Haenke.",
"Stuttgart: Publ.",
"Freies Geistesleben, 1991.",
"Renée Gicklhorn, Thaddäus Haenkes Reisen und Arbeiten in Südamerika.",
"Wiesbaden: F. Steiner, 1966.",
"María Victoria Ibáñez Montoya, Trabajos cientificos y correspondencia de Tadeo Haenke, Ministerio de Defensa & Museo Naval, La Expedicion Malaspina, 1789–1794, Tomo 4, Madrid, Barcelona: Lunwerg Editores, 1992.",
"Renée Gicklhorn, \"Neue Dokumente zum Beginn der Forschungsreisen von Thaddäus Haenke\", Phyton 14 (1972), pp.",
"296–299.",
"Andreas Daum, Alexander von Humboldt.",
"Munich: C.H.",
"Beck (2019a).",
"Josef Haubelt, \"Haenke, Born y Banks\", Ibero-Americana Pragensia 4 (1970), pp.",
"179–197.",
"Victoria Ibañez and Robert J.",
"King, \"A Letter from Thaddeus Haenke to Sir Joseph Banks\", Archives of Natural History'' 23 (1996), pp.",
"255–260.",
"External links \n multilingual project « Mit Böhmen zum Meer: Thaddäus Haenke»\n History of the Haenke-portrait by Vinzenz Grüner, discussing its use and modifications by nationalists\n Vom Amazonas nach Leipzig und London\n\n1761 births\n1816 deaths\nCochabamba\nAustrian botanists\nPeople from Děčín District\nAustrian explorers\nAustrian geographers\nAustrian people of German Bohemian descent"
] | [
"The Malaspina expedition explored a significant portion of the Pacific basin, including the coasts of North and South America, Australia, the Philippines, and New Zealand.",
"The first scientific descriptions of plants in South America and the Philippines were based on his collections of botanical specimen.",
"His extensive botanical work and far-ranging travel have prompted some to liken him to a \"Bohemian Humboldt\", named after Alexander von Humboldt, who made himself familiar with some of the findings before embarking on his journey to the Americas in 1799.",
"The village of Kreibitz is in the Czech Republic.",
"His parents were Sudeten Germans and his father was a successful lawyer and mayor.",
"He pursued his interest in nature throughout his education.",
"He studied natural science and philosophy at the University of Prague, where his mentor was the resident professor of botany.",
"He was an assistant to Mikan, helping care for the school's botanic gardens.",
"After graduating from the University of Vienna with a degree in 1782, he continued to study in the Czech Republic until 1786.",
"While still a student, he made extensive botanical collections from what is now the Czech Republic, wrote a treatise on the botany of the Giant Mountains, edited an edition of Linnaeus' Genera Plantarum, and was awarded a silver medal from the Royal Czech Scientific Society.",
"He was an accomplished musician, a capable illustrator, and spoke five languages.",
"The name of a prominent young scholar was put forward by Ignaz von Born when Spain was recruiting a scientific corps for the Malaspina expedition.",
"The appointment was approved by Emperor Joseph II.",
"\"Naturalist-Botnico de Su Magestad\" was the name of the expedition.",
"Just hours after the two ships of the expedition, the Descubierta and Atrevida, had set sail, a long, roundabout journey from Vienna brought Haenke to Cadiz.",
"He took passage on another ship so that he could catch up with the expedition.",
"He was forced to swim for the shore after the vessel he was on was wrecked near his destination.",
"He missed the expedition again.",
"He hired guides for an overland trek across the pampas and Andes in order to catch the expedition at Valparaiso.",
"Many of the 1400 plants that he collected are new to science.",
"He made it to the coast in time to join Malaspina in April 1790.",
"He collected plants and recorded his observations for the next three years.",
"They traveled up the west coast of the Americas before crossing the Pacific to explore the Philippines, Australia, and New Zealand.",
"There were different results at each port of call.",
"The plants he collected in Alaska were disappointingly similar to those in Europe, so he focused on Indian culture.",
"He made the first collection of plants from Canada.",
"Their brief stay in California allowed him to collect and catalog over 250 species, most notably he was the first scientist to collect the seeds and specimen of the coast redwood.",
"They stayed in the Philippines for seven months and collected thousands of plants.",
"Further collecting took place in New Zealand and Australia.",
"Malaspina received orders to return home in the summer of 1793 after the expedition returned to Peru.",
"He was allowed to leave the ship with an assistant and cross overland to Buenos Aires with the intention of doing botanical and other scientific work along the way.",
"Instead of rejoining the fleet in the fall of 1794, he settled in Cochabamba, where he continued his scientific studies.",
"For the next quarter-century, he continued his botanical exploration of Brazil.",
"He discovered the giant waterlily, Victoria amazonica, with a six-foot wide lily pad.",
"He owned a silver mine and served as the local physician in his adopted home town of Cochabamba.",
"He helped to start the glass industry in Chile and established the manufacture of saltpeter.",
"He died when he was accidentally poisoned by his maid, but he always wanted to return to Europe.",
"When Malaspina returned from his voyage, he became involved in a dispute with Spain's minister and was imprisoned for seven years.",
"Many of the expedition's reports and findings were never released as a result of this.",
"After his death, his botanical collections were found in Cadiz.",
"The Czech National Museum bought them in 1821.",
"Carl Boivoj Presl spent nearly 15 years producing the \"Reliquiae Haenkeanae\", a work based on the botanical specimen collected in the Americas and the Philippines.",
"The work was unfinished because of a lack of funds.",
"Carl Boivoj was Presl.",
"The descriptiones et icones plantarum are in the United States.",
"J.G.",
"Calve was in the Czech Republic in 1830.",
"Carl Boivoj was Presl.",
"IHaenke Island and the glacier in Alaska are named after him.",
"There is a small museum in the Czech Republic called \"Muzeum Tadee Haenkeho\".",
"A number of taxa carry his name.",
"C.Presl, Carex, and DC.Leptosolena haen.",
"C.PreslSalvia haenkei Benth.Schinopsis haenkeana Engl. Waltheria haenkeana D.Dietr.",
"There are also European and American voyages of scientific exploration.",
"Markstein and Lerche wrote about the Konquistador.",
"Stuttgart: Publ.",
"Freies Geistesleben was born in 1991.",
"Renée Gicklhorn is in Sdamerika.",
"F. Steiner was born in 1966.",
"The Ministerio de Defensa & Museo Naval, La Expedicion Malaspina, was founded in 1789.",
"Renée Gicklhorn wrote \"Neue Dokumente zum Beginn der Forschungsre",
"The score was SDLT: SDLT: SDLT was SDLT: SDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT was",
"Alexander von Humboldt.",
"C.H. is located in Munich.",
"Beck in 2019.",
"\"Habeltenke, Born y Banks\" was written by Josef Hau.",
"1797-197",
"Robert J. and Victoria Ibaez are related.",
"King wrote a letter to Sir Joseph Banks.",
"257–265.",
"Vinzenz Grner wrote a book about the history of the Haenke-portrait, discussing its use and modifications by nationalists."
] | <mask> (5 October 1761 – 4 November 1816) (; ) was a botanist who participated in the Malaspina Expedition, exploring a significant portion of the Pacific basin including the coasts of North and South America, Australia, the Philippines, New Zealand, and the Marianas. His collections of botanical specimens were the basis for the initial scientific descriptions of many plants in these regions, particularly South America and the Philippines. His extensive botanical work and far-ranging travel have prompted some to liken him to a "Bohemian Humboldt", named after Alexander von Humboldt, who made himself familiar with some of Haenke's findings before embarking on his journey to the Americas in 1799. Biography
<mask> was born 5 October 1761 in the village of Kreibitz, Bohemia (now Chřibská, Czech Republic). His parents were Sudeten Germans and his father, <mask>, was a successful lawyer and farmer who also served as mayor. A keen observer of nature from childhood, Haenke pursued this interest throughout his education. He studied natural science and philosophy at the University of Prague where his mentor was Joseph Gottfried Mikan, the resident professor of botany.He served as an assistant to Mikan, helping care for the school's botanic gardens. Haenke received a doctorate in 1782, continued to study in Prague until 1786 and then became a student at the University of Vienna where he studied medicine and botany under Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin. While still a student, Haenke made extensive botanical collections from what is now the Czech Republic; wrote a treatise on the botany of the Giant Mountains; edited an edition of Linnaeus' Genera Plantarum (published in 1791); and was awarded a silver medal from the Royal Czech Scientific Society. He was also an accomplished musician, a capable illustrator, and spoke five languages. Malaspina expedition
By 1789 <mask> was a prominent young scholar whose name was put forward by Jacquin and Ignaz von Born when Spain was recruiting a scientific corps for the Malaspina expedition. Emperor Joseph II had met Haenke before and he approved the appointment. Thus Haenke became "Naturalist-Botánico de Su Magestad" for the expedition.A long, roundabout journey from Vienna brought <mask> to Cadiz on 30 July 1789, just hours after the two ships of the expedition, the Descubierta and Atrevida, had set sail. Determined not to miss this opportunity, he took passage on another ship, intending to catch up with the expedition in Montevideo. This vessel was shipwrecked near his destination and <mask> was forced to swim for the shore, salvaging only his collecting equipment and his copy of Genera Plantarum. Again, he had just missed the expedition. After recuperating in Buenos Aires, he hired guides for a trek overland across the pampas and Andes, hoping to catch the expedition at Valparaiso. Along the way, <mask> managed to collect about 1400 plants, many of them new to science. Although his botanical work must have slowed them down, he managed to reach the coast in time to join Malaspina in April 1790.From there <mask> continued with the expedition for the next three years, collecting plants and recording his observations on botany, zoology, geology, and ethnology. They initially traveled up the west coast of the Americas as far as Alaska, then returned south to Acapulco and crossed the Pacific to explore the Philippines, Australia, and New Zealand. At each port of call Haenke focused on botany with varying results. In Yakutat Bay, Alaska the plants he collected were disappointingly similar to those in Europe so he focused instead on Indian culture, especially music. In Nootka Sound he made the first scientific collection of plants from Canada. Their brief stay in California enabled Haenke to collect and catalog over 250 species, most notably he was the first scientist to collect the seeds and specimens of the coast redwood. After crossing the Pacific, Haenke collected thousands of plants during their seven-month stay in the Philippines.Further collecting took place in Australia, New Zealand, and Tonga. In the summer of 1793 the expedition returned to Peru where Malaspina received orders to return home by way of Montevideo. <mask> was permitted to leave the ship with an assistant and cross overland to Buenos Aires with the intention of undertaking botanical and other scientific work along the way. Instead of rejoining the fleet again in the fall of 1794 as planned, <mask> became engrossed with the local botany and settled in Cochabamba, Bolivia to continue his scientific studies. For the next quarter-century, <mask> continued his botanical exploration of Bolivia, Peru and Brazil. In 1801 he made one of his most memorable discoveries, the giant water lily, Victoria amazonica, with a six-foot wide lily pad. In addition, Haenke maintained his own botanic garden, owned a silver mine and served as the local physician in his adopted home town, Cochabamba.He is also credited with establishing the manufacture of saltpeter in Chile and helping to start the glass industry there. Although he had always hoped to return to Europe, <mask> died unexpectedly in 1816 when he was accidentally poisoned by his maid. Legacy
When Malaspina returned from his voyage he became embroiled in a dispute with Spain's minister, Manuel de Godoy, and was subsequently imprisoned for seven years. As a result, the official expedition report went unpublished for nearly a century, and many of the expedition's reports and findings were never released. <mask>'s botanical collections consisting of more than 15.000 specimens were found in Cadiz after his death. They were bought in 1821 by the Czech National Museum and transferred to Prague. The Czech botanist Carl Bořivoj Presl spent nearly 15 years producing the "Reliquiae Haenkeanae" (published from 1825 to 1835), a work based on <mask>'s botanical specimens collected in the Americas and the Philippines and purchased in Cadiz.Six volumes were produced but ultimately the work remained unfinished due to a lack of funds. Presl, Carl Bořivoj. Reliquiae Haenkeanae: seu descriptiones et icones plantarum, quas in America meridionali et boreali, in insulis Philippinis et Marianis collegit Thaddaeus Haenke. J.G. Calve, Prague, 1830. Presl, Carl Bořivoj. Reliquiae Haenkeanae volume IHaenke Island and Haenke Glacier in Alaska are named in his honor.A small private museum, "Muzeum Tadeáše Haenkeho", was established at Haenke's birth home in Chřibská, Czech Republic. Around 240 taxa carry his name, including:Alpinia haenkei C.PreslBerberis haenkeana Presl ex Schult. f.Bromus haenkeanus (J.Presl) Kunth, Carex haenkeana C.PreslCeratochloa haenkeana J.PreslHymenoxys haenkeana DC.Leptosolena haenkei C.PreslLobelia haenkeana A.DC.Loranthus haenkeanus Presl ex Schult.f.Mascagnia haenkeana W.R.AndersonPseudogynoxys haenkei (DC.) CabreraPteris haenkeana C.PreslSalvia haenkei Benth.Schinopsis haenkeana Engl.Waltheria haenkeana D.Dietr. See also
European and American voyages of scientific exploration
Notes
References
English
Non-English
Kühnel, Josef: Thaddäus Haenke: Leben und Wirken eines Forschers. Munich: Lerche, 1960
Markstein, Heinz: Der sanfte Konquistador: die Geschichte des Thaddäus Xaverius Peregrinus Haenke. Stuttgart: Publ.Freies Geistesleben, 1991. Renée Gicklhorn, Thaddäus Haenkes Reisen und Arbeiten in Südamerika. Wiesbaden: F. Steiner, 1966. María Victoria Ibáñez Montoya, Trabajos cientificos y correspondencia de Tadeo Haenke, Ministerio de Defensa & Museo Naval, La Expedicion Malaspina, 1789–1794, Tomo 4, Madrid, Barcelona: Lunwerg Editores, 1992. Renée Gicklhorn, "Neue Dokumente zum Beginn der Forschungsreisen von Thaddäus Haenke", Phyton 14 (1972), pp. 296–299. Andreas Daum, Alexander von Humboldt.Munich: C.H. Beck (2019a). Josef Haubelt, "Haenke, Born y Banks", Ibero-Americana Pragensia 4 (1970), pp. 179–197. Victoria Ibañez and Robert J. King, "A Letter from Thaddeus <mask> to Sir Joseph Banks", Archives of Natural History'' 23 (1996), pp. 255–260.External links
multilingual project « Mit Böhmen zum Meer: Thaddäus Haenke»
History of the Haenke-portrait by Vinzenz Grüner, discussing its use and modifications by nationalists
Vom Amazonas nach Leipzig und London
1761 births
1816 deaths
Cochabamba
Austrian botanists
People from Děčín District
Austrian explorers
Austrian geographers
Austrian people of German Bohemian descent | [
"Thaddeus Xaverius Peregrinus Haenke",
"Haenke",
"Elias George Thomas Haenke",
"Haenke",
"Haenke",
"Haenke",
"Haenke",
"Haenke",
"Haenke",
"Haenke",
"Haenke",
"Haenke",
"Haenke",
"Haenke",
"Haenke"
] | The Malaspina expedition explored a significant portion of the Pacific basin, including the coasts of North and South America, Australia, the Philippines, and New Zealand. The first scientific descriptions of plants in South America and the Philippines were based on his collections of botanical specimen. His extensive botanical work and far-ranging travel have prompted some to liken him to a "Bohemian Humboldt", named after Alexander von Humboldt, who made himself familiar with some of the findings before embarking on his journey to the Americas in 1799. The village of Kreibitz is in the Czech Republic. His parents were Sudeten Germans and his father was a successful lawyer and mayor. He pursued his interest in nature throughout his education. He studied natural science and philosophy at the University of Prague, where his mentor was the resident professor of botany.He was an assistant to Mikan, helping care for the school's botanic gardens. After graduating from the University of Vienna with a degree in 1782, he continued to study in the Czech Republic until 1786. While still a student, he made extensive botanical collections from what is now the Czech Republic, wrote a treatise on the botany of the Giant Mountains, edited an edition of Linnaeus' Genera Plantarum, and was awarded a silver medal from the Royal Czech Scientific Society. He was an accomplished musician, a capable illustrator, and spoke five languages. The name of a prominent young scholar was put forward by Ignaz von Born when Spain was recruiting a scientific corps for the Malaspina expedition. The appointment was approved by Emperor Joseph II. "Naturalist-Botnico de Su Magestad" was the name of the expedition.Just hours after the two ships of the expedition, the Descubierta and Atrevida, had set sail, a long, roundabout journey from Vienna brought <mask> to Cadiz. He took passage on another ship so that he could catch up with the expedition. He was forced to swim for the shore after the vessel he was on was wrecked near his destination. He missed the expedition again. He hired guides for an overland trek across the pampas and Andes in order to catch the expedition at Valparaiso. Many of the 1400 plants that he collected are new to science. He made it to the coast in time to join Malaspina in April 1790.He collected plants and recorded his observations for the next three years. They traveled up the west coast of the Americas before crossing the Pacific to explore the Philippines, Australia, and New Zealand. There were different results at each port of call. The plants he collected in Alaska were disappointingly similar to those in Europe, so he focused on Indian culture. He made the first collection of plants from Canada. Their brief stay in California allowed him to collect and catalog over 250 species, most notably he was the first scientist to collect the seeds and specimen of the coast redwood. They stayed in the Philippines for seven months and collected thousands of plants.Further collecting took place in New Zealand and Australia. Malaspina received orders to return home in the summer of 1793 after the expedition returned to Peru. He was allowed to leave the ship with an assistant and cross overland to Buenos Aires with the intention of doing botanical and other scientific work along the way. Instead of rejoining the fleet in the fall of 1794, he settled in Cochabamba, where he continued his scientific studies. For the next quarter-century, he continued his botanical exploration of Brazil. He discovered the giant waterlily, Victoria amazonica, with a six-foot wide lily pad. He owned a silver mine and served as the local physician in his adopted home town of Cochabamba.He helped to start the glass industry in Chile and established the manufacture of saltpeter. He died when he was accidentally poisoned by his maid, but he always wanted to return to Europe. When Malaspina returned from his voyage, he became involved in a dispute with Spain's minister and was imprisoned for seven years. Many of the expedition's reports and findings were never released as a result of this. After his death, his botanical collections were found in Cadiz. The Czech National Museum bought them in 1821. Carl Boivoj Presl spent nearly 15 years producing the "Reliquiae Haenkeanae", a work based on the botanical specimen collected in the Americas and the Philippines.The work was unfinished because of a lack of funds. Carl Boivoj was Presl. The descriptiones et icones plantarum are in the United States. J.G. Calve was in the Czech Republic in 1830. Carl Boivoj was Presl. IHaenke Island and the glacier in Alaska are named after him.There is a small museum in the Czech Republic called "Muzeum Tadee Haenkeho". A number of taxa carry his name. C.Presl, Carex, and DC.Leptosolena haen. C.PreslSalvia haenkei Benth.Schinopsis haenkeana Engl. Waltheria haenkeana D.Dietr. There are also European and American voyages of scientific exploration. Markstein and Lerche wrote about the Konquistador. Stuttgart: Publ.Freies Geistesleben was born in 1991. Renée Gicklhorn is in Sdamerika. F. Steiner was born in 1966. The Ministerio de Defensa & Museo Naval, La Expedicion Malaspina, was founded in 1789. Renée Gicklhorn wrote "Neue Dokumente zum Beginn der Forschungsre The score was SDLT: SDLT: SDLT was SDLT: SDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT wasSDLT was Alexander von Humboldt.C.H. is located in Munich. Beck in 2019. "Habeltenke, Born y Banks" was written by Josef Hau. 1797-197 Robert J. and Victoria Ibaez are related. King wrote a letter to Sir Joseph Banks. 257–265.Vinzenz Grner wrote a book about the history of the Haenke-portrait, discussing its use and modifications by nationalists. | [
"Haenke"
] |
216156 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray%20Mabus | Ray Mabus | Raymond Edwin Mabus Jr. (born October 11, 1948) is an American politician, diplomat, and member of the Democratic Party who served as the 75th United States Secretary of the Navy from 2009 to 2017. Mabus previously served as the State Auditor of Mississippi from 1984 to 1988, as the 60th Governor of Mississippi from 1988 to 1992 and as the United States Ambassador to Saudi Arabia from 1994 to 1996.
Early life and education
Mabus was born in Starkville, Mississippi, and is a fourth-generation Mississippian; he grew up in Ackerman, the only child of the owner of the local hardware store. After attending public schools, he graduated summa cum laude from the University of Mississippi, where he was a member of Beta Theta Pi, with a Bachelor of Arts in English and political science. He earned a Master of Arts in political science from Johns Hopkins University and a Juris Doctor, magna cum laude, from Harvard Law School. He had been offered a Fulbright Scholarship, had held a Woodrow Wilson Fellowship, and had traveled widely throughout Europe, the Middle East, Russia, and Latin America
Prior to attending law school, he also served two years in the Navy as a surface warfare officer from 1970 to 1972 aboard the cruiser , achieving the rank of Lieutenant Junior Grade and worked as a law clerk in the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit.
Career
Mabus began his professional career working in Washington, D.C., as legal counsel to the United States House Committee on Agriculture. Following the election of Governor William Winter, he returned to Mississippi to work in the governor's office, where the youthful staff, which included Mabus, Dick Molpus, John Henegan and Andy Mullins—earned the nickname "Boys of Spring" from a rival state legislator.
Mississippi State Auditor
In 1983, Mabus was elected state auditor and served from 1984 to 1988, during this time, he participated in a large FBI sting operation which recovered millions in misspent or stolen public funds. By the time it was finished, "Operation Pretense" had ensnared 57 county supervisors in 25 counties, and all but two of those supervisors served time in prison.
Governor of Mississippi
At 39 years of age, he defeated Tupelo businessman Jack Reed in the 1987 gubernatorial election by 53% to 47%, becoming the youngest governor in the United States. He won "on a wave of black votes" (black voters made up about 30 percent of the state's registered voters) and lost the white vote "by about 3 to 2" despite support from what a coalition one Democratic state chairman described as "poor whites" and yuppies. Mabus, who ran on the slogan "Mississippi Will Never Be Last Again", was billed as "the face of the New South", much like his counterpart in Arkansas at the time, Bill Clinton. Mabus was featured in a 1988 New York Times Magazine cover story titled "The Yuppies of Mississippi; How They Took Over the Statehouse".
During his time as governor, he passed B.E.S.T. (Better Education for Success Tomorrow), gave teachers the largest pay raise in the nation; and was named one of Fortune Magazine'''s ten "education governors". Mississippi also had record growth in new jobs, investment, tourism and exports.
Because of the gubernatorial succession amendment ratified in 1987, Mabus was eligible to become the first governor to serve two successive terms in more than 100 years, and he ran for reelection in 1991. He was defeated 51% to 48% in the general election by Republican Kirk Fordice, a former Vicksburg construction executive, who portrayed him as "arrogant and out of touch with Mississippi politically", with a New York Times article describing him as a "Porsche politician in a Chevy pickup state".
Ambassador to Saudi Arabia
Mabus was appointed by President Bill Clinton to be the United States Ambassador to Saudi Arabia and served from 1994 to 1996. During his tenure, a 1994 border crisis involving Yemen was defused, a 1994 crisis with Iraq was deterred, he presided over the embassy during the 1995 terrorist attack, child abduction cases were addressed, and contracts worth more than $16 billion were signed between Saudi Arabian and American companies such as Boeing, and AT&T.
Mabus's residence and embassy office in Riyadh were decorated with items of interest from his home state including an Ackerman phone book on his office coffee table and the Mississippi flag next to the American flag.
Secretary of the Navy
On March 27, 2009, Mabus was nominated by President Obama as Secretary of the Department of the Navy. He was sworn in on May 19, 2009, and held a ceremonial swearing in at Washington Navy Yard on June 18, 2009, where he was re-sworn in by the Secretary of Defense Robert Gates.
Ship naming controversies
In April 2010 a furor arose when it was reported that Mabus made the proposal to name a United States Navy warship the after the late Pennsylvania Democratic congressman John Murtha. Additional naming controversies occurred due to the naming of the auxiliary ship after civil rights activist Cesar Chavez who has described his service in the U.S. Navy as "...the worst two years in my life," and a littoral combat ship the after former Arizona Democratic Congresswoman Gabby Giffords, after she suffered life-threatening wounds in the 2011 mass shooting in her home district of Tucson, Arizona.
On April 16, 2012, the Navy Secretary returned to Naval tradition of naming certain warships after former U.S. presidents, announcing the next Zumwalt-class destroyer be named the . Even this action represented somewhat of a change to previous norms, since with the exception of the current attack submarine, and the since-decommissioned class of Polaris/Poseidon fleet ballistic missile submarines, all recent U.S. warships named for presidents have been aircraft carriers.
Subsequent ship namings include his January 6, 2016, announcement of his naming of another auxiliary ship after civil rights activist and sitting incumbent Georgia Democratic Congressman John Lewis (i.e., ). Mabus further stated that this particular class of auxiliary ship, of which the John Lewis would be the lead ship, would all be named after civil rights leaders. Mabus followed this action with his July 14, 2016, naming of the subsequent after gay rights icon and former San Francisco Democratic politician the late Harvey Milk, who had served as a naval line officer for four years prior to resigning his commission and honorable discharge as a lieutenant, junior grade (LTJG).
Gulf Coast restoration plan
President Obama has asked him to develop a long-term Gulf Coast Restoration Plan as soon as possible. The plan will be designed by states, local communities, Native American tribes, fishermen, businesses, conservationists and other Gulf residents.
2013 Navy Yard shooting
On September 16, 2013, gunman Aaron Alexis entered the Washington Navy Yard and killed 13 people and injured 14. Alexis was a 34-year-old military contractor. A Pentagon internal investigation found that the shootings could have been prevented with stricter oversight of security clearances and increased security at the Navy Yard facility. A ceremony was held to mark the one-year anniversary of the Navy Yard massacre, honoring those who were killed and injured. Mabus stated, "We know that their lives are defined not by how they died, but by how they lived and what they lived for, and will be remembered for that always."
Budget controversy
After a January 2015 report by the Defense Business Board and McKinsey & Company discovered DoD was spending $134 billion, 23% of its total budget, on back-office work, and that the back-office bureaucracy staff of over one million people was nearly as great as the number of active troops, the Board recommended a plan to cut $125 billion in waste over five years. However, when Ash Carter became Defense Secretary the next month, he replaced the Board chairman, the McKinsey results were classified as secret, and its report was removed from public websites. Mabus then gave a speech at the American Enterprise Institute highlighting the McKinsey report, calling the back-office costs "pure overhead" and particularly criticizing the Defense Finance and Accounting Service and the Defense Logistics Agency. Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics Frank Kendall III then wrote to him asking "please refrain from taking any more public pot shots" and "I do not want this spilling over into further public discourse."
USMC integration
On January 1, 2016, Mabus ordered the United States Marine Corps to devise a plan on co-integration of male and female recruits in basic training, giving top brass a two-week planning period, along with requesting a subject matter expert, to report the best method of said plan.
Departure
Mabus stepped down as Secretary of the Navy in January 2017 upon the inauguration of Donald Trump. He was succeeded by Assistant Navy Secretary Sean Stackley, who became acting Secretary until Richard V. Spencer was sworn in as Secretary in August 2017.
Business ventures
He was Chairman and CEO of Foamex International and helped lead it out of bankruptcy. Ray Mabus serves as a Google Ventures Advisor.
Awards, honors, community service
Mabus has been awarded the U.S. Department of Defense Distinguished Public Service Award, the U.S. Army's Distinguished Civilian Service Award, the Martin Luther King Jr. Social Responsibility Award from the King Center for Nonviolent Social Change in Atlanta, the National Wildlife Federation Conservation Achievement Award, the King Abdulaziz Award from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and the Mississippi Association of Educators' Friend of Education Award.
He was included in Glassdoor's 2013 list of "Highest Rated CEOs" at 43rd place with an 82% approval rate.
He is active in many community activities, primarily focusing on education. Following Hurricane Katrina, he founded the Help and Hope Foundation, which works to meet the needs of children affected by the storm.
He was a member of the RAND Center for Middle East Public Policy and the Council on Foreign Relations, and is the Distinguished Lecturer on the Middle East at the University of Mississippi.
Personal life
Mabus has been married to the former Lynn Horecky since 2007. He was previously married to the former Julie HInes until their divorce in 2000.
Mabus is a fan of the Boston Red Sox having first followed the team during the 1975 World Series while a student at Harvard Law School.
In 2009, and again in 2014, Mabus made cameo appearances on the TV drama NCIS in the Season 7 episode "Child's Play", and in the Season 12 episode "Semper Fortis", as an NCIS Agent named "Ray". He also made a cameo on NCIS: New Orleans in the episode "Insane in the Membrane".
In 2012, he appeared in the movie Battleship as the commanding officer of .
Mabus made a cameo appearance as himself in the "It's Not a Rumor" episode of the TV series The Last Ship, issuing orders to the crew of the Nathan James'' via a recorded message; in the storyline, by the time the ship received the orders, Mabus had succumbed to the "Red Flu" virus.
References
External links
United States Navy bio page
Mississippi Historical Society biography
C-SPAN Q&A interview with Mabus, February 5, 2012
|-
|-
|-
|-
1948 births
Ambassadors of the United States to Saudi Arabia
American Methodists
Democratic Party state governors of the United States
Governors of Mississippi
Harvard Law School alumni
Johns Hopkins University alumni
Living people
Mississippi Democrats
Obama administration personnel
People from Starkville, Mississippi
State Auditors of Mississippi
United States Navy officers
United States Secretaries of the Navy
University of Mississippi alumni
People from Ackerman, Mississippi | [
"Raymond Edwin Mabus Jr. (born October 11, 1948) is an American politician, diplomat, and member of the Democratic Party who served as the 75th United States Secretary of the Navy from 2009 to 2017.",
"Mabus previously served as the State Auditor of Mississippi from 1984 to 1988, as the 60th Governor of Mississippi from 1988 to 1992 and as the United States Ambassador to Saudi Arabia from 1994 to 1996.",
"Early life and education\nMabus was born in Starkville, Mississippi, and is a fourth-generation Mississippian; he grew up in Ackerman, the only child of the owner of the local hardware store.",
"After attending public schools, he graduated summa cum laude from the University of Mississippi, where he was a member of Beta Theta Pi, with a Bachelor of Arts in English and political science.",
"He earned a Master of Arts in political science from Johns Hopkins University and a Juris Doctor, magna cum laude, from Harvard Law School.",
"He had been offered a Fulbright Scholarship, had held a Woodrow Wilson Fellowship, and had traveled widely throughout Europe, the Middle East, Russia, and Latin America\nPrior to attending law school, he also served two years in the Navy as a surface warfare officer from 1970 to 1972 aboard the cruiser , achieving the rank of Lieutenant Junior Grade and worked as a law clerk in the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit.",
"Career\nMabus began his professional career working in Washington, D.C., as legal counsel to the United States House Committee on Agriculture.",
"Following the election of Governor William Winter, he returned to Mississippi to work in the governor's office, where the youthful staff, which included Mabus, Dick Molpus, John Henegan and Andy Mullins—earned the nickname \"Boys of Spring\" from a rival state legislator.",
"Mississippi State Auditor\nIn 1983, Mabus was elected state auditor and served from 1984 to 1988, during this time, he participated in a large FBI sting operation which recovered millions in misspent or stolen public funds.",
"By the time it was finished, \"Operation Pretense\" had ensnared 57 county supervisors in 25 counties, and all but two of those supervisors served time in prison.",
"Governor of Mississippi\nAt 39 years of age, he defeated Tupelo businessman Jack Reed in the 1987 gubernatorial election by 53% to 47%, becoming the youngest governor in the United States.",
"He won \"on a wave of black votes\" (black voters made up about 30 percent of the state's registered voters) and lost the white vote \"by about 3 to 2\" despite support from what a coalition one Democratic state chairman described as \"poor whites\" and yuppies.",
"Mabus, who ran on the slogan \"Mississippi Will Never Be Last Again\", was billed as \"the face of the New South\", much like his counterpart in Arkansas at the time, Bill Clinton.",
"Mabus was featured in a 1988 New York Times Magazine cover story titled \"The Yuppies of Mississippi; How They Took Over the Statehouse\".",
"During his time as governor, he passed B.E.S.T.",
"(Better Education for Success Tomorrow), gave teachers the largest pay raise in the nation; and was named one of Fortune Magazine'''s ten \"education governors\".",
"Mississippi also had record growth in new jobs, investment, tourism and exports.",
"Because of the gubernatorial succession amendment ratified in 1987, Mabus was eligible to become the first governor to serve two successive terms in more than 100 years, and he ran for reelection in 1991.",
"He was defeated 51% to 48% in the general election by Republican Kirk Fordice, a former Vicksburg construction executive, who portrayed him as \"arrogant and out of touch with Mississippi politically\", with a New York Times article describing him as a \"Porsche politician in a Chevy pickup state\".",
"Ambassador to Saudi Arabia\nMabus was appointed by President Bill Clinton to be the United States Ambassador to Saudi Arabia and served from 1994 to 1996.",
"During his tenure, a 1994 border crisis involving Yemen was defused, a 1994 crisis with Iraq was deterred, he presided over the embassy during the 1995 terrorist attack, child abduction cases were addressed, and contracts worth more than $16 billion were signed between Saudi Arabian and American companies such as Boeing, and AT&T.",
"Mabus's residence and embassy office in Riyadh were decorated with items of interest from his home state including an Ackerman phone book on his office coffee table and the Mississippi flag next to the American flag.",
"Secretary of the Navy\n\nOn March 27, 2009, Mabus was nominated by President Obama as Secretary of the Department of the Navy.",
"He was sworn in on May 19, 2009, and held a ceremonial swearing in at Washington Navy Yard on June 18, 2009, where he was re-sworn in by the Secretary of Defense Robert Gates.",
"Ship naming controversies\n\nIn April 2010 a furor arose when it was reported that Mabus made the proposal to name a United States Navy warship the after the late Pennsylvania Democratic congressman John Murtha.",
"Additional naming controversies occurred due to the naming of the auxiliary ship after civil rights activist Cesar Chavez who has described his service in the U.S. Navy as \"...the worst two years in my life,\" and a littoral combat ship the after former Arizona Democratic Congresswoman Gabby Giffords, after she suffered life-threatening wounds in the 2011 mass shooting in her home district of Tucson, Arizona.",
"On April 16, 2012, the Navy Secretary returned to Naval tradition of naming certain warships after former U.S. presidents, announcing the next Zumwalt-class destroyer be named the .",
"Even this action represented somewhat of a change to previous norms, since with the exception of the current attack submarine, and the since-decommissioned class of Polaris/Poseidon fleet ballistic missile submarines, all recent U.S. warships named for presidents have been aircraft carriers.",
"Subsequent ship namings include his January 6, 2016, announcement of his naming of another auxiliary ship after civil rights activist and sitting incumbent Georgia Democratic Congressman John Lewis (i.e., ).",
"Mabus further stated that this particular class of auxiliary ship, of which the John Lewis would be the lead ship, would all be named after civil rights leaders.",
"Mabus followed this action with his July 14, 2016, naming of the subsequent after gay rights icon and former San Francisco Democratic politician the late Harvey Milk, who had served as a naval line officer for four years prior to resigning his commission and honorable discharge as a lieutenant, junior grade (LTJG).",
"Gulf Coast restoration plan\nPresident Obama has asked him to develop a long-term Gulf Coast Restoration Plan as soon as possible.",
"The plan will be designed by states, local communities, Native American tribes, fishermen, businesses, conservationists and other Gulf residents.",
"2013 Navy Yard shooting\nOn September 16, 2013, gunman Aaron Alexis entered the Washington Navy Yard and killed 13 people and injured 14.",
"Alexis was a 34-year-old military contractor.",
"A Pentagon internal investigation found that the shootings could have been prevented with stricter oversight of security clearances and increased security at the Navy Yard facility.",
"A ceremony was held to mark the one-year anniversary of the Navy Yard massacre, honoring those who were killed and injured.",
"Mabus stated, \"We know that their lives are defined not by how they died, but by how they lived and what they lived for, and will be remembered for that always.\"",
"Budget controversy\nAfter a January 2015 report by the Defense Business Board and McKinsey & Company discovered DoD was spending $134 billion, 23% of its total budget, on back-office work, and that the back-office bureaucracy staff of over one million people was nearly as great as the number of active troops, the Board recommended a plan to cut $125 billion in waste over five years.",
"However, when Ash Carter became Defense Secretary the next month, he replaced the Board chairman, the McKinsey results were classified as secret, and its report was removed from public websites.",
"Mabus then gave a speech at the American Enterprise Institute highlighting the McKinsey report, calling the back-office costs \"pure overhead\" and particularly criticizing the Defense Finance and Accounting Service and the Defense Logistics Agency.",
"Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics Frank Kendall III then wrote to him asking \"please refrain from taking any more public pot shots\" and \"I do not want this spilling over into further public discourse.\"",
"USMC integration\nOn January 1, 2016, Mabus ordered the United States Marine Corps to devise a plan on co-integration of male and female recruits in basic training, giving top brass a two-week planning period, along with requesting a subject matter expert, to report the best method of said plan.",
"Departure\nMabus stepped down as Secretary of the Navy in January 2017 upon the inauguration of Donald Trump.",
"He was succeeded by Assistant Navy Secretary Sean Stackley, who became acting Secretary until Richard V. Spencer was sworn in as Secretary in August 2017.\n\nBusiness ventures\nHe was Chairman and CEO of Foamex International and helped lead it out of bankruptcy.",
"Ray Mabus serves as a Google Ventures Advisor.",
"Awards, honors, community service\n\nMabus has been awarded the U.S. Department of Defense Distinguished Public Service Award, the U.S. Army's Distinguished Civilian Service Award, the Martin Luther King Jr. Social Responsibility Award from the King Center for Nonviolent Social Change in Atlanta, the National Wildlife Federation Conservation Achievement Award, the King Abdulaziz Award from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and the Mississippi Association of Educators' Friend of Education Award.",
"He was included in Glassdoor's 2013 list of \"Highest Rated CEOs\" at 43rd place with an 82% approval rate.",
"He is active in many community activities, primarily focusing on education.",
"Following Hurricane Katrina, he founded the Help and Hope Foundation, which works to meet the needs of children affected by the storm.",
"He was a member of the RAND Center for Middle East Public Policy and the Council on Foreign Relations, and is the Distinguished Lecturer on the Middle East at the University of Mississippi.",
"Personal life\nMabus has been married to the former Lynn Horecky since 2007.",
"He was previously married to the former Julie HInes until their divorce in 2000.",
"Mabus is a fan of the Boston Red Sox having first followed the team during the 1975 World Series while a student at Harvard Law School.",
"In 2009, and again in 2014, Mabus made cameo appearances on the TV drama NCIS in the Season 7 episode \"Child's Play\", and in the Season 12 episode \"Semper Fortis\", as an NCIS Agent named \"Ray\".",
"He also made a cameo on NCIS: New Orleans in the episode \"Insane in the Membrane\".",
"In 2012, he appeared in the movie Battleship as the commanding officer of .",
"Mabus made a cameo appearance as himself in the \"It's Not a Rumor\" episode of the TV series The Last Ship, issuing orders to the crew of the Nathan James'' via a recorded message; in the storyline, by the time the ship received the orders, Mabus had succumbed to the \"Red Flu\" virus.",
"References\n\nExternal links\n\nUnited States Navy bio page\nMississippi Historical Society biography\n\nC-SPAN Q&A interview with Mabus, February 5, 2012\n\n|-\n\n|-\n\n|-\n\n|-\n\n1948 births\nAmbassadors of the United States to Saudi Arabia\nAmerican Methodists\nDemocratic Party state governors of the United States\nGovernors of Mississippi\nHarvard Law School alumni\nJohns Hopkins University alumni\nLiving people\nMississippi Democrats\nObama administration personnel\nPeople from Starkville, Mississippi\nState Auditors of Mississippi\nUnited States Navy officers\nUnited States Secretaries of the Navy\nUniversity of Mississippi alumni\nPeople from Ackerman, Mississippi"
] | [
"Raymond Mabus Jr. is an American politician, diplomat, and member of the Democratic Party who served as the 75th Secretary of the Navy.",
"Mabus was the State Auditor of Mississippi from 1984 to 1988, the 60th Governor of Mississippi from 1988 to 1992 and the United States Ambassador to Saudi Arabia from 1994 to 1996.",
"Mabus was the only child of the owner of the local hardware store and was born in Starkville, Mississippi.",
"He graduated summa cum laude from the University of Mississippi with a Bachelor of Arts in English and political science.",
"He graduated from Harvard Law School with a magna cum laude.",
"He had traveled throughout Europe, the Middle East, Russia, and Latin America prior to attending law school, as well as serving two years in the Navy as a surface warfare officer.",
"Mabus worked in Washington, D.C. as legal counsel to the United States House Committee on Agriculture.",
"The youthful staff in the governor's office, which included Mabus, Dick Molpus, John Henegan and Andy Mullins, earned the nickname \"Boys of Spring\" from a rival state legislator.",
"Mabus served as Mississippi's state auditor from 1984 to 1988 and was involved in a large FBI sting operation which recovered millions of misspent or stolen public funds.",
"All but two of the 57 county supervisors who were snared in \"Operation Pretense\" were sentenced to prison.",
"He became the youngest governor in the United States when he defeated Jack Reed in the 1987 election.",
"He won on a wave of black votes, but lost the white vote due to support from a coalition of poor whites and yuppies.",
"The slogan \"Mississippi Will Never Be Last Again\" was used by Mabus, who was billed as the \"face of the New South\".",
"Mabus was featured in a 1988 New York Times Magazine cover story.",
"He passed B.E.S.T. during his time as governor.",
"One of Fortune Magazine''s ten \"education governors\", Better Education for Success Tomorrow gave teachers the largest pay raise in the nation.",
"New jobs, investment, tourism and exports all increased in Mississippi.",
"Mabus was the first governor to serve two consecutive terms in more than 100 years when he ran for reelection in 1991.",
"He was defeated in the general election by Kirk Fordice, a former Vicksburg construction executive, who portrayed him as \"arrogant and out of touch with Mississippi politically\", with a New York Times article describing him as a \"Porsche politician in a Chevy pickup state\".",
"President Bill Clinton appointed Mabus to be the United States Ambassador to Saudi Arabia in 1994.",
"He presided over the embassy during the 1995 terrorist attack, child abduction cases were addressed, and contracts worth more than $16 billion were signed between Saudi Arabian and American companies.",
"Mabus's residence and embassy office in Riyadh were decorated with items of interest from his home state, including an Ackerman phone book on his office coffee table and a Mississippi flag next to the American flag.",
"President Obama nominated Mabus as Secretary of the Department of the Navy on March 27, 2009.",
"He was re-sworn in by the Secretary of Defense on June 18, 2009, after he was sworn in on May 19, 2009, at Washington Navy Yard.",
"When it was reported that Mabus made the proposal to name the United States Navy after John Murtha, there was a furor.",
"The auxiliary ship was named after Cesar Chavez, a civil rights activist who has described his service in the U.S. Navy as the worst two years of his life.",
"The Navy Secretary announced on April 16, 2012 that the next destroyer would be named after a former U.S. president.",
"The exception of the current attack submarine and the since-decommissioned class of Polaris/Poseidon fleet ballistic missile submarines, all recent U.S. warships named for presidents have been aircraft carriers.",
"The January 6, 2016 announcement of his naming of another auxiliary ship after John Lewis is one of the subsequent ship namings.",
"The John Lewis class of auxiliary ship would be named after civil rights leaders, according to Mabus.",
"On July 14, 2016 Mabus named Harvey Milk, a gay rights icon and former San Francisco Democratic politician, who had served as a naval line officer for four years prior to resigning his commission and honorable discharge as a lieutenant, junior grade, after him.",
"President Obama wants to develop a long-term restoration plan for the Gulf Coast.",
"The plan will be designed by states, local communities, Native American tribes, fishermen, businesses and other Gulf residents.",
"13 people were killed and 14 were injured in a shooting at the Washington Navy Yard.",
"He was a military contractor.",
"Increased security at the Navy Yard facility and stricter oversight of security clearances were found to have prevented the shootings.",
"A ceremony was held to honor the victims of the Navy Yard massacre.",
"Mabus stated, \"We know that their lives are defined not by how they died, but by how they lived and what they lived for, and will be remembered for that always.\"",
"A January 2015 report by the Defense Business Board and McKinsey & Company found that the Department of Defense was spending more money on back-office work than it did on active troops.",
"The McKinsey report was removed from public websites after Ash Carter became Defense Secretary.",
"Mabus criticized the Defense Finance and Accounting Service and the Defense Logistics Agency in his speech.",
"Frank Kendall III, the Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics, wrote to him asking him to refrain from taking any more public pot shots.",
"On January 1, 2016 Mabus ordered the United States Marine Corps to develop a plan on co-integration of male and female recruits in basic training, giving top brass a two-week planning period, along with requesting a subject matter expert, to report the best method of said plan.",
"After the inauguration of Donald Trump, Mabus stepped down as Secretary of the Navy.",
"He was replaced as Secretary by Richard V. Spencer, who was an assistant Navy Secretary.",
"Ray Mabus is an advisor.",
"The U.S. Department of Defense has 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884",
"He was included in Glassdoor's list of \"Highest rated CEOs\" at 43rd place with an approval rate of 82%.",
"He focuses on education in many community activities.",
"He founded the Help and Hope Foundation to help children affected by hurricanes.",
"He is the distinguished lecturer on the Middle East at the University of Mississippi.",
"Mabus has been married to Lynn Horecky since 2007.",
"He was previously married to a woman named Julie HInes.",
"Mabus was a student at Harvard Law School when he first followed the Boston Red Sox during the 1975 World Series.",
"Mabus appeared in two episodes of the TV show in 2009, and in the Season 7 episode \"Child's Play\" and the Season 12 episode \"Semper Fortis\".",
"In the episode \"Insane in the Membrane\", he made a brief appearance.",
"He was the commanding officer in the movie Battleship.",
"Mabus made a brief appearance as himself in the \"It's Not a Rumor\" episode of The Last Ship, issuing orders to the crew of the Nathan James via recorded message, by the time the ship received the orders.",
"References External links United States Navy bio page Mississippi Historical Society biography C-SPAN Q&A interview with Mabus"
] | <mask>. (born October 11, 1948) is an American politician, diplomat, and member of the Democratic Party who served as the 75th United States Secretary of the Navy from 2009 to 2017. <mask> previously served as the State Auditor of Mississippi from 1984 to 1988, as the 60th Governor of Mississippi from 1988 to 1992 and as the United States Ambassador to Saudi Arabia from 1994 to 1996. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Starkville, Mississippi, and is a fourth-generation Mississippian; he grew up in Ackerman, the only child of the owner of the local hardware store. After attending public schools, he graduated summa cum laude from the University of Mississippi, where he was a member of Beta Theta Pi, with a Bachelor of Arts in English and political science. He earned a Master of Arts in political science from Johns Hopkins University and a Juris Doctor, magna cum laude, from Harvard Law School. He had been offered a Fulbright Scholarship, had held a Woodrow Wilson Fellowship, and had traveled widely throughout Europe, the Middle East, Russia, and Latin America
Prior to attending law school, he also served two years in the Navy as a surface warfare officer from 1970 to 1972 aboard the cruiser , achieving the rank of Lieutenant Junior Grade and worked as a law clerk in the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit. Career
<mask> began his professional career working in Washington, D.C., as legal counsel to the United States House Committee on Agriculture.Following the election of Governor William Winter, he returned to Mississippi to work in the governor's office, where the youthful staff, which included <mask>, Dick Molpus, John Henegan and Andy Mullins—earned the nickname "Boys of Spring" from a rival state legislator. Mississippi State Auditor
In 1983, <mask> was elected state auditor and served from 1984 to 1988, during this time, he participated in a large FBI sting operation which recovered millions in misspent or stolen public funds. By the time it was finished, "Operation Pretense" had ensnared 57 county supervisors in 25 counties, and all but two of those supervisors served time in prison. Governor of Mississippi
At 39 years of age, he defeated Tupelo businessman Jack Reed in the 1987 gubernatorial election by 53% to 47%, becoming the youngest governor in the United States. He won "on a wave of black votes" (black voters made up about 30 percent of the state's registered voters) and lost the white vote "by about 3 to 2" despite support from what a coalition one Democratic state chairman described as "poor whites" and yuppies. <mask>, who ran on the slogan "Mississippi Will Never Be Last Again", was billed as "the face of the New South", much like his counterpart in Arkansas at the time, Bill Clinton. <mask> was featured in a 1988 New York Times Magazine cover story titled "The Yuppies of Mississippi; How They Took Over the Statehouse".During his time as governor, he passed B.E.S.T. (Better Education for Success Tomorrow), gave teachers the largest pay raise in the nation; and was named one of Fortune Magazine'''s ten "education governors". Mississippi also had record growth in new jobs, investment, tourism and exports. Because of the gubernatorial succession amendment ratified in 1987, <mask> was eligible to become the first governor to serve two successive terms in more than 100 years, and he ran for reelection in 1991. He was defeated 51% to 48% in the general election by Republican Kirk Fordice, a former Vicksburg construction executive, who portrayed him as "arrogant and out of touch with Mississippi politically", with a New York Times article describing him as a "Porsche politician in a Chevy pickup state". Ambassador to Saudi Arabia
<mask> was appointed by President Bill Clinton to be the United States Ambassador to Saudi Arabia and served from 1994 to 1996. During his tenure, a 1994 border crisis involving Yemen was defused, a 1994 crisis with Iraq was deterred, he presided over the embassy during the 1995 terrorist attack, child abduction cases were addressed, and contracts worth more than $16 billion were signed between Saudi Arabian and American companies such as Boeing, and AT&T.<mask>'s residence and embassy office in Riyadh were decorated with items of interest from his home state including an Ackerman phone book on his office coffee table and the Mississippi flag next to the American flag. Secretary of the Navy
On March 27, 2009, <mask> was nominated by President Obama as Secretary of the Department of the Navy. He was sworn in on May 19, 2009, and held a ceremonial swearing in at Washington Navy Yard on June 18, 2009, where he was re-sworn in by the Secretary of Defense Robert Gates. Ship naming controversies
In April 2010 a furor arose when it was reported that <mask> made the proposal to name a United States Navy warship the after the late Pennsylvania Democratic congressman John Murtha. Additional naming controversies occurred due to the naming of the auxiliary ship after civil rights activist Cesar Chavez who has described his service in the U.S. Navy as "...the worst two years in my life," and a littoral combat ship the after former Arizona Democratic Congresswoman Gabby Giffords, after she suffered life-threatening wounds in the 2011 mass shooting in her home district of Tucson, Arizona. On April 16, 2012, the Navy Secretary returned to Naval tradition of naming certain warships after former U.S. presidents, announcing the next Zumwalt-class destroyer be named the . Even this action represented somewhat of a change to previous norms, since with the exception of the current attack submarine, and the since-decommissioned class of Polaris/Poseidon fleet ballistic missile submarines, all recent U.S. warships named for presidents have been aircraft carriers.Subsequent ship namings include his January 6, 2016, announcement of his naming of another auxiliary ship after civil rights activist and sitting incumbent Georgia Democratic Congressman John Lewis (i.e., ). <mask> further stated that this particular class of auxiliary ship, of which the John Lewis would be the lead ship, would all be named after civil rights leaders. <mask> followed this action with his July 14, 2016, naming of the subsequent after gay rights icon and former San Francisco Democratic politician the late Harvey Milk, who had served as a naval line officer for four years prior to resigning his commission and honorable discharge as a lieutenant, junior grade (LTJG). Gulf Coast restoration plan
President Obama has asked him to develop a long-term Gulf Coast Restoration Plan as soon as possible. The plan will be designed by states, local communities, Native American tribes, fishermen, businesses, conservationists and other Gulf residents. 2013 Navy Yard shooting
On September 16, 2013, gunman Aaron Alexis entered the Washington Navy Yard and killed 13 people and injured 14. Alexis was a 34-year-old military contractor.A Pentagon internal investigation found that the shootings could have been prevented with stricter oversight of security clearances and increased security at the Navy Yard facility. A ceremony was held to mark the one-year anniversary of the Navy Yard massacre, honoring those who were killed and injured. <mask> stated, "We know that their lives are defined not by how they died, but by how they lived and what they lived for, and will be remembered for that always." Budget controversy
After a January 2015 report by the Defense Business Board and McKinsey & Company discovered DoD was spending $134 billion, 23% of its total budget, on back-office work, and that the back-office bureaucracy staff of over one million people was nearly as great as the number of active troops, the Board recommended a plan to cut $125 billion in waste over five years. However, when Ash Carter became Defense Secretary the next month, he replaced the Board chairman, the McKinsey results were classified as secret, and its report was removed from public websites. <mask>Kinsey report, calling the back-office costs "pure overhead" and particularly criticizing the Defense Finance and Accounting Service and the Defense Logistics Agency. Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics Frank Kendall III then wrote to him asking "please refrain from taking any more public pot shots" and "I do not want this spilling over into further public discourse."USMC integration
On January 1, 2016, <mask> ordered the United States Marine Corps to devise a plan on co-integration of male and female recruits in basic training, giving top brass a two-week planning period, along with requesting a subject matter expert, to report the best method of said plan. Departure
<mask> stepped down as Secretary of the Navy in January 2017 upon the inauguration of Donald Trump. He was succeeded by Assistant Navy Secretary Sean Stackley, who became acting Secretary until Richard V. Spencer was sworn in as Secretary in August 2017.
Business ventures
He was Chairman and CEO of Foamex International and helped lead it out of bankruptcy. <mask> serves as a Google Ventures Advisor. Awards, honors, community service
<mask> has been awarded the U.S. Department of Defense Distinguished Public Service Award, the U.S. Army's Distinguished Civilian Service Award, the Martin Luther King Jr. Social Responsibility Award from the King Center for Nonviolent Social Change in Atlanta, the National Wildlife Federation Conservation Achievement Award, the King Abdulaziz Award from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and the Mississippi Association of Educators' Friend of Education Award. He was included in Glassdoor's 2013 list of "Highest Rated CEOs" at 43rd place with an 82% approval rate. He is active in many community activities, primarily focusing on education.Following Hurricane Katrina, he founded the Help and Hope Foundation, which works to meet the needs of children affected by the storm. He was a member of the RAND Center for Middle East Public Policy and the Council on Foreign Relations, and is the Distinguished Lecturer on the Middle East at the University of Mississippi. Personal life
<mask> has been married to the former Lynn Horecky since 2007. He was previously married to the former Julie HInes until their divorce in 2000. <mask> is a fan of the Boston Red Sox having first followed the team during the 1975 World Series while a student at Harvard Law School. In 2009, and again in 2014, <mask> made cameo appearances on the TV drama NCIS in the Season 7 episode "Child's Play", and in the Season 12 episode "Semper Fortis", as an NCIS Agent named "<mask>". He also made a cameo on NCIS: New Orleans in the episode "Insane in the Membrane".In 2012, he appeared in the movie Battleship as the commanding officer of . <mask> made a cameo appearance as himself in the "It's Not a Rumor" episode of the TV series The Last Ship, issuing orders to the crew of the Nathan James'' via a recorded message; in the storyline, by the time the ship received the orders, <mask> had succumbed to the "Red Flu" virus. References
External links
United States Navy bio page
Mississippi Historical Society biography
C-SPAN Q&A interview with <mask>, February 5, 2012
|-
|-
|-
|-
1948 births
Ambassadors of the United States to Saudi Arabia
American Methodists
Democratic Party state governors of the United States
Governors of Mississippi
Harvard Law School alumni
Johns Hopkins University alumni
Living people
Mississippi Democrats
Obama administration personnel
People from Starkville, Mississippi
State Auditors of Mississippi
United States Navy officers
United States Secretaries of the Navy
University of Mississippi alumni
People from Ackerman, Mississippi | [
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] | <mask>. is an American politician, diplomat, and member of the Democratic Party who served as the 75th Secretary of the Navy. <mask> was the State Auditor of Mississippi from 1984 to 1988, the 60th Governor of Mississippi from 1988 to 1992 and the United States Ambassador to Saudi Arabia from 1994 to 1996. <mask> was the only child of the owner of the local hardware store and was born in Starkville, Mississippi. He graduated summa cum laude from the University of Mississippi with a Bachelor of Arts in English and political science. He graduated from Harvard Law School with a magna cum laude. He had traveled throughout Europe, the Middle East, Russia, and Latin America prior to attending law school, as well as serving two years in the Navy as a surface warfare officer. <mask> worked in Washington, D.C. as legal counsel to the United States House Committee on Agriculture.The youthful staff in the governor's office, which included <mask>, Dick Molpus, John Henegan and Andy Mullins, earned the nickname "Boys of Spring" from a rival state legislator. <mask> served as Mississippi's state auditor from 1984 to 1988 and was involved in a large FBI sting operation which recovered millions of misspent or stolen public funds. All but two of the 57 county supervisors who were snared in "Operation Pretense" were sentenced to prison. He became the youngest governor in the United States when he defeated Jack Reed in the 1987 election. He won on a wave of black votes, but lost the white vote due to support from a coalition of poor whites and yuppies. The slogan "Mississippi Will Never Be Last Again" was used by <mask>, who was billed as the "face of the New South". <mask> was featured in a 1988 New York Times Magazine cover story.He passed B.E.S.T. during his time as governor. One of Fortune Magazine''s ten "education governors", Better Education for Success Tomorrow gave teachers the largest pay raise in the nation. New jobs, investment, tourism and exports all increased in Mississippi. <mask> was the first governor to serve two consecutive terms in more than 100 years when he ran for reelection in 1991. He was defeated in the general election by Kirk Fordice, a former Vicksburg construction executive, who portrayed him as "arrogant and out of touch with Mississippi politically", with a New York Times article describing him as a "Porsche politician in a Chevy pickup state". President Bill Clinton appointed <mask> to be the United States Ambassador to Saudi Arabia in 1994. He presided over the embassy during the 1995 terrorist attack, child abduction cases were addressed, and contracts worth more than $16 billion were signed between Saudi Arabian and American companies.<mask>'s residence and embassy office in Riyadh were decorated with items of interest from his home state, including an Ackerman phone book on his office coffee table and a Mississippi flag next to the American flag. President Obama nominated <mask> as Secretary of the Department of the Navy on March 27, 2009. He was re-sworn in by the Secretary of Defense on June 18, 2009, after he was sworn in on May 19, 2009, at Washington Navy Yard. When it was reported that <mask> made the proposal to name the United States Navy after John Murtha, there was a furor. The auxiliary ship was named after Cesar Chavez, a civil rights activist who has described his service in the U.S. Navy as the worst two years of his life. The Navy Secretary announced on April 16, 2012 that the next destroyer would be named after a former U.S. president. The exception of the current attack submarine and the since-decommissioned class of Polaris/Poseidon fleet ballistic missile submarines, all recent U.S. warships named for presidents have been aircraft carriers.The January 6, 2016 announcement of his naming of another auxiliary ship after John Lewis is one of the subsequent ship namings. The John Lewis class of auxiliary ship would be named after civil rights leaders, according to Mabus. On July 14, 2016 <mask> named Harvey Milk, a gay rights icon and former San Francisco Democratic politician, who had served as a naval line officer for four years prior to resigning his commission and honorable discharge as a lieutenant, junior grade, after him. President Obama wants to develop a long-term restoration plan for the Gulf Coast. The plan will be designed by states, local communities, Native American tribes, fishermen, businesses and other Gulf residents. 13 people were killed and 14 were injured in a shooting at the Washington Navy Yard. He was a military contractor.Increased security at the Navy Yard facility and stricter oversight of security clearances were found to have prevented the shootings. A ceremony was held to honor the victims of the Navy Yard massacre. <mask> stated, "We know that their lives are defined not by how they died, but by how they lived and what they lived for, and will be remembered for that always." A January 2015 report by the Defense Business Board and McKinsey & Company found that the Department of Defense was spending more money on back-office work than it did on active troops. The McKinsey report was removed from public websites after Ash Carter became Defense Secretary. <mask> criticized the Defense Finance and Accounting Service and the Defense Logistics Agency in his speech. Frank Kendall III, the Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics, wrote to him asking him to refrain from taking any more public pot shots.On January 1, 2016 <mask> ordered the United States Marine Corps to develop a plan on co-integration of male and female recruits in basic training, giving top brass a two-week planning period, along with requesting a subject matter expert, to report the best method of said plan. After the inauguration of Donald Trump, <mask> stepped down as Secretary of the Navy. He was replaced as Secretary by Richard V. Spencer, who was an assistant Navy Secretary. <mask> is an advisor. The U.S. Department of Defense has 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 He was included in Glassdoor's list of "Highest rated CEOs" at 43rd place with an approval rate of 82%. He focuses on education in many community activities.He founded the Help and Hope Foundation to help children affected by hurricanes. He is the distinguished lecturer on the Middle East at the University of Mississippi. <mask> has been married to Lynn Horecky since 2007. He was previously married to a woman named Julie HInes. <mask> was a student at Harvard Law School when he first followed the Boston Red Sox during the 1975 World Series. <mask> appeared in two episodes of the TV show in 2009, and in the Season 7 episode "Child's Play" and the Season 12 episode "Semper Fortis". In the episode "Insane in the Membrane", he made a brief appearance.He was the commanding officer in the movie Battleship. <mask> made a brief appearance as himself in the "It's Not a Rumor" episode of The Last Ship, issuing orders to the crew of the Nathan James via recorded message, by the time the ship received the orders. References External links United States Navy bio page Mississippi Historical Society biography C-SPAN Q&A interview with <mask> | [
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15832486 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Morrison | David Morrison | Lieutenant General David Lindsay Morrison (born 24 May 1956) is a retired senior officer of the Australian Army. He served as Chief of Army from June 2011 until his retirement in May 2015. He was named Australian of the Year for 2016.
Early life and education
The son of Major General Alan "Alby" Morrison, Morrison attended St Edmund's College, Canberra and the Australian National University, where he studied arts and law. In 1979, he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree and joined the Australian Army. He then graduated from the Officer Cadet School, Portsea into the Royal Australian Infantry Corps.
Military career
In 1987 and 1988, Morrison served as the Australian instructor at the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst, in the United Kingdom.
In 1992, Morrison attended the Army Command and Staff College, Queenscliff, and was then appointed as the Brigade Major of the 3rd Brigade, based in Townsville, Queensland. During that time he took part in Operation Lagoon, acting as chief of staff for a multinational force that provided security to the peace conference held in Bougainville during 1994. The following year he was promoted to lieutenant colonel.
In 1997 he was appointed commanding officer of the 2nd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (2 RAR), holding that position until the end of 1998, when he was posted as the Chief Instructor for the Command, Staff Operations Wing at the Army All Corps Promotion Training Centre in Canungra.
He was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia in 1999 for his services as brigade major, director of Preparedness and Mobilisation and CO of 2 RAR.
Upon promotion to colonel in October 1999, Morrison was appointed as colonel of Operations, Headquarters International Force for East Timor (INTERFET). On his return to Australia, he was posted to the Deployable Joint Force Headquarters (DJFHQ) as chief of staff. He left that position at the end of 2001 to attend the Centre for Defence and Strategic Studies, Canberra, where he graduated in 2002 with a Master of Arts in Strategic Studies.
Morrison was promoted to brigadier in November 2002, and commanded the 3rd Brigade from December 2002 until December 2004. He was then appointed as Director-General Preparedness and Plans – Army (DGPP-A) and held that position until his promotion to major general in December 2005.
He was appointed commander of the Australian Defence College in January 2006, and Head Military Strategic Commitments in April 2007.
Morrison took up the appointment of Deputy Chief of Army in February 2008, replacing Major General John Cantwell. He served in this position until December, when he was appointed Land Commander Australia (LCAUST). Following a re-structure in July 2009, the post of Land Commander Australia was re-designated as Commander Forces Command. Morrison was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia in the Australia Day Honours List of 2010 for distinguished service to the Australian Army in the fields of training and education, military strategic commitments and force structure and capability; in particular, as Commander Australian Defence College, Head Military Strategic Commitments and Deputy Chief of Army.
Army veterans who fought a "decisive ambush against far superior forces" at Thua Tich in Vietnam in 1969 have complained that Morrison argued against their recognition in 2008, which was subsequently approved by Labor defence support secretary Dr Mike Kelly.
Morrison was promoted to lieutenant general on 23 June 2011, and assumed the post of Chief of Army in a ceremony the following day. On 4 April 2014, it was announced that Morrison's term as Chief of Army had been extended for twelve months, to June 2015.
In 2012, Morrison spoke out against defence budget cuts.
In 2013 Morrison, in supporting diversity, authorised the combining of a rainbow flag with the Rising Sun badge. In that year, Morrison also permitted defence personnel to march in the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras. These decisions have been criticised.
In 2013, Morrison obtained a second Master of Arts in Strategic Studies from Deakin University. He received the university's Alumni Lifetime Achievement Award in 2015.
On 25 January 2016, Morrison was made Australian of the Year in a ceremony in Canberra attended by Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull. Morrison listed his three priorities as Australian of the year: "action on a republic, domestic violence and gender equality". Morrison's priorities were criticised.
Women in the military
In June 2013, Civilian Authorities were going to announce the mishandling of serious investigations by the ADF. As a result, Morrison ordered an investigation into several emails sent from Army accounts over a three-year period that were highly demeaning to women, which became known as the "Jedi Council scandal." At a 13 June press conference, Morrison announced that he had suspended three members of the Army, ordered action to consider the suspension of five others, and suggested as many as nine more could face disciplinary action. He described the emails as "explicit, derogatory, demeaning and repugnant," and suggested that the alleged conduct was even worse than the "Skype scandal" of 2011. In a video posted on the Army's official YouTube channel, a visibly irate Morrison described the alleged behaviour as a "direct contravention" of the Army's values. He added that he had been committed ever since becoming Chief of Army to making the Army an inclusive force. "If that does not suit you," he said, "then get out!" He also told anyone not willing to work with women and accept them as equals, "There is no place for you amongst this band of brothers and sisters."
Morrison's speech was written by his speech writer, Lieutenant Colonel Cate McGregor, who is transgender. Morrison, as one of her strongest supporters, refused to accept her resignation from his office when she came out. Seven months after his speech, Morrison attributed "one of the most quoted phrases" in his anti-misogyny speech, "the standard you walk past is the standard you accept," to General David Hurley.
Morrison's aggressive response was widely hailed by Australian and American media, in particular comparing it to the relatively guarded response of the U.S. military to similar accusations.
In June 2014 Morrison formed part of the Australian delegation to the Global Summit To End Sexual Violence in Conflict in London, to which he delivered a speech arguing that armies that separate themselves from civil society, value men over women and celebrate violence "do nothing to distinguish the soldier from the brute".
Controversy
Since the "Jedi Council scandal," information was received by media outlets, that the army, under the control of Morrison, had previously investigated the individuals involved and had failed to find any evidence of the allegations and cleared those involved of any wrongdoing. However, Morrison recommended that the commanding officer be dismissed.
Contrasts have been drawn regarding the differing responses to allegations of sexual misconduct by subordinates, in case of a lieutenant colonel, in the case of Governor-General Peter Hollingworth, and Morrison.
In February 2016, Senator Jacqui Lambie made a speech in the Senate in relation to cases involving former soldiers who claim to have suffered abuse, calling for an inquiry into coverups and Morrison's involvement. The Prime Minister has also agreed to support a general mediation process for those involved.
Post military career
In May 2015 Morrison retired from the army and in September 2015 was appointed chairman of the Diversity Council Australia, a not-for-profit workplace diversity advisor to business in Australia, and as a gender diversity adviser to Deloitte Partners. He is also a motivational speaker.
As an advocate for gender diversity, Morrison campaigned against the use of gender-neutral terms such as 'guys'. In response, Foreign Minister Julie Bishop said the use of generic words such as 'guys' should not cause offence.
Morrison participated in a "Walk a Mile in their Shoes" event demonstrating against family violence. In September 2016 Morrison equated the legacy of domestic violence victims with fallen servicemen and women, proposing an Anzac Day-like memorial for women who have been killed by their partners. The ABC Fact Check has determined that men, women and children can be both victims and perpetrators of domestic violence. Morrison says, "it's not about the statistics... we are all, as a society, the victim."
Honours and awards
References
External links
1956 births
Academics of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst
Australian feminists
Australian generals
Australian military personnel of the International Force for East Timor
Australian National University alumni
Australian of the Year Award winners
Australian republicans
Chiefs of Army (Australia)
Commanders of the Legion of Merit
Graduates of the Officer Cadet School, Portsea
Living people
Male feminists
Officers of the Order of Australia | [
"Lieutenant General David Lindsay Morrison (born 24 May 1956) is a retired senior officer of the Australian Army.",
"He served as Chief of Army from June 2011 until his retirement in May 2015.",
"He was named Australian of the Year for 2016.",
"Early life and education\nThe son of Major General Alan \"Alby\" Morrison, Morrison attended St Edmund's College, Canberra and the Australian National University, where he studied arts and law.",
"In 1979, he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree and joined the Australian Army.",
"He then graduated from the Officer Cadet School, Portsea into the Royal Australian Infantry Corps.",
"Military career\nIn 1987 and 1988, Morrison served as the Australian instructor at the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst, in the United Kingdom.",
"In 1992, Morrison attended the Army Command and Staff College, Queenscliff, and was then appointed as the Brigade Major of the 3rd Brigade, based in Townsville, Queensland.",
"During that time he took part in Operation Lagoon, acting as chief of staff for a multinational force that provided security to the peace conference held in Bougainville during 1994.",
"The following year he was promoted to lieutenant colonel.",
"In 1997 he was appointed commanding officer of the 2nd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (2 RAR), holding that position until the end of 1998, when he was posted as the Chief Instructor for the Command, Staff Operations Wing at the Army All Corps Promotion Training Centre in Canungra.",
"He was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia in 1999 for his services as brigade major, director of Preparedness and Mobilisation and CO of 2 RAR.",
"Upon promotion to colonel in October 1999, Morrison was appointed as colonel of Operations, Headquarters International Force for East Timor (INTERFET).",
"On his return to Australia, he was posted to the Deployable Joint Force Headquarters (DJFHQ) as chief of staff.",
"He left that position at the end of 2001 to attend the Centre for Defence and Strategic Studies, Canberra, where he graduated in 2002 with a Master of Arts in Strategic Studies.",
"Morrison was promoted to brigadier in November 2002, and commanded the 3rd Brigade from December 2002 until December 2004.",
"He was then appointed as Director-General Preparedness and Plans – Army (DGPP-A) and held that position until his promotion to major general in December 2005.",
"He was appointed commander of the Australian Defence College in January 2006, and Head Military Strategic Commitments in April 2007.",
"Morrison took up the appointment of Deputy Chief of Army in February 2008, replacing Major General John Cantwell.",
"He served in this position until December, when he was appointed Land Commander Australia (LCAUST).",
"Following a re-structure in July 2009, the post of Land Commander Australia was re-designated as Commander Forces Command.",
"Morrison was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia in the Australia Day Honours List of 2010 for distinguished service to the Australian Army in the fields of training and education, military strategic commitments and force structure and capability; in particular, as Commander Australian Defence College, Head Military Strategic Commitments and Deputy Chief of Army.",
"Army veterans who fought a \"decisive ambush against far superior forces\" at Thua Tich in Vietnam in 1969 have complained that Morrison argued against their recognition in 2008, which was subsequently approved by Labor defence support secretary Dr Mike Kelly.",
"Morrison was promoted to lieutenant general on 23 June 2011, and assumed the post of Chief of Army in a ceremony the following day.",
"On 4 April 2014, it was announced that Morrison's term as Chief of Army had been extended for twelve months, to June 2015.",
"In 2012, Morrison spoke out against defence budget cuts.",
"In 2013 Morrison, in supporting diversity, authorised the combining of a rainbow flag with the Rising Sun badge.",
"In that year, Morrison also permitted defence personnel to march in the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras.",
"These decisions have been criticised.",
"In 2013, Morrison obtained a second Master of Arts in Strategic Studies from Deakin University.",
"He received the university's Alumni Lifetime Achievement Award in 2015.",
"On 25 January 2016, Morrison was made Australian of the Year in a ceremony in Canberra attended by Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull.",
"Morrison listed his three priorities as Australian of the year: \"action on a republic, domestic violence and gender equality\".",
"Morrison's priorities were criticised.",
"Women in the military\nIn June 2013, Civilian Authorities were going to announce the mishandling of serious investigations by the ADF.",
"As a result, Morrison ordered an investigation into several emails sent from Army accounts over a three-year period that were highly demeaning to women, which became known as the \"Jedi Council scandal.\"",
"At a 13 June press conference, Morrison announced that he had suspended three members of the Army, ordered action to consider the suspension of five others, and suggested as many as nine more could face disciplinary action.",
"He described the emails as \"explicit, derogatory, demeaning and repugnant,\" and suggested that the alleged conduct was even worse than the \"Skype scandal\" of 2011.",
"In a video posted on the Army's official YouTube channel, a visibly irate Morrison described the alleged behaviour as a \"direct contravention\" of the Army's values.",
"He added that he had been committed ever since becoming Chief of Army to making the Army an inclusive force.",
"\"If that does not suit you,\" he said, \"then get out!\"",
"He also told anyone not willing to work with women and accept them as equals, \"There is no place for you amongst this band of brothers and sisters.\"",
"Morrison's speech was written by his speech writer, Lieutenant Colonel Cate McGregor, who is transgender.",
"Morrison, as one of her strongest supporters, refused to accept her resignation from his office when she came out.",
"Seven months after his speech, Morrison attributed \"one of the most quoted phrases\" in his anti-misogyny speech, \"the standard you walk past is the standard you accept,\" to General David Hurley.",
"Morrison's aggressive response was widely hailed by Australian and American media, in particular comparing it to the relatively guarded response of the U.S. military to similar accusations.",
"In June 2014 Morrison formed part of the Australian delegation to the Global Summit To End Sexual Violence in Conflict in London, to which he delivered a speech arguing that armies that separate themselves from civil society, value men over women and celebrate violence \"do nothing to distinguish the soldier from the brute\".",
"Controversy\nSince the \"Jedi Council scandal,\" information was received by media outlets, that the army, under the control of Morrison, had previously investigated the individuals involved and had failed to find any evidence of the allegations and cleared those involved of any wrongdoing.",
"However, Morrison recommended that the commanding officer be dismissed.",
"Contrasts have been drawn regarding the differing responses to allegations of sexual misconduct by subordinates, in case of a lieutenant colonel, in the case of Governor-General Peter Hollingworth, and Morrison.",
"In February 2016, Senator Jacqui Lambie made a speech in the Senate in relation to cases involving former soldiers who claim to have suffered abuse, calling for an inquiry into coverups and Morrison's involvement.",
"The Prime Minister has also agreed to support a general mediation process for those involved.",
"Post military career\nIn May 2015 Morrison retired from the army and in September 2015 was appointed chairman of the Diversity Council Australia, a not-for-profit workplace diversity advisor to business in Australia, and as a gender diversity adviser to Deloitte Partners.",
"He is also a motivational speaker.",
"As an advocate for gender diversity, Morrison campaigned against the use of gender-neutral terms such as 'guys'.",
"In response, Foreign Minister Julie Bishop said the use of generic words such as 'guys' should not cause offence.",
"Morrison participated in a \"Walk a Mile in their Shoes\" event demonstrating against family violence.",
"In September 2016 Morrison equated the legacy of domestic violence victims with fallen servicemen and women, proposing an Anzac Day-like memorial for women who have been killed by their partners.",
"The ABC Fact Check has determined that men, women and children can be both victims and perpetrators of domestic violence.",
"Morrison says, \"it's not about the statistics... we are all, as a society, the victim.\"",
"Honours and awards\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n1956 births\nAcademics of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst\nAustralian feminists\nAustralian generals\nAustralian military personnel of the International Force for East Timor\nAustralian National University alumni\nAustralian of the Year Award winners\nAustralian republicans\nChiefs of Army (Australia)\nCommanders of the Legion of Merit\nGraduates of the Officer Cadet School, Portsea\nLiving people\nMale feminists\nOfficers of the Order of Australia"
] | [
"Lieutenant General David Lindsay Morrison is a retired senior officer of the Australian Army.",
"He retired as Chief of Army in May 2015.",
"He was named Australian of the Year.",
"The son of Major General Alan \"Alby\" Morrison was educated at Morrison St Edmund's College and the Australian National University.",
"He joined the Australian Army after graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree.",
"He joined the Royal Australian Infantry Corps after graduating from the officer cadet school.",
"Morrison was an instructor at the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst, in the United Kingdom.",
"Morrison was appointed as the brigade major of the 3rd brigade after attending the Army Command and Staff College.",
"He was the chief of staff for a multinational force that provided security for the peace conference held in Bougainville in 1994.",
"He was promoted to lieutenant colonel the next year.",
"He was posted as the Chief Instructor for the Command, Staff Operations Wing at the Army All Corps promotion training centre in Canungra at the end of 1998.",
"He was made a Member of the Order of Australia in 1999 for his services as brigade major, director of Preparedness and Mobilisation and CO of 2 RAR.",
"Morrison was appointed as colonel of operations in October 1999 after being promoted to colonel.",
"He was posted to the Deployable Joint Force Headquarters as chief of staff after returning to Australia.",
"He graduated with a Master of Arts in Strategic Studies from the Centre for Defence and Strategic Studies in 2002.",
"Morrison commanded the 3rd brigade from December 2002 until December 2004.",
"He held the position of Director-General Preparedness and Plans until he was promoted to major general in December 2005.",
"In January 2006 he was appointed commander of the Australian Defence College.",
"Morrison took up the position of deputy chief of army in February 2008.",
"He was appointed Land Commander Australia in December.",
"In July of 2009, the post of Land Commander Australia was re-designated as Commander Forces Command.",
"Morrison was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia in the Australia Day Honours List of 2010 for distinguished service to the Australian Army in the fields of training and education, military strategic commitments and force structure and capability.",
"Morrison argued against their recognition in 2008, which was approved by Labor defence support secretary Dr Mike Kelly.",
"Morrison assumed the post of Chief of Army in a ceremony the day after he was promoted to lieutenant general.",
"Morrison's term as Chief of Army was extended for twelve months, to June 2015.",
"Morrison spoke against defence budget cuts.",
"Morrison approved the combining of a rainbow flag with a Rising Sun Badge.",
"Morrison allowed defence personnel to march in the Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras.",
"The decisions have been critiqued.",
"Morrison obtained a second master's degree in strategic studies.",
"He received a lifetime achievement award from the university.",
"Morrison was made Australian of the Year in a ceremony attended by the Prime Minister.",
"Morrison had three priorities for Australian of the year: action on a republic, domestic violence and gender equality.",
"Morrison's priorities were critiqued.",
"The mishandling of serious investigations was going to be announced in June.",
"Morrison ordered an investigation into several emails sent from Army accounts over a three-year period that were highly degrading to women, which became known as the \"Jedi Council scandal.\"",
"At a 13 June press conference, Morrison announced that he had suspended three members of the Army, ordered action to consider the suspension of five others, and suggested as many as nine more could face discipline.",
"He said that the alleged conduct was worse than the \"Skype scandal\" of 2011.",
"Morrison described the alleged behavior as a direct violation of the Army's values in a video posted on the Army's official YouTube channel.",
"He said that he had been committed to making the Army an inclusive force since he became Chief of Army.",
"\"Get out if that doesn't suit you,\" he said.",
"He told anyone not willing to work with women and accept them as equals that there was no place for them in this group of brothers and sisters.",
"Morrison's speech was written by his speech writer.",
"Morrison refused to accept her resignation when she came out.",
"Morrison said one of the most quoted phrases in his anti-misogyny speech was \"the standard you walk past is the standard you accept.\"",
"Morrison's response was praised by Australian and American media as similar to the U.S. military's response to similar accusations.",
"Morrison delivered a speech at the Global Summit To End Sexual Violence in Conflict in London, arguing that armies that separate themselves from civil society, value men over women and celebrate violence \"do nothing to distinguish the soldier from the brute\".",
"According to information received by media outlets, the army, under the control of Morrison, had previously investigated the individuals involved and had failed to find any evidence of the allegations and cleared those involved of any wrongdoing.",
"Morrison recommended that the commanding officer be dismissed.",
"Governor-General Peter Hollingworth and Morrison have differing responses to allegations of sexual misconduct by subordinates.",
"In February 2016 Senator Lambie called for an inquiry into coverups and Morrison's involvement in cases of former soldiers who claim to have suffered abuse.",
"A general mediation process has been agreed to by the Prime Minister.",
"In September 2015, Morrison was appointed chairman of the Diversity Council Australia, a not-for-profit workplace diversity advisor to business in Australia, after retiring from the army.",
"He is a motivational speaker.",
"Morrison was an advocate for gender diversity and against the use of gender-neutral terms.",
"Julie Bishop said the use of generic words shouldn't cause offence.",
"Morrison demonstrated against family violence at the \" Walk a Mile in their Shoes\" event.",
"Morrison compared the legacy of domestic violence victims to fallen servicemen and women and proposed a memorial for women who have been killed by their partners.",
"According to the ABC Fact Check, men, women and children can be victims and perpetrators of domestic violence.",
"Morrison says that it's not about the statistics, we are all victims.",
"There are links to the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst and the International Force for East Timor."
] | Lieutenant General <mask> (born 24 May 1956) is a retired senior officer of the Australian Army. He served as Chief of Army from June 2011 until his retirement in May 2015. He was named Australian of the Year for 2016. Early life and education
The son of Major General Alan "Alby<mask>, <mask> attended St Edmund's College, Canberra and the Australian National University, where he studied arts and law. In 1979, he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree and joined the Australian Army. He then graduated from the Officer Cadet School, Portsea into the Royal Australian Infantry Corps. Military career
In 1987 and 1988, <mask> served as the Australian instructor at the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst, in the United Kingdom.In 1992, <mask> attended the Army Command and Staff College, Queenscliff, and was then appointed as the Brigade Major of the 3rd Brigade, based in Townsville, Queensland. During that time he took part in Operation Lagoon, acting as chief of staff for a multinational force that provided security to the peace conference held in Bougainville during 1994. The following year he was promoted to lieutenant colonel. In 1997 he was appointed commanding officer of the 2nd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (2 RAR), holding that position until the end of 1998, when he was posted as the Chief Instructor for the Command, Staff Operations Wing at the Army All Corps Promotion Training Centre in Canungra. He was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia in 1999 for his services as brigade major, director of Preparedness and Mobilisation and CO of 2 RAR. Upon promotion to colonel in October 1999, <mask> was appointed as colonel of Operations, Headquarters International Force for East Timor (INTERFET). On his return to Australia, he was posted to the Deployable Joint Force Headquarters (DJFHQ) as chief of staff.He left that position at the end of 2001 to attend the Centre for Defence and Strategic Studies, Canberra, where he graduated in 2002 with a Master of Arts in Strategic Studies. <mask> was promoted to brigadier in November 2002, and commanded the 3rd Brigade from December 2002 until December 2004. He was then appointed as Director-General Preparedness and Plans – Army (DGPP-A) and held that position until his promotion to major general in December 2005. He was appointed commander of the Australian Defence College in January 2006, and Head Military Strategic Commitments in April 2007. <mask> took up the appointment of Deputy Chief of Army in February 2008, replacing Major General John Cantwell. He served in this position until December, when he was appointed Land Commander Australia (LCAUST). Following a re-structure in July 2009, the post of Land Commander Australia was re-designated as Commander Forces Command.<mask> was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia in the Australia Day Honours List of 2010 for distinguished service to the Australian Army in the fields of training and education, military strategic commitments and force structure and capability; in particular, as Commander Australian Defence College, Head Military Strategic Commitments and Deputy Chief of Army. Army veterans who fought a "decisive ambush against far superior forces" at Thua Tich in Vietnam in 1969 have complained that <mask> argued against their recognition in 2008, which was subsequently approved by Labor defence support secretary Dr Mike Kelly. <mask> was promoted to lieutenant general on 23 June 2011, and assumed the post of Chief of Army in a ceremony the following day. On 4 April 2014, it was announced that <mask>'s term as Chief of Army had been extended for twelve months, to June 2015. In 2012, <mask> spoke out against defence budget cuts. In 2013 <mask>, in supporting diversity, authorised the combining of a rainbow flag with the Rising Sun badge. In that year, <mask> also permitted defence personnel to march in the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras.These decisions have been criticised. In 2013, <mask> obtained a second Master of Arts in Strategic Studies from Deakin University. He received the university's Alumni Lifetime Achievement Award in 2015. On 25 January 2016, <mask> was made Australian of the Year in a ceremony in Canberra attended by Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull. <mask> listed his three priorities as Australian of the year: "action on a republic, domestic violence and gender equality". <mask>'s priorities were criticised. Women in the military
In June 2013, Civilian Authorities were going to announce the mishandling of serious investigations by the ADF.As a result, <mask> ordered an investigation into several emails sent from Army accounts over a three-year period that were highly demeaning to women, which became known as the "Jedi Council scandal." At a 13 June press conference, <mask> announced that he had suspended three members of the Army, ordered action to consider the suspension of five others, and suggested as many as nine more could face disciplinary action. He described the emails as "explicit, derogatory, demeaning and repugnant," and suggested that the alleged conduct was even worse than the "Skype scandal" of 2011. In a video posted on the Army's official YouTube channel, a visibly irate <mask> described the alleged behaviour as a "direct contravention" of the Army's values. He added that he had been committed ever since becoming Chief of Army to making the Army an inclusive force. "If that does not suit you," he said, "then get out!" He also told anyone not willing to work with women and accept them as equals, "There is no place for you amongst this band of brothers and sisters."<mask>'s speech was written by his speech writer, Lieutenant Colonel Cate McGregor, who is transgender. <mask>, as one of her strongest supporters, refused to accept her resignation from his office when she came out. Seven months after his speech, <mask> attributed "one of the most quoted phrases" in his anti-misogyny speech, "the standard you walk past is the standard you accept," to General <mask>. <mask>'s aggressive response was widely hailed by Australian and American media, in particular comparing it to the relatively guarded response of the U.S. military to similar accusations. In June 2014 <mask> formed part of the Australian delegation to the Global Summit To End Sexual Violence in Conflict in London, to which he delivered a speech arguing that armies that separate themselves from civil society, value men over women and celebrate violence "do nothing to distinguish the soldier from the brute". Controversy
Since the "Jedi Council scandal," information was received by media outlets, that the army, under the control of <mask>, had previously investigated the individuals involved and had failed to find any evidence of the allegations and cleared those involved of any wrongdoing. However, <mask> recommended that the commanding officer be dismissed.Contrasts have been drawn regarding the differing responses to allegations of sexual misconduct by subordinates, in case of a lieutenant colonel, in the case of Governor-General Peter Hollingworth, and <mask>. In February 2016, Senator Jacqui Lambie made a speech in the Senate in relation to cases involving former soldiers who claim to have suffered abuse, calling for an inquiry into coverups and <mask>'s involvement. The Prime Minister has also agreed to support a general mediation process for those involved. Post military career
In May 2015 <mask> retired from the army and in September 2015 was appointed chairman of the Diversity Council Australia, a not-for-profit workplace diversity advisor to business in Australia, and as a gender diversity adviser to Deloitte Partners. He is also a motivational speaker. As an advocate for gender diversity, <mask> campaigned against the use of gender-neutral terms such as 'guys'. In response, Foreign Minister Julie Bishop said the use of generic words such as 'guys' should not cause offence.<mask> participated in a "Walk a Mile in their Shoes" event demonstrating against family violence. In September 2016 <mask> equated the legacy of domestic violence victims with fallen servicemen and women, proposing an Anzac Day-like memorial for women who have been killed by their partners. The ABC Fact Check has determined that men, women and children can be both victims and perpetrators of domestic violence. <mask> says, "it's not about the statistics... we are all, as a society, the victim." Honours and awards
References
External links
1956 births
Academics of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst
Australian feminists
Australian generals
Australian military personnel of the International Force for East Timor
Australian National University alumni
Australian of the Year Award winners
Australian republicans
Chiefs of Army (Australia)
Commanders of the Legion of Merit
Graduates of the Officer Cadet School, Portsea
Living people
Male feminists
Officers of the Order of Australia | [
"David Lindsay Morrison",
"\" Morrison",
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] | Lieutenant General <mask> is a retired senior officer of the Australian Army. He retired as Chief of Army in May 2015. He was named Australian of the Year. The son of Major General Alan "Alby" <mask> was educated at Morrison St Edmund's College and the Australian National University. He joined the Australian Army after graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree. He joined the Royal Australian Infantry Corps after graduating from the officer cadet school. <mask> was an instructor at the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst, in the United Kingdom.<mask> was appointed as the brigade major of the 3rd brigade after attending the Army Command and Staff College. He was the chief of staff for a multinational force that provided security for the peace conference held in Bougainville in 1994. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel the next year. He was posted as the Chief Instructor for the Command, Staff Operations Wing at the Army All Corps promotion training centre in Canungra at the end of 1998. He was made a Member of the Order of Australia in 1999 for his services as brigade major, director of Preparedness and Mobilisation and CO of 2 RAR. <mask> was appointed as colonel of operations in October 1999 after being promoted to colonel. He was posted to the Deployable Joint Force Headquarters as chief of staff after returning to Australia.He graduated with a Master of Arts in Strategic Studies from the Centre for Defence and Strategic Studies in 2002. <mask> commanded the 3rd brigade from December 2002 until December 2004. He held the position of Director-General Preparedness and Plans until he was promoted to major general in December 2005. In January 2006 he was appointed commander of the Australian Defence College. <mask> took up the position of deputy chief of army in February 2008. He was appointed Land Commander Australia in December. In July of 2009, the post of Land Commander Australia was re-designated as Commander Forces Command.<mask> was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia in the Australia Day Honours List of 2010 for distinguished service to the Australian Army in the fields of training and education, military strategic commitments and force structure and capability. <mask> argued against their recognition in 2008, which was approved by Labor defence support secretary Dr Mike Kelly. <mask> assumed the post of Chief of Army in a ceremony the day after he was promoted to lieutenant general. <mask>'s term as Chief of Army was extended for twelve months, to June 2015. <mask> spoke against defence budget cuts. <mask> approved the combining of a rainbow flag with a Rising Sun Badge. <mask> allowed defence personnel to march in the Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras.The decisions have been critiqued. <mask> obtained a second master's degree in strategic studies. He received a lifetime achievement award from the university. <mask> was made Australian of the Year in a ceremony attended by the Prime Minister. <mask> had three priorities for Australian of the year: action on a republic, domestic violence and gender equality. <mask>'s priorities were critiqued. The mishandling of serious investigations was going to be announced in June.<mask> ordered an investigation into several emails sent from Army accounts over a three-year period that were highly degrading to women, which became known as the "Jedi Council scandal." At a 13 June press conference, <mask> announced that he had suspended three members of the Army, ordered action to consider the suspension of five others, and suggested as many as nine more could face discipline. He said that the alleged conduct was worse than the "Skype scandal" of 2011. <mask> described the alleged behavior as a direct violation of the Army's values in a video posted on the Army's official YouTube channel. He said that he had been committed to making the Army an inclusive force since he became Chief of Army. "Get out if that doesn't suit you," he said. He told anyone not willing to work with women and accept them as equals that there was no place for them in this group of brothers and sisters.<mask>'s speech was written by his speech writer. <mask> refused to accept her resignation when she came out. <mask> said one of the most quoted phrases in his anti-misogyny speech was "the standard you walk past is the standard you accept." <mask>'s response was praised by Australian and American media as similar to the U.S. military's response to similar accusations. <mask> delivered a speech at the Global Summit To End Sexual Violence in Conflict in London, arguing that armies that separate themselves from civil society, value men over women and celebrate violence "do nothing to distinguish the soldier from the brute". According to information received by media outlets, the army, under the control of <mask>, had previously investigated the individuals involved and had failed to find any evidence of the allegations and cleared those involved of any wrongdoing. <mask> recommended that the commanding officer be dismissed.Governor-General Peter Hollingworth and <mask> have differing responses to allegations of sexual misconduct by subordinates. In February 2016 Senator Lambie called for an inquiry into coverups and <mask>'s involvement in cases of former soldiers who claim to have suffered abuse. A general mediation process has been agreed to by the Prime Minister. In September 2015, <mask> was appointed chairman of the Diversity Council Australia, a not-for-profit workplace diversity advisor to business in Australia, after retiring from the army. He is a motivational speaker. <mask> was an advocate for gender diversity and against the use of gender-neutral terms. Julie Bishop said the use of generic words shouldn't cause offence.<mask> demonstrated against family violence at the " Walk a Mile in their Shoes" event. <mask> compared the legacy of domestic violence victims to fallen servicemen and women and proposed a memorial for women who have been killed by their partners. According to the ABC Fact Check, men, women and children can be victims and perpetrators of domestic violence. <mask> says that it's not about the statistics, we are all victims. There are links to the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst and the International Force for East Timor. | [
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] |
367560 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis%20Skinner | Dennis Skinner | Dennis Edward Skinner (born 11 February 1932) is a British former politician who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Bolsover from 1970 to 2019. He is a member of the Labour Party.
Known for his left-wing views and acerbic wit, he belonged to the Socialist Campaign Group of Labour MPs. He was a member of Labour's National Executive Committee, with brief breaks, for thirty years, and was the chairman of the Committee in 1988–89. He was one of the longest serving members of the House of Commons and the longest continuously-serving Labour MP. He is a lifelong Eurosceptic.
Early life and career
Born in Clay Cross, Derbyshire, Skinner is the third of nine children. His father Edward Skinner was a coal miner who was sacked after the 1926 general strike, and his mother Lucy was a cleaner. In June 1942, at the age of 10, Skinner won a scholarship to attend Tupton Hall Grammar School after passing the eleven-plus a year early. In 1949, he went on to work as a coal miner at Parkhouse colliery, working there until its closure in 1962. He then worked at Glapwell colliery near Bolsover. In 1956 Skinner entered the Sheffield Star Walk, an amateur walking race, and finished second.
In 1964, at the age of 32, he became the youngest-ever president of the Derbyshire region of the National Union of Mineworkers. After working for 20 years as a miner, he became a member of Derbyshire County Council and a Clay Cross councillor in the 1960s. In 1967, he attended Ruskin College, after completing a course run by the National Union of Mineworkers at the University of Sheffield.
Parliamentary career
In 1956, Skinner joined the Labour Party. He was chosen as Parliamentary Prospective candidate for Bolsover on 5 June 1969. Skinner was elected as MP for the-then safe Labour seat of Bolsover at the 1970 general election and retained it until he lost it at the 2019 general election to Mark Fletcher of the Conservative Party.
Due to his aggressive rhetoric, Skinner became known as the "Beast of Bolsover". Skinner recalls that he earned the nickname for his behaviour in a tribute debate in the Commons following the death of former Conservative Prime Minister Sir Anthony Eden in 1977: "They were making speeches about the wonder of Anthony Eden, so I got up and talked about miners and people seriously injured and dead in the pits and the £200 given to the widow. There was booing and then all the Tories left and the papers had a go, some serious ones".
During his tenure in the Commons, Skinner would usually sit on the first seat of the front bench below the gangway in the Commons (known as the 'Awkward Squad Bench' because it is where rebel Labour Party MPs have traditionally sat) in a tweed jacket (whilst most other MPs wear suits) and signature red tie. In 2016, he stated that he had never sent an email and did not have a Twitter account.
Skinner was a strong supporter of the National Union of Mineworkers and their leader Arthur Scargill in the 1984–85 miners' strike. Skinner refused to accept a parliamentary salary in excess of miners' wages, and during the miners' strike he donated his wages to the NUM.
Skinner has voted for equalisation of the age of consent, civil partnerships, adoption rights for same-sex couples, to outlaw discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation, and for same-sex couples to marry, and has a strongly pro-choice stance on abortion. On 20 January 1989, he talked out a move to reduce the number of weeks at which an abortion can be legally performed in Britain by moving the writ for the Richmond by-election. On 7 June 1985, he talked out a bill by UUP backbencher Enoch Powell which would have banned stem cell research by moving the writ for the by-election in Brecon and Radnor. Skinner later described this as his proudest political moment.
in 1979, Skinner played a role in publicly exposing Anthony Blunt as a spy for the Soviet Union. On Thursday 15 November 1979, Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher revealed Blunt's wartime role in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom in reply to questions put to her by Ted Leadbitter, MP for Hartlepool, and Skinner:
Mr. Leadbitter and Mr. Skinner: Asked the Prime Minister if she will make a statement on recent evidence concerning the actions of an individual, whose name has been supplied to her, in relation to the security of the United Kingdom.
The Prime Minister: "The name which the hon. Member for Hartlepool (Mr. Leadbitter) has given me is that of Sir Anthony Blunt."
In 2000, Skinner denounced former ally Ken Livingstone, then serving as a Labour MP. Livingstone had failed to win the party's nomination to be a candidate for Mayor of London, and had then decided to run as an independent candidate instead, urging his supporters to help Green Party candidates get elected. Skinner said that Livingstone had betrayed Labour Party activists in his Brent East constituency, whom he described as having fought for him "like tigers" when his majority had been small: "He tells them he's going to be the Labour candidate, then he lies to them. To me that's as low as you can get". He contrasted Livingstone with the official Labour candidate, Frank Dobson, saying that Dobson was "a bloke and a half... not a prima donna ... not someone with an ego as big as a house". Skinner said Livingstone would "hit the headlines, but you'll never be able to trust him because he's broken his pledge and his loyalty to his party. The personality cult of the ego does not work down a coal mine and it does not work in the Labour Party".
Conversely, despite his renowned left-wing views, Skinner for a long time had a positive relationship with Prime Minister Tony Blair, a leading figure on the right-wing of the party, stemming from advice that Skinner gave Blair regarding public speaking. As recently as February 2018, he described the Blair and Brown ministries as a "golden period" for the NHS. However, Skinner strongly criticised Blair in May 2019, after the former Prime Minister had advised pro-Remain Labour supporters who felt that the party's line on Brexit was too ambiguous to vote for explicitly pro-Remain parties in the 2019 European Parliament election; in the Morning Star, Skinner described Blair as a "destructive force" who was "try(ing) to destroy the Labour Party so people keep talking about his reign" and stating that he "went into Iraq and destroyed himself. He helped David Cameron and Theresa May into power. You're talking about a man who made a mess of it."
In 2003, Skinner was among the quarter of Labour MPs who voted against the Iraq War; he later rebelled against the party line when he voted against government policy to allow terror suspects to be detained without trial for up to 90 days. In 2007, Skinner and 88 other Labour MPs voted against the Labour Government's policy of renewing the Trident Nuclear Missile System.
Skinner supported David Miliband in the 2010 Labour leadership election, which was won by his brother Ed Miliband. In March 2011, he was one of 15 MPs who voted against British participation in NATO's Libya intervention.
Skinner was one of 36 Labour MPs to nominate Jeremy Corbyn as a candidate in the Labour leadership election of 2015. Shortly after Corbyn was elected as leader, Skinner was elected to Labour's National Executive Committee, on which he remained until October 2016. Skinner supported Corbyn, alongside the majority of Labour MPs, in voting against the extension of RAF airstrikes against ISIS in Syria in December 2015. Skinner voted for Britain to leave the European Union in June 2016 and favours outright abolition of the House of Lords.
Following the retirement of Peter Tapsell in 2015, Skinner was one of the four longest-serving MPs, but did not become Father of the House, as two other MPs, who were also first elected in 1970, had been sworn in earlier on the same day and consecutively both held that position: Gerald Kaufman (2015–2017) and Kenneth Clarke (2017–2019). Skinner, the oldest sitting MP since 2017, stated that in any case he would not accept the honorific title. In 2019, with Clarke's impending retirement, the issue of Skinner becoming Father of the House resurfaced but was rendered moot, when Skinner lost his seat at the 2019 general election.
Suspensions
Skinner was suspended from Parliament on at least ten occasions, usually for unparliamentary language when attacking opponents. Notable infractions included:
In 1981, accusing speaker of the House of Commons George Thomas of attending functions to raise funds for the Conservative Party.
Twice in 1984, once for calling David Owen a "pompous sod" (and only agreeing to withdraw "pompous"), and the second time for stating Margaret Thatcher would "bribe judges".
In 1992, referring to the Minister of Agriculture John Gummer as "a little squirt of a Minister" and "a slimy wart on Margaret Thatcher's nose".
In 1995, accusing the Major government of a "crooked deal" to sell off Britain's coal mines.
In 2005, when referring to the economic record of the Conservatives in the 1980s, making the remark, "The only thing that was growing then were the lines of coke in front of 'Boy George' and the rest of the Tories", a reference to allegations originally published in the Sunday Mirror of cocaine use by the newly appointed Shadow Chancellor, George Osborne (though, in the Commons, Skinner referred to the News of the World).
In 2006, accusing Deputy Speaker Alan Haselhurst of leniency towards remarks made by opposition frontbencher and future Prime Minister Theresa May "because she's a Tory".
In 2016, for referring to Prime Minister David Cameron as "dodgy Dave" in relation to Cameron's tax affairs.
Queen's Speech quips
Known for his republican sentiments, Skinner regularly heckled during the annual Queen's Speech ceremony. He did this upon the arrival of Black Rod (the symbol of royal authority in the House of Lords) to summon MPs to hear the Queen's speech in the Lords' chamber. The best known, according to the New Statesman and other sources, are listed as follows:
Popular culture
Nature of the Beast documentary
A documentary about Skinner sanctioned by him, Nature of the Beast, was completed in 2017 by production company Shut Out The Light. The documentary traces Skinner's rise to political icon status and covers his working-class upbringing, his family influences and his hobbies away from "The Palace of Varieties". Skinner's four surviving brothers and several of his Bolsover constituents were interviewed for the documentary.
Stage play
Derby Theatre commissioned Kevin Fegan to write a play inspired by Skinner, entitled The Palace of Varieties – life and times of Dennis Skinner, to be performed at Derby Theatre in early 2022.
After parliament
In 2020, Skinner endorsed Richard Burgon for Deputy Leader of the Labour Party.
On 6 May 2020, he was named honorary president of the Socialist Campaign Group.
In September 2020 Robb Johnson's song about Skinner, Tony Skinner's Lad, topped the Amazon download chart.
Personal life
In 1960, Skinner married Mary Parker. The couple have three children, all of whom attended his old school and graduated from the University of Manchester. He and his wife separated in 1989. His current partner is former researcher Lois Blasenheim.
In 1999 Skinner was diagnosed with advanced bladder cancer and subsequently had surgery to remove a malignant tumour. In 2003 he underwent a double heart bypass operation. He underwent hip surgery in 2019. He was too ill to campaign in the 2019 General Election after he was hospitalised with a dangerous infection following the hip operation. He was not present at the count when he lost his seat.
Skinner's mother was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease prior to her death in the 1980s. Skinner sang to his late mother when she was diagnosed with the disease and was inspired by her ability to recall old songs. Since 2008 he has visited care homes in Derbyshire to sing to elderly patients with dementia.
Skinner is a supporter of Derby County Football Club and Derbyshire County Cricket Club.
References
External links
Biography at Stuart Thomson
Contact details at This Is Derbyshire
on the
This much I know, Skinner runs down some matters of importance to him, hosted by The Guardian
Articles
Giving George Osborne a line of wit in December 2005
Junction 29A in December 2004
Heart bypass in March 2003
1932 births
Living people
Alumni of Ruskin College
British Eurosceptics
Chairs of the Labour Party (UK)
Councillors in Derbyshire
European democratic socialists
English miners
English republicans
English trade unionists
Labour Party (UK) councillors
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for constituencies in Derbyshire
National Union of Mineworkers-sponsored MPs
People educated at Tupton Hall School
People from Clay Cross
UK MPs 1970–1974
UK MPs 1974
UK MPs 1974–1979
UK MPs 1979–1983
UK MPs 1983–1987
UK MPs 1987–1992
UK MPs 1992–1997
UK MPs 1997–2001
UK MPs 2001–2005
UK MPs 2005–2010
UK MPs 2010–2015
UK MPs 2015–2017
UK MPs 2017–2019 | [
"Dennis Edward Skinner (born 11 February 1932) is a British former politician who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Bolsover from 1970 to 2019.",
"He is a member of the Labour Party.",
"Known for his left-wing views and acerbic wit, he belonged to the Socialist Campaign Group of Labour MPs.",
"He was a member of Labour's National Executive Committee, with brief breaks, for thirty years, and was the chairman of the Committee in 1988–89.",
"He was one of the longest serving members of the House of Commons and the longest continuously-serving Labour MP.",
"He is a lifelong Eurosceptic.",
"Early life and career\nBorn in Clay Cross, Derbyshire, Skinner is the third of nine children.",
"His father Edward Skinner was a coal miner who was sacked after the 1926 general strike, and his mother Lucy was a cleaner.",
"In June 1942, at the age of 10, Skinner won a scholarship to attend Tupton Hall Grammar School after passing the eleven-plus a year early.",
"In 1949, he went on to work as a coal miner at Parkhouse colliery, working there until its closure in 1962.",
"He then worked at Glapwell colliery near Bolsover.",
"In 1956 Skinner entered the Sheffield Star Walk, an amateur walking race, and finished second.",
"In 1964, at the age of 32, he became the youngest-ever president of the Derbyshire region of the National Union of Mineworkers.",
"After working for 20 years as a miner, he became a member of Derbyshire County Council and a Clay Cross councillor in the 1960s.",
"In 1967, he attended Ruskin College, after completing a course run by the National Union of Mineworkers at the University of Sheffield.",
"Parliamentary career\nIn 1956, Skinner joined the Labour Party.",
"He was chosen as Parliamentary Prospective candidate for Bolsover on 5 June 1969.",
"Skinner was elected as MP for the-then safe Labour seat of Bolsover at the 1970 general election and retained it until he lost it at the 2019 general election to Mark Fletcher of the Conservative Party.",
"Due to his aggressive rhetoric, Skinner became known as the \"Beast of Bolsover\".",
"Skinner recalls that he earned the nickname for his behaviour in a tribute debate in the Commons following the death of former Conservative Prime Minister Sir Anthony Eden in 1977: \"They were making speeches about the wonder of Anthony Eden, so I got up and talked about miners and people seriously injured and dead in the pits and the £200 given to the widow.",
"There was booing and then all the Tories left and the papers had a go, some serious ones\".",
"During his tenure in the Commons, Skinner would usually sit on the first seat of the front bench below the gangway in the Commons (known as the 'Awkward Squad Bench' because it is where rebel Labour Party MPs have traditionally sat) in a tweed jacket (whilst most other MPs wear suits) and signature red tie.",
"In 2016, he stated that he had never sent an email and did not have a Twitter account.",
"Skinner was a strong supporter of the National Union of Mineworkers and their leader Arthur Scargill in the 1984–85 miners' strike.",
"Skinner refused to accept a parliamentary salary in excess of miners' wages, and during the miners' strike he donated his wages to the NUM.",
"Skinner has voted for equalisation of the age of consent, civil partnerships, adoption rights for same-sex couples, to outlaw discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation, and for same-sex couples to marry, and has a strongly pro-choice stance on abortion.",
"On 20 January 1989, he talked out a move to reduce the number of weeks at which an abortion can be legally performed in Britain by moving the writ for the Richmond by-election.",
"On 7 June 1985, he talked out a bill by UUP backbencher Enoch Powell which would have banned stem cell research by moving the writ for the by-election in Brecon and Radnor.",
"Skinner later described this as his proudest political moment.",
"in 1979, Skinner played a role in publicly exposing Anthony Blunt as a spy for the Soviet Union.",
"On Thursday 15 November 1979, Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher revealed Blunt's wartime role in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom in reply to questions put to her by Ted Leadbitter, MP for Hartlepool, and Skinner:\nMr. Leadbitter and Mr. Skinner: Asked the Prime Minister if she will make a statement on recent evidence concerning the actions of an individual, whose name has been supplied to her, in relation to the security of the United Kingdom.",
"The Prime Minister: \"The name which the hon.",
"Member for Hartlepool (Mr. Leadbitter) has given me is that of Sir Anthony Blunt.\"",
"In 2000, Skinner denounced former ally Ken Livingstone, then serving as a Labour MP.",
"Livingstone had failed to win the party's nomination to be a candidate for Mayor of London, and had then decided to run as an independent candidate instead, urging his supporters to help Green Party candidates get elected.",
"Skinner said that Livingstone had betrayed Labour Party activists in his Brent East constituency, whom he described as having fought for him \"like tigers\" when his majority had been small: \"He tells them he's going to be the Labour candidate, then he lies to them.",
"To me that's as low as you can get\".",
"He contrasted Livingstone with the official Labour candidate, Frank Dobson, saying that Dobson was \"a bloke and a half... not a prima donna ... not someone with an ego as big as a house\".",
"Skinner said Livingstone would \"hit the headlines, but you'll never be able to trust him because he's broken his pledge and his loyalty to his party.",
"The personality cult of the ego does not work down a coal mine and it does not work in the Labour Party\".",
"Conversely, despite his renowned left-wing views, Skinner for a long time had a positive relationship with Prime Minister Tony Blair, a leading figure on the right-wing of the party, stemming from advice that Skinner gave Blair regarding public speaking.",
"As recently as February 2018, he described the Blair and Brown ministries as a \"golden period\" for the NHS.",
"However, Skinner strongly criticised Blair in May 2019, after the former Prime Minister had advised pro-Remain Labour supporters who felt that the party's line on Brexit was too ambiguous to vote for explicitly pro-Remain parties in the 2019 European Parliament election; in the Morning Star, Skinner described Blair as a \"destructive force\" who was \"try(ing) to destroy the Labour Party so people keep talking about his reign\" and stating that he \"went into Iraq and destroyed himself.",
"He helped David Cameron and Theresa May into power.",
"You're talking about a man who made a mess of it.\"",
"In 2003, Skinner was among the quarter of Labour MPs who voted against the Iraq War; he later rebelled against the party line when he voted against government policy to allow terror suspects to be detained without trial for up to 90 days.",
"In 2007, Skinner and 88 other Labour MPs voted against the Labour Government's policy of renewing the Trident Nuclear Missile System.",
"Skinner supported David Miliband in the 2010 Labour leadership election, which was won by his brother Ed Miliband.",
"In March 2011, he was one of 15 MPs who voted against British participation in NATO's Libya intervention.",
"Skinner was one of 36 Labour MPs to nominate Jeremy Corbyn as a candidate in the Labour leadership election of 2015.",
"Shortly after Corbyn was elected as leader, Skinner was elected to Labour's National Executive Committee, on which he remained until October 2016.",
"Skinner supported Corbyn, alongside the majority of Labour MPs, in voting against the extension of RAF airstrikes against ISIS in Syria in December 2015.",
"Skinner voted for Britain to leave the European Union in June 2016 and favours outright abolition of the House of Lords.",
"Following the retirement of Peter Tapsell in 2015, Skinner was one of the four longest-serving MPs, but did not become Father of the House, as two other MPs, who were also first elected in 1970, had been sworn in earlier on the same day and consecutively both held that position: Gerald Kaufman (2015–2017) and Kenneth Clarke (2017–2019).",
"Skinner, the oldest sitting MP since 2017, stated that in any case he would not accept the honorific title.",
"In 2019, with Clarke's impending retirement, the issue of Skinner becoming Father of the House resurfaced but was rendered moot, when Skinner lost his seat at the 2019 general election.",
"Suspensions\nSkinner was suspended from Parliament on at least ten occasions, usually for unparliamentary language when attacking opponents.",
"Notable infractions included:\n In 1981, accusing speaker of the House of Commons George Thomas of attending functions to raise funds for the Conservative Party.",
"Twice in 1984, once for calling David Owen a \"pompous sod\" (and only agreeing to withdraw \"pompous\"), and the second time for stating Margaret Thatcher would \"bribe judges\".",
"In 1992, referring to the Minister of Agriculture John Gummer as \"a little squirt of a Minister\" and \"a slimy wart on Margaret Thatcher's nose\".",
"In 1995, accusing the Major government of a \"crooked deal\" to sell off Britain's coal mines.",
"In 2005, when referring to the economic record of the Conservatives in the 1980s, making the remark, \"The only thing that was growing then were the lines of coke in front of 'Boy George' and the rest of the Tories\", a reference to allegations originally published in the Sunday Mirror of cocaine use by the newly appointed Shadow Chancellor, George Osborne (though, in the Commons, Skinner referred to the News of the World).",
"In 2006, accusing Deputy Speaker Alan Haselhurst of leniency towards remarks made by opposition frontbencher and future Prime Minister Theresa May \"because she's a Tory\".",
"In 2016, for referring to Prime Minister David Cameron as \"dodgy Dave\" in relation to Cameron's tax affairs.",
"Queen's Speech quips\nKnown for his republican sentiments, Skinner regularly heckled during the annual Queen's Speech ceremony.",
"He did this upon the arrival of Black Rod (the symbol of royal authority in the House of Lords) to summon MPs to hear the Queen's speech in the Lords' chamber.",
"The best known, according to the New Statesman and other sources, are listed as follows:\n\nPopular culture\n\nNature of the Beast documentary\n\nA documentary about Skinner sanctioned by him, Nature of the Beast, was completed in 2017 by production company Shut Out The Light.",
"The documentary traces Skinner's rise to political icon status and covers his working-class upbringing, his family influences and his hobbies away from \"The Palace of Varieties\".",
"Skinner's four surviving brothers and several of his Bolsover constituents were interviewed for the documentary.",
"Stage play\nDerby Theatre commissioned Kevin Fegan to write a play inspired by Skinner, entitled The Palace of Varieties – life and times of Dennis Skinner, to be performed at Derby Theatre in early 2022.",
"After parliament\nIn 2020, Skinner endorsed Richard Burgon for Deputy Leader of the Labour Party.",
"On 6 May 2020, he was named honorary president of the Socialist Campaign Group.",
"In September 2020 Robb Johnson's song about Skinner, Tony Skinner's Lad, topped the Amazon download chart.",
"Personal life\nIn 1960, Skinner married Mary Parker.",
"The couple have three children, all of whom attended his old school and graduated from the University of Manchester.",
"He and his wife separated in 1989.",
"His current partner is former researcher Lois Blasenheim.",
"In 1999 Skinner was diagnosed with advanced bladder cancer and subsequently had surgery to remove a malignant tumour.",
"In 2003 he underwent a double heart bypass operation.",
"He underwent hip surgery in 2019.",
"He was too ill to campaign in the 2019 General Election after he was hospitalised with a dangerous infection following the hip operation.",
"He was not present at the count when he lost his seat.",
"Skinner's mother was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease prior to her death in the 1980s.",
"Skinner sang to his late mother when she was diagnosed with the disease and was inspired by her ability to recall old songs.",
"Since 2008 he has visited care homes in Derbyshire to sing to elderly patients with dementia.",
"Skinner is a supporter of Derby County Football Club and Derbyshire County Cricket Club.",
"References\n\nExternal links\n\n \n Biography at Stuart Thomson\n Contact details at This Is Derbyshire\n on the \n This much I know, Skinner runs down some matters of importance to him, hosted by The Guardian\n \n \n\nArticles\n Giving George Osborne a line of wit in December 2005\n Junction 29A in December 2004\n Heart bypass in March 2003\n\n1932 births\nLiving people\nAlumni of Ruskin College\nBritish Eurosceptics\nChairs of the Labour Party (UK)\nCouncillors in Derbyshire\nEuropean democratic socialists\nEnglish miners\nEnglish republicans\nEnglish trade unionists\nLabour Party (UK) councillors\nMembers of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for constituencies in Derbyshire\nNational Union of Mineworkers-sponsored MPs\nPeople educated at Tupton Hall School\nPeople from Clay Cross\nUK MPs 1970–1974\nUK MPs 1974\nUK MPs 1974–1979\nUK MPs 1979–1983\nUK MPs 1983–1987\nUK MPs 1987–1992\nUK MPs 1992–1997\nUK MPs 1997–2001\nUK MPs 2001–2005\nUK MPs 2005–2010\nUK MPs 2010–2015\nUK MPs 2015–2017\nUK MPs 2017–2019"
] | [
"Dennis Edward Skinner was a Member of Parliament for Bolsover from 1970 to 2019.",
"He is a member of a political party.",
"He was a member of the Socialist Campaign Group of Labour MPs.",
"He was a member of the Labour's National Executive Committee for thirty years with brief breaks.",
"He was one of the longest serving members of the House of Commons.",
"He's a lifelong Eurosceptic.",
"Skinner is the third of nine children.",
"Edward Skinner was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217",
"In 1942, at the age of 10, Skinner won a scholarship to attend Tupton Hall Grammar School after passing the eleven-plus a year early.",
"He worked as a coal miner at Parkhouse colliery until it closed in 1962.",
"He worked at a colliery near Bolsover.",
"Skinner finished second in the Star Walk, an amateur walking race.",
"He became the youngest-ever president of the National Union of Mineworkers at the age of 32.",
"After working as a miner for 20 years, he became a member of the council.",
"After finishing a course run by the National Union of Mineworkers, he attended Ruskin College.",
"Skinner was a member of the Labour Party.",
"He was the Parliamentary Prospective candidate for Bolsover.",
"The safe Labour seat of Bolsover was retained by Skinner until he lost it in the general election in 2019.",
"Skinner became known as the \"Beast of Bolsover\" due to his aggressive rhetoric.",
"Skinner said that he earned the nickname for his behavior in a tribute debate in the Commons after the death of former Conservative Prime Minister Sir Anthony Eden.",
"The papers had a go and there was a lot of booing.",
"The first seat of the front bench in the Commons is known as the 'Awkward Squad Bench' because it is where rebel Labour Party MPs have traditionally sat.",
"He stated in 2016 that he had never sent an email.",
"Skinner supported the National Union of Mineworkers during the 1984–85 miners' strike.",
"Skinner donated his wages to the NUM when he refused to accept a parliamentary salary in excess of miners' wages.",
"Skinner supports equalisation of the age of consent, civil partnerships, adoption rights for same-sex couples, to outlaw discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation, and for same-sex couples to marry.",
"He talked about reducing the number of weeks at which an abortion can be performed in Britain by moving the writ for a by-election.",
"On 7 June 1985, he spoke out against a bill that would have banned stem cell research by moving the writ for a by-election.",
"Skinner described this as his proudest political moment.",
"Skinner was involved in exposing Anthony Blunt as a spy for the Soviet Union.",
"In reply to questions put to her by Mr. Leadbitter and Mr. Skinner, the Prime Minister revealed that she had been in the House of Commons during the war.",
"The Prime Minister has a name.",
"Mr. Leadbitter gave me the name of Sir Anthony Blunt.",
"Skinner denounced Ken Livingstone in 2000.",
"Livingstone decided to run as an independent candidate after failing to win the party's nomination to be a candidate for Mayor of London.",
"Livingstone betrayed Labour Party activists in his constituency when his majority had been small, according to Skinner.",
"To me it's as low as you can get.",
"Livingstone was compared to Frank Dobson by saying that he was a bloke and a half and not someone with an ego as big as a house.",
"Livingstone would hit the headlines, but you'll never be able to trust him because he's broken his pledge and loyalty to his party, said Skinner.",
"The personality cult of the ego does not work in the Labour Party.",
"Despite his left-wing views, Skinner had a good relationship with Prime Minister Tony Blair, who was a leader on the right-wing of the party.",
"The Blair and Brown ministries were described as a \"golden period\" by him in February.",
"In the Morning Star, Skinner criticized Blair after the former Prime Minister advised pro-Remain Labour supporters to vote for pro-Remain parties in the European Parliament election.",
"He helped Theresa May get into power.",
"You're talking about a man who made a mess of something.",
"Skinner was part of a quarter of Labour MPs who voted against the Iraq War and later voted against the government's policy to allow terror suspects to be held without trial for up to 90 days.",
"Skinner and 88 other Labour MPs voted against the Labour Government's policy of renewing the nuclear missile system.",
"Skinner supported his brother in the Labour leadership election.",
"He was one of 15 MPs who voted against British participation in NATO's Libya intervention.",
"Skinner was one of 36 Labour MPs who nominated Jeremy Corbyn in the Labour leadership election of 2015.",
"Skinner remained on the Labour's National Executive Committee until October 2016 after he was elected to it.",
"Skinner supported the majority of Labour MPs in voting against the extension of the air strikes against the Islamic State in Syria.",
"In June 2016 Skinner voted for Britain to leave the European Union.",
"After the retirement of Peter Tapsell in 2015, Skinner was one of the four longest-serving MPs, but did not become Father of the House, as two other MPs, who were also first elected in 1970, both held that position.",
"Skinner stated that he would not accept the honorific title.",
"The issue of Skinner becoming Father of the House was put to rest when Skinner lost his seat in the general election.",
"Skinner was suspended from Parliament at least ten times for unparliamentary language.",
"In 1981 the speaker of the House of Commons was accused of attending functions to raise funds for the Conservative Party.",
"Twice in 1984 for calling David Owen a \"pompous sod\", and the second time for saying Margaret Thatcher would bribe judges.",
"The Minister of Agriculture John Gummer was referred to as a little squirt of a Minister and a slimy wart on Margaret Thatcher's nose.",
"The Major government was accused of a \"crooked deal\" to sell off Britain's coal mines.",
"\"The only thing that was growing then were the lines of coke in front of 'Boy George' and the rest of the Conservatives\", was a reference to allegations originally published in the Sunday Mirror.",
"Theresa May accused Alan Haselhurst of being soft on her because she's a Conservative.",
"The Prime Minister was referred to as \"dodgy Dave\" in relation to his tax affairs.",
"Skinner frequently heckled during the Queen's Speech ceremony.",
"Black Rod, the symbol of royal authority in the House of Lords, was brought to summon MPs to hear the Queen's speech.",
"According to the New Statesman and other sources, the best known is the Nature of the Beast documentary.",
"The documentary shows Skinner's rise to political icon status and his upbringing in the working class.",
"Skinner's four surviving brothers were interviewed for a documentary.",
"Kevin Fegan was commissioned by Derby Theatre to write a play based on Dennis Skinner's life and times.",
"Skinner endorsed Richard Burgon for deputy leader of the Labour Party.",
"He was made an officer of the Socialist Campaign Group.",
"Robb Johnson's song about Tony Skinner's Lad topped the Amazon download chart in September 2020.",
"Skinner married Mary Parker in 1960.",
"Three of the couple's children attended his old school and graduated from the University of Manchester.",
"He and his wife separated.",
"His partner is a former researcher.",
"Skinner was diagnosed with bladder cancer in 1999 and had surgery to remove it.",
"He had a double heart bypass operation.",
"He had hip surgery in 2019.",
"He was too ill to campaign in the election after he was hospitalized with a dangerous infection.",
"He lost his seat at the count.",
"Skinner's mother was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease before she died.",
"Skinner was inspired by his mother's ability to recall old songs when he sang to her after she was diagnosed with the disease.",
"He has sung to elderly patients with dementia in care homes.",
"Skinner supports the Derby County Football Club and the Derbyshire County Cricket Club.",
"Skinner runs down some matters of importance to him, hosted by The Guardian Articles, which gave George Osborne a line of wit in December 2005."
] | <mask> (born 11 February 1932) is a British former politician who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Bolsover from 1970 to 2019. He is a member of the Labour Party. Known for his left-wing views and acerbic wit, he belonged to the Socialist Campaign Group of Labour MPs. He was a member of Labour's National Executive Committee, with brief breaks, for thirty years, and was the chairman of the Committee in 1988–89. He was one of the longest serving members of the House of Commons and the longest continuously-serving Labour MP. He is a lifelong Eurosceptic. Early life and career
Born in Clay Cross, Derbyshire, <mask> is the third of nine children.His father <mask> was a coal miner who was sacked after the 1926 general strike, and his mother Lucy was a cleaner. In June 1942, at the age of 10, <mask> won a scholarship to attend Tupton Hall Grammar School after passing the eleven-plus a year early. In 1949, he went on to work as a coal miner at Parkhouse colliery, working there until its closure in 1962. He then worked at Glapwell colliery near Bolsover. In 1956 <mask> entered the Sheffield Star Walk, an amateur walking race, and finished second. In 1964, at the age of 32, he became the youngest-ever president of the Derbyshire region of the National Union of Mineworkers. After working for 20 years as a miner, he became a member of Derbyshire County Council and a Clay Cross councillor in the 1960s.In 1967, he attended Ruskin College, after completing a course run by the National Union of Mineworkers at the University of Sheffield. Parliamentary career
In 1956, <mask> joined the Labour Party. He was chosen as Parliamentary Prospective candidate for Bolsover on 5 June 1969. <mask> was elected as MP for the-then safe Labour seat of Bolsover at the 1970 general election and retained it until he lost it at the 2019 general election to Mark Fletcher of the Conservative Party. Due to his aggressive rhetoric, <mask> became known as the "Beast of Bolsover". <mask> recalls that he earned the nickname for his behaviour in a tribute debate in the Commons following the death of former Conservative Prime Minister Sir Anthony Eden in 1977: "They were making speeches about the wonder of Anthony Eden, so I got up and talked about miners and people seriously injured and dead in the pits and the £200 given to the widow. There was booing and then all the Tories left and the papers had a go, some serious ones".During his tenure in the Commons, <mask> would usually sit on the first seat of the front bench below the gangway in the Commons (known as the 'Awkward Squad Bench' because it is where rebel Labour Party MPs have traditionally sat) in a tweed jacket (whilst most other MPs wear suits) and signature red tie. In 2016, he stated that he had never sent an email and did not have a Twitter account. <mask> was a strong supporter of the National Union of Mineworkers and their leader Arthur Scargill in the 1984–85 miners' strike. <mask> refused to accept a parliamentary salary in excess of miners' wages, and during the miners' strike he donated his wages to the NUM. <mask> has voted for equalisation of the age of consent, civil partnerships, adoption rights for same-sex couples, to outlaw discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation, and for same-sex couples to marry, and has a strongly pro-choice stance on abortion. On 20 January 1989, he talked out a move to reduce the number of weeks at which an abortion can be legally performed in Britain by moving the writ for the Richmond by-election. On 7 June 1985, he talked out a bill by UUP backbencher Enoch Powell which would have banned stem cell research by moving the writ for the by-election in Brecon and Radnor.<mask> later described this as his proudest political moment. in 1979, <mask> played a role in publicly exposing Anthony Blunt as a spy for the Soviet Union. On Thursday 15 November 1979, Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher revealed Blunt's wartime role in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom in reply to questions put to her by Ted Leadbitter, MP for Hartlepool, and <mask>:
Mr. Leadbitter and Mr. <mask>: Asked the Prime Minister if she will make a statement on recent evidence concerning the actions of an individual, whose name has been supplied to her, in relation to the security of the United Kingdom. The Prime Minister: "The name which the hon. Member for Hartlepool (Mr. Leadbitter) has given me is that of Sir Anthony Blunt." In 2000, <mask> denounced former ally Ken Livingstone, then serving as a Labour MP. Livingstone had failed to win the party's nomination to be a candidate for Mayor of London, and had then decided to run as an independent candidate instead, urging his supporters to help Green Party candidates get elected.<mask> said that Livingstone had betrayed Labour Party activists in his Brent East constituency, whom he described as having fought for him "like tigers" when his majority had been small: "He tells them he's going to be the Labour candidate, then he lies to them. To me that's as low as you can get". He contrasted Livingstone with the official Labour candidate, Frank Dobson, saying that Dobson was "a bloke and a half... not a prima donna ... not someone with an ego as big as a house". <mask> said Livingstone would "hit the headlines, but you'll never be able to trust him because he's broken his pledge and his loyalty to his party. The personality cult of the ego does not work down a coal mine and it does not work in the Labour Party". Conversely, despite his renowned left-wing views, <mask> for a long time had a positive relationship with Prime Minister Tony Blair, a leading figure on the right-wing of the party, stemming from advice that <mask> gave Blair regarding public speaking. As recently as February 2018, he described the Blair and Brown ministries as a "golden period" for the NHS.However, <mask> strongly criticised Blair in May 2019, after the former Prime Minister had advised pro-Remain Labour supporters who felt that the party's line on Brexit was too ambiguous to vote for explicitly pro-Remain parties in the 2019 European Parliament election; in the Morning Star, <mask> described Blair as a "destructive force" who was "try(ing) to destroy the Labour Party so people keep talking about his reign" and stating that he "went into Iraq and destroyed himself. He helped David Cameron and Theresa May into power. You're talking about a man who made a mess of it." In 2003, <mask> was among the quarter of Labour MPs who voted against the Iraq War; he later rebelled against the party line when he voted against government policy to allow terror suspects to be detained without trial for up to 90 days. In 2007, <mask> and 88 other Labour MPs voted against the Labour Government's policy of renewing the Trident Nuclear Missile System. <mask> supported David Miliband in the 2010 Labour leadership election, which was won by his brother Ed Miliband. In March 2011, he was one of 15 MPs who voted against British participation in NATO's Libya intervention.<mask> was one of 36 Labour MPs to nominate Jeremy Corbyn as a candidate in the Labour leadership election of 2015. Shortly after Corbyn was elected as leader, <mask> was elected to Labour's National Executive Committee, on which he remained until October 2016. <mask> supported Corbyn, alongside the majority of Labour MPs, in voting against the extension of RAF airstrikes against ISIS in Syria in December 2015. <mask> voted for Britain to leave the European Union in June 2016 and favours outright abolition of the House of Lords. Following the retirement of Peter Tapsell in 2015, <mask> was one of the four longest-serving MPs, but did not become Father of the House, as two other MPs, who were also first elected in 1970, had been sworn in earlier on the same day and consecutively both held that position: Gerald Kaufman (2015–2017) and Kenneth Clarke (2017–2019). <mask>, the oldest sitting MP since 2017, stated that in any case he would not accept the honorific title. In 2019, with Clarke's impending retirement, the issue of <mask> becoming Father of the House resurfaced but was rendered moot, when <mask> lost his seat at the 2019 general election.Suspensions
<mask> was suspended from Parliament on at least ten occasions, usually for unparliamentary language when attacking opponents. Notable infractions included:
In 1981, accusing speaker of the House of Commons George Thomas of attending functions to raise funds for the Conservative Party. Twice in 1984, once for calling David Owen a "pompous sod" (and only agreeing to withdraw "pompous"), and the second time for stating Margaret Thatcher would "bribe judges". In 1992, referring to the Minister of Agriculture John Gummer as "a little squirt of a Minister" and "a slimy wart on Margaret Thatcher's nose". In 1995, accusing the Major government of a "crooked deal" to sell off Britain's coal mines. In 2005, when referring to the economic record of the Conservatives in the 1980s, making the remark, "The only thing that was growing then were the lines of coke in front of 'Boy George' and the rest of the Tories", a reference to allegations originally published in the Sunday Mirror of cocaine use by the newly appointed Shadow Chancellor, George Osborne (though, in the Commons, <mask> referred to the News of the World). In 2006, accusing Deputy Speaker Alan Haselhurst of leniency towards remarks made by opposition frontbencher and future Prime Minister Theresa May "because she's a Tory".In 2016, for referring to Prime Minister David Cameron as "dodgy Dave" in relation to Cameron's tax affairs. Queen's Speech quips
Known for his republican sentiments, <mask> regularly heckled during the annual Queen's Speech ceremony. He did this upon the arrival of Black Rod (the symbol of royal authority in the House of Lords) to summon MPs to hear the Queen's speech in the Lords' chamber. The best known, according to the New Statesman and other sources, are listed as follows:
Popular culture
Nature of the Beast documentary
A documentary about <mask> sanctioned by him, Nature of the Beast, was completed in 2017 by production company Shut Out The Light. The documentary traces <mask>'s rise to political icon status and covers his working-class upbringing, his family influences and his hobbies away from "The Palace of Varieties". <mask>'s four surviving brothers and several of his Bolsover constituents were interviewed for the documentary. Stage play
Derby Theatre commissioned Kevin Fegan to write a play inspired by <mask>, entitled The Palace of Varieties – life and times of <mask>, to be performed at Derby Theatre in early 2022.After parliament
In 2020, <mask> endorsed Richard Burgon for Deputy Leader of the Labour Party. On 6 May 2020, he was named honorary president of the Socialist Campaign Group. In September 2020 Robb Johnson's song about <mask>, <mask>'s Lad, topped the Amazon download chart. Personal life
In 1960, <mask> married Mary Parker. The couple have three children, all of whom attended his old school and graduated from the University of Manchester. He and his wife separated in 1989. His current partner is former researcher Lois Blasenheim.In 1999 <mask> was diagnosed with advanced bladder cancer and subsequently had surgery to remove a malignant tumour. In 2003 he underwent a double heart bypass operation. He underwent hip surgery in 2019. He was too ill to campaign in the 2019 General Election after he was hospitalised with a dangerous infection following the hip operation. He was not present at the count when he lost his seat. <mask>'s mother was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease prior to her death in the 1980s. <mask> sang to his late mother when she was diagnosed with the disease and was inspired by her ability to recall old songs.Since 2008 he has visited care homes in Derbyshire to sing to elderly patients with dementia. <mask> is a supporter of Derby County Football Club and Derbyshire County Cricket Club. References
External links
Biography at Stuart Thomson
Contact details at This Is Derbyshire
on the
This much I know, <mask> runs down some matters of importance to him, hosted by The Guardian
Articles
Giving George Osborne a line of wit in December 2005
Junction 29A in December 2004
Heart bypass in March 2003
1932 births
Living people
Alumni of Ruskin College
British Eurosceptics
Chairs of the Labour Party (UK)
Councillors in Derbyshire
European democratic socialists
English miners
English republicans
English trade unionists
Labour Party (UK) councillors
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for constituencies in Derbyshire
National Union of Mineworkers-sponsored MPs
People educated at Tupton Hall School
People from Clay Cross
UK MPs 1970–1974
UK MPs 1974
UK MPs 1974–1979
UK MPs 1979–1983
UK MPs 1983–1987
UK MPs 1987–1992
UK MPs 1992–1997
UK MPs 1997–2001
UK MPs 2001–2005
UK MPs 2005–2010
UK MPs 2010–2015
UK MPs 2015–2017
UK MPs 2017–2019 | [
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He's a lifelong Eurosceptic. <mask> is the third of nine children.<mask> was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 In 1942, at the age of 10, Skinner won a scholarship to attend Tupton Hall Grammar School after passing the eleven-plus a year early. He worked as a coal miner at Parkhouse colliery until it closed in 1962. He worked at a colliery near Bolsover. Skinner finished second in the Star Walk, an amateur walking race. He became the youngest-ever president of the National Union of Mineworkers at the age of 32. After working as a miner for 20 years, he became a member of the council.After finishing a course run by the National Union of Mineworkers, he attended Ruskin College. <mask> was a member of the Labour Party. He was the Parliamentary Prospective candidate for Bolsover. The safe Labour seat of Bolsover was retained by <mask> until he lost it in the general election in 2019. <mask> became known as the "Beast of Bolsover" due to his aggressive rhetoric. <mask> said that he earned the nickname for his behavior in a tribute debate in the Commons after the death of former Conservative Prime Minister Sir Anthony Eden. The papers had a go and there was a lot of booing.The first seat of the front bench in the Commons is known as the 'Awkward Squad Bench' because it is where rebel Labour Party MPs have traditionally sat. He stated in 2016 that he had never sent an email. <mask> supported the National Union of Mineworkers during the 1984–85 miners' strike. <mask> donated his wages to the NUM when he refused to accept a parliamentary salary in excess of miners' wages. <mask> supports equalisation of the age of consent, civil partnerships, adoption rights for same-sex couples, to outlaw discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation, and for same-sex couples to marry. He talked about reducing the number of weeks at which an abortion can be performed in Britain by moving the writ for a by-election. On 7 June 1985, he spoke out against a bill that would have banned stem cell research by moving the writ for a by-election.<mask> described this as his proudest political moment. <mask> was involved in exposing Anthony Blunt as a spy for the Soviet Union. In reply to questions put to her by Mr. Leadbitter and Mr. <mask>, the Prime Minister revealed that she had been in the House of Commons during the war. The Prime Minister has a name. Mr. Leadbitter gave me the name of Sir Anthony Blunt. <mask> denounced Ken Livingstone in 2000. Livingstone decided to run as an independent candidate after failing to win the party's nomination to be a candidate for Mayor of London.Livingstone betrayed Labour Party activists in his constituency when his majority had been small, according to <mask>. To me it's as low as you can get. Livingstone was compared to Frank Dobson by saying that he was a bloke and a half and not someone with an ego as big as a house. Livingstone would hit the headlines, but you'll never be able to trust him because he's broken his pledge and loyalty to his party, said <mask>. The personality cult of the ego does not work in the Labour Party. Despite his left-wing views, <mask> had a good relationship with Prime Minister Tony Blair, who was a leader on the right-wing of the party. The Blair and Brown ministries were described as a "golden period" by him in February.In the Morning Star, <mask> criticized Blair after the former Prime Minister advised pro-Remain Labour supporters to vote for pro-Remain parties in the European Parliament election. He helped Theresa May get into power. You're talking about a man who made a mess of something. <mask> was part of a quarter of Labour MPs who voted against the Iraq War and later voted against the government's policy to allow terror suspects to be held without trial for up to 90 days. <mask> and 88 other Labour MPs voted against the Labour Government's policy of renewing the nuclear missile system. <mask> supported his brother in the Labour leadership election. He was one of 15 MPs who voted against British participation in NATO's Libya intervention.<mask> was one of 36 Labour MPs who nominated Jeremy Corbyn in the Labour leadership election of 2015. <mask> remained on the Labour's National Executive Committee until October 2016 after he was elected to it. <mask> supported the majority of Labour MPs in voting against the extension of the air strikes against the Islamic State in Syria. In June 2016 <mask> voted for Britain to leave the European Union. After the retirement of Peter Tapsell in 2015, <mask> was one of the four longest-serving MPs, but did not become Father of the House, as two other MPs, who were also first elected in 1970, both held that position. <mask> stated that he would not accept the honorific title. The issue of <mask> becoming Father of the House was put to rest when <mask> lost his seat in the general election.<mask> was suspended from Parliament at least ten times for unparliamentary language. In 1981 the speaker of the House of Commons was accused of attending functions to raise funds for the Conservative Party. Twice in 1984 for calling David Owen a "pompous sod", and the second time for saying Margaret Thatcher would bribe judges. The Minister of Agriculture John Gummer was referred to as a little squirt of a Minister and a slimy wart on Margaret Thatcher's nose. The Major government was accused of a "crooked deal" to sell off Britain's coal mines. "The only thing that was growing then were the lines of coke in front of 'Boy George' and the rest of the Conservatives", was a reference to allegations originally published in the Sunday Mirror. Theresa May accused Alan Haselhurst of being soft on her because she's a Conservative.The Prime Minister was referred to as "dodgy Dave" in relation to his tax affairs. <mask> frequently heckled during the Queen's Speech ceremony. Black Rod, the symbol of royal authority in the House of Lords, was brought to summon MPs to hear the Queen's speech. According to the New Statesman and other sources, the best known is the Nature of the Beast documentary. The documentary shows <mask>'s rise to political icon status and his upbringing in the working class. <mask>'s four surviving brothers were interviewed for a documentary. Kevin Fegan was commissioned by Derby Theatre to write a play based on <mask>'s life and times.<mask> endorsed Richard Burgon for deputy leader of the Labour Party. He was made an officer of the Socialist Campaign Group. Robb Johnson's song about <mask>'s Lad topped the Amazon download chart in September 2020. <mask> married Mary Parker in 1960. Three of the couple's children attended his old school and graduated from the University of Manchester. He and his wife separated. His partner is a former researcher.<mask> was diagnosed with bladder cancer in 1999 and had surgery to remove it. He had a double heart bypass operation. He had hip surgery in 2019. He was too ill to campaign in the election after he was hospitalized with a dangerous infection. He lost his seat at the count. <mask>'s mother was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease before she died. <mask> was inspired by his mother's ability to recall old songs when he sang to her after she was diagnosed with the disease.He has sung to elderly patients with dementia in care homes. <mask> supports the Derby County Football Club and the Derbyshire County Cricket Club. <mask> runs down some matters of importance to him, hosted by The Guardian Articles, which gave George Osborne a line of wit in December 2005. | [
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18846125 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni%20Battista%20Monteggia | Giovanni Battista Monteggia | Giovanni Battista Monteggia (1762 – 1815) was an Italian surgeon. The Monteggia fracture is named after him.
Biography
He began training as a surgeon at age seventeen in Milan. He got his doctorate of medicine in 1789 at University of Pavia. In the same year, his first book, Fasciculi Pathologici, was published. From 1790 he practiced as a surgical assistant, prosector, and prison doctor. In 1795 he was appointed professor of anatomy and surgery, holding a chair of Istituzioni Chirurgiche at University of Pavia. He contracted syphilis after cutting himself during an autopsy.
Monteggia was second to describe the Monteggia fracture, a fracture of the proximal third of the ulna with the dislocation of the head of radius.
Monteggia was first to describe Peroneal Tendon Subluxation, when he diagnosed this injury in a ballet dancer in 1803. It is when you have subluxation/dislocation of the peroneal tendons about the lateral malleolus.
Early life
Giovanni Battista Monteggia was born in Laveno, near the Lago Maggiore (northern Italy) on the 8th of August, 1762. His parents were Gian Antonio Monteggia and Marianna Vegezzi. Two brothers of his are known, one became a priest and the second a doctor. His father was occupied in the construction of infrastructures (mainly roads and aqueducts) and it was him who introduced Giovanni Battista, coming from a high school in Pallanza, to the field of medicine: Giovanni was admitted to the surgical school of the Ospedale Maggiore in Milan in 1779.His training was carried out on the background of the ideological and political conflicts of his time, between the revolutionary and the Napoleonic epoques. The figure of the surgeon-doctor identifies Monteggia.
Career
Monteggia started his studies in the anatomical field of medicine but was also interested in a wider biology: he practiced as a botanist and as a chemist under the supervision of Antonio Porati. On the 11th of June, 1781, Monteggia did the exam of “libera pratica di chirurgia” in the University of Pavia, where afterwards was to degree in medicine. His surgical studies would determine a vision of medicine as mostly clinical. His first medical publication was written in latin and published in 1789 in Milan, at the typography of Giuseppe Marelli, named “Fasciculi Pathologici”. This booklet is dedicated to Carlo Maria Taverna, priest of San Nazaro and member of the cabinet instituted by Giuseppe II in 1784 which had in charge the administration of ecclesiastic places. This text is a typical example of the anatomic-pathological culture derived by the teachings of Giovanni Battista Morgagni. Examination on the corpse and in particular of its wounds, follows the clinical observation. This booklet begins with a nosological classification of pathologies in symmetrical and asymmetrical. Secondly, the author proposes a classical theme of italian anatomical research: the injuries of the head, with some first observations on the constitution and the function of the brain. There is also a traditional description of different cases of abscess. Monteggia, together with this publication, donated to the Cabinet of Anatomy of the University of Pavia, his most interesting anatomical pieces. For this action he was thanked with a letter on the 18th of December, 1793, by Johann Peter Frank. Also the Regal Magistrate thanked him with a dispatch that testifies the relationship with the principal scientific and medical lombard institution. In the 1790, Monteggia became surgeon-helper and afterwards anatomical engraver at the Ospedale Maggiore (Milan). Thanks to the support of Taverna, he managed to have a slab. Likely this was not a personal initiative: in 1791 the medical director Bartolomeo de Battisti reestablished the teaching of anatomy, in the optic of reconstituting medical schools. The same year, on the 4th of December, with a decree of the Court, Monteggia was nominated first surgeon of the Reign’s prisons. On the 20th of January, 1792, the Hospital Congregation gave Monteggia the assignment of giving free lectures of surgery to young surgeons. During the same year Monteggia published the annotated translation of the "compendium on venereal illnesses" by the German author Johann Friedrich Fritze (original edition: Berlin 1790) in the printing house of Giuseppe Martelli. Later his own practical annotations on venereal diseases were published in 1794 at Giuseppe Galeazzi print shop. Dedicated to Moscati, the book displays a series of cases deriving from Monteggia’s direct clinical experience, being in contact with prostitutes and prisoners, and shows monteggia’s sensibility on the topic of ‘medical police’. The patients taken into account are mainly male. In this work Monteggia shows his interest and support towards the Brown system. He was later on blamed for this weak spot and his ideology and position faded away. John Brown (1735-1788) believed that the organism, subject to continuous stimuli from the environment, was based on an equilibrium between being excited and excitability. In his opinion most of the diseases required a treatment based on strong external stimuli. Monteggia, strongly supporting Browns ideology, believed that venereal diseases could be cured by abstaining from intercourse: as a matter of fact in the Annotations Monteggia suggested to cure patients with a medical used plant known for its stimulating effects: the ‘salsapariglia’. It was soon discovered that this system was not only useless in the aim of curing the disease, but it often caused a worsening of the patient’s conditions bringing to intensive care that, provoking interferences with the nervous system, caused death. The advent of the Cisalpine Republic and of the Republic and Reign of Italy was a turning point in Monteggia’s life as he reached the peak of a short but fortunate carrier. He fulfilled several public positions, both of institution (he established special schools within different hospitals) and of public and military intervention (in 1808 he was called to examine the aspiring surgeons of the army).
His tie with the elite of the French era has its testimony in the fortunate treatment of a great patient: Francesco Melzi d’Eril. The latter in 1795 appointed Monteggia to an annuity and remained in contact with him all his life. On the 12th of September 1795 Monteggia was appointed professor of the institution of surgery at the Maggiore hospital, yet the actual teaching began only one year later. In 1798 he was nominated as the official doctor-surgeon of the of the security guard of the legislative assembly. During the same year his position as a teacher in the Maggiore hospital was confirmed and one year later he became obstetric surgeon at the Pia casa delle partorienti di S. Caterina alla Ruota. On April the second 1799, following an administrative order Monteggia became healthcare official for the prisons of the permanent army Council of the French army in Italy. He also was appointed for the inoculation of the smallpox vaccine. Nominated primary surgeon of the Maggiore hospital, he came back to ‘his’ hospital, where on the 30th of January 1800 he started lectures of surgery.
In 1796 Monteggia had published the translation from German of the Obstetric Art of Georg Wilhelm Stein, yet leaving it without any commentary as he was very busy. He also started a collection of obstetric cases, but such a masterpiece is a textbook for surgeons composed to accompany the lectures at the hospital. The work obtained numerous reprints in Milan, Naples and Pavia. The first edition, in five volumes, was published in Milan at Pirotta e Maspero, between 1802 and 1805. The second edition, in eight volumes, was revisited by Monteggia between 1803 and 1806 and published at Maspero and Boucher. The book was praised by various critics and reviewers. In particular Antonio Scarpa who hoped to see Monteggia teaching clinical surgery at Pavia after him (letter of the 24th of February 1805). Monteggia had also prepared a translation of his work into Latin in order to make it accessible to an international audience.
The institutions, born as a text for the use of students, propose broader ambitions in the second edition. In addition to the theories of John Brown, Monteggia takes up, with many reservations, the doctrine of the 'controstimolo' by Giovanni Rasori, of which he attempts an application in the surgical field, although, as we read in the Preface to the second edition of the work, he is not fully convinced. His main source of inspiration is the work of the Scottish surgeon John Hunter, but he knows and uses contemporary scientific literature, and in particular periodical publications. In fact, it proves to be a clinician attentive to practice the systemization, with a specific sensitivity to pharmacology. In addition to the usual surgical arguments, he is among the first to accurately describe polio from a clinical point of view. But his focus is particularly on orthopaedics. In particular, it provides valuable descriptive contributions to the pathology of the locomotor apparatus especially for the part concerning traumatology. Before others, he studies and describes the vices of gait (lameness) that he calls "dilombamento o sfiancamento". It makes the technique of dressing wounds and sores easier and perfects the devices in use to treat fractures and sprains. He divides dislocations into perfect and imperfect (subluxations). He ties his name to the eponymous fracture and hip mooning. The first with a description of the fracture of the ulna's 1st of the fin associated with the anterior dislocation of the radio capital. The second is due to the dislocation of the head of the femur near the anterior-upper illiac spine.
Monteggia is always intent on learning from corpses the weaving of the body and to reveal from the bowels the hidden secrets of diseases. He always writes down observations of clinical signs at the bedside of patients; in reading his memoirs there are also faithfully recorded the wrong care and, even the diagnostic errors that happened to him in the long exercise of the profession, in which, who is most worth it, the less mistakes he makes; as Hippocrates himself claimed. Monteggia died before completing his work, of which he had designed a ninth volume dedicated among other things to electricity, vaccination, and a systematic treatment of the surgical pharmacopoeia. In 1813 he became a member of the reborn Institute of Sciences, Letterature and Arts in Milan. He was himself a contributor to the Journal of the most recent medical literature in Europe and to the New Journal of Medicine and Surgery in Milan. He collected a rich library.
Late life
Monteggia is working on the latest edition of the "Surgical Institutions" when it is struck by night fevers that, however, do not distract him from his work and from the care of the sick; he is suffering from erysipelas that spreads from his right ear to the whole face and, despite the care of his colleagues, dies on the night of January 17, 1815 and he finds burial at the cemetery of Porta Romana; his remains, already unearthed, are exhumed again at the demolition of the cemetery and renowned at the Monumental Cemetery of Milan on April 27, 1875. A monument was erected in the atrium of the Maggiore hospital, now lost, which inspired, among other things, a sonnet to Carlo Porta. A bust of Canovian style was saved, due to the sculptor Camillo Pacetti. The Policlinic of Milan, as a gesture of solemn respect towards Monteggia, dedicated to him the Pavilion of Surgery in 1929.
Bibliography
E. Acerbi, Della vita e degli studii di G. B. Monteggia, Milano 1816;
L. Agrifoglio, La etiopatogenesi delle malattie celtiche in alcune note di G.B. Monteggia, in Castalia, XII (1954)
G. Cosmacini, Biografia della Ca’ Granda. Uomini e idee dell’Ospedale Maggiore di Milano, Roma-Bari 2001;
E. De Tipaldo, Biografia degli Italiani illustri, V, Venezia 1837;
G. Frank, Memorie, a cura di G. Galli, I, Milano 2006
F. Fusi, Biografia di Giovanni Battista Monteggia, in Rivista di Ortopedia e traumatologia, XXIV (1956),
La Ca’ Granda: cinque secoli di storia e d’arte dell’Ospedale Maggiore di Milano (catal.), Milano 1981;
P. Sangiorgio, Cenni storici sulle due università di Pavia e di Milano e notizie intorno ai più celebri medici, Milano 1831,
A. Scarpa, Epistolario (1772-1832), a cura di G. Sala, Pavia 1938;
References
1762 births
1815 deaths
Italian surgeons
18th-century surgeons
18th-century Italian physicians
19th-century surgeons
19th-century Italian physicians
University of Pavia alumni
University of Pavia faculty
People from the Province of Varese
Burials at the Cimitero Monumentale di Milano | [
"Giovanni Battista Monteggia (1762 – 1815) was an Italian surgeon.",
"The Monteggia fracture is named after him.",
"Biography\nHe began training as a surgeon at age seventeen in Milan.",
"He got his doctorate of medicine in 1789 at University of Pavia.",
"In the same year, his first book, Fasciculi Pathologici, was published.",
"From 1790 he practiced as a surgical assistant, prosector, and prison doctor.",
"In 1795 he was appointed professor of anatomy and surgery, holding a chair of Istituzioni Chirurgiche at University of Pavia.",
"He contracted syphilis after cutting himself during an autopsy.",
"Monteggia was second to describe the Monteggia fracture, a fracture of the proximal third of the ulna with the dislocation of the head of radius.",
"Monteggia was first to describe Peroneal Tendon Subluxation, when he diagnosed this injury in a ballet dancer in 1803.",
"It is when you have subluxation/dislocation of the peroneal tendons about the lateral malleolus.",
"Early life\n\nGiovanni Battista Monteggia was born in Laveno, near the Lago Maggiore (northern Italy) on the 8th of August, 1762.",
"His parents were Gian Antonio Monteggia and Marianna Vegezzi.",
"Two brothers of his are known, one became a priest and the second a doctor.",
"His father was occupied in the construction of infrastructures (mainly roads and aqueducts) and it was him who introduced Giovanni Battista, coming from a high school in Pallanza, to the field of medicine: Giovanni was admitted to the surgical school of the Ospedale Maggiore in Milan in 1779.His training was carried out on the background of the ideological and political conflicts of his time, between the revolutionary and the Napoleonic epoques.",
"The figure of the surgeon-doctor identifies Monteggia.",
"Career\n\nMonteggia started his studies in the anatomical field of medicine but was also interested in a wider biology: he practiced as a botanist and as a chemist under the supervision of Antonio Porati.",
"On the 11th of June, 1781, Monteggia did the exam of “libera pratica di chirurgia” in the University of Pavia, where afterwards was to degree in medicine.",
"His surgical studies would determine a vision of medicine as mostly clinical.",
"His first medical publication was written in latin and published in 1789 in Milan, at the typography of Giuseppe Marelli, named “Fasciculi Pathologici”.",
"This booklet is dedicated to Carlo Maria Taverna, priest of San Nazaro and member of the cabinet instituted by Giuseppe II in 1784 which had in charge the administration of ecclesiastic places.",
"This text is a typical example of the anatomic-pathological culture derived by the teachings of Giovanni Battista Morgagni.",
"Examination on the corpse and in particular of its wounds, follows the clinical observation.",
"This booklet begins with a nosological classification of pathologies in symmetrical and asymmetrical.",
"Secondly, the author proposes a classical theme of italian anatomical research: the injuries of the head, with some first observations on the constitution and the function of the brain.",
"There is also a traditional description of different cases of abscess.",
"Monteggia, together with this publication, donated to the Cabinet of Anatomy of the University of Pavia, his most interesting anatomical pieces.",
"For this action he was thanked with a letter on the 18th of December, 1793, by Johann Peter Frank.",
"Also the Regal Magistrate thanked him with a dispatch that testifies the relationship with the principal scientific and medical lombard institution.",
"In the 1790, Monteggia became surgeon-helper and afterwards anatomical engraver at the Ospedale Maggiore (Milan).",
"Thanks to the support of Taverna, he managed to have a slab.",
"Likely this was not a personal initiative: in 1791 the medical director Bartolomeo de Battisti reestablished the teaching of anatomy, in the optic of reconstituting medical schools.",
"The same year, on the 4th of December, with a decree of the Court, Monteggia was nominated first surgeon of the Reign’s prisons.",
"On the 20th of January, 1792, the Hospital Congregation gave Monteggia the assignment of giving free lectures of surgery to young surgeons.",
"During the same year Monteggia published the annotated translation of the \"compendium on venereal illnesses\" by the German author Johann Friedrich Fritze (original edition: Berlin 1790) in the printing house of Giuseppe Martelli.",
"Later his own practical annotations on venereal diseases were published in 1794 at Giuseppe Galeazzi print shop.",
"Dedicated to Moscati, the book displays a series of cases deriving from Monteggia’s direct clinical experience, being in contact with prostitutes and prisoners, and shows monteggia’s sensibility on the topic of ‘medical police’.",
"The patients taken into account are mainly male.",
"In this work Monteggia shows his interest and support towards the Brown system.",
"He was later on blamed for this weak spot and his ideology and position faded away.",
"John Brown (1735-1788) believed that the organism, subject to continuous stimuli from the environment, was based on an equilibrium between being excited and excitability.",
"In his opinion most of the diseases required a treatment based on strong external stimuli.",
"Monteggia, strongly supporting Browns ideology, believed that venereal diseases could be cured by abstaining from intercourse: as a matter of fact in the Annotations Monteggia suggested to cure patients with a medical used plant known for its stimulating effects: the ‘salsapariglia’.",
"It was soon discovered that this system was not only useless in the aim of curing the disease, but it often caused a worsening of the patient’s conditions bringing to intensive care that, provoking interferences with the nervous system, caused death.",
"The advent of the Cisalpine Republic and of the Republic and Reign of Italy was a turning point in Monteggia’s life as he reached the peak of a short but fortunate carrier.",
"He fulfilled several public positions, both of institution (he established special schools within different hospitals) and of public and military intervention (in 1808 he was called to examine the aspiring surgeons of the army).",
"His tie with the elite of the French era has its testimony in the fortunate treatment of a great patient: Francesco Melzi d’Eril.",
"The latter in 1795 appointed Monteggia to an annuity and remained in contact with him all his life.",
"On the 12th of September 1795 Monteggia was appointed professor of the institution of surgery at the Maggiore hospital, yet the actual teaching began only one year later.",
"In 1798 he was nominated as the official doctor-surgeon of the of the security guard of the legislative assembly.",
"During the same year his position as a teacher in the Maggiore hospital was confirmed and one year later he became obstetric surgeon at the Pia casa delle partorienti di S. Caterina alla Ruota.",
"On April the second 1799, following an administrative order Monteggia became healthcare official for the prisons of the permanent army Council of the French army in Italy.",
"He also was appointed for the inoculation of the smallpox vaccine.",
"Nominated primary surgeon of the Maggiore hospital, he came back to ‘his’ hospital, where on the 30th of January 1800 he started lectures of surgery.",
"In 1796 Monteggia had published the translation from German of the Obstetric Art of Georg Wilhelm Stein, yet leaving it without any commentary as he was very busy.",
"He also started a collection of obstetric cases, but such a masterpiece is a textbook for surgeons composed to accompany the lectures at the hospital.",
"The work obtained numerous reprints in Milan, Naples and Pavia.",
"The first edition, in five volumes, was published in Milan at Pirotta e Maspero, between 1802 and 1805.",
"The second edition, in eight volumes, was revisited by Monteggia between 1803 and 1806 and published at Maspero and Boucher.",
"The book was praised by various critics and reviewers.",
"In particular Antonio Scarpa who hoped to see Monteggia teaching clinical surgery at Pavia after him (letter of the 24th of February 1805).",
"Monteggia had also prepared a translation of his work into Latin in order to make it accessible to an international audience.",
"The institutions, born as a text for the use of students, propose broader ambitions in the second edition.",
"In addition to the theories of John Brown, Monteggia takes up, with many reservations, the doctrine of the 'controstimolo' by Giovanni Rasori, of which he attempts an application in the surgical field, although, as we read in the Preface to the second edition of the work, he is not fully convinced.",
"His main source of inspiration is the work of the Scottish surgeon John Hunter, but he knows and uses contemporary scientific literature, and in particular periodical publications.",
"In fact, it proves to be a clinician attentive to practice the systemization, with a specific sensitivity to pharmacology.",
"In addition to the usual surgical arguments, he is among the first to accurately describe polio from a clinical point of view.",
"But his focus is particularly on orthopaedics.",
"In particular, it provides valuable descriptive contributions to the pathology of the locomotor apparatus especially for the part concerning traumatology.",
"Before others, he studies and describes the vices of gait (lameness) that he calls \"dilombamento o sfiancamento\".",
"It makes the technique of dressing wounds and sores easier and perfects the devices in use to treat fractures and sprains.",
"He divides dislocations into perfect and imperfect (subluxations).",
"He ties his name to the eponymous fracture and hip mooning.",
"The first with a description of the fracture of the ulna's 1st of the fin associated with the anterior dislocation of the radio capital.",
"The second is due to the dislocation of the head of the femur near the anterior-upper illiac spine.",
"Monteggia is always intent on learning from corpses the weaving of the body and to reveal from the bowels the hidden secrets of diseases.",
"He always writes down observations of clinical signs at the bedside of patients; in reading his memoirs there are also faithfully recorded the wrong care and, even the diagnostic errors that happened to him in the long exercise of the profession, in which, who is most worth it, the less mistakes he makes; as Hippocrates himself claimed.",
"Monteggia died before completing his work, of which he had designed a ninth volume dedicated among other things to electricity, vaccination, and a systematic treatment of the surgical pharmacopoeia.",
"In 1813 he became a member of the reborn Institute of Sciences, Letterature and Arts in Milan.",
"He was himself a contributor to the Journal of the most recent medical literature in Europe and to the New Journal of Medicine and Surgery in Milan.",
"He collected a rich library.",
"Late life \n\nMonteggia is working on the latest edition of the \"Surgical Institutions\" when it is struck by night fevers that, however, do not distract him from his work and from the care of the sick; he is suffering from erysipelas that spreads from his right ear to the whole face and, despite the care of his colleagues, dies on the night of January 17, 1815 and he finds burial at the cemetery of Porta Romana; his remains, already unearthed, are exhumed again at the demolition of the cemetery and renowned at the Monumental Cemetery of Milan on April 27, 1875.",
"A monument was erected in the atrium of the Maggiore hospital, now lost, which inspired, among other things, a sonnet to Carlo Porta.",
"A bust of Canovian style was saved, due to the sculptor Camillo Pacetti.",
"The Policlinic of Milan, as a gesture of solemn respect towards Monteggia, dedicated to him the Pavilion of Surgery in 1929.",
"Bibliography \n E. Acerbi, Della vita e degli studii di G. B. Monteggia, Milano 1816;\n L. Agrifoglio, La etiopatogenesi delle malattie celtiche in alcune note di G.B.",
"Monteggia, in Castalia, XII (1954)\n G. Cosmacini, Biografia della Ca’ Granda.",
"Uomini e idee dell’Ospedale Maggiore di Milano, Roma-Bari 2001;\n E. De Tipaldo, Biografia degli Italiani illustri, V, Venezia 1837;\n G. Frank, Memorie, a cura di G. Galli, I, Milano 2006\n F. Fusi, Biografia di Giovanni Battista Monteggia, in Rivista di Ortopedia e traumatologia, XXIV (1956),\n La Ca’ Granda: cinque secoli di storia e d’arte dell’Ospedale Maggiore di Milano (catal.",
"), Milano 1981;\n P. Sangiorgio, Cenni storici sulle due università di Pavia e di Milano e notizie intorno ai più celebri medici, Milano 1831,\n A. Scarpa, Epistolario (1772-1832), a cura di G. Sala, Pavia 1938;\n\nReferences\n\n1762 births\n1815 deaths\nItalian surgeons\n18th-century surgeons\n18th-century Italian physicians\n19th-century surgeons\n19th-century Italian physicians\nUniversity of Pavia alumni\nUniversity of Pavia faculty\nPeople from the Province of Varese\nBurials at the Cimitero Monumentale di Milano"
] | [
"Giovanni Battista Monteggia was an Italian surgeon.",
"The MonteggiaFracture is named after him.",
"At the age of seventeen, he began training as a surgeon.",
"He received a doctorate of medicine from the University of Pavia.",
"His first book was published in the same year.",
"He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217",
"He held the chair of Istituzioni Chirurgiche at the University of Pavia.",
"He contracted the disease after cutting himself.",
"The Monteggia fracture is a fractured third of the ulna with a head of radius.",
"Monteggia was the first to describe the injury in a ballet dancer.",
"It is when you have a problem with the peroneal tendons.",
"Giovanni Battista Monteggia was born on the 8th of August, 1782, in Laveno.",
"His mother was Marianna Vegezzi and his father was Gian Antonio Monteggia.",
"One of his brothers became a priest and the other a doctor.",
"Giovanni Battista was introduced to the field of medicine by his father, who was involved in the construction of infrastructures.",
"Monteggia is identified by the figure of the surgeon- doctor.",
"Career Monteggia started his studies in the field of medicine and went on to work as a chemist under the supervision of Antonio Porati.",
"On the 11th of June, 1781, Monteggia took the exam for the degree in medicine at the University of Pavia.",
"A vision of medicine would be determined by his surgical studies.",
"His first medical publication was written in latin and published in Milan in 1789.",
"Carlo Maria Taverna, priest of San Nazaro and member of the cabinet instituted by Giuseppe II in 1784, had in charge of the administration of ecclesiastic places.",
"A typical example of anatomic-pathological culture can be found in this text.",
"The examination on the corpse and wounds follows the clinical observation.",
"There is a nosological classification of pathologies in symmetrical and asymmetrical.",
"The injuries of the head, with some first observations on the constitution and the function of the brain are proposed by the author.",
"Different cases of abscess are described in a traditional way.",
"The Cabinet of Anatomy of the University of Pavia received Monteggia's most interesting pieces.",
"On the 18th of December, 1793, he received a letter thanking him for this action.",
"The main scientific and medical lombard institution was thanked by the Regal Magistrate in a dispatch.",
"Monteggia became a surgeon-helper in the 1790s.",
"He had a slab thanks to the support of Taverna.",
"In 1791, the medical director Bartolomeo de Battisti reestablished the teaching of anatomy, in order to reconstituting medical schools.",
"Monteggia was nominated by the Court to be the first surgeon of the prisons.",
"Monteggia was given the assignment of giving free lectures of surgery to young surgeons on the 20th of January, 1792.",
"The annotated translation of the \"compendium on venereal illnesses\" was published by Monteggia in the year 1790.",
"His annotations on venereal diseases were published in the late 18th century.",
"The book shows a series of cases from Monteggia's direct clinical experience, being in contact with prostitutes and prisoners, and showing monteggia's sensibility on the topic of medical police.",
"The majority of the patients are males.",
"Monteggia supports the Brown system in this work.",
"His ideology and position faded away when he was blamed for the weak spot.",
"John Brown believed that the organisms were based on an equilibrium between being excited and excitability.",
"Most diseases need a treatment based on strong external stimuli, according to him.",
"As a matter of fact, Monteggia suggested to cure patients with a medical used plant known for its stimulating effects, because he believed that venereal diseases could be cured by abstaining from intercourse.",
"The system was useless in the aim of curing the disease and often caused a worsening of the patient's conditions that led to death.",
"Monteggia reached the peak of a short but fortunate carrier after the advent of the Cisalpine Republic and the Republic and Italy.",
"He was called to examine the aspiring surgeons of the army after establishing special schools within different hospitals.",
"The fortunate treatment of a great patient is testimony to his ties with the elite of the French era.",
"Monteggia was appointed to an annuity by the latter in 1795.",
"The teaching of surgery at the Maggiore hospital began one year after Monteggia was appointed professor.",
"He was nominated as the doctor-surgeon of the security guard of the legislative assembly in 1798.",
"One year after he was confirmed as a teacher in the hospital, he became an OB/Gyn at the S. Caterina Maggiore alla Ruota.",
"Monteggia became healthcare official for the prisons of the Council of the French army in Italy on the second of April 1799.",
"He was appointed to administer the vaccine.",
"He started lectures of surgery at his hospital on the 30th of January 1800, after being nominated as a primary surgeon.",
"In 1796 Monteggia published the translation from German of the Obstetric Art of Stein, but left it without commentary as he was busy.",
"A masterpiece is a textbook for surgeons composed to accompany the lectures at the hospital, but he also started a collection of obstetric cases.",
"The work was published in Milan, Naples and Pavia.",
"The first edition was published in Milan between 1802 and 1805.",
"Between 1803 and 1806, the second edition was published at Maspero and Boucher.",
"Critics and reviewers praised the book.",
"The letter of the 24th of February 1805 was written by Antonio Scarpa, who wanted Monteggia to teach clinical surgery at Pavia after him.",
"In order to make his work accessible to an international audience, Monteggia prepared a translation of his work into Latin.",
"The institutions were born as a text for the use of students.",
"In addition to the theories of John Brown, Monteggia takes up the doctrine of the 'controstimolo' by Giovanni Rasori, of which he attempts an application in the surgical field, although, as we read in the Preface to the second edition.",
"His main source of inspiration is the work of the Scottish surgeon John Hunter.",
"It proves to be attentive to practice the systemization with a specific sensitivity.",
"He is one of the first to describe the disease from a clinical point of view.",
"His focus is on orthopaedics.",
"Valuable contributions to the pathology of the locomotor apparatus are provided by it.",
"He studies and describes the vices of lameness that he calls \"dilombamento o sfiancamento\".",
"Dressing wounds and sores is easier with it and the devices used to treat injuries are perfect.",
"He divides dislocations into two categories.",
"His name is tied to the hip mooning.",
"There is a description of the injury to the ulna's 1st fin associated with the radio capital.",
"The anterior-upper illiac spine is the reason for the second.",
"Monteggia wants to learn from the weaving of corpses and from the bowels the hidden secrets of diseases.",
"He always writes down observations of clinical signs at the bedside of patients; in reading his memoirs there are also faithfully recorded the wrong care and even the diagnostic errors that happened to him in the long exercise of the profession, in which, who is most worth it, the less mistakes he makes.",
"The ninth volume of Monteggia's work was dedicated to electricity, vaccination, and a systematic treatment of the surgical pharmacopoeia.",
"He joined the Institute of Sciences, Letterature and Arts in Milan in 1813.",
"He was a contributor to both the New Journal of Medicine and Surgery in Milan and the Journal of the most recent medical literature in Europe.",
"A rich library was collected by him.",
"Late life Monteggia is working on the latest edition of the \"Surgical Institutions\" when he is struck by night fevers that do not distract him from his work and from the care of the sick; he is suffering from erysipelas that spreads from his right ear.",
"A sonnet to Carlo Porta was one of the things inspired by a monument that was lost in the Maggiore hospital.",
"A bust of Canovian style was saved by the sculptor.",
"The Pavilion of Surgery was dedicated to Monteggia in 1929.",
"La etiopatogenesi della mal celticattiehe in alcune note di G.B. Monteggia, Milano 1816 are included.",
"Monteggia is in Castalia, XII.",
"Uomini e idee dell'Ospedale Maggiore di Milano.",
"Milano 1981; P. Sangiorgio, Cenni storici sulle due universit di Pavia e di Milano."
] | <mask> (1762 – 1815) was an Italian surgeon. The Monteggia fracture is named after him. Biography
He began training as a surgeon at age seventeen in Milan. He got his doctorate of medicine in 1789 at University of Pavia. In the same year, his first book, Fasciculi Pathologici, was published. From 1790 he practiced as a surgical assistant, prosector, and prison doctor. In 1795 he was appointed professor of anatomy and surgery, holding a chair of Istituzioni Chirurgiche at University of Pavia.He contracted syphilis after cutting himself during an autopsy. Monteggia was second to describe the Monteggia fracture, a fracture of the proximal third of the ulna with the dislocation of the head of radius. Monteggia was first to describe Peroneal Tendon Subluxation, when he diagnosed this injury in a ballet dancer in 1803. It is when you have subluxation/dislocation of the peroneal tendons about the lateral malleolus. Early life
<mask> <mask> was born in Laveno, near the Lago Maggiore (northern Italy) on the 8th of August, 1762. His parents were Gian <mask> and Marianna Vegezzi. Two brothers of his are known, one became a priest and the second a doctor.His father was occupied in the construction of infrastructures (mainly roads and aqueducts) and it was him who introduced <mask>, coming from a high school in Pallanza, to the field of medicine: <mask> was admitted to the surgical school of the Ospedale Maggiore in Milan in 1779.His training was carried out on the background of the ideological and political conflicts of his time, between the revolutionary and the Napoleonic epoques. The figure of the surgeon-doctor identifies Monteggia. Career
Monteggia started his studies in the anatomical field of medicine but was also interested in a wider biology: he practiced as a botanist and as a chemist under the supervision of Antonio Porati. On the 11th of June, 1781, Monteggia did the exam of “libera pratica di chirurgia” in the University of Pavia, where afterwards was to degree in medicine. His surgical studies would determine a vision of medicine as mostly clinical. His first medical publication was written in latin and published in 1789 in Milan, at the typography of Giuseppe Marelli, named “Fasciculi Pathologici”. This booklet is dedicated to Carlo Maria Taverna, priest of San Nazaro and member of the cabinet instituted by Giuseppe II in 1784 which had in charge the administration of ecclesiastic places.This text is a typical example of the anatomic-pathological culture derived by the teachings of <mask> Morgagni. Examination on the corpse and in particular of its wounds, follows the clinical observation. This booklet begins with a nosological classification of pathologies in symmetrical and asymmetrical. Secondly, the author proposes a classical theme of italian anatomical research: the injuries of the head, with some first observations on the constitution and the function of the brain. There is also a traditional description of different cases of abscess. Monteggia, together with this publication, donated to the Cabinet of Anatomy of the University of Pavia, his most interesting anatomical pieces. For this action he was thanked with a letter on the 18th of December, 1793, by Johann Peter Frank.Also the Regal Magistrate thanked him with a dispatch that testifies the relationship with the principal scientific and medical lombard institution. In the 1790, Monteggia became surgeon-helper and afterwards anatomical engraver at the Ospedale Maggiore (Milan). Thanks to the support of Taverna, he managed to have a slab. Likely this was not a personal initiative: in 1791 the medical director Bartolomeo de Battisti reestablished the teaching of anatomy, in the optic of reconstituting medical schools. The same year, on the 4th of December, with a decree of the Court, Monteggia was nominated first surgeon of the Reign’s prisons. On the 20th of January, 1792, the Hospital Congregation gave Monteggia the assignment of giving free lectures of surgery to young surgeons. During the same year Monteggia published the annotated translation of the "compendium on venereal illnesses" by the German author Johann Friedrich Fritze (original edition: Berlin 1790) in the printing house of Giuseppe Martelli.Later his own practical annotations on venereal diseases were published in 1794 at Giuseppe Galeazzi print shop. Dedicated to Moscati, the book displays a series of cases deriving from Monteggia’s direct clinical experience, being in contact with prostitutes and prisoners, and shows monteggia’s sensibility on the topic of ‘medical police’. The patients taken into account are mainly male. In this work Monteggia shows his interest and support towards the Brown system. He was later on blamed for this weak spot and his ideology and position faded away. John Brown (1735-1788) believed that the organism, subject to continuous stimuli from the environment, was based on an equilibrium between being excited and excitability. In his opinion most of the diseases required a treatment based on strong external stimuli.Monteggia, strongly supporting Browns ideology, believed that venereal diseases could be cured by abstaining from intercourse: as a matter of fact in the Annotations Monteggia suggested to cure patients with a medical used plant known for its stimulating effects: the ‘salsapariglia’. It was soon discovered that this system was not only useless in the aim of curing the disease, but it often caused a worsening of the patient’s conditions bringing to intensive care that, provoking interferences with the nervous system, caused death. The advent of the Cisalpine Republic and of the Republic and Reign of Italy was a turning point in Monteggia’s life as he reached the peak of a short but fortunate carrier. He fulfilled several public positions, both of institution (he established special schools within different hospitals) and of public and military intervention (in 1808 he was called to examine the aspiring surgeons of the army). His tie with the elite of the French era has its testimony in the fortunate treatment of a great patient: Francesco Melzi d’Eril. The latter in 1795 appointed Monteggia to an annuity and remained in contact with him all his life. On the 12th of September 1795 Monteggia was appointed professor of the institution of surgery at the Maggiore hospital, yet the actual teaching began only one year later.In 1798 he was nominated as the official doctor-surgeon of the of the security guard of the legislative assembly. During the same year his position as a teacher in the Maggiore hospital was confirmed and one year later he became obstetric surgeon at the Pia casa delle partorienti di S. Caterina alla Ruota. On April the second 1799, following an administrative order Monteggia became healthcare official for the prisons of the permanent army Council of the French army in Italy. He also was appointed for the inoculation of the smallpox vaccine. Nominated primary surgeon of the Maggiore hospital, he came back to ‘his’ hospital, where on the 30th of January 1800 he started lectures of surgery. In 1796 <mask> had published the translation from German of the Obstetric Art of Georg Wilhelm Stein, yet leaving it without any commentary as he was very busy. He also started a collection of obstetric cases, but such a masterpiece is a textbook for surgeons composed to accompany the lectures at the hospital.The work obtained numerous reprints in Milan, Naples and Pavia. The first edition, in five volumes, was published in Milan at Pirotta e Maspero, between 1802 and 1805. The second edition, in eight volumes, was revisited by Monteggia between 1803 and 1806 and published at Maspero and Boucher. The book was praised by various critics and reviewers. In particular Antonio Scarpa who hoped to see <mask> teaching clinical surgery at Pavia after him (letter of the 24th of February 1805). <mask> had also prepared a translation of his work into Latin in order to make it accessible to an international audience. The institutions, born as a text for the use of students, propose broader ambitions in the second edition.In addition to the theories of John Brown, Monteggia takes up, with many reservations, the doctrine of the 'controstimolo' by <mask>i, of which he attempts an application in the surgical field, although, as we read in the Preface to the second edition of the work, he is not fully convinced. His main source of inspiration is the work of the Scottish surgeon John Hunter, but he knows and uses contemporary scientific literature, and in particular periodical publications. In fact, it proves to be a clinician attentive to practice the systemization, with a specific sensitivity to pharmacology. In addition to the usual surgical arguments, he is among the first to accurately describe polio from a clinical point of view. But his focus is particularly on orthopaedics. In particular, it provides valuable descriptive contributions to the pathology of the locomotor apparatus especially for the part concerning traumatology. Before others, he studies and describes the vices of gait (lameness) that he calls "dilombamento o sfiancamento".It makes the technique of dressing wounds and sores easier and perfects the devices in use to treat fractures and sprains. He divides dislocations into perfect and imperfect (subluxations). He ties his name to the eponymous fracture and hip mooning. The first with a description of the fracture of the ulna's 1st of the fin associated with the anterior dislocation of the radio capital. The second is due to the dislocation of the head of the femur near the anterior-upper illiac spine. Monteggia is always intent on learning from corpses the weaving of the body and to reveal from the bowels the hidden secrets of diseases. He always writes down observations of clinical signs at the bedside of patients; in reading his memoirs there are also faithfully recorded the wrong care and, even the diagnostic errors that happened to him in the long exercise of the profession, in which, who is most worth it, the less mistakes he makes; as Hippocrates himself claimed.Monteggia died before completing his work, of which he had designed a ninth volume dedicated among other things to electricity, vaccination, and a systematic treatment of the surgical pharmacopoeia. In 1813 he became a member of the reborn Institute of Sciences, Letterature and Arts in Milan. He was himself a contributor to the Journal of the most recent medical literature in Europe and to the New Journal of Medicine and Surgery in Milan. He collected a rich library. Late life
Monteggia is working on the latest edition of the "Surgical Institutions" when it is struck by night fevers that, however, do not distract him from his work and from the care of the sick; he is suffering from erysipelas that spreads from his right ear to the whole face and, despite the care of his colleagues, dies on the night of January 17, 1815 and he finds burial at the cemetery of Porta Romana; his remains, already unearthed, are exhumed again at the demolition of the cemetery and renowned at the Monumental Cemetery of Milan on April 27, 1875. A monument was erected in the atrium of the Maggiore hospital, now lost, which inspired, among other things, a sonnet to Carlo Porta. A bust of Canovian style was saved, due to the sculptor Camillo Pacetti.The Policlinic of Milan, as a gesture of solemn respect towards Monteggia, dedicated to him the Pavilion of Surgery in 1929. Bibliography
E. Acerbi, Della vita e degli studii di G. B. Monteggia, Milano 1816;
L. Agrifoglio, La etiopatogenesi delle malattie celtiche in alcune note di G.B. <mask>, in Castalia, XII (1954)
G. Cosmacini, Biografia della Ca’ Granda. Uomini e idee dell’Ospedale Maggiore di Milano, Roma-Bari 2001;
E. De Tipaldo, Biografia degli Italiani illustri, V, Venezia 1837;
G. Frank, Memorie, a cura di G. Galli, I, Milano 2006
F. Fusi, Biografia di Giovanni Battista Monteggia, in Rivista di Ortopedia e traumatologia, XXIV (1956),
La Ca’ Granda: cinque secoli di storia e d’arte dell’Ospedale Maggiore di Milano (catal. ), Milano 1981;
P. Sangiorgio, Cenni storici sulle due università di Pavia e di Milano e notizie intorno ai più celebri medici, Milano 1831,
A. Scarpa, Epistolario (1772-1832), a cura di G. Sala, Pavia 1938;
References
1762 births
1815 deaths
Italian surgeons
18th-century surgeons
18th-century Italian physicians
19th-century surgeons
19th-century Italian physicians
University of Pavia alumni
University of Pavia faculty
People from the Province of Varese
Burials at the Cimitero Monumentale di Milano | [
"Giovanni Battista Monteggia",
"Giovanni Battista",
"Monteggia",
"Antonio Monteggia",
"Giovanni Battista",
"Giovanni",
"Giovanni Battista",
"Monteggia",
"Monteggia",
"Monteggia",
"Giovanni Rasor",
"Monteggia"
] | <mask> was an Italian surgeon. The MonteggiaFracture is named after him. At the age of seventeen, he began training as a surgeon. He received a doctorate of medicine from the University of Pavia. His first book was published in the same year. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He held the chair of Istituzioni Chirurgiche at the University of Pavia.He contracted the disease after cutting himself. The Monteggia fracture is a fractured third of the ulna with a head of radius. Monteggia was the first to describe the injury in a ballet dancer. It is when you have a problem with the peroneal tendons. <mask> <mask> was born on the 8th of August, 1782, in Laveno. His mother was Marianna Vegezzi and his father was Gian <mask>. One of his brothers became a priest and the other a doctor.<mask> was introduced to the field of medicine by his father, who was involved in the construction of infrastructures. Monteggia is identified by the figure of the surgeon- doctor. Career <mask> started his studies in the field of medicine and went on to work as a chemist under the supervision of Antonio Porati. On the 11th of June, 1781, <mask> took the exam for the degree in medicine at the University of Pavia. A vision of medicine would be determined by his surgical studies. His first medical publication was written in latin and published in Milan in 1789. Carlo Maria Taverna, priest of San Nazaro and member of the cabinet instituted by Giuseppe II in 1784, had in charge of the administration of ecclesiastic places.A typical example of anatomic-pathological culture can be found in this text. The examination on the corpse and wounds follows the clinical observation. There is a nosological classification of pathologies in symmetrical and asymmetrical. The injuries of the head, with some first observations on the constitution and the function of the brain are proposed by the author. Different cases of abscess are described in a traditional way. The Cabinet of Anatomy of the University of Pavia received Monteggia's most interesting pieces. On the 18th of December, 1793, he received a letter thanking him for this action.The main scientific and medical lombard institution was thanked by the Regal Magistrate in a dispatch. Monteggia became a surgeon-helper in the 1790s. He had a slab thanks to the support of Taverna. In 1791, the medical director Bartolomeo de Battisti reestablished the teaching of anatomy, in order to reconstituting medical schools. Monteggia was nominated by the Court to be the first surgeon of the prisons. Monteggia was given the assignment of giving free lectures of surgery to young surgeons on the 20th of January, 1792. The annotated translation of the "compendium on venereal illnesses" was published by Monteggia in the year 1790.His annotations on venereal diseases were published in the late 18th century. The book shows a series of cases from Monteggia's direct clinical experience, being in contact with prostitutes and prisoners, and showing monteggia's sensibility on the topic of medical police. The majority of the patients are males. Monteggia supports the Brown system in this work. His ideology and position faded away when he was blamed for the weak spot. John Brown believed that the organisms were based on an equilibrium between being excited and excitability. Most diseases need a treatment based on strong external stimuli, according to him.As a matter of fact, Monteggia suggested to cure patients with a medical used plant known for its stimulating effects, because he believed that venereal diseases could be cured by abstaining from intercourse. The system was useless in the aim of curing the disease and often caused a worsening of the patient's conditions that led to death. Monteggia reached the peak of a short but fortunate carrier after the advent of the Cisalpine Republic and the Republic and Italy. He was called to examine the aspiring surgeons of the army after establishing special schools within different hospitals. The fortunate treatment of a great patient is testimony to his ties with the elite of the French era. Monteggia was appointed to an annuity by the latter in 1795. The teaching of surgery at the Maggiore hospital began one year after Monteggia was appointed professor.He was nominated as the doctor-surgeon of the security guard of the legislative assembly in 1798. One year after he was confirmed as a teacher in the hospital, he became an OB/Gyn at the S. Caterina Maggiore alla Ruota. Monteggia became healthcare official for the prisons of the Council of the French army in Italy on the second of April 1799. He was appointed to administer the vaccine. He started lectures of surgery at his hospital on the 30th of January 1800, after being nominated as a primary surgeon. In 1796 Monteggia published the translation from German of the Obstetric Art of Stein, but left it without commentary as he was busy. A masterpiece is a textbook for surgeons composed to accompany the lectures at the hospital, but he also started a collection of obstetric cases.The work was published in Milan, Naples and Pavia. The first edition was published in Milan between 1802 and 1805. Between 1803 and 1806, the second edition was published at Maspero and Boucher. Critics and reviewers praised the book. The letter of the 24th of February 1805 was written by Antonio Scarpa, who wanted Monteggia to teach clinical surgery at Pavia after him. In order to make his work accessible to an international audience, <mask> prepared a translation of his work into Latin. The institutions were born as a text for the use of students.In addition to the theories of John Brown, Monteggia takes up the doctrine of the 'controstimolo' by <mask>i, of which he attempts an application in the surgical field, although, as we read in the Preface to the second edition. His main source of inspiration is the work of the Scottish surgeon John Hunter. It proves to be attentive to practice the systemization with a specific sensitivity. He is one of the first to describe the disease from a clinical point of view. His focus is on orthopaedics. Valuable contributions to the pathology of the locomotor apparatus are provided by it. He studies and describes the vices of lameness that he calls "dilombamento o sfiancamento".Dressing wounds and sores is easier with it and the devices used to treat injuries are perfect. He divides dislocations into two categories. His name is tied to the hip mooning. There is a description of the injury to the ulna's 1st fin associated with the radio capital. The anterior-upper illiac spine is the reason for the second. Monteggia wants to learn from the weaving of corpses and from the bowels the hidden secrets of diseases. He always writes down observations of clinical signs at the bedside of patients; in reading his memoirs there are also faithfully recorded the wrong care and even the diagnostic errors that happened to him in the long exercise of the profession, in which, who is most worth it, the less mistakes he makes.The ninth volume of Monteggia's work was dedicated to electricity, vaccination, and a systematic treatment of the surgical pharmacopoeia. He joined the Institute of Sciences, Letterature and Arts in Milan in 1813. He was a contributor to both the New Journal of Medicine and Surgery in Milan and the Journal of the most recent medical literature in Europe. A rich library was collected by him. Late life Monteggia is working on the latest edition of the "Surgical Institutions" when he is struck by night fevers that do not distract him from his work and from the care of the sick; he is suffering from erysipelas that spreads from his right ear. A sonnet to Carlo Porta was one of the things inspired by a monument that was lost in the Maggiore hospital. A bust of Canovian style was saved by the sculptor.The Pavilion of Surgery was dedicated to Monteggia in 1929. La etiopatogenesi della mal celticattiehe in alcune note di G.B. Monteggia, Milano 1816 are included. Monteggia is in Castalia, XII. Uomini e idee dell'Ospedale Maggiore di Milano. Milano 1981; P. Sangiorgio, Cenni storici sulle due universit di Pavia e di Milano. | [
"Giovanni Battista Monteggia",
"Giovanni Battista",
"Monteggia",
"Antonio Monteggia",
"Giovanni Battista",
"Monteggia",
"Monteggia",
"Monteggia",
"Giovanni Rasor"
] |
550664 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twiggy%20Ramirez | Twiggy Ramirez | Jeordie Osbourne White (born June 20, 1971), once known professionally as Twiggy Ramirez, shortened to just Twiggy since 2008, and sometimes referred to by his real name, is an American musician, mostly known as the former bassist and guitarist of the band Marilyn Manson. Previously, he was the bassist for A Perfect Circle and a touring member of Nine Inch Nails, and is currently the vocalist for Goon Moon. He left Marilyn Manson in 2002, later rejoined the band in 2008, and was dismissed in 2017. He has been a principal songwriter for the band and has also contributed to some of the Desert Sessions recordings. He also hosts the Hour of Goon podcast with fellow musician Fred Sablan, on the Feral Audio network.
Early life
Born in Pompton Lakes, New Jersey, he moved to Florida during his childhood. He has an older brother, James. He did not know his father for most of his life but united with him in 2008 (which was mentioned in the Love Line radio interview in 2008).
Influenced by the likes of Mötley Crüe, Van Halen and Iron Maiden, he first picked up a guitar at age thirteen. Although a New Jersey native, he spent the better portion of his youth in the Fort Lauderdale area, where he quickly embraced South Florida's growing music scene and, by age 15, had joined his first band, The Ethiopians.
Musical career
Early in his career, White was in a speed metal cover band called The Ethiopians covering songs such as Metallica's "Trapped Under Ice". Between 1989 and 1993, White played rhythm guitar and provided backing vocals for Amboog-a-Lard.
(1993–2002; 2008–2017) Marilyn Manson
White met Brian Warner on numerous occasions in the late 1980s. After an unexpected meeting at a used records store in the Coral Springs Mall where White was working, the two realized they had much in common, but had yet to work on a musical endeavor. White actively attempted to join Manson's band while playing in another project. He became an honorary spooky kid, and went by the groupie name Gordy White. In March 1993, White took part in Manson's side project Mrs. Scabtree and shared vocal duties with then girlfriend Jessicka. Jeordie did not join Marilyn Manson and the Spooky Kids until Gidget Gein was ejected from the band by the manager in December 1993. White was given the Manson band member name Twiggy Ramirez, which was derived by taking the first name from English supermodel Twiggy and the surname from American serial killer Richard Ramirez. White never played bass until Manson bought him his first instrument right after he joined Manson's band. In 1998, White made a cameo in Monster Magnet's music video for "Space Lord". In 2001, White appeared on an MTV Cribs episode: the "Ozzfest Edition".
As a result of many lineup changes (specifically guitarists), White was largely responsible for most of the songwriting on the albums Antichrist Superstar, Mechanical Animals and Holy Wood; for the latter album, he shared credits with John 5. In 2007, White said that he is proud of the work that he did in the band.
On January 9, 2008 Marilyn Manson posted a bulletin on MySpace confirming that Tim Skold was leaving Marilyn Manson and that White had rejoined the band in his place. He toured with Manson as the band's new guitarist in support of their seventh studio album. However, he stayed with Goon Moon after the touring of The High End of Low finished.
White also mentioned in an interview that he would keep working with Manson for their next album, Born Villain, which was released on May 1, 2012. While he didn't participate in the writing or recording of Marilyn Manson's 2015 album, The Pale Emperor, he continued to tour with the band. Manson confirmed on Reddit that he intends on collaborating with White for the follow-up to The Pale Emperor. Despite this, the band's latest album, Heaven Upside Down, features no contributions from White.
On October 24, 2017 Marilyn Manson posted on Facebook that the band parted ways with White following allegations of sexual misconduct made against him, and announced that there will be a replacement for the upcoming tour.
(2003–present) Other projects
After departing Marilyn Manson, White played two live shows with California punk metal band Mondo Generator, and auditioned for the role of second guitar in Queens of the Stone Age, which he lost to Troy Van Leeuwen of A Perfect Circle. He also auditioned for a spot as bass player (after Jason Newsted's departure) in Metallica, but lost out to former Suicidal Tendencies/Ozzy Osbourne bassist Robert Trujillo, which is documented briefly in their film, Metallica: Some Kind of Monster.
Several months later, White replaced Paz Lenchantin in A Perfect Circle, the project of Tool frontman Maynard James Keenan and former Tool guitar tech Billy Howerdel as a full member of the band on bass guitar. White later joined Queens of the Stone Age frontman Josh Homme on the ninth and tenth volumes of Homme's music project The Desert Sessions. He contributed to Melissa Auf der Maur's solo debut and second solo album Out of Our Minds. He toured with Nine Inch Nails in support of their album With Teeth, from 2005–06 and then again in 2007 for Year Zero.
White has composed for a range of artists from fictional band Steel Dragon to Bif Naked to his namesake, model Twiggy Lawson with whom he recorded and produced a duet of Dusty Springfield's "I Only Want To Be With You" for the soundtrack of the MTV film Dead Man on Campus. In 2005, White worked with Goon Moon and with them released the EP I Got a Brand New Egg Layin' Machine, recorded at Rancho De La Luna, Prescription and Regime Studios. The band released their first full-length album "Licker's Last Leg" in May 2007. White appeared on the UNKLE album War Stories playing bass and synths on the track "Burn My Shadow".
'
White was invited to return to play with A Perfect Circle for their Fall and Winter 2010 Tour in North America, but ultimately did not participate in the reunion and was permanently replaced by Matt McJunkins.
Personal life
White cites Oasis, The Who, The Kinks and the Bee Gees as his influences and as his favorite bands.
White has a Don't Believe the Truth tattoo as a tribute to Oasis on his left arm. Due to his friendship with Oasis producer Dave Sardy, White got to play bass on a new version of Oasis' "Cast No Shadow" that was submitted to the soundtrack for the 2005 movie Goal!, and contributed remixes of "I'm Outta Time" and "Falling Down" that the band used as b-sides.
It has been emphasized by White personally that if there was one single piece of information the public should know about him it would be that he smells like baby powder.
White has been married to model and makeup artist Laney Chantal since July 26, 2014. Dee Snider who officiated their wedding stated during another wedding that the couple are now divorced.
Rape accusation
On October 21, 2017, White's ex-girlfriend Jessicka Addams, lead singer of the band Jack Off Jill, published a Facebook post accusing White of rape, as well as physical and emotional abuse throughout their five year relationship, from 1992 to 1997. White issued a statement following the allegations: "I have only recently been made aware of these allegations from over 20 years ago. I do not condone non-consensual sex of any kind. I will be taking some time to spend with my family and focus on maintaining my several years of sobriety. If I have caused anyone pain I apologize and truly regret it."
Preferred equipment
While in Marilyn Manson, White used the following bass guitars, among many things, showing a strong preference for Gibson instruments, and bass guitars used by his classic rock mentors:
White owns multiple Gibson Thunderbird bass guitars. During the Guns, God, and Government tour, he toured with 5 Thunderbird bass guitars, most often seen with the pickguard removed, or a matching black pickguard on a black Thunderbird. Each bass guitar had different tunings (Standard, Drop D, etc.) and was used for different songs.
1992 Gibson Thunderbird IV Reverse (seen in the "Disposable Teens" video; used extensively in live performances from 1998–2002, and again for live use since his reunion with Manson in 2008.
1974 Gibson Ripper L9-S Bass (vintage, as seen in "The Dope Show" video)
1977 Gibson RD Artist Bass (vintage, as seen in the "Dope Hat" and "Coma White" videos). This bass guitar was sold to a fan through a mutual friend of White and Manson in 2005 via eBay.
BC Rich Warlock Bass w/ Widow headstock (seen in the "Rock is Dead" video).
1980s USA BC Rich Warlock bass (4 on a side headstock) Used in live performances from 1998–1999, notably during the first live performance of "The Dope Show" on the 1998 MTV Video Music Awards. White donated this bass guitar to the Hard Rock Cafe in Ottawa, Canada, where it is among their most popular pieces of memorabilia on display.
Gibson Les Paul bass. Used live and in the studio. Makes many appearances in early videos (Lunchbox, Get Your Gunn) and saw live use from 1994–1997.
During his parting of ways with Manson from 2002–2008, he took up the following models as his preferred instruments:
Fender Precision Deluxe Bass (live, on tour with A Perfect Circle 2003–2004)
Spector NS-2 Bass (live, on tour with A Perfect Circle 2003–2004)
Steinberger Spirit Bass (live, on tour with A Perfect Circle 2003–2004)
Fender Precision Bass (live, on tour with Nine Inch Nails)
Music Man StingRay 4 Bass (live, on tour with Nine Inch Nails)
In addition to the aforementioned bass guitars, White has used numerous other brands and models of electric and acoustic guitar in writing and recording for each band he has been involved with, and he plays following guitars in live performances.
Gibson Flying V (With Marilyn Manson)
Gibson SG (With Goon Moon)
Gibson ES-335 or Gibson Lucille (With Goon Moon, Nine Inch Nails and Marilyn Manson)
Gibson Les Paul (With Nine Inch Nails)
Gibson Explorer (With Marilyn Manson)
Fender Telecaster (With both Marilyn Manson and Nine Inch Nails)
Mosrite US65-BK (With Marilyn Manson 2009)
Eastwood Guitars Sidejack Baritone (With Marilyn Manson 2009) during "We're From America"
Filmography
1996: Dead to the World
1997: Lost Highway
1999: Coma White
1999: God Is in the TV
2002: Guns, God and Government
2004: Metallica: Some Kind of Monster
2005: Backstage Pass 3: Uncensored!
2007: Beside You in Time
2009: Night of Pan
2012: Slo-Mo-Tion
2013: Jeff Hilliard: Good Life
2015: Massacre
2015: Frankenstein
2016: Blood Bath
Discography
Amboog-A-Lard
1993: A New Hope
Marilyn Manson
1995: Smells Like Children
1996: Antichrist Superstar
1998: Mechanical Animals
1999: The Last Tour on Earth
2000: Holy Wood (In the Shadow of the Valley of Death)
2009: The High End of Low
2012: Born Villain
Dave Navarro
2001: Trust No One (Bass on "Everything")
The Desert Sessions
2003: Volumes 9 & 10
A Perfect Circle
2003: Thirteenth Step
2004: eMOTIVe
2004: aMOTION
Nine Inch Nails
2007: Beside You in Time
Goon Moon
2005: I Got a Brand New Egg Layin' Machine
2007: Licker's Last Leg
Soundtrack work
1998: Dead Man on Campus Soundtrack ("I Only Want to Be With You" with Twiggy)
2005: Goal! Soundtrack ("Cast No Shadow (UNKLE Beachhead Mix)" Oasis)
2001: Rock Star Soundtrack ("Blood Pollution" for the band Steel Dragon)
UNKLE
2007: Burn My Shadow
2017: The Road: Part 1
2019: The Road: Part II (Lost Highway)
Oasis
2008: I'm Outta Time (Remix)
2009: Falling Down (It's the Gibb Mix by Twiggy and Sardy)
Cinema Bizarre
2009: Lovesongs (Remix)
Sons of Anarchy
2013: You Are My Sunshine (Jamey Johnson Shooter Jennings)
References
External links
Official website
1971 births
Living people
American rock bass guitarists
American heavy metal musicians
American heavy metal bass guitarists
American male bass guitarists
American industrial musicians
Goon Moon members
Marilyn Manson (band) members
Guitarists from New Jersey
Nine Inch Nails members
People from Pompton Lakes, New Jersey
A Perfect Circle members
J. P. Taravella High School alumni
Musicians from Coral Springs, Florida
Alternative metal bass guitarists
Guitarists from Florida
21st-century American bass guitarists
Industrial metal musicians | [
"Jeordie Osbourne White (born June 20, 1971), once known professionally as Twiggy Ramirez, shortened to just Twiggy since 2008, and sometimes referred to by his real name, is an American musician, mostly known as the former bassist and guitarist of the band Marilyn Manson.",
"Previously, he was the bassist for A Perfect Circle and a touring member of Nine Inch Nails, and is currently the vocalist for Goon Moon.",
"He left Marilyn Manson in 2002, later rejoined the band in 2008, and was dismissed in 2017.",
"He has been a principal songwriter for the band and has also contributed to some of the Desert Sessions recordings.",
"He also hosts the Hour of Goon podcast with fellow musician Fred Sablan, on the Feral Audio network.",
"Early life\nBorn in Pompton Lakes, New Jersey, he moved to Florida during his childhood.",
"He has an older brother, James.",
"He did not know his father for most of his life but united with him in 2008 (which was mentioned in the Love Line radio interview in 2008).",
"Influenced by the likes of Mötley Crüe, Van Halen and Iron Maiden, he first picked up a guitar at age thirteen.",
"Although a New Jersey native, he spent the better portion of his youth in the Fort Lauderdale area, where he quickly embraced South Florida's growing music scene and, by age 15, had joined his first band, The Ethiopians.",
"Musical career\nEarly in his career, White was in a speed metal cover band called The Ethiopians covering songs such as Metallica's \"Trapped Under Ice\".",
"Between 1989 and 1993, White played rhythm guitar and provided backing vocals for Amboog-a-Lard.",
"(1993–2002; 2008–2017) Marilyn Manson\nWhite met Brian Warner on numerous occasions in the late 1980s.",
"After an unexpected meeting at a used records store in the Coral Springs Mall where White was working, the two realized they had much in common, but had yet to work on a musical endeavor.",
"White actively attempted to join Manson's band while playing in another project.",
"He became an honorary spooky kid, and went by the groupie name Gordy White.",
"In March 1993, White took part in Manson's side project Mrs. Scabtree and shared vocal duties with then girlfriend Jessicka.",
"Jeordie did not join Marilyn Manson and the Spooky Kids until Gidget Gein was ejected from the band by the manager in December 1993.",
"White was given the Manson band member name Twiggy Ramirez, which was derived by taking the first name from English supermodel Twiggy and the surname from American serial killer Richard Ramirez.",
"White never played bass until Manson bought him his first instrument right after he joined Manson's band.",
"In 1998, White made a cameo in Monster Magnet's music video for \"Space Lord\".",
"In 2001, White appeared on an MTV Cribs episode: the \"Ozzfest Edition\".",
"As a result of many lineup changes (specifically guitarists), White was largely responsible for most of the songwriting on the albums Antichrist Superstar, Mechanical Animals and Holy Wood; for the latter album, he shared credits with John 5.",
"In 2007, White said that he is proud of the work that he did in the band.",
"On January 9, 2008 Marilyn Manson posted a bulletin on MySpace confirming that Tim Skold was leaving Marilyn Manson and that White had rejoined the band in his place.",
"He toured with Manson as the band's new guitarist in support of their seventh studio album.",
"However, he stayed with Goon Moon after the touring of The High End of Low finished.",
"White also mentioned in an interview that he would keep working with Manson for their next album, Born Villain, which was released on May 1, 2012.",
"While he didn't participate in the writing or recording of Marilyn Manson's 2015 album, The Pale Emperor, he continued to tour with the band.",
"Manson confirmed on Reddit that he intends on collaborating with White for the follow-up to The Pale Emperor.",
"Despite this, the band's latest album, Heaven Upside Down, features no contributions from White.",
"On October 24, 2017 Marilyn Manson posted on Facebook that the band parted ways with White following allegations of sexual misconduct made against him, and announced that there will be a replacement for the upcoming tour.",
"(2003–present) Other projects\n\nAfter departing Marilyn Manson, White played two live shows with California punk metal band Mondo Generator, and auditioned for the role of second guitar in Queens of the Stone Age, which he lost to Troy Van Leeuwen of A Perfect Circle.",
"He also auditioned for a spot as bass player (after Jason Newsted's departure) in Metallica, but lost out to former Suicidal Tendencies/Ozzy Osbourne bassist Robert Trujillo, which is documented briefly in their film, Metallica: Some Kind of Monster.",
"Several months later, White replaced Paz Lenchantin in A Perfect Circle, the project of Tool frontman Maynard James Keenan and former Tool guitar tech Billy Howerdel as a full member of the band on bass guitar.",
"White later joined Queens of the Stone Age frontman Josh Homme on the ninth and tenth volumes of Homme's music project The Desert Sessions.",
"He contributed to Melissa Auf der Maur's solo debut and second solo album Out of Our Minds.",
"He toured with Nine Inch Nails in support of their album With Teeth, from 2005–06 and then again in 2007 for Year Zero.",
"White has composed for a range of artists from fictional band Steel Dragon to Bif Naked to his namesake, model Twiggy Lawson with whom he recorded and produced a duet of Dusty Springfield's \"I Only Want To Be With You\" for the soundtrack of the MTV film Dead Man on Campus.",
"In 2005, White worked with Goon Moon and with them released the EP I Got a Brand New Egg Layin' Machine, recorded at Rancho De La Luna, Prescription and Regime Studios.",
"The band released their first full-length album \"Licker's Last Leg\" in May 2007.",
"White appeared on the UNKLE album War Stories playing bass and synths on the track \"Burn My Shadow\".\n'",
"White was invited to return to play with A Perfect Circle for their Fall and Winter 2010 Tour in North America, but ultimately did not participate in the reunion and was permanently replaced by Matt McJunkins.",
"Personal life\nWhite cites Oasis, The Who, The Kinks and the Bee Gees as his influences and as his favorite bands.",
"White has a Don't Believe the Truth tattoo as a tribute to Oasis on his left arm.",
"Due to his friendship with Oasis producer Dave Sardy, White got to play bass on a new version of Oasis' \"Cast No Shadow\" that was submitted to the soundtrack for the 2005 movie Goal!, and contributed remixes of \"I'm Outta Time\" and \"Falling Down\" that the band used as b-sides.",
"It has been emphasized by White personally that if there was one single piece of information the public should know about him it would be that he smells like baby powder.",
"White has been married to model and makeup artist Laney Chantal since July 26, 2014.",
"Dee Snider who officiated their wedding stated during another wedding that the couple are now divorced.",
"Rape accusation\nOn October 21, 2017, White's ex-girlfriend Jessicka Addams, lead singer of the band Jack Off Jill, published a Facebook post accusing White of rape, as well as physical and emotional abuse throughout their five year relationship, from 1992 to 1997.",
"White issued a statement following the allegations: \"I have only recently been made aware of these allegations from over 20 years ago.",
"I do not condone non-consensual sex of any kind.",
"I will be taking some time to spend with my family and focus on maintaining my several years of sobriety.",
"If I have caused anyone pain I apologize and truly regret it.\"",
"Preferred equipment\n \nWhile in Marilyn Manson, White used the following bass guitars, among many things, showing a strong preference for Gibson instruments, and bass guitars used by his classic rock mentors:\n\nWhite owns multiple Gibson Thunderbird bass guitars.",
"During the Guns, God, and Government tour, he toured with 5 Thunderbird bass guitars, most often seen with the pickguard removed, or a matching black pickguard on a black Thunderbird.",
"Each bass guitar had different tunings (Standard, Drop D, etc.)",
"and was used for different songs.",
"1992 Gibson Thunderbird IV Reverse (seen in the \"Disposable Teens\" video; used extensively in live performances from 1998–2002, and again for live use since his reunion with Manson in 2008.",
"1974 Gibson Ripper L9-S Bass (vintage, as seen in \"The Dope Show\" video)\n1977 Gibson RD Artist Bass (vintage, as seen in the \"Dope Hat\" and \"Coma White\" videos).",
"This bass guitar was sold to a fan through a mutual friend of White and Manson in 2005 via eBay.",
"BC Rich Warlock Bass w/ Widow headstock (seen in the \"Rock is Dead\" video).",
"1980s USA BC Rich Warlock bass (4 on a side headstock) Used in live performances from 1998–1999, notably during the first live performance of \"The Dope Show\" on the 1998 MTV Video Music Awards.",
"White donated this bass guitar to the Hard Rock Cafe in Ottawa, Canada, where it is among their most popular pieces of memorabilia on display.",
"Gibson Les Paul bass.",
"Used live and in the studio.",
"Makes many appearances in early videos (Lunchbox, Get Your Gunn) and saw live use from 1994–1997.",
"During his parting of ways with Manson from 2002–2008, he took up the following models as his preferred instruments:\n\nFender Precision Deluxe Bass (live, on tour with A Perfect Circle 2003–2004)\nSpector NS-2 Bass (live, on tour with A Perfect Circle 2003–2004)\nSteinberger Spirit Bass (live, on tour with A Perfect Circle 2003–2004)\nFender Precision Bass (live, on tour with Nine Inch Nails)\nMusic Man StingRay 4 Bass (live, on tour with Nine Inch Nails)\n\nIn addition to the aforementioned bass guitars, White has used numerous other brands and models of electric and acoustic guitar in writing and recording for each band he has been involved with, and he plays following guitars in live performances.",
"Gibson Flying V (With Marilyn Manson)\nGibson SG (With Goon Moon)\nGibson ES-335 or Gibson Lucille (With Goon Moon, Nine Inch Nails and Marilyn Manson)\nGibson Les Paul (With Nine Inch Nails)\nGibson Explorer (With Marilyn Manson)\nFender Telecaster (With both Marilyn Manson and Nine Inch Nails)\nMosrite US65-BK (With Marilyn Manson 2009)\nEastwood Guitars Sidejack Baritone (With Marilyn Manson 2009) during \"We're From America\"\n\nFilmography \n 1996: Dead to the World\n 1997: Lost Highway\n 1999: Coma White\n 1999: God Is in the TV\n 2002: Guns, God and Government\n 2004: Metallica: Some Kind of Monster\n 2005: Backstage Pass 3: Uncensored!",
"2007: Beside You in Time\n 2009: Night of Pan\n 2012: Slo-Mo-Tion\n 2013: Jeff Hilliard: Good Life\n2015: Massacre\n2015: Frankenstein\n2016: Blood Bath\n\nDiscography \nAmboog-A-Lard\n 1993: A New Hope\n\nMarilyn Manson\n 1995: Smells Like Children\n 1996: Antichrist Superstar\n 1998: Mechanical Animals\n 1999: The Last Tour on Earth\n 2000: Holy Wood (In the Shadow of the Valley of Death)\n 2009: The High End of Low\n 2012: Born Villain\n\nDave Navarro\n 2001: Trust No One (Bass on \"Everything\")\n\nThe Desert Sessions\n 2003: Volumes 9 & 10\n\nA Perfect Circle\n 2003: Thirteenth Step\n 2004: eMOTIVe\n 2004: aMOTION\n\nNine Inch Nails\n 2007: Beside You in Time\n\nGoon Moon\n 2005: I Got a Brand New Egg Layin' Machine\n 2007: Licker's Last Leg\n\nSoundtrack work\n 1998: Dead Man on Campus Soundtrack (\"I Only Want to Be With You\" with Twiggy)\n 2005: Goal!",
"Soundtrack (\"Cast No Shadow (UNKLE Beachhead Mix)\" Oasis)\n 2001: Rock Star Soundtrack (\"Blood Pollution\" for the band Steel Dragon)\n\nUNKLE\n 2007: Burn My Shadow\n 2017: The Road: Part 1\n 2019: The Road: Part II (Lost Highway)\n\nOasis\n 2008: I'm Outta Time (Remix)\n 2009: Falling Down (It's the Gibb Mix by Twiggy and Sardy)\n\nCinema Bizarre\n 2009: Lovesongs (Remix)\n\nSons of Anarchy\n2013: You Are My Sunshine (Jamey Johnson Shooter Jennings)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Official website\n\n1971 births\nLiving people\nAmerican rock bass guitarists\nAmerican heavy metal musicians\nAmerican heavy metal bass guitarists\nAmerican male bass guitarists\nAmerican industrial musicians\nGoon Moon members\nMarilyn Manson (band) members\nGuitarists from New Jersey\nNine Inch Nails members\nPeople from Pompton Lakes, New Jersey\nA Perfect Circle members\nJ. P. Taravella High School alumni\nMusicians from Coral Springs, Florida\nAlternative metal bass guitarists\nGuitarists from Florida\n21st-century American bass guitarists\nIndustrial metal musicians"
] | [
"The former bassist and guitarist of the band Marilyn Manson, known as Jeordie White, is an American musician who is sometimes referred to by his real name.",
"He was the bassist for A Perfect Circle and a touring member of Nine Inch Nails.",
"He left Marilyn Manson in 2002 and rejoined the band in 2008.",
"He is a principal writer for the band and has contributed to some of the recordings.",
"The Hour of Goon is hosted on the Feral Audio network.",
"He moved to Florida as a child from Pompton Lakes, New Jersey.",
"James is his older brother.",
"He was united with his father in 2008 despite not knowing him for most of his life.",
"He first picked up a guitar at the age of thirteen.",
"Although a New Jersey native, he spent most of his youth in the Fort Lauderdale area, where he quickly embraced South Florida's growing music scene and joined his first band at the age of 15.",
"White was in a speed metal band called The Ethiopians that covered songs such as \"Trapped Under Ice\".",
"White played rhythm guitar and provided backing vocals for Amboog-a-Lard.",
"Brian Warner and Marilyn Manson White met many times in the late 1980s.",
"After an unexpected meeting at a used records store in the Coral Springs Mall where White was working, the two realized they had much in common, but had yet to work on a musical endeavor.",
"White was playing in another project when he tried to join Manson's band.",
"He went by the name Gordy White.",
"White and Jessicka were part of Manson's side project Mrs. Scabtree.",
"Gidget Gein was kicked out of the band by the manager in December 1993.",
"The Manson band member name was given to White by taking the first name from an English model and the last name from an American serial killer.",
"Manson bought White his first instrument after he joined his band.",
"White appeared in Monster Magnet's music video for \"Space Lord\" in 1998.",
"White appeared on an MTV Cribs episode in 2001.",
"As a result of lineup changes, White was largely responsible for most of the writing on the albums Antichrist Superstar, Mechanical Animals and Holy Wood; for the latter album, he shared credits with John 5.",
"In 2007, White said that he was proud of his work in the band.",
"On January 9, 2008, Marilyn Manson posted a bulletin on the website stating that Tim Skold was leaving the band and that White would be taking his place.",
"He toured with Manson as the band's new guitarist.",
"He stayed with Goon Moon after the tour of The High End of Low ended.",
"White mentioned in an interview that he would continue to work with Manson for their next album, Born Villain, which was released on May 1, 2012",
"He continued to tour with the band even though he didn't participate in the writing or recording of The Pale Emperor.",
"Manson and White will work on the follow-up to The Pale Emperor.",
"White did not contribute to the band's latest album, Heaven Upside Down.",
"There will be a replacement for the upcoming tour after Marilyn Manson posted on Facebook that the band had parted ways with White.",
"White tried out for the role of second guitar in Queens of the Stone Age, but lost to Troy Van Leeuwen of A Perfect Circle.",
"He tried out for a spot as a bass player in the band, but lost out to a former member of Suicidal Tendencies.",
"White was replaced by Billy Howerdel in A Perfect Circle as a full member of the band on bass guitar.",
"White and Homme collaborated on the ninth and tenth volumes of Homme's music project.",
"He contributed to the first and second solo albums of the same name.",
"In 2005 and 2006 he toured with Nine Inch Nails in support of their album With Teeth.",
"White has composed for a range of artists from fictional band Steel Dragon to Bif Naked to his namesake, model Twiggy Lawson with whom he recorded and produced a duet of Dusty Springfield's \"I Only Want To Be With You\" for the soundtrack of the MTV film Dead Man on Campus",
"I Got a Brand New Egg Layin' Machine was released in 2005 by White and Goon Moon.",
"\"Licker's Last Leg\" was the band's first full-length album.",
"On the UNKLE album War Stories, White played bass and synthesizer on the track \"Burn My Shadow\".",
"White was invited to return to play with A Perfect Circle for their Fall and Winter 2010 Tour in North America, but ultimately did not participate in the reunion and was replaced by Matt McJunkins.",
"White says Oasis, The Who, The Kinks and the Bee Gees are his favorite bands.",
"The Don't Believe the Truth tattoo is a tribute to Oasis on White's left arm.",
"White got to play bass on a new version of Oasis' \"Cast No Shadow\" that was submitted to the soundtrack for the 2005 movie Goal!, as well as contributing to the \"I'm Outta Time\" and \"Falling Down\" versions.",
"If there was only one piece of information the public should know about him, it would be that he smells like baby powder.",
"White has been married to a makeup artist.",
"Dee Snider stated during another wedding that the couple are no longer married.",
"White's ex-girlfriend Jessicka Addams, lead singer of the band Jack Off Jill, published a Facebook post accusing White of rape, as well as physical and emotional abuse throughout their five year relationship, from 1992 to 1997.",
"White said that he had only recently been made aware of the allegations from 20 years ago.",
"I don't agree with non-consensual sex.",
"I will be taking some time to spend with my family and focus on my recovery.",
"I apologize if I have hurt anyone.",
"While in Marilyn Manson, White used the following bass guitars, among many things, showing a strong preference for Gibson instruments, and bass guitars used by his classic rock mentors.",
"During the Guns, God, and Government tour, he toured with 5 Thunderbird bass guitars, most often with the pickguard removed, or a matching black pickguard on a black Thunderbird.",
"The bass guitars had different tunings.",
"It was used for different songs.",
"In the \"Disposable Teens\" video, you can see the live performance of the 1992 Gibson Thunderbird IV Reverse, which was used extensively in live performances from 1998 to 2002 and again for live use since his reunion with Manson in 2008.",
"As seen in \"The Dope Show\" video and in the \"Dope Hat\" and \"Coma White\" videos, there are vintage guitars.",
"A friend of White and Manson sold the bass guitar to a fan on eBay.",
"The BC Rich Warlock Bass is in the \"Rock is Dead\" video.",
"During the first live performance of \"The Dope Show\" on the 1998 MTV Video Music Awards, the USA BC Rich Warlock bass was used.",
"White donated the bass guitar to the Hard Rock Cafe in Canada, where it is currently on display.",
"There is a bass by the name of Les Paul.",
"In the studio and live.",
"Lunchbox, Get Your Gunn, and other early videos were used live.",
"During his time with Manson, he took up the following models as his preferred instruments.",
"There are two guitars with Marilyn Manson: the Flying V and the Explorer.",
"The film Beside You in Time was released in 2009, Night of Pan was released in 2012 and Good Life was released in 2015.",
"\"Cast No Shadow\" is a Beachhead mix and the Rock Star soundtrack is \"Blood Pollution\" for the band Steel Dragon."
] | Jeordie Osbourne White (born June 20, 1971), once known professionally as <mask>, shortened to just <mask>. He left Marilyn Manson in 2002, later rejoined the band in 2008, and was dismissed in 2017. He has been a principal songwriter for the band and has also contributed to some of the Desert Sessions recordings. He also hosts the Hour of Goon podcast with fellow musician Fred Sablan, on the Feral Audio network. Early life
Born in Pompton Lakes, New Jersey, he moved to Florida during his childhood. He has an older brother, James.He did not know his father for most of his life but united with him in 2008 (which was mentioned in the Love Line radio interview in 2008). Influenced by the likes of Mötley Crüe, Van Halen and Iron Maiden, he first picked up a guitar at age thirteen. Although a New Jersey native, he spent the better portion of his youth in the Fort Lauderdale area, where he quickly embraced South Florida's growing music scene and, by age 15, had joined his first band, The Ethiopians. Musical career
Early in his career, White was in a speed metal cover band called The Ethiopians covering songs such as Metallica's "Trapped Under Ice". Between 1989 and 1993, White played rhythm guitar and provided backing vocals for Amboog-a-Lard. (1993–2002; 2008–2017) Marilyn Manson
White met Brian Warner on numerous occasions in the late 1980s. After an unexpected meeting at a used records store in the Coral Springs Mall where White was working, the two realized they had much in common, but had yet to work on a musical endeavor.White actively attempted to join Manson's band while playing in another project. He became an honorary spooky kid, and went by the groupie name Gordy White. In March 1993, White took part in Manson's side project Mrs. Scabtree and shared vocal duties with then girlfriend Jessicka. Jeordie did not join Marilyn Manson and the Spooky Kids until Gidget Gein was ejected from the band by the manager in December 1993. White was given the Manson band member name Twiggy <mask>, which was derived by taking the first name from English supermodel Twiggy and the surname from American serial killer <mask>. White never played bass until Manson bought him his first instrument right after he joined Manson's band. In 1998, White made a cameo in Monster Magnet's music video for "Space Lord".In 2001, White appeared on an MTV Cribs episode: the "Ozzfest Edition". As a result of many lineup changes (specifically guitarists), White was largely responsible for most of the songwriting on the albums Antichrist Superstar, Mechanical Animals and Holy Wood; for the latter album, he shared credits with John 5. In 2007, White said that he is proud of the work that he did in the band. On January 9, 2008 Marilyn Manson posted a bulletin on MySpace confirming that Tim Skold was leaving Marilyn Manson and that White had rejoined the band in his place. He toured with Manson as the band's new guitarist in support of their seventh studio album. However, he stayed with Goon Moon after the touring of The High End of Low finished. White also mentioned in an interview that he would keep working with Manson for their next album, Born Villain, which was released on May 1, 2012.While he didn't participate in the writing or recording of Marilyn Manson's 2015 album, The Pale Emperor, he continued to tour with the band. Manson confirmed on Reddit that he intends on collaborating with White for the follow-up to The Pale Emperor. Despite this, the band's latest album, Heaven Upside Down, features no contributions from White. On October 24, 2017 Marilyn Manson posted on Facebook that the band parted ways with White following allegations of sexual misconduct made against him, and announced that there will be a replacement for the upcoming tour. (2003–present) Other projects
After departing Marilyn Manson, White played two live shows with California punk metal band Mondo Generator, and auditioned for the role of second guitar in Queens of the Stone Age, which he lost to Troy Van Leeuwen of A Perfect Circle. He also auditioned for a spot as bass player (after Jason Newsted's departure) in Metallica, but lost out to former Suicidal Tendencies/Ozzy Osbourne bassist Robert Trujillo, which is documented briefly in their film, Metallica: Some Kind of Monster. Several months later, White replaced Paz Lenchantin in A Perfect Circle, the project of Tool frontman Maynard James Keenan and former Tool guitar tech Billy Howerdel as a full member of the band on bass guitar.White later joined Queens of the Stone Age frontman Josh Homme on the ninth and tenth volumes of Homme's music project The Desert Sessions. He contributed to Melissa Auf der Maur's solo debut and second solo album Out of Our Minds. He toured with Nine Inch Nails in support of their album With Teeth, from 2005–06 and then again in 2007 for Year Zero. White has composed for a range of artists from fictional band Steel Dragon to Bif Naked to his namesake, model <mask> Lawson with whom he recorded and produced a duet of Dusty Springfield's "I Only Want To Be With You" for the soundtrack of the MTV film Dead Man on Campus. In 2005, White worked with Goon Moon and with them released the EP I Got a Brand New Egg Layin' Machine, recorded at Rancho De La Luna, Prescription and Regime Studios. The band released their first full-length album "Licker's Last Leg" in May 2007. White appeared on the UNKLE album War Stories playing bass and synths on the track "Burn My Shadow".
'White was invited to return to play with A Perfect Circle for their Fall and Winter 2010 Tour in North America, but ultimately did not participate in the reunion and was permanently replaced by Matt McJunkins. Personal life
White cites Oasis, The Who, The Kinks and the Bee Gees as his influences and as his favorite bands. White has a Don't Believe the Truth tattoo as a tribute to Oasis on his left arm. Due to his friendship with Oasis producer Dave Sardy, White got to play bass on a new version of Oasis' "Cast No Shadow" that was submitted to the soundtrack for the 2005 movie Goal!, and contributed remixes of "I'm Outta Time" and "Falling Down" that the band used as b-sides. It has been emphasized by White personally that if there was one single piece of information the public should know about him it would be that he smells like baby powder. White has been married to model and makeup artist Laney Chantal since July 26, 2014. Dee Snider who officiated their wedding stated during another wedding that the couple are now divorced.Rape accusation
On October 21, 2017, White's ex-girlfriend Jessicka Addams, lead singer of the band Jack Off Jill, published a Facebook post accusing White of rape, as well as physical and emotional abuse throughout their five year relationship, from 1992 to 1997. White issued a statement following the allegations: "I have only recently been made aware of these allegations from over 20 years ago. I do not condone non-consensual sex of any kind. I will be taking some time to spend with my family and focus on maintaining my several years of sobriety. If I have caused anyone pain I apologize and truly regret it." Preferred equipment
While in Marilyn Manson, White used the following bass guitars, among many things, showing a strong preference for Gibson instruments, and bass guitars used by his classic rock mentors:
White owns multiple Gibson Thunderbird bass guitars. During the Guns, God, and Government tour, he toured with 5 Thunderbird bass guitars, most often seen with the pickguard removed, or a matching black pickguard on a black Thunderbird.Each bass guitar had different tunings (Standard, Drop D, etc.) and was used for different songs. 1992 Gibson Thunderbird IV Reverse (seen in the "Disposable Teens" video; used extensively in live performances from 1998–2002, and again for live use since his reunion with Manson in 2008. 1974 Gibson Ripper L9-S Bass (vintage, as seen in "The Dope Show" video)
1977 Gibson RD Artist Bass (vintage, as seen in the "Dope Hat" and "Coma White" videos). This bass guitar was sold to a fan through a mutual friend of White and Manson in 2005 via eBay. BC Rich Warlock Bass w/ Widow headstock (seen in the "Rock is Dead" video). 1980s USA BC Rich Warlock bass (4 on a side headstock) Used in live performances from 1998–1999, notably during the first live performance of "The Dope Show" on the 1998 MTV Video Music Awards.White donated this bass guitar to the Hard Rock Cafe in Ottawa, Canada, where it is among their most popular pieces of memorabilia on display. Gibson Les Paul bass. Used live and in the studio. Makes many appearances in early videos (Lunchbox, Get Your Gunn) and saw live use from 1994–1997. During his parting of ways with Manson from 2002–2008, he took up the following models as his preferred instruments:
Fender Precision Deluxe Bass (live, on tour with A Perfect Circle 2003–2004)
Spector NS-2 Bass (live, on tour with A Perfect Circle 2003–2004)
Steinberger Spirit Bass (live, on tour with A Perfect Circle 2003–2004)
Fender Precision Bass (live, on tour with Nine Inch Nails)
Music Man StingRay 4 Bass (live, on tour with Nine Inch Nails)
In addition to the aforementioned bass guitars, White has used numerous other brands and models of electric and acoustic guitar in writing and recording for each band he has been involved with, and he plays following guitars in live performances. Gibson Flying V (With Marilyn Manson)
Gibson SG (With Goon Moon)
Gibson ES-335 or Gibson Lucille (With Goon Moon, Nine Inch Nails and Marilyn Manson)
Gibson Les Paul (With Nine Inch Nails)
Gibson Explorer (With Marilyn Manson)
Fender Telecaster (With both Marilyn Manson and Nine Inch Nails)
Mosrite US65-BK (With Marilyn Manson 2009)
Eastwood Guitars Sidejack Baritone (With Marilyn Manson 2009) during "We're From America"
Filmography
1996: Dead to the World
1997: Lost Highway
1999: Coma White
1999: God Is in the TV
2002: Guns, God and Government
2004: Metallica: Some Kind of Monster
2005: Backstage Pass 3: Uncensored! 2007: Beside You in Time
2009: Night of Pan
2012: Slo-Mo-Tion
2013: Jeff Hilliard: Good Life
2015: Massacre
2015: Frankenstein
2016: Blood Bath
Discography
Amboog-A-Lard
1993: A New Hope
Marilyn Manson
1995: Smells Like Children
1996: Antichrist Superstar
1998: Mechanical Animals
1999: The Last Tour on Earth
2000: Holy Wood (In the Shadow of the Valley of Death)
2009: The High End of Low
2012: Born Villain
Dave Navarro
2001: Trust No One (Bass on "Everything")
The Desert Sessions
2003: Volumes 9 & 10
A Perfect Circle
2003: Thirteenth Step
2004: eMOTIVe
2004: aMOTION
Nine Inch Nails
2007: Beside You in Time
Goon Moon
2005: I Got a Brand New Egg Layin' Machine
2007: Licker's Last Leg
Soundtrack work
1998: Dead Man on Campus Soundtrack ("I Only Want to Be With You" with Twiggy)
2005: Goal!Soundtrack ("Cast No Shadow (UNKLE Beachhead Mix)" Oasis)
2001: Rock Star Soundtrack ("Blood Pollution" for the band Steel Dragon)
UNKLE
2007: Burn My Shadow
2017: The Road: Part 1
2019: The Road: Part II (Lost Highway)
Oasis
2008: I'm Outta Time (Remix)
2009: Falling Down (It's the Gibb Mix by Twiggy and Sardy)
Cinema Bizarre
2009: Lovesongs (Remix)
Sons of Anarchy
2013: You Are My Sunshine (Jamey Johnson Shooter Jennings)
References
External links
Official website
1971 births
Living people
American rock bass guitarists
American heavy metal musicians
American heavy metal bass guitarists
American male bass guitarists
American industrial musicians
Goon Moon members
Marilyn Manson (band) members
Guitarists from New Jersey
Nine Inch Nails members
People from Pompton Lakes, New Jersey
A Perfect Circle members
J. P. Taravella High School alumni
Musicians from Coral Springs, Florida
Alternative metal bass guitarists
Guitarists from Florida
21st-century American bass guitarists
Industrial metal musicians | [
"Tgy Ramirez",
"Twiggyon Moon",
"Ramirez",
"Richard Ramirez",
"Twiggy"
] | The former bassist and guitarist of the band Marilyn Manson, known as Jeordie White, is an American musician who is sometimes referred to by his real name. He was the bassist for A Perfect Circle and a touring member of Nine Inch Nails. He left Marilyn Manson in 2002 and rejoined the band in 2008. He is a principal writer for the band and has contributed to some of the recordings. The Hour of Goon is hosted on the Feral Audio network. He moved to Florida as a child from Pompton Lakes, New Jersey. James is his older brother.He was united with his father in 2008 despite not knowing him for most of his life. He first picked up a guitar at the age of thirteen. Although a New Jersey native, he spent most of his youth in the Fort Lauderdale area, where he quickly embraced South Florida's growing music scene and joined his first band at the age of 15. White was in a speed metal band called The Ethiopians that covered songs such as "Trapped Under Ice". White played rhythm guitar and provided backing vocals for Amboog-a-Lard. Brian Warner and Marilyn Manson White met many times in the late 1980s. After an unexpected meeting at a used records store in the Coral Springs Mall where White was working, the two realized they had much in common, but had yet to work on a musical endeavor.White was playing in another project when he tried to join Manson's band. He went by the name Gordy White. White and Jessicka were part of Manson's side project Mrs. Scabtree. Gidget Gein was kicked out of the band by the manager in December 1993. The Manson band member name was given to White by taking the first name from an English model and the last name from an American serial killer. Manson bought White his first instrument after he joined his band. White appeared in Monster Magnet's music video for "Space Lord" in 1998.White appeared on an MTV Cribs episode in 2001. As a result of lineup changes, White was largely responsible for most of the writing on the albums Antichrist Superstar, Mechanical Animals and Holy Wood; for the latter album, he shared credits with John 5. In 2007, White said that he was proud of his work in the band. On January 9, 2008, Marilyn Manson posted a bulletin on the website stating that Tim Skold was leaving the band and that White would be taking his place. He toured with Manson as the band's new guitarist. He stayed with Goon Moon after the tour of The High End of Low ended. White mentioned in an interview that he would continue to work with Manson for their next album, Born Villain, which was released on May 1, 2012He continued to tour with the band even though he didn't participate in the writing or recording of The Pale Emperor. Manson and White will work on the follow-up to The Pale Emperor. White did not contribute to the band's latest album, Heaven Upside Down. There will be a replacement for the upcoming tour after Marilyn Manson posted on Facebook that the band had parted ways with White. White tried out for the role of second guitar in Queens of the Stone Age, but lost to Troy Van Leeuwen of A Perfect Circle. He tried out for a spot as a bass player in the band, but lost out to a former member of Suicidal Tendencies. White was replaced by Billy Howerdel in A Perfect Circle as a full member of the band on bass guitar.White and Homme collaborated on the ninth and tenth volumes of Homme's music project. He contributed to the first and second solo albums of the same name. In 2005 and 2006 he toured with Nine Inch Nails in support of their album With Teeth. White has composed for a range of artists from fictional band Steel Dragon to Bif Naked to his namesake, model <mask> Lawson with whom he recorded and produced a duet of Dusty Springfield's "I Only Want To Be With You" for the soundtrack of the MTV film Dead Man on Campus I Got a Brand New Egg Layin' Machine was released in 2005 by White and Goon Moon. "Licker's Last Leg" was the band's first full-length album. On the UNKLE album War Stories, White played bass and synthesizer on the track "Burn My Shadow".White was invited to return to play with A Perfect Circle for their Fall and Winter 2010 Tour in North America, but ultimately did not participate in the reunion and was replaced by Matt McJunkins. White says Oasis, The Who, The Kinks and the Bee Gees are his favorite bands. The Don't Believe the Truth tattoo is a tribute to Oasis on White's left arm. White got to play bass on a new version of Oasis' "Cast No Shadow" that was submitted to the soundtrack for the 2005 movie Goal!, as well as contributing to the "I'm Outta Time" and "Falling Down" versions. If there was only one piece of information the public should know about him, it would be that he smells like baby powder. White has been married to a makeup artist. Dee Snider stated during another wedding that the couple are no longer married.White's ex-girlfriend Jessicka Addams, lead singer of the band Jack Off Jill, published a Facebook post accusing White of rape, as well as physical and emotional abuse throughout their five year relationship, from 1992 to 1997. White said that he had only recently been made aware of the allegations from 20 years ago. I don't agree with non-consensual sex. I will be taking some time to spend with my family and focus on my recovery. I apologize if I have hurt anyone. While in Marilyn Manson, White used the following bass guitars, among many things, showing a strong preference for Gibson instruments, and bass guitars used by his classic rock mentors. During the Guns, God, and Government tour, he toured with 5 Thunderbird bass guitars, most often with the pickguard removed, or a matching black pickguard on a black Thunderbird.The bass guitars had different tunings. It was used for different songs. In the "Disposable Teens" video, you can see the live performance of the 1992 Gibson Thunderbird IV Reverse, which was used extensively in live performances from 1998 to 2002 and again for live use since his reunion with Manson in 2008. As seen in "The Dope Show" video and in the "Dope Hat" and "Coma White" videos, there are vintage guitars. A friend of White and Manson sold the bass guitar to a fan on eBay. The BC Rich Warlock Bass is in the "Rock is Dead" video. During the first live performance of "The Dope Show" on the 1998 MTV Video Music Awards, the USA BC Rich Warlock bass was used.White donated the bass guitar to the Hard Rock Cafe in Canada, where it is currently on display. There is a bass by the name of Les Paul. In the studio and live. Lunchbox, Get Your Gunn, and other early videos were used live. During his time with Manson, he took up the following models as his preferred instruments. There are two guitars with Marilyn Manson: the Flying V and the Explorer. The film Beside You in Time was released in 2009, Night of Pan was released in 2012 and Good Life was released in 2015."Cast No Shadow" is a Beachhead mix and the Rock Star soundtrack is "Blood Pollution" for the band Steel Dragon. | [
"Twiggy"
] |
23382353 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos%20Saleiro | Carlos Saleiro | Carlos Miguel Mondim Saleiro (born 25 February 1986) is a Portuguese former professional footballer who played as a forward.
The first baby in Portugal to be born through in vitro fertilisation treatment (IVF), he began his career at Sporting CP. He played for Sporting B in the 2003–04 season, and won caps at every level of Portuguese international football from under-17 to under-23. He helped his country to win the UEFA European Under-17 Championship in 2003 and the International Challenge Trophy in 2009–11. He was loaned out to Olivais e Moscavide from 2005 to 2007, and helped the club to win promotion out of the Segunda Divisão in 2005–06. He spent the 2007–08 season on loan at Fátima, and was loaned out to Primeira Liga clubs Vitória Setúbal and Académica in the 2008–09 campaign.
He made his first team debut for Sporting CP in August 2009, and went on to make 67 first team appearances in two seasons before he moved to Swiss Super League side Servette in July 2011. He signed with Académica in June 2012, and then after a year out of the game joined Oriental in July 2014. He signed with English club Port Vale in July 2016, but left after just six weeks.
Club career
Sporting CP
Carlos Miguel Mondim Saleiro was born in Lisbon on 25 February 1986, and was the first baby in Portugal to be born through in vitro fertilisation treatment (IVF). He spent his youth at Sporting CP's youth academy, and spent the 2003–04 season with Sporting B, scoring three goals in 35 Segunda Divisão – Zona Sul (third tier) matches as they were relegated into the Terceira Divisão (fourth tier).
He spent the latter half of the 2005–06 campaign on loan at Olivais e Moscavide in Segunda Divisão Série D, and though injuries limited him to just two league appearances, he managed to feature in the play-offs as the club secured promotion into the Liga de Honra (second tier). He returned to the club for the 2006–07 campaign, and scored four goals in 26 games as they were relegated in 15th place. He returned to the Liga de Honra for the 2007–08 campaign on loan at newly promoted Fátima, who were coached by Rui Vitória. He scored 11 goals in 32 league and cup appearances despite Fátima sufferering relegation in last place. Despite their league form, Fátima did manage to pull off one of the biggest shock victories of their history by eliminating Porto out of the Taça da Liga on penalties. He was later voted as the second best player of the tournament, behind Cláudio Pitbull, having scored against Santa Clara, converted in the shoot-out against Porto, and scored in the club's fourth round defeat to his parent club Sporting CP. He signed a new four-year contract with Sporting CP in April 2008. He stated that he aimed to win a first team place and was "tired of loans".
He was given Primeira Liga (first tier) experience for the 2008–09 season after securing a loan move to Vitória de Setúbal. However, he featured just five times in the league under coach Daúto Faquirá, leading Saleiro to complain to the press about his lack of first team opportunities. He spent the second half of the campaign on loan at Académica, and finished the season as the club's joint-second highest scorer (tied with Modou Sougou) with four goals in 13 games to help the club secure a seventh-place finish in the Primeira Liga.
Saleiro made his first team debut for the "Lions" under Paulo Bento on 26 August 2009, playing 30 minutes in a 1–1 draw with Fiorentina at the Stadio Artemio Franchi for the last qualifying round of the UEFA Champions League. Four days later he made his league debut for the club, in a 1–0 win at former side Académica. He made a total of 28 appearances in the 2009–10 season, scoring five goals, mostly under the stewardship of new head coach Carlos Carvalhal. He made 39 appearances in the 2010–11 season, scoring two goals, as Sporting CP finished in third place, some distance behind 'Big Three' rivals Porto and Benfica. However, much to his frustration, he was frequently used a late substitute by coach Paulo Sérgio and so had limited game time at the Estádio José Alvalade. He chose to leave Sporting CP a year before the end of his contract to search for first team football elsewhere, despite reports that new head coach Domingos Paciência's rated him highly.
Servette to Oriental
Saleiro signed a two-year contract with Servette in July 2011, who were managed by Portuguese head coach João Alves and director of football Costinha. He hoped the move would allow him a chance to win himself a place in the Portugal squad for UEFA Euro 2012. However, he struggled with injuries and played only seven Swiss Super League matches in the 2011–12 season. He signed with Pedro Emanuel's Académica in June 2012. He missed pre-season with an Achilles tendon injury however, and after returning to fitness in November featured in just seven Primeira Liga and five cup games. He was without a club for the 2013–14 season. He signed with Segunda Liga club Clube Oriental de Lisboa in July 2014. He finished the 2014–15 season with five goals in 20 appearances and signed a one-year contract extension in June 2015. The 2015–16 season proved to be disastrous however, as Oriental were relegated and serious but unproven allegations were made of match fixing against some of the players – though Saleiro himself was not implicated.
Port Vale
Saleiro signed a two-year contract with English League One club Port Vale, managed by Portuguese coach Bruno Ribeiro, in July 2016. He made his debut for the "Valiants" on 9 August, coming on as a 73rd-minute substitute for Chris Mbamba in a 2–1 defeat to Carlisle United in the EFL Cup. However his contract was terminated by mutual consent on 16 August 2016, with a club statement revealing that he "found it difficult to adjust to life in the country".
International career
Saleiro represented Portugal at the 2003 UEFA European Under-17 Championship. He scored against England in the semi-finals, a 2–2 draw at the Estádio do Fontelo; he went on convert his penalty in the shoot-out to help Portugal progress into the final. He also played in the final, where two goals from Márcio Sousa gave Portugal a 2–1 win over Spain to win his country a fifth UEFA European Under-17 Championship title. He also travelled to Finland for the 2003 FIFA U-17 World Championship, where Spain exacted their revenge by eliminating Portugal at the quarter-final stage. In total he scored seven goals in 18 under-17 games, and then won two caps at under-18 level in 2004. The following year he scored one goal in eight appearances for the under-19 team. He travelled with the Portugal under-20 squad for the 2007 Toulon Tournament, and featured in three games.
He was called up to the Portugal under-21 team and appeared in qualification games for the 2009 UEFA European Under-21 Championship, scoring in a 2–0 win over Bulgaria at the Estádio D. Afonso Henriques on 26 March 2008. He was called up to the Portugal under-23 squad for the 2009–11 International Challenge Trophy, and played in the final where Portugal defeated England 1–0 at Sixfields Stadium.
Club statistics
Honours
Olivais e Moscavide
Segunda Divisão: 2005–06
Portugal U17
UEFA European Under-17 Championship: 2003
Portugal U23
International Challenge Trophy: 2009–11
References
1986 births
Living people
In vitro fertilisation
Footballers from Lisbon
Portuguese footballers
Portugal youth international footballers
Portugal under-21 international footballers
Association football forwards
Sporting CP B players
Sporting CP footballers
C.D. Olivais e Moscavide players
C.D. Fátima players
Vitória F.C. players
Associação Académica de Coimbra – O.A.F. players
Clube Oriental de Lisboa players
Portuguese expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Switzerland
Portuguese expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland
Servette FC players
Expatriate footballers in England
Portuguese expatriate sportspeople in England
Port Vale F.C. players
Segunda Divisão players
Liga Portugal 2 players
Primeira Liga players
Swiss Super League players | [
"Carlos Miguel Mondim Saleiro (born 25 February 1986) is a Portuguese former professional footballer who played as a forward.",
"The first baby in Portugal to be born through in vitro fertilisation treatment (IVF), he began his career at Sporting CP.",
"He played for Sporting B in the 2003–04 season, and won caps at every level of Portuguese international football from under-17 to under-23.",
"He helped his country to win the UEFA European Under-17 Championship in 2003 and the International Challenge Trophy in 2009–11.",
"He was loaned out to Olivais e Moscavide from 2005 to 2007, and helped the club to win promotion out of the Segunda Divisão in 2005–06.",
"He spent the 2007–08 season on loan at Fátima, and was loaned out to Primeira Liga clubs Vitória Setúbal and Académica in the 2008–09 campaign.",
"He made his first team debut for Sporting CP in August 2009, and went on to make 67 first team appearances in two seasons before he moved to Swiss Super League side Servette in July 2011.",
"He signed with Académica in June 2012, and then after a year out of the game joined Oriental in July 2014.",
"He signed with English club Port Vale in July 2016, but left after just six weeks.",
"Club career\n\nSporting CP\nCarlos Miguel Mondim Saleiro was born in Lisbon on 25 February 1986, and was the first baby in Portugal to be born through in vitro fertilisation treatment (IVF).",
"He spent his youth at Sporting CP's youth academy, and spent the 2003–04 season with Sporting B, scoring three goals in 35 Segunda Divisão – Zona Sul (third tier) matches as they were relegated into the Terceira Divisão (fourth tier).",
"He spent the latter half of the 2005–06 campaign on loan at Olivais e Moscavide in Segunda Divisão Série D, and though injuries limited him to just two league appearances, he managed to feature in the play-offs as the club secured promotion into the Liga de Honra (second tier).",
"He returned to the club for the 2006–07 campaign, and scored four goals in 26 games as they were relegated in 15th place.",
"He returned to the Liga de Honra for the 2007–08 campaign on loan at newly promoted Fátima, who were coached by Rui Vitória.",
"He scored 11 goals in 32 league and cup appearances despite Fátima sufferering relegation in last place.",
"Despite their league form, Fátima did manage to pull off one of the biggest shock victories of their history by eliminating Porto out of the Taça da Liga on penalties.",
"He was later voted as the second best player of the tournament, behind Cláudio Pitbull, having scored against Santa Clara, converted in the shoot-out against Porto, and scored in the club's fourth round defeat to his parent club Sporting CP.",
"He signed a new four-year contract with Sporting CP in April 2008.",
"He stated that he aimed to win a first team place and was \"tired of loans\".",
"He was given Primeira Liga (first tier) experience for the 2008–09 season after securing a loan move to Vitória de Setúbal.",
"However, he featured just five times in the league under coach Daúto Faquirá, leading Saleiro to complain to the press about his lack of first team opportunities.",
"He spent the second half of the campaign on loan at Académica, and finished the season as the club's joint-second highest scorer (tied with Modou Sougou) with four goals in 13 games to help the club secure a seventh-place finish in the Primeira Liga.",
"Saleiro made his first team debut for the \"Lions\" under Paulo Bento on 26 August 2009, playing 30 minutes in a 1–1 draw with Fiorentina at the Stadio Artemio Franchi for the last qualifying round of the UEFA Champions League.",
"Four days later he made his league debut for the club, in a 1–0 win at former side Académica.",
"He made a total of 28 appearances in the 2009–10 season, scoring five goals, mostly under the stewardship of new head coach Carlos Carvalhal.",
"He made 39 appearances in the 2010–11 season, scoring two goals, as Sporting CP finished in third place, some distance behind 'Big Three' rivals Porto and Benfica.",
"However, much to his frustration, he was frequently used a late substitute by coach Paulo Sérgio and so had limited game time at the Estádio José Alvalade.",
"He chose to leave Sporting CP a year before the end of his contract to search for first team football elsewhere, despite reports that new head coach Domingos Paciência's rated him highly.",
"Servette to Oriental\nSaleiro signed a two-year contract with Servette in July 2011, who were managed by Portuguese head coach João Alves and director of football Costinha.",
"He hoped the move would allow him a chance to win himself a place in the Portugal squad for UEFA Euro 2012.",
"However, he struggled with injuries and played only seven Swiss Super League matches in the 2011–12 season.",
"He signed with Pedro Emanuel's Académica in June 2012.",
"He missed pre-season with an Achilles tendon injury however, and after returning to fitness in November featured in just seven Primeira Liga and five cup games.",
"He was without a club for the 2013–14 season.",
"He signed with Segunda Liga club Clube Oriental de Lisboa in July 2014.",
"He finished the 2014–15 season with five goals in 20 appearances and signed a one-year contract extension in June 2015.",
"The 2015–16 season proved to be disastrous however, as Oriental were relegated and serious but unproven allegations were made of match fixing against some of the players – though Saleiro himself was not implicated.",
"Port Vale\nSaleiro signed a two-year contract with English League One club Port Vale, managed by Portuguese coach Bruno Ribeiro, in July 2016.",
"He made his debut for the \"Valiants\" on 9 August, coming on as a 73rd-minute substitute for Chris Mbamba in a 2–1 defeat to Carlisle United in the EFL Cup.",
"However his contract was terminated by mutual consent on 16 August 2016, with a club statement revealing that he \"found it difficult to adjust to life in the country\".",
"International career\nSaleiro represented Portugal at the 2003 UEFA European Under-17 Championship.",
"He scored against England in the semi-finals, a 2–2 draw at the Estádio do Fontelo; he went on convert his penalty in the shoot-out to help Portugal progress into the final.",
"He also played in the final, where two goals from Márcio Sousa gave Portugal a 2–1 win over Spain to win his country a fifth UEFA European Under-17 Championship title.",
"He also travelled to Finland for the 2003 FIFA U-17 World Championship, where Spain exacted their revenge by eliminating Portugal at the quarter-final stage.",
"In total he scored seven goals in 18 under-17 games, and then won two caps at under-18 level in 2004.",
"The following year he scored one goal in eight appearances for the under-19 team.",
"He travelled with the Portugal under-20 squad for the 2007 Toulon Tournament, and featured in three games.",
"He was called up to the Portugal under-21 team and appeared in qualification games for the 2009 UEFA European Under-21 Championship, scoring in a 2–0 win over Bulgaria at the Estádio D. Afonso Henriques on 26 March 2008.",
"He was called up to the Portugal under-23 squad for the 2009–11 International Challenge Trophy, and played in the final where Portugal defeated England 1–0 at Sixfields Stadium.",
"Club statistics\n\nHonours\nOlivais e Moscavide\nSegunda Divisão: 2005–06\n\nPortugal U17\nUEFA European Under-17 Championship: 2003\n\nPortugal U23\nInternational Challenge Trophy: 2009–11\n\nReferences\n\n1986 births\nLiving people\nIn vitro fertilisation\nFootballers from Lisbon\nPortuguese footballers\nPortugal youth international footballers\nPortugal under-21 international footballers\nAssociation football forwards\nSporting CP B players\nSporting CP footballers\nC.D.",
"Olivais e Moscavide players\nC.D.",
"Fátima players\nVitória F.C.",
"players\nAssociação Académica de Coimbra – O.A.F.",
"players\nClube Oriental de Lisboa players\nPortuguese expatriate footballers\nExpatriate footballers in Switzerland\nPortuguese expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland\nServette FC players\nExpatriate footballers in England\nPortuguese expatriate sportspeople in England\nPort Vale F.C.",
"players\nSegunda Divisão players\nLiga Portugal 2 players\nPrimeira Liga players\nSwiss Super League players"
] | [
"Carlos Mondim Saleiro is a Portuguese former professional footballer who played as a forward.",
"He was the first baby in Portugal to be born through in vitro fertilisation treatment.",
"He won caps at every level of Portuguese international football, from under 17 to under-23.",
"He was part of the team that won the International Challenge Trophy in 2009.",
"He was a part of the team that helped the club to win promotion in 2005–06.",
"He spent the 2008–09 season on loan at two Primeira Liga clubs.",
"He made 67 first team appearances in two seasons before moving to Swiss Super League side Servette in 2011.",
"After a year out of the game, he joined Oriental.",
"He left Port Vale after just six weeks.",
"The first baby in Portugal to be born through in vitro fertilisation treatment was born in Lisbon on February 25, 1986.",
"In the 2003– 2004 season, he scored three goals in 35 games for the third tier team as they were demoted to the fourth tier.",
"Injuries limited him to just two league appearances, but he did feature in the play-offs as the club secured promotion.",
"He scored four goals in 26 games as the club was demoted to 15th place.",
"He returned to the Liga de Honra for the 2008 campaign on a loan from Ftima.",
"He scored 11 goals despite Ftima being in the last place.",
"Ftima pulled off one of the biggest shocks in their history by eliminating Porto out of the Taa da Liga on penalties.",
"He scored against Santa Clara, converted in the shoot-out against Porto, and scored in the club's fourth round defeat to his parent club.",
"In April 2008, he signed a new four-year contract.",
"He wanted to win a first team place and was tired of loans.",
"He was given Primeira Liga experience for the 2008–09 season after securing a loan move to Vitria de Setbal.",
"Saleiro complained to the press about his lack of first team opportunities because he featured just five times in the league.",
"He scored four goals in 13 games in the second half of the season to help the club secure a seventh-place finish in the Primeira Liga.",
"Saleiro made his first team debut for the \"Lions\" on August 26, 2009, playing 30 minutes in a 1–1 draw with Fiorentina at the Stadio Artemio Franchi.",
"He made his league debut for the club four days later.",
"He scored five goals in the 2009–10 season under the guidance of new head coach Carlos Carvalhal.",
"In the 2010–11 season, he made 39 appearances and scored two goals as the team finished in third place.",
"He had limited game time at the Estdio José Alvalade because he was frequently used a late substitute by coach Sérgio.",
"Despite reports that the new head coach of the team rated him highly, he chose to leave the team a year before his contract ended.",
"In July of 2011, Servette signed a two-year contract with Oriental Saleiro, who were managed by Portuguese head coach Joo Alves and director of football Costinha.",
"He hoped the move would allow him to win a place in the Portugal squad.",
"He played only seven games in the Swiss Super League due to injuries.",
"He joined Pedro Emanuel's Académica in June of 2012",
"He missed pre-season with an injury and only played in seven Primeira Liga and five cup games after returning to fitness.",
"He didn't have a club for the season.",
"He joined the club Clube Oriental de Lisboa.",
"He had five goals in 20 appearances and signed a one-year contract extension in June 2015.",
"There were allegations of match fixing against some of the players at Oriental, though Saleiro was not implicated.",
"Bruno Ribeiro is the Portuguese coach of English League One club Port Vale.",
"He made his debut for the \"Valiants\" on 9 August, coming on as a 73rd-minute substitute for Chris Mbamba in a 2–1 defeat to Carlisle United in the EFL Cup.",
"His contract was terminated by mutual consent in August of 2016 after he found it difficult to adjust to life in the country.",
"Saleiro was a member of the Portugal team at the 2003 European Under 17 Championship.",
"He converted his penalty in the shoot-out to help Portugal progress into the final after a 2–2 draw with England.",
"Mrcio Sousa scored two goals in Portugal's 2–1 win over Spain in the final of the European Under 17 Championship.",
"Spain avenged their loss to Portugal in the 2003 World Championship by eliminating them in the quarter-finals.",
"He won two caps at under-18 level in 2004, after scoring seven goals in 18 under 17 games.",
"He scored one goal in eight appearances for the under-19 team.",
"He played in three games for the Portugal under-20 squad in 2007.",
"He scored in Portugal's 2–0 win over Bulgaria at the Estdio D. Afonso Henriques in the qualification games for the European Under-21 Championship.",
"He played in the final of the International Challenge Trophy where Portugal defeated England 1–0 at Sixfields Stadium.",
"The club statistics include: 2005–06 Portugal U17 European Championship, 2003 Portugal U23 International Challenge Trophy, and 1986 births.",
"The players C.D. are Olivais e Moscavide.",
"The players are Ftima.",
"The players are from the Associao Académica de Coimbra.",
"Portuguese expatriates play football in England and Switzerland, while Portuguese expatriates play soccer in Switzerland and England.",
"The players are from Portugal, Primeira, and Swiss Super League."
] | <mask> (born 25 February 1986) is a Portuguese former professional footballer who played as a forward. The first baby in Portugal to be born through in vitro fertilisation treatment (IVF), he began his career at Sporting CP. He played for Sporting B in the 2003–04 season, and won caps at every level of Portuguese international football from under-17 to under-23. He helped his country to win the UEFA European Under-17 Championship in 2003 and the International Challenge Trophy in 2009–11. He was loaned out to Olivais e Moscavide from 2005 to 2007, and helped the club to win promotion out of the Segunda Divisão in 2005–06. He spent the 2007–08 season on loan at Fátima, and was loaned out to Primeira Liga clubs Vitória Setúbal and Académica in the 2008–09 campaign. He made his first team debut for Sporting CP in August 2009, and went on to make 67 first team appearances in two seasons before he moved to Swiss Super League side Servette in July 2011.He signed with Académica in June 2012, and then after a year out of the game joined Oriental in July 2014. He signed with English club Port Vale in July 2016, but left after just six weeks. Club career
Sporting CP
Carlos Miguel Mondim <mask> was born in Lisbon on 25 February 1986, and was the first baby in Portugal to be born through in vitro fertilisation treatment (IVF). He spent his youth at Sporting CP's youth academy, and spent the 2003–04 season with Sporting B, scoring three goals in 35 Segunda Divisão – Zona Sul (third tier) matches as they were relegated into the Terceira Divisão (fourth tier). He spent the latter half of the 2005–06 campaign on loan at Olivais e Moscavide in Segunda Divisão Série D, and though injuries limited him to just two league appearances, he managed to feature in the play-offs as the club secured promotion into the Liga de Honra (second tier). He returned to the club for the 2006–07 campaign, and scored four goals in 26 games as they were relegated in 15th place. He returned to the Liga de Honra for the 2007–08 campaign on loan at newly promoted Fátima, who were coached by Rui Vitória.He scored 11 goals in 32 league and cup appearances despite Fátima sufferering relegation in last place. Despite their league form, Fátima did manage to pull off one of the biggest shock victories of their history by eliminating Porto out of the Taça da Liga on penalties. He was later voted as the second best player of the tournament, behind Cláudio Pitbull, having scored against Santa Clara, converted in the shoot-out against Porto, and scored in the club's fourth round defeat to his parent club Sporting CP. He signed a new four-year contract with Sporting CP in April 2008. He stated that he aimed to win a first team place and was "tired of loans". He was given Primeira Liga (first tier) experience for the 2008–09 season after securing a loan move to Vitória de Setúbal. However, he featured just five times in the league under coach Daúto Faquirá, leading Saleiro to complain to the press about his lack of first team opportunities.He spent the second half of the campaign on loan at Académica, and finished the season as the club's joint-second highest scorer (tied with Modou Sougou) with four goals in 13 games to help the club secure a seventh-place finish in the Primeira Liga. <mask> made his first team debut for the "Lions" under Paulo Bento on 26 August 2009, playing 30 minutes in a 1–1 draw with Fiorentina at the Stadio Artemio Franchi for the last qualifying round of the UEFA Champions League. Four days later he made his league debut for the club, in a 1–0 win at former side Académica. He made a total of 28 appearances in the 2009–10 season, scoring five goals, mostly under the stewardship of new head coach <mask>. He made 39 appearances in the 2010–11 season, scoring two goals, as Sporting CP finished in third place, some distance behind 'Big Three' rivals Porto and Benfica. However, much to his frustration, he was frequently used a late substitute by coach Paulo Sérgio and so had limited game time at the Estádio José Alvalade. He chose to leave Sporting CP a year before the end of his contract to search for first team football elsewhere, despite reports that new head coach Domingos Paciência's rated him highly.Servette to Oriental
Saleiro signed a two-year contract with Servette in July 2011, who were managed by Portuguese head coach João Alves and director of football Costinha. He hoped the move would allow him a chance to win himself a place in the Portugal squad for UEFA Euro 2012. However, he struggled with injuries and played only seven Swiss Super League matches in the 2011–12 season. He signed with Pedro Emanuel's Académica in June 2012. He missed pre-season with an Achilles tendon injury however, and after returning to fitness in November featured in just seven Primeira Liga and five cup games. He was without a club for the 2013–14 season. He signed with Segunda Liga club Clube Oriental de Lisboa in July 2014.He finished the 2014–15 season with five goals in 20 appearances and signed a one-year contract extension in June 2015. The 2015–16 season proved to be disastrous however, as Oriental were relegated and serious but unproven allegations were made of match fixing against some of the players – though <mask> himself was not implicated. Port Vale
Saleiro signed a two-year contract with English League One club Port Vale, managed by Portuguese coach Bruno Ribeiro, in July 2016. He made his debut for the "Valiants" on 9 August, coming on as a 73rd-minute substitute for Chris Mbamba in a 2–1 defeat to Carlisle United in the EFL Cup. However his contract was terminated by mutual consent on 16 August 2016, with a club statement revealing that he "found it difficult to adjust to life in the country". International career
<mask> represented Portugal at the 2003 UEFA European Under-17 Championship. He scored against England in the semi-finals, a 2–2 draw at the Estádio do Fontelo; he went on convert his penalty in the shoot-out to help Portugal progress into the final.He also played in the final, where two goals from Márcio Sousa gave Portugal a 2–1 win over Spain to win his country a fifth UEFA European Under-17 Championship title. He also travelled to Finland for the 2003 FIFA U-17 World Championship, where Spain exacted their revenge by eliminating Portugal at the quarter-final stage. In total he scored seven goals in 18 under-17 games, and then won two caps at under-18 level in 2004. The following year he scored one goal in eight appearances for the under-19 team. He travelled with the Portugal under-20 squad for the 2007 Toulon Tournament, and featured in three games. He was called up to the Portugal under-21 team and appeared in qualification games for the 2009 UEFA European Under-21 Championship, scoring in a 2–0 win over Bulgaria at the Estádio D. Afonso Henriques on 26 March 2008. He was called up to the Portugal under-23 squad for the 2009–11 International Challenge Trophy, and played in the final where Portugal defeated England 1–0 at Sixfields Stadium.Club statistics
Honours
Olivais e Moscavide
Segunda Divisão: 2005–06
Portugal U17
UEFA European Under-17 Championship: 2003
Portugal U23
International Challenge Trophy: 2009–11
References
1986 births
Living people
In vitro fertilisation
Footballers from Lisbon
Portuguese footballers
Portugal youth international footballers
Portugal under-21 international footballers
Association football forwards
Sporting CP B players
Sporting CP footballers
C.D. Olivais e Moscavide players
C.D. Fátima players
Vitória F.C. players
Associação Académica de Coimbra – O.A.F. players
Clube Oriental de Lisboa players
Portuguese expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Switzerland
Portuguese expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland
Servette FC players
Expatriate footballers in England
Portuguese expatriate sportspeople in England
Port Vale F.C. players
Segunda Divisão players
Liga Portugal 2 players
Primeira Liga players
Swiss Super League players | [
"Carlos Miguel Mondim Saleiro",
"Saleiro",
"Saleiro",
"Carlos Carvalhal",
"Saleiro",
"Saleiro"
] | <mask> is a Portuguese former professional footballer who played as a forward. He was the first baby in Portugal to be born through in vitro fertilisation treatment. He won caps at every level of Portuguese international football, from under 17 to under-23. He was part of the team that won the International Challenge Trophy in 2009. He was a part of the team that helped the club to win promotion in 2005–06. He spent the 2008–09 season on loan at two Primeira Liga clubs. He made 67 first team appearances in two seasons before moving to Swiss Super League side Servette in 2011.After a year out of the game, he joined Oriental. He left Port Vale after just six weeks. The first baby in Portugal to be born through in vitro fertilisation treatment was born in Lisbon on February 25, 1986. In the 2003– 2004 season, he scored three goals in 35 games for the third tier team as they were demoted to the fourth tier. Injuries limited him to just two league appearances, but he did feature in the play-offs as the club secured promotion. He scored four goals in 26 games as the club was demoted to 15th place. He returned to the Liga de Honra for the 2008 campaign on a loan from Ftima.He scored 11 goals despite Ftima being in the last place. Ftima pulled off one of the biggest shocks in their history by eliminating Porto out of the Taa da Liga on penalties. He scored against Santa Clara, converted in the shoot-out against Porto, and scored in the club's fourth round defeat to his parent club. In April 2008, he signed a new four-year contract. He wanted to win a first team place and was tired of loans. He was given Primeira Liga experience for the 2008–09 season after securing a loan move to Vitria de Setbal. <mask> complained to the press about his lack of first team opportunities because he featured just five times in the league.He scored four goals in 13 games in the second half of the season to help the club secure a seventh-place finish in the Primeira Liga. <mask> made his first team debut for the "Lions" on August 26, 2009, playing 30 minutes in a 1–1 draw with Fiorentina at the Stadio Artemio Franchi. He made his league debut for the club four days later. He scored five goals in the 2009–10 season under the guidance of new head coach <mask>. In the 2010–11 season, he made 39 appearances and scored two goals as the team finished in third place. He had limited game time at the Estdio José Alvalade because he was frequently used a late substitute by coach Sérgio. Despite reports that the new head coach of the team rated him highly, he chose to leave the team a year before his contract ended.In July of 2011, Servette signed a two-year contract with Oriental Saleiro, who were managed by Portuguese head coach Joo Alves and director of football Costinha. He hoped the move would allow him to win a place in the Portugal squad. He played only seven games in the Swiss Super League due to injuries. He joined Pedro Emanuel's Académica in June of 2012 He missed pre-season with an injury and only played in seven Primeira Liga and five cup games after returning to fitness. He didn't have a club for the season. He joined the club Clube Oriental de Lisboa.He had five goals in 20 appearances and signed a one-year contract extension in June 2015. There were allegations of match fixing against some of the players at Oriental, though <mask> was not implicated. Bruno Ribeiro is the Portuguese coach of English League One club Port Vale. He made his debut for the "Valiants" on 9 August, coming on as a 73rd-minute substitute for Chris Mbamba in a 2–1 defeat to Carlisle United in the EFL Cup. His contract was terminated by mutual consent in August of 2016 after he found it difficult to adjust to life in the country. <mask> was a member of the Portugal team at the 2003 European Under 17 Championship. He converted his penalty in the shoot-out to help Portugal progress into the final after a 2–2 draw with England.Mrcio Sousa scored two goals in Portugal's 2–1 win over Spain in the final of the European Under 17 Championship. Spain avenged their loss to Portugal in the 2003 World Championship by eliminating them in the quarter-finals. He won two caps at under-18 level in 2004, after scoring seven goals in 18 under 17 games. He scored one goal in eight appearances for the under-19 team. He played in three games for the Portugal under-20 squad in 2007. He scored in Portugal's 2–0 win over Bulgaria at the Estdio D. Afonso Henriques in the qualification games for the European Under-21 Championship. He played in the final of the International Challenge Trophy where Portugal defeated England 1–0 at Sixfields Stadium.The club statistics include: 2005–06 Portugal U17 European Championship, 2003 Portugal U23 International Challenge Trophy, and 1986 births. The players C.D. are Olivais e Moscavide. The players are Ftima. The players are from the Associao Académica de Coimbra. Portuguese expatriates play football in England and Switzerland, while Portuguese expatriates play soccer in Switzerland and England. The players are from Portugal, Primeira, and Swiss Super League. | [
"Carlos Mondim Saleiro",
"Saleiro",
"Saleiro",
"Carlos Carvalhal",
"Saleiro",
"Saleiro"
] |
924409 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Cassatt | Alexander Cassatt | Alexander Johnston Cassatt (December 8, 1839 – December 28, 1906) was the seventh president of the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR), serving from June 9, 1899, to December 28, 1906. The painter Mary Cassatt was his sister.
Family and early life
Alexander Cassatt was born on December 8, 1839, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the eldest of seven children born to Robert Simpson Cassat (later Cassatt), and his wife Katherine Cassatt, the former Katherine Kelso Johnston.
The elder Cassatt was a successful stockbroker and land speculator. He was descended from the French Huguenot Jacques Cossart, who came to New Amsterdam in 1662. Alexander's younger sister was the impressionist painter Mary Cassatt.
His mother Katherine came from a banking family. She was educated and very well read. It was said that of the seven children Alexander most resembled his mother in "appearance and temperament."
In 1856 he entered Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute to study Civil Engineering where his senior thesis was entitled "Review of Pressure Turbine." After graduating in the summer of 1859, Robert Cassatt took Alexander to see a former neighbor from Lancaster Pennsylvania, James Buchanan, 15th President of the United States.
By the fall of 1860, Alexander had secured a position as a surveyor or rodman by the Georgia Railroad. By the time the State of Georgia voted to secede from the Union in January 1861, Cassatt had abandoned his work as surveyor on the Dalton-Knoxville line of the Georgia Railroad and returned to Pennsylvania without seeing any military service during the Civil War.
Career
Pennsylvania Railroad
Frequently referred to as A. J. Cassatt, the great accomplishment under his stewardship was the planning and construction of tunnels under the Hudson River to finally bring PRR's trunk line into New York City. His purchase of a controlling interest in the Long Island Rail Road and the construction of tunnels under the East River created a PRR commuter network on Long Island. Unfortunately, Cassatt died before his grand Pennsylvania Station in New York City was completed.
Cassatt joined the PRR in 1861 as an engineer and rapidly rose through the ranks. He was a vice president in 1877 when the Pittsburgh Railway Riots broke out in 1877, and had become Pennsy First Vice-President by 1880. He was disappointed to be passed over for the presidency and resigned from the company in 1882.
During his absence he devoted his time to horse raising but still was able to organize a new railroad the New York, Philadelphia and Norfolk Railroad (NYP&N), that connected southern markets with the north. Despite no longer being an executive with PRR, he was elected to the PRR's board of directors and was recalled in 1899 to serve as president.
Cassatt more than doubled the PRR's total assets during his term, from $276 million to $594 million, while Track and equipment investment increased by almost 150 percent. The route from New York through Philadelphia, Harrisburg and Altoona to Pittsburgh was made double-tracked throughout; to Washington, D.C., four-tracked—Pennsy's "Broad Way." Many other lines were double-tracked; almost every part of the system was improved. New freight cutoffs avoided stations; grade crossings were eliminated, flyovers were built to streamline common paths through junctions, terminals were redesigned, and much more. Cassatt initiated the Pennsy's program of electrification which led to the road being the United States' most electrified system.
Cassatt was succeeded as Pennsylvania Railroad president by James McCrea.
Civil engineer
In the Spring of 1861, Cassatt had been hired as part of the Engineer Corps of the Pennsylvania Railroad, again as a rodman where he worked on the Connecting Railway.
It is unknown how Cassatt managed to avoid the Pennsylvania militia draft during the Union mobilization in this period but in 1864, Cassatt was transferred to Renovo, Pennsylvania, as a resident engineer to work on the middle division of the Philadelphia and Erie railroad. In 1866, Cassatt became superintendent of motive power and machinery for the Oil Creek and Allegheny River Railway, recently reorganized in 1864 as the Warren and Franklin Railroad which was growing rapidly due to the discovery of oil in the region and coal mining.
In 1867, Cassatt was appointed as superintendent of motive power and machinery for the Pennsylvania railroad in Altoona with a salary of $3,000 per year ($=) when a trainman made less than $10 a week ($=).
Sometime during Cassatt's tenure as superintendent, he married Lois Buchanan, daughter of the Rev. Edward Y. Buchanan and Ann Eliza Foster. Lois Buchanan was a niece of James Buchanan, 15th President of the United States, and through her mother, a niece of songwriter Stephen Foster. The couple had two sons and two daughters.
In 1872, Cassatt was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society.
Chesterbrook Farm
Cassatt was a horse enthusiast and fox hunter who owned Chesterbrook Farm, outside Berwyn, Pennsylvania, where he bred Thoroughbred racehorses. The property is today the site of a subdivision with office buildings and homes using the Chesterbrook Farm name. The original main barn designed by Philadelphia architect Frank Furness has been maintained and restored. (Furness also designed Cassatt's Rittenhouse Square townhouse.)
Cassatt initially raced under the pseudonym, Mr. Kelso, and his horses as from the Kelso Stable. He owned the 1886 Preakness Stakes winner, The Bard, and the 1889 Belmont Stakes 1889 winner, Eric. As well, he bred the winner of the 1875, 1876, 1878, and 1880 Preakness Stakes and Foxford, who won the 1891 Belmont.
In addition to flat-racing his Thoroughbreds, in 1895 Cassatt helped found the National Steeplechase Association to organize competitive steeplechase racing. He was also responsible for the introduction of the Hackney pony to the United States. In 1878 he acquired 239 Stella in Britain and brought her to Philadelphia. In 1891, Cassatt and several fellow Hackney enthusiasts founded the American Hackney Horse Society. The organization and registry continues to this day, with its headquarters now in Lexington, Kentucky.
Death
Cassatt died in 1906 at his Rittenhouse Square townhouse in Philadelphia, after a six-month illness. He was interred in the Church of the Redeemer Cemetery in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania. His widow died in 1920.
Legacy
Gramercy Mansion in Baltimore, Maryland, was built by Alexander Cassatt in 1902.
In 1910, the Pennsylvania Railroad erected a statue of Cassatt, by Adolph Alexander Weinman, in a niche at New York City's new Pennsylvania Station. An inscription below the niche read:
The statue is currently located at the Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania in Strasburg, Pennsylvania.
See also
Pennsylvania Station – Original station, demolished in 1963
List of railroad executives
References
Further reading
Jacobs, Timothy. The History Of The Pennsylvania Railroad; Bison Books Group 1988; , p. 78–88 The Cassatt years.
Jonnes, Jill. Conquering Gotham: a Gilded Age epic: the construction of Penn Station and its tunnels; Penguin Books 2007; .
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (2005), RPI: Alumni hall of fame: Alexander J. Cassatt. Retrieved February 22, 2005.
White, John H., Jr. America's most noteworthy railroaders, Railroad History, Railway and Locomotive Historical Society, Spring 1986, 154, p. 9–15.
Schmidt, David. "Chesterbrook retells the story of Wayne for the 20th century." Lower Merion Historical Society, Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania.
American Hackney Horse Society .
External links
1839 births
1906 deaths
Businesspeople from Pittsburgh
Businesspeople from Philadelphia
People from Lower Merion Township, Pennsylvania
American civil engineers
20th-century American railroad executives
American racehorse owners and breeders
Owners of Preakness Stakes winners
Pennsylvania Railroad people
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute alumni
American people in rail transportation
Members of the Philadelphia Club
People associated with the Philadelphia Museum of Art
Engineers from Pennsylvania
19th-century American businesspeople | [
"Alexander Johnston Cassatt (December 8, 1839 – December 28, 1906) was the seventh president of the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR), serving from June 9, 1899, to December 28, 1906.",
"The painter Mary Cassatt was his sister.",
"Family and early life\nAlexander Cassatt was born on December 8, 1839, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the eldest of seven children born to Robert Simpson Cassat (later Cassatt), and his wife Katherine Cassatt, the former Katherine Kelso Johnston.",
"The elder Cassatt was a successful stockbroker and land speculator.",
"He was descended from the French Huguenot Jacques Cossart, who came to New Amsterdam in 1662.",
"Alexander's younger sister was the impressionist painter Mary Cassatt.",
"His mother Katherine came from a banking family.",
"She was educated and very well read.",
"It was said that of the seven children Alexander most resembled his mother in \"appearance and temperament.\"",
"In 1856 he entered Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute to study Civil Engineering where his senior thesis was entitled \"Review of Pressure Turbine.\"",
"After graduating in the summer of 1859, Robert Cassatt took Alexander to see a former neighbor from Lancaster Pennsylvania, James Buchanan, 15th President of the United States.",
"By the fall of 1860, Alexander had secured a position as a surveyor or rodman by the Georgia Railroad.",
"By the time the State of Georgia voted to secede from the Union in January 1861, Cassatt had abandoned his work as surveyor on the Dalton-Knoxville line of the Georgia Railroad and returned to Pennsylvania without seeing any military service during the Civil War.",
"Career\n\nPennsylvania Railroad\nFrequently referred to as A. J. Cassatt, the great accomplishment under his stewardship was the planning and construction of tunnels under the Hudson River to finally bring PRR's trunk line into New York City.",
"His purchase of a controlling interest in the Long Island Rail Road and the construction of tunnels under the East River created a PRR commuter network on Long Island.",
"Unfortunately, Cassatt died before his grand Pennsylvania Station in New York City was completed.",
"Cassatt joined the PRR in 1861 as an engineer and rapidly rose through the ranks.",
"He was a vice president in 1877 when the Pittsburgh Railway Riots broke out in 1877, and had become Pennsy First Vice-President by 1880.",
"He was disappointed to be passed over for the presidency and resigned from the company in 1882.",
"During his absence he devoted his time to horse raising but still was able to organize a new railroad the New York, Philadelphia and Norfolk Railroad (NYP&N), that connected southern markets with the north.",
"Despite no longer being an executive with PRR, he was elected to the PRR's board of directors and was recalled in 1899 to serve as president.",
"Cassatt more than doubled the PRR's total assets during his term, from $276 million to $594 million, while Track and equipment investment increased by almost 150 percent.",
"The route from New York through Philadelphia, Harrisburg and Altoona to Pittsburgh was made double-tracked throughout; to Washington, D.C., four-tracked—Pennsy's \"Broad Way.\"",
"Many other lines were double-tracked; almost every part of the system was improved.",
"New freight cutoffs avoided stations; grade crossings were eliminated, flyovers were built to streamline common paths through junctions, terminals were redesigned, and much more.",
"Cassatt initiated the Pennsy's program of electrification which led to the road being the United States' most electrified system.",
"Cassatt was succeeded as Pennsylvania Railroad president by James McCrea.",
"Civil engineer\nIn the Spring of 1861, Cassatt had been hired as part of the Engineer Corps of the Pennsylvania Railroad, again as a rodman where he worked on the Connecting Railway.",
"It is unknown how Cassatt managed to avoid the Pennsylvania militia draft during the Union mobilization in this period but in 1864, Cassatt was transferred to Renovo, Pennsylvania, as a resident engineer to work on the middle division of the Philadelphia and Erie railroad.",
"In 1866, Cassatt became superintendent of motive power and machinery for the Oil Creek and Allegheny River Railway, recently reorganized in 1864 as the Warren and Franklin Railroad which was growing rapidly due to the discovery of oil in the region and coal mining.",
"In 1867, Cassatt was appointed as superintendent of motive power and machinery for the Pennsylvania railroad in Altoona with a salary of $3,000 per year ($=) when a trainman made less than $10 a week ($=).",
"Sometime during Cassatt's tenure as superintendent, he married Lois Buchanan, daughter of the Rev.",
"Edward Y. Buchanan and Ann Eliza Foster.",
"Lois Buchanan was a niece of James Buchanan, 15th President of the United States, and through her mother, a niece of songwriter Stephen Foster.",
"The couple had two sons and two daughters.",
"In 1872, Cassatt was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society.",
"Chesterbrook Farm\n\nCassatt was a horse enthusiast and fox hunter who owned Chesterbrook Farm, outside Berwyn, Pennsylvania, where he bred Thoroughbred racehorses.",
"The property is today the site of a subdivision with office buildings and homes using the Chesterbrook Farm name.",
"The original main barn designed by Philadelphia architect Frank Furness has been maintained and restored.",
"(Furness also designed Cassatt's Rittenhouse Square townhouse.)",
"Cassatt initially raced under the pseudonym, Mr. Kelso, and his horses as from the Kelso Stable.",
"He owned the 1886 Preakness Stakes winner, The Bard, and the 1889 Belmont Stakes 1889 winner, Eric.",
"As well, he bred the winner of the 1875, 1876, 1878, and 1880 Preakness Stakes and Foxford, who won the 1891 Belmont.",
"In addition to flat-racing his Thoroughbreds, in 1895 Cassatt helped found the National Steeplechase Association to organize competitive steeplechase racing.",
"He was also responsible for the introduction of the Hackney pony to the United States.",
"In 1878 he acquired 239 Stella in Britain and brought her to Philadelphia.",
"In 1891, Cassatt and several fellow Hackney enthusiasts founded the American Hackney Horse Society.",
"The organization and registry continues to this day, with its headquarters now in Lexington, Kentucky.",
"Death\nCassatt died in 1906 at his Rittenhouse Square townhouse in Philadelphia, after a six-month illness.",
"He was interred in the Church of the Redeemer Cemetery in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania.",
"His widow died in 1920.",
"Legacy \n\nGramercy Mansion in Baltimore, Maryland, was built by Alexander Cassatt in 1902.",
"In 1910, the Pennsylvania Railroad erected a statue of Cassatt, by Adolph Alexander Weinman, in a niche at New York City's new Pennsylvania Station.",
"An inscription below the niche read:\n\nThe statue is currently located at the Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania in Strasburg, Pennsylvania.",
"See also\n Pennsylvania Station – Original station, demolished in 1963\n List of railroad executives\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading\n\n \n \n Jacobs, Timothy.",
"The History Of The Pennsylvania Railroad; Bison Books Group 1988; , p. 78–88 The Cassatt years.",
"Jonnes, Jill.",
"Conquering Gotham: a Gilded Age epic: the construction of Penn Station and its tunnels; Penguin Books 2007; .",
"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (2005), RPI: Alumni hall of fame: Alexander J. Cassatt.",
"Retrieved February 22, 2005.",
"White, John H., Jr. America's most noteworthy railroaders, Railroad History, Railway and Locomotive Historical Society, Spring 1986, 154, p. 9–15.",
"Schmidt, David.",
"\"Chesterbrook retells the story of Wayne for the 20th century.\"",
"Lower Merion Historical Society, Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania.",
"American Hackney Horse Society .",
"External links\n\n1839 births\n1906 deaths\nBusinesspeople from Pittsburgh\nBusinesspeople from Philadelphia\nPeople from Lower Merion Township, Pennsylvania\nAmerican civil engineers\n20th-century American railroad executives\nAmerican racehorse owners and breeders\nOwners of Preakness Stakes winners\nPennsylvania Railroad people\nRensselaer Polytechnic Institute alumni\nAmerican people in rail transportation\nMembers of the Philadelphia Club\nPeople associated with the Philadelphia Museum of Art\nEngineers from Pennsylvania\n19th-century American businesspeople"
] | [
"From June 9, 1899 to December 28, 1906, Alexander was the seventh president of the Pennsylvania Railroad.",
"Mary was his sister.",
"Alexander Cassatt was the eldest of seven children who were born to Robert Simpson Cassat and his wife, Katherine, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on December 8, 1839.",
"The father was a successful land speculator.",
"Jacques Cossart came to New Amsterdam in 1662.",
"Mary was Alexander's sister.",
"His mother was from a banking family.",
"She was well read and educated.",
"Alexander most resembled his mother in appearance and temperament.",
"His senior thesis was titled \"Review of Pressure Turbine\" and he studied Civil Engineering at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.",
"Alexander was taken to see James Buchanan, the 15th President of the United States, after graduating from college.",
"Alexander was hired by the Georgia Railroad as a rodman in the fall of 1860.",
"By the time the State of Georgia voted to leave the Union in January 1861, Cassatt had left his job on the Georgia Railroad and returned to Pennsylvania.",
"The planning and construction of tunnels under the Hudson River to finally bring PRR's trunk line into New York City was a great accomplishment under his stewardship.",
"His purchase of a controlling interest in the Long Island Rail Road and the construction of tunnels under the East River created a PRR commuter network on Long Island.",
"His grand Pennsylvania Station in New York City was incomplete before he died.",
"He rose through the ranks after joining the PRR as an engineer.",
"When the Pittsburgh Railway Riots broke out in 1877, he became Pennsy First Vice- President.",
"He resigned from the company after being passed over for the presidency.",
"He was able to organize a new railroad, the New York, Philadelphia and Norfolk Railroad (NYP&N), that connected southern markets with the north while he was away.",
"He was elected to the PRR's board of directors despite no longer being an executive, and was recalled in 1899 to serve as president.",
"During his term, the PRR's total assets more than doubled, from $276 million to $594 million, while Track and equipment investment increased by almost 150 percent.",
"The route from New York to Washington, D.C. was double-tracked throughout.",
"Almost every part of the system was improved, as many other lines were double-tracked.",
"New freight cutoffs avoided stations, grade crossings were eliminated, flyovers were built to streamline common paths through junctions, and much more.",
"The Pennsy's program of electrification led to the road being the most electric system in the United States.",
"James McCrea took over as Pennsylvania Railroad president.",
"In the spring of 1861, he was hired as a civil engineer by the Pennsylvania Railroad and also as a rodman on the Connecting Railway.",
"It is not known how Cassatt was able to avoid the Pennsylvania militia draft, but he was transferred to Renovo, Pennsylvania, in 1864, where he worked on the middle division of the Philadelphia and Erie railroad.",
"The Warren and Franklin Railroad, which was growing rapidly due to the discovery of oil in the region, was reorganized in 1864 as the Oil Creek and Allegheny River Railway.",
"When a trainman made less than $10 a week, Cassatt was appointed to the position of motive power and machinery for the Pennsylvania railroad in Altoona with a salary of $3,000 per year.",
"Lois Buchanan is the daughter of the Rev.",
"Buchanan and Foster are related.",
"James Buchanan was the 15th President of the United States and Lois Buchanan was his niece.",
"They had five children, two sons and two daughters.",
"In 1872, he was elected as a member of the American Philosophical Society.",
"He bred thoroughbred racehorses at Chesterbrook Farm, which he owned outside Berwyn, Pennsylvania.",
"The Chesterbrook Farm name is used to refer to the site of a subdivision with office buildings and homes.",
"Frank Furness designed the original main barn.",
"The Rittenhouse Square townhouse was designed by Furness.",
"Mr. Kelso and his horses were from the Kelso Stable.",
"The Bard and Eric were both owned by him.",
"The winner of the 1876, 1876, 1878, and 1880 Preakness Stakes and Foxford were bred by him.",
"In 1895, he helped found the National steeplechase Association, which organizes competitive steeplechase racing.",
"The introduction of the Hackney pony to the United States was done by him.",
"He brought her to Philadelphia from Britain in the 19th century.",
"The American Hackney Horse Society was founded in 1891.",
"The headquarters of the organization and registry is in Kentucky.",
"Death Cassatt died of a six-month illness in 1906 at his Rittenhouse Square townhouse in Philadelphia.",
"He was buried in the Church of the Redeemer Cemetery.",
"His wife died in 1920.",
"The Legacy Gramercy Mansion is located in Baltimore, Maryland.",
"In 1910, the Pennsylvania Railroad put up a statue of Cassatt in a niche at New York City's new Pennsylvania Station.",
"The statue is located at the Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania in Pennsylvania.",
"The original Pennsylvania Station was demolished in 1963.",
"The History of the Pennsylvania Railroad was published in 1988.",
"Jonnes is the name of the person.",
"The construction of Penn Station and its tunnels was an epic.",
"The alumni hall of fame is at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.",
"February 22, 2005.",
"America's most noteworthy railroaders, Railroad History, Railway and Locomotive Historical Society, Spring 1986, pp. 9–15, was written by John H., Jr.",
"David Schmidt.",
"Chesterbrook retells the story of Wayne in the 20th century.",
"The Lower Merion Historical Society is in Pennsylvania.",
"The American Hackney Horse Society.",
"Business people from Philadelphia include civil engineers, railroad executives, racehorse owners, and members of the Philadelphia Club."
] | <mask> (December 8, 1839 – December 28, 1906) was the seventh president of the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR), serving from June 9, 1899, to December 28, 1906. The painter <mask> was his sister. Family and early life
<mask> was born on December 8, 1839, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the eldest of seven children born to Robert Simpson Cassat (later <mask>), and his wife <mask>, the former Katherine Kelso Johnston. The elder <mask> was a successful stockbroker and land speculator. He was descended from the French Huguenot Jacques Cossart, who came to New Amsterdam in 1662. <mask>'s younger sister was the impressionist painter <mask>. His mother Katherine came from a banking family.She was educated and very well read. It was said that of the seven children <mask> most resembled his mother in "appearance and temperament." In 1856 he entered Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute to study Civil Engineering where his senior thesis was entitled "Review of Pressure Turbine." After graduating in the summer of 1859, <mask> took <mask> to see a former neighbor from Lancaster Pennsylvania, James Buchanan, 15th President of the United States. By the fall of 1860, <mask> had secured a position as a surveyor or rodman by the Georgia Railroad. By the time the State of Georgia voted to secede from the Union in January 1861, <mask> had abandoned his work as surveyor on the Dalton-Knoxville line of the Georgia Railroad and returned to Pennsylvania without seeing any military service during the Civil War. Career
Pennsylvania Railroad
Frequently referred to as A. J. <mask>, the great accomplishment under his stewardship was the planning and construction of tunnels under the Hudson River to finally bring PRR's trunk line into New York City.His purchase of a controlling interest in the Long Island Rail Road and the construction of tunnels under the East River created a PRR commuter network on Long Island. Unfortunately, <mask> died before his grand Pennsylvania Station in New York City was completed. <mask> joined the PRR in 1861 as an engineer and rapidly rose through the ranks. He was a vice president in 1877 when the Pittsburgh Railway Riots broke out in 1877, and had become Pennsy First Vice-President by 1880. He was disappointed to be passed over for the presidency and resigned from the company in 1882. During his absence he devoted his time to horse raising but still was able to organize a new railroad the New York, Philadelphia and Norfolk Railroad (NYP&N), that connected southern markets with the north. Despite no longer being an executive with PRR, he was elected to the PRR's board of directors and was recalled in 1899 to serve as president.<mask> more than doubled the PRR's total assets during his term, from $276 million to $594 million, while Track and equipment investment increased by almost 150 percent. The route from New York through Philadelphia, Harrisburg and Altoona to Pittsburgh was made double-tracked throughout; to Washington, D.C., four-tracked—Pennsy's "Broad Way." Many other lines were double-tracked; almost every part of the system was improved. New freight cutoffs avoided stations; grade crossings were eliminated, flyovers were built to streamline common paths through junctions, terminals were redesigned, and much more. <mask> initiated the Pennsy's program of electrification which led to the road being the United States' most electrified system. <mask> was succeeded as Pennsylvania Railroad president by James McCrea. Civil engineer
In the Spring of 1861, <mask> had been hired as part of the Engineer Corps of the Pennsylvania Railroad, again as a rodman where he worked on the Connecting Railway.It is unknown how <mask> managed to avoid the Pennsylvania militia draft during the Union mobilization in this period but in 1864, <mask> was transferred to Renovo, Pennsylvania, as a resident engineer to work on the middle division of the Philadelphia and Erie railroad. In 1866, <mask> became superintendent of motive power and machinery for the Oil Creek and Allegheny River Railway, recently reorganized in 1864 as the Warren and Franklin Railroad which was growing rapidly due to the discovery of oil in the region and coal mining. In 1867, <mask> was appointed as superintendent of motive power and machinery for the Pennsylvania railroad in Altoona with a salary of $3,000 per year ($=) when a trainman made less than $10 a week ($=). Sometime during <mask>'s tenure as superintendent, he married Lois Buchanan, daughter of the Rev. Edward Y. Buchanan and Ann Eliza Foster. Lois Buchanan was a niece of James Buchanan, 15th President of the United States, and through her mother, a niece of songwriter Stephen Foster. The couple had two sons and two daughters.In 1872, <mask> was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society. Chesterbrook Farm
<mask> was a horse enthusiast and fox hunter who owned Chesterbrook Farm, outside Berwyn, Pennsylvania, where he bred Thoroughbred racehorses. The property is today the site of a subdivision with office buildings and homes using the Chesterbrook Farm name. The original main barn designed by Philadelphia architect Frank Furness has been maintained and restored. (Furness also designed <mask>'s Rittenhouse Square townhouse.) <mask> initially raced under the pseudonym, Mr. Kelso, and his horses as from the Kelso Stable. He owned the 1886 Preakness Stakes winner, The Bard, and the 1889 Belmont Stakes 1889 winner, Eric.As well, he bred the winner of the 1875, 1876, 1878, and 1880 Preakness Stakes and Foxford, who won the 1891 Belmont. In addition to flat-racing his Thoroughbreds, in 1895 <mask> helped found the National Steeplechase Association to organize competitive steeplechase racing. He was also responsible for the introduction of the Hackney pony to the United States. In 1878 he acquired 239 Stella in Britain and brought her to Philadelphia. In 1891, <mask> and several fellow Hackney enthusiasts founded the American Hackney Horse Society. The organization and registry continues to this day, with its headquarters now in Lexington, Kentucky. <mask> died in 1906 at his Rittenhouse Square townhouse in Philadelphia, after a six-month illness.He was interred in the Church of the Redeemer Cemetery in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania. His widow died in 1920. Legacy
Gramercy Mansion in Baltimore, Maryland, was built by <mask> in 1902. In 1910, the Pennsylvania Railroad erected a statue of <mask>, by Adolph <mask>, in a niche at New York City's new Pennsylvania Station. An inscription below the niche read:
The statue is currently located at the Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania in Strasburg, Pennsylvania. See also
Pennsylvania Station – Original station, demolished in 1963
List of railroad executives
References
Further reading
Jacobs, Timothy. The History Of The Pennsylvania Railroad; Bison Books Group 1988; , p. 78–88 The Cassatt years.Jonnes, Jill. Conquering Gotham: a Gilded Age epic: the construction of Penn Station and its tunnels; Penguin Books 2007; . Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (2005), RPI: Alumni hall of fame: Alexander J. Cassatt. Retrieved February 22, 2005. White, John H., Jr. America's most noteworthy railroaders, Railroad History, Railway and Locomotive Historical Society, Spring 1986, 154, p. 9–15. Schmidt, David. "Chesterbrook retells the story of Wayne for the 20th century."Lower Merion Historical Society, Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania. American Hackney Horse Society . External links
1839 births
1906 deaths
Businesspeople from Pittsburgh
Businesspeople from Philadelphia
People from Lower Merion Township, Pennsylvania
American civil engineers
20th-century American railroad executives
American racehorse owners and breeders
Owners of Preakness Stakes winners
Pennsylvania Railroad people
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute alumni
American people in rail transportation
Members of the Philadelphia Club
People associated with the Philadelphia Museum of Art
Engineers from Pennsylvania
19th-century American businesspeople | [
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"Cassatt",
"Cassatt",
"Cassatt",
"Cassatt",
"Cassatt",
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"Cassatt",
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"Cassatt",
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"Alexander Cassatt",
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"Alexander Weinman"
] | From June 9, 1899 to December 28, 1906, <mask> was the seventh president of the Pennsylvania Railroad. Mary was his sister. <mask> was the eldest of seven children who were born to Robert Simpson Cassat and his wife, Katherine, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on December 8, 1839. The father was a successful land speculator. Jacques Cossart came to New Amsterdam in 1662. Mary was <mask>'s sister. His mother was from a banking family.She was well read and educated. <mask> most resembled his mother in appearance and temperament. His senior thesis was titled "Review of Pressure Turbine" and he studied Civil Engineering at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. <mask> was taken to see James Buchanan, the 15th President of the United States, after graduating from college. <mask> was hired by the Georgia Railroad as a rodman in the fall of 1860. By the time the State of Georgia voted to leave the Union in January 1861, <mask> had left his job on the Georgia Railroad and returned to Pennsylvania. The planning and construction of tunnels under the Hudson River to finally bring PRR's trunk line into New York City was a great accomplishment under his stewardship.His purchase of a controlling interest in the Long Island Rail Road and the construction of tunnels under the East River created a PRR commuter network on Long Island. His grand Pennsylvania Station in New York City was incomplete before he died. He rose through the ranks after joining the PRR as an engineer. When the Pittsburgh Railway Riots broke out in 1877, he became Pennsy First Vice- President. He resigned from the company after being passed over for the presidency. He was able to organize a new railroad, the New York, Philadelphia and Norfolk Railroad (NYP&N), that connected southern markets with the north while he was away. He was elected to the PRR's board of directors despite no longer being an executive, and was recalled in 1899 to serve as president.During his term, the PRR's total assets more than doubled, from $276 million to $594 million, while Track and equipment investment increased by almost 150 percent. The route from New York to Washington, D.C. was double-tracked throughout. Almost every part of the system was improved, as many other lines were double-tracked. New freight cutoffs avoided stations, grade crossings were eliminated, flyovers were built to streamline common paths through junctions, and much more. The Pennsy's program of electrification led to the road being the most electric system in the United States. James McCrea took over as Pennsylvania Railroad president. In the spring of 1861, he was hired as a civil engineer by the Pennsylvania Railroad and also as a rodman on the Connecting Railway.It is not known how <mask> was able to avoid the Pennsylvania militia draft, but he was transferred to Renovo, Pennsylvania, in 1864, where he worked on the middle division of the Philadelphia and Erie railroad. The Warren and Franklin Railroad, which was growing rapidly due to the discovery of oil in the region, was reorganized in 1864 as the Oil Creek and Allegheny River Railway. When a trainman made less than $10 a week, <mask> was appointed to the position of motive power and machinery for the Pennsylvania railroad in Altoona with a salary of $3,000 per year. Lois Buchanan is the daughter of the Rev. Buchanan and Foster are related. James Buchanan was the 15th President of the United States and Lois Buchanan was his niece. They had five children, two sons and two daughters.In 1872, he was elected as a member of the American Philosophical Society. He bred thoroughbred racehorses at Chesterbrook Farm, which he owned outside Berwyn, Pennsylvania. The Chesterbrook Farm name is used to refer to the site of a subdivision with office buildings and homes. Frank Furness designed the original main barn. The Rittenhouse Square townhouse was designed by Furness. Mr. Kelso and his horses were from the Kelso Stable. The Bard and Eric were both owned by him.The winner of the 1876, 1876, 1878, and 1880 Preakness Stakes and Foxford were bred by him. In 1895, he helped found the National steeplechase Association, which organizes competitive steeplechase racing. The introduction of the Hackney pony to the United States was done by him. He brought her to Philadelphia from Britain in the 19th century. The American Hackney Horse Society was founded in 1891. The headquarters of the organization and registry is in Kentucky. <mask> died of a six-month illness in 1906 at his Rittenhouse Square townhouse in Philadelphia.He was buried in the Church of the Redeemer Cemetery. His wife died in 1920. The Legacy Gramercy Mansion is located in Baltimore, Maryland. In 1910, the Pennsylvania Railroad put up a statue of <mask> in a niche at New York City's new Pennsylvania Station. The statue is located at the Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania in Pennsylvania. The original Pennsylvania Station was demolished in 1963. The History of the Pennsylvania Railroad was published in 1988.Jonnes is the name of the person. The construction of Penn Station and its tunnels was an epic. The alumni hall of fame is at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. February 22, 2005. America's most noteworthy railroaders, Railroad History, Railway and Locomotive Historical Society, Spring 1986, pp. 9–15, was written by John H., Jr. David Schmidt. Chesterbrook retells the story of Wayne in the 20th century.The Lower Merion Historical Society is in Pennsylvania. The American Hackney Horse Society. Business people from Philadelphia include civil engineers, railroad executives, racehorse owners, and members of the Philadelphia Club. | [
"Alexander",
"Alexander Cassatt",
"Alexander",
"Alexander",
"Alexander",
"Alexander",
"Cassatt",
"Cassatt",
"Cassatt",
"Death Cassatt",
"Cassatt"
] |
25996321 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith%20David%20Watenpaugh | Keith David Watenpaugh | Keith David Watenpaugh (born October 8, 1966) is an American academic. He is Professor of Human Rights Studies at the University of California, Davis. A leading American historian of the contemporary Middle East, human rights, and modern humanitarianism, he is an expert on the Armenian genocide and its denial, and the role of the refugee in world history.
Watenpaugh is the founding director of the UC Davis Human Rights Studies Program, the first academic program of its kind in the University of California system. He has been a leader of international efforts to address the needs of displaced and refugee university students and professionals, primarily those affected by the wars and civil conflicts in Syria, Iraq, and Turkey.
He serves on the academic advisory board of the National Center for Free Speech and Civic Engagement; and is a founding steering committee member of the University Alliance for Refugees and at-Risk Migrants
Works
In addition to publishing in the American Historical Review, the International Journal of Middle East Studies, Journal of Human Rights, Humanity, Social History, The Huffington Post and the Chronicle of Higher Education, Watenpaugh is author of Being Modern in the Middle East: Revolution, Nationalism, and Colonialism and the Arab Middle Class. (Princeton: Princeton University Press 2006), and Bread from Stones: The Middle East and the Making of Modern Humanitarianism (Oakland: University of California Press, 2015).
He is co-editor of Karnig Panian's Goodbye, Antoura: A Memoir of the Armenian Genocide (Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 2015). Panian was an Armenian Genocide child survivor who was held in the Ottoman orphanage at Antoura, Lebanon, where he was subjected to violent attempts at Turkification.
Refugee university students and scholars
Following the 2003 American-led invasion and occupation of Iraq, he led the first investigation of conditions facing universities and research centers in Baghdad. His team's findings appear in "Opening Doors: Academic Conditions and Intellectual Life in Post-War Baghdad," which was highly critical of early American cultural and education policies in post-invasion Iraq, especially those adopted by the Coalition Provisional Authority.
Since 2013, Watenpaugh has directed a joint University of California, Davis Global Affairs and Human Rights Studies project to assist refugee university students and scholars from the war in Syria. The project has documented how refugee higher education is neglected by traditional governmental and intergovernmental refugee agencies, and has proposed new methods and techniques for their assistance, including ways to increase their mobility.
With the support of the Ford Foundation and the Open Society Foundations (2017–2019), he directed the development and implementation of the Article 26 Backpack a digital/human tool that improves refugee academic document security and empowers better access to higher education opportunities.
Awards and honors
Watenpaugh is a recipient (2019) of the Institute of International Education Centennial Medal in recognition of his research, advocacy, and the Article 26 Backpack.
He has been a Fellow of the American Council of Learned Societies (2013), a Senior Fellow in International Peace at the United States Institute of Peace (2008–2009) and has served on the editorial board of the International Journal of Middle East Studies.
In 2018 he held the Richard von Weizsäcker Distinguished Visitor and Lecturer fellowship at the American Academy in Berlin; distinguished research fellow (2018) of the Issam Fares Institute for Public Policy and International Affairs at American University of Beirut; distinguished visiting professor (2016) at The Strassler Family Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Clark University; and the George S. and Dolores Doré Eccles Distinguished Visiting Fellow at the Tanner Humanities Center, University of Utah (2005–2006).
He has also had the Fulbright, Fulbright-Hays, Social Science Research Council, Will Rogers and the American Academic Research Institute in Iraq fellowships; he was the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Post-Doctoral Fellow in Middle East Studies at Williams College from 1998 to 2000.
His scholarship has won multiple awards from professional organizations. His most recent book, Bread from Stones, is an Ahmanson Foundation Book in the Humanities; and won honorable mention (2016) in the Pacific Coast Branch of the American Historical Association Norris & Carol Hundley Award competition.
Watenpaugh is an Eagle Scout.
Selected publications and interviews
Bread From Stones: The Middle East and the Making of Modern Humanitarianism (Oakland: University of California Press, 2015)
Being Modern in the Middle East: Revolution, Colonialism, Nationalism and the Arab Middle Class, (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006.)
"The League of Nations' Rescue of Armenian Genocide Survivors and the Making of Modern Humanitarianism, 1920-1927," American Historical Review, 115:5, (December 2010).
"Syria's Lost Generation" Chronicle of Higher Education, (June, 2013).
"The Article 26 Backpack Digital Platform Empowers Refugee Students," IIE Networker (Spring 2018)
"A Matter of Rights Professor shares his efforts to help refugees access higher education" University of California News
"We Will Stop Here and Go No Further: Syrian University Students and Scholars in Turkey" (2014)
Ottoman History Podcast, Syrian University Students and the Impacts of War (2014)
Ottoman History Podcast Interview with Chris Gratien The Middle East in the Making of Modern Humanitarianism (2015)
"Why Trump's Executive Order Is Wrongheaded and Reckless," Chronicle of Higher Education, (January, 2017)
"A Fragile Glasnost on the Tigris" Middle East Report 228: Fall 2003.
"Middle East Brain Drain," National Public Radio's Talk of the Nation - 11/22/2006
References
External links
Official Website
https://human-rights.ucdavis.edu/people/keith-watenpaugh
1966 births
Living people
21st-century American historians
21st-century American male writers
University of California, Davis faculty
University of California, Los Angeles alumni
University of Washington alumni
Historians of the Middle East
Historians of the Armenian genocide
American male non-fiction writers | [
"Keith David Watenpaugh (born October 8, 1966) is an American academic.",
"He is Professor of Human Rights Studies at the University of California, Davis.",
"A leading American historian of the contemporary Middle East, human rights, and modern humanitarianism, he is an expert on the Armenian genocide and its denial, and the role of the refugee in world history.",
"Watenpaugh is the founding director of the UC Davis Human Rights Studies Program, the first academic program of its kind in the University of California system.",
"He has been a leader of international efforts to address the needs of displaced and refugee university students and professionals, primarily those affected by the wars and civil conflicts in Syria, Iraq, and Turkey.",
"He serves on the academic advisory board of the National Center for Free Speech and Civic Engagement; and is a founding steering committee member of the University Alliance for Refugees and at-Risk Migrants\n\nWorks\n\nIn addition to publishing in the American Historical Review, the International Journal of Middle East Studies, Journal of Human Rights, Humanity, Social History, The Huffington Post and the Chronicle of Higher Education, Watenpaugh is author of Being Modern in the Middle East: Revolution, Nationalism, and Colonialism and the Arab Middle Class.",
"(Princeton: Princeton University Press 2006), and Bread from Stones: The Middle East and the Making of Modern Humanitarianism (Oakland: University of California Press, 2015).",
"He is co-editor of Karnig Panian's Goodbye, Antoura: A Memoir of the Armenian Genocide (Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 2015).",
"Panian was an Armenian Genocide child survivor who was held in the Ottoman orphanage at Antoura, Lebanon, where he was subjected to violent attempts at Turkification.",
"Refugee university students and scholars\n\nFollowing the 2003 American-led invasion and occupation of Iraq, he led the first investigation of conditions facing universities and research centers in Baghdad.",
"His team's findings appear in \"Opening Doors: Academic Conditions and Intellectual Life in Post-War Baghdad,\" which was highly critical of early American cultural and education policies in post-invasion Iraq, especially those adopted by the Coalition Provisional Authority.",
"Since 2013, Watenpaugh has directed a joint University of California, Davis Global Affairs and Human Rights Studies project to assist refugee university students and scholars from the war in Syria.",
"The project has documented how refugee higher education is neglected by traditional governmental and intergovernmental refugee agencies, and has proposed new methods and techniques for their assistance, including ways to increase their mobility.",
"With the support of the Ford Foundation and the Open Society Foundations (2017–2019), he directed the development and implementation of the Article 26 Backpack a digital/human tool that improves refugee academic document security and empowers better access to higher education opportunities.",
"Awards and honors\n\nWatenpaugh is a recipient (2019) of the Institute of International Education Centennial Medal in recognition of his research, advocacy, and the Article 26 Backpack.",
"He has been a Fellow of the American Council of Learned Societies (2013), a Senior Fellow in International Peace at the United States Institute of Peace (2008–2009) and has served on the editorial board of the International Journal of Middle East Studies.",
"In 2018 he held the Richard von Weizsäcker Distinguished Visitor and Lecturer fellowship at the American Academy in Berlin; distinguished research fellow (2018) of the Issam Fares Institute for Public Policy and International Affairs at American University of Beirut; distinguished visiting professor (2016) at The Strassler Family Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Clark University; and the George S. and Dolores Doré Eccles Distinguished Visiting Fellow at the Tanner Humanities Center, University of Utah (2005–2006).",
"He has also had the Fulbright, Fulbright-Hays, Social Science Research Council, Will Rogers and the American Academic Research Institute in Iraq fellowships; he was the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Post-Doctoral Fellow in Middle East Studies at Williams College from 1998 to 2000.",
"His scholarship has won multiple awards from professional organizations.",
"His most recent book, Bread from Stones, is an Ahmanson Foundation Book in the Humanities; and won honorable mention (2016) in the Pacific Coast Branch of the American Historical Association Norris & Carol Hundley Award competition.",
"Watenpaugh is an Eagle Scout.",
"Selected publications and interviews\n\nBread From Stones: The Middle East and the Making of Modern Humanitarianism (Oakland: University of California Press, 2015)\n\nBeing Modern in the Middle East: Revolution, Colonialism, Nationalism and the Arab Middle Class, (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006.)",
"\"The League of Nations' Rescue of Armenian Genocide Survivors and the Making of Modern Humanitarianism, 1920-1927,\" American Historical Review, 115:5, (December 2010).",
"\"Syria's Lost Generation\" Chronicle of Higher Education, (June, 2013).",
"\"The Article 26 Backpack Digital Platform Empowers Refugee Students,\" IIE Networker (Spring 2018) \n\n\"A Matter of Rights Professor shares his efforts to help refugees access higher education\" University of California News \n\n\"We Will Stop Here and Go No Further: Syrian University Students and Scholars in Turkey\" (2014)\n\nOttoman History Podcast, Syrian University Students and the Impacts of War (2014)\n\nOttoman History Podcast Interview with Chris Gratien The Middle East in the Making of Modern Humanitarianism (2015)\n\n\"Why Trump's Executive Order Is Wrongheaded and Reckless,\" Chronicle of Higher Education, (January, 2017) \n\n\"A Fragile Glasnost on the Tigris\" Middle East Report 228: Fall 2003.",
"\"Middle East Brain Drain,\" National Public Radio's Talk of the Nation - 11/22/2006\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nOfficial Website \n https://human-rights.ucdavis.edu/people/keith-watenpaugh\n\n1966 births\nLiving people\n21st-century American historians\n21st-century American male writers\nUniversity of California, Davis faculty\nUniversity of California, Los Angeles alumni\nUniversity of Washington alumni\nHistorians of the Middle East\nHistorians of the Armenian genocide\nAmerican male non-fiction writers"
] | [
"Watenpaugh is an American academic.",
"He is a professor at the University of California, Davis.",
"A leading American historian of the contemporary Middle East, human rights, and modern humanitarianism, he is an expert on the role of the refugee in world history.",
"The first academic program of its kind in the University of California system, the UC Davis Human Rights Studies Program was founded by Watenpaugh.",
"He has been a leader of international efforts to address the needs of displaced and refugee university students and professionals, primarily those affected by the wars and civil conflicts in Syria, Iraq, and Turkey.",
"He is a founding member of the University Alliance for Refugees and at-Risk Migrants Works and is a member of the academic advisory board of the National Center for Free Speech and Civic Engagement.",
"Bread from Stones: The Middle East and the Making of Modern Humanitarianism was published in 2015.",
"Karnig Panian's Goodbye, Antoura: A Memoir of the Armenian Genocide was co-edited by him.",
"Panian was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217",
"The first investigation of conditions facing universities and research centers in Baghdad was led by a refugee university student.",
"His team's findings appear in \"Opening Doors: Academic Conditions and Intellectual Life in Post-war Baghdad,\" which was highly critical of early American cultural and education policies in post-war Iraq.",
"Watenpaugh directed a joint University of California, Davis Global Affairs and Human Rights Studies project to assist refugee university students and scholars from the war in Syria.",
"The project has documented how refugee higher education is neglected by traditional governmental and intergovernmental refugee agencies, and has proposed new methods and techniques for their assistance.",
"The Ford Foundation and the Open Society Foundations supported the development and implementation of the article 26 backpack, a digital/human tool that improves refugee academic document security and gives better access to higher education opportunities.",
"Watenpaugh received an award for his research, advocacy, and the article 26 backpack.",
"He is a Fellow of the American Council of Learned Societies, a Senior Fellow in International Peace at the United States Institute of Peace, and a member of the editorial board of the International Journal of Middle East Studies.",
"He held the Richard von WeizsckerDistinguished Visitor and Lecturer fellowship at the American Academy in Berlin, as well as the distinguished research fellow at the American University of Beirut.",
"He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217",
"His scholarship has won many awards.",
"His most recent book, Bread from Stones, was 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780",
"Watenpaugh is an Eagle Scout.",
"Being Modern in the Middle East: Revolution, Colonialism, Nationalism and the Arab Middle Class is a selection of publications and interviews.",
"The League of Nations' Rescue of Genocide Survivors and the Making of Modern Humanitarianism was covered in the American Historical Review.",
"The \"Syria's Lost Generation\" Chronicle of Higher Education was published in June.",
"\"A Matter of Rights Professor shares his efforts to help refugees access higher education\" University of California News \"We Will Stop Here and Go No Further: Syrian University Students and Scholars in Turkey\"",
"\"Middle East Brain Drain,\" National Public Radio's Talk of the Nation - 11/22/2006 References External links"
] | <mask> (born October 8, 1966) is an American academic. He is Professor of Human Rights Studies at the University of California, Davis. A leading American historian of the contemporary Middle East, human rights, and modern humanitarianism, he is an expert on the Armenian genocide and its denial, and the role of the refugee in world history. <mask> is the founding director of the UC Davis Human Rights Studies Program, the first academic program of its kind in the University of California system. He has been a leader of international efforts to address the needs of displaced and refugee university students and professionals, primarily those affected by the wars and civil conflicts in Syria, Iraq, and Turkey. He serves on the academic advisory board of the National Center for Free Speech and Civic Engagement; and is a founding steering committee member of the University Alliance for Refugees and at-Risk Migrants
Works
In addition to publishing in the American Historical Review, the International Journal of Middle East Studies, Journal of Human Rights, Humanity, Social History, The Huffington Post and the Chronicle of Higher Education, <mask> is author of Being Modern in the Middle East: Revolution, Nationalism, and Colonialism and the Arab Middle Class. (Princeton: Princeton University Press 2006), and Bread from Stones: The Middle East and the Making of Modern Humanitarianism (Oakland: University of California Press, 2015).He is co-editor of Karnig Panian's Goodbye, Antoura: A Memoir of the Armenian Genocide (Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 2015). Panian was an Armenian Genocide child survivor who was held in the Ottoman orphanage at Antoura, Lebanon, where he was subjected to violent attempts at Turkification. Refugee university students and scholars
Following the 2003 American-led invasion and occupation of Iraq, he led the first investigation of conditions facing universities and research centers in Baghdad. His team's findings appear in "Opening Doors: Academic Conditions and Intellectual Life in Post-War Baghdad," which was highly critical of early American cultural and education policies in post-invasion Iraq, especially those adopted by the Coalition Provisional Authority. Since 2013, <mask> has directed a joint University of California, Davis Global Affairs and Human Rights Studies project to assist refugee university students and scholars from the war in Syria. The project has documented how refugee higher education is neglected by traditional governmental and intergovernmental refugee agencies, and has proposed new methods and techniques for their assistance, including ways to increase their mobility. With the support of the Ford Foundation and the Open Society Foundations (2017–2019), he directed the development and implementation of the Article 26 Backpack a digital/human tool that improves refugee academic document security and empowers better access to higher education opportunities.Awards and honors
<mask> is a recipient (2019) of the Institute of International Education Centennial Medal in recognition of his research, advocacy, and the Article 26 Backpack. He has been a Fellow of the American Council of Learned Societies (2013), a Senior Fellow in International Peace at the United States Institute of Peace (2008–2009) and has served on the editorial board of the International Journal of Middle East Studies. In 2018 he held the Richard von Weizsäcker Distinguished Visitor and Lecturer fellowship at the American Academy in Berlin; distinguished research fellow (2018) of the Issam Fares Institute for Public Policy and International Affairs at American University of Beirut; distinguished visiting professor (2016) at The Strassler Family Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Clark University; and the George S. and Dolores Doré Eccles Distinguished Visiting Fellow at the Tanner Humanities Center, University of Utah (2005–2006). He has also had the Fulbright, Fulbright-Hays, Social Science Research Council, Will Rogers and the American Academic Research Institute in Iraq fellowships; he was the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Post-Doctoral Fellow in Middle East Studies at Williams College from 1998 to 2000. His scholarship has won multiple awards from professional organizations. His most recent book, Bread from Stones, is an Ahmanson Foundation Book in the Humanities; and won honorable mention (2016) in the Pacific Coast Branch of the American Historical Association Norris & Carol Hundley Award competition. <mask> is an Eagle Scout.Selected publications and interviews
Bread From Stones: The Middle East and the Making of Modern Humanitarianism (Oakland: University of California Press, 2015)
Being Modern in the Middle East: Revolution, Colonialism, Nationalism and the Arab Middle Class, (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006.) "The League of Nations' Rescue of Armenian Genocide Survivors and the Making of Modern Humanitarianism, 1920-1927," American Historical Review, 115:5, (December 2010). "Syria's Lost Generation" Chronicle of Higher Education, (June, 2013). "The Article 26 Backpack Digital Platform Empowers Refugee Students," IIE Networker (Spring 2018)
"A Matter of Rights Professor shares his efforts to help refugees access higher education" University of California News
"We Will Stop Here and Go No Further: Syrian University Students and Scholars in Turkey" (2014)
Ottoman History Podcast, Syrian University Students and the Impacts of War (2014)
Ottoman History Podcast Interview with Chris Gratien The Middle East in the Making of Modern Humanitarianism (2015)
"Why Trump's Executive Order Is Wrongheaded and Reckless," Chronicle of Higher Education, (January, 2017)
"A Fragile Glasnost on the Tigris" Middle East Report 228: Fall 2003. "Middle East Brain Drain," National Public Radio's Talk of the Nation - 11/22/2006
References
External links
Official Website
https://human-rights.ucdavis.edu/people/keith-watenpaugh
1966 births
Living people
21st-century American historians
21st-century American male writers
University of California, Davis faculty
University of California, Los Angeles alumni
University of Washington alumni
Historians of the Middle East
Historians of the Armenian genocide
American male non-fiction writers | [
"Keith David Watenpaugh",
"Watenpaugh",
"Watenpaugh",
"Watenpaugh",
"Watenpaugh",
"Watenpaugh"
] | <mask> is an American academic. He is a professor at the University of California, Davis. A leading American historian of the contemporary Middle East, human rights, and modern humanitarianism, he is an expert on the role of the refugee in world history. The first academic program of its kind in the University of California system, the UC Davis Human Rights Studies Program was founded by <mask>. He has been a leader of international efforts to address the needs of displaced and refugee university students and professionals, primarily those affected by the wars and civil conflicts in Syria, Iraq, and Turkey. He is a founding member of the University Alliance for Refugees and at-Risk Migrants Works and is a member of the academic advisory board of the National Center for Free Speech and Civic Engagement. Bread from Stones: The Middle East and the Making of Modern Humanitarianism was published in 2015.Karnig Panian's Goodbye, Antoura: A Memoir of the Armenian Genocide was co-edited by him. Panian was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 The first investigation of conditions facing universities and research centers in Baghdad was led by a refugee university student. His team's findings appear in "Opening Doors: Academic Conditions and Intellectual Life in Post-war Baghdad," which was highly critical of early American cultural and education policies in post-war Iraq. Watenpaugh directed a joint University of California, Davis Global Affairs and Human Rights Studies project to assist refugee university students and scholars from the war in Syria. The project has documented how refugee higher education is neglected by traditional governmental and intergovernmental refugee agencies, and has proposed new methods and techniques for their assistance. The Ford Foundation and the Open Society Foundations supported the development and implementation of the article 26 backpack, a digital/human tool that improves refugee academic document security and gives better access to higher education opportunities.<mask> received an award for his research, advocacy, and the article 26 backpack. He is a Fellow of the American Council of Learned Societies, a Senior Fellow in International Peace at the United States Institute of Peace, and a member of the editorial board of the International Journal of Middle East Studies. He held the Richard von WeizsckerDistinguished Visitor and Lecturer fellowship at the American Academy in Berlin, as well as the distinguished research fellow at the American University of Beirut. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 His scholarship has won many awards. His most recent book, Bread from Stones, was 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 Watenpaugh is an Eagle Scout.Being Modern in the Middle East: Revolution, Colonialism, Nationalism and the Arab Middle Class is a selection of publications and interviews. The League of Nations' Rescue of Genocide Survivors and the Making of Modern Humanitarianism was covered in the American Historical Review. The "Syria's Lost Generation" Chronicle of Higher Education was published in June. "A Matter of Rights Professor shares his efforts to help refugees access higher education" University of California News "We Will Stop Here and Go No Further: Syrian University Students and Scholars in Turkey" "Middle East Brain Drain," National Public Radio's Talk of the Nation - 11/22/2006 References External links | [
"Watenpaugh",
"Watenpaugh",
"Watenpaugh"
] |
1232778 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%20Chandra%20Kak | Ram Chandra Kak | Ram Chandra Kak (5 June 1893 – 10 February 1983) was the prime minister of Jammu and Kashmir during 1945–1947. One of the very few Kashmiri Pandits to ever hold that post, Kak had the intractable job of navigating the troubled waters of the transfer of power from British Raj to the independent dominions of India and Pakistan. He handled the activism of the state's political parties, the National Conference and Muslim Conference, and warded off pressure from the new dominions for the accession of the state. He advised the Maharaja to stay independent for at least a year before making the final decision. His actions were highly unpopular with the state's activist Muslims, and he was dismissed from the post of prime minister shortly before the independence of India and Pakistan in August 1947.
Kak was also a pioneering archaeologist who excavated the major sites of antiquities in Kashmir Valley and wrote a definitive treatise on them.
Early life
Ram Chandra Kak was the second among seven children (four sons and three daughters) of Keshav Lal Kak (b. 1873) —a money-lender and part time trader— and Bhageshwari Devi. He spent his early life in the Gurguri Mohalla of Srinagar.
Kak graduated from Sri Pratap College in 1913 and enrolled for a M. A., before being selected for training in archaeology. From 1914 to 1919, Kak trained under John Marshall at various sites.
Career
Post training, Kak was appointed as the superintendent of the newly established Department of Archaeology, before being promoted to the Director. He also served as the curator of SPS Museum, and Librarian of Maharaja Hari Singh's private library.
Political administration
He was appointed to the post of Chief Secretary in 1934, followed by Inspector General of Customs & Excise in 1935. In 1938, he was inducted as the "Political Advisor" to the Maharaja, and then as the Minister of Military Affairs in 1941. He held the role of "minister-in-waiting" for the Maharaja Hari Singh during 1942–1945. He served as the prime minister of Jammu and Kashmir from June 1945 until 11 August 1947, during the key transitional period when the British were preparing for departure from India.
1946
In 1946, as the National Conference (NC) began the Quit Kashmir movement against the Maharaja, Kak declared martial law and had all leaders arrested on 20 May. Sheikh Abdullah was soon sentenced to imprisonment for three years. Jawaharlal Nehru attempted to appear as his defence counsel but his entry to Srinagar was blocked by Kak on 21 July. Kak remained defiant despite multiple Congress leaders requesting him to have Abdullah released.
Kak, in an unpublished note on the accession-disputes, claims to have been ill-disposed to these pleas because the Indian National Congress (INC) had lent its "great weight of authority" to Abdullah's misplaced agitation; INC is castigated for publishing "highly coloured, inaccurate and vituperative statements" and passing resolutions against the Maharaja's government. These unfavorable views about INC would guide his (and Maharaja's) decision to not accede to India —rather than any fundamental objection to the accession itself—, next month.
In late July, Kak met with Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel —who was to become the home minister of the Interim Government of India— but discussions did not get very far. Patel advised that Sheikh Abdullah be released from prison and steps taken to improve relations between the ruler and the people much to the displeasure of Kak, who rejected Patel's authority and jurisdiction. Patel took offence at what he called the "cold, official touch-me-not attitude" and rejected supporting any plan involving complete independence for Kashmir.
Kak's initiative having ended in failure, the British Resident in Kashmir reported in November that Kashmir was likely to stay out of the Indian Union. The cited reason was "antagonism [...] displayed by a Congress Central Government".
1947
After the Partition of India was decided in June 1947, the decision on accession became imminent. Lord Mountbatten visited Kashmir in June (19–23 June) and coaxed the Maharaja as well as Kak to make a decision while guaranteeing the continuance of constitutional monarchy; on being asked by Kak about the "right choice", he implicitly hinted in favor of Pakistan. However, accession to Pakistan did not appeal to them — Kak's final position was that "since Kashmir would not accede to Pakistan, it could not accede to India". He advised the Maharaja that Kashmir should remain independent for at least a year, when the issue of accession could be considered.
Kak met the leaders of INC and Muslim League in New Delhi in July. Jinnah told him that Kashmir could hope to get far better terms if it acceded immediately rather than later, but Kak stood by his earlier position. Jinnah did not mind as long as it did not accede to India. Kak also met V. P. Menon, the secretary in charge of princely states for India, and claim to have convinced him about Kashmir's reasons for not acceding; India was also apparently requested to help with the state's 'security arrangements'. In contrast, Menon held Kak's replies to be evasive and noted that "he could neither understand the man [Kak] nor fathom his game". General Henry Scott, the Chief of Staff of State Forces, in his last report opined that Kak favored independence but closer ties with Pakistan.
On 1 August 1947, Gandhi visited Kashmir and pointed out to Kak how unpopular he was among the people and, in response, Kak had offered to resign. However, the Maharaja —who was increasingly against joining Pakistan due to a variety of reasons and trying to repair relationships with INC— is believed to have already decided, a few weeks earlier, to dismiss Kak for being an impediment in the process, and declare general amnesty to political prisoners.
Dismissal
Kak was dismissed as Prime Minister on 11 August 1947 in open-court and put under house arrest; he was replaced with Janak Singh. All senior officials such as the Chief Secretary, the Chief of the Army Staff, the Inspector General of Police were also replaced by less experienced people from the Maharaja's own community, in what Kak would describe as the "decapitation" of State administration. According to Scott, the Maharaja acted under influence of the Deputy Prime Minister M L. Batra, a Hindu swami, and the Maharani's brother Nachint Chand, all of whom wanted Kashmir to join India at the earliest. He returned to the Maharaja's service a few weeks later, though not as the prime minister.
On September 14, Singh informed Kak about mounting an official enquiry on 24 September; Kak declined to participate. On 16 September, Kak attempted to leave the state along with his family, having arranged a flight with help from Scott. But his departure was blocked by the Maharaja, and he was put under house arrest. With General Scott's support, his family was allowed to leave on 22 September.
Trial
After the tribal invasion in October, the Maharaja had moved to Jammu and finally released Sheikh Adbdullah, who was appointed as the Head of Emergency Administration in Srinagar. Kak's detention was continued and he was moved to the Badami Bagh. Kak's wife, Margaret Kak, lobbied with the Mountbattens arguing for Kak's release and even Stafford Cripps in London raised it with Jawaharlal Nehru. Sheikh Abdullah's administration maintained that they had evidence that Kak was hobnobbing with the Pakistani raiders and agents. In his autobiography, Sheikh Abdullah would praise Kak for maintaining good relations with the ruling circles in Pakistan — he noted that Kak had assessed that as a Muslim majority state, Kashmir was bound to accede to Pakistan and prepared to be in its service.
Kak was tied to hay-ropes and paraded through the streets, as NC aligned Kashmiris heckled him. In April 1948, he was tried for three criminal offenses — he was acquitted on two counts but convicted of the third, and jailed. He was pardoned (and released), arguably under pressure from Delhi, but on the condition that he may never enter Kashmir without permission of the state. Kak retired from public life, and migrated to Kasauli.
On 3 December 1959, the Chief Justice of Jammu and Kashmir High Court —Syed Murtaza Fazl Ali— voided the externment order but rejected his petition to be paid due pension (with arrears) since termination, amounting to Rs. 91466. The court held that the Government had exercised reasonable discretion in withholding pensions from someone, convicted of an offense involving moral turpitude. Kak returned back to Kashmir, and alternated between Srinagar and Kasauli.
Personal life
Ram Chandra Kak married Janaki Devi (b. 1894) in 1901. They had five sons —Shailendra, Narendra, Brijendra, Surendra, and Khemendra— and a daughter, who died in infancy. They adopted Kak's grand-niece Lila. Devi died in 1928, from tuberculosis.
In 1935, Kak married Margaret Mary. Khemendra, a pilot for the Royal Indian Air Force, died in 1945 of a air-crash near Risalpur; this affected Kak considerably.
Academics
Ram Chandra Kak was in possession of the two complete Sharada script copies of the Nilamata Purana, when a critical edition was being prepared by K. de Vreese.
Kak wrote a treatise on Kashmiri archaeology titled Ancient monuments of Kashmir in 1933; Francis Younghusband wrote the foreword to the book. The book focused on the destruction of temples by Muslim rulers to such an extent, that he was compelled by the publisher to expunge certain "irrelevant" passages lest communal harmony was affected; a chapter on political history of Kashmir portrayed the centuries of Islamic rule as "one of unmitigated plunder, barbarism, and iconoclasm." Historian Mridu Rai notes his work to fit into the usual scheme of the State Archaeological Department in privileging Hindus over the Muslims by various direct and indirect means; Ananya Jahanara Kabir reiterates such observations.
Books
Notes
References
Bibliography
External links
Jammu and Kashmir Dilemma of Accession (A Historical Analysis and Lesson) (Excerpts), Exotic India, 2018.
1893 births
1983 deaths
20th-century Indian archaeologists
Scientists from Jammu and Kashmir
Kashmiri people
Chief Ministers of Jammu and Kashmir
20th-century Indian politicians
Indian social sciences writers
People of the 1947 Kashmir conflict | [
"Ram Chandra Kak (5 June 1893 – 10 February 1983) was the prime minister of Jammu and Kashmir during 1945–1947.",
"One of the very few Kashmiri Pandits to ever hold that post, Kak had the intractable job of navigating the troubled waters of the transfer of power from British Raj to the independent dominions of India and Pakistan.",
"He handled the activism of the state's political parties, the National Conference and Muslim Conference, and warded off pressure from the new dominions for the accession of the state.",
"He advised the Maharaja to stay independent for at least a year before making the final decision.",
"His actions were highly unpopular with the state's activist Muslims, and he was dismissed from the post of prime minister shortly before the independence of India and Pakistan in August 1947.",
"Kak was also a pioneering archaeologist who excavated the major sites of antiquities in Kashmir Valley and wrote a definitive treatise on them.",
"Early life \nRam Chandra Kak was the second among seven children (four sons and three daughters) of Keshav Lal Kak (b.",
"1873) —a money-lender and part time trader— and Bhageshwari Devi.",
"He spent his early life in the Gurguri Mohalla of Srinagar.",
"Kak graduated from Sri Pratap College in 1913 and enrolled for a M. A., before being selected for training in archaeology.",
"From 1914 to 1919, Kak trained under John Marshall at various sites.",
"Career\nPost training, Kak was appointed as the superintendent of the newly established Department of Archaeology, before being promoted to the Director.",
"He also served as the curator of SPS Museum, and Librarian of Maharaja Hari Singh's private library.",
"Political administration \nHe was appointed to the post of Chief Secretary in 1934, followed by Inspector General of Customs & Excise in 1935.",
"In 1938, he was inducted as the \"Political Advisor\" to the Maharaja, and then as the Minister of Military Affairs in 1941.",
"He held the role of \"minister-in-waiting\" for the Maharaja Hari Singh during 1942–1945.",
"He served as the prime minister of Jammu and Kashmir from June 1945 until 11 August 1947, during the key transitional period when the British were preparing for departure from India.",
"1946 \nIn 1946, as the National Conference (NC) began the Quit Kashmir movement against the Maharaja, Kak declared martial law and had all leaders arrested on 20 May.",
"Sheikh Abdullah was soon sentenced to imprisonment for three years.",
"Jawaharlal Nehru attempted to appear as his defence counsel but his entry to Srinagar was blocked by Kak on 21 July.",
"Kak remained defiant despite multiple Congress leaders requesting him to have Abdullah released.",
"Kak, in an unpublished note on the accession-disputes, claims to have been ill-disposed to these pleas because the Indian National Congress (INC) had lent its \"great weight of authority\" to Abdullah's misplaced agitation; INC is castigated for publishing \"highly coloured, inaccurate and vituperative statements\" and passing resolutions against the Maharaja's government.",
"These unfavorable views about INC would guide his (and Maharaja's) decision to not accede to India —rather than any fundamental objection to the accession itself—, next month.",
"In late July, Kak met with Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel —who was to become the home minister of the Interim Government of India— but discussions did not get very far.",
"Patel advised that Sheikh Abdullah be released from prison and steps taken to improve relations between the ruler and the people much to the displeasure of Kak, who rejected Patel's authority and jurisdiction.",
"Patel took offence at what he called the \"cold, official touch-me-not attitude\" and rejected supporting any plan involving complete independence for Kashmir.",
"Kak's initiative having ended in failure, the British Resident in Kashmir reported in November that Kashmir was likely to stay out of the Indian Union.",
"The cited reason was \"antagonism [...] displayed by a Congress Central Government\".",
"1947 \nAfter the Partition of India was decided in June 1947, the decision on accession became imminent.",
"Lord Mountbatten visited Kashmir in June (19–23 June) and coaxed the Maharaja as well as Kak to make a decision while guaranteeing the continuance of constitutional monarchy; on being asked by Kak about the \"right choice\", he implicitly hinted in favor of Pakistan.",
"However, accession to Pakistan did not appeal to them — Kak's final position was that \"since Kashmir would not accede to Pakistan, it could not accede to India\".",
"He advised the Maharaja that Kashmir should remain independent for at least a year, when the issue of accession could be considered.",
"Kak met the leaders of INC and Muslim League in New Delhi in July.",
"Jinnah told him that Kashmir could hope to get far better terms if it acceded immediately rather than later, but Kak stood by his earlier position.",
"Jinnah did not mind as long as it did not accede to India.",
"Kak also met V. P. Menon, the secretary in charge of princely states for India, and claim to have convinced him about Kashmir's reasons for not acceding; India was also apparently requested to help with the state's 'security arrangements'.",
"In contrast, Menon held Kak's replies to be evasive and noted that \"he could neither understand the man [Kak] nor fathom his game\".",
"General Henry Scott, the Chief of Staff of State Forces, in his last report opined that Kak favored independence but closer ties with Pakistan.",
"On 1 August 1947, Gandhi visited Kashmir and pointed out to Kak how unpopular he was among the people and, in response, Kak had offered to resign.",
"However, the Maharaja —who was increasingly against joining Pakistan due to a variety of reasons and trying to repair relationships with INC— is believed to have already decided, a few weeks earlier, to dismiss Kak for being an impediment in the process, and declare general amnesty to political prisoners.",
"Dismissal \nKak was dismissed as Prime Minister on 11 August 1947 in open-court and put under house arrest; he was replaced with Janak Singh.",
"All senior officials such as the Chief Secretary, the Chief of the Army Staff, the Inspector General of Police were also replaced by less experienced people from the Maharaja's own community, in what Kak would describe as the \"decapitation\" of State administration.",
"According to Scott, the Maharaja acted under influence of the Deputy Prime Minister M L. Batra, a Hindu swami, and the Maharani's brother Nachint Chand, all of whom wanted Kashmir to join India at the earliest.",
"He returned to the Maharaja's service a few weeks later, though not as the prime minister.",
"On September 14, Singh informed Kak about mounting an official enquiry on 24 September; Kak declined to participate.",
"On 16 September, Kak attempted to leave the state along with his family, having arranged a flight with help from Scott.",
"But his departure was blocked by the Maharaja, and he was put under house arrest.",
"With General Scott's support, his family was allowed to leave on 22 September.",
"Trial \nAfter the tribal invasion in October, the Maharaja had moved to Jammu and finally released Sheikh Adbdullah, who was appointed as the Head of Emergency Administration in Srinagar.",
"Kak's detention was continued and he was moved to the Badami Bagh.",
"Kak's wife, Margaret Kak, lobbied with the Mountbattens arguing for Kak's release and even Stafford Cripps in London raised it with Jawaharlal Nehru.",
"Sheikh Abdullah's administration maintained that they had evidence that Kak was hobnobbing with the Pakistani raiders and agents.",
"In his autobiography, Sheikh Abdullah would praise Kak for maintaining good relations with the ruling circles in Pakistan — he noted that Kak had assessed that as a Muslim majority state, Kashmir was bound to accede to Pakistan and prepared to be in its service.",
"Kak was tied to hay-ropes and paraded through the streets, as NC aligned Kashmiris heckled him.",
"In April 1948, he was tried for three criminal offenses — he was acquitted on two counts but convicted of the third, and jailed.",
"He was pardoned (and released), arguably under pressure from Delhi, but on the condition that he may never enter Kashmir without permission of the state.",
"Kak retired from public life, and migrated to Kasauli.",
"On 3 December 1959, the Chief Justice of Jammu and Kashmir High Court —Syed Murtaza Fazl Ali— voided the externment order but rejected his petition to be paid due pension (with arrears) since termination, amounting to Rs.",
"91466.",
"The court held that the Government had exercised reasonable discretion in withholding pensions from someone, convicted of an offense involving moral turpitude.",
"Kak returned back to Kashmir, and alternated between Srinagar and Kasauli.",
"Personal life \nRam Chandra Kak married Janaki Devi (b.",
"1894) in 1901.",
"They had five sons —Shailendra, Narendra, Brijendra, Surendra, and Khemendra— and a daughter, who died in infancy.",
"They adopted Kak's grand-niece Lila.",
"Devi died in 1928, from tuberculosis.",
"In 1935, Kak married Margaret Mary.",
"Khemendra, a pilot for the Royal Indian Air Force, died in 1945 of a air-crash near Risalpur; this affected Kak considerably.",
"Academics\nRam Chandra Kak was in possession of the two complete Sharada script copies of the Nilamata Purana, when a critical edition was being prepared by K. de Vreese.",
"Kak wrote a treatise on Kashmiri archaeology titled Ancient monuments of Kashmir in 1933; Francis Younghusband wrote the foreword to the book.",
"The book focused on the destruction of temples by Muslim rulers to such an extent, that he was compelled by the publisher to expunge certain \"irrelevant\" passages lest communal harmony was affected; a chapter on political history of Kashmir portrayed the centuries of Islamic rule as \"one of unmitigated plunder, barbarism, and iconoclasm.\"",
"Historian Mridu Rai notes his work to fit into the usual scheme of the State Archaeological Department in privileging Hindus over the Muslims by various direct and indirect means; Ananya Jahanara Kabir reiterates such observations.",
"Books\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nBibliography\n\nExternal links \n Jammu and Kashmir Dilemma of Accession (A Historical Analysis and Lesson) (Excerpts), Exotic India, 2018.",
"1893 births\n1983 deaths\n20th-century Indian archaeologists\nScientists from Jammu and Kashmir\nKashmiri people\nChief Ministers of Jammu and Kashmir\n20th-century Indian politicians\nIndian social sciences writers\nPeople of the 1947 Kashmir conflict"
] | [
"The prime minister of Jammu and Kashmir was Ram Chandra Kak.",
"The job of navigating the transfer of power from British Raj to the independent dominions of India and Pakistan was held by one of the few Kashmiri Pandits.",
"He warded off pressure from the new dominions for the accession of the state by handling the activism of the state's political parties.",
"He told the Maharaja to stay independent for a year before making a decision.",
"His actions were highly unpopular with the state's activist Muslims, and he was dismissed from the post of prime minister shortly before the independence of India and Pakistan in August 1947.",
"The major sites of antiquities in Kashmir Valley were excavated and written about by Kak.",
"Ram Chandra Kak was the second child among seven children.",
"A money lender and part time trader.",
"He spent his formative years in Srinagar.",
"After graduating from Sri Pratap College in 1913, Kak was selected for training in archaeology.",
"John Marshall trained Kak at various sites from 1914 to 1919.",
"Before being promoted to the Director of the Department of Archaeology, Kak was appointed as the Supt. of the newly established Department of Archaeology.",
"He was the Librarian of Hari Singh's private library.",
"The Inspector General of Customs & Excise was appointed in 1935.",
"He served as the Minister of Military Affairs in 1941.",
"He was the \"minister-in-waiting\" for the Maharaja Hari Singh.",
"He was the prime minister of Jammu and Kashmir from 1945 until 1947 when the British were about to leave India.",
"In 1946, as the National Conference began the Quit Kashmir movement, Kak declared martial law and had all leaders arrested.",
"Sheikh Abdullah was sentenced to three years in prison.",
"Nehru tried to enter Srinagar as his defence counsel but his entry was blocked.",
"Kak was defiant despite being requested by Congress leaders to release Abdullah.",
"The Indian National Congress had lent its \"great weight of authority\" to the misguided demands of the Jammu and Kashmir Chief Minister, claims a note on the accession-disputes.",
"Maharaja's decision to not accede to India would be influenced by these unfavorable views about INC, rather than any fundamental objection to the accession itself.",
"The home minister of the Interim Government of India was to become the subject of discussions, but they did not get very far.",
"The ruler should be released from prison and steps taken to improve relations with the people in order to appease the ruler's detractors.",
"The \"cold, official touch-me-not attitude\" of what he called the \"cold, official touch-me-not attitude\" of what he called the \"cold, official touch-me-not attitude\" of what he called the \"cold, official touch-me-not",
"The British Resident in Kashmir reported in November that Kashmir was likely to stay out of the Indian Union.",
"The reason was \"antagonism\" displayed by the Congress Central Government.",
"The decision on accession became imminent after the partition of India.",
"During his visit to Kashmir in June, Lord Mountbatten pressed the Maharaja to make a decision while guaranteeing the continuation of the constitutional monarchy, but on being asked about the \"right choice\", he implied that he was in favor of Pakistan.",
"Although accession to Pakistan did not appeal to them, they did not want Kashmir to join Pakistan.",
"When the issue of accession could be considered, he advised the Maharaja to remain independent for at least a year.",
"In New Delhi in July, Kak met the leaders of the Muslim League.",
"Jinnah told him that Kashmir could hope to get better terms if it accepted immediately rather than later.",
"Jinnah didn't mind if it didn't accede to India.",
"The secretary in charge of princely states for India, V. P. Menon, claims to have convinced him about Kashmir's reasons for not acceding; India was also requested to help with the state's security arrangements.",
"Menon held Kak's replies evasive and noted that he couldn't comprehend the man or his game.",
"General Henry Scott, the Chief of Staff of State Forces, said in his last report that Kak favored independence but closer ties with Pakistan.",
"On 1 August 1947, Gandhi visited Kashmir and pointed out to Kak how unpopular he was among the people and, in response, he offered to resign.",
"The Maharaja, who was against joining Pakistan due to a variety of reasons, decided a few weeks ago to dismiss Kak and grant general amnesty to political prisoners.",
"On August 11, 1947, the dismissed Prime Minister was put under house arrest and replaced by Janak Singh.",
"All senior officials such as the Chief Secretary, the Chief of the Army Staff, the Inspector General of Police were replaced by less experienced people from the Maharaja's own community.",
"The deputy prime minister, a Hindu swami, and the Maharani's brother wanted Kashmir to join India at the earliest.",
"He returned to the Maharaja's service a few weeks later, but not as the prime minister.",
"Singh told Kak about the official inquiry on September 14, but he didn't participate.",
"On 16 September, Kak and his family tried to leave the state with help from Scott.",
"He was put under house arrest because his departure was blocked.",
"General Scott helped his family leave on September 22.",
"After the tribal invasion in October, the Maharaja moved to Jammu and released Sheikh Adbdullah, who was appointed as the Head of Emergency Administration in Srinagar.",
"The Badami Bagh was where Kak was moved.",
"Margaret Kak fought for her husband's release and even fought for it with Jawaharlal Nehru.",
"According to Sheikh Abdullah's administration, there was evidence that Kak was working with the Pakistan raiders and agents.",
"Sheikh Abdullah praised Kak for maintaining good relations with the ruling circles in Pakistan, noting that he had assessed that as a Muslim majority state, Kashmir was bound to accede to Pakistan and prepared to be in its service.",
"NC aligned Kashmiris heckled him as he was tied to hay-ropes and paraded through the streets.",
"He was acquitted on two counts but convicted on the third and was jailed.",
"Under pressure from Delhi, he was pardoned and released, but only if he did not enter Kashmir without permission of the state.",
"Kak moved to Kasauli after retiring from public life.",
"On December 3, 1959 the Chief Justice of Jammu and Kashmir High Court voided the externment order but rejected his petition to be paid due pension.",
"91466",
"The court held that the Government had the right to deny pensions to someone who had been convicted of a moral turpitude offense.",
"Srinagar and Kasauli were alternated between.",
"Ram Chandra Kak was married to Janaki Devi.",
"In 1901.",
"They had five sons and a daughter who died in infancy.",
"They adopted a family member.",
"There was a death from Tuberculosis in 1928.",
"Margaret Mary was married to Kak in 1935.",
"In 1945 a pilot for the Royal Indian Air Force named Khemendra died in a crash.",
"The critical edition of the Nilamata Purana was being prepared by K. de Vreese, who was in possession of two complete Sharada script copies.",
"The foreword to the book was written by Francis Younghusband.",
"The book focused on the destruction of temples by Muslim rulers to such an extent that he was compelled by the publisher to expunge certain \"irrelevant\" passages.",
"Historian Mridu Rai notes his work to fit into the usual scheme of the State Archaeological Department in privileging Hindus over the Muslims by various direct and indirect means.",
"The Jammu and Kashmir Dilemma of Accession (A Historical Analysis and Lesson) is an excerpt from Exotic India.",
"Scientists from Jammu and Kashmir and politicians from India were involved in the 1947 Kashmir conflict."
] | <mask> (5 June 1893 – 10 February 1983) was the prime minister of Jammu and Kashmir during 1945–1947. One of the very few Kashmiri Pandits to ever hold that post, Kak had the intractable job of navigating the troubled waters of the transfer of power from British Raj to the independent dominions of India and Pakistan. He handled the activism of the state's political parties, the National Conference and Muslim Conference, and warded off pressure from the new dominions for the accession of the state. He advised the Maharaja to stay independent for at least a year before making the final decision. His actions were highly unpopular with the state's activist Muslims, and he was dismissed from the post of prime minister shortly before the independence of India and Pakistan in August 1947. <mask> was also a pioneering archaeologist who excavated the major sites of antiquities in Kashmir Valley and wrote a definitive treatise on them. Early life
<mask> was the second among seven children (four sons and three daughters) of <mask> (b.1873) —a money-lender and part time trader— and Bhageshwari Devi. He spent his early life in the Gurguri Mohalla of Srinagar. Kak graduated from Sri Pratap College in 1913 and enrolled for a M. A., before being selected for training in archaeology. From 1914 to 1919, Kak trained under John Marshall at various sites. Career
Post training, Kak was appointed as the superintendent of the newly established Department of Archaeology, before being promoted to the Director. He also served as the curator of SPS Museum, and Librarian of Maharaja Hari Singh's private library. Political administration
He was appointed to the post of Chief Secretary in 1934, followed by Inspector General of Customs & Excise in 1935.In 1938, he was inducted as the "Political Advisor" to the Maharaja, and then as the Minister of Military Affairs in 1941. He held the role of "minister-in-waiting" for the Maharaja Hari Singh during 1942–1945. He served as the prime minister of Jammu and Kashmir from June 1945 until 11 August 1947, during the key transitional period when the British were preparing for departure from India. 1946
In 1946, as the National Conference (NC) began the Quit Kashmir movement against the Maharaja, Kak declared martial law and had all leaders arrested on 20 May. Sheikh Abdullah was soon sentenced to imprisonment for three years. Jawaharlal Nehru attempted to appear as his defence counsel but his entry to Srinagar was blocked by Kak on 21 July. Kak remained defiant despite multiple Congress leaders requesting him to have Abdullah released.<mask>, in an unpublished note on the accession-disputes, claims to have been ill-disposed to these pleas because the Indian National Congress (INC) had lent its "great weight of authority" to Abdullah's misplaced agitation; INC is castigated for publishing "highly coloured, inaccurate and vituperative statements" and passing resolutions against the Maharaja's government. These unfavorable views about INC would guide his (and Maharaja's) decision to not accede to India —rather than any fundamental objection to the accession itself—, next month. In late July, <mask> met with Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel —who was to become the home minister of the Interim Government of India— but discussions did not get very far. Patel advised that Sheikh Abdullah be released from prison and steps taken to improve relations between the ruler and the people much to the displeasure of <mask>, who rejected Patel's authority and jurisdiction. Patel took offence at what he called the "cold, official touch-me-not attitude" and rejected supporting any plan involving complete independence for Kashmir. <mask>'s initiative having ended in failure, the British Resident in Kashmir reported in November that Kashmir was likely to stay out of the Indian Union. The cited reason was "antagonism [...] displayed by a Congress Central Government".1947
After the Partition of India was decided in June 1947, the decision on accession became imminent. Lord Mountbatten visited Kashmir in June (19–23 June) and coaxed the Maharaja as well as <mask> to make a decision while guaranteeing the continuance of constitutional monarchy; on being asked by Kak about the "right choice", he implicitly hinted in favor of Pakistan. However, accession to Pakistan did not appeal to them — <mask>'s final position was that "since Kashmir would not accede to Pakistan, it could not accede to India". He advised the Maharaja that Kashmir should remain independent for at least a year, when the issue of accession could be considered. <mask> met the leaders of INC and Muslim League in New Delhi in July. Jinnah told him that Kashmir could hope to get far better terms if it acceded immediately rather than later, but <mask> stood by his earlier position. Jinnah did not mind as long as it did not accede to India.Kak also met V. P. Menon, the secretary in charge of princely states for India, and claim to have convinced him about Kashmir's reasons for not acceding; India was also apparently requested to help with the state's 'security arrangements'. In contrast, Menon held Kak's replies to be evasive and noted that "he could neither understand the man [Kak] nor fathom his game". General Henry Scott, the Chief of Staff of State Forces, in his last report opined that Kak favored independence but closer ties with Pakistan. On 1 August 1947, Gandhi visited Kashmir and pointed out to Kak how unpopular he was among the people and, in response, Kak had offered to resign. However, the Maharaja —who was increasingly against joining Pakistan due to a variety of reasons and trying to repair relationships with INC— is believed to have already decided, a few weeks earlier, to dismiss Kak for being an impediment in the process, and declare general amnesty to political prisoners. Dismissal
<mask> was dismissed as Prime Minister on 11 August 1947 in open-court and put under house arrest; he was replaced with Janak Singh. All senior officials such as the Chief Secretary, the Chief of the Army Staff, the Inspector General of Police were also replaced by less experienced people from the Maharaja's own community, in what Kak would describe as the "decapitation" of State administration.According to Scott, the Maharaja acted under influence of the Deputy Prime Minister M L. Batra, a Hindu swami, and the Maharani's brother Nachint Chand, all of whom wanted Kashmir to join India at the earliest. He returned to the Maharaja's service a few weeks later, though not as the prime minister. On September 14, Singh informed Kak about mounting an official enquiry on 24 September; Kak declined to participate. On 16 September, Kak attempted to leave the state along with his family, having arranged a flight with help from Scott. But his departure was blocked by the Maharaja, and he was put under house arrest. With General Scott's support, his family was allowed to leave on 22 September. Trial
After the tribal invasion in October, the Maharaja had moved to Jammu and finally released Sheikh Adbdullah, who was appointed as the Head of Emergency Administration in Srinagar.Kak's detention was continued and he was moved to the Badami Bagh. <mask>'s wife, <mask>, lobbied with the Mountbattens arguing for Kak's release and even Stafford Cripps in London raised it with Jawaharlal Nehru. Sheikh Abdullah's administration maintained that they had evidence that Kak was hobnobbing with the Pakistani raiders and agents. In his autobiography, Sheikh Abdullah would praise Kak for maintaining good relations with the ruling circles in Pakistan — he noted that Kak had assessed that as a Muslim majority state, Kashmir was bound to accede to Pakistan and prepared to be in its service. Kak was tied to hay-ropes and paraded through the streets, as NC aligned Kashmiris heckled him. In April 1948, he was tried for three criminal offenses — he was acquitted on two counts but convicted of the third, and jailed. He was pardoned (and released), arguably under pressure from Delhi, but on the condition that he may never enter Kashmir without permission of the state.Kak retired from public life, and migrated to Kasauli. On 3 December 1959, the Chief Justice of Jammu and Kashmir High Court —Syed Murtaza Fazl Ali— voided the externment order but rejected his petition to be paid due pension (with arrears) since termination, amounting to Rs. 91466. The court held that the Government had exercised reasonable discretion in withholding pensions from someone, convicted of an offense involving moral turpitude. <mask> returned back to Kashmir, and alternated between Srinagar and Kasauli. Personal life
<mask> <mask> married Janaki Devi (b. 1894) in 1901.They had five sons —Shailendra, Narendra, Brijendra, Surendra, and Khemendra— and a daughter, who died in infancy. They adopted <mask>'s grand-niece Lila. Devi died in 1928, from tuberculosis. In 1935, <mask> married Margaret Mary. Khemendra, a pilot for the Royal Indian Air Force, died in 1945 of a air-crash near Risalpur; this affected <mask> considerably. Academics
<mask> <mask> was in possession of the two complete Sharada script copies of the Nilamata Purana, when a critical edition was being prepared by K. de Vreese. Kak wrote a treatise on Kashmiri archaeology titled Ancient monuments of Kashmir in 1933; Francis Younghusband wrote the foreword to the book.The book focused on the destruction of temples by Muslim rulers to such an extent, that he was compelled by the publisher to expunge certain "irrelevant" passages lest communal harmony was affected; a chapter on political history of Kashmir portrayed the centuries of Islamic rule as "one of unmitigated plunder, barbarism, and iconoclasm." Historian Mridu Rai notes his work to fit into the usual scheme of the State Archaeological Department in privileging Hindus over the Muslims by various direct and indirect means; Ananya Jahanara Kabir reiterates such observations. Books
Notes
References
Bibliography
External links
Jammu and Kashmir Dilemma of Accession (A Historical Analysis and Lesson) (Excerpts), Exotic India, 2018. 1893 births
1983 deaths
20th-century Indian archaeologists
Scientists from Jammu and Kashmir
Kashmiri people
Chief Ministers of Jammu and Kashmir
20th-century Indian politicians
Indian social sciences writers
People of the 1947 Kashmir conflict | [
"Ram Chandra Kak",
"Kak",
"Ram Chandra Kak",
"Keshav Lal Kak",
"Kak",
"Kak",
"Kak",
"Kak",
"Kak",
"Kak",
"Kak",
"Kak",
"Kak",
"Kak",
"Margaret Kak",
"Kak",
"Ram Chandra",
"Kak",
"Kak",
"Kak",
"Kak",
"Ram Chandra",
"Kak"
] | The prime minister of Jammu and Kashmir was <mask>. The job of navigating the transfer of power from British Raj to the independent dominions of India and Pakistan was held by one of the few Kashmiri Pandits. He warded off pressure from the new dominions for the accession of the state by handling the activism of the state's political parties. He told the Maharaja to stay independent for a year before making a decision. His actions were highly unpopular with the state's activist Muslims, and he was dismissed from the post of prime minister shortly before the independence of India and Pakistan in August 1947. The major sites of antiquities in Kashmir Valley were excavated and written about by Kak. <mask> was the second child among seven children.A money lender and part time trader. He spent his formative years in Srinagar. After graduating from Sri Pratap College in 1913, Kak was selected for training in archaeology. John Marshall trained Kak at various sites from 1914 to 1919. Before being promoted to the Director of the Department of Archaeology, Kak was appointed as the Supt. of the newly established Department of Archaeology. He was the Librarian of Hari Singh's private library. The Inspector General of Customs & Excise was appointed in 1935.He served as the Minister of Military Affairs in 1941. He was the "minister-in-waiting" for the Maharaja Hari Singh. He was the prime minister of Jammu and Kashmir from 1945 until 1947 when the British were about to leave India. In 1946, as the National Conference began the Quit Kashmir movement, Kak declared martial law and had all leaders arrested. Sheikh Abdullah was sentenced to three years in prison. Nehru tried to enter Srinagar as his defence counsel but his entry was blocked. Kak was defiant despite being requested by Congress leaders to release Abdullah.The Indian National Congress had lent its "great weight of authority" to the misguided demands of the Jammu and Kashmir Chief Minister, claims a note on the accession-disputes. Maharaja's decision to not accede to India would be influenced by these unfavorable views about INC, rather than any fundamental objection to the accession itself. The home minister of the Interim Government of India was to become the subject of discussions, but they did not get very far. The ruler should be released from prison and steps taken to improve relations with the people in order to appease the ruler's detractors. The "cold, official touch-me-not attitude" of what he called the "cold, official touch-me-not attitude" of what he called the "cold, official touch-me-not attitude" of what he called the "cold, official touch-me-not The British Resident in Kashmir reported in November that Kashmir was likely to stay out of the Indian Union. The reason was "antagonism" displayed by the Congress Central Government.The decision on accession became imminent after the partition of India. During his visit to Kashmir in June, Lord Mountbatten pressed the Maharaja to make a decision while guaranteeing the continuation of the constitutional monarchy, but on being asked about the "right choice", he implied that he was in favor of Pakistan. Although accession to Pakistan did not appeal to them, they did not want Kashmir to join Pakistan. When the issue of accession could be considered, he advised the Maharaja to remain independent for at least a year. In New Delhi in July, Kak met the leaders of the Muslim League. Jinnah told him that Kashmir could hope to get better terms if it accepted immediately rather than later. Jinnah didn't mind if it didn't accede to India.The secretary in charge of princely states for India, V. P. Menon, claims to have convinced him about Kashmir's reasons for not acceding; India was also requested to help with the state's security arrangements. Menon held Kak's replies evasive and noted that he couldn't comprehend the man or his game. General Henry Scott, the Chief of Staff of State Forces, said in his last report that Kak favored independence but closer ties with Pakistan. On 1 August 1947, Gandhi visited Kashmir and pointed out to Kak how unpopular he was among the people and, in response, he offered to resign. The Maharaja, who was against joining Pakistan due to a variety of reasons, decided a few weeks ago to dismiss Kak and grant general amnesty to political prisoners. On August 11, 1947, the dismissed Prime Minister was put under house arrest and replaced by Janak Singh. All senior officials such as the Chief Secretary, the Chief of the Army Staff, the Inspector General of Police were replaced by less experienced people from the Maharaja's own community.The deputy prime minister, a Hindu swami, and the Maharani's brother wanted Kashmir to join India at the earliest. He returned to the Maharaja's service a few weeks later, but not as the prime minister. Singh told Kak about the official inquiry on September 14, but he didn't participate. On 16 September, <mask> and his family tried to leave the state with help from Scott. He was put under house arrest because his departure was blocked. General Scott helped his family leave on September 22. After the tribal invasion in October, the Maharaja moved to Jammu and released Sheikh Adbdullah, who was appointed as the Head of Emergency Administration in Srinagar.The Badami Bagh was where Kak was moved. <mask> fought for her husband's release and even fought for it with Jawaharlal Nehru. According to Sheikh Abdullah's administration, there was evidence that Kak was working with the Pakistan raiders and agents. Sheikh Abdullah praised Kak for maintaining good relations with the ruling circles in Pakistan, noting that he had assessed that as a Muslim majority state, Kashmir was bound to accede to Pakistan and prepared to be in its service. NC aligned Kashmiris heckled him as he was tied to hay-ropes and paraded through the streets. He was acquitted on two counts but convicted on the third and was jailed. Under pressure from Delhi, he was pardoned and released, but only if he did not enter Kashmir without permission of the state.<mask> moved to Kasauli after retiring from public life. On December 3, 1959 the Chief Justice of Jammu and Kashmir High Court voided the externment order but rejected his petition to be paid due pension. 91466 The court held that the Government had the right to deny pensions to someone who had been convicted of a moral turpitude offense. Srinagar and Kasauli were alternated between. <mask> <mask> was married to Janaki Devi. In 1901.They had five sons and a daughter who died in infancy. They adopted a family member. There was a death from Tuberculosis in 1928. Margaret Mary was married to <mask> in 1935. In 1945 a pilot for the Royal Indian Air Force named Khemendra died in a crash. The critical edition of the Nilamata Purana was being prepared by K. de Vreese, who was in possession of two complete Sharada script copies. The foreword to the book was written by Francis Younghusband.The book focused on the destruction of temples by Muslim rulers to such an extent that he was compelled by the publisher to expunge certain "irrelevant" passages. Historian Mridu Rai notes his work to fit into the usual scheme of the State Archaeological Department in privileging Hindus over the Muslims by various direct and indirect means. The Jammu and Kashmir Dilemma of Accession (A Historical Analysis and Lesson) is an excerpt from Exotic India. Scientists from Jammu and Kashmir and politicians from India were involved in the 1947 Kashmir conflict. | [
"Ram Chandra Kak",
"Ram Chandra Kak",
"Kak",
"Margaret Kak",
"Kak",
"Ram Chandra",
"Kak",
"Kak"
] |
29076947 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene%20Pierson | Gene Pierson | Gene Pierson (born Giancarlo Salvestrin, 29 April 1946) is a musician, who had an early solo career in New Zealand and then in Australia. His 1960s and early 1970s songs, "Love, Love, Love", "You Got to Me" and "Reach Out", achieved local chart success in Australia and New Zealand. He launched AC/DC at Chequers on New Year's Eve 1974 and later became a publisher and music producer in Australia.
His more recent business ventures include the acquisition of the Peter Lik Publishing Group, founding the Lifestyle Music label distributed by Sony Music Australia, and founding Music Hive, an online streaming service for retailers.
Biography
Gene Pierson was born Giancarlo Salvestrin (29 April 1946) in Venice. In 1949 his father, Ernesto, migrated to Australia and in January 1950, at the age of four, Pierson and his mother followed, settling in Griffith, New South Wales.
Early career
In 1963 Pierson, under the stage name Gene Chandler, won a talent quest at Skelseys Hotel, singing "Mashed Potato", in the western suburbs of Sydney, which was the beginning of his career in the entertainment business. He was given a regular solo spot at the hotel, where he was approached by guitarist Graham Ford to become the fifth member of a Western Suburbs band, The Inturns.
The Inturns were subsequently managed by Eileen Harrigan, the wife of John Harrigan, who owned Surf City in Kings Cross and managed a number of leading "beat" bands in Sydney. The Inturns supported a number of popular local acts, including Billy Thorpe & The Aztecs, and Ray Brown & The Whispers as well as headlining at Suzi Wong's The Beach House and Stagecoach venues.
Pierson was then offered a six-month resident spot at The Bowl nightclub in Pitt Street, Sydney.
In December 1965 Pierson received news that his father, Ernesto, had a brain tumour and meanwhile Pierson was due to be conscripted into the army to serve in Vietnam. He was due to report to Duntroon military base within days however, following advice from The La De Das guitarist Kevin Borich, he travelled to New Zealand, which had no passport requirement, thereby evading his conscription.
Running low on cash in Auckland, he bluffed his way into the Galaxie nightclub, saying he was Gene Chandler, a top performer from Sydney, and would do a guest spot for free entry. In the audience was Eldred Stebbing who managed and recorded Ray Columbus, Max Merritt & The Meteors and the La De Das on his Zodiac label.
Stebbing was impressed and ended up managing Pierson encouraging him to change his stage name as there was already a US singer named Gene Chandler (aka "Duke of Earl"). The story is that Stebbing spotted a poster for Pearson's Soap over the singer's shoulder and both agreed with a change in spelling to Pierson. After signing with Stebbing's Zodiac label, temporary accommodation was arranged and Salvestrin (now Pierson) had a regular gig and income. He also appeared regularly with Wellington group, Cheshire Katt.
Pierson had success with a Bobby Hebb song, "Love, Love Love"/"Celeste", which become a number one hit on the Radio Hauraki charts in October 1967. This was followed by "You Got To Me"/"Rainy Day in June" which reached number two spot. This was first time anyone had done a cover version of a Neil Diamond song outside of the US – a medal commemorating this was later presented to Pierson by Diamond's manager. Both singles were also released in Australia on the Philips label. In 1968 Pierson released, "Toyland"/"Matchstick in a Whirlpool", which originally recorded by UK group Alan Bown Set featuring Robert Palmer on vocals, which was then followed later that year by "If You Only Loved Me"/"Just One Tender Look", neither of which had the same success as the earlier singles.
Pierson was featured in Playdate, Groove and a number of women's magazines, alongside the British and American pop stars of the time. He was working four nights a week, regularly appearing on television and touring with artists including Tommy Adderley, Larry's Rebels, Shane, The Chicks, Simple Image and the La De Das.
In 1969 he switched labels to Festival Records releasing "Leaving on a Jet Plane"/"I Ain't No Miracle Worker" and in 1970 a cover of the Four Tops song "Reach Out"/"Oh Sweet Lord", which received airplay in Australia and became a minor chart success over there, reaching No. 12 on the Sydney charts.
Returning to Australia
During the recording of an album with producer and blind keyboard player Claude Papesch, Gene Pierson learned of his father's death and returned to Australia for the funeral.
He quickly leveraged his New Zealand success, signing with Festival Records and releasing a psychedelic make-over of the Four Tops song "Reach Out", backed by New Zealand's Simple Image who were resident in Sydney at the time.
However, a long-standing disagreement between radio stations and record labels put an end to the song's journey up the charts. Record companies were refusing to supply free new release records unless radio stations agreed to pay a new royalty, resulting in a six-month radio ban on airplay for Australian and British recordings released by major labels.
As part of his contract Pierson released "See My Way"/"Teach Me How To Fly" on the Infinity label in 1970, followed in 1971 by "Story"/"Bye Bye Love" and "Come on In"/"The Only Living Boy in New York". He then ended his contract with Festival and went on to co-host the nationwide weekly pop gossip programme the Today Show with Bruce Webster and Patty Lovell, which led to the first video music TV show on Channel 7 called Sounds.
The same year, he also hosted his own weekly segment, Today Pop, on Channel 7’s Today Show and wrote for Go-Set pop paper. For the publication he covered Elton John's first concert at the Troubador in Los Angeles, interviewed musicians Lou Rawls and Tina Turner, and promoted his version of "The Only Living Boy in New York", taking guest spots on the casino circuit in Los Angeles and San Francisco and appearing on Metro Media TV.
Record production
Pierson discovered there was an upside to the 1970 music ban that so harshly impacted local artists recording their own material. Australian acts could still cover versions of British hits that might otherwise be ignored.
To capitalise on that loophole he formed Chart Records which released a number of songs, including a cover by Sydney band, Autumn of Christie's "Yellow River", and their collaboration with Dave Allenby of Edison Lighthouse's "She Works in A Woman's Way", which both reached the top ten on the local music charts. Also achieving chart success was a re-release of his earlier single, "Love, Love, Love", which reached No. 38 on the Go-Set Australian National Charts in May 1970.
Concurrently Pierson became entertainment manager for John Harrigan's Sydney Bistros, which operated the largest nightclubs in Australia including Whiskey Au Go Go, Chequers and Stagecoach in Sydney. He booked Sammy Davis Jr, Frank Sinatra, Shirley Bassey, Trini Lopez and Dusty Springfield.
When interest in middle of the road artists began to recede, Pierson championed a move to bring rock and roll into the clubs. He stimulated the success of a new wave of bands including Lobby Loyde & the Coloured Balls, John Paul Young, Jeff St John, Blackfeather, Cold Chisel, Sebastian Hardie and Chain. He established new groups at Chequers including Sherbet who soon moved from house band to main drawcard.
In 1995, Gene Pierson and Village People’s drummer Allen Murphy visited Maningrida, an Australian Aboriginal community in Arnhem Land where they recorded indigenous talent such as the Sunrise Band, the Mimi Dancers, and the Letterstick Band. A limited edition compilation album was released on Pierson’s label Ocean Music that year. In January, 2016, the recording was remastered for the album “Demurru Hits”.
Booking agent
Pierson booked shows for AC/DC who were being promoted by Ray Arnold and his partner Alan Kissack. The band were booked into Chequers nightclub,. however, venue management had never heard such a loud band and refused to have them back. Pierson booking them at various venues including the Bondi Lifesaver at 56 Ebley St. Bondi Junction.
He played a role in having Ted Albert of Albert Productions listen to AC/DC, who later signed with Albert Music. Pierson introduced the band to programme director of rock station 2SM, Rod Muir, who booked them for the station's school holiday concerts back at Chequers.
Pierson managed Johnny O'Keefe for a time, running a series of sell out rock and roll concerts at Paddington Town Hall which featured a range of guest artists including Ray Columbus, Johnny Devlin, Jade Hurley and Judy Stone.
During his time working with Sydney Bistros, Gene Pierson was introduced to British entrepreneur as an agent to rock bands including English band Black Sabbath, Don Arden, the father of Sharon Osbourne, who was at the time managing Electric Light Orchestra (ELO) and booking acts through Chequers nightclub. Ardern had heard the song Love and Other Bruises by Air Supply and wanted access to them. Pierson brokered a deal between Ardern and the band's management resulting in the band heading to US where they had strong chart success.
Around this time Pierson reconnected with members of his former band The Inturns who had engaged guitarist Mario Millo (ex-The Click) as the band's keyboard player and changed their name to Sebastian Hardie. He managed the symphonic rock unit and booked them to tour Australia with Dutch progrockers Focus. This helped the band achieve national exposure and led to the recording of the band's successful debut album, Four Moments in August 1975.
During this period Pierson had a regular showbiz column in the Sunday Mirror called "As It Is".
The most important rock festivals in Australia during the 1970s were the four Sunbury Festivals held in a natural amphitheater outside Melbourne. The organizer, Odessa Promotions, hired Gene Pierson to co-compare the 1974 Sunbury Festival. This was the year that Pierson introduced Britain's up-and-coming group Queen to a hostile audience who were chanting for Australian artists. Queen finished their set despite being booed.
Record labels
Pierson established his own agency called Blue Heaven, booking top Australian bands around Sydney pubs and clubs. He then merged this with a new publishing operation run out of Kerry Packer's Nine Network in Sydney. It was here that the Living Sound and Laser Records labels handled artists including Dark Tan, Geeza, Squeeze, Bobby Thomas, Trevor Knight, Julie Bower, Frankie Davidson, Australia and Southern Cross.
In the late-1970s he arranged a contract with established singer Judy Stone for concerts in Beijing resulting in strong record sales throughout mainland China. He also brokered a deal between INXS band manager Chris Murphy and Morrie Smith of RCA for international distribution.
Pierson produced and recorded all-girl group Peaches single, "Substitute", which peaked at number 15 on the Kent Music Report in 1978 on the Laser Records label.
Pierson purchased the rights for the Laser label and struck a distribution deal with Eldred Stebbing and Polygram Records. Pierson released the music of Th' Dudes and Hello Sailor in Australia through the Big Mouth label and launched their careers in Australia with an appearance at the opening of Sydney radio station 2WS.
Pierson produced two hit singles for singer Melissa Tkautz from the TV series E Street, released on his Laser Music label through Polygram. He had the single "Read My Lips" written for her by Roy Nicholson which became an Australian Recording Industry Association's dance hit, reaching No. 1 on the ARIA singles charts, selling 800,000 copies. The follow-up single, "Sexy (Is The Word)", also written by Nicholson reached No. 3 on the Australian charts.
Pierson was also behind the group Rhapsody, whose song, "Cowboy Lover", reached No. 95 on the ARIA singles charts in January 1993.
In 1995 Ladysmith Black Mambazo released their album Homeless in Australia on Pierson's Laser Music label in conjunction with distributor Dino Entertainment. The South African choral group rose to prominence after working with Paul Simon on his 1986 album, Graceland. Homeless went platinum, selling 80,000 copies after Pierson struck a deal with a national advertising company for one of the tracks, "Nomathemba", to be used in an advertisement for Nestlé's Nescafé Gold Blend.
In August 1996, following discussions with musician David Hudson, and his manager and wife, Cindy Hudson, Pierson formed the Indigenous Australia record label. The label specialises in Aboriginal, spoken word, world, ambient music and children's albums and has released over twenty albums for artists including Hudson, Tjapukai, Ash Dargan and guitarist Wayne Mcintosh, with over one million units sold globally. and fights to uphold the rights of indigenous musicians.
Comedy recordings
Early in the 1980s Pierson, was inspired to delve into the relatively untapped comedy market after meeting Englishman Roy Nicolson in 1982, who was the songwriter for Toto Coelo's "I Eat Cannibals", which reached No. 4 on the Australian singles charts and No. 2 on the New Zealand singles charts.
Nicolson had begun experimenting with animal sounds on an E-mu Emulator I, an early sampler. Pierson jokingly asked him if he could play "Paperback Writer" using dogs barking. He did and soon Pierson had commissioned him to create a parody album of popular Beatles songs with dogs plus a backing chorus of cows, sheep and chooks backed by anonymous backing musicians from Germany. The result was the 1983 novelty album, Beatle Barkers, credited to The Woofers and Tweeters Ensemble, released on the Passport Records label and marketed by Demtel.
Pierson subsequently arranged for live recordings of Australian comedy acts at the Margaret St Comedy Store in Sydney in conjunction with Barry Wayne. The first series, Australia Laughs, featuring George Smilovitch, Rodney Rude, Vince Sorrenti, Keith Scott, Gary Who, Calvin De Grey and Graham Pugh, was released on video by Video Classics.
A Swag of Aussie Poetry
He recorded 53 of the best loved works of Australian prose and verses, entitled Out of the Bluegums – 150 Years of Australian Verse, which was released in 1985. It features 31 narrators delivering an eclectic mix of folk ballads and bush poetry from the 1800s through to 20th century prose. The narrators include Australian icons such as Peter Allen, Spike Milligan, Dame Joan Sutherland, and Dame Edna Everage. The double CD was digitally remastered and released on Pierson's Lifestyle Music label in January 2011 as A Swag of Aussie Poetry.
Unfinished business
In November 2007 Pierson was invited to perform at the Wild Things beat band event in Auckland, where he sang alongside Ray Columbus, The Pleazers, Chants R & b, The Breakaways, and Peter Nelson & the Castaways and the Underdogs.
In August 2008 Pierson finally released his debut album, the 16-track compilation Spinning the Moments, which he had begun in 1968. A distribution deal was signed with Sony/BMG in Australia and EMI Music in New Zealand for the album.
In 2009, after 15 years with Indigenous Australia, Pierson merged the business into his Lifestyle Music Group making it easier to market the different styles of recording and artists he was working with and to expand into world music, sacred sounds, classical, poetry, ambient, jazz and health and lifestyle.
In its first year Lifestyle Music Group recorded 50 albums including mellow jazz café titles and "romance therapy" where he re-mastered older love songs, mixed with relaxing ocean sounds in-between.
In 2010 Lifestyle signed Australia's Got Talent finalist Cam Henderson. Pierson produced Henderson's debut single, "Angel Without Wings" as well as the album of the same name for the 44-year-old builder. The album, Angel Without Wings, reached No.29 on the Australian ARIA albums chart in October 2010.
In 2012 Pierson acquired the Peter Lik Publishing Group from renowned Australian photographer Peter Lik.
In June 2012 Pierson's Lifestyle Music label, distributed by Sony Music Entertainment, made music history by having the first Australian Dance Chart album "Don't Funk With Me" by Alston which peaked at No.16 on the Australian charts and No. 2 on the Australian dance music charts, spending a total of seven weeks in the charts.
In February 2013 he re-mastered and re-released Norman May's Great Moments in Australian Sports a history of Australian sporting moments starting from the first Melbourne Cup phantom call by Joe Brown in 1890.
In July 2014 he established Music Hive, a streaming music service for business environments. He continues to produce and record music tracks for his Lifestyle Music label distributed by Sony Music (SME).
In 2019, he and his wife Sharon appeared on the second season of the Netflix series Instant Hotel. He really struggles with paddle boarding as seen on Season 2, Episode 2.
Discography
Albums
Spinning the Moments – Indigenous Australia (IA11967D) (29 July 2008)
Singles
"Love, Love, Love"/"Celeste" – Zodiac (Z45 1319) Philips (BF-350) (1966)
"You Got to Me"/"Rainy Day in June" – Zodiac (Z45 1330) Philips (BF-377) (June 1967)
"Toyland"/"Matchstick in a Whirlpool" – Zodiac (Z45 1335) (1968)
"If You Only Loved Me"/"Just One Tender Look" – Zodiac (Z45 1339) (1968)
"I Ain't No Miracle Worker"/"Leaving on a Jet Plane" – Festival (FK-3161) (1969)
"Reach Out"/"Oh Sweet Love" – Festival (FK-3498) (February 1970) - AUS #29
"See My Way"/"Teach Me How To Fly" – Infinity (INK 4121) (1970)
"Love Love Love" (1970) - AUS #87
"Story"/"Bye Bye Love" – Festival (FK-4414) (1971)
"Come on In"/" The Only Living Boy in New York" – Festival (FK-4264) (1971)
References
Further reading
The Gene Pierson Story, Radio New Zealand National, Musical Chairs, November 2007
Sunday Herald Sun for story on Cam Henderson, 26, September 2010
External links
Keith Newman, personal interviews with Gene Pierson
AudioCulture Profile by Grant Gillanders
Andrew Schmidt’s Mysterex rock 'n roll blogspot for Tommy Adderley and Larry's Rebels links
1949 births
Australian male singers
Australian music industry executives
Australian pop singers
Australian record producers
Living people
People from Sydney | [
"Gene Pierson (born Giancarlo Salvestrin, 29 April 1946) is a musician, who had an early solo career in New Zealand and then in Australia.",
"His 1960s and early 1970s songs, \"Love, Love, Love\", \"You Got to Me\" and \"Reach Out\", achieved local chart success in Australia and New Zealand.",
"He launched AC/DC at Chequers on New Year's Eve 1974 and later became a publisher and music producer in Australia.",
"His more recent business ventures include the acquisition of the Peter Lik Publishing Group, founding the Lifestyle Music label distributed by Sony Music Australia, and founding Music Hive, an online streaming service for retailers.",
"Biography\nGene Pierson was born Giancarlo Salvestrin (29 April 1946) in Venice.",
"In 1949 his father, Ernesto, migrated to Australia and in January 1950, at the age of four, Pierson and his mother followed, settling in Griffith, New South Wales.",
"Early career\nIn 1963 Pierson, under the stage name Gene Chandler, won a talent quest at Skelseys Hotel, singing \"Mashed Potato\", in the western suburbs of Sydney, which was the beginning of his career in the entertainment business.",
"He was given a regular solo spot at the hotel, where he was approached by guitarist Graham Ford to become the fifth member of a Western Suburbs band, The Inturns.",
"The Inturns were subsequently managed by Eileen Harrigan, the wife of John Harrigan, who owned Surf City in Kings Cross and managed a number of leading \"beat\" bands in Sydney.",
"The Inturns supported a number of popular local acts, including Billy Thorpe & The Aztecs, and Ray Brown & The Whispers as well as headlining at Suzi Wong's The Beach House and Stagecoach venues.",
"Pierson was then offered a six-month resident spot at The Bowl nightclub in Pitt Street, Sydney.",
"In December 1965 Pierson received news that his father, Ernesto, had a brain tumour and meanwhile Pierson was due to be conscripted into the army to serve in Vietnam.",
"He was due to report to Duntroon military base within days however, following advice from The La De Das guitarist Kevin Borich, he travelled to New Zealand, which had no passport requirement, thereby evading his conscription.",
"Running low on cash in Auckland, he bluffed his way into the Galaxie nightclub, saying he was Gene Chandler, a top performer from Sydney, and would do a guest spot for free entry.",
"In the audience was Eldred Stebbing who managed and recorded Ray Columbus, Max Merritt & The Meteors and the La De Das on his Zodiac label.",
"Stebbing was impressed and ended up managing Pierson encouraging him to change his stage name as there was already a US singer named Gene Chandler (aka \"Duke of Earl\").",
"The story is that Stebbing spotted a poster for Pearson's Soap over the singer's shoulder and both agreed with a change in spelling to Pierson.",
"After signing with Stebbing's Zodiac label, temporary accommodation was arranged and Salvestrin (now Pierson) had a regular gig and income.",
"He also appeared regularly with Wellington group, Cheshire Katt.",
"Pierson had success with a Bobby Hebb song, \"Love, Love Love\"/\"Celeste\", which become a number one hit on the Radio Hauraki charts in October 1967.",
"This was followed by \"You Got To Me\"/\"Rainy Day in June\" which reached number two spot.",
"This was first time anyone had done a cover version of a Neil Diamond song outside of the US – a medal commemorating this was later presented to Pierson by Diamond's manager.",
"Both singles were also released in Australia on the Philips label.",
"In 1968 Pierson released, \"Toyland\"/\"Matchstick in a Whirlpool\", which originally recorded by UK group Alan Bown Set featuring Robert Palmer on vocals, which was then followed later that year by \"If You Only Loved Me\"/\"Just One Tender Look\", neither of which had the same success as the earlier singles.",
"Pierson was featured in Playdate, Groove and a number of women's magazines, alongside the British and American pop stars of the time.",
"He was working four nights a week, regularly appearing on television and touring with artists including Tommy Adderley, Larry's Rebels, Shane, The Chicks, Simple Image and the La De Das.",
"In 1969 he switched labels to Festival Records releasing \"Leaving on a Jet Plane\"/\"I Ain't No Miracle Worker\" and in 1970 a cover of the Four Tops song \"Reach Out\"/\"Oh Sweet Lord\", which received airplay in Australia and became a minor chart success over there, reaching No.",
"12 on the Sydney charts.",
"Returning to Australia\nDuring the recording of an album with producer and blind keyboard player Claude Papesch, Gene Pierson learned of his father's death and returned to Australia for the funeral.",
"He quickly leveraged his New Zealand success, signing with Festival Records and releasing a psychedelic make-over of the Four Tops song \"Reach Out\", backed by New Zealand's Simple Image who were resident in Sydney at the time.",
"However, a long-standing disagreement between radio stations and record labels put an end to the song's journey up the charts.",
"Record companies were refusing to supply free new release records unless radio stations agreed to pay a new royalty, resulting in a six-month radio ban on airplay for Australian and British recordings released by major labels.",
"As part of his contract Pierson released \"See My Way\"/\"Teach Me How To Fly\" on the Infinity label in 1970, followed in 1971 by \"Story\"/\"Bye Bye Love\" and \"Come on In\"/\"The Only Living Boy in New York\".",
"He then ended his contract with Festival and went on to co-host the nationwide weekly pop gossip programme the Today Show with Bruce Webster and Patty Lovell, which led to the first video music TV show on Channel 7 called Sounds.",
"The same year, he also hosted his own weekly segment, Today Pop, on Channel 7’s Today Show and wrote for Go-Set pop paper.",
"For the publication he covered Elton John's first concert at the Troubador in Los Angeles, interviewed musicians Lou Rawls and Tina Turner, and promoted his version of \"The Only Living Boy in New York\", taking guest spots on the casino circuit in Los Angeles and San Francisco and appearing on Metro Media TV.",
"Record production \nPierson discovered there was an upside to the 1970 music ban that so harshly impacted local artists recording their own material.",
"Australian acts could still cover versions of British hits that might otherwise be ignored.",
"To capitalise on that loophole he formed Chart Records which released a number of songs, including a cover by Sydney band, Autumn of Christie's \"Yellow River\", and their collaboration with Dave Allenby of Edison Lighthouse's \"She Works in A Woman's Way\", which both reached the top ten on the local music charts.",
"Also achieving chart success was a re-release of his earlier single, \"Love, Love, Love\", which reached No.",
"38 on the Go-Set Australian National Charts in May 1970.",
"Concurrently Pierson became entertainment manager for John Harrigan's Sydney Bistros, which operated the largest nightclubs in Australia including Whiskey Au Go Go, Chequers and Stagecoach in Sydney.",
"He booked Sammy Davis Jr, Frank Sinatra, Shirley Bassey, Trini Lopez and Dusty Springfield.",
"When interest in middle of the road artists began to recede, Pierson championed a move to bring rock and roll into the clubs.",
"He stimulated the success of a new wave of bands including Lobby Loyde & the Coloured Balls, John Paul Young, Jeff St John, Blackfeather, Cold Chisel, Sebastian Hardie and Chain.",
"He established new groups at Chequers including Sherbet who soon moved from house band to main drawcard.",
"In 1995, Gene Pierson and Village People’s drummer Allen Murphy visited Maningrida, an Australian Aboriginal community in Arnhem Land where they recorded indigenous talent such as the Sunrise Band, the Mimi Dancers, and the Letterstick Band.",
"A limited edition compilation album was released on Pierson’s label Ocean Music that year.",
"In January, 2016, the recording was remastered for the album “Demurru Hits”.",
"Booking agent\nPierson booked shows for AC/DC who were being promoted by Ray Arnold and his partner Alan Kissack.",
"The band were booked into Chequers nightclub,.",
"however, venue management had never heard such a loud band and refused to have them back.",
"Pierson booking them at various venues including the Bondi Lifesaver at 56 Ebley St. Bondi Junction.",
"He played a role in having Ted Albert of Albert Productions listen to AC/DC, who later signed with Albert Music.",
"Pierson introduced the band to programme director of rock station 2SM, Rod Muir, who booked them for the station's school holiday concerts back at Chequers.",
"Pierson managed Johnny O'Keefe for a time, running a series of sell out rock and roll concerts at Paddington Town Hall which featured a range of guest artists including Ray Columbus, Johnny Devlin, Jade Hurley and Judy Stone.",
"During his time working with Sydney Bistros, Gene Pierson was introduced to British entrepreneur as an agent to rock bands including English band Black Sabbath, Don Arden, the father of Sharon Osbourne, who was at the time managing Electric Light Orchestra (ELO) and booking acts through Chequers nightclub.",
"Ardern had heard the song Love and Other Bruises by Air Supply and wanted access to them.",
"Pierson brokered a deal between Ardern and the band's management resulting in the band heading to US where they had strong chart success.",
"Around this time Pierson reconnected with members of his former band The Inturns who had engaged guitarist Mario Millo (ex-The Click) as the band's keyboard player and changed their name to Sebastian Hardie.",
"He managed the symphonic rock unit and booked them to tour Australia with Dutch progrockers Focus.",
"This helped the band achieve national exposure and led to the recording of the band's successful debut album, Four Moments in August 1975.",
"During this period Pierson had a regular showbiz column in the Sunday Mirror called \"As It Is\".",
"The most important rock festivals in Australia during the 1970s were the four Sunbury Festivals held in a natural amphitheater outside Melbourne.",
"The organizer, Odessa Promotions, hired Gene Pierson to co-compare the 1974 Sunbury Festival.",
"This was the year that Pierson introduced Britain's up-and-coming group Queen to a hostile audience who were chanting for Australian artists.",
"Queen finished their set despite being booed.",
"Record labels\nPierson established his own agency called Blue Heaven, booking top Australian bands around Sydney pubs and clubs.",
"He then merged this with a new publishing operation run out of Kerry Packer's Nine Network in Sydney.",
"It was here that the Living Sound and Laser Records labels handled artists including Dark Tan, Geeza, Squeeze, Bobby Thomas, Trevor Knight, Julie Bower, Frankie Davidson, Australia and Southern Cross.",
"In the late-1970s he arranged a contract with established singer Judy Stone for concerts in Beijing resulting in strong record sales throughout mainland China.",
"He also brokered a deal between INXS band manager Chris Murphy and Morrie Smith of RCA for international distribution.",
"Pierson produced and recorded all-girl group Peaches single, \"Substitute\", which peaked at number 15 on the Kent Music Report in 1978 on the Laser Records label.",
"Pierson purchased the rights for the Laser label and struck a distribution deal with Eldred Stebbing and Polygram Records.",
"Pierson released the music of Th' Dudes and Hello Sailor in Australia through the Big Mouth label and launched their careers in Australia with an appearance at the opening of Sydney radio station 2WS.",
"Pierson produced two hit singles for singer Melissa Tkautz from the TV series E Street, released on his Laser Music label through Polygram.",
"He had the single \"Read My Lips\" written for her by Roy Nicholson which became an Australian Recording Industry Association's dance hit, reaching No.",
"1 on the ARIA singles charts, selling 800,000 copies.",
"The follow-up single, \"Sexy (Is The Word)\", also written by Nicholson reached No.",
"3 on the Australian charts.",
"Pierson was also behind the group Rhapsody, whose song, \"Cowboy Lover\", reached No.",
"95 on the ARIA singles charts in January 1993.",
"In 1995 Ladysmith Black Mambazo released their album Homeless in Australia on Pierson's Laser Music label in conjunction with distributor Dino Entertainment.",
"The South African choral group rose to prominence after working with Paul Simon on his 1986 album, Graceland.",
"Homeless went platinum, selling 80,000 copies after Pierson struck a deal with a national advertising company for one of the tracks, \"Nomathemba\", to be used in an advertisement for Nestlé's Nescafé Gold Blend.",
"In August 1996, following discussions with musician David Hudson, and his manager and wife, Cindy Hudson, Pierson formed the Indigenous Australia record label.",
"The label specialises in Aboriginal, spoken word, world, ambient music and children's albums and has released over twenty albums for artists including Hudson, Tjapukai, Ash Dargan and guitarist Wayne Mcintosh, with over one million units sold globally.",
"and fights to uphold the rights of indigenous musicians.",
"Comedy recordings\nEarly in the 1980s Pierson, was inspired to delve into the relatively untapped comedy market after meeting Englishman Roy Nicolson in 1982, who was the songwriter for Toto Coelo's \"I Eat Cannibals\", which reached No.",
"4 on the Australian singles charts and No.",
"2 on the New Zealand singles charts.",
"Nicolson had begun experimenting with animal sounds on an E-mu Emulator I, an early sampler.",
"Pierson jokingly asked him if he could play \"Paperback Writer\" using dogs barking.",
"He did and soon Pierson had commissioned him to create a parody album of popular Beatles songs with dogs plus a backing chorus of cows, sheep and chooks backed by anonymous backing musicians from Germany.",
"The result was the 1983 novelty album, Beatle Barkers, credited to The Woofers and Tweeters Ensemble, released on the Passport Records label and marketed by Demtel.",
"Pierson subsequently arranged for live recordings of Australian comedy acts at the Margaret St Comedy Store in Sydney in conjunction with Barry Wayne.",
"The first series, Australia Laughs, featuring George Smilovitch, Rodney Rude, Vince Sorrenti, Keith Scott, Gary Who, Calvin De Grey and Graham Pugh, was released on video by Video Classics.",
"A Swag of Aussie Poetry\nHe recorded 53 of the best loved works of Australian prose and verses, entitled Out of the Bluegums – 150 Years of Australian Verse, which was released in 1985.",
"It features 31 narrators delivering an eclectic mix of folk ballads and bush poetry from the 1800s through to 20th century prose.",
"The narrators include Australian icons such as Peter Allen, Spike Milligan, Dame Joan Sutherland, and Dame Edna Everage.",
"The double CD was digitally remastered and released on Pierson's Lifestyle Music label in January 2011 as A Swag of Aussie Poetry.",
"Unfinished business\n\nIn November 2007 Pierson was invited to perform at the Wild Things beat band event in Auckland, where he sang alongside Ray Columbus, The Pleazers, Chants R & b, The Breakaways, and Peter Nelson & the Castaways and the Underdogs.",
"In August 2008 Pierson finally released his debut album, the 16-track compilation Spinning the Moments, which he had begun in 1968.",
"A distribution deal was signed with Sony/BMG in Australia and EMI Music in New Zealand for the album.",
"In 2009, after 15 years with Indigenous Australia, Pierson merged the business into his Lifestyle Music Group making it easier to market the different styles of recording and artists he was working with and to expand into world music, sacred sounds, classical, poetry, ambient, jazz and health and lifestyle.",
"In its first year Lifestyle Music Group recorded 50 albums including mellow jazz café titles and \"romance therapy\" where he re-mastered older love songs, mixed with relaxing ocean sounds in-between.",
"In 2010 Lifestyle signed Australia's Got Talent finalist Cam Henderson.",
"Pierson produced Henderson's debut single, \"Angel Without Wings\" as well as the album of the same name for the 44-year-old builder.",
"The album, Angel Without Wings, reached No.29 on the Australian ARIA albums chart in October 2010.",
"In 2012 Pierson acquired the Peter Lik Publishing Group from renowned Australian photographer Peter Lik.",
"In June 2012 Pierson's Lifestyle Music label, distributed by Sony Music Entertainment, made music history by having the first Australian Dance Chart album \"Don't Funk With Me\" by Alston which peaked at No.16 on the Australian charts and No.",
"2 on the Australian dance music charts, spending a total of seven weeks in the charts.",
"In February 2013 he re-mastered and re-released Norman May's Great Moments in Australian Sports a history of Australian sporting moments starting from the first Melbourne Cup phantom call by Joe Brown in 1890.",
"In July 2014 he established Music Hive, a streaming music service for business environments.",
"He continues to produce and record music tracks for his Lifestyle Music label distributed by Sony Music (SME).",
"In 2019, he and his wife Sharon appeared on the second season of the Netflix series Instant Hotel.",
"He really struggles with paddle boarding as seen on Season 2, Episode 2."
] | [
"Gene Pierson had an early solo career in New Zealand and then in Australia.",
"His 1960s and early 1970s songs, \"Love, Love, Love\", \"You Got to Me\" and \"Reach Out\", achieved local chart success in Australia and New Zealand.",
"He launched AC/DC on New Year's Eve 1974 and later became a publisher and music producer in Australia.",
"He founded Music Hive, an online streaming service for retailers, as well as founding the Lifestyle Music label, which was distributed by Sony Music Australia.",
"Gene Pierson was born in Venice.",
"After his father migrated to Australia in 1949, he and his mother moved to New South Wales at the age of four.",
"The beginning of his career in the entertainment business was when he won a talent quest at the Skelseys Hotel, singing \"Mashed Potato\", which was the beginning of his career in the entertainment business.",
"He was asked to join The Inturns by guitarist Graham Ford after being given a regular solo spot at the hotel.",
"The Inturns were managed by Eileen Harrigan, the wife of John Harrigan, the owner of Surf City in Kings Cross.",
"Billy Thorpe & The Aztecs and Ray Brown & The Whispers were two of the popular local acts supported by The Inturns.",
"A six-month resident spot at The Bowl nightclub was offered to Pierson.",
"In December of 1965, Pierson was told that his father had a brain tumour and was going to be conscripted into the army to serve in Vietnam.",
"He was due to report to Duntroon military base within days, however, following advice from The La De Das guitarist Kevin Borich, he traveled to New Zealand, which had no passport requirement.",
"He bluffed his way into the Galaxie nightclub, saying he was a top performer from Australia and would do a guest spot for free.",
"The Zodiac label was managed and recorded by Eldred Stebbing who was in the audience.",
"There was already a US singer named \"Duke of Earl\" who had a stage name that was similar to Stebbing's.",
"The story is that Stebbing spotted a poster for Pearson's Soap over the singer's shoulder and both agreed with a change in spelling.",
"After signing with Stebbing's Zodiac label, temporary accommodations were arranged and he had a regular gig and income.",
"He appeared with the Wellington group.",
"Bobby Hebb's song \"Love, Love Love\"/\"Celeste\" became a number one hit on the Radio Hauraki charts in October 1967.",
"\"You Got To Me\"/\"Rainy Day in June\" came in at number two.",
"This was the first time anyone had done a cover version of a Neil Diamond song outside of the US, and a medal was presented to Pierson by Diamond's manager.",
"Both singles were released in Australia.",
"The UK group Alan Bown Set originally recorded \"Matchstick in a Whirlpool\", which was followed later that year by \"If You Only LOVED Me\", both of which were recorded by Robert Palmer.",
"The British and American pop stars of the time were featured in a number of women's magazines.",
"He worked four nights a week, appearing on television and touring with artists such as Tommy Adderley, Larry's Rebels, and The Chicks.",
"In 1969 he switched labels and released \"Leaving on a Jet Plane\", \"I Ain't No Miracle Worker\" and a cover of the Four Tops song \"Oh Sweet Lord\".",
"There are 12 on the charts.",
"After learning of his father's death, Gene returned to Australia to attend the funeral.",
"He signed with Festival Records and released a make-over of the Four Tops song \"Reach Out\" with New Zealand's Simple Image.",
"A long-standing disagreement between radio stations and record labels ended the song's journey up the charts.",
"Record companies were refusing to supply free new release records unless radio stations agreed to pay a new royalty, resulting in a six-month radio ban on airplay for Australian and British recordings released by major labels.",
"\"Come on In\", \"The Only Living Boy in New York\", \"Story\", and \"Teach Me How to Fly\" were released as part of his contract.",
"He co-hosted the first video music TV show on Channel 7 called Sounds after he ended his contract with Festival.",
"He wrote for Go-Set pop paper and hosted his own weekly segment, Today Pop, on Channel 7.",
"He promoted his version of \"The Only Living Boy in New York\" and took guest spots on the casino circuit in Los Angeles and San Francisco.",
"The upside to the 1970 music ban was that it made it possible for local artists to record their own material.",
"British hits could still be covered by Australian acts.",
"He formed Chart Records, which released a number of songs, including a cover by Autumn of Christie's \"Yellow River\", and their collaboration with Dave Allenby of Edison Lighthouse's \"She Works in A Woman's Way\".",
"He achieved chart success with a re-release of his earlier single, \"Love, Love, Love\".",
"In May 1970, 38 were on the Go-Set Australian National Charts.",
"John Harrigan's Sydney Bistros operated the largest nightclubs in Australia, including Whiskey Au Go Go and Chequers.",
"He booked Frank Sinatra, Trini Lopez, and Sammy Davis Jr.",
"The move to bring rock and roll into the clubs was championed by Pierson when interest in the middle of the road artists waned.",
"The success of a new wave of bands was stimulated by him.",
"He started a new group at the house band and moved them to the main drawcard.",
"Gene Pierson and Allen Murphy traveled to Maningrida, an Australian Aboriginal community in Arnhem Land, in 1995 to record indigenous talent.",
"A limited edition album was released.",
"The recording was re-mastered for the album.",
"AC/DC was promoted by Ray Arnold and his partner Alan Kissack.",
"The band was booked into a nightclub.",
"The venue management refused to have the band back because they had never heard such a loud band.",
"The Bondi Lifesaver is one of the places that Pierson is booking them at.",
"He was involved in having Ted Albert listen to AC/DC.",
"The band was booked for a school holiday concert by the programme director of rock station 2SM.",
"A series of sell out rock and roll concerts at Paddington Town Hall featured a range of guest artists including Ray Columbus, Johnny Devlin and Judy Stone.",
"Gene Pierson was introduced to the British businessman as an agent to rock bands including English band Black Sabbath, Don Arden, the father of Sharon Osbourne, and Electric Light Orchestra, who was at the time booking acts through Chequers nightclub.",
"Air Supply has a song called Love and Other Bruises.",
"The band headed to the US after a deal was brokered between Ardern and the band's management.",
"The Inturns had engaged guitarist Mario Millo (ex-The Click) as the band's keyboard player and changed their name to Sebastian Hardie around this time.",
"He booked the band to tour Australia with Dutch progrockers Focus.",
"The band's debut album, Four Moments, was recorded in August 1975, after this helped them achieve national exposure.",
"Pierson had a column called \"As It Is\" in the Sunday Mirror.",
"The Sunbury Festivals were the most important rock festivals in Australia during the 1970s.",
"Gene Pierson was hired by the organizers of the 1974 Sunbury Festival.",
"Queen was introduced to a hostile audience who were chanting for Australian artists by Pierson.",
"Despite being booed, Queen finished their set.",
"Blue Heaven was established by the record labels to book top Australian bands.",
"He merged this with a new publishing operation run by Kerry Packer.",
"The Living Sound and Laser Records labels handled artists such as Dark Tan, Squeeze, Bobby Thomas and others.",
"He arranged for Judy Stone to perform in Beijing in the late-1970s, which resulted in strong record sales in mainland China.",
"Chris Murphy and Morrie Smith are the managers of INXS.",
"The all-girl group Peaches single, \"Substitute\", peaked at number 15 on the Kent Music Report in 1978 and was produced and recorded by Pierson.",
"The Laser label's rights were purchased by Pierson and he struck a distribution deal with Polygram Records.",
"Th' Dudes and Hello Sailor's music was released in Australia through the Big Mouth label and they appeared at the opening of a radio station in Australia.",
"The two hit singles were produced by Pierson and released on his Laser Music label.",
"The Australian Recording Industry Association's dance hit \"Read My Lips\" was written for her by Roy Nicholson.",
"1 sold over one million copies on the ARIA singles charts.",
"\"Sexy (Is The Word)\" was written by Nicholson.",
"There are 3 on the Australian charts.",
"The group Rhapsody's song, \"Cowboy Lovers\", reached the top of the charts.",
"In January 1993 there were 95 singles on the ARIA charts.",
"Ladysmith Black Mambazo's album Homeless in Australia was released in 1995 on the Laser Music label.",
"After working with Paul Simon, the South African choral group rose to prominence.",
"Homeless sold 80,000 copies after Pierson struck a deal with a national advertising company for one of the tracks to be used in an advertisement.",
"The Indigenous Australia record label was formed in August 1996 after discussions with musician David Hudson and his wife.",
"The label has released over twenty albums for artists including Hudson, Ash Dargan and guitarist Wayne Mcintosh, with over one million units sold globally.",
"They fight for the rights of indigenous musicians.",
"After meeting Englishman Roy Nicolson, who was the writer of \"I Eat Cannibals\", Pierson was inspired to start making comedy recordings.",
"4 on the Australian singles chart.",
"There are 2 on the New Zealand singles charts.",
"Nicolson was using the E-mu Emulator I to experiment with animal sounds.",
"He was asked if he could play \"Paperback Writer\" with dogs barking.",
"Pierson commissioned him to create a parody album of popular Beatles songs with dogs and a backing chorus of cows, sheep and chooks.",
"The Beatle Barkers novelty album was released on the Passport Records label and marketed by Demtel.",
"In conjunction with Barry Wayne, Pierson arranged for live recordings of Australian comedy acts at the Margaret St Comedy Store.",
"The first series of Australia Laughs was released on video by Video Classics.",
"He recorded 53 of the best loved works of Australian prose and verse, entitled Out of the Bluegums, which was released in 1985.",
"31 narrators deliver an eclectic mix of folk ballads and bush poetry from the 1800s to the 20th century.",
"The narrators include Australian icons such as Peter Allen.",
"The double CD was re-mastered and 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611",
"In November 2007, he was invited to perform at the Wild Things beat band event in Auckland, where he sang alongside Ray Columbus, Chants R & b, The Breakaways, and Peter Nelson & the Castaways and the Underdogs.",
"His debut album, Spinning the Moments, was released in August of 2008.",
"The album was signed for distribution in Australia and New Zealand.",
"In 2009, after 15 years with Indigenous Australia, Pierson merged the business into his Lifestyle Music Group, making it easier to market the different styles of recording and artists he was working with and to expand into world music, sacred sounds, classical, poetry, ambient, jazz and health and lifestyle.",
"In its first year, the Lifestyle Music Group recorded 50 albums, including mellow jazz café titles and \"romance therapy\" where he re-mastered older love songs.",
"Australia's Got Talent finalist Cam Henderson was signed by Lifestyle.",
"Henderson's debut single, \"Angel Without Wings\", was produced by Pierson, as well as the album of the same name for the 44-year-old builder.",
"In October 2010, the album, Angel Without Wings, reached No.29 on the Australian ARIA albums chart.",
"The Peter Lik Publishing Group was acquired by Pierson.",
"In June 2012 Pierson's Lifestyle Music label made music history by having the first Australian Dance Chart album \"Don't Funk With Me\" by Alston which peaked at No.16 on the Australian charts.",
"2 were in the Australian dance music charts for seven weeks.",
"He re-released Norman May's Great Moments in Australian Sports, a history of Australian sporting moments starting from the first phantom call by Joe Brown in 1890.",
"Music Hive was established in July of last year.",
"He continues to produce and record music for his label.",
"He and his wife appeared in the second season of Instant Hotel.",
"On Season 2, Episode 2, he struggles with paddle boarding."
] | <mask> (born Giancarlo Salvestrin, 29 April 1946) is a musician, who had an early solo career in New Zealand and then in Australia. His 1960s and early 1970s songs, "Love, Love, Love", "You Got to Me" and "Reach Out", achieved local chart success in Australia and New Zealand. He launched AC/DC at Chequers on New Year's Eve 1974 and later became a publisher and music producer in Australia. His more recent business ventures include the acquisition of the Peter Lik Publishing Group, founding the Lifestyle Music label distributed by Sony Music Australia, and founding Music Hive, an online streaming service for retailers. Biography
<mask> was born Giancarlo Salvestrin (29 April 1946) in Venice. In 1949 his father, Ernesto, migrated to Australia and in January 1950, at the age of four, <mask> and his mother followed, settling in Griffith, New South Wales. Early career
In 1963 <mask>, under the stage name <mask>, won a talent quest at Skelseys Hotel, singing "Mashed Potato", in the western suburbs of Sydney, which was the beginning of his career in the entertainment business.He was given a regular solo spot at the hotel, where he was approached by guitarist Graham Ford to become the fifth member of a Western Suburbs band, The Inturns. The Inturns were subsequently managed by Eileen Harrigan, the wife of John Harrigan, who owned Surf City in Kings Cross and managed a number of leading "beat" bands in Sydney. The Inturns supported a number of popular local acts, including Billy Thorpe & The Aztecs, and Ray Brown & The Whispers as well as headlining at Suzi Wong's The Beach House and Stagecoach venues. <mask> was then offered a six-month resident spot at The Bowl nightclub in Pitt Street, Sydney. In December 1965 <mask> received news that his father, Ernesto, had a brain tumour and meanwhile <mask> was due to be conscripted into the army to serve in Vietnam. He was due to report to Duntroon military base within days however, following advice from The La De Das guitarist Kevin Borich, he travelled to New Zealand, which had no passport requirement, thereby evading his conscription. Running low on cash in Auckland, he bluffed his way into the Galaxie nightclub, saying he was <mask>, a top performer from Sydney, and would do a guest spot for free entry.In the audience was Eldred Stebbing who managed and recorded Ray Columbus, Max Merritt & The Meteors and the La De Das on his Zodiac label. Stebbing was impressed and ended up managing <mask> encouraging him to change his stage name as there was already a US singer named <mask> (aka "Duke of Earl"). The story is that Stebbing spotted a poster for Pearson's Soap over the singer's shoulder and both agreed with a change in spelling to Pierson. After signing with Stebbing's Zodiac label, temporary accommodation was arranged and Salvestrin (now <mask>) had a regular gig and income. He also appeared regularly with Wellington group, Cheshire Katt. <mask> had success with a Bobby Hebb song, "Love, Love Love"/"Celeste", which become a number one hit on the Radio Hauraki charts in October 1967. This was followed by "You Got To Me"/"Rainy Day in June" which reached number two spot.This was first time anyone had done a cover version of a Neil Diamond song outside of the US – a medal commemorating this was later presented to <mask> by Diamond's manager. Both singles were also released in Australia on the Philips label. In 1968 <mask> released, "Toyland"/"Matchstick in a Whirlpool", which originally recorded by UK group Alan Bown Set featuring Robert Palmer on vocals, which was then followed later that year by "If You Only Loved Me"/"Just One Tender Look", neither of which had the same success as the earlier singles. <mask> was featured in Playdate, Groove and a number of women's magazines, alongside the British and American pop stars of the time. He was working four nights a week, regularly appearing on television and touring with artists including Tommy Adderley, Larry's Rebels, Shane, The Chicks, Simple Image and the La De Das. In 1969 he switched labels to Festival Records releasing "Leaving on a Jet Plane"/"I Ain't No Miracle Worker" and in 1970 a cover of the Four Tops song "Reach Out"/"Oh Sweet Lord", which received airplay in Australia and became a minor chart success over there, reaching No. 12 on the Sydney charts.Returning to Australia
During the recording of an album with producer and blind keyboard player Claude Papesch, <mask> learned of his father's death and returned to Australia for the funeral. He quickly leveraged his New Zealand success, signing with Festival Records and releasing a psychedelic make-over of the Four Tops song "Reach Out", backed by New Zealand's Simple Image who were resident in Sydney at the time. However, a long-standing disagreement between radio stations and record labels put an end to the song's journey up the charts. Record companies were refusing to supply free new release records unless radio stations agreed to pay a new royalty, resulting in a six-month radio ban on airplay for Australian and British recordings released by major labels. As part of his contract <mask> released "See My Way"/"Teach Me How To Fly" on the Infinity label in 1970, followed in 1971 by "Story"/"Bye Bye Love" and "Come on In"/"The Only Living Boy in New York". He then ended his contract with Festival and went on to co-host the nationwide weekly pop gossip programme the Today Show with Bruce Webster and Patty Lovell, which led to the first video music TV show on Channel 7 called Sounds. The same year, he also hosted his own weekly segment, Today Pop, on Channel 7’s Today Show and wrote for Go-Set pop paper.For the publication he covered Elton John's first concert at the Troubador in Los Angeles, interviewed musicians Lou Rawls and Tina Turner, and promoted his version of "The Only Living Boy in New York", taking guest spots on the casino circuit in Los Angeles and San Francisco and appearing on Metro Media TV. Record production
<mask> discovered there was an upside to the 1970 music ban that so harshly impacted local artists recording their own material. Australian acts could still cover versions of British hits that might otherwise be ignored. To capitalise on that loophole he formed Chart Records which released a number of songs, including a cover by Sydney band, Autumn of Christie's "Yellow River", and their collaboration with Dave Allenby of Edison Lighthouse's "She Works in A Woman's Way", which both reached the top ten on the local music charts. Also achieving chart success was a re-release of his earlier single, "Love, Love, Love", which reached No. 38 on the Go-Set Australian National Charts in May 1970. Concurrently <mask> became entertainment manager for John Harrigan's Sydney Bistros, which operated the largest nightclubs in Australia including Whiskey Au Go Go, Chequers and Stagecoach in Sydney.He booked Sammy Davis Jr, Frank Sinatra, Shirley Bassey, Trini Lopez and Dusty Springfield. When interest in middle of the road artists began to recede, <mask> Loyde & the Coloured Balls, John Paul Young, Jeff St John, Blackfeather, Cold Chisel, Sebastian Hardie and Chain. He established new groups at Chequers including Sherbet who soon moved from house band to main drawcard. In 1995, <mask> and Village People’s drummer Allen Murphy visited Maningrida, an Australian Aboriginal community in Arnhem Land where they recorded indigenous talent such as the Sunrise Band, the Mimi Dancers, and the Letterstick Band. A limited edition compilation album was released on <mask>’s label Ocean Music that year. In January, 2016, the recording was remastered for the album “Demurru Hits”.Booking agent
<mask> booked shows for AC/DC who were being promoted by Ray Arnold and his partner Alan Kissack. The band were booked into Chequers nightclub,. however, venue management had never heard such a loud band and refused to have them back. <mask> booking them at various venues including the Bondi Lifesaver at 56 Ebley St. Bondi Junction. He played a role in having Ted Albert of Albert Productions listen to AC/DC, who later signed with Albert Music. <mask> introduced the band to programme director of rock station 2SM, Rod Muir, who booked them for the station's school holiday concerts back at Chequers. <mask> managed Johnny O'Keefe for a time, running a series of sell out rock and roll concerts at Paddington Town Hall which featured a range of guest artists including Ray Columbus, Johnny Devlin, Jade Hurley and Judy Stone.During his time working with Sydney Bistros, <mask> was introduced to British entrepreneur as an agent to rock bands including English band Black Sabbath, Don Arden, the father of Sharon Osbourne, who was at the time managing Electric Light Orchestra (ELO) and booking acts through Chequers nightclub. Ardern had heard the song Love and Other Bruises by Air Supply and wanted access to them. <mask> brokered a deal between Ardern and the band's management resulting in the band heading to US where they had strong chart success. Around this time <mask> reconnected with members of his former band The Inturns who had engaged guitarist Mario Millo (ex-The Click) as the band's keyboard player and changed their name to Sebastian Hardie. He managed the symphonic rock unit and booked them to tour Australia with Dutch progrockers Focus. This helped the band achieve national exposure and led to the recording of the band's successful debut album, Four Moments in August 1975. During this period <mask> had a regular showbiz column in the Sunday Mirror called "As It Is".The most important rock festivals in Australia during the 1970s were the four Sunbury Festivals held in a natural amphitheater outside Melbourne. The organizer, Odessa Promotions, hired <mask> to co-compare the 1974 Sunbury Festival. This was the year that <mask> introduced Britain's up-and-coming group Queen to a hostile audience who were chanting for Australian artists. Queen finished their set despite being booed. Record labels
<mask> established his own agency called Blue Heaven, booking top Australian bands around Sydney pubs and clubs. He then merged this with a new publishing operation run out of Kerry Packer's Nine Network in Sydney. It was here that the Living Sound and Laser Records labels handled artists including Dark Tan, Geeza, Squeeze, Bobby Thomas, Trevor Knight, Julie Bower, Frankie Davidson, Australia and Southern Cross.In the late-1970s he arranged a contract with established singer Judy Stone for concerts in Beijing resulting in strong record sales throughout mainland China. He also brokered a deal between INXS band manager Chris Murphy and Morrie Smith of RCA for international distribution. <mask> produced and recorded all-girl group Peaches single, "Substitute", which peaked at number 15 on the Kent Music Report in 1978 on the Laser Records label. <mask> purchased the rights for the Laser label and struck a distribution deal with Eldred Stebbing and Polygram Records. Pierson released the music of Th' Dudes and Hello Sailor in Australia through the Big Mouth label and launched their careers in Australia with an appearance at the opening of Sydney radio station 2WS. <mask> produced two hit singles for singer Melissa Tkautz from the TV series E Street, released on his Laser Music label through Polygram. He had the single "Read My Lips" written for her by Roy Nicholson which became an Australian Recording Industry Association's dance hit, reaching No.1 on the ARIA singles charts, selling 800,000 copies. The follow-up single, "Sexy (Is The Word)", also written by Nicholson reached No. 3 on the Australian charts. <mask> was also behind the group Rhapsody, whose song, "Cowboy Lover", reached No. 95 on the ARIA singles charts in January 1993. In 1995 Ladysmith Black Mambazo released their album Homeless in Australia on Pierson's Laser Music label in conjunction with distributor Dino Entertainment. The South African choral group rose to prominence after working with Paul Simon on his 1986 album, Graceland.Homeless went platinum, selling 80,000 copies after <mask> struck a deal with a national advertising company for one of the tracks, "Nomathemba", to be used in an advertisement for Nestlé's Nescafé Gold Blend. In August 1996, following discussions with musician David Hudson, and his manager and wife, Cindy Hudson, Pierson formed the Indigenous Australia record label. The label specialises in Aboriginal, spoken word, world, ambient music and children's albums and has released over twenty albums for artists including Hudson, Tjapukai, Ash Dargan and guitarist Wayne Mcintosh, with over one million units sold globally. and fights to uphold the rights of indigenous musicians. Comedy recordings
Early in the 1980s <mask>, was inspired to delve into the relatively untapped comedy market after meeting Englishman Roy Nicolson in 1982, who was the songwriter for Toto Coelo's "I Eat Cannibals", which reached No. 4 on the Australian singles charts and No. 2 on the New Zealand singles charts.Nicolson had begun experimenting with animal sounds on an E-mu Emulator I, an early sampler. <mask> jokingly asked him if he could play "Paperback Writer" using dogs barking. He did and soon <mask> had commissioned him to create a parody album of popular Beatles songs with dogs plus a backing chorus of cows, sheep and chooks backed by anonymous backing musicians from Germany. The result was the 1983 novelty album, Beatle Barkers, credited to The Woofers and Tweeters Ensemble, released on the Passport Records label and marketed by Demtel. <mask> subsequently arranged for live recordings of Australian comedy acts at the Margaret St Comedy Store in Sydney in conjunction with Barry Wayne. The first series, Australia Laughs, featuring George Smilovitch, Rodney Rude, Vince Sorrenti, Keith Scott, Gary Who, Calvin De Grey and Graham Pugh, was released on video by Video Classics. A Swag of Aussie Poetry
He recorded 53 of the best loved works of Australian prose and verses, entitled Out of the Bluegums – 150 Years of Australian Verse, which was released in 1985.It features 31 narrators delivering an eclectic mix of folk ballads and bush poetry from the 1800s through to 20th century prose. The narrators include Australian icons such as Peter Allen, Spike Milligan, Dame Joan Sutherland, and Dame Edna Everage. The double CD was digitally remastered and released on <mask>'s Lifestyle Music label in January 2011 as A Swag of Aussie Poetry. Unfinished business
In November 2007 <mask> was invited to perform at the Wild Things beat band event in Auckland, where he sang alongside Ray Columbus, The Pleazers, Chants R & b, The Breakaways, and Peter Nelson & the Castaways and the Underdogs. In August 2008 <mask> finally released his debut album, the 16-track compilation Spinning the Moments, which he had begun in 1968. A distribution deal was signed with Sony/BMG in Australia and EMI Music in New Zealand for the album. In 2009, after 15 years with Indigenous Australia, <mask> merged the business into his Lifestyle Music Group making it easier to market the different styles of recording and artists he was working with and to expand into world music, sacred sounds, classical, poetry, ambient, jazz and health and lifestyle.In its first year Lifestyle Music Group recorded 50 albums including mellow jazz café titles and "romance therapy" where he re-mastered older love songs, mixed with relaxing ocean sounds in-between. In 2010 Lifestyle signed Australia's Got Talent finalist Cam Henderson. Pierson produced Henderson's debut single, "Angel Without Wings" as well as the album of the same name for the 44-year-old builder. The album, Angel Without Wings, reached No.29 on the Australian ARIA albums chart in October 2010. In 2012 <mask> acquired the Peter Lik Publishing Group from renowned Australian photographer Peter Lik. In June 2012 Pierson's Lifestyle Music label, distributed by Sony Music Entertainment, made music history by having the first Australian Dance Chart album "Don't Funk With Me" by Alston which peaked at No.16 on the Australian charts and No. 2 on the Australian dance music charts, spending a total of seven weeks in the charts.In February 2013 he re-mastered and re-released Norman May's Great Moments in Australian Sports a history of Australian sporting moments starting from the first Melbourne Cup phantom call by Joe Brown in 1890. In July 2014 he established Music Hive, a streaming music service for business environments. He continues to produce and record music tracks for his Lifestyle Music label distributed by Sony Music (SME). In 2019, he and his wife Sharon appeared on the second season of the Netflix series Instant Hotel. He really struggles with paddle boarding as seen on Season 2, Episode 2. | [
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] | <mask> had an early solo career in New Zealand and then in Australia. His 1960s and early 1970s songs, "Love, Love, Love", "You Got to Me" and "Reach Out", achieved local chart success in Australia and New Zealand. He launched AC/DC on New Year's Eve 1974 and later became a publisher and music producer in Australia. He founded Music Hive, an online streaming service for retailers, as well as founding the Lifestyle Music label, which was distributed by Sony Music Australia. <mask> was born in Venice. After his father migrated to Australia in 1949, he and his mother moved to New South Wales at the age of four. The beginning of his career in the entertainment business was when he won a talent quest at the Skelseys Hotel, singing "Mashed Potato", which was the beginning of his career in the entertainment business.He was asked to join The Inturns by guitarist Graham Ford after being given a regular solo spot at the hotel. The Inturns were managed by Eileen Harrigan, the wife of John Harrigan, the owner of Surf City in Kings Cross. Billy Thorpe & The Aztecs and Ray Brown & The Whispers were two of the popular local acts supported by The Inturns. A six-month resident spot at The Bowl nightclub was offered to <mask>. In December of 1965, <mask> was told that his father had a brain tumour and was going to be conscripted into the army to serve in Vietnam. He was due to report to Duntroon military base within days, however, following advice from The La De Das guitarist Kevin Borich, he traveled to New Zealand, which had no passport requirement. He bluffed his way into the Galaxie nightclub, saying he was a top performer from Australia and would do a guest spot for free.The Zodiac label was managed and recorded by Eldred Stebbing who was in the audience. There was already a US singer named "Duke of Earl" who had a stage name that was similar to Stebbing's. The story is that Stebbing spotted a poster for Pearson's Soap over the singer's shoulder and both agreed with a change in spelling. After signing with Stebbing's Zodiac label, temporary accommodations were arranged and he had a regular gig and income. He appeared with the Wellington group. Bobby Hebb's song "Love, Love Love"/"Celeste" became a number one hit on the Radio Hauraki charts in October 1967. "You Got To Me"/"Rainy Day in June" came in at number two.This was the first time anyone had done a cover version of a Neil Diamond song outside of the US, and a medal was presented to <mask> by Diamond's manager. Both singles were released in Australia. The UK group Alan Bown Set originally recorded "Matchstick in a Whirlpool", which was followed later that year by "If You Only LOVED Me", both of which were recorded by Robert Palmer. The British and American pop stars of the time were featured in a number of women's magazines. He worked four nights a week, appearing on television and touring with artists such as Tommy Adderley, Larry's Rebels, and The Chicks. In 1969 he switched labels and released "Leaving on a Jet Plane", "I Ain't No Miracle Worker" and a cover of the Four Tops song "Oh Sweet Lord". There are 12 on the charts.After learning of his father's death, <mask> returned to Australia to attend the funeral. He signed with Festival Records and released a make-over of the Four Tops song "Reach Out" with New Zealand's Simple Image. A long-standing disagreement between radio stations and record labels ended the song's journey up the charts. Record companies were refusing to supply free new release records unless radio stations agreed to pay a new royalty, resulting in a six-month radio ban on airplay for Australian and British recordings released by major labels. "Come on In", "The Only Living Boy in New York", "Story", and "Teach Me How to Fly" were released as part of his contract. He co-hosted the first video music TV show on Channel 7 called Sounds after he ended his contract with Festival. He wrote for Go-Set pop paper and hosted his own weekly segment, Today Pop, on Channel 7.He promoted his version of "The Only Living Boy in New York" and took guest spots on the casino circuit in Los Angeles and San Francisco. The upside to the 1970 music ban was that it made it possible for local artists to record their own material. British hits could still be covered by Australian acts. He formed Chart Records, which released a number of songs, including a cover by Autumn of Christie's "Yellow River", and their collaboration with Dave Allenby of Edison Lighthouse's "She Works in A Woman's Way". He achieved chart success with a re-release of his earlier single, "Love, Love, Love". In May 1970, 38 were on the Go-Set Australian National Charts. John Harrigan's Sydney Bistros operated the largest nightclubs in Australia, including Whiskey Au Go Go and Chequers.He booked Frank Sinatra, Trini Lopez, and Sammy Davis Jr. The move to bring rock and roll into the clubs was championed by Pierson when interest in the middle of the road artists waned. The success of a new wave of bands was stimulated by him. He started a new group at the house band and moved them to the main drawcard. <mask> and Allen Murphy traveled to Maningrida, an Australian Aboriginal community in Arnhem Land, in 1995 to record indigenous talent. A limited edition album was released. The recording was re-mastered for the album.AC/DC was promoted by Ray Arnold and his partner Alan Kissack. The band was booked into a nightclub. The venue management refused to have the band back because they had never heard such a loud band. The Bondi Lifesaver is one of the places that <mask> is booking them at. He was involved in having Ted Albert listen to AC/DC. The band was booked for a school holiday concert by the programme director of rock station 2SM. A series of sell out rock and roll concerts at Paddington Town Hall featured a range of guest artists including Ray Columbus, Johnny Devlin and Judy Stone.<mask> was introduced to the British businessman as an agent to rock bands including English band Black Sabbath, Don Arden, the father of Sharon Osbourne, and Electric Light Orchestra, who was at the time booking acts through Chequers nightclub. Air Supply has a song called Love and Other Bruises. The band headed to the US after a deal was brokered between Ardern and the band's management. The Inturns had engaged guitarist Mario Millo (ex-The Click) as the band's keyboard player and changed their name to Sebastian Hardie around this time. He booked the band to tour Australia with Dutch progrockers Focus. The band's debut album, Four Moments, was recorded in August 1975, after this helped them achieve national exposure. <mask> had a column called "As It Is" in the Sunday Mirror.The Sunbury Festivals were the most important rock festivals in Australia during the 1970s. <mask> was hired by the organizers of the 1974 Sunbury Festival. Queen was introduced to a hostile audience who were chanting for Australian artists by Pierson. Despite being booed, Queen finished their set. Blue Heaven was established by the record labels to book top Australian bands. He merged this with a new publishing operation run by Kerry Packer. The Living Sound and Laser Records labels handled artists such as Dark Tan, Squeeze, Bobby Thomas and others.He arranged for Judy Stone to perform in Beijing in the late-1970s, which resulted in strong record sales in mainland China. Chris Murphy and Morrie Smith are the managers of INXS. The all-girl group Peaches single, "Substitute", peaked at number 15 on the Kent Music Report in 1978 and was produced and recorded by <mask>. The Laser label's rights were purchased by <mask> and he struck a distribution deal with Polygram Records. Th' Dudes and Hello Sailor's music was released in Australia through the Big Mouth label and they appeared at the opening of a radio station in Australia. The two hit singles were produced by <mask> and released on his Laser Music label. The Australian Recording Industry Association's dance hit "Read My Lips" was written for her by Roy Nicholson.1 sold over one million copies on the ARIA singles charts. "Sexy (Is The Word)" was written by Nicholson. There are 3 on the Australian charts. The group Rhapsody's song, "Cowboy Lovers", reached the top of the charts. In January 1993 there were 95 singles on the ARIA charts. Ladysmith Black Mambazo's album Homeless in Australia was released in 1995 on the Laser Music label. After working with Paul Simon, the South African choral group rose to prominence.Homeless sold 80,000 copies after <mask> struck a deal with a national advertising company for one of the tracks to be used in an advertisement. The Indigenous Australia record label was formed in August 1996 after discussions with musician David Hudson and his wife. The label has released over twenty albums for artists including Hudson, Ash Dargan and guitarist Wayne Mcintosh, with over one million units sold globally. They fight for the rights of indigenous musicians. After meeting Englishman Roy Nicolson, who was the writer of "I Eat Cannibals", <mask> was inspired to start making comedy recordings. 4 on the Australian singles chart. There are 2 on the New Zealand singles charts.Nicolson was using the E-mu Emulator I to experiment with animal sounds. He was asked if he could play "Paperback Writer" with dogs barking. <mask> commissioned him to create a parody album of popular Beatles songs with dogs and a backing chorus of cows, sheep and chooks. The Beatle Barkers novelty album was released on the Passport Records label and marketed by Demtel. In conjunction with Barry Wayne, <mask> arranged for live recordings of Australian comedy acts at the Margaret St Comedy Store. The first series of Australia Laughs was released on video by Video Classics. He recorded 53 of the best loved works of Australian prose and verse, entitled Out of the Bluegums, which was released in 1985.31 narrators deliver an eclectic mix of folk ballads and bush poetry from the 1800s to the 20th century. The narrators include Australian icons such as Peter Allen. The double CD was re-mastered and 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 In November 2007, he was invited to perform at the Wild Things beat band event in Auckland, where he sang alongside Ray Columbus, Chants R & b, The Breakaways, and Peter Nelson & the Castaways and the Underdogs. His debut album, Spinning the Moments, was released in August of 2008. The album was signed for distribution in Australia and New Zealand. In 2009, after 15 years with Indigenous Australia, Pierson merged the business into his Lifestyle Music Group, making it easier to market the different styles of recording and artists he was working with and to expand into world music, sacred sounds, classical, poetry, ambient, jazz and health and lifestyle.In its first year, the Lifestyle Music Group recorded 50 albums, including mellow jazz café titles and "romance therapy" where he re-mastered older love songs. Australia's Got Talent finalist Cam Henderson was signed by Lifestyle. Henderson's debut single, "Angel Without Wings", was produced by Pierson, as well as the album of the same name for the 44-year-old builder. In October 2010, the album, Angel Without Wings, reached No.29 on the Australian ARIA albums chart. The Peter Lik Publishing Group was acquired by Pierson. In June 2012 Pierson's Lifestyle Music label made music history by having the first Australian Dance Chart album "Don't Funk With Me" by Alston which peaked at No.16 on the Australian charts. 2 were in the Australian dance music charts for seven weeks.He re-released Norman May's Great Moments in Australian Sports, a history of Australian sporting moments starting from the first phantom call by Joe Brown in 1890. Music Hive was established in July of last year. He continues to produce and record music for his label. He and his wife appeared in the second season of Instant Hotel. On Season 2, Episode 2, he struggles with paddle boarding. | [
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1594446 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Ellmann | Richard Ellmann | Richard David Ellmann, FBA (March 15, 1918 – May 13, 1987) was an American literary critic and biographer of the Irish writers James Joyce, Oscar Wilde, and William Butler Yeats. He won the U.S. National Book Award for Nonfiction for James Joyce (1959), which is one of the most acclaimed literary biographies of the 20th century. Its 1982 revised edition was similarly recognised with the award of the James Tait Black Memorial Prize. Ellmann was a liberal humanist, and his academic work focused on the major modernist writers of the twentieth century.
Life
Ellmann was born in Highland Park, Michigan, the second of three sons of James Isaac Ellman, a lawyer, and his wife Jeanette (née Barsook). His father was a Romanian Jew and his mother was a Ukrainian Jew from Kiev. Ellmann served in the United States Navy and Office of Strategic Services during World War II. He studied at Yale University, receiving his B.A. in 1939, his M.A. in 1941, and his PhD (for which he won the John Addison Porter Prize) in 1947. In 1947, he was awarded a B.Litt degree (an earlier form of the M.Litt) from the University of Dublin (Trinity College), where he was resident while researching his biography of Yeats. As a Yale undergraduate at Jonathan Edwards College, Ellmann was a member of Phi Beta Kappa (scholastic honor society); Chi Delta Theta (literary honor society); and, with James Jesus Angleton, a member of the Executive Editorial Board of the Yale Literary Magazine. He achieved "Scholar of the Second Rank" (current equivalent: magna cum laude). The 1939 Yale Banner undergraduate yearbook published an untitled Ellmann account (similar in concept and style to Oscar Wilde's parables which Ellmann later cited in his 1987 biography Oscar Wilde) of a chagrined Joseph, husband of Mary, and Jesus Christ's custodial father:
Joseph was no match for the angel and for Mary's flattering tears. He felt a wince of disappointment at the idea that she had had a vision too, but then she was his wife, and perhaps the whole family now had the prophetic gift. He would have to try it out, on the harvest. Meanwhile he would seek to forget his jealousy, despite the fact that the story sounded a bit fantastic to a reasonable man, which he guessed he was, and it would be well not to talk about it much outside. It was better to leave things the way they were. Not much of a wedding night, but one could tell white lies about that to one's friends.
Ellman later returned to teach at Yale, and there with Charles Feidelson Jr., he edited the important anthology, The Modern Tradition. He earlier taught at Northwestern, and at the University of Oxford, before serving as Emory University's Robert W. Woodruff Professor from 1980 until his death.
He was Goldsmiths' Professor of English Literature at Oxford University, 1970–1984, then Professor Emeritus, a fellow at New College, Oxford, Oxford, 1970–1987, and an extraordinary fellow at Wolfson College, Oxford from 1984 until his death. Additionally, he was a Fellow of the British Academy. In 1983 he delivered the British Academy's Sarah Tryphena Phillips Lecture in American Literature and History.
Ellmann used his knowledge of the Irish milieu to bring together four literary luminaries in Four Dubliners: Wilde, Yeats, Joyce, and Beckett (1987), a collection of essays first delivered at the Library of Congress.
His wife, the former Mary Donoghue (1921 – 1989), whom he married in 1949, was an essayist. The couple had three children: Stephen (b. 1951), a South Africa constitutional scholar, Maud (b. 1954), and Lucy (b. 1956), the first two became academics and the third a novelist and teacher of writing.
Ellmann died of motor neurone disease in Oxford on May 13, 1987, at the age of 69.
Many of his collected papers, artifacts, and ephemera were acquired by the University of Tulsa's McFarlin Library, Department of Special Collections and University Archives. Other manuscripts are housed in the Northwestern University's Library special collections department.
Biographies
Yeats
In Yeats: The Man and the Masks, Ellmann drew on conversations with George Yeats along with thousands of pages of unpublished manuscripts to write a critical examination of the poet's life.
Joyce
Ellmann is perhaps most well known for his literary biography of James Joyce, a revealing account of the life of one of the 20th century's most influential literary figures. Anthony Burgess called James Joyce "the greatest literary biography of the century." Edna O'Brien, the Irish novelist, remarked that "H. G. Wells said that Finnegans Wake was an immense riddle, and people find it too difficult to read. I have yet to meet anyone who has read and digested the whole of it—except perhaps my friend Richard Ellmann." Ellmann quotes extensively from Finnegans Wake as epigraphs in his biography of Joyce.
Wilde
Ellman's biography Oscar Wilde won a Pulitzer Prize. In it he examined Wilde's ascent to literary prominence and his public downfall. Posthumously Ellmann won both a U.S. National Book Critics Circle Award in 1988 and the 1989 Pulitzer Prize for Biography. The book was the basis for the 1997 film Wilde, directed by Brian Gilbert.
It is considered to be the definitive work on the subject. Ray Monk, a philosopher and biographer, described Ellmann's Oscar Wilde as a "rich, fascinating biography that succeeds in understanding another person".
The Richard Ellmann Lectures
The Richard Ellmann Lectures in Modern Literature at Emory University were established in his honor.
Richard Ellmann Lecturers
1988 Seamus Heaney
1990 Denis Donoghue
1992 Anthony Burgess (resigned; deceased)
1994 Helen Vendler
1996 Henry Louis Gates Jr.
1999 A. S. Byatt
2001 David Lodge
2004 Salman Rushdie
2006 Mario Vargas Llosa
2008 Umberto Eco
2010 Margaret Atwood
2013 Paul Simon
2017 Colm Tóibín
Bibliography
As author
Yeats: The Man And The Masks (1948; revised edition in 1979)
The Identity of Yeats (1954; second edition in 1964)
James Joyce (1959; revised edition in 1982)
Eminent Domain: Yeats among Wilde, Joyce, Pound, Eliot, and Auden (1970)
Literary Biography: An Inaugural Lecture Delivered Before the University of Oxford on 4 May 1971 (1971)
Ulysses on the Liffey (1972)
Golden Codgers: Biographical Speculations (1976)
The Consciousness of Joyce (1977)
James Joyce's hundredth birthday, side and front views: A lecture delivered at the Library of Congress on March 10, 1982 (1982)
Oscar Wilde at Oxford (1984)
W. B. Yeats's Second Puberty; A Lecture Delivered At The Library Of Congress On April 2, 1984 (1985)
Oscar Wilde (1987) [but see Horst Schroeder: Additions and Corrections to Richard Ellmann's OSCAR WILDE, second edition, revised and enlarged (2002)]
Four Dubliners: Wilde, Yeats, Joyce, and Beckett (1987)
a long the riverrun: Selected Essays (1988)
As editor
My Brother's Keeper: James Joyce's Early Years (Stanislaus Joyce; ed. Richard Ellmann, 1958)
The Critical Writings of James Joyce (Eds. Ellsworth Mason and Richard Ellmann, 1959)
Edwardians and Late Victorians (Edited and with a Foreword by Richard Ellmann, 1960)
The Modern Tradition: Backgrounds of Modern Literature (with Charles Feidelson, Jr., 1965)
Letters of James Joyce Vol. 2 (Ed. Richard Ellmann, 1966)
Letters of James Joyce Vol. 3 (Ed. Richard Ellmann, 1966)
Giacomo Joyce (James Joyce; ed. Richard Ellmann, 1968)
Oscar Wilde: a Collection of Critical Essays (Ed. Richard Ellmann, 1969)
The Artist as Critic: Critical Writings of Oscar Wilde" (Ed. Richard Ellmann, 1969)
The Norton Anthology of Modern Poetry (Eds. Richard Ellmann and Robert O'Clair, 1973)
Selected Letters of James Joyce (Ed. Richard Ellmann, 1975)
Modern Poems: An Introduction to Poetry (Eds. Richard Ellmann and Robert O'Clair, 1976)
The Picture of Dorian Gray and Other Writings by Oscar Wilde (Ed. Ellmann, 1982)
References
Sources
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''
External links
University of Tulsa McFarlin Library's inventory of the Richard Ellmann collection housed in their special collections department
Richard Ellmann Papers, Northwestern University Archives, Evanston, Illinois
1918 births
1987 deaths
20th-century American writers
Academics of the University of Oxford
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
American expatriates in the United Kingdom
American literary critics
United States Navy personnel of World War II
American people of Romanian-Jewish descent
American people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent
Deaths from motor neuron disease
Emory University faculty
Fellows of New College, Oxford
Fellows of the British Academy
Jewish American writers
James Joyce scholars
James Tait Black Memorial Prize recipients
National Book Award winners
Northwestern University faculty
People from Highland Park, Michigan
Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography winners
People of the Office of Strategic Services
W. B. Yeats scholars
Writers from Michigan
Yale University alumni
Yale University faculty
Neurological disease deaths in England | [
"Richard David Ellmann, FBA (March 15, 1918 – May 13, 1987) was an American literary critic and biographer of the Irish writers James Joyce, Oscar Wilde, and William Butler Yeats.",
"He won the U.S. National Book Award for Nonfiction for James Joyce (1959), which is one of the most acclaimed literary biographies of the 20th century.",
"Its 1982 revised edition was similarly recognised with the award of the James Tait Black Memorial Prize.",
"Ellmann was a liberal humanist, and his academic work focused on the major modernist writers of the twentieth century.",
"Life\nEllmann was born in Highland Park, Michigan, the second of three sons of James Isaac Ellman, a lawyer, and his wife Jeanette (née Barsook).",
"His father was a Romanian Jew and his mother was a Ukrainian Jew from Kiev.",
"Ellmann served in the United States Navy and Office of Strategic Services during World War II.",
"He studied at Yale University, receiving his B.A.",
"in 1939, his M.A.",
"in 1941, and his PhD (for which he won the John Addison Porter Prize) in 1947.",
"In 1947, he was awarded a B.Litt degree (an earlier form of the M.Litt) from the University of Dublin (Trinity College), where he was resident while researching his biography of Yeats.",
"As a Yale undergraduate at Jonathan Edwards College, Ellmann was a member of Phi Beta Kappa (scholastic honor society); Chi Delta Theta (literary honor society); and, with James Jesus Angleton, a member of the Executive Editorial Board of the Yale Literary Magazine.",
"He achieved \"Scholar of the Second Rank\" (current equivalent: magna cum laude).",
"The 1939 Yale Banner undergraduate yearbook published an untitled Ellmann account (similar in concept and style to Oscar Wilde's parables which Ellmann later cited in his 1987 biography Oscar Wilde) of a chagrined Joseph, husband of Mary, and Jesus Christ's custodial father:\nJoseph was no match for the angel and for Mary's flattering tears.",
"He felt a wince of disappointment at the idea that she had had a vision too, but then she was his wife, and perhaps the whole family now had the prophetic gift.",
"He would have to try it out, on the harvest.",
"Meanwhile he would seek to forget his jealousy, despite the fact that the story sounded a bit fantastic to a reasonable man, which he guessed he was, and it would be well not to talk about it much outside.",
"It was better to leave things the way they were.",
"Not much of a wedding night, but one could tell white lies about that to one's friends.",
"Ellman later returned to teach at Yale, and there with Charles Feidelson Jr., he edited the important anthology, The Modern Tradition.",
"He earlier taught at Northwestern, and at the University of Oxford, before serving as Emory University's Robert W. Woodruff Professor from 1980 until his death.",
"He was Goldsmiths' Professor of English Literature at Oxford University, 1970–1984, then Professor Emeritus, a fellow at New College, Oxford, Oxford, 1970–1987, and an extraordinary fellow at Wolfson College, Oxford from 1984 until his death.",
"Additionally, he was a Fellow of the British Academy.",
"In 1983 he delivered the British Academy's Sarah Tryphena Phillips Lecture in American Literature and History.",
"Ellmann used his knowledge of the Irish milieu to bring together four literary luminaries in Four Dubliners: Wilde, Yeats, Joyce, and Beckett (1987), a collection of essays first delivered at the Library of Congress.",
"His wife, the former Mary Donoghue (1921 – 1989), whom he married in 1949, was an essayist.",
"The couple had three children: Stephen (b.",
"1951), a South Africa constitutional scholar, Maud (b.",
"1954), and Lucy (b.",
"1956), the first two became academics and the third a novelist and teacher of writing.",
"Ellmann died of motor neurone disease in Oxford on May 13, 1987, at the age of 69.",
"Many of his collected papers, artifacts, and ephemera were acquired by the University of Tulsa's McFarlin Library, Department of Special Collections and University Archives.",
"Other manuscripts are housed in the Northwestern University's Library special collections department.",
"Biographies\n\nYeats\nIn Yeats: The Man and the Masks, Ellmann drew on conversations with George Yeats along with thousands of pages of unpublished manuscripts to write a critical examination of the poet's life.",
"Joyce\nEllmann is perhaps most well known for his literary biography of James Joyce, a revealing account of the life of one of the 20th century's most influential literary figures.",
"Anthony Burgess called James Joyce \"the greatest literary biography of the century.\"",
"Edna O'Brien, the Irish novelist, remarked that \"H. G. Wells said that Finnegans Wake was an immense riddle, and people find it too difficult to read.",
"I have yet to meet anyone who has read and digested the whole of it—except perhaps my friend Richard Ellmann.\"",
"Ellmann quotes extensively from Finnegans Wake as epigraphs in his biography of Joyce.",
"Wilde\nEllman's biography Oscar Wilde won a Pulitzer Prize.",
"In it he examined Wilde's ascent to literary prominence and his public downfall.",
"Posthumously Ellmann won both a U.S. National Book Critics Circle Award in 1988 and the 1989 Pulitzer Prize for Biography.",
"The book was the basis for the 1997 film Wilde, directed by Brian Gilbert.",
"It is considered to be the definitive work on the subject.",
"Ray Monk, a philosopher and biographer, described Ellmann's Oscar Wilde as a \"rich, fascinating biography that succeeds in understanding another person\".",
"The Richard Ellmann Lectures\nThe Richard Ellmann Lectures in Modern Literature at Emory University were established in his honor.",
"Richard Ellmann, 1958)\n The Critical Writings of James Joyce (Eds.",
"Ellsworth Mason and Richard Ellmann, 1959)\n Edwardians and Late Victorians (Edited and with a Foreword by Richard Ellmann, 1960)\n The Modern Tradition: Backgrounds of Modern Literature (with Charles Feidelson, Jr., 1965)\n Letters of James Joyce Vol.",
"2 (Ed.",
"Richard Ellmann, 1966)\n Letters of James Joyce Vol.",
"3 (Ed.",
"Richard Ellmann, 1966)\n Giacomo Joyce (James Joyce; ed.",
"Richard Ellmann, 1968)\n Oscar Wilde: a Collection of Critical Essays (Ed.",
"Richard Ellmann, 1969)\n The Artist as Critic: Critical Writings of Oscar Wilde\" (Ed.",
"Richard Ellmann, 1969)\n The Norton Anthology of Modern Poetry (Eds.",
"Richard Ellmann and Robert O'Clair, 1973)\n Selected Letters of James Joyce (Ed.",
"Richard Ellmann, 1975)\n Modern Poems: An Introduction to Poetry (Eds.",
"Richard Ellmann and Robert O'Clair, 1976)\n The Picture of Dorian Gray and Other Writings by Oscar Wilde (Ed.",
"Ellmann, 1982)\n\nReferences\n\nSources\n Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''\n\nExternal links\n University of Tulsa McFarlin Library's inventory of the Richard Ellmann collection housed in their special collections department\n Richard Ellmann Papers, Northwestern University Archives, Evanston, Illinois\n\n1918 births\n1987 deaths\n20th-century American writers\nAcademics of the University of Oxford\nAlumni of Trinity College Dublin\nAmerican expatriates in the United Kingdom\nAmerican literary critics\nUnited States Navy personnel of World War II\nAmerican people of Romanian-Jewish descent\nAmerican people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent\nDeaths from motor neuron disease\nEmory University faculty\nFellows of New College, Oxford\nFellows of the British Academy\nJewish American writers\nJames Joyce scholars\nJames Tait Black Memorial Prize recipients\nNational Book Award winners\nNorthwestern University faculty\nPeople from Highland Park, Michigan\nPulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography winners\nPeople of the Office of Strategic Services\nW. B. Yeats scholars\nWriters from Michigan\nYale University alumni\nYale University faculty\nNeurological disease deaths in England"
] | [
"The American literary critic and biographer Richard David Ellmann was born in 1918.",
"He won the U.S. National Book Award for Nonfiction for James Joyce, which is one of the most acclaimed literary biographies of the 20th century.",
"The James Tait Black Memorial Prize was given to the 1982 revised edition.",
"The major modernist writers of the twentieth century were the focus of Ellmann's academic work.",
"Life Ellmann was the second of three sons of James Ellman, a lawyer, and his wife Jeanette.",
"His father and mother were both Jews.",
"During World War II, Ellmann was in the United States Navy.",
"He received his B.A. from Yale University.",
"His M.A. was done in 1939.",
"He won the John Addison Porter Prize for his PhD in 1947.",
"He received a B.Litt degree in 1947 from the University of Dublin, where he was researching his biography of Yeats.",
"Ellmann was on the Executive Editorial Board of the Yale Literary Magazine, as well as being a member of several honor societies.",
"\"Scholar of the Second Rank\" is the equivalent of magna cum laude.",
"The Ellmann account, similar to Oscar Wilde's parables which Ellmann later cited in his 1987 biography Oscar Wilde, was published in the 1939 Yale Banner undergraduate yearbook.",
"He was a bit disappointed that she had a vision too, but then she was his wife, and perhaps the whole family had a prophetic gift.",
"On the harvest, he would have to try it.",
"He wanted to forget his jealousy, despite the fact that the story sounded fantastic to a reasonable man, and it would be well not to talk about it outside.",
"It was better to leave things as they were.",
"One could tell white lies to one's friends on a wedding night.",
"The Modern Tradition, an important anthology, was edited by Ellman and Charles Feidelson Jr.",
"He was a professor at the University of Oxford from 1980 until his death.",
"He was a fellow at New College, Oxford, and an extraordinary fellow at Wolfson College, Oxford, until his death.",
"He was a fellow of the British Academy.",
"He gave the British Academy's Sarah TryphenaPhillips lecture in 1983.",
"Four Dubliners: Wilde, Yeats, Joyce, and Beckett was a collection of essays first delivered at the Library of Congress.",
"Mary Donoghue, who he married in 1949, was an essayist.",
"Stephen was one of the couple's three children.",
"South Africa's constitutional scholar, Maud, was born in 1951.",
"Lucy was born in 1954.",
"The first two became academics and the third a novelist.",
"Ellmann died of motor neurone disease in Oxford at the age of 69.",
"The Department of Special Collections and University Archives at the University of Tulsa acquired many of his papers.",
"There are manuscripts in the library.",
"A critical examination of the poet's life was written by Ellmann in Yeats: The Man and the Masks.",
"Joyce Ellmann's biography of James Joyce is a revealing account of the life of one of the 20th century's most influential literary figures.",
"James Joyce was called the greatest literary biography of the century.",
"H. G. Wells said that Finnegans Wake was too difficult to read.",
"I haven't met anyone who has read the whole thing, except my friend Richard Ellmann.",
"In his biography of Joyce, Ellmann quotes a lot from Finnegans Wake.",
"Oscar Wilde's biography won a Pulitzer Prize.",
"He looked at Wilde's rise to literary prominence and his downfall.",
"Ellmann won both the Pulitzer Prize for Biography and the U.S. National Book Critics Circle Award.",
"Wilde was directed by Brian Gilbert and was based on the book.",
"It is considered to be the definitive work on the subject.",
"Ellmann's Oscar Wilde is described by Ray Monk as a \"rich, fascinating biography that succeeds in understanding another person\".",
"The Richard Ellmann Lectures in Modern Literature were established in his honor.",
"The Critical Writings of James Joyce was written by Richard Ellmann.",
"The Modern Tradition: Backgrounds of Modern Literature was written by Richard Ellmann and Ellsworth Mason.",
"2nd ed.",
"The letters of James Joyce were written by Richard Ellmann.",
"This is the first in a series of 3.",
"James Joyce; ed. was written by Richard Ellmann.",
"Oscar Wilde: a Collection of Critical Essays was written by Richard Ellmann.",
"The Artist as Critic: Critical Writings of Oscar Wilde was written by Richard Ellmann.",
"TheNorton anthology of modern poetry was written by Richard Ellmann.",
"The letters of James Joyce were written by Richard Ellmann and Robert O'Clair.",
"Richard Ellmann wrote an introduction to poetry.",
"Oscar Wilde wrote The Picture of Dorian Gray and Other Writings.",
"The Richard Ellmann collection is housed in the special collections department at the University of Tulsa."
] | <mask>, FBA (March 15, 1918 – May 13, 1987) was an American literary critic and biographer of the Irish writers James Joyce, Oscar Wilde, and William Butler Yeats. He won the U.S. National Book Award for Nonfiction for James Joyce (1959), which is one of the most acclaimed literary biographies of the 20th century. Its 1982 revised edition was similarly recognised with the award of the James Tait Black Memorial Prize. Ellmann was a liberal humanist, and his academic work focused on the major modernist writers of the twentieth century. <mask> was born in Highland Park, Michigan, the second of three sons of James Isaac Ellman, a lawyer, and his wife Jeanette (née Barsook). His father was a Romanian Jew and his mother was a Ukrainian Jew from Kiev. Ellmann served in the United States Navy and Office of Strategic Services during World War II.He studied at Yale University, receiving his B.A. in 1939, his M.A. in 1941, and his PhD (for which he won the John Addison Porter Prize) in 1947. In 1947, he was awarded a B.Litt degree (an earlier form of the M.Litt) from the University of Dublin (Trinity College), where he was resident while researching his biography of Yeats. As a Yale undergraduate at Jonathan Edwards College, Ellmann was a member of Phi Beta Kappa (scholastic honor society); Chi Delta Theta (literary honor society); and, with James Jesus Angleton, a member of the Executive Editorial Board of the Yale Literary Magazine. He achieved "Scholar of the Second Rank" (current equivalent: magna cum laude). The 1939 Yale Banner undergraduate yearbook published an untitled Ellmann account (similar in concept and style to Oscar Wilde's parables which Ellmann later cited in his 1987 biography Oscar Wilde) of a chagrined Joseph, husband of Mary, and Jesus Christ's custodial father:
Joseph was no match for the angel and for Mary's flattering tears.He felt a wince of disappointment at the idea that she had had a vision too, but then she was his wife, and perhaps the whole family now had the prophetic gift. He would have to try it out, on the harvest. Meanwhile he would seek to forget his jealousy, despite the fact that the story sounded a bit fantastic to a reasonable man, which he guessed he was, and it would be well not to talk about it much outside. It was better to leave things the way they were. Not much of a wedding night, but one could tell white lies about that to one's friends. Ellman later returned to teach at Yale, and there with Charles Feidelson Jr., he edited the important anthology, The Modern Tradition. He earlier taught at Northwestern, and at the University of Oxford, before serving as Emory University's Robert W. Woodruff Professor from 1980 until his death.He was Goldsmiths' Professor of English Literature at Oxford University, 1970–1984, then Professor Emeritus, a fellow at New College, Oxford, Oxford, 1970–1987, and an extraordinary fellow at Wolfson College, Oxford from 1984 until his death. Additionally, he was a Fellow of the British Academy. In 1983 he delivered the British Academy's Sarah Tryphena Phillips Lecture in American Literature and History. Ellmann used his knowledge of the Irish milieu to bring together four literary luminaries in Four Dubliners: Wilde, Yeats, Joyce, and Beckett (1987), a collection of essays first delivered at the Library of Congress. His wife, the former Mary Donoghue (1921 – 1989), whom he married in 1949, was an essayist. The couple had three children: Stephen (b. 1951), a South Africa constitutional scholar, Maud (b.1954), and Lucy (b. 1956), the first two became academics and the third a novelist and teacher of writing. Ellmann died of motor neurone disease in Oxford on May 13, 1987, at the age of 69. Many of his collected papers, artifacts, and ephemera were acquired by the University of Tulsa's McFarlin Library, Department of Special Collections and University Archives. Other manuscripts are housed in the Northwestern University's Library special collections department. Biographies
Yeats
In Yeats: The Man and the Masks, Ellmann drew on conversations with George Yeats along with thousands of pages of unpublished manuscripts to write a critical examination of the poet's life. Joyce
Ellmann is perhaps most well known for his literary biography of James Joyce, a revealing account of the life of one of the 20th century's most influential literary figures.Anthony Burgess called James Joyce "the greatest literary biography of the century." Edna O'Brien, the Irish novelist, remarked that "H. G. Wells said that Finnegans Wake was an immense riddle, and people find it too difficult to read. I have yet to meet anyone who has read and digested the whole of it—except perhaps my friend <mask>n." Ellmann quotes extensively from Finnegans Wake as epigraphs in his biography of Joyce. Wilde
Ellman's biography Oscar Wilde won a Pulitzer Prize. In it he examined Wilde's ascent to literary prominence and his public downfall. Posthumously Ellmann won both a U.S. National Book Critics Circle Award in 1988 and the 1989 Pulitzer Prize for Biography.The book was the basis for the 1997 film Wilde, directed by Brian Gilbert. It is considered to be the definitive work on the subject. Ray Monk, a philosopher and biographer, described Ellmann's Oscar Wilde as a "rich, fascinating biography that succeeds in understanding another person". The <mask> Lectures
The <mask> Lectures in Modern Literature at Emory University were established in his honor. <mask>n, 1958)
The Critical Writings of James Joyce (Eds. Ellsworth Mason and <mask>n, 1959)
Edwardians and Late Victorians (Edited and with a Foreword by <mask>n, 1960)
The Modern Tradition: Backgrounds of Modern Literature (with Charles Feidelson, Jr., 1965)
Letters of James Joyce Vol. 2 (Ed.<mask>n, 1966)
Letters of James Joyce Vol. 3 (Ed. <mask>, 1966)
Giacomo Joyce (James Joyce; ed. <mask>n, 1968)
Oscar Wilde: a Collection of Critical Essays (Ed. <mask>n, 1969)
The Artist as Critic: Critical Writings of Oscar Wilde" (Ed. <mask>n, 1969)
The Norton Anthology of Modern Poetry (Eds. <mask>n and Robert O'Clair, 1973)
Selected Letters of James Joyce (Ed.<mask>n, 1975)
Modern Poems: An Introduction to Poetry (Eds. <mask> and Robert O'Clair, 1976)
The Picture of Dorian Gray and Other Writings by Oscar Wilde (Ed. Ellmann, 1982)
References
Sources
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''
External links
University of Tulsa McFarlin Library's inventory of the <mask>n collection housed in their special collections department
<mask>n Papers, Northwestern University Archives, Evanston, Illinois
1918 births
1987 deaths
20th-century American writers
Academics of the University of Oxford
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
American expatriates in the United Kingdom
American literary critics
United States Navy personnel of World War II
American people of Romanian-Jewish descent
American people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent
Deaths from motor neuron disease
Emory University faculty
Fellows of New College, Oxford
Fellows of the British Academy
Jewish American writers
James Joyce scholars
James Tait Black Memorial Prize recipients
National Book Award winners
Northwestern University faculty
People from Highland Park, Michigan
Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography winners
People of the Office of Strategic Services
W. B. Yeats scholars
Writers from Michigan
Yale University alumni
Yale University faculty
Neurological disease deaths in England | [
"Richard David Ellmann",
"Life Ellmann",
"Richard Ellman",
"Richard Ellmann",
"Richard Ellmann",
"Richard Ellman",
"Richard Ellman",
"Richard Ellman",
"Richard Ellman",
"Richard Ellmann",
"Richard Ellman",
"Richard Ellman",
"Richard Ellman",
"Richard Ellman",
"Richard Ellman",
"Richard Ellmann",
"Richard Ellman",
"Richard Ellman"
] | The American literary critic and biographer <mask>n was born in 1918. He won the U.S. National Book Award for Nonfiction for James Joyce, which is one of the most acclaimed literary biographies of the 20th century. The James Tait Black Memorial Prize was given to the 1982 revised edition. The major modernist writers of the twentieth century were the focus of Ellmann's academic work. Life Ellmann was the second of three sons of James Ellman, a lawyer, and his wife Jeanette. His father and mother were both Jews. During World War II, Ellmann was in the United States Navy.He received his B.A. from Yale University. His M.A. was done in 1939. He won the John Addison Porter Prize for his PhD in 1947. He received a B.Litt degree in 1947 from the University of Dublin, where he was researching his biography of Yeats. Ellmann was on the Executive Editorial Board of the Yale Literary Magazine, as well as being a member of several honor societies. "Scholar of the Second Rank" is the equivalent of magna cum laude. The Ellmann account, similar to Oscar Wilde's parables which Ellmann later cited in his 1987 biography Oscar Wilde, was published in the 1939 Yale Banner undergraduate yearbook.He was a bit disappointed that she had a vision too, but then she was his wife, and perhaps the whole family had a prophetic gift. On the harvest, he would have to try it. He wanted to forget his jealousy, despite the fact that the story sounded fantastic to a reasonable man, and it would be well not to talk about it outside. It was better to leave things as they were. One could tell white lies to one's friends on a wedding night. The Modern Tradition, an important anthology, was edited by Ellman and Charles Feidelson Jr. He was a professor at the University of Oxford from 1980 until his death.He was a fellow at New College, Oxford, and an extraordinary fellow at Wolfson College, Oxford, until his death. He was a fellow of the British Academy. He gave the British Academy's Sarah TryphenaPhillips lecture in 1983. Four Dubliners: Wilde, Yeats, Joyce, and Beckett was a collection of essays first delivered at the Library of Congress. Mary Donoghue, who he married in 1949, was an essayist. Stephen was one of the couple's three children. South Africa's constitutional scholar, Maud, was born in 1951.Lucy was born in 1954. The first two became academics and the third a novelist. Ellmann died of motor neurone disease in Oxford at the age of 69. The Department of Special Collections and University Archives at the University of Tulsa acquired many of his papers. There are manuscripts in the library. A critical examination of the poet's life was written by Ellmann in Yeats: The Man and the Masks. Joyce Ellmann's biography of James Joyce is a revealing account of the life of one of the 20th century's most influential literary figures.James Joyce was called the greatest literary biography of the century. H. G. Wells said that Finnegans Wake was too difficult to read. I haven't met anyone who has read the whole thing, except my friend <mask>n. In his biography of Joyce, Ellmann quotes a lot from Finnegans Wake. Oscar Wilde's biography won a Pulitzer Prize. He looked at Wilde's rise to literary prominence and his downfall. Ellmann won both the Pulitzer Prize for Biography and the U.S. National Book Critics Circle Award.Wilde was directed by Brian Gilbert and was based on the book. It is considered to be the definitive work on the subject. Ellmann's Oscar Wilde is described by Ray Monk as a "rich, fascinating biography that succeeds in understanding another person". The <mask>n Lectures in Modern Literature were established in his honor. The Critical Writings of James Joyce was written by <mask>n. The Modern Tradition: Backgrounds of Modern Literature was written by <mask> and Ellsworth Mason. 2nd ed.The letters of James Joyce were written by <mask>n. This is the first in a series of 3. James Joyce; ed. was written by <mask>n. Oscar Wilde: a Collection of Critical Essays was written by <mask>n. The Artist as Critic: Critical Writings of Oscar Wilde was written by <mask>n. TheNorton anthology of modern poetry was written by <mask>n. The letters of James Joyce were written by <mask>n and Robert O'Clair.<mask> wrote an introduction to poetry. Oscar Wilde wrote The Picture of Dorian Gray and Other Writings. The <mask>n collection is housed in the special collections department at the University of Tulsa. | [
"Richard David Ellman",
"Richard Ellman",
"Richard Ellman",
"Richard Ellman",
"Richard Ellmann",
"Richard Ellman",
"Richard Ellman",
"Richard Ellman",
"Richard Ellman",
"Richard Ellman",
"Richard Ellman",
"Richard Ellmann",
"Richard Ellman"
] |
32170111 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike%20Fitzgerald%20%28sociologist%29 | Mike Fitzgerald (sociologist) | Mike Fitzgerald (born 1951) is a criminologist, former higher education manager and consultant. He was Vice-Chancellor of Thames Valley University in the 1990s.
Background
Fitzgerald grew up on Merseyside. He attended Catholic grammar school in Crosby, Merseyside and gained entry to the University of Cambridge to read Social Sciences, graduating in the early 1970s. In 1977 he was awarded a PhD by the University of Leicester for Prisoners in Revolt a study which looked at the attempt by the organisation Preservation of the Rights of Prisoners to organise prisoners into a union.
Scholarly work
Fitzgerald began an academic career in the 1970s at Leicester University sociology department as a tutorial assistant for two years. In 1975, he went to the Open University, as a lecturer in Social Policy. He helped build the social sciences faculty into one of the best in the UK, persuading Stuart Hall and other well known sociologists to take up posts there. He was involved in the OU's innovative teaching modes and joint publications. He was expert in the sociology of prisons and policing in Britain and internationally, publishing several books on these topics
Academic management, and Thames Valley University
Fitzgerald latterly became Dean and Director of Studies in the Faculty of Social Sciences at the Open University, then left in 1987/8 to become Deputy Director for Academic Development at Coventry Polytechnic.
He was appointed Vice-Chancellor and Chief Executive of Thames Valley University (TVU) in 1991, at 41 years of age the youngest VC in Britain. TVU had been a college of higher education, then became a polytechnic and quickly applied for and received full university status.
His personal characteristics came to define the image and policies of the new university. He was known for his flamboyant style, sporting an earring, peroxide hair, Armani suits and drove a car with an M4TVU numberplate. His office had no desk, but a sofa and a jukebox. He was the first person ever to use a swearword on the front page of Times Higher Education in 1996. He was elected vice chair of the Committee of Vice-Chancellors and Principals in 1996. "At 45 he believes he is the youngest vice chancellor, but after five years at TVU – seeing it through a transformation from institute of higher education to polytechnic to university – he is far from the least experienced. Peer respect for the sharp mind behind a laddish exterior was signalled last week when the CVCP council chose him as vice chair in succession to David Melville of Middlesex University."
Fitzgerald was a passionate advocate for widening participation in higher education. In the mid-1990s, less than a third of eighteen-year-olds went into UK higher education. Fitzgerald used his experience at the Open University and in the polytechnic sector to create a new learning environment to support and sustain a mass system of higher education. As he had experienced at Cambridge and learnt at the Open University, assessment was a key vehicle for teaching itself, and so he argued for continuous, student-driven learning. He envisaged a "student driven university" led by a "New Learning Environment", which sought to use new media along with some traditional teaching, and whose learning outcomes were career-driven rather than classically academic and disciplinary in nature. He said: "Just as you need students to be active learners, so you need teachers to be active tutors. A lecture-driven model renders both teachers and learners passive." "...education is something you do; it's not something that happens to you. It is an active process". He initiated the Paul Hamlyn Learning Resource Centre at the Slough campus (now sold), and introduced new areas of study including courses in performance rock music, and digital technologies, computer animation and games. Though such courses are now commonplace, at the time they were held up as examples of "dumbing down" and lowering of standards.
Fitzgerald's changes, while prescient in many ways, were instituted rapidly. They were opposed by the staff union of TVU because they led to negative terms and conditions for employees, and poorer and rapidly changing conditions for academics. There were only two years during his tenure that no industrial action was held. He was frustrated that some academic staff were not on board with his vision of a "New Learning Environment".
Poor relations with some of the teaching staff, combined with the very rapid pace of change and reliance on new computer technologies, created the greatest problems for his management. A scandal over low pass marks for resit exam candidates was quickly redressed by Fitzgerald in October 1997. He also called in the Quality Assurance Agency. The industrial disputes with staff clearly had a negative impact on meeting marking deadlines, and thus on student progression. The QAA report gave negative evaluations of TVU's academic standards in many areas – registration, timetabling, validation, student support and assessment systems. The report said "The University chose to implement this vision of a New Learning Environment at the same time as it completely recast the underpinning academic-related administration. As we believe might have been anticipated, this subjected the institution, its staff and its systems, to stresses which it was not able to bear." Despite widespread suspicion that the QAA had sought to exercise its authority by exaggerating what had been an administrative crisis rather than finding any genuine loss of academic credibility, Fitzgerald resigned in 1998 after the QAA report was published and a management team led by first Sir William Taylor then Ken Barker took over, ironically initiating more staff redundancies and closures.
Fitzgerald worked as an education consultant, but in 2001 he underwent heart surgery, and has not worked since. He is no longer in the public eye, and the only mention of him in recent years has been as an occasional theatre critic at the Edinburgh Festivals.
Media
Fitzgerald was well connected with Britain's 'New' Labour Party led by Tony Blair. Tony Blair and David Blunkett opened the Paul Hamlyn Learning Resource Centre on the Slough campus in 1996 with the rejoinder: 'Why, I wonder, can't every university be like TVU?'.
Fitzgerald made frequent appearances on British television. He also published regular columns on education policy.
Private Eye magazine ran a column about a "trendy Vice Chancellor" in the 1990s, based on Fitzgerald.
References
1951 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Academics of the University of West London
Academics of the University of Leicester
Academics of the Open University
British criminologists
Criminologists
Vice-Chancellors by university in England | [
"Mike Fitzgerald (born 1951) is a criminologist, former higher education manager and consultant.",
"He was Vice-Chancellor of Thames Valley University in the 1990s.",
"Background\nFitzgerald grew up on Merseyside.",
"He attended Catholic grammar school in Crosby, Merseyside and gained entry to the University of Cambridge to read Social Sciences, graduating in the early 1970s.",
"In 1977 he was awarded a PhD by the University of Leicester for Prisoners in Revolt a study which looked at the attempt by the organisation Preservation of the Rights of Prisoners to organise prisoners into a union.",
"Scholarly work\nFitzgerald began an academic career in the 1970s at Leicester University sociology department as a tutorial assistant for two years.",
"In 1975, he went to the Open University, as a lecturer in Social Policy.",
"He helped build the social sciences faculty into one of the best in the UK, persuading Stuart Hall and other well known sociologists to take up posts there.",
"He was involved in the OU's innovative teaching modes and joint publications.",
"He was expert in the sociology of prisons and policing in Britain and internationally, publishing several books on these topics\n\nAcademic management, and Thames Valley University\n\nFitzgerald latterly became Dean and Director of Studies in the Faculty of Social Sciences at the Open University, then left in 1987/8 to become Deputy Director for Academic Development at Coventry Polytechnic.",
"He was appointed Vice-Chancellor and Chief Executive of Thames Valley University (TVU) in 1991, at 41 years of age the youngest VC in Britain.",
"TVU had been a college of higher education, then became a polytechnic and quickly applied for and received full university status.",
"His personal characteristics came to define the image and policies of the new university.",
"He was known for his flamboyant style, sporting an earring, peroxide hair, Armani suits and drove a car with an M4TVU numberplate.",
"His office had no desk, but a sofa and a jukebox.",
"He was the first person ever to use a swearword on the front page of Times Higher Education in 1996.",
"He was elected vice chair of the Committee of Vice-Chancellors and Principals in 1996.",
"\"At 45 he believes he is the youngest vice chancellor, but after five years at TVU – seeing it through a transformation from institute of higher education to polytechnic to university – he is far from the least experienced.",
"Peer respect for the sharp mind behind a laddish exterior was signalled last week when the CVCP council chose him as vice chair in succession to David Melville of Middlesex University.\"",
"Fitzgerald was a passionate advocate for widening participation in higher education.",
"In the mid-1990s, less than a third of eighteen-year-olds went into UK higher education.",
"Fitzgerald used his experience at the Open University and in the polytechnic sector to create a new learning environment to support and sustain a mass system of higher education.",
"As he had experienced at Cambridge and learnt at the Open University, assessment was a key vehicle for teaching itself, and so he argued for continuous, student-driven learning.",
"He envisaged a \"student driven university\" led by a \"New Learning Environment\", which sought to use new media along with some traditional teaching, and whose learning outcomes were career-driven rather than classically academic and disciplinary in nature.",
"He said: \"Just as you need students to be active learners, so you need teachers to be active tutors.",
"A lecture-driven model renders both teachers and learners passive.\"",
"\"...education is something you do; it's not something that happens to you.",
"It is an active process\".",
"He initiated the Paul Hamlyn Learning Resource Centre at the Slough campus (now sold), and introduced new areas of study including courses in performance rock music, and digital technologies, computer animation and games.",
"Though such courses are now commonplace, at the time they were held up as examples of \"dumbing down\" and lowering of standards.",
"Fitzgerald's changes, while prescient in many ways, were instituted rapidly.",
"They were opposed by the staff union of TVU because they led to negative terms and conditions for employees, and poorer and rapidly changing conditions for academics.",
"There were only two years during his tenure that no industrial action was held.",
"He was frustrated that some academic staff were not on board with his vision of a \"New Learning Environment\".",
"Poor relations with some of the teaching staff, combined with the very rapid pace of change and reliance on new computer technologies, created the greatest problems for his management.",
"A scandal over low pass marks for resit exam candidates was quickly redressed by Fitzgerald in October 1997.",
"He also called in the Quality Assurance Agency.",
"The industrial disputes with staff clearly had a negative impact on meeting marking deadlines, and thus on student progression.",
"The QAA report gave negative evaluations of TVU's academic standards in many areas – registration, timetabling, validation, student support and assessment systems.",
"The report said \"The University chose to implement this vision of a New Learning Environment at the same time as it completely recast the underpinning academic-related administration.",
"As we believe might have been anticipated, this subjected the institution, its staff and its systems, to stresses which it was not able to bear.\"",
"Despite widespread suspicion that the QAA had sought to exercise its authority by exaggerating what had been an administrative crisis rather than finding any genuine loss of academic credibility, Fitzgerald resigned in 1998 after the QAA report was published and a management team led by first Sir William Taylor then Ken Barker took over, ironically initiating more staff redundancies and closures.",
"Fitzgerald worked as an education consultant, but in 2001 he underwent heart surgery, and has not worked since.",
"He is no longer in the public eye, and the only mention of him in recent years has been as an occasional theatre critic at the Edinburgh Festivals.",
"Media\nFitzgerald was well connected with Britain's 'New' Labour Party led by Tony Blair.",
"Tony Blair and David Blunkett opened the Paul Hamlyn Learning Resource Centre on the Slough campus in 1996 with the rejoinder: 'Why, I wonder, can't every university be like TVU?'.",
"Fitzgerald made frequent appearances on British television.",
"He also published regular columns on education policy.",
"Private Eye magazine ran a column about a \"trendy Vice Chancellor\" in the 1990s, based on Fitzgerald.",
"References\n\n1951 births\nLiving people\nAlumni of the University of Cambridge\nAcademics of the University of West London\nAcademics of the University of Leicester\nAcademics of the Open University\nBritish criminologists\nCriminologists\nVice-Chancellors by university in England"
] | [
"Mike Fitzgerald was a higher education manager and consultant.",
"He was the Vice-Chancellor at the time.",
"Fitzgerald grew up in the area.",
"He graduated from the University of Cambridge in the early 1970s with a degree in Social Sciences.",
"He received a PhD from the University of Leicester in 1977 for his work on the attempt by the organisation Preservation of the Rights of Prisoners to organize prisoners into a union.",
"Fitzgerald began his academic career in the 70s as a tutor in the sociology department.",
"He was a lecturer in Social Policy at the Open University.",
"He helped build the social sciences faculty into one of the best in the UK, persuading Stuart Hall and other well known sociologists to take up posts there.",
"The OU's innovative teaching modes and joint publications were worked on by him.",
"Fitzgerald was the author of several books on sociology of prisons and policing in Britain and internationally, as well as being the Dean and Director of Studies in the Faculty of Social Sciences at the Open University.",
"He was appointed Vice-Chancellor and Chief Executive of TVU at the age of 41, making him the youngest VC in Britain.",
"TVU applied for and received full university status after becoming a polytechnic.",
"The image and policies of the new university were determined by his personal characteristics.",
"He drove a car with an M4TVU numberplate and was known for his flamboyant style.",
"His office had a sofa and a musical instrument.",
"He used a swearword on the front page of Times Higher Education.",
"In 1996, he was elected vice chair of the Committee of Vice-Chancellors and Principals.",
"He believes he is the youngest vice chancellor, but after five years at TVU, he is far from the least experienced.",
"Peer respect for the sharp mind behind a laddish exterior was signaled last week when the CVCP council chose him as vice chair in succession to David Melville.",
"Fitzgerald advocated for widening participation in higher education.",
"Less than a third of eighteen-year-olds went into UK higher education in the mid 1990s.",
"Fitzgerald used his experience at the Open University and in the polytechnic sector to create a new learning environment to support and sustain a mass system of higher education.",
"He argued for continuous, student-driven learning due to the fact that assessment was a key vehicle for teaching itself.",
"He thought of a \"student driven university\" that used new media along with traditional teaching and had learning outcomes that were career driven rather than academic.",
"\"Just as you need students to be active learners, so you need teachers to be active tutors,\" he said.",
"Both teachers and learners are passive because of a lecture-driven model.",
"Education isn't something that happens to you.",
"It's an active process.",
"Performance rock music, digital technologies, computer animation and games are some of the new areas of study introduced by the Paul Hamlyn Learning Resource Centre.",
"At the time, these courses were seen as examples of dumbing down and lowering of standards.",
"Fitzgerald's changes were implemented quickly.",
"The staff union of TVU opposed them because they led to negative terms and conditions for employees, and poorer and rapidly changing conditions for academics.",
"During his tenure, no industrial action was held.",
"Some academic staff were not on board with his vision of a \"New Learning Environment\".",
"Poor relations with some of the teaching staff, along with the rapid pace of change and reliance on new computer technologies, created the greatest problems for his management.",
"There was a scandal over low pass marks for the exam.",
"The Quality Assurance Agency was also called in by him.",
"Meeting marking deadlines was negatively impacted by the industrial disputes with staff.",
"The report gave negative evaluations of TVU's academic standards in many areas.",
"The University chose to implement this vision of a New Learning Environment at the same time as it completely recast the underpinning academic-related administration.",
"The institution, its staff and its systems were subjected to stresses which they were not able to bear.",
"Despite widespread suspicion that the QAA had sought to exercise its authority by exaggerating what had been an administrative crisis rather than finding any genuine loss of academic credibility, Fitzgerald resigned in 1998 after the QAA report was published and a management team led by first Sir William Taylor then Ken Barker took over.",
"Fitzgerald had heart surgery in 2001 and hasn't worked since.",
"The only mention of him in recent years has been as an occasional theatre critic at the Edinburgh Festivals.",
"Tony Blair is the leader of Britain's 'New' Labour Party.",
"The Paul Hamlyn Learning Resource Centre was opened by Tony Blair and David Blunkett in 1996, with the rejoinder: \"Why, I wonder, can't every university be like TVU?\"",
"Fitzgerald frequently appeared on British television.",
"He wrote regular columns on education policy.",
"Private Eye magazine ran a column about a \"trendy Vice Chancellor\" in the 1990s.",
"References include the University of Cambridge Academics, the University of West London Academics, and the Open University British criminologists."
] | <mask> (born 1951) is a criminologist, former higher education manager and consultant. He was Vice-Chancellor of Thames Valley University in the 1990s. Background
<mask> grew up on Merseyside. He attended Catholic grammar school in Crosby, Merseyside and gained entry to the University of Cambridge to read Social Sciences, graduating in the early 1970s. In 1977 he was awarded a PhD by the University of Leicester for Prisoners in Revolt a study which looked at the attempt by the organisation Preservation of the Rights of Prisoners to organise prisoners into a union. Scholarly work
<mask> began an academic career in the 1970s at Leicester University sociology department as a tutorial assistant for two years. In 1975, he went to the Open University, as a lecturer in Social Policy.He helped build the social sciences faculty into one of the best in the UK, persuading Stuart Hall and other well known sociologists to take up posts there. He was involved in the OU's innovative teaching modes and joint publications. He was expert in the sociology of prisons and policing in Britain and internationally, publishing several books on these topics
Academic management, and Thames Valley University
<mask> latterly became Dean and Director of Studies in the Faculty of Social Sciences at the Open University, then left in 1987/8 to become Deputy Director for Academic Development at Coventry Polytechnic. He was appointed Vice-Chancellor and Chief Executive of Thames Valley University (TVU) in 1991, at 41 years of age the youngest VC in Britain. TVU had been a college of higher education, then became a polytechnic and quickly applied for and received full university status. His personal characteristics came to define the image and policies of the new university. He was known for his flamboyant style, sporting an earring, peroxide hair, Armani suits and drove a car with an M4TVU numberplate.His office had no desk, but a sofa and a jukebox. He was the first person ever to use a swearword on the front page of Times Higher Education in 1996. He was elected vice chair of the Committee of Vice-Chancellors and Principals in 1996. "At 45 he believes he is the youngest vice chancellor, but after five years at TVU – seeing it through a transformation from institute of higher education to polytechnic to university – he is far from the least experienced. Peer respect for the sharp mind behind a laddish exterior was signalled last week when the CVCP council chose him as vice chair in succession to David Melville of Middlesex University." <mask> was a passionate advocate for widening participation in higher education. In the mid-1990s, less than a third of eighteen-year-olds went into UK higher education.<mask> used his experience at the Open University and in the polytechnic sector to create a new learning environment to support and sustain a mass system of higher education. As he had experienced at Cambridge and learnt at the Open University, assessment was a key vehicle for teaching itself, and so he argued for continuous, student-driven learning. He envisaged a "student driven university" led by a "New Learning Environment", which sought to use new media along with some traditional teaching, and whose learning outcomes were career-driven rather than classically academic and disciplinary in nature. He said: "Just as you need students to be active learners, so you need teachers to be active tutors. A lecture-driven model renders both teachers and learners passive." "...education is something you do; it's not something that happens to you. It is an active process".He initiated the Paul Hamlyn Learning Resource Centre at the Slough campus (now sold), and introduced new areas of study including courses in performance rock music, and digital technologies, computer animation and games. Though such courses are now commonplace, at the time they were held up as examples of "dumbing down" and lowering of standards. <mask>'s changes, while prescient in many ways, were instituted rapidly. They were opposed by the staff union of TVU because they led to negative terms and conditions for employees, and poorer and rapidly changing conditions for academics. There were only two years during his tenure that no industrial action was held. He was frustrated that some academic staff were not on board with his vision of a "New Learning Environment". Poor relations with some of the teaching staff, combined with the very rapid pace of change and reliance on new computer technologies, created the greatest problems for his management.A scandal over low pass marks for resit exam candidates was quickly redressed by <mask> in October 1997. He also called in the Quality Assurance Agency. The industrial disputes with staff clearly had a negative impact on meeting marking deadlines, and thus on student progression. The QAA report gave negative evaluations of TVU's academic standards in many areas – registration, timetabling, validation, student support and assessment systems. The report said "The University chose to implement this vision of a New Learning Environment at the same time as it completely recast the underpinning academic-related administration. As we believe might have been anticipated, this subjected the institution, its staff and its systems, to stresses which it was not able to bear." Despite widespread suspicion that the QAA had sought to exercise its authority by exaggerating what had been an administrative crisis rather than finding any genuine loss of academic credibility, <mask> resigned in 1998 after the QAA report was published and a management team led by first Sir William Taylor then Ken Barker took over, ironically initiating more staff redundancies and closures.<mask> worked as an education consultant, but in 2001 he underwent heart surgery, and has not worked since. He is no longer in the public eye, and the only mention of him in recent years has been as an occasional theatre critic at the Edinburgh Festivals. Media
<mask> was well connected with Britain's 'New' Labour Party led by Tony Blair. Tony Blair and David Blunkett opened the Paul Hamlyn Learning Resource Centre on the Slough campus in 1996 with the rejoinder: 'Why, I wonder, can't every university be like TVU?'. <mask> made frequent appearances on British television. He also published regular columns on education policy. Private Eye magazine ran a column about a "trendy Vice Chancellor" in the 1990s, based on <mask>.References
1951 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Academics of the University of West London
Academics of the University of Leicester
Academics of the Open University
British criminologists
Criminologists
Vice-Chancellors by university in England | [
"Mike Fitzgerald",
"Fitzgerald",
"Fitzgerald",
"Fitzgerald",
"Fitzgerald",
"Fitzgerald",
"Fitzgerald",
"Fitzgerald",
"Fitzgerald",
"Fitzgerald",
"Fitzgerald",
"Fitzgerald",
"Fitzgerald"
] | <mask> was a higher education manager and consultant. He was the Vice-Chancellor at the time. <mask> grew up in the area. He graduated from the University of Cambridge in the early 1970s with a degree in Social Sciences. He received a PhD from the University of Leicester in 1977 for his work on the attempt by the organisation Preservation of the Rights of Prisoners to organize prisoners into a union. <mask> began his academic career in the 70s as a tutor in the sociology department. He was a lecturer in Social Policy at the Open University.He helped build the social sciences faculty into one of the best in the UK, persuading Stuart Hall and other well known sociologists to take up posts there. The OU's innovative teaching modes and joint publications were worked on by him. <mask> was the author of several books on sociology of prisons and policing in Britain and internationally, as well as being the Dean and Director of Studies in the Faculty of Social Sciences at the Open University. He was appointed Vice-Chancellor and Chief Executive of TVU at the age of 41, making him the youngest VC in Britain. TVU applied for and received full university status after becoming a polytechnic. The image and policies of the new university were determined by his personal characteristics. He drove a car with an M4TVU numberplate and was known for his flamboyant style.His office had a sofa and a musical instrument. He used a swearword on the front page of Times Higher Education. In 1996, he was elected vice chair of the Committee of Vice-Chancellors and Principals. He believes he is the youngest vice chancellor, but after five years at TVU, he is far from the least experienced. Peer respect for the sharp mind behind a laddish exterior was signaled last week when the CVCP council chose him as vice chair in succession to David Melville. <mask> advocated for widening participation in higher education. Less than a third of eighteen-year-olds went into UK higher education in the mid 1990s.<mask> used his experience at the Open University and in the polytechnic sector to create a new learning environment to support and sustain a mass system of higher education. He argued for continuous, student-driven learning due to the fact that assessment was a key vehicle for teaching itself. He thought of a "student driven university" that used new media along with traditional teaching and had learning outcomes that were career driven rather than academic. "Just as you need students to be active learners, so you need teachers to be active tutors," he said. Both teachers and learners are passive because of a lecture-driven model. Education isn't something that happens to you. It's an active process.Performance rock music, digital technologies, computer animation and games are some of the new areas of study introduced by the Paul Hamlyn Learning Resource Centre. At the time, these courses were seen as examples of dumbing down and lowering of standards. <mask>'s changes were implemented quickly. The staff union of TVU opposed them because they led to negative terms and conditions for employees, and poorer and rapidly changing conditions for academics. During his tenure, no industrial action was held. Some academic staff were not on board with his vision of a "New Learning Environment". Poor relations with some of the teaching staff, along with the rapid pace of change and reliance on new computer technologies, created the greatest problems for his management.There was a scandal over low pass marks for the exam. The Quality Assurance Agency was also called in by him. Meeting marking deadlines was negatively impacted by the industrial disputes with staff. The report gave negative evaluations of TVU's academic standards in many areas. The University chose to implement this vision of a New Learning Environment at the same time as it completely recast the underpinning academic-related administration. The institution, its staff and its systems were subjected to stresses which they were not able to bear. Despite widespread suspicion that the QAA had sought to exercise its authority by exaggerating what had been an administrative crisis rather than finding any genuine loss of academic credibility, <mask> resigned in 1998 after the QAA report was published and a management team led by first Sir William Taylor then Ken Barker took over.<mask> had heart surgery in 2001 and hasn't worked since. The only mention of him in recent years has been as an occasional theatre critic at the Edinburgh Festivals. Tony Blair is the leader of Britain's 'New' Labour Party. The Paul Hamlyn Learning Resource Centre was opened by Tony Blair and David Blunkett in 1996, with the rejoinder: "Why, I wonder, can't every university be like TVU?" <mask> frequently appeared on British television. He wrote regular columns on education policy. Private Eye magazine ran a column about a "trendy Vice Chancellor" in the 1990s.References include the University of Cambridge Academics, the University of West London Academics, and the Open University British criminologists. | [
"Mike Fitzgerald",
"Fitzgerald",
"Fitzgerald",
"Fitzgerald",
"Fitzgerald",
"Fitzgerald",
"Fitzgerald",
"Fitzgerald",
"Fitzgerald",
"Fitzgerald"
] |
1986746 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy%20Lincoln | Nancy Lincoln | Nancy Hanks Lincoln (February 5, 1784 – October 5, 1818) was the mother of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln. Her marriage to Thomas Lincoln also produced a daughter, Sarah, and a son, Thomas Jr. When Nancy and Thomas had been married for just over 10 years, the family moved from Kentucky to western Perry County, Indiana, in 1816. When Spencer County was formed in 1818, the Lincoln Homestead lay within its current boundaries. Nancy Lincoln died from milk sickness or consumption at the Little Pigeon Creek Community in Spencer County when Abraham was nine years old.
Biography
This article reflects the prevailing theories regarding Nancy Hanks Lincoln's heritage. There is information, however, published about the Shipley and Berry family and for Kentucky heritage sites that differs from the prevailing theory. This is explored in greater detail in the Nancy Hanks Lincoln heritage article.
Early life and education
Nancy Hanks was born to Lucy Hanks in what was at that time part of Hampshire County, Virginia. Today, the same location is in Antioch in Mineral County, West Virginia. Abraham Lincoln's law partner William Herndon reported that Lincoln told him that his maternal grandfather was "a well-bred Virginia farmer or planter."
According to William E. Barton in The Life of Abraham Lincoln and Michael Burkhimer in 100 Essential Lincoln Books, Nancy was most likely born illegitimate and her family created stories to lead Abraham to believe he was a legitimate member of the Sparrow family.
It is believed that Nancy Hanks' grandparents were Ann and Joseph Hanks and that they raised her from infancy until her grandfather died when she was about nine years old. At the time of Nancy's birth, Joseph and his wife and children were all living on 108 acres near Patterson Creek in then-Hampshire County, Virginia. In March 1784, Joseph Hanks sold his property via a mortgage and moved his wife, eight children and young granddaughter Nancy to Kentucky.
The family lived on land along Pottinger's Creek, in a settlement called Rolling Fork in Nelson County, Kentucky, until patriarch Joseph's death in 1793. Nancy's grandmother, who was called by the more formal name Ann rather than the common nickname of Nancy, decided to return to her homeland, Farnham parish in Virginia. At that time, Nancy went to live with her mother, now Lucy Hanks Sparrow, having married Henry Sparrow in Harrodsburg, Kentucky two or three years earlier.
After Lucy's sister Elizabeth Hanks married Henry Sparrow's brother Thomas in Mercer County, Kentucky in 1796, Nancy went to live with the couple, whom she called mother and father. She was known as Nancy Sparrow and was described as "intelligent, deeply religious, kindly and affectionate." Lucy's sister gave birth to an illegitimate son in 1799 named Dennis Friend Hanks, who was also raised by Elizabeth and Thomas Sparrow.
At the home of Elizabeth and Thomas Sparrow, Nancy would have learned the skills and crafts a woman needed on the frontier to cultivate crops and clothe and feed her family. She learned to read the Bible and became an excellent seamstress, working at the Richard Berry home before her marriage.
Lucy's marriage to Henry Sparrow produced eight children, and Lucy had a reputation as a "fine Christian woman." Two sons were loyal to the Union during the Civil War and were preachers.
Timeline of events and relationships
Marriage and family
On June 12, 1806, Hanks married Thomas Lincoln at Beechland, the home of Richard Berry, by Reverend Jesse Head. Nancy was brought to the home to work as a seamstress by her friend Polly Ewing Berry, the wife of Richard Berry Jr. since October 10, 1794. Polly was a friend of Nancy's from Mercer County, Kentucky, and Richard Berry Jr. was a good friend of Thomas Lincoln. Lincoln proposed to her in his childhood home at what is now Lincoln Homestead State Park or in the Francis Berry house in front of the fireplace.
Nancy's marriage bond was signed by Richard Berry Jr., who identified himself as her guardian. Per Warren, "The title had no legal significance, Berry having never been so appointed, and Nancy Hanks was then of age. But to him to call himself 'guardian' was a courtesy customary under such circumstances [no father able to sign the marriage bond]." A record of their marriage license is held at the county courthouse.
They had three children:
Sarah Lincoln (February 10, 1807 – January 20, 1828)
Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865)
Thomas Lincoln Jr. (died in infancy, 1812)
The young family lived in what was then Hardin County, Kentucky, (now LaRue) on the Knob Creek Farm. Neighbors reported that Nancy Hanks Lincoln was "superior" to her husband, a mild yet strong personality who taught young Abraham his letters as well as the extraordinary sweetness and forbearance for which he was known. In 1816, the year that Indiana became the 19th state, the Lincoln family moved to Spencer County in southern Indiana and proceeded to homestead at Little Pigeon Creek Settlement (now Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial). Elizabeth and Thomas Sparrow and Dennis Hanks settled at Little Pigeon Creek the following fall, having lived in a shelter in which the Lincolns had lived until they built their cabin. While Abraham was ten years younger than his second cousin Dennis, the boys were good friends.
Description
William Herndon, author of Life of Lincoln, describes Nancy Hanks Lincoln:
She was above the ordinary height in stature, weighed about 130 pounds, was slenderly built, and had much the appearance of one inclined to consumption. Her skin was dark; hair dark brown; eyes gray and small; forehead prominent; face sharp and angular, with a marked expression for melancholy which fixed itself in the memory of all who ever saw or knew her. Though her life was clouded by a spirit of sadness, she was in disposition amiable and generally cheerful.
Nancy was also described as "a bold, reckless, daredevil kind of woman, stepping on to the very verge of propriety."
Abraham Lincoln inherited his mother's appearance and manner. She was "mild, tender, and intellectually inclined."
Death
While living at Little Pigeon Creek Settlement, Nancy Hanks Lincoln died on October 5, 1818, age 34. Her nine-year-old son Abraham assisted his father in the making of her coffin by whittling the wooden pegs that held the planks together. Eleven-year-old Sarah cared for Abraham until their father remarried the next year.
There are two views as to the cause of Nancy Hanks Lincoln's death. One view is that she died of "milk sickness." Several people had died that fall from the illness, including Elizabeth and Thomas Sparrow, who raised her and then lived with her on the Lincolns' property at the Little Pigeon Creek settlement. The Sparrows died in September, weeks before Nancy's death, and Dennis moved in with the Lincolns. The illness was caused by drinking the milk or eating the meat of cows that had eaten white snakeroot. The plant contains the potent toxin tremetol, which is passed through the milk. The migrants from the East were unfamiliar with the Midwestern plant and its effects. In the 19th century before people understood the cause of the illness, thousands in the Midwest died of milk sickness.
The second view is that Nancy died of consumption. In 1870 Lincoln's law partner and biographer, William Herndon, wrote to fellow Lincoln biographer Ward Lamon saying that "Mrs. Lincoln died as said by some with the milk sickness, some with a galloping quick consumption",
i.e. a wasting disease or tuberculosis. It has also been theorized that Nancy Lincoln had a marfanoid body habitus (or a marfanoid type of physique) with the same unusual facial features as her son. This theory suggests that she died of cancer (which is a wasting disease) related to multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2b (MEN2B), and that she passed the gene for this syndrome to her son (see Medical and mental health of Abraham Lincoln).
Nancy's grave is located in what has been named the Pioneer Cemetery, also known as the Nancy Hanks Lincoln Cemetery. Her headstone was purchased by P. E. Studebaker, an industrialist from South Bend, in 1878. At least 20 unmarked and eight marked graves are at the site; Nancy Lincoln is buried next to Nancy Rusher Brooner, a neighbor who died a week before Nancy from milk sickness. Henry Brooner, Nancy Brooner's son and best childhood friend of Abraham Lincoln, later recalled, "I remember very distinctly that when Mrs. Lincoln's grave was filled, my father, Peter Brooner, extended his hand to Thomas Lincoln and said, 'We are brothers now', meaning that they were brothers in the same kind of sorrow. The bodies of my mother and Mrs. Lincoln were conveyed to their graves on sleds." Her aunt and uncle Elizabeth (Hanks) and Thomas Sparrow, also her childhood caregivers, are buried nearby. The cemetery is located on the grounds of the Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial, a National Historic Landmark District managed by the National Park Service in present-day Lincoln City, Indiana.
Honors
In 1941, Katherine K. Davis, who co-wrote the lyrics to "The Little Drummer Boy", wrote the music for the ballad "Nancy Hanks" as a tribute to Lincoln's mother. The song uses as its lyrics the Rosemary Benét poem "Nancy Hanks" (originally published in Stephen Vincent Benét's A Book of Americans). An edited version of the poem was used by John Ford in the beginning of his 1939 movie Young Mr. Lincoln:
North Spencer School Corporation, in Spencer County, Indiana, opened the Nancy Hanks Elementary School around 1990.
In November 2008, the Mineral County Historical Society and the Mineral County Historic Landmarks Commission officially recognized the researched site of the birthplace of Nancy Hanks in Mineral County, West Virginia, which was first identified in 1929. They had a memorial placed at the site.
On February 12, 2009, on the bicentennial of the birth of Abraham Lincoln, the West Virginia House of Delegates passed a resolution recognizing Nancy Hanks Lincoln for her contributions and her birth site in Mineral County.
A rest station on Interstate 64 in Dale, Indiana is named for Nancy Hanks. In January 2019, the Indiana Department of Transportation announced plans to shut down the rest station because of low usage.
Notable relatives
Nancy Hanks is a third cousin four times removed of actor, producer, writer and director Tom Hanks.
Through his mother's Hanks bloodline, George Clooney is related to Nancy Hanks through Lucy Hanks Sparrow and Henry Sparrow's daughter, Mary Ann Sparrow, a half-sister to Nancy Hanks. Mary Ann Sparrow was Clooney's fourth great-grandmother.
Camille Cosby, wife of Bill Cosby, was born Camille Olivia Hanks, a distant cousin of Nancy Hanks.
Portrayals
The Hanks–Lincoln wedding was portrayed in a play called Dearly Beloved: The Vows of a Lincoln Legacy to kick off a three-year bicentennial celebration of Abraham Lincoln's life. The play was held at the Lincoln Homestead State Park in Springfield, Kentucky.
Nancy is portrayed by Maria Hill in the Daniel Boone episode "Before the Tall Man."
See also
Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historical Park
Lincoln family tree
Notes
References
1784 births
1818 deaths
Lincoln family
Lincoln, Nancy
People from Mineral County, West Virginia
People from Spencer County, Indiana
Burials in Indiana | [
"Nancy Hanks Lincoln (February 5, 1784 – October 5, 1818) was the mother of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln.",
"Her marriage to Thomas Lincoln also produced a daughter, Sarah, and a son, Thomas Jr.",
"When Nancy and Thomas had been married for just over 10 years, the family moved from Kentucky to western Perry County, Indiana, in 1816.",
"When Spencer County was formed in 1818, the Lincoln Homestead lay within its current boundaries.",
"Nancy Lincoln died from milk sickness or consumption at the Little Pigeon Creek Community in Spencer County when Abraham was nine years old.",
"Biography\n\nThis article reflects the prevailing theories regarding Nancy Hanks Lincoln's heritage.",
"There is information, however, published about the Shipley and Berry family and for Kentucky heritage sites that differs from the prevailing theory.",
"This is explored in greater detail in the Nancy Hanks Lincoln heritage article.",
"Early life and education\n\nNancy Hanks was born to Lucy Hanks in what was at that time part of Hampshire County, Virginia.",
"Today, the same location is in Antioch in Mineral County, West Virginia.",
"Abraham Lincoln's law partner William Herndon reported that Lincoln told him that his maternal grandfather was \"a well-bred Virginia farmer or planter.\"",
"According to William E. Barton in The Life of Abraham Lincoln and Michael Burkhimer in 100 Essential Lincoln Books, Nancy was most likely born illegitimate and her family created stories to lead Abraham to believe he was a legitimate member of the Sparrow family.",
"It is believed that Nancy Hanks' grandparents were Ann and Joseph Hanks and that they raised her from infancy until her grandfather died when she was about nine years old.",
"At the time of Nancy's birth, Joseph and his wife and children were all living on 108 acres near Patterson Creek in then-Hampshire County, Virginia.",
"In March 1784, Joseph Hanks sold his property via a mortgage and moved his wife, eight children and young granddaughter Nancy to Kentucky.",
"The family lived on land along Pottinger's Creek, in a settlement called Rolling Fork in Nelson County, Kentucky, until patriarch Joseph's death in 1793.",
"Nancy's grandmother, who was called by the more formal name Ann rather than the common nickname of Nancy, decided to return to her homeland, Farnham parish in Virginia.",
"At that time, Nancy went to live with her mother, now Lucy Hanks Sparrow, having married Henry Sparrow in Harrodsburg, Kentucky two or three years earlier.",
"After Lucy's sister Elizabeth Hanks married Henry Sparrow's brother Thomas in Mercer County, Kentucky in 1796, Nancy went to live with the couple, whom she called mother and father.",
"She was known as Nancy Sparrow and was described as \"intelligent, deeply religious, kindly and affectionate.\"",
"Lucy's sister gave birth to an illegitimate son in 1799 named Dennis Friend Hanks, who was also raised by Elizabeth and Thomas Sparrow.",
"At the home of Elizabeth and Thomas Sparrow, Nancy would have learned the skills and crafts a woman needed on the frontier to cultivate crops and clothe and feed her family.",
"She learned to read the Bible and became an excellent seamstress, working at the Richard Berry home before her marriage.",
"Lucy's marriage to Henry Sparrow produced eight children, and Lucy had a reputation as a \"fine Christian woman.\"",
"Two sons were loyal to the Union during the Civil War and were preachers.",
"Timeline of events and relationships\n\nMarriage and family\n\nOn June 12, 1806, Hanks married Thomas Lincoln at Beechland, the home of Richard Berry, by Reverend Jesse Head.",
"Nancy was brought to the home to work as a seamstress by her friend Polly Ewing Berry, the wife of Richard Berry Jr. since October 10, 1794.",
"Polly was a friend of Nancy's from Mercer County, Kentucky, and Richard Berry Jr. was a good friend of Thomas Lincoln.",
"Lincoln proposed to her in his childhood home at what is now Lincoln Homestead State Park or in the Francis Berry house in front of the fireplace.",
"Nancy's marriage bond was signed by Richard Berry Jr., who identified himself as her guardian.",
"Per Warren, \"The title had no legal significance, Berry having never been so appointed, and Nancy Hanks was then of age.",
"But to him to call himself 'guardian' was a courtesy customary under such circumstances [no father able to sign the marriage bond].\"",
"A record of their marriage license is held at the county courthouse.",
"They had three children:\nSarah Lincoln (February 10, 1807 – January 20, 1828)\nAbraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865)\nThomas Lincoln Jr. (died in infancy, 1812)\n\nThe young family lived in what was then Hardin County, Kentucky, (now LaRue) on the Knob Creek Farm.",
"Neighbors reported that Nancy Hanks Lincoln was \"superior\" to her husband, a mild yet strong personality who taught young Abraham his letters as well as the extraordinary sweetness and forbearance for which he was known.",
"In 1816, the year that Indiana became the 19th state, the Lincoln family moved to Spencer County in southern Indiana and proceeded to homestead at Little Pigeon Creek Settlement (now Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial).",
"Elizabeth and Thomas Sparrow and Dennis Hanks settled at Little Pigeon Creek the following fall, having lived in a shelter in which the Lincolns had lived until they built their cabin.",
"While Abraham was ten years younger than his second cousin Dennis, the boys were good friends.",
"Description\n\nWilliam Herndon, author of Life of Lincoln, describes Nancy Hanks Lincoln:\nShe was above the ordinary height in stature, weighed about 130 pounds, was slenderly built, and had much the appearance of one inclined to consumption.",
"Her skin was dark; hair dark brown; eyes gray and small; forehead prominent; face sharp and angular, with a marked expression for melancholy which fixed itself in the memory of all who ever saw or knew her.",
"Though her life was clouded by a spirit of sadness, she was in disposition amiable and generally cheerful.",
"Nancy was also described as \"a bold, reckless, daredevil kind of woman, stepping on to the very verge of propriety.\"",
"Abraham Lincoln inherited his mother's appearance and manner.",
"She was \"mild, tender, and intellectually inclined.\"",
"Death\n\nWhile living at Little Pigeon Creek Settlement, Nancy Hanks Lincoln died on October 5, 1818, age 34.",
"Her nine-year-old son Abraham assisted his father in the making of her coffin by whittling the wooden pegs that held the planks together.",
"Eleven-year-old Sarah cared for Abraham until their father remarried the next year.",
"There are two views as to the cause of Nancy Hanks Lincoln's death.",
"One view is that she died of \"milk sickness.\"",
"Several people had died that fall from the illness, including Elizabeth and Thomas Sparrow, who raised her and then lived with her on the Lincolns' property at the Little Pigeon Creek settlement.",
"The Sparrows died in September, weeks before Nancy's death, and Dennis moved in with the Lincolns.",
"The illness was caused by drinking the milk or eating the meat of cows that had eaten white snakeroot.",
"The plant contains the potent toxin tremetol, which is passed through the milk.",
"The migrants from the East were unfamiliar with the Midwestern plant and its effects.",
"In the 19th century before people understood the cause of the illness, thousands in the Midwest died of milk sickness.",
"The second view is that Nancy died of consumption.",
"In 1870 Lincoln's law partner and biographer, William Herndon, wrote to fellow Lincoln biographer Ward Lamon saying that \"Mrs. Lincoln died as said by some with the milk sickness, some with a galloping quick consumption\",\ni.e.",
"a wasting disease or tuberculosis.",
"It has also been theorized that Nancy Lincoln had a marfanoid body habitus (or a marfanoid type of physique) with the same unusual facial features as her son.",
"This theory suggests that she died of cancer (which is a wasting disease) related to multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2b (MEN2B), and that she passed the gene for this syndrome to her son (see Medical and mental health of Abraham Lincoln).",
"Nancy's grave is located in what has been named the Pioneer Cemetery, also known as the Nancy Hanks Lincoln Cemetery.",
"Her headstone was purchased by P. E. Studebaker, an industrialist from South Bend, in 1878.",
"At least 20 unmarked and eight marked graves are at the site; Nancy Lincoln is buried next to Nancy Rusher Brooner, a neighbor who died a week before Nancy from milk sickness.",
"Henry Brooner, Nancy Brooner's son and best childhood friend of Abraham Lincoln, later recalled, \"I remember very distinctly that when Mrs. Lincoln's grave was filled, my father, Peter Brooner, extended his hand to Thomas Lincoln and said, 'We are brothers now', meaning that they were brothers in the same kind of sorrow.",
"The bodies of my mother and Mrs. Lincoln were conveyed to their graves on sleds.\"",
"Her aunt and uncle Elizabeth (Hanks) and Thomas Sparrow, also her childhood caregivers, are buried nearby.",
"The cemetery is located on the grounds of the Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial, a National Historic Landmark District managed by the National Park Service in present-day Lincoln City, Indiana.",
"Honors\n\nIn 1941, Katherine K. Davis, who co-wrote the lyrics to \"The Little Drummer Boy\", wrote the music for the ballad \"Nancy Hanks\" as a tribute to Lincoln's mother.",
"The song uses as its lyrics the Rosemary Benét poem \"Nancy Hanks\" (originally published in Stephen Vincent Benét's A Book of Americans).",
"An edited version of the poem was used by John Ford in the beginning of his 1939 movie Young Mr. Lincoln:\n\nNorth Spencer School Corporation, in Spencer County, Indiana, opened the Nancy Hanks Elementary School around 1990.",
"In November 2008, the Mineral County Historical Society and the Mineral County Historic Landmarks Commission officially recognized the researched site of the birthplace of Nancy Hanks in Mineral County, West Virginia, which was first identified in 1929.",
"They had a memorial placed at the site.",
"On February 12, 2009, on the bicentennial of the birth of Abraham Lincoln, the West Virginia House of Delegates passed a resolution recognizing Nancy Hanks Lincoln for her contributions and her birth site in Mineral County.",
"A rest station on Interstate 64 in Dale, Indiana is named for Nancy Hanks.",
"In January 2019, the Indiana Department of Transportation announced plans to shut down the rest station because of low usage.",
"Notable relatives\n Nancy Hanks is a third cousin four times removed of actor, producer, writer and director Tom Hanks.",
"Through his mother's Hanks bloodline, George Clooney is related to Nancy Hanks through Lucy Hanks Sparrow and Henry Sparrow's daughter, Mary Ann Sparrow, a half-sister to Nancy Hanks.",
"Mary Ann Sparrow was Clooney's fourth great-grandmother.",
"Camille Cosby, wife of Bill Cosby, was born Camille Olivia Hanks, a distant cousin of Nancy Hanks.",
"Portrayals\nThe Hanks–Lincoln wedding was portrayed in a play called Dearly Beloved: The Vows of a Lincoln Legacy to kick off a three-year bicentennial celebration of Abraham Lincoln's life.",
"The play was held at the Lincoln Homestead State Park in Springfield, Kentucky.",
"Nancy is portrayed by Maria Hill in the Daniel Boone episode \"Before the Tall Man.\"",
"See also\nAbraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historical Park\nLincoln family tree\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\n1784 births\n1818 deaths\nLincoln family\nLincoln, Nancy\nPeople from Mineral County, West Virginia\nPeople from Spencer County, Indiana\nBurials in Indiana"
] | [
"Nancy Hanks Lincoln was the mother of President Lincoln.",
"A daughter, Sarah, and a son, Thomas Jr., were born from her marriage to Thomas Lincoln.",
"The family moved from Kentucky to western Indiana in 1816 after Nancy and Thomas were married for 10 years.",
"The Lincoln homestead was within the current boundaries when Spencer County was formed.",
"Nancy Lincoln died from milk sickness at the Little Pigeon Creek Community when she was nine years old.",
"Nancy Hanks Lincoln's heritage is reflected in this article.",
"There is information about the Shipley and Berry family and Kentucky heritage sites that is different from the prevailing theory.",
"This is explored in more detail in the Nancy Hanks Lincoln heritage article.",
"Nancy Hanks was born in Hampshire County, Virginia, to Lucy Hanks.",
"The location is in Mineral County, West Virginia.",
"Lincoln told Herndon that his maternal grandfather was a well-bred Virginia farmer.",
"According to The Life of Abraham Lincoln and 100 Essential Lincoln Books, Nancy was most likely born illegitimate and her family created stories to lead Abraham to believe he was a legitimate member of the Sparrow family.",
"Nancy Hanks was raised by her grandparents until her grandfather died when she was nine years old.",
"At the time of Nancy's birth, Joseph and his family were living on over 100 acres in Hampshire County, Virginia.",
"In March 1784, Joseph Hanks sold his property and moved his family to Kentucky.",
"The family lived in a settlement called Rolling Fork in Nelson County, Kentucky, until Joseph's death in 1793.",
"Nancy's grandmother, who was called Ann rather than Nancy, decided to return to her native Virginia.",
"Nancy married Henry Sparrow in Kentucky two or three years before she moved to live with her mother.",
"Nancy lived with the couple after Elizabeth Hanks married Henry Sparrow's brother Thomas in Kentucky in 1796.",
"Nancy Sparrow was described as intelligent, deeply religious, kindly and affectionate.",
"Dennis Friend Hanks was an illegitimate son of Lucy's sister and Elizabeth and Thomas Sparrow.",
"Nancy would have learned the skills and crafts a woman needed on the frontier to cultivate crops and clothe and feed her family at the home of Elizabeth and Thomas Sparrow.",
"She was an excellent seamstress, working at the Richard Berry home, after she learned to read the Bible.",
"Lucy's marriage to Henry Sparrow produced eight children, and she had a reputation as a \"fine Christian woman.\"",
"During the Civil War, two sons were preachers.",
"Hanks married Thomas Lincoln at the home of Richard Berry on June 12, 1806.",
"Nancy was brought to the home to work as a seamstress by Polly Berry, the wife of Richard Berry Jr.",
"Richard Berry Jr. was a good friend of Thomas Lincoln.",
"The Francis Berry house in front of the fireplace is where Lincoln proposed to her.",
"Nancy's marriage bond was signed by Richard Berry Jr., who claimed to be her guardian.",
"The title had no legal significance, Berry had never been so appointed, and Nancy Hanks was then of age.",
"No father could sign the marriage bond so he called himself 'guardian'.",
"The marriage license is kept at the courthouse.",
"They had three children, Sarah Lincoln, Abraham Lincoln and Thomas Lincoln Jr.",
"Nancy Hanks Lincoln was said to be superior to her husband, a mild yet strong personality who taught young Abraham his letters as well as the extraordinary sweetness and forbearance for which he was known.",
"The Lincoln family homesteaded at Little Pigeon Creek Settlement in southern Indiana in the year 1816, when Indiana became the 19th state.",
"The Sparrows and Hanks moved to Little Pigeon Creek after living in a shelter for the Lincolns.",
"Dennis and Abraham were good friends.",
"According to William Herndon, Nancy Hanks Lincoln was above the average height in stature, weighed about 130 pounds, and had much the appearance of one inclined to consume.",
"Her skin was dark; hair dark brown; eyes gray and small; forehead prominent; face sharp and angular, with a marked expression for melancholy which fixed itself in the memory of all who ever saw or knew her.",
"She was cheerful despite her life being clouded by a spirit of sadness.",
"Nancy was described as a bold, reckless, daredevil kind of woman.",
"Lincoln had a resemblance to his mother's appearance and manner.",
"She was \"mild, tender, and intellectually inclined.\"",
"Nancy Hanks Lincoln died at the age of 34.",
"Abraham helped his father make her coffin by cutting the wooden pegs that held the planks together.",
"Sarah cared for Abraham until his father remarried.",
"There are two different opinions on the cause of Nancy Hanks Lincoln's death.",
"One theory is that she died of milk sickness.",
"Elizabeth and Thomas Sparrow lived with her on the Lincolns' property at the Little Pigeon Creek settlement after she died from the illness.",
"Dennis moved in with the Lincolns after the Sparrows died.",
"The illness was caused by drinking the milk or eating the meat of cows that had eaten white snake root.",
"The plant has a potent toxin that is passed through the milk.",
"The Midwestern plant was unfamiliar to the migrants from the East.",
"Thousands of people in the Midwest died of milk sickness in the 19th century.",
"Nancy died of consumption.",
"In 1870 Lincoln's law partner and biographer, William Herndon, wrote to another Lincoln biographer, Ward Lamon, saying that \"Mrs. Lincoln died as said by some with the milk sickness, some with a galloping quick consumption\".",
"Tuberculosis is a wasting disease.",
"Nancy Lincoln may have had a marfanoid body habitus with the same facial features as her son.",
"This theory suggests that she died of cancer that was related to multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2b, and that she passed the genes for this syndrome to her son.",
"The Pioneer Cemetery is also known as the Nancy Hanks Lincoln Cemetery.",
"P. E. Studebaker purchased her headstone.",
"Nancy Lincoln is buried next to Nancy Rusher Brooner, a neighbor who died a week before Nancy from milk sickness.",
"When Mrs. Lincoln's grave was filled, my father extended his hand to Thomas Lincoln and said, \"We are.\"",
"My mother and Mrs. Lincoln were buried on sleds.",
"Her aunt and uncle are buried nearby.",
"The Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial is located in Lincoln City, Indiana and is managed by the National Park Service.",
"The song \"Nancy Hanks\" was written by Katherine K. Davis as a tribute to Lincoln's mother.",
"The Rosemary Benét poem \"Nancy Hanks\" is used in the song.",
"John Ford used an edited version of the poem in his 1939 movie, Young Mr. Lincoln: North Spencer School Corporation, in Spencer County, Indiana.",
"The birthplace of Nancy Hanks was officially recognized in 2008 by the Mineral County Historical Society and the Mineral County Historic Landmarks Commission.",
"There was a memorial at the site.",
"On February 12, 2009, the West Virginia House of Delegates passed a resolution recognizing Nancy Hanks Lincoln for her contributions and her birth site in Mineral County.",
"Nancy Hanks is the name of the rest station in Dale, Indiana.",
"The rest station was going to be shut down because of low usage.",
"Nancy Hanks is a third cousin of Tom Hanks.",
"George Clooney is related to Nancy Hanks through Lucy Hanks Sparrow and Henry Sparrow's daughter, Mary Ann Sparrow.",
"Clooney's fourth great-grandmother was Mary Ann Sparrow.",
"Nancy Hanks is a distant cousin of Bill Cosby's wife.",
"The Hanks–Lincoln wedding was portrayed in a play called Dearly Beloved: The Vows of a Lincoln Legacy to kick off a three-year bicentennial celebration of Abraham Lincoln's life.",
"The play was held in Kentucky.",
"Nancy is portrayed by Maria Hill.",
"Lincoln family Lincoln, Nancy People from Mineral County, West Virginia and Spencer County, Indiana were buried in Indiana."
] | <mask> (February 5, 1784 – October 5, 1818) was the mother of U.S. President <mask>. Her marriage to <mask> also produced a daughter, Sarah, and a son, Thomas Jr. When <mask> and Thomas had been married for just over 10 years, the family moved from Kentucky to western Perry County, Indiana, in 1816. When Spencer County was formed in 1818, the Lincoln Homestead lay within its current boundaries. <mask> died from milk sickness or consumption at the Little Pigeon Creek Community in Spencer County when Abraham was nine years old. Biography
This article reflects the prevailing theories regarding <mask>'s heritage. There is information, however, published about the Shipley and Berry family and for Kentucky heritage sites that differs from the prevailing theory.This is explored in greater detail in the <mask> <mask> heritage article. Early life and education
<mask> was born to Lucy Hanks in what was at that time part of Hampshire County, Virginia. Today, the same location is in Antioch in Mineral County, West Virginia. <mask>'s law partner William Herndon reported that <mask> told him that his maternal grandfather was "a well-bred Virginia farmer or planter." According to William E. Barton in The Life of <mask> and Michael Burkhimer in 100 Essential Lincoln Books, <mask> was most likely born illegitimate and her family created stories to lead Abraham to believe he was a legitimate member of the Sparrow family. It is believed that <mask>' grandparents were Ann and Joseph Hanks and that they raised her from infancy until her grandfather died when she was about nine years old. At the time of <mask>'s birth, Joseph and his wife and children were all living on 108 acres near Patterson Creek in then-Hampshire County, Virginia.In March 1784, Joseph Hanks sold his property via a mortgage and moved his wife, eight children and young granddaughter <mask> to Kentucky. The family lived on land along Pottinger's Creek, in a settlement called Rolling Fork in Nelson County, Kentucky, until patriarch Joseph's death in 1793. <mask>'s grandmother, who was called by the more formal name Ann rather than the common nickname of <mask>, decided to return to her homeland, Farnham parish in Virginia. At that time, <mask> went to live with her mother, now Lucy Hanks Sparrow, having married Henry Sparrow in Harrodsburg, Kentucky two or three years earlier. After Lucy's sister Elizabeth Hanks married Henry Sparrow's brother Thomas in Mercer County, Kentucky in 1796, <mask> went to live with the couple, whom she called mother and father. She was known as <mask> and was described as "intelligent, deeply religious, kindly and affectionate." Lucy's sister gave birth to an illegitimate son in 1799 named Dennis Friend Hanks, who was also raised by Elizabeth and Thomas Sparrow.At the home of Elizabeth and Thomas Sparrow, <mask> would have learned the skills and crafts a woman needed on the frontier to cultivate crops and clothe and feed her family. She learned to read the Bible and became an excellent seamstress, working at the Richard Berry home before her marriage. Lucy's marriage to Henry Sparrow produced eight children, and Lucy had a reputation as a "fine Christian woman." Two sons were loyal to the Union during the Civil War and were preachers. Timeline of events and relationships
Marriage and family
On June 12, 1806, Hanks married <mask> at Beechland, the home of Richard Berry, by Reverend Jesse Head. <mask> was brought to the home to work as a seamstress by her friend Polly Ewing Berry, the wife of Richard Berry Jr. since October 10, 1794. Polly was a friend of <mask>'s from Mercer County, Kentucky, and Richard Berry Jr. was a good friend of <mask>.<mask> proposed to her in his childhood home at what is now Lincoln Homestead State Park or in the Francis Berry house in front of the fireplace. <mask>'s marriage bond was signed by Richard Berry Jr., who identified himself as her guardian. Per Warren, "The title had no legal significance, Berry having never been so appointed, and <mask> was then of age. But to him to call himself 'guardian' was a courtesy customary under such circumstances [no father able to sign the marriage bond]." A record of their marriage license is held at the county courthouse. They had three children:
<mask> (February 10, 1807 – January 20, 1828)
<mask> (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865)
<mask> Jr. (died in infancy, 1812)
The young family lived in what was then Hardin County, Kentucky, (now LaRue) on the Knob Creek Farm. Neighbors reported that <mask> <mask> was "superior" to her husband, a mild yet strong personality who taught young Abraham his letters as well as the extraordinary sweetness and forbearance for which he was known.In 1816, the year that Indiana became the 19th state, the <mask> family moved to Spencer County in southern Indiana and proceeded to homestead at Little Pigeon Creek Settlement (now Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial). Elizabeth and Thomas Sparrow and Dennis Hanks settled at Little Pigeon Creek the following fall, having lived in a shelter in which the <mask>s had lived until they built their cabin. While Abraham was ten years younger than his second cousin Dennis, the boys were good friends. Description
William Herndon, author of Life of Lincoln, describes <mask> <mask>:
She was above the ordinary height in stature, weighed about 130 pounds, was slenderly built, and had much the appearance of one inclined to consumption. Her skin was dark; hair dark brown; eyes gray and small; forehead prominent; face sharp and angular, with a marked expression for melancholy which fixed itself in the memory of all who ever saw or knew her. Though her life was clouded by a spirit of sadness, she was in disposition amiable and generally cheerful. <mask> was also described as "a bold, reckless, daredevil kind of woman, stepping on to the very verge of propriety."<mask> inherited his mother's appearance and manner. She was "mild, tender, and intellectually inclined." Death
While living at Little Pigeon Creek Settlement, <mask> <mask> died on October 5, 1818, age 34. Her nine-year-old son Abraham assisted his father in the making of her coffin by whittling the wooden pegs that held the planks together. Eleven-year-old Sarah cared for Abraham until their father remarried the next year. There are two views as to the cause of <mask> <mask>'s death. One view is that she died of "milk sickness."Several people had died that fall from the illness, including Elizabeth and Thomas Sparrow, who raised her and then lived with her on the Lincolns' property at the Little Pigeon Creek settlement. The Sparrows died in September, weeks before <mask>'s death, and Dennis moved in with the Lincolns. The illness was caused by drinking the milk or eating the meat of cows that had eaten white snakeroot. The plant contains the potent toxin tremetol, which is passed through the milk. The migrants from the East were unfamiliar with the Midwestern plant and its effects. In the 19th century before people understood the cause of the illness, thousands in the Midwest died of milk sickness. The second view is that <mask> died of consumption.In 1870 <mask>'s law partner and biographer, William Herndon, wrote to fellow <mask> biographer Ward Lamon saying that "Mrs. <mask> died as said by some with the milk sickness, some with a galloping quick consumption",
i.e. a wasting disease or tuberculosis. It has also been theorized that <mask> had a marfanoid body habitus (or a marfanoid type of physique) with the same unusual facial features as her son. This theory suggests that she died of cancer (which is a wasting disease) related to multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2b (MEN2B), and that she passed the gene for this syndrome to her son (see Medical and mental health of <mask>). <mask>'s grave is located in what has been named the Pioneer Cemetery, also known as the Nancy Hanks Lincoln Cemetery. Her headstone was purchased by P. E. Studebaker, an industrialist from South Bend, in 1878. At least 20 unmarked and eight marked graves are at the site; <mask> is buried next to <mask> Brooner, a neighbor who died a week before <mask> from milk sickness.Henry Brooner, <mask>'s son and best childhood friend of <mask>, later recalled, "I remember very distinctly that when Mrs. <mask>'s grave was filled, my father, Peter Brooner, extended his hand to <mask> and said, 'We are brothers now', meaning that they were brothers in the same kind of sorrow. The bodies of my mother and Mrs. <mask> were conveyed to their graves on sleds." Her aunt and uncle Elizabeth (Hanks) and Thomas Sparrow, also her childhood caregivers, are buried nearby. The cemetery is located on the grounds of the Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial, a National Historic Landmark District managed by the National Park Service in present-day Lincoln City, Indiana. Honors
In 1941, Katherine K. Davis, who co-wrote the lyrics to "The Little Drummer Boy", wrote the music for the ballad "Nancy Hanks" as a tribute to <mask>'s mother. The song uses as its lyrics the Rosemary Benét poem "<mask>s" (originally published in Stephen Vincent Benét's A Book of Americans). An edited version of the poem was used by John Ford in the beginning of his 1939 movie Young Mr. Lincoln:
North Spencer School Corporation, in Spencer County, Indiana, opened the Nancy Hanks Elementary School around 1990.In November 2008, the Mineral County Historical Society and the Mineral County Historic Landmarks Commission officially recognized the researched site of the birthplace of <mask> in Mineral County, West Virginia, which was first identified in 1929. They had a memorial placed at the site. On February 12, 2009, on the bicentennial of the birth of <mask>, the West Virginia House of Delegates passed a resolution recognizing <mask> <mask> for her contributions and her birth site in Mineral County. A rest station on Interstate 64 in Dale, Indiana is named for <mask>. In January 2019, the Indiana Department of Transportation announced plans to shut down the rest station because of low usage. Notable relatives
<mask> is a third cousin four times removed of actor, producer, writer and director Tom Hanks. Through his mother's Hanks bloodline, George Clooney is related to <mask> through Lucy Hanks Sparrow and Henry Sparrow's daughter, Mary Ann Sparrow, a half-sister to <mask>.Mary Ann Sparrow was Clooney's fourth great-grandmother. Camille Cosby, wife of Bill Cosby, was born Camille Olivia Hanks, a distant cousin of <mask>. Portrayals
The Hanks–<mask> wedding was portrayed in a play called Dearly Beloved: The Vows of a Lincoln Legacy to kick off a three-year bicentennial celebration of <mask>'s life. The play was held at the Lincoln Homestead State Park in Springfield, Kentucky. <mask> is portrayed by Maria Hill in the Daniel Boone episode "Before the Tall Man." See also
<mask> Birthplace National Historical Park
Lincoln family tree
Notes
References
1784 births
1818 deaths
Lincoln family
Lincoln, <mask> from Mineral County, West Virginia
People from Spencer County, Indiana
Burials in Indiana | [
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] | <mask> was the mother of President <mask>. A daughter, Sarah, and a son, Thomas Jr., were born from her marriage to <mask>. The family moved from Kentucky to western Indiana in 1816 after <mask> and Thomas were married for 10 years. The <mask> homestead was within the current boundaries when Spencer County was formed. <mask> died from milk sickness at the Little Pigeon Creek Community when she was nine years old. <mask>'s heritage is reflected in this article. There is information about the Shipley and Berry family and Kentucky heritage sites that is different from the prevailing theory.This is explored in more detail in the <mask> <mask> heritage article. <mask> was born in Hampshire County, Virginia, to Lucy Hanks. The location is in Mineral County, West Virginia. <mask> told Herndon that his maternal grandfather was a well-bred Virginia farmer. According to The Life of Abraham <mask> and 100 Essential Lincoln Books, <mask> was most likely born illegitimate and her family created stories to lead Abraham to believe he was a legitimate member of the Sparrow family. <mask> was raised by her grandparents until her grandfather died when she was nine years old. At the time of <mask>'s birth, Joseph and his family were living on over 100 acres in Hampshire County, Virginia.In March 1784, Joseph Hanks sold his property and moved his family to Kentucky. The family lived in a settlement called Rolling Fork in Nelson County, Kentucky, until Joseph's death in 1793. <mask>'s grandmother, who was called Ann rather than <mask>, decided to return to her native Virginia. <mask> married Henry Sparrow in Kentucky two or three years before she moved to live with her mother. <mask> lived with the couple after Elizabeth Hanks married Henry Sparrow's brother Thomas in Kentucky in 1796. <mask> was described as intelligent, deeply religious, kindly and affectionate. Dennis Friend Hanks was an illegitimate son of Lucy's sister and Elizabeth and Thomas Sparrow.<mask> would have learned the skills and crafts a woman needed on the frontier to cultivate crops and clothe and feed her family at the home of Elizabeth and Thomas Sparrow. She was an excellent seamstress, working at the Richard Berry home, after she learned to read the Bible. Lucy's marriage to Henry Sparrow produced eight children, and she had a reputation as a "fine Christian woman." During the Civil War, two sons were preachers. Hanks married <mask> at the home of Richard Berry on June 12, 1806. <mask> was brought to the home to work as a seamstress by Polly Berry, the wife of Richard Berry Jr. Richard Berry Jr. was a good friend of <mask>.The Francis Berry house in front of the fireplace is where <mask> proposed to her. <mask>'s marriage bond was signed by Richard Berry Jr., who claimed to be her guardian. The title had no legal significance, Berry had never been so appointed, and <mask> was then of age. No father could sign the marriage bond so he called himself 'guardian'. The marriage license is kept at the courthouse. They had three children, <mask>, <mask> and <mask> Jr. <mask> <mask> was said to be superior to her husband, a mild yet strong personality who taught young Abraham his letters as well as the extraordinary sweetness and forbearance for which he was known.The <mask> family homesteaded at Little Pigeon Creek Settlement in southern Indiana in the year 1816, when Indiana became the 19th state. The Sparrows and Hanks moved to Little Pigeon Creek after living in a shelter for the <mask>s. Dennis and Abraham were good friends. According to William Herndon, <mask>s <mask> was above the average height in stature, weighed about 130 pounds, and had much the appearance of one inclined to consume. Her skin was dark; hair dark brown; eyes gray and small; forehead prominent; face sharp and angular, with a marked expression for melancholy which fixed itself in the memory of all who ever saw or knew her. She was cheerful despite her life being clouded by a spirit of sadness. <mask> was described as a bold, reckless, daredevil kind of woman.<mask> had a resemblance to his mother's appearance and manner. She was "mild, tender, and intellectually inclined." <mask> <mask> died at the age of 34. Abraham helped his father make her coffin by cutting the wooden pegs that held the planks together. Sarah cared for Abraham until his father remarried. There are two different opinions on the cause of <mask> <mask>'s death. One theory is that she died of milk sickness.Elizabeth and Thomas Sparrow lived with her on the Lincolns' property at the Little Pigeon Creek settlement after she died from the illness. Dennis moved in with the Lincolns after the Sparrows died. The illness was caused by drinking the milk or eating the meat of cows that had eaten white snake root. The plant has a potent toxin that is passed through the milk. The Midwestern plant was unfamiliar to the migrants from the East. Thousands of people in the Midwest died of milk sickness in the 19th century. <mask> died of consumption.In 1870 <mask>'s law partner and biographer, William Herndon, wrote to another <mask> biographer, Ward Lamon, saying that "Mrs. <mask> died as said by some with the milk sickness, some with a galloping quick consumption". Tuberculosis is a wasting disease. <mask> may have had a marfanoid body habitus with the same facial features as her son. This theory suggests that she died of cancer that was related to multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2b, and that she passed the genes for this syndrome to her son. The Pioneer Cemetery is also known as the Nancy Hanks Lincoln Cemetery. P. E. Studebaker purchased her headstone. <mask> is buried next to <mask> Brooner, a neighbor who died a week before <mask> from milk sickness.When Mrs. <mask>'s grave was filled, my father extended his hand to <mask> and said, "We are." My mother and Mrs. <mask> were buried on sleds. Her aunt and uncle are buried nearby. The Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial is located in Lincoln City, Indiana and is managed by the National Park Service. The song "<mask> Hanks" was written by Katherine K. Davis as a tribute to <mask>'s mother. The Rosemary Benét poem "<mask>s" is used in the song. John Ford used an edited version of the poem in his 1939 movie, Young Mr. Lincoln: North Spencer School Corporation, in Spencer County, Indiana.The birthplace of <mask> was officially recognized in 2008 by the Mineral County Historical Society and the Mineral County Historic Landmarks Commission. There was a memorial at the site. On February 12, 2009, the West Virginia House of Delegates passed a resolution recognizing <mask> <mask> for her contributions and her birth site in Mineral County. Nancy Hanks is the name of the rest station in Dale, Indiana. The rest station was going to be shut down because of low usage. <mask> is a third cousin of Tom Hanks. George Clooney is related to <mask> through Lucy Hanks Sparrow and Henry Sparrow's daughter, Mary Ann Sparrow.Clooney's fourth great-grandmother was Mary Ann Sparrow. <mask> is a distant cousin of Bill Cosby's wife. The Hanks–<mask> wedding was portrayed in a play called Dearly Beloved: The Vows of a Lincoln Legacy to kick off a three-year bicentennial celebration of <mask>'s life. The play was held in Kentucky. <mask> is portrayed by Maria Hill. <mask> family <mask>, <mask> from Mineral County, West Virginia and Spencer County, Indiana were buried in Indiana. | [
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] |
35296913 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksey%20Burago | Aleksey Burago | Aleksey Burago (Russian: Алексей Бураго) is a Russian-American theater director, founder and Artistic Director of The Russian Arts Theater and Studio (TRATS) in New York City.
Life and career
Aleksey Burago (Director) is the Artistic and Founding Director of The Russian Arts Theater and Studio, a not-for-profit theater company located in the Upper West Side in Manhattan, New York City. Aleksey graduated from Moscow Academy of Theatre Arts (GITIS) and studied with world famous theater director Pyotr Fomenko. His Moscow directing credits include: "Beyond Recognition." Off-Broadway, he has directed "Gamblers," "An Absolutely Happy Village", "Ah! My Dear Andersen" and "On the Eve." At HB Playwrights Foundation, he has directed "Vassa," "Picnic on the Battlefield," "The Master and Margarita," "Wonder Bread" and "Lady with the Lapdog with Jokes and a Happy Ending." His TV credits include "The Queen of Spades" (Actor/Director). His awards include 1992 Best Director - St. Petersburg Comedy Festival and 1993 Best Director - Moscow Annual Festival of Classical Plays. He has been on faculty at Theatre Academy and Conservatory in St. Petersburg, Danish Theatre School GITIS and Manhattanville College, where he taught acting and staged the short stories of Anton Chekhov.
Since his arrival to New York in 1997, Burago has directed many shows in New York and New Jersey, to rave reviews. "Ah, My Dear Andersen," which he adapted and directed in 2001 at Urban Stages, was chosen as a critic's pick by Time Out New York The play "Wonder Bread" written and performed by Danusia Trevino while directed by Aleksey Burago won a prestigious United Solo Festival Award in 2011 for Best One-Woman Show.
Aleksey Burago is teaching Michael Chekhov Technique (acting and directing) at HB Studio in New York. He was the teacher of Natalya Rudakova, the leading star of Transporter 3 movie.
Themes and Style
Aleksey Burago is primarily recognized for dynamic, provocative and comedic staging of plays by Russian writers. He is a keen follower and a teacher of Stanislavsky and Michael Chekhov technique, and believes that the actor should be in a constant state of "play". He stresses the necessity of creating a gap between the actor and the character, and is a strong opponent of the use of affective memory on stage. His directing style is based on Stanislavsky's principle of "layering" actions: psychological, physical, and verbal. His work is often regarded as physical theater with mesmerizing atmospheres, although he has dismissed the claim in an interview, "It's not physical theater. It's our theater. We create theater we want to see." His signature staging of the short stories by Anton Chekhov created a sensation in the New York theater scene. He tends to create visually compelling, colorful performances, usually presented at unique spaces not typically used for theater performances. Burago's sold-out run of "Uncle Vanya" was staged on the second floor of the historic Stanton Street Shul. His most recent production of "Avenue of Wonder" re-inaugurated the Balcony Theater at West Park Presbyterian Church, which was the original home to the Riverside Shakespeare Company and one of Joe Papp's earliest venues.
Awards
Best One Woman Show, United Solo Theatre Festival in NYC (‘11)
Best Director, Moscow Annual Festival of the Classical Plays (‘94)
Best Director, St. Petersburg Comedy Festival (‘93)
New York Stages
2010 - present
Enemies Of The People ('18) Pushkin Hall
Lady With a Lapdog With Jokes And a Happy Ending ('18) Theater For a New City & Pushkin Hall
Master and Margarita or Devil comes to Moscow ('17), West End Theater
Dr. Chekhov's Swan Song (+ Other Prescriptions) ('17), Balcony Theater
Swan Song ('17), Balcony Theater
Three Sisters ('17), Balcony Theater
Avenue of Wonder ('16), Balcony Theater
My Uncle Chekhov ('15), West End Theater
The Bear & Other Jokes by Anton Chekhov ('14), West End Theater
Uncle Vanya ('13), The Stanton Street Shul
Dr. Chekhov's Swan Song (+ Other Prescriptions) ('13), The Stanton Street Shul
House of Curiosities (‘12) Connelly Theater
The King is Dead! Long Live the King! (‘12) Connelly Theater
The Seagull (‘11) HB Studio Workshop Theater
Wonder Bread (‘11) United Solo Theater Fest, 59E59 & Edinburgh Fringe Festival
Wonder Bread (‘10) Trevino, Theater For A New City
2000
Lady w/the Lapdog; Happy Ending (‘09) Chekhov, HB Ensemble
Wonder Bread (‘09) Trevino, HB Playwrights Foundation
The Master and the Margarita (‘08) Bulgakov, HB Ensemble
The Magic Forest of Baba Yaga (‘08) Wood (translation.), Urban Stages
To Walk In Darkness ('09), James via Zuckerman, Turtle Shell Theatre
Two by Tennessee: Auto da Fé... ('08), Williams, HB Studio Workshop
Vassa (‘07) Gorky, HB Studio Workshop
Ah, My Dear Andersen (‘06) Andersen via Burago, Urban Stages
Two Evenings of One-Act Plays (‘06) HB Playwrights Foundation
The French Defense (‘06) Raitzin, NYC Fringe Festival
Little Jokes and Happy Endings (‘06) Chekhov, Manhattanville College
Check Mate (‘06) Ratzin, HB Studio Workshop
An Absolutely Happy Village (‘01) Vakhtin via Pezzulli/Burago, 42nd Street Workshop
Ah, My Dear Andersen (‘01) Andersen via Burago, 42nd Street Workshop
Hans Christian Andersen ('00), Andersen, Urban Stages
1990s
The Gamblers (‘99) Gogol, 42nd Street Workshop
In Paris (‘99) Bunin, 42nd Street Workshop
11 by Checkhov (‘98) Checkhov, 42nd Street Workshop
On The Eve (‘98) Turgenev, 42nd Street Workshop
The Queen of Spades (‘98) Pushkin, 42nd Street Workshop
Who Killed Louisa May Alcott? (‘97) Heard & White, 42nd Street Workshop
Anton Series (‘97) Hauser & Chekhov, 42nd Street Workshop
Sit Down, Eat Some Grass (‘97) Meehan, 42nd Street Workshop
Cecil & Eddy ('97) Meehan, 42nd Street Workshopp
American Theater ('97) Lopez, 42nd Street Workshop
Turkey Stages
Lady with a Lapdog with Jokes and a Happy Ending ('15), Bilkent University (Ankara, Turkey)
Billy Bob Boils the Sea (‘12) 9th International Ordu Youth and Children's Festival (Ordu, Turkey)
St. Petersburg & Moscow Stages (1988-96)
Two Maples ('96), Schwartz, Regional Drama Theater
Danaya ('95) Volkov, Baltic House Theater
Camille ('94) Duma-Shepenko, Baltic Repertory Theater
Beyond Recognition ('93) Mackenzie, Du-pont Hermitage Theater
Stoned ('91) Rekshan, Youth Theater
Fando & Lis ('90) Arrabal, Interatelier Theater
The Emperor's New Clothes ('88), Shvarts, Youth Theater
Film & Television (1988-96)
The Islands of Love (‘96) Lenfilm
The Queen of Spades (‘88) Pushkin, Moscow TV
References
Russian theatre directors
Theatre directors from Saint Petersburg | [
"Aleksey Burago (Russian: Алексей Бураго) is a Russian-American theater director, founder and Artistic Director of The Russian Arts Theater and Studio (TRATS) in New York City.",
"Life and career \n\nAleksey Burago (Director) is the Artistic and Founding Director of The Russian Arts Theater and Studio, a not-for-profit theater company located in the Upper West Side in Manhattan, New York City.",
"Aleksey graduated from Moscow Academy of Theatre Arts (GITIS) and studied with world famous theater director Pyotr Fomenko.",
"His Moscow directing credits include: \"Beyond Recognition.\"",
"Off-Broadway, he has directed \"Gamblers,\" \"An Absolutely Happy Village\", \"Ah!",
"My Dear Andersen\" and \"On the Eve.\"",
"At HB Playwrights Foundation, he has directed \"Vassa,\" \"Picnic on the Battlefield,\" \"The Master and Margarita,\" \"Wonder Bread\" and \"Lady with the Lapdog with Jokes and a Happy Ending.\"",
"His TV credits include \"The Queen of Spades\" (Actor/Director).",
"His awards include 1992 Best Director - St. Petersburg Comedy Festival and 1993 Best Director - Moscow Annual Festival of Classical Plays.",
"He has been on faculty at Theatre Academy and Conservatory in St. Petersburg, Danish Theatre School GITIS and Manhattanville College, where he taught acting and staged the short stories of Anton Chekhov.",
"Since his arrival to New York in 1997, Burago has directed many shows in New York and New Jersey, to rave reviews.",
"\"Ah, My Dear Andersen,\" which he adapted and directed in 2001 at Urban Stages, was chosen as a critic's pick by Time Out New York The play \"Wonder Bread\" written and performed by Danusia Trevino while directed by Aleksey Burago won a prestigious United Solo Festival Award in 2011 for Best One-Woman Show.",
"Aleksey Burago is teaching Michael Chekhov Technique (acting and directing) at HB Studio in New York.",
"He was the teacher of Natalya Rudakova, the leading star of Transporter 3 movie.",
"Themes and Style \n\nAleksey Burago is primarily recognized for dynamic, provocative and comedic staging of plays by Russian writers.",
"He is a keen follower and a teacher of Stanislavsky and Michael Chekhov technique, and believes that the actor should be in a constant state of \"play\".",
"He stresses the necessity of creating a gap between the actor and the character, and is a strong opponent of the use of affective memory on stage.",
"His directing style is based on Stanislavsky's principle of \"layering\" actions: psychological, physical, and verbal.",
"His work is often regarded as physical theater with mesmerizing atmospheres, although he has dismissed the claim in an interview, \"It's not physical theater.",
"It's our theater.",
"We create theater we want to see.\"",
"His signature staging of the short stories by Anton Chekhov created a sensation in the New York theater scene.",
"He tends to create visually compelling, colorful performances, usually presented at unique spaces not typically used for theater performances.",
"Burago's sold-out run of \"Uncle Vanya\" was staged on the second floor of the historic Stanton Street Shul.",
"His most recent production of \"Avenue of Wonder\" re-inaugurated the Balcony Theater at West Park Presbyterian Church, which was the original home to the Riverside Shakespeare Company and one of Joe Papp's earliest venues.",
"Awards \n\nBest One Woman Show, United Solo Theatre Festival in NYC (‘11)\nBest Director, Moscow Annual Festival of the Classical Plays (‘94)\nBest Director, St. Petersburg Comedy Festival (‘93)\n\nNew York Stages\n\n2010 - present\nEnemies Of The People ('18) Pushkin Hall\nLady With a Lapdog With Jokes And a Happy Ending ('18) Theater For a New City & Pushkin Hall\nMaster and Margarita or Devil comes to Moscow ('17), West End Theater\nDr. Chekhov's Swan Song (+ Other Prescriptions) ('17), Balcony Theater\nSwan Song ('17), Balcony Theater\nThree Sisters ('17), Balcony Theater\nAvenue of Wonder ('16), Balcony Theater\nMy Uncle Chekhov ('15), West End Theater\nThe Bear & Other Jokes by Anton Chekhov ('14), West End Theater\nUncle Vanya ('13), The Stanton Street Shul\nDr. Chekhov's Swan Song (+ Other Prescriptions) ('13), The Stanton Street Shul\nHouse of Curiosities (‘12) Connelly Theater\nThe King is Dead!",
"Long Live the King!",
"(‘12) Connelly Theater\nThe Seagull (‘11) HB Studio Workshop Theater\nWonder Bread (‘11) United Solo Theater Fest, 59E59 & Edinburgh Fringe Festival\nWonder Bread (‘10) Trevino, Theater For A New City\n\n2000\nLady w/the Lapdog; Happy Ending (‘09) Chekhov, HB Ensemble\nWonder Bread (‘09) Trevino, HB Playwrights Foundation\nThe Master and the Margarita (‘08) Bulgakov, HB Ensemble\nThe Magic Forest of Baba Yaga (‘08) Wood (translation.",
"), Urban Stages\nTo Walk In Darkness ('09), James via Zuckerman, Turtle Shell Theatre\nTwo by Tennessee: Auto da Fé... ('08), Williams, HB Studio Workshop\nVassa (‘07) Gorky, HB Studio Workshop\nAh, My Dear Andersen (‘06) Andersen via Burago, Urban Stages\nTwo Evenings of One-Act Plays (‘06) HB Playwrights Foundation\nThe French Defense (‘06) Raitzin, NYC Fringe Festival\nLittle Jokes and Happy Endings (‘06) Chekhov, Manhattanville College\nCheck Mate (‘06) Ratzin, HB Studio Workshop\nAn Absolutely Happy Village (‘01) Vakhtin via Pezzulli/Burago, 42nd Street Workshop\nAh, My Dear Andersen (‘01) Andersen via Burago, 42nd Street Workshop\nHans Christian Andersen ('00), Andersen, Urban Stages\n\n1990s\nThe Gamblers (‘99) Gogol, 42nd Street Workshop\nIn Paris (‘99) Bunin, 42nd Street Workshop\n11 by Checkhov (‘98) Checkhov, 42nd Street Workshop\nOn The Eve (‘98) Turgenev, 42nd Street Workshop\nThe Queen of Spades (‘98) Pushkin, 42nd Street Workshop\nWho Killed Louisa May Alcott?",
"(‘97) Heard & White, 42nd Street Workshop\nAnton Series (‘97) Hauser & Chekhov, 42nd Street Workshop\nSit Down, Eat Some Grass (‘97) Meehan, 42nd Street Workshop\nCecil & Eddy ('97) Meehan, 42nd Street Workshopp\nAmerican Theater ('97) Lopez, 42nd Street Workshop\n\nTurkey Stages \nLady with a Lapdog with Jokes and a Happy Ending ('15), Bilkent University (Ankara, Turkey)\nBilly Bob Boils the Sea (‘12) 9th International Ordu Youth and Children's Festival (Ordu, Turkey)\n\nSt. Petersburg & Moscow Stages (1988-96)\n\n Two Maples ('96), Schwartz, Regional Drama Theater\n Danaya ('95) Volkov, Baltic House Theater\n Camille ('94) Duma-Shepenko, Baltic Repertory Theater\n Beyond Recognition ('93) Mackenzie, Du-pont Hermitage Theater\n Stoned ('91) Rekshan, Youth Theater\n Fando & Lis ('90) Arrabal, Interatelier Theater\n The Emperor's New Clothes ('88), Shvarts, Youth Theater\n\nFilm & Television (1988-96)\n\n The Islands of Love (‘96) Lenfilm\n The Queen of Spades (‘88) Pushkin, Moscow TV\n\nReferences \n\nRussian theatre directors\nTheatre directors from Saint Petersburg"
] | [
"The Russian Arts Theater and Studio (TRATS) in New York City was founded by Aleksey Burago, a Russian-American theater director.",
"The Russian Arts Theater and Studio is a not-for-profit theater company located on the Upper West Side of Manhattan.",
"Pyotr Fomenko is a world famous theater director.",
"\"Beyond Recognition\" is one of his Moscow directing credits.",
"He directed \"Gamblers,\" \"An Absolutely Happy Village\" and \"Ah!",
"Both \"My Dear Andersen\" and \"On the Eve\" were written by Andersen.",
"He has directed \"Vassa,\" \"Picnic on the Battlefield,\" \"The Master and Margarita,\" \"Wonder Bread\" and \"Lady with the Lapdog with Jokes and a Happy Ending\" at the Playwrights Foundation.",
"His TV credits include \"The Queen of Spades\".",
"He was the Best Director of the Moscow Annual Festival of Classical plays.",
"He taught acting and staged Chekhov's short stories at Manhattanville College.",
"In New York and New Jersey, Burago has directed many shows to rave reviews.",
"\"Ah, My Dear Andersen,\" which he adapted and directed in 2001 at Urban Stages, was chosen as a critic's pick by Time Out New York.",
"Michael Chekhov Technique is being taught by Aleksey Burago at a studio in New York.",
"He taught the star of Transporter 3.",
"Aleksey Burago is known for staging plays by Russian writers.",
"He believes that the actor should be in a constant state of \"play\".",
"He is against the use of memory on stage and stresses the necessity of creating a gap between the actor and the character.",
"His style is based on the principle oflayering actions: psychological, physical, and verbal.",
"He has dismissed the idea that his work is physical theater, saying in an interview, \"It's not physical theater.\"",
"Our theater is ours.",
"We make theater that we want to see.",
"The New York theater scene was awed by his staging of Chekhov's short stories.",
"He creates visually compelling, colorful performances that are presented at unique spaces not typically used for theater performances.",
"The second floor of the historic Stanton Street Shul was where Burago's sold-out run of \"Uncle Vanya\" was staged.",
"One of Joe Papp's earliest venues, the Balcony Theater at West Park Presbyterian Church, was re-inaugurated by his most recent production of \"Avenue of Wonder\".",
"The Moscow Annual Festival of the Classical plays was the winner of the Best Director award.",
"Long Live the King!",
"Wonder Bread, Wonder Bread, Wonder Bread, Wonder Bread, Wonder Bread, Wonder Bread, Wonder Bread, Wonder Bread, Wonder Bread, Wonder Bread, Wonder Bread, Wonder Bread, Wonder Bread, Wonder Bread, Wonder Bread, Wonder Bread, Wonder Bread, Wonder Bread, Wonder Bread, Wonder",
"James via Zuckerman, Turtle Shell Theatre Two by Tennessee: Auto da Fé...",
"The 42nd Street Workshop Sit Down, Eat Some Grass is part of the Heard & White series."
] | <mask> (Russian: Алексей Бураго) is a Russian-American theater director, founder and Artistic Director of The Russian Arts Theater and Studio (TRATS) in New York City. Life and career
<mask> (Director) is the Artistic and Founding Director of The Russian Arts Theater and Studio, a not-for-profit theater company located in the Upper West Side in Manhattan, New York City. <mask> graduated from Moscow Academy of Theatre Arts (GITIS) and studied with world famous theater director Pyotr Fomenko. His Moscow directing credits include: "Beyond Recognition." Off-Broadway, he has directed "Gamblers," "An Absolutely Happy Village", "Ah! My Dear Andersen" and "On the Eve." At HB Playwrights Foundation, he has directed "Vassa," "Picnic on the Battlefield," "The Master and Margarita," "Wonder Bread" and "Lady with the Lapdog with Jokes and a Happy Ending."His TV credits include "The Queen of Spades" (Actor/Director). His awards include 1992 Best Director - St. Petersburg Comedy Festival and 1993 Best Director - Moscow Annual Festival of Classical Plays. He has been on faculty at Theatre Academy and Conservatory in St. Petersburg, Danish Theatre School GITIS and Manhattanville College, where he taught acting and staged the short stories of Anton Chekhov. Since his arrival to New York in 1997, <mask> has directed many shows in New York and New Jersey, to rave reviews. "Ah, My Dear Andersen," which he adapted and directed in 2001 at Urban Stages, was chosen as a critic's pick by Time Out New York The play "Wonder Bread" written and performed by Danusia Trevino while directed by <mask> <mask> won a prestigious United Solo Festival Award in 2011 for Best One-Woman Show. <mask> <mask> is teaching Michael Chekhov Technique (acting and directing) at HB Studio in New York. He was the teacher of Natalya Rudakova, the leading star of Transporter 3 movie.Themes and Style
<mask> <mask> is primarily recognized for dynamic, provocative and comedic staging of plays by Russian writers. He is a keen follower and a teacher of Stanislavsky and Michael Chekhov technique, and believes that the actor should be in a constant state of "play". He stresses the necessity of creating a gap between the actor and the character, and is a strong opponent of the use of affective memory on stage. His directing style is based on Stanislavsky's principle of "layering" actions: psychological, physical, and verbal. His work is often regarded as physical theater with mesmerizing atmospheres, although he has dismissed the claim in an interview, "It's not physical theater. It's our theater. We create theater we want to see."His signature staging of the short stories by Anton Chekhov created a sensation in the New York theater scene. He tends to create visually compelling, colorful performances, usually presented at unique spaces not typically used for theater performances. <mask>'s sold-out run of "Uncle Vanya" was staged on the second floor of the historic Stanton Street Shul. His most recent production of "Avenue of Wonder" re-inaugurated the Balcony Theater at West Park Presbyterian Church, which was the original home to the Riverside Shakespeare Company and one of Joe Papp's earliest venues. Awards
Best One Woman Show, United Solo Theatre Festival in NYC (‘11)
Best Director, Moscow Annual Festival of the Classical Plays (‘94)
Best Director, St. Petersburg Comedy Festival (‘93)
New York Stages
2010 - present
Enemies Of The People ('18) Pushkin Hall
Lady With a Lapdog With Jokes And a Happy Ending ('18) Theater For a New City & Pushkin Hall
Master and Margarita or Devil comes to Moscow ('17), West End Theater
Dr. Chekhov's Swan Song (+ Other Prescriptions) ('17), Balcony Theater
Swan Song ('17), Balcony Theater
Three Sisters ('17), Balcony Theater
Avenue of Wonder ('16), Balcony Theater
My Uncle Chekhov ('15), West End Theater
The Bear & Other Jokes by Anton Chekhov ('14), West End Theater
Uncle Vanya ('13), The Stanton Street Shul
Dr. Chekhov's Swan Song (+ Other Prescriptions) ('13), The Stanton Street Shul
House of Curiosities (‘12) Connelly Theater
The King is Dead! Long Live the King! (‘12) Connelly Theater
The Seagull (‘11) HB Studio Workshop Theater
Wonder Bread (‘11) United Solo Theater Fest, 59E59 & Edinburgh Fringe Festival
Wonder Bread (‘10) Trevino, Theater For A New City
2000
Lady w/the Lapdog; Happy Ending (‘09) Chekhov, HB Ensemble
Wonder Bread (‘09) Trevino, HB Playwrights Foundation
The Master and the Margarita (‘08) Bulgakov, HB Ensemble
The Magic Forest of Baba Yaga (‘08) Wood (translation.), Urban Stages
To Walk In Darkness ('09), James via Zuckerman, Turtle Shell Theatre
Two by Tennessee: Auto da Fé... ('08), Williams, HB Studio Workshop
Vassa (‘07) Gorky, HB Studio Workshop
Ah, My Dear Andersen (‘06) Andersen via Burago, Urban Stages
Two Evenings of One-Act Plays (‘06) HB Playwrights Foundation
The French Defense (‘06) Raitzin, NYC Fringe Festival
Little Jokes and Happy Endings (‘06) Chekhov, Manhattanville College
Check Mate (‘06) Ratzin, HB Studio Workshop
An Absolutely Happy Village (‘01) Vakhtin via Pezzulli/Burago, 42nd Street Workshop
Ah, My Dear Andersen (‘01) Andersen via Burago, 42nd Street Workshop
Hans Christian Andersen ('00), Andersen, Urban Stages
1990s
The Gamblers (‘99) Gogol, 42nd Street Workshop
In Paris (‘99) Bunin, 42nd Street Workshop
11 by Checkhov (‘98) Checkhov, 42nd Street Workshop
On The Eve (‘98) Turgenev, 42nd Street Workshop
The Queen of Spades (‘98) Pushkin, 42nd Street Workshop
Who Killed Louisa May Alcott? (‘97) Heard & White, 42nd Street Workshop
Anton Series (‘97) Hauser & Chekhov, 42nd Street Workshop
Sit Down, Eat Some Grass (‘97) Meehan, 42nd Street Workshop
Cecil & Eddy ('97) Meehan, 42nd Street Workshopp
American Theater ('97) Lopez, 42nd Street Workshop
Turkey Stages
Lady with a Lapdog with Jokes and a Happy Ending ('15), Bilkent University (Ankara, Turkey)
Billy Bob Boils the Sea (‘12) 9th International Ordu Youth and Children's Festival (Ordu, Turkey)
St. Petersburg & Moscow Stages (1988-96)
Two Maples ('96), Schwartz, Regional Drama Theater
Danaya ('95) Volkov, Baltic House Theater
Camille ('94) Duma-Shepenko, Baltic Repertory Theater
Beyond Recognition ('93) Mackenzie, Du-pont Hermitage Theater
Stoned ('91) Rekshan, Youth Theater
Fando & Lis ('90) Arrabal, Interatelier Theater
The Emperor's New Clothes ('88), Shvarts, Youth Theater
Film & Television (1988-96)
The Islands of Love (‘96) Lenfilm
The Queen of Spades (‘88) Pushkin, Moscow TV
References
Russian theatre directors
Theatre directors from Saint Petersburg | [
"Aleksey Burago",
"Aleksey Burago",
"Aleksey",
"Burago",
"Aleksey",
"Burago",
"Aleksey",
"Burago",
"Aleksey",
"Burago",
"Burago"
] | The Russian Arts Theater and Studio (TRATS) in New York City was founded by <mask>, a Russian-American theater director. The Russian Arts Theater and Studio is a not-for-profit theater company located on the Upper West Side of Manhattan. Pyotr Fomenko is a world famous theater director. "Beyond Recognition" is one of his Moscow directing credits. He directed "Gamblers," "An Absolutely Happy Village" and "Ah! Both "My Dear Andersen" and "On the Eve" were written by Andersen. He has directed "Vassa," "Picnic on the Battlefield," "The Master and Margarita," "Wonder Bread" and "Lady with the Lapdog with Jokes and a Happy Ending" at the Playwrights Foundation.His TV credits include "The Queen of Spades". He was the Best Director of the Moscow Annual Festival of Classical plays. He taught acting and staged Chekhov's short stories at Manhattanville College. In New York and New Jersey, <mask> has directed many shows to rave reviews. "Ah, My Dear Andersen," which he adapted and directed in 2001 at Urban Stages, was chosen as a critic's pick by Time Out New York. Michael Chekhov Technique is being taught by <mask> <mask> at a studio in New York. He taught the star of Transporter 3.<mask> <mask> is known for staging plays by Russian writers. He believes that the actor should be in a constant state of "play". He is against the use of memory on stage and stresses the necessity of creating a gap between the actor and the character. His style is based on the principle oflayering actions: psychological, physical, and verbal. He has dismissed the idea that his work is physical theater, saying in an interview, "It's not physical theater." Our theater is ours. We make theater that we want to see.The New York theater scene was awed by his staging of Chekhov's short stories. He creates visually compelling, colorful performances that are presented at unique spaces not typically used for theater performances. The second floor of the historic Stanton Street Shul was where Burago's sold-out run of "Uncle Vanya" was staged. One of Joe Papp's earliest venues, the Balcony Theater at West Park Presbyterian Church, was re-inaugurated by his most recent production of "Avenue of Wonder". The Moscow Annual Festival of the Classical plays was the winner of the Best Director award. Long Live the King! Wonder Bread, Wonder Bread, Wonder Bread, Wonder Bread, Wonder Bread, Wonder Bread, Wonder Bread, Wonder Bread, Wonder Bread, Wonder Bread, Wonder Bread, Wonder Bread, Wonder Bread, Wonder Bread, Wonder Bread, Wonder Bread, Wonder Bread, Wonder Bread, Wonder Bread, WonderJames via Zuckerman, Turtle Shell Theatre Two by Tennessee: Auto da Fé... The 42nd Street Workshop Sit Down, Eat Some Grass is part of the Heard & White series. | [
"Aleksey Burago",
"Burago",
"Aleksey",
"Burago",
"Aleksey",
"Burago"
] |
2447343 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt%20Barnes | Matt Barnes | Matthew Kelly Barnes (born March 9, 1980) is an American former professional basketball player who played 14 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Barnes was drafted in the second round of the 2002 NBA draft by the Memphis Grizzlies. He won an NBA championship with the Golden State Warriors in his last season with the league in 2017.
Early life
Barnes was born in Santa Clara, California, to a white mother and an African American father. He attended Del Campo High School in Fair Oaks, California, where he was a letterman in football and basketball. He earned All-American, All-State, All-CIF, All-City, and All-League honors in each sport.
Barnes played four seasons of college basketball at UCLA, where he was an All-Pacific-10 Honorable Mention selection in 2001.
Professional career
Fayetteville Patriots (2002–2003)
Barnes was selected with the 46th overall pick by the Memphis Grizzlies in the 2002 NBA draft, and was immediately traded along with Nick Anderson, to the Cleveland Cavaliers for Wesley Person. The Cavaliers assigned him for the NBA D-League, and he joined the Fayetteville Patriots for the 2002–03 season.
Long Beach Jam (2003–2004)
Barnes signed with the Long Beach Jam of the ABA for their inaugural season in 2003, where he played with Dennis Rodman. The team went 24–7 and won the ABA Championship. Barnes averaged 18.9 points and 6.8 rebounds.
Los Angeles Clippers (2004)
Barnes signed a contract with the Los Angeles Clippers for the second half of the 2003–04 NBA season.
Sacramento Kings (2004–2005)
In October 2004, he signed with the Sacramento Kings. He made his debut for the Kings recording 17 points and 9 rebounds, establishing himself as a key rotation player for Sacramento. He was traded halfway through the 2004–05 season along with Chris Webber to the Philadelphia 76ers, in exchange for Kenny Thomas, Corliss Williamson and Brian Skinner. He did not suit up for Philadelphia that season while recovering from a knee tendinitis, and was given an injury release.
New York Knicks (2005)
Barnes signed a free agent contract with the New York Knicks in October 2005. Although he appeared to secure a starting job with an impressive preseason and Allan Houston's retirement, he was waived by the Knicks after playing just six games.
Philadelphia 76ers (2005–2006)
Barnes was claimed by the 76ers to serve a second stint in Philadelphia, where he finished out the 2005–06 season.
Golden State Warriors (2006–2008)
Barnes signed with the Golden State Warriors before their first day of training camp in October 2006, and effectively raised his status in the league since joining the team. With struggling forward Mike Dunleavy, Jr. placed on the bench, Barnes was given more playing time by coach Don Nelson. On December 26, 2006, he hit seven three-point field goals to tie a Warriors franchise record. The record was broken later that season by Jason Richardson, who hit 8 three-pointers on March 29, 2007. Barnes, a high-school All-American wide receiver, says that if he had not been signed by the Warriors he would have tried out for the NFL.
Before signing with Golden State, Barnes had only made 10 three-pointers in his career. In the 2006–07 season, he made 106. After joining Golden State, Matt's offense improved impressively, from 3 points a game in Philadelphia to 9.8, appearing in 76 games. He also added a strong 2007 post-season, with 11.1 ppg and 5.7 rpg in eleven playoff games and helped the #8 seed Warriors take down the #1 seed Mavericks in the 2007 playoffs.
On August 6, 2007, Barnes returned to the Warriors under a one-year contract.
Barnes, along with teammates Stephen Jackson and Baron Davis, served as a Warriors team captain for the 2007–08 season. He was not expected to return for the 2008–09 season.
Phoenix Suns (2008–2009)
On July 22, 2008, Barnes signed a one-year contract with the Phoenix Suns. On November 14, 2008, Barnes received a two-game suspension for his role in the scuffle with Houston's Rafer Alston two days earlier.
Orlando Magic (2009–2010)
On July 23, 2009, Barnes signed a two-year deal with the Orlando Magic. Although he was able to opt out of his deal after the first year, Barnes stated that he would like to remain in Orlando. After the Magic were eliminated in the 2010 NBA Playoffs by the Boston Celtics, Barnes announced he would opt out of the final year of his contract.
Los Angeles Lakers (2010–2012)
On July 23, 2010, Barnes signed with the Los Angeles Lakers.
Return to the Clippers (2012–2015)
Barnes signed with the Los Angeles Clippers in September 2012. On October 31, 2012, the NBA suspended Barnes for one game after he pleaded no contest to a misdemeanor for resisting, delaying or obstructing a police officer. In June 2013, Barnes was named Defensive Player of the Year for the Clippers. On July 10, 2013, Barnes re-signed with the Clippers to a multi-year deal. In November 2013, Barnes was fined $25,000 for not leaving the court in a timely manner after an ejection in a game against the Oklahoma City Thunder and for using his Twitter account during the game in violation of the NBA's rules.
During the 2014–15 season, Barnes was fined multiple times. On December 13, he was fined $25,000 for kicking a water bottle and using language during a game against the Washington Wizards. On January 25, 2015 he was fined $25,000 for what was said to be inappropriate language directed towards a fan during a game against the Phoenix Suns, although Barnes said that it was directed towards the Suns' owner. On May 8, he was fined $50,000 for remarks made to James Harden's mother during a playoff game against the Houston Rockets.
Memphis Grizzlies (2015–2016)
On June 15, 2015, Barnes was traded, along with Spencer Hawes, to the Charlotte Hornets in exchange for shooting guard Lance Stephenson.
Later that month, on June 25, Barnes was traded again, this time to the Memphis Grizzlies in exchange for Luke Ridnour. The move reunited Barnes with the team that originally drafted him in 2002. On December 28, 2015, Barnes was suspended by the NBA for two games for a physical altercation with New York Knicks coach Derek Fisher at the home of Barnes' estranged wife in Southern California in October. On January 13, 2016, the NBA Players Association filed a grievance on behalf of Barnes to get his two-game suspension without pay rescinded. Four days later, he was fined $35,000 by the NBA for publicly defending his violence towards Fisher in their October scuffle. On February 24, he scored a season-high 25 points in the Grizzlies' 128–119 win over the Los Angeles Lakers. On March 11, he recorded his first career triple-double with 26 points, 11 rebounds and 10 assists in a 121–114 overtime win over the New Orleans Pelicans.
Return to Sacramento (2016–2017)
On July 9, 2016, Barnes signed with the Sacramento Kings. On February 20, 2017, he was waived by the Kings to make room for the three players the Kings acquired in the DeMarcus Cousins trade.
Return to Golden State (2017)
On March 2, 2017, Barnes signed with the Golden State Warriors. The Warriors' starting forward, Kevin Durant, went down with a MCL injury, which left the team in need of a replacement forward. Barnes started in 5 games out of his 20 games played with the Warriors in the regular season. The Warriors won the 2017 NBA Championship after defeating the Cleveland Cavaliers 4–1 in the NBA Finals, giving Barnes his first championship ring after 14 seasons in the NBA and 16 years in professional basketball. The Warriors finished the playoffs with a 16–1 record, the best postseason winning percentage in NBA history.
On December 11, 2017, Barnes announced his retirement from the NBA via a post on Instagram.
Career statistics
NBA
Regular season
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| L.A. Clippers
| 38 || 9 || 19.1 || .457 || .154 || .705 || 4.0 || 1.3 || .7 || .1 || 4.5
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Sacramento
| 43 || 9 || 16.6 || .411 || .227 || .603 || 3.1 || 1.3 || .7 || .2 || 3.8
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| New York
| 6 || 5 || 15.5 || .367 || .250 || .750 || 4.0 || 1.0 || .7 || .0 || 4.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Philadelphia
| 50 || 0 || 10.8 || .536 || .182 || .674 || 1.9 || .4 || .3 || .1 || 3.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Golden State
| 76 || 23 || 23.9 || .438 || .366 || .732 || 4.6 || 2.1 || 1.0 || .5 || 9.8
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Golden State
| 73 || 18 || 19.4 || .423 || .293 || .747 || 4.4 || 1.9 || .7 || .5 || 6.7
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Phoenix
| 77 || 40 || 27.0 || .423 || .343 || .743 || 5.5 || 2.8 || .7 || .3 || 10.2
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Orlando
| 81 || 58 || 25.9 || .487 || .319 || .740 || 5.5 || 1.7 || .7 || .4 || 8.8
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| L.A. Lakers
| 53 || 0 || 19.2 || .470 || .318 || .779 || 4.3 || 1.3 || .7 || .4 || 6.7
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| L.A. Lakers
| 63 || 16 || 22.9 || .452 || .333 || .742 || 5.5 || 2.0 || .6 || .8 || 7.8
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| L.A. Clippers
| 80 || 4 || 25.7 || .462 || .342 || .744 || 4.6 || 1.5 || 1.0 || .8 || 10.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| L.A. Clippers
| 63 || 40 || 27.5 || .438 || .343 || .733 || 4.6 || 2.0 || .9 || .4 || 9.9
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| L.A. Clippers
| 76 || 74 || 29.9 || .444 || .362 || .779 || 4.0 || 1.5 || .9 || .7 || 10.1
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Memphis
| 76 || 45 || 28.8 || .381 || .322 || .804 || 5.5 || 2.1 || 1.0 || .8 || 10.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Sacramento
| 54 || 13 || 25.3 || .384 || .327 || .758 || 5.5 || 2.8 || .7 || .3 || 7.6
|-
| style="text-align:left;background:#afe6ba;"| †
| style="text-align:left;"| Golden State
| 20 || 5 || 20.5 || .422 || .346 || .870|| 4.6 || 2.3 || .6 || .5 || 5.7
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Career
| 929 || 359 || 23.6 || .436 || .335 || .745 || 4.6 || 1.8 || .8 || .5 || 8.2
Playoffs
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2007
| style="text-align:left;"| Golden State
| 11 || 3 || 30.0 || .450 || .422 || .722 || 5.7 || 2.4 || 1.5 || .4 || 11.1
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2010
| style="text-align:left;"| Orlando
| 14 || 14 || 23.3 || .400 || .375 || .850 || 4.7 || 1.4 || .7 || .2 || 6.4
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2011
| style="text-align:left;"| L.A. Lakers
| 10 || 0 || 13.1 || .395 || .167 || .571 || 2.8 || .5 || .7 || .2 || 3.6
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2012
| style="text-align:left;"| L.A. Lakers
| 11 || 0 || 16.8 || .271 || .161 || .500 || 3.3 || 1.5 || .9 || .5 || 3.5
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2013
| style="text-align:left;"| L.A. Clippers
| 6 || 0 || 27.0 || .545 || .412 || .842 || 5.0 || .5 || .7 || .3 || 11.8
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2014
| style="text-align:left;"| L.A. Clippers
| 13 || 13 || 31.1 || .421 || .317 || .684 || 4.5 || 1.8 || .9 || .2 || 9.4
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2015
| style="text-align:left;"| L.A. Clippers
| 14 || 14 || 29.2 || .380 || .267 || .750 || 5.1 || 1.6 || 1.4 || .7 || 7.6
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2016
| style="text-align:left;"| Memphis
| 4 || 4 || 34.8 || .348 || .167 || .800 || 7.3 || 2.8 || 1.0 || .3 || 10.8
|-
| style="text-align:left;background:#afe6ba;"| 2017†
| style="text-align:left;"| Golden State
| 12 || 0 || 5.1 || .267 || .125 || .000 || .8 || .6 || .2 || .0 || .8
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Career
| 95 || 48 || 22.6 || .399 || .297 || .752 || 4.1 || 1.4 || .9 || .3 || 6.7
College
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|1998–99
| style="text-align:left;"|UCLA
| 30 || 8 || 13.1 || .434 || .294 || .478 || 2.9 || 0.8 || 0.3 || 0.2 || 3.9
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|1999-00
| style="text-align:left;"|UCLA
| 28 || 1 || 14.8 || .471 || .156 || .488 || 2.6 || 1.0 || 0.7 || 0.4 || 5.6
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2000–01
| style="text-align:left;"|UCLA
| 32 || 26 || 30.3 || .478 || .120 || .574 || 7.3 || 2.7 || 1.6 || 0.6 || 11.6
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2001–02
| style="text-align:left;"|UCLA
| 31 || 31 || 30.7 || .471 || .417 || .619 || 6.2 || 3.5 || 1.1 || 0.3 || 13.5
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Career
| 121 || 66 || 22.6 || .469 || .314 || .566 || 4.8 || 2.0 || 1.0 || 0.4 || 8.8
Personal life
Barnes' younger brother Jason played football in the Canadian Football League.
Barnes was married to Gloria Govan, who appeared in VH1's Basketball Wives and Basketball Wives: LA, and the couple have twin boys. Barnes was arrested in 2010 on suspicion of domestic violence against Govan, and for driving with a suspended license and threatening a police officer in July 2012. They separated in 2014.
References
External links
NBA biography
Yo, I'm Matt Barnes, 14-year NBA vet and World Champion, and I want to talk about cannabis in sports. AMA.
1980 births
Living people
African-American basketball players
Basketball players from California
Fayetteville Patriots players
Golden State Warriors players
Long Beach Jam players
Los Angeles Clippers players
Los Angeles Lakers players
Memphis Grizzlies draft picks
Memphis Grizzlies players
New York Knicks players
Orlando Magic players
People from Fair Oaks, California
Philadelphia 76ers players
Phoenix Suns players
Sacramento Kings players
Small forwards
Sportspeople from Santa Clara, California
UCLA Bruins men's basketball players
American men's basketball players
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American people | [
"Matthew Kelly Barnes (born March 9, 1980) is an American former professional basketball player who played 14 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA).",
"Barnes was drafted in the second round of the 2002 NBA draft by the Memphis Grizzlies.",
"He won an NBA championship with the Golden State Warriors in his last season with the league in 2017.",
"Early life\nBarnes was born in Santa Clara, California, to a white mother and an African American father.",
"He attended Del Campo High School in Fair Oaks, California, where he was a letterman in football and basketball.",
"He earned All-American, All-State, All-CIF, All-City, and All-League honors in each sport.",
"Barnes played four seasons of college basketball at UCLA, where he was an All-Pacific-10 Honorable Mention selection in 2001.",
"Professional career\n\nFayetteville Patriots (2002–2003)\nBarnes was selected with the 46th overall pick by the Memphis Grizzlies in the 2002 NBA draft, and was immediately traded along with Nick Anderson, to the Cleveland Cavaliers for Wesley Person.",
"The Cavaliers assigned him for the NBA D-League, and he joined the Fayetteville Patriots for the 2002–03 season.",
"Long Beach Jam (2003–2004) \nBarnes signed with the Long Beach Jam of the ABA for their inaugural season in 2003, where he played with Dennis Rodman.",
"The team went 24–7 and won the ABA Championship.",
"Barnes averaged 18.9 points and 6.8 rebounds.",
"Los Angeles Clippers (2004) \nBarnes signed a contract with the Los Angeles Clippers for the second half of the 2003–04 NBA season.",
"Sacramento Kings (2004–2005) \nIn October 2004, he signed with the Sacramento Kings.",
"He made his debut for the Kings recording 17 points and 9 rebounds, establishing himself as a key rotation player for Sacramento.",
"He was traded halfway through the 2004–05 season along with Chris Webber to the Philadelphia 76ers, in exchange for Kenny Thomas, Corliss Williamson and Brian Skinner.",
"He did not suit up for Philadelphia that season while recovering from a knee tendinitis, and was given an injury release.",
"New York Knicks (2005) \nBarnes signed a free agent contract with the New York Knicks in October 2005.",
"Although he appeared to secure a starting job with an impressive preseason and Allan Houston's retirement, he was waived by the Knicks after playing just six games.",
"Philadelphia 76ers (2005–2006) \nBarnes was claimed by the 76ers to serve a second stint in Philadelphia, where he finished out the 2005–06 season.",
"Golden State Warriors (2006–2008)\nBarnes signed with the Golden State Warriors before their first day of training camp in October 2006, and effectively raised his status in the league since joining the team.",
"With struggling forward Mike Dunleavy, Jr. placed on the bench, Barnes was given more playing time by coach Don Nelson.",
"On December 26, 2006, he hit seven three-point field goals to tie a Warriors franchise record.",
"The record was broken later that season by Jason Richardson, who hit 8 three-pointers on March 29, 2007.",
"Barnes, a high-school All-American wide receiver, says that if he had not been signed by the Warriors he would have tried out for the NFL.",
"Before signing with Golden State, Barnes had only made 10 three-pointers in his career.",
"In the 2006–07 season, he made 106.",
"After joining Golden State, Matt's offense improved impressively, from 3 points a game in Philadelphia to 9.8, appearing in 76 games.",
"He also added a strong 2007 post-season, with 11.1 ppg and 5.7 rpg in eleven playoff games and helped the #8 seed Warriors take down the #1 seed Mavericks in the 2007 playoffs.",
"On August 6, 2007, Barnes returned to the Warriors under a one-year contract.",
"Barnes, along with teammates Stephen Jackson and Baron Davis, served as a Warriors team captain for the 2007–08 season.",
"He was not expected to return for the 2008–09 season.",
"Phoenix Suns (2008–2009)\n\nOn July 22, 2008, Barnes signed a one-year contract with the Phoenix Suns.",
"On November 14, 2008, Barnes received a two-game suspension for his role in the scuffle with Houston's Rafer Alston two days earlier.",
"Orlando Magic (2009–2010)\nOn July 23, 2009, Barnes signed a two-year deal with the Orlando Magic.",
"Although he was able to opt out of his deal after the first year, Barnes stated that he would like to remain in Orlando.",
"After the Magic were eliminated in the 2010 NBA Playoffs by the Boston Celtics, Barnes announced he would opt out of the final year of his contract.",
"Los Angeles Lakers (2010–2012)\nOn July 23, 2010, Barnes signed with the Los Angeles Lakers.",
"Return to the Clippers (2012–2015)\n\nBarnes signed with the Los Angeles Clippers in September 2012.",
"On October 31, 2012, the NBA suspended Barnes for one game after he pleaded no contest to a misdemeanor for resisting, delaying or obstructing a police officer.",
"In June 2013, Barnes was named Defensive Player of the Year for the Clippers.",
"On July 10, 2013, Barnes re-signed with the Clippers to a multi-year deal.",
"In November 2013, Barnes was fined $25,000 for not leaving the court in a timely manner after an ejection in a game against the Oklahoma City Thunder and for using his Twitter account during the game in violation of the NBA's rules.",
"During the 2014–15 season, Barnes was fined multiple times.",
"On December 13, he was fined $25,000 for kicking a water bottle and using language during a game against the Washington Wizards.",
"On January 25, 2015 he was fined $25,000 for what was said to be inappropriate language directed towards a fan during a game against the Phoenix Suns, although Barnes said that it was directed towards the Suns' owner.",
"On May 8, he was fined $50,000 for remarks made to James Harden's mother during a playoff game against the Houston Rockets.",
"Memphis Grizzlies (2015–2016)\nOn June 15, 2015, Barnes was traded, along with Spencer Hawes, to the Charlotte Hornets in exchange for shooting guard Lance Stephenson.",
"Later that month, on June 25, Barnes was traded again, this time to the Memphis Grizzlies in exchange for Luke Ridnour.",
"The move reunited Barnes with the team that originally drafted him in 2002.",
"On December 28, 2015, Barnes was suspended by the NBA for two games for a physical altercation with New York Knicks coach Derek Fisher at the home of Barnes' estranged wife in Southern California in October.",
"On January 13, 2016, the NBA Players Association filed a grievance on behalf of Barnes to get his two-game suspension without pay rescinded.",
"Four days later, he was fined $35,000 by the NBA for publicly defending his violence towards Fisher in their October scuffle.",
"On February 24, he scored a season-high 25 points in the Grizzlies' 128–119 win over the Los Angeles Lakers.",
"On March 11, he recorded his first career triple-double with 26 points, 11 rebounds and 10 assists in a 121–114 overtime win over the New Orleans Pelicans.",
"Return to Sacramento (2016–2017)\nOn July 9, 2016, Barnes signed with the Sacramento Kings.",
"On February 20, 2017, he was waived by the Kings to make room for the three players the Kings acquired in the DeMarcus Cousins trade.",
"Return to Golden State (2017)\nOn March 2, 2017, Barnes signed with the Golden State Warriors.",
"The Warriors' starting forward, Kevin Durant, went down with a MCL injury, which left the team in need of a replacement forward.",
"Barnes started in 5 games out of his 20 games played with the Warriors in the regular season.",
"The Warriors won the 2017 NBA Championship after defeating the Cleveland Cavaliers 4–1 in the NBA Finals, giving Barnes his first championship ring after 14 seasons in the NBA and 16 years in professional basketball.",
"The Warriors finished the playoffs with a 16–1 record, the best postseason winning percentage in NBA history.",
"On December 11, 2017, Barnes announced his retirement from the NBA via a post on Instagram.",
"Barnes was married to Gloria Govan, who appeared in VH1's Basketball Wives and Basketball Wives: LA, and the couple have twin boys.",
"Barnes was arrested in 2010 on suspicion of domestic violence against Govan, and for driving with a suspended license and threatening a police officer in July 2012.",
"They separated in 2014.",
"References\n\nExternal links\n\n NBA biography\n \n Yo, I'm Matt Barnes, 14-year NBA vet and World Champion, and I want to talk about cannabis in sports.",
"AMA.",
"1980 births\nLiving people\nAfrican-American basketball players\nBasketball players from California\nFayetteville Patriots players\nGolden State Warriors players\nLong Beach Jam players\nLos Angeles Clippers players\nLos Angeles Lakers players\nMemphis Grizzlies draft picks\nMemphis Grizzlies players\nNew York Knicks players\nOrlando Magic players\nPeople from Fair Oaks, California\nPhiladelphia 76ers players\nPhoenix Suns players\nSacramento Kings players\nSmall forwards\nSportspeople from Santa Clara, California\nUCLA Bruins men's basketball players\nAmerican men's basketball players\n21st-century African-American sportspeople\n20th-century African-American people"
] | [
"Matthew Kelly Barnes is an American former professional basketball player who played 14 seasons in the NBA.",
"Barnes was drafted in the second round of the NBA draft.",
"He won an NBA title with the Golden State Warriors.",
"Barnes was born in Santa Clara, California, to a white mother and African American father.",
"He was a letterman in football and basketball at Del Campo High School.",
"He received All-American, All-State, All-CIF, All-City, and All-League honors.",
"Barnes was an All-Pacific-10 Honorable Mention selection in 2001 while he was at UCLA.",
"Barnes was selected with the 46th overall pick by the Memphis Grizzlies in the 2002 NBA draft, and was immediately traded along with Nick Anderson to the Cleveland Cavaliers for Wesley Person.",
"He was assigned to the NBA D-League by the Cleveland Indians.",
"Barnes joined the Long Beach Jam of the ABA in 2003 and played with Dennis Rodman.",
"The team won the ABA Championship.",
"Barnes had 18.9 points and 6.8 rebound.",
"Barnes signed a contract with the Los Angeles Clippers in the second half of the NBA season.",
"In October 2004, he joined the Sacramento Kings.",
"He made his debut for the Kings and recorded 17 points and 9 rebound.",
"He was traded halfway through the 2004–05 season along with Chris Webber to the Philadelphia 76ers in exchange for Kenny Thomas, Corliss Williamson and Brian Skinner.",
"He was given an injury release and did not suit up for Philadelphia that season.",
"Barnes signed a free agent contract with the New York Knicks.",
"He was released by the Knicks after playing just six games, even though he appeared to secure a starting job with an impressive preseason and Allan Houston's retirement.",
"Barnes was claimed by the 76ers to serve a second stint in Philadelphia, where he finished out the 2005–06 season.",
"Barnes joined the Golden State Warriors before the first day of training camp in October of 2006 and raised his status in the league.",
"Barnes was given more playing time after Mike Dunleavy, Jr. was placed on the bench.",
"He tied a Warriors franchise record on December 26, 2006 with seven three-point field goals.",
"On March 29, 2007, Richardson hit 8 three-pointers, breaking the record.",
"If he hadn't been signed by the Warriors, Barnes would have tried out for the NFL.",
"Barnes only made 10 three-pointers in his career before signing with Golden State.",
"He made 106 in the 2006–07 season.",
"Matt's offense went from 3 points a game in Philadelphia to 9.8 in 76 games after joining Golden State.",
"He helped the #8 seed Warriors take down the #1 seed Mavericks in the playoffs in 2007, with 11.1 ppg and 5.7 rpg in eleven games.",
"Barnes signed a one-year contract with the Warriors on August 6, 2007.",
"Barnes, Stephen Jackson and Baron Davis were team captains for the Warriors in 2007.",
"He wasn't expected to return for the 2008–09 season.",
"Barnes signed a one-year contract with the Phoenix Suns.",
"On November 14, 2008, Barnes received a two-game suspension for his role in the altercation with Houston's Rafer Alston.",
"Barnes signed a two-year deal with the Magic on July 23, 2009.",
"Barnes was able to opt out of his contract after the first year, but he would like to stay in the area.",
"Barnes decided to opt out of his contract after the Magic were eliminated in the NBA playoffs.",
"Barnes joined the Los Angeles Lakers on July 23, 2010.",
"Barnes joined the Los Angeles Clippers in September of 2012",
"The NBA suspended Barnes for one game in October of 2012 after he pleaded no contest to resisting, delaying or obstructing a police officer.",
"Barnes was named the defensive player of the year by the Clippers.",
"Barnes re-signed with the Clippers on July 10, 2013, for a multi-year deal.",
"Barnes was fined $25,000 by the NBA for not leaving the court in a timely manner after being ejected in a game against Oklahoma City and for using his social media account during the game.",
"Barnes was fined many times.",
"He was fined $25,000 for kicking a water bottle and using language during a game.",
"He was fined $25,000 for using inappropriate language towards a fan during a game against the Phoenix Suns, but Barnes said that it was directed towards the Suns' owner.",
"He was fined $50,000 for making comments to James Harden's mother during a playoff game.",
"On June 15, 2015, Barnes was traded to the Charlotte Hornets in exchange for shooting guard Lance Stephenson.",
"On June 25, Barnes was traded to Memphis in exchange for Ridnour.",
"Barnes was drafted by the team in 2002.",
"On December 28, 2015, Barnes was suspended by the NBA for two games for a physical altercation with the New York Knicks coach at the home of Barnes' estranged wife in Southern California.",
"The NBA Players Association filed a complaint on Barnes' behalf to get his two-game suspension overturned.",
"He was fined $35,000 by the NBA for defending his violence towards Fisher.",
"He scored a season-high 25 points in a win over the Los Angeles Lakers.",
"He recorded his first career triple-double with 26 points, 11 rebound and 10 assists in a 121–114 overtime win over the New Orleans Pelicans.",
"Barnes signed with the Kings on July 9, 2016",
"The Kings made room for the three players they acquired in the trade by waiving him.",
"Barnes signed with the Golden State Warriors.",
"The Warriors needed a replacement for Kevin Durant, who went down with a knee injury.",
"Barnes started in 5 games for the Warriors in the regular season.",
"Barnes received his first championship ring after 14 seasons in the NBA and 16 years in professional basketball after the Warriors won the NBA Championship.",
"The Warriors' winning percentage in the playoffs was the best in NBA history.",
"Barnes announced his retirement from the NBA on December 11, 2017.",
"Barnes was married to Gloria Govan, who appeared in Basketball Wives and Basketball Wives: LA, and the couple have twin boys.",
"Barnes was arrested in 2010 on suspicion of domestic violence against Govan, and for driving with a suspended license and threatening a police officer.",
"They separated in the summer of 2014).",
"I'm Matt Barnes, 14-year NBA vet and World Champion, and I want to talk about cannabis in sports.",
"AAMA.",
"The living people are African-American basketball players."
] | <mask> (born March 9, 1980) is an American former professional basketball player who played 14 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA). <mask> was drafted in the second round of the 2002 NBA draft by the Memphis Grizzlies. He won an NBA championship with the Golden State Warriors in his last season with the league in 2017. Early life
<mask> was born in Santa Clara, California, to a white mother and an African American father. He attended Del Campo High School in Fair Oaks, California, where he was a letterman in football and basketball. He earned All-American, All-State, All-CIF, All-City, and All-League honors in each sport. <mask> played four seasons of college basketball at UCLA, where he was an All-Pacific-10 Honorable Mention selection in 2001.Professional career
Fayetteville Patriots (2002–2003)
<mask> was selected with the 46th overall pick by the Memphis Grizzlies in the 2002 NBA draft, and was immediately traded along with Nick Anderson, to the Cleveland Cavaliers for Wesley Person. The Cavaliers assigned him for the NBA D-League, and he joined the Fayetteville Patriots for the 2002–03 season. Long Beach Jam (2003–2004)
<mask> signed with the Long Beach Jam of the ABA for their inaugural season in 2003, where he played with Dennis Rodman. The team went 24–7 and won the ABA Championship. <mask> averaged 18.9 points and 6.8 rebounds. Los Angeles Clippers (2004)
<mask> signed a contract with the Los Angeles Clippers for the second half of the 2003–04 NBA season. Sacramento Kings (2004–2005)
In October 2004, he signed with the Sacramento Kings.He made his debut for the Kings recording 17 points and 9 rebounds, establishing himself as a key rotation player for Sacramento. He was traded halfway through the 2004–05 season along with Chris Webber to the Philadelphia 76ers, in exchange for Kenny Thomas, Corliss Williamson and Brian Skinner. He did not suit up for Philadelphia that season while recovering from a knee tendinitis, and was given an injury release. New York Knicks (2005)
<mask> signed a free agent contract with the New York Knicks in October 2005. Although he appeared to secure a starting job with an impressive preseason and Allan Houston's retirement, he was waived by the Knicks after playing just six games. Philadelphia 76ers (2005–2006)
<mask> was claimed by the 76ers to serve a second stint in Philadelphia, where he finished out the 2005–06 season. Golden State Warriors (2006–2008)
<mask> signed with the Golden State Warriors before their first day of training camp in October 2006, and effectively raised his status in the league since joining the team.With struggling forward Mike Dunleavy, Jr. placed on the bench, <mask> was given more playing time by coach Don Nelson. On December 26, 2006, he hit seven three-point field goals to tie a Warriors franchise record. The record was broken later that season by Jason Richardson, who hit 8 three-pointers on March 29, 2007. <mask>, a high-school All-American wide receiver, says that if he had not been signed by the Warriors he would have tried out for the NFL. Before signing with Golden State, <mask> had only made 10 three-pointers in his career. In the 2006–07 season, he made 106. After joining Golden State, <mask>'s offense improved impressively, from 3 points a game in Philadelphia to 9.8, appearing in 76 games.He also added a strong 2007 post-season, with 11.1 ppg and 5.7 rpg in eleven playoff games and helped the #8 seed Warriors take down the #1 seed Mavericks in the 2007 playoffs. On August 6, 2007, <mask> returned to the Warriors under a one-year contract. <mask>, along with teammates Stephen Jackson and Baron Davis, served as a Warriors team captain for the 2007–08 season. He was not expected to return for the 2008–09 season. Phoenix Suns (2008–2009)
On July 22, 2008, <mask> signed a one-year contract with the Phoenix Suns. On November 14, 2008, <mask> received a two-game suspension for his role in the scuffle with Houston's Rafer Alston two days earlier. Orlando Magic (2009–2010)
On July 23, 2009, <mask> signed a two-year deal with the Orlando Magic.Although he was able to opt out of his deal after the first year, <mask> stated that he would like to remain in Orlando. After the Magic were eliminated in the 2010 NBA Playoffs by the Boston Celtics, <mask> announced he would opt out of the final year of his contract. Los Angeles Lakers (2010–2012)
On July 23, 2010, <mask> signed with the Los Angeles Lakers. Return to the Clippers (2012–2015)
<mask> signed with the Los Angeles Clippers in September 2012. On October 31, 2012, the NBA suspended <mask> for one game after he pleaded no contest to a misdemeanor for resisting, delaying or obstructing a police officer. In June 2013, <mask> was named Defensive Player of the Year for the Clippers. On July 10, 2013, <mask> re-signed with the Clippers to a multi-year deal.In November 2013, <mask> was fined $25,000 for not leaving the court in a timely manner after an ejection in a game against the Oklahoma City Thunder and for using his Twitter account during the game in violation of the NBA's rules. During the 2014–15 season, <mask> was fined multiple times. On December 13, he was fined $25,000 for kicking a water bottle and using language during a game against the Washington Wizards. On January 25, 2015 he was fined $25,000 for what was said to be inappropriate language directed towards a fan during a game against the Phoenix Suns, although <mask> said that it was directed towards the Suns' owner. On May 8, he was fined $50,000 for remarks made to James Harden's mother during a playoff game against the Houston Rockets. Memphis Grizzlies (2015–2016)
On June 15, 2015, <mask> was traded, along with Spencer Hawes, to the Charlotte Hornets in exchange for shooting guard Lance Stephenson. Later that month, on June 25, <mask> was traded again, this time to the Memphis Grizzlies in exchange for Luke Ridnour.The move reunited <mask> with the team that originally drafted him in 2002. On December 28, 2015, <mask> was suspended by the NBA for two games for a physical altercation with New York Knicks coach Derek Fisher at the home of <mask>' estranged wife in Southern California in October. On January 13, 2016, the NBA Players Association filed a grievance on behalf of <mask> to get his two-game suspension without pay rescinded. Four days later, he was fined $35,000 by the NBA for publicly defending his violence towards Fisher in their October scuffle. On February 24, he scored a season-high 25 points in the Grizzlies' 128–119 win over the Los Angeles Lakers. On March 11, he recorded his first career triple-double with 26 points, 11 rebounds and 10 assists in a 121–114 overtime win over the New Orleans Pelicans. Return to Sacramento (2016–2017)
On July 9, 2016, <mask> signed with the Sacramento Kings.On February 20, 2017, he was waived by the Kings to make room for the three players the Kings acquired in the DeMarcus Cousins trade. Return to Golden State (2017)
On March 2, 2017, <mask> signed with the Golden State Warriors. The Warriors' starting forward, Kevin Durant, went down with a MCL injury, which left the team in need of a replacement forward. <mask> started in 5 games out of his 20 games played with the Warriors in the regular season. The Warriors won the 2017 NBA Championship after defeating the Cleveland Cavaliers 4–1 in the NBA Finals, giving <mask> his first championship ring after 14 seasons in the NBA and 16 years in professional basketball. The Warriors finished the playoffs with a 16–1 record, the best postseason winning percentage in NBA history. On December 11, 2017, <mask> announced his retirement from the NBA via a post on Instagram.<mask> was married to Gloria Govan, who appeared in VH1's Basketball Wives and Basketball Wives: LA, and the couple have twin boys. <mask> was arrested in 2010 on suspicion of domestic violence against Govan, and for driving with a suspended license and threatening a police officer in July 2012. They separated in 2014. References
External links
NBA biography
Yo, I'm <mask>, 14-year NBA vet and World Champion, and I want to talk about cannabis in sports. AMA. 1980 births
Living people
African-American basketball players
Basketball players from California
Fayetteville Patriots players
Golden State Warriors players
Long Beach Jam players
Los Angeles Clippers players
Los Angeles Lakers players
Memphis Grizzlies draft picks
Memphis Grizzlies players
New York Knicks players
Orlando Magic players
People from Fair Oaks, California
Philadelphia 76ers players
Phoenix Suns players
Sacramento Kings players
Small forwards
Sportspeople from Santa Clara, California
UCLA Bruins men's basketball players
American men's basketball players
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American people | [
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] | <mask> is an American former professional basketball player who played 14 seasons in the NBA. <mask> was drafted in the second round of the NBA draft. He won an NBA title with the Golden State Warriors. <mask> was born in Santa Clara, California, to a white mother and African American father. He was a letterman in football and basketball at Del Campo High School. He received All-American, All-State, All-CIF, All-City, and All-League honors. <mask> was an All-Pacific-10 Honorable Mention selection in 2001 while he was at UCLA.<mask> was selected with the 46th overall pick by the Memphis Grizzlies in the 2002 NBA draft, and was immediately traded along with Nick Anderson to the Cleveland Cavaliers for Wesley Person. He was assigned to the NBA D-League by the Cleveland Indians. <mask> joined the Long Beach Jam of the ABA in 2003 and played with Dennis Rodman. The team won the ABA Championship. <mask> had 18.9 points and 6.8 rebound. <mask> signed a contract with the Los Angeles Clippers in the second half of the NBA season. In October 2004, he joined the Sacramento Kings.He made his debut for the Kings and recorded 17 points and 9 rebound. He was traded halfway through the 2004–05 season along with Chris Webber to the Philadelphia 76ers in exchange for Kenny Thomas, Corliss Williamson and Brian Skinner. He was given an injury release and did not suit up for Philadelphia that season. <mask> signed a free agent contract with the New York Knicks. He was released by the Knicks after playing just six games, even though he appeared to secure a starting job with an impressive preseason and Allan Houston's retirement. <mask> was claimed by the 76ers to serve a second stint in Philadelphia, where he finished out the 2005–06 season. <mask> joined the Golden State Warriors before the first day of training camp in October of 2006 and raised his status in the league.<mask> was given more playing time after Mike Dunleavy, Jr. was placed on the bench. He tied a Warriors franchise record on December 26, 2006 with seven three-point field goals. On March 29, 2007, Richardson hit 8 three-pointers, breaking the record. If he hadn't been signed by the Warriors, <mask> would have tried out for the NFL. <mask> only made 10 three-pointers in his career before signing with Golden State. He made 106 in the 2006–07 season. <mask>'s offense went from 3 points a game in Philadelphia to 9.8 in 76 games after joining Golden State.He helped the #8 seed Warriors take down the #1 seed Mavericks in the playoffs in 2007, with 11.1 ppg and 5.7 rpg in eleven games. <mask> signed a one-year contract with the Warriors on August 6, 2007. <mask>, Stephen Jackson and Baron Davis were team captains for the Warriors in 2007. He wasn't expected to return for the 2008–09 season. <mask> signed a one-year contract with the Phoenix Suns. On November 14, 2008, <mask> received a two-game suspension for his role in the altercation with Houston's Rafer Alston. <mask> signed a two-year deal with the Magic on July 23, 2009.<mask> was able to opt out of his contract after the first year, but he would like to stay in the area. <mask> decided to opt out of his contract after the Magic were eliminated in the NBA playoffs. <mask> joined the Los Angeles Lakers on July 23, 2010. <mask> joined the Los Angeles Clippers in September of 2012 The NBA suspended <mask> for one game in October of 2012 after he pleaded no contest to resisting, delaying or obstructing a police officer. <mask> was named the defensive player of the year by the Clippers. <mask> re-signed with the Clippers on July 10, 2013, for a multi-year deal.<mask> was fined $25,000 by the NBA for not leaving the court in a timely manner after being ejected in a game against Oklahoma City and for using his social media account during the game. <mask> was fined many times. He was fined $25,000 for kicking a water bottle and using language during a game. He was fined $25,000 for using inappropriate language towards a fan during a game against the Phoenix Suns, but <mask> said that it was directed towards the Suns' owner. He was fined $50,000 for making comments to James Harden's mother during a playoff game. On June 15, 2015, <mask> was traded to the Charlotte Hornets in exchange for shooting guard Lance Stephenson. On June 25, <mask> was traded to Memphis in exchange for Ridnour.<mask> was drafted by the team in 2002. On December 28, 2015, <mask> was suspended by the NBA for two games for a physical altercation with the New York Knicks coach at the home of <mask>' estranged wife in Southern California. The NBA Players Association filed a complaint on <mask>' behalf to get his two-game suspension overturned. He was fined $35,000 by the NBA for defending his violence towards Fisher. He scored a season-high 25 points in a win over the Los Angeles Lakers. He recorded his first career triple-double with 26 points, 11 rebound and 10 assists in a 121–114 overtime win over the New Orleans Pelicans. <mask> signed with the Kings on July 9, 2016The Kings made room for the three players they acquired in the trade by waiving him. <mask> signed with the Golden State Warriors. The Warriors needed a replacement for Kevin Durant, who went down with a knee injury. <mask> started in 5 games for the Warriors in the regular season. <mask> received his first championship ring after 14 seasons in the NBA and 16 years in professional basketball after the Warriors won the NBA Championship. The Warriors' winning percentage in the playoffs was the best in NBA history. <mask> announced his retirement from the NBA on December 11, 2017.<mask> was married to Gloria Govan, who appeared in Basketball Wives and Basketball Wives: LA, and the couple have twin boys. <mask> was arrested in 2010 on suspicion of domestic violence against Govan, and for driving with a suspended license and threatening a police officer. They separated in the summer of 2014). I'm <mask>, 14-year NBA vet and World Champion, and I want to talk about cannabis in sports. AAMA. The living people are African-American basketball players. | [
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38715140 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor%20Nikitin%20%28pilot%29 | Viktor Nikitin (pilot) | Viktor Nikitin (Russian: Викторь Михаӣловичь Никитинь - Viktor Mikhailovich Nikitin, May 2, 1893, Lozanovki near Kiev, Russian Empire – September 12, 1933, Ljubljana, Yugoslavia), was a Russian and Serbian pilot, killed in the first disaster of Yugoslav civil aviation. Nikitin was a pilot and one of the three top pilots in the first Yugoslav airline company Aeroput. He died in a plane crash, plane Aeroput type Farman F.306 called "Podgorica" license plate YU-SAH he piloted. The accident happened on the regular flight Ljubljana - Susak on Tuesday 12 September 1933, at 6:21am, shortly after the take off from Ljubljana airport.
Biography
Born on May 2, 1893, Lozanovki Kiev, Russian Empire to father Mihail and mother Henriette who was of Polish ancestry. Viktor was the third of five sons (Eugene, Vladimir, Viktor, Nicholas and Alexandar) and four daughters (Anna, Olga, Sofia and Lidia).
After graduating from Kiev gymnasium in 1914 he enters Elisabethgrad Cavalry Academy, and in 1915 he joins the aviation as a volunteer and is sent to the Sevastopol Military Aviation school - "Kacha" where he becomes a military pilot. It is in Katcha that he first befriends Vladimir Strizevski, future colleague in the first Yugoslav civil aviation company Aeroput established in Belgrade in 1927.
World War I
Around the same time, when he received a diploma of an international pilot, in June 1916, Viktor Nikitin was sent to the unit at the front, which was part of the 12-corps aviation department. Very quickly, he mastered the skills to pilot and the same year he moved to a single-seat fighter planes. During the war, he got slightly wounded once, but had no other accidents. As a lieutenant in 1917 he was an appointed commander of the aviation detachment of 7th Division throughout the war and as the opponents he had German and Austro-Hungarian pilots. After signing of the Brest Peace Treaty, Viktor Nikitin is in units of General Denikin until its collapse. After, his unit joined General Wrangel. Throughout the war and revolution, Viktor had 606 hours of combat flights.
Soon after the graduation, he married Vera Mihajlovna Deminjev with which 30 September 1917th had a son Yuri (George). Settled in Kiev, where the family lived until the arrival of the Bolsheviks and then evacuated to Odessa.
Emigration to Yugoslavia
Soon, after Western intervention failed, the entire Nikitin family went into exile from Odessa across the Crimea, Simferopol and Sevastopol in Varna where they temporarily resided.
To survive, the male members of the family had to do the hardest physical labor without any prospects that the future will be better. As a White Russian exiles were slowly leaving to the Western European countries, Nikitin family at the invitation of King of SHS / Yugoslavia - Aleksandar, boarded a ship and via Constantinople and Gallipoli in 1921 was moved to Yugoslavia.
First residency of Nikitin family was in Novi Sad, probably because at that time Novi Sad was the aviation center of the new state, later they moved to Zemun, where they found conditions favorable for permanent residence. In Zemun, Viktor builds a luxury 4 level house which was finished three months before his death.
Military Aviation Kingdom of SHS / Yugoslavia
Upon his arrival in Novi Sad 1921, he started working as a laborer at the airport. At that time, the Yugoslav military aviation experts were required of all professions and profiles. As Viktor was highly qualified, he started working as an aviation mechanic at the Novi Sad airport. After a few years, he moved to SIDNA (Franco-Romanian airline) and worked as an airline mechanic. He was trying to restart his position as a pilot and finally succeeded. He was hired as a pilot and a flight instructor in military aviation. His reputation and obvious knowledge were his best recommendation. Viktor Nikitin was an officer in the Yugoslav Royal Air Force (JKRV) and later when he worked in Aeroput, next to all of his obligations, he continued training junior pilots, flying practice and has maintained the war planes until the end of his life.
Aeroput
This company has engaged the first pilots - Viktor Nikitin, Vladimir Striževski and Mihail Jarošenko. It was for them, the lure of professional flight and the plane becomes something more. There were a lot of temptations in a relatively fragile aircraft, with no navigation, complex weather conditions and other difficulties but flights were an adventure for Viktor Nikitin. While working at Aeroput, Nikitin made 466 hours of flight time. He was a complete pilot who knew the plane he was flying.
Aeroclub
As a skilled pilot and a lover of blue heights, Nikitin gladly responded to calls for flying Aero Club, who at the time worked intensively to popularize aviation. At public events, he piloted aircraft type de Havillend performing cool moves in the air.
Accidents
During his career, Nikitin had only three incidents:
1. Wounded in a combat flight on the eastern front
2. Emergency landing on unsuitable terrain when they ran out of fuel coming back from the international competition of military teams
3. Emergency landing of passenger aircraft move-29 on a regular route Belgrade - Zagreb near the village Popovača near Slavonski Brod due to overheating engines.
All three have passed without victims.
During his pilot experience, there was no plane in the sky that he didn't fly as a fighter pilot and flight instructor, Ikarus test pilot, a member of the Aero Club pilot or Aeroput pilot.
Death
Crash of the Aeroput passenger plane type Farman F.306 called "Podgorica", license plate YU-SAH occurred at a regular route Ljubljana - Susak on Tuesday 12 September 1933, at 6:21 am, shortly after plane took off from the airport in Ljubljana. Weather conditions at the airport that morning were fine. The plane has been scheduled to take off at 6.10am but with the engines on, it waited on the tarmac for a passenger that was late. Plane took off with a 9-minute delay at 6.19am. Immediately after takeoff, the plane crashed in the woods with a tremendous crash, only one kilometer from the airport, hitting a drop in the stone wall of the Hospital at the well. There were eight persons on the flight, two crew members and six passengers. All persons on board were killed outright. The flight crew consisted of a pilot Viktor Nikitin and a mechanic Spiro Trkulja. This was the first plane crash of Aeroput, which occurred six years since the founding of the airline.
A member of the Command Air Force formed to investigate the causes of the plane crash, Mr.Stojanovic said, as quoted by the Politika (16 September 1933): "... material is not to blame. Departing was performed after a regular review and under normal circumstances. Guilt may be up to fog and its uneven formation on the upper surface, or a fatal error in pilotage, as one can not believe, knowing the extraordinary abilities of Nikitin, as a good, serious and conscientious pilot."
Pilot Viktor Nikitin was buried at the Orthodox cemetery Zemun, September 15, 1933 with all the honors that belong to him as a respectable citizen, soldier, pilot and man. At the accident site, there is an evidence that slabs of the time and the names of people missing in the disaster.
Family
Yuri (George) was the only son after the death of his father. He graduated from high school in Zemun and then the 64th class of the Military Academy in Belgrade 1939, then served in the artillery.
After the collapse of the Yugoslav Royal Army in the April war access units World War II, and after the war, he served in the JNA armored units as well as active-duty officer. After the war, George had two sons, of whom the elder Aleksandar headed his grandfather's footsteps. He became a JAT pilot who continued the tradition of a pre-war Aeroput which flew his grandfather Viktor. For the 50-year anniversary of the first flight of Aeroput, on the Belgrade-Zagreb route, plane piloted by Aleksandar Nikitin, this has symbolically marked the anniversary.
Today, Nikitin family photo albums are kept at the Serbian National Aviation museum next to the Nikola Tesla airport in Belgrade.
Russian World War I pilots
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Yugoslavia
1933 deaths
White Russian emigrants to Yugoslavia
1893 births | [
"Viktor Nikitin (Russian: Викторь Михаӣловичь Никитинь - Viktor Mikhailovich Nikitin, May 2, 1893, Lozanovki near Kiev, Russian Empire – September 12, 1933, Ljubljana, Yugoslavia), was a Russian and Serbian pilot, killed in the first disaster of Yugoslav civil aviation.",
"Nikitin was a pilot and one of the three top pilots in the first Yugoslav airline company Aeroput.",
"He died in a plane crash, plane Aeroput type Farman F.306 called \"Podgorica\" license plate YU-SAH he piloted.",
"The accident happened on the regular flight Ljubljana - Susak on Tuesday 12 September 1933, at 6:21am, shortly after the take off from Ljubljana airport.",
"Biography \nBorn on May 2, 1893, Lozanovki Kiev, Russian Empire to father Mihail and mother Henriette who was of Polish ancestry.",
"Viktor was the third of five sons (Eugene, Vladimir, Viktor, Nicholas and Alexandar) and four daughters (Anna, Olga, Sofia and Lidia).",
"After graduating from Kiev gymnasium in 1914 he enters Elisabethgrad Cavalry Academy, and in 1915 he joins the aviation as a volunteer and is sent to the Sevastopol Military Aviation school - \"Kacha\" where he becomes a military pilot.",
"It is in Katcha that he first befriends Vladimir Strizevski, future colleague in the first Yugoslav civil aviation company Aeroput established in Belgrade in 1927.",
"World War I \n\nAround the same time, when he received a diploma of an international pilot, in June 1916, Viktor Nikitin was sent to the unit at the front, which was part of the 12-corps aviation department.",
"Very quickly, he mastered the skills to pilot and the same year he moved to a single-seat fighter planes.",
"During the war, he got slightly wounded once, but had no other accidents.",
"As a lieutenant in 1917 he was an appointed commander of the aviation detachment of 7th Division throughout the war and as the opponents he had German and Austro-Hungarian pilots.",
"After signing of the Brest Peace Treaty, Viktor Nikitin is in units of General Denikin until its collapse.",
"After, his unit joined General Wrangel.",
"Throughout the war and revolution, Viktor had 606 hours of combat flights.",
"Soon after the graduation, he married Vera Mihajlovna Deminjev with which 30 September 1917th had a son Yuri (George).",
"Settled in Kiev, where the family lived until the arrival of the Bolsheviks and then evacuated to Odessa.",
"Emigration to Yugoslavia \nSoon, after Western intervention failed, the entire Nikitin family went into exile from Odessa across the Crimea, Simferopol and Sevastopol in Varna where they temporarily resided.",
"To survive, the male members of the family had to do the hardest physical labor without any prospects that the future will be better.",
"As a White Russian exiles were slowly leaving to the Western European countries, Nikitin family at the invitation of King of SHS / Yugoslavia - Aleksandar, boarded a ship and via Constantinople and Gallipoli in 1921 was moved to Yugoslavia.",
"First residency of Nikitin family was in Novi Sad, probably because at that time Novi Sad was the aviation center of the new state, later they moved to Zemun, where they found conditions favorable for permanent residence.",
"In Zemun, Viktor builds a luxury 4 level house which was finished three months before his death.",
"Military Aviation Kingdom of SHS / Yugoslavia \n\nUpon his arrival in Novi Sad 1921, he started working as a laborer at the airport.",
"At that time, the Yugoslav military aviation experts were required of all professions and profiles.",
"As Viktor was highly qualified, he started working as an aviation mechanic at the Novi Sad airport.",
"After a few years, he moved to SIDNA (Franco-Romanian airline) and worked as an airline mechanic.",
"He was trying to restart his position as a pilot and finally succeeded.",
"He was hired as a pilot and a flight instructor in military aviation.",
"His reputation and obvious knowledge were his best recommendation.",
"Viktor Nikitin was an officer in the Yugoslav Royal Air Force (JKRV) and later when he worked in Aeroput, next to all of his obligations, he continued training junior pilots, flying practice and has maintained the war planes until the end of his life.",
"Aeroput \nThis company has engaged the first pilots - Viktor Nikitin, Vladimir Striževski and Mihail Jarošenko.",
"It was for them, the lure of professional flight and the plane becomes something more.",
"There were a lot of temptations in a relatively fragile aircraft, with no navigation, complex weather conditions and other difficulties but flights were an adventure for Viktor Nikitin.",
"While working at Aeroput, Nikitin made 466 hours of flight time.",
"He was a complete pilot who knew the plane he was flying.",
"Aeroclub \nAs a skilled pilot and a lover of blue heights, Nikitin gladly responded to calls for flying Aero Club, who at the time worked intensively to popularize aviation.",
"At public events, he piloted aircraft type de Havillend performing cool moves in the air.",
"Accidents \nDuring his career, Nikitin had only three incidents: \n1.",
"Wounded in a combat flight on the eastern front \n2.",
"Emergency landing on unsuitable terrain when they ran out of fuel coming back from the international competition of military teams \n3.",
"Emergency landing of passenger aircraft move-29 on a regular route Belgrade - Zagreb near the village Popovača near Slavonski Brod due to overheating engines.",
"All three have passed without victims.",
"During his pilot experience, there was no plane in the sky that he didn't fly as a fighter pilot and flight instructor, Ikarus test pilot, a member of the Aero Club pilot or Aeroput pilot.",
"Death \nCrash of the Aeroput passenger plane type Farman F.306 called \"Podgorica\", license plate YU-SAH occurred at a regular route Ljubljana - Susak on Tuesday 12 September 1933, at 6:21 am, shortly after plane took off from the airport in Ljubljana.",
"Weather conditions at the airport that morning were fine.",
"The plane has been scheduled to take off at 6.10am but with the engines on, it waited on the tarmac for a passenger that was late.",
"Plane took off with a 9-minute delay at 6.19am.",
"Immediately after takeoff, the plane crashed in the woods with a tremendous crash, only one kilometer from the airport, hitting a drop in the stone wall of the Hospital at the well.",
"There were eight persons on the flight, two crew members and six passengers.",
"All persons on board were killed outright.",
"The flight crew consisted of a pilot Viktor Nikitin and a mechanic Spiro Trkulja.",
"This was the first plane crash of Aeroput, which occurred six years since the founding of the airline.",
"A member of the Command Air Force formed to investigate the causes of the plane crash, Mr.Stojanovic said, as quoted by the Politika (16 September 1933): \"... material is not to blame.",
"Departing was performed after a regular review and under normal circumstances.",
"Guilt may be up to fog and its uneven formation on the upper surface, or a fatal error in pilotage, as one can not believe, knowing the extraordinary abilities of Nikitin, as a good, serious and conscientious pilot.\"",
"Pilot Viktor Nikitin was buried at the Orthodox cemetery Zemun, September 15, 1933 with all the honors that belong to him as a respectable citizen, soldier, pilot and man.",
"At the accident site, there is an evidence that slabs of the time and the names of people missing in the disaster.",
"Family \nYuri (George) was the only son after the death of his father.",
"He graduated from high school in Zemun and then the 64th class of the Military Academy in Belgrade 1939, then served in the artillery.",
"After the collapse of the Yugoslav Royal Army in the April war access units World War II, and after the war, he served in the JNA armored units as well as active-duty officer.",
"After the war, George had two sons, of whom the elder Aleksandar headed his grandfather's footsteps.",
"He became a JAT pilot who continued the tradition of a pre-war Aeroput which flew his grandfather Viktor.",
"For the 50-year anniversary of the first flight of Aeroput, on the Belgrade-Zagreb route, plane piloted by Aleksandar Nikitin, this has symbolically marked the anniversary.",
"Today, Nikitin family photo albums are kept at the Serbian National Aviation museum next to the Nikola Tesla airport in Belgrade.",
"Russian World War I pilots\nVictims of aviation accidents or incidents in Yugoslavia\n1933 deaths\nWhite Russian emigrants to Yugoslavia\n1893 births"
] | [
"May 2, 1893, was the location of the Russian Empire's headquarters.",
"One of the three top pilots in Aeroput was Nikitin.",
"He died in a plane crash, he was the pilot of the Aeroput type Farman F.306.",
"Shortly after the take off from the airport, there was an accident on the regular flight.",
"On May 2, 1893, Mihail and Henriette were born in Lozanovki Kiev, the Russian Empire to their father and mother.",
"Eugene, Vladimir, Viktor, Nicholas and Alexandar were the children of Viktor.",
"After graduating from the gymnasium in 1914, he joined the aviation as a volunteer and was sent to the Sevastopol Military Aviation school where he became a military pilot.",
"Vladimir Strizevski is a future colleague in the first Yugoslav civil aviation company Aeroput established in Belgrade in 1927.",
"In 1916, when he received adiploma of an international pilot, he was sent to the unit at the front, which was part of the 12-corps aviation department.",
"He moved to a single-seat fighter plane after mastering the skills to pilot.",
"He was slightly wounded in the war, but had no other accidents.",
"He was the commander of the aviation squadron of the 7th Division in the war and he had German and Austro-Hungarian pilots.",
"After signing the peace treaty, Viktor Nikitin was in units of General Denikin.",
"His unit joined General Wrangel.",
"Viktor had 606 hours of combat flights.",
"After graduating, he married Vera Mihajlovna Deminjev and had a son named George.",
"The family settled in Kiev, where they lived until the arrival of the Bolsheviks.",
"After the Western intervention failed, the entire family went into exile from across the peninsula.",
"Without prospects that the future will be better, the male members of the family had to do the hardest physical labor.",
"As a White Russian exiles were slowly leaving to the Western European countries, the Nikitin family boarded a ship and was moved to Yugoslavia.",
"The first residency of the family was in Novi Sad, which was the aviation center of the new state, later they moved to Zemun, where they found good conditions for permanent residence.",
"Three months before his death, Viktor built a 4 level house in Zemun.",
"He started working at the airport after arriving in Novi Sad in 1921.",
"The Yugoslav military aviation experts were required of all professions.",
"Viktor started working at the airport as an aviation mechanic.",
"He worked as an airline mechanic at SIDNA after a few years.",
"He succeeded in restarting his position as a pilot.",
"He was hired as a pilot and a flight instructor.",
"His reputation was the best recommendation.",
"When he was an officer in the Yugoslav Royal Air Force, he continued training junior pilots, flying practice and maintaining the war planes until the end of his life.",
"The first pilots to be engaged by Aeroput were Viktor Nikitin, Vladimir Strievski and Mihail Jaroenko.",
"The lure of professional flight and the plane became something more for them.",
"There were a lot of temptations in a relatively fragile aircraft, with no navigation, complex weather conditions and other difficulties, but flights were an adventure for Viktor Nikitin.",
"Nikitin worked at Aeroput for over 500 hours.",
"He knew the plane he was flying and was a complete pilot.",
"As a skilled pilot and lover of blue heights, Nikitin responded to calls for flying Aero Club, who at the time worked to popularize aviation.",
"He flew an aircraft type de Havillend at public events.",
"There were only three accidents that Nikitin had during his career.",
"A man was wounded in a combat flight.",
"They ran out of fuel and had to make an emergency landing on unsuitable terrain.",
"There is an emergency landing of passenger aircraft near the village Popovaa near Slavonski Brod due to overheating engines.",
"None of the three have been victims.",
"There were no planes in the sky that he didn't fly as a fighter pilot, Ikarus test pilot, Aero Club pilot or Aeroput pilot during his pilot experience.",
"The Aeroput passenger plane type Farman F.306 called \"Podgorica\" crashed shortly after it took off from the airport in Ljubljana.",
"The weather was good at the airport that morning.",
"The plane was supposed to take off at 6.10am but was held up on the tarmac for a passenger that was late.",
"There was a 9 minute delay before the plane took off.",
"Only one kilometer from the airport, the plane crashed in the woods, hitting a stone wall of the Hospital at the well.",
"There were eight people on the flight.",
"All of the people on board were killed.",
"The flight crew consisted of a pilot and a mechanic.",
"The first plane crash of Aeroput happened six years ago.",
"A member of the Command Air Force formed to investigate the causes of the plane crash said that material is not to blame.",
"After a regular review and under normal circumstances, departing was performed.",
"Guilt may be up to fog and its irregular formation on the upper surface, or a fatal error in pilotage, as one can not believe, knowing the extraordinary abilities of Nikitin, as a good, serious and conscientious pilot.",
"The Orthodox cemetery Zemun holds all the honors that belong to him as a respectable citizen, soldier, pilot and man, and he was buried there in 1933.",
"The names of people missing in the disaster and slabs of the time can be seen at the accident site.",
"After the death of his father, George was the only son.",
"He graduated from high school in Zemun and then the 64th class of the Military Academy in Belgrade in 1939.",
"After the collapse of the Yugoslav Royal Army in the April war access units World War II, he served in the JNA armored units as well as active-duty officer.",
"George had two sons who followed in their grandfather's footsteps.",
"He continued the tradition of a pre-war Aeroput by becoming a JAT pilot.",
"The first flight of Aeroput on the Belgrade-Zagreb route was 50 years ago.",
"The Serbian National Aviation museum is next to the airport in Belgrade.",
"Russian World War I pilots died in accidents in Yugoslavia."
] | <mask> (Russian: Викторь Михаӣловичь Никитинь - <mask>n, May 2, 1893, Lozanovki near Kiev, Russian Empire – September 12, 1933, Ljubljana, Yugoslavia), was a Russian and Serbian pilot, killed in the first disaster of Yugoslav civil aviation. Nikitin was a pilot and one of the three top pilots in the first Yugoslav airline company Aeroput. He died in a plane crash, plane Aeroput type Farman F.306 called "Podgorica" license plate YU-SAH he piloted. The accident happened on the regular flight Ljubljana - Susak on Tuesday 12 September 1933, at 6:21am, shortly after the take off from Ljubljana airport. Biography
Born on May 2, 1893, Lozanovki Kiev, Russian Empire to father Mihail and mother Henriette who was of Polish ancestry. <mask> was the third of five sons (Eugene, Vladimir, <mask>, Nicholas and Alexandar) and four daughters (Anna, Olga, Sofia and Lidia). After graduating from Kiev gymnasium in 1914 he enters Elisabethgrad Cavalry Academy, and in 1915 he joins the aviation as a volunteer and is sent to the Sevastopol Military Aviation school - "Kacha" where he becomes a military pilot.It is in Katcha that he first befriends Vladimir Strizevski, future colleague in the first Yugoslav civil aviation company Aeroput established in Belgrade in 1927. World War I
Around the same time, when he received a diploma of an international pilot, in June 1916, <mask>n was sent to the unit at the front, which was part of the 12-corps aviation department. Very quickly, he mastered the skills to pilot and the same year he moved to a single-seat fighter planes. During the war, he got slightly wounded once, but had no other accidents. As a lieutenant in 1917 he was an appointed commander of the aviation detachment of 7th Division throughout the war and as the opponents he had German and Austro-Hungarian pilots. After signing of the Brest Peace Treaty, <mask>n is in units of General Denikin until its collapse. After, his unit joined General Wrangel.Throughout the war and revolution, <mask> had 606 hours of combat flights. Soon after the graduation, he married Vera Mihajlovna Deminjev with which 30 September 1917th had a son Yuri (George). Settled in Kiev, where the family lived until the arrival of the Bolsheviks and then evacuated to Odessa. Emigration to Yugoslavia
Soon, after Western intervention failed, the entire Nikitin family went into exile from Odessa across the Crimea, Simferopol and Sevastopol in Varna where they temporarily resided. To survive, the male members of the family had to do the hardest physical labor without any prospects that the future will be better. As a White Russian exiles were slowly leaving to the Western European countries, Nikitin family at the invitation of King of SHS / Yugoslavia - Aleksandar, boarded a ship and via Constantinople and Gallipoli in 1921 was moved to Yugoslavia. First residency of Nikitin family was in Novi Sad, probably because at that time Novi Sad was the aviation center of the new state, later they moved to Zemun, where they found conditions favorable for permanent residence.In Zemun, <mask> builds a luxury 4 level house which was finished three months before his death. Military Aviation Kingdom of SHS / Yugoslavia
Upon his arrival in Novi Sad 1921, he started working as a laborer at the airport. At that time, the Yugoslav military aviation experts were required of all professions and profiles. As <mask> was highly qualified, he started working as an aviation mechanic at the Novi Sad airport. After a few years, he moved to SIDNA (Franco-Romanian airline) and worked as an airline mechanic. He was trying to restart his position as a pilot and finally succeeded. He was hired as a pilot and a flight instructor in military aviation.His reputation and obvious knowledge were his best recommendation. <mask> was an officer in the Yugoslav Royal Air Force (JKRV) and later when he worked in Aeroput, next to all of his obligations, he continued training junior pilots, flying practice and has maintained the war planes until the end of his life. Aeroput
This company has engaged the first pilots - <mask>, Vladimir Striževski and Mihail Jarošenko. It was for them, the lure of professional flight and the plane becomes something more. There were a lot of temptations in a relatively fragile aircraft, with no navigation, complex weather conditions and other difficulties but flights were an adventure for <mask>n. While working at Aeroput, Nikitin made 466 hours of flight time. He was a complete pilot who knew the plane he was flying.Aeroclub
As a skilled pilot and a lover of blue heights, Nikitin gladly responded to calls for flying Aero Club, who at the time worked intensively to popularize aviation. At public events, he piloted aircraft type de Havillend performing cool moves in the air. Accidents
During his career, Nikitin had only three incidents:
1. Wounded in a combat flight on the eastern front
2. Emergency landing on unsuitable terrain when they ran out of fuel coming back from the international competition of military teams
3. Emergency landing of passenger aircraft move-29 on a regular route Belgrade - Zagreb near the village Popovača near Slavonski Brod due to overheating engines. All three have passed without victims.During his pilot experience, there was no plane in the sky that he didn't fly as a fighter pilot and flight instructor, Ikarus test pilot, a member of the Aero Club pilot or Aeroput pilot. Death
Crash of the Aeroput passenger plane type Farman F.306 called "Podgorica", license plate YU-SAH occurred at a regular route Ljubljana - Susak on Tuesday 12 September 1933, at 6:21 am, shortly after plane took off from the airport in Ljubljana. Weather conditions at the airport that morning were fine. The plane has been scheduled to take off at 6.10am but with the engines on, it waited on the tarmac for a passenger that was late. Plane took off with a 9-minute delay at 6.19am. Immediately after takeoff, the plane crashed in the woods with a tremendous crash, only one kilometer from the airport, hitting a drop in the stone wall of the Hospital at the well. There were eight persons on the flight, two crew members and six passengers.All persons on board were killed outright. The flight crew consisted of a pilot <mask> and a mechanic Spiro Trkulja. This was the first plane crash of Aeroput, which occurred six years since the founding of the airline. A member of the Command Air Force formed to investigate the causes of the plane crash, Mr.Stojanovic said, as quoted by the Politika (16 September 1933): "... material is not to blame. Departing was performed after a regular review and under normal circumstances. Guilt may be up to fog and its uneven formation on the upper surface, or a fatal error in pilotage, as one can not believe, knowing the extraordinary abilities of Nikitin, as a good, serious and conscientious pilot." Pilot <mask>n was buried at the Orthodox cemetery Zemun, September 15, 1933 with all the honors that belong to him as a respectable citizen, soldier, pilot and man.At the accident site, there is an evidence that slabs of the time and the names of people missing in the disaster. Family
Yuri (George) was the only son after the death of his father. He graduated from high school in Zemun and then the 64th class of the Military Academy in Belgrade 1939, then served in the artillery. After the collapse of the Yugoslav Royal Army in the April war access units World War II, and after the war, he served in the JNA armored units as well as active-duty officer. After the war, George had two sons, of whom the elder Aleksandar headed his grandfather's footsteps. He became a JAT pilot who continued the tradition of a pre-war Aeroput which flew his grandfather <mask>. For the 50-year anniversary of the first flight of Aeroput, on the Belgrade-Zagreb route, plane piloted by Aleksandar Nikitin, this has symbolically marked the anniversary.Today, Nikitin family photo albums are kept at the Serbian National Aviation museum next to the Nikola Tesla airport in Belgrade. Russian World War I pilots
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Yugoslavia
1933 deaths
White Russian emigrants to Yugoslavia
1893 births | [
"Viktor Nikitin",
"Viktor Mikhailovich Nikiti",
"Viktor",
"Viktor",
"Viktor Nikiti",
"Viktor Nikiti",
"Viktor",
"Viktor",
"Viktor",
"Viktor Nikitin",
"Viktor Nikitin",
"Viktor Nikiti",
"Viktor Nikitin",
"Viktor Nikiti",
"Viktor"
] | May 2, 1893, was the location of the Russian Empire's headquarters. One of the three top pilots in Aeroput was <mask>. He died in a plane crash, he was the pilot of the Aeroput type Farman F.306. Shortly after the take off from the airport, there was an accident on the regular flight. On May 2, 1893, Mihail and Henriette were born in Lozanovki Kiev, the Russian Empire to their father and mother. Eugene, Vladimir, <mask>, Nicholas and Alexandar were the children of <mask>. After graduating from the gymnasium in 1914, he joined the aviation as a volunteer and was sent to the Sevastopol Military Aviation school where he became a military pilot.Vladimir Strizevski is a future colleague in the first Yugoslav civil aviation company Aeroput established in Belgrade in 1927. In 1916, when he received adiploma of an international pilot, he was sent to the unit at the front, which was part of the 12-corps aviation department. He moved to a single-seat fighter plane after mastering the skills to pilot. He was slightly wounded in the war, but had no other accidents. He was the commander of the aviation squadron of the 7th Division in the war and he had German and Austro-Hungarian pilots. After signing the peace treaty, <mask> was in units of General Denikin. His unit joined General Wrangel.<mask> had 606 hours of combat flights. After graduating, he married Vera Mihajlovna Deminjev and had a son named George. The family settled in Kiev, where they lived until the arrival of the Bolsheviks. After the Western intervention failed, the entire family went into exile from across the peninsula. Without prospects that the future will be better, the male members of the family had to do the hardest physical labor. As a White Russian exiles were slowly leaving to the Western European countries, the Nikitin family boarded a ship and was moved to Yugoslavia. The first residency of the family was in Novi Sad, which was the aviation center of the new state, later they moved to Zemun, where they found good conditions for permanent residence.Three months before his death, <mask> built a 4 level house in Zemun. He started working at the airport after arriving in Novi Sad in 1921. The Yugoslav military aviation experts were required of all professions. <mask> started working at the airport as an aviation mechanic. He worked as an airline mechanic at SIDNA after a few years. He succeeded in restarting his position as a pilot. He was hired as a pilot and a flight instructor.His reputation was the best recommendation. When he was an officer in the Yugoslav Royal Air Force, he continued training junior pilots, flying practice and maintaining the war planes until the end of his life. The first pilots to be engaged by Aeroput were <mask>, Vladimir Strievski and Mihail Jaroenko. The lure of professional flight and the plane became something more for them. There were a lot of temptations in a relatively fragile aircraft, with no navigation, complex weather conditions and other difficulties, but flights were an adventure for <mask>n. Nikitin worked at Aeroput for over 500 hours. He knew the plane he was flying and was a complete pilot.As a skilled pilot and lover of blue heights, Nikitin responded to calls for flying Aero Club, who at the time worked to popularize aviation. He flew an aircraft type de Havillend at public events. There were only three accidents that Nikitin had during his career. A man was wounded in a combat flight. They ran out of fuel and had to make an emergency landing on unsuitable terrain. There is an emergency landing of passenger aircraft near the village Popovaa near Slavonski Brod due to overheating engines. None of the three have been victims.There were no planes in the sky that he didn't fly as a fighter pilot, Ikarus test pilot, Aero Club pilot or Aeroput pilot during his pilot experience. The Aeroput passenger plane type Farman F.306 called "Podgorica" crashed shortly after it took off from the airport in Ljubljana. The weather was good at the airport that morning. The plane was supposed to take off at 6.10am but was held up on the tarmac for a passenger that was late. There was a 9 minute delay before the plane took off. Only one kilometer from the airport, the plane crashed in the woods, hitting a stone wall of the Hospital at the well. There were eight people on the flight.All of the people on board were killed. The flight crew consisted of a pilot and a mechanic. The first plane crash of Aeroput happened six years ago. A member of the Command Air Force formed to investigate the causes of the plane crash said that material is not to blame. After a regular review and under normal circumstances, departing was performed. Guilt may be up to fog and its irregular formation on the upper surface, or a fatal error in pilotage, as one can not believe, knowing the extraordinary abilities of Nikitin, as a good, serious and conscientious pilot. The Orthodox cemetery Zemun holds all the honors that belong to him as a respectable citizen, soldier, pilot and man, and he was buried there in 1933.The names of people missing in the disaster and slabs of the time can be seen at the accident site. After the death of his father, George was the only son. He graduated from high school in Zemun and then the 64th class of the Military Academy in Belgrade in 1939. After the collapse of the Yugoslav Royal Army in the April war access units World War II, he served in the JNA armored units as well as active-duty officer. George had two sons who followed in their grandfather's footsteps. He continued the tradition of a pre-war Aeroput by becoming a JAT pilot. The first flight of Aeroput on the Belgrade-Zagreb route was 50 years ago.The Serbian National Aviation museum is next to the airport in Belgrade. Russian World War I pilots died in accidents in Yugoslavia. | [
"Nikitin",
"Viktor",
"Viktor",
"Viktor Nikitin",
"Viktor",
"Viktor",
"Viktor",
"Viktor Nikitin",
"Viktor Nikiti"
] |
3016435 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace%20Maynard | Horace Maynard | Horace Maynard (August 30, 1814 – May 3, 1882) was an American educator, attorney, politician and diplomat active primarily in the second half of the 19th century. Initially elected to the House of Representatives from Tennessee's 2nd Congressional District for the term commencing on March 4, 1857, Maynard, an ardent Union supporter and later abolitionist, became one of the few Southern congressmen to maintain his seat in the House during the Civil War. Toward the end of the war, Maynard served as Tennessee's attorney general under Governor Andrew Johnson, and later served as ambassador to the Ottoman Empire under President Ulysses S. Grant and Postmaster General under President Rutherford B. Hayes.
Maynard left his teaching position at East Tennessee College in the early 1840s to pursue a career in law, and quickly developed a reputation among his peers for his reasoning ability and biting sarcastic style. He spent much of his first two terms in Congress fighting to preserve the Union, and during the Civil War, he consistently urged President Abraham Lincoln to send Union forces to free East Tennessee from its Confederate occupiers. Maynard returned to Congress after the war, but being a Republican in a Democrat-controlled state, he struggled in statewide elections.
Biography
Early life
Born in Westborough, Massachusetts, Maynard was educated at Millbury Academy and later at Amherst College. When Maynard entered Amherst, he puzzled his classmates by placing a "V" above his door, the meaning of which was revealed in 1838 when Maynard was named valedictorian of his graduating class. In 1839, he moved to Knoxville, Tennessee, where he accepted a position as a professor at East Tennessee College (now the University of Tennessee). He initially taught in the university's preparatory (high school) department, but in 1841 he became a college-level teacher of mathematics and ancient languages.
Maynard was initially disenchanted with Knoxville, which he considered backward and unsophisticated, and contemplated leaving Tennessee. After he was admitted to the bar in 1844, however, he found a niche arguing cases in local courts, and decided to make the city his permanent home. Knoxville attorney Oliver Perry Temple (1820–1907), a colleague of Maynard, described Maynard as "abrupt and unamiable, and often offensive in his manners, snapping up men without hesitation." This style agitated Maynard's peers, but at the same time gained their respect.
Early congressional terms
When Maynard first ran for Congress in 1852, he was ruthlessly attacked in local newspapers, and was defeated by William Churchwell. In 1856, with the Knoxville Whig backing his campaign, he captured the 2nd District's congressional seat. In his 1858 reelection campaign, Maynard easily defeated fellow attorney J. C. Ramsey, winning 67% of the vote.
Maynard initially supported the Whig Party, and served as a presidential elector in 1852. After the collapse of the Whig Party, he ran for Congress on the American, Opposition and Unionist party tickets for congressional terms beginning in 1857, 1859, and 1861, respectively.
Secession crisis and views on slavery
Maynard's complex views on slavery reflected shifting sentiments that were common among East Tennessee Unionists. During the 1830s, Maynard, the son of an abolitionist, found slavery contemptible, calling it "a curse to the country." By 1850, however, Maynard was defending the practice of slavery in letters to his father, arguing there was a "bright as well as a dark side to slavery." In 1860, Maynard had previously owned four slaves, and while he opposed secession as a congressman, he nevertheless defended slavery. Near the end of the Civil War, Maynard shifted once again to an abolitionist viewpoint on slavery, and supported Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation.
Along with fellow Unionists Andrew Johnson, T. A. R. Nelson, and William G. Brownlow, Maynard worked feverishly to keep Tennessee in the Union amidst the secession crisis of 1860 and 1861. In the weeks leading up to the state's June 8 referendum on secession, Maynard travelled across East Tennessee, giving dozens of pro-Union speeches. Maynard was also a member of the Knox County delegation to the pro-Union East Tennessee Convention, which sought to create a separate Union-aligned state in East Tennessee.
Civil War
After the East Tennessee Union Convention adjourned in June 1861, Maynard headed for Washington, D.C. to take his seat in Congress. When Confederate forces occupied East Tennessee later that year, Maynard consistently pleaded with Lincoln to send troops to free the region, warning that East Tennesseans' "tears and blood will be a blot on your administration that time can never efface." In December 1861, Maynard blasted General George H. Thomas for balking at an invasion of the region in the wake of so-called bridge-burning conspiracy, calling his efforts "disgraceful." Later that month, General George B. McClellan wrote to General Don Carlos Buell:
Johnson, Maynard, etc., are again becoming frantic, and have President Lincoln's sympathy excited. Political considerations would make it advisable to get the arms and troops into Eastern Tennessee at a very early day ...
In spite of Maynard's efforts, Union troops did not enter Knoxville until September 1863. By the time Maynard returned to the city, a rift had developed among East Tennessee's Unionists between those who supported the Emancipation Proclamation (led by Maynard and Brownlow) and those who simply sought a return to the pre-war status quo (led by Nelson and Knoxville mayor James C. Luttrell). In 1864, Maynard was appointed Tennessee's attorney general by Andrew Johnson, who had been installed as the state's military governor.
Postwar activities
Maynard attended the National Union Convention in 1866 and was elected to the 39th Congress as an Unconditional Unionist the same year following the readmission of Tennessee into the Union. He then served in the 40th, 41st, 42nd and 43rd Congresses as a Republican. During the 43rd Congress he acted as chairman of the U.S. House Committee on Banking and Currency. In 1868, while serving in Congress, Maynard was appointed to the Tennessee Supreme Court by Governor Brownlow to fill the vacancy created by the resignation of Samuel Milligan. Maynard held both offices simultaneously, but his right to do so was challenged in Calloway v. Strum, 48 Tennessee (1 Heiskell), 764. The court in that case held that Maynard's judicial acts were valid based on the presumption that his acceptance of the Supreme Court appointment constituted a resignation of his congressional office, and that it was up to Congress to address his continued occupation of that office. Maynard's name was on the ballot to be nominated for Vice President in the 1872 National Union Republican Convention held in Philadelphia on June 5 and 6. Maynard lost and only received 26 total votes. All 24 from Tennessee, and 1 each from Alabama and Mississippi.
Maynard reached the height of his political career in 1873 when he defeated both former President Andrew Johnson and popular West Tennessee politician Benjamin F. Cheatham in the race for Tennessee's at-large congressional district. The following year, he ran for Governor of Tennessee as a Republican, but lost to James D. Porter. He was appointed Minister to Turkey and served from 1875 to 1880 in that post. He was appointed United States Postmaster General in the Cabinet of President Rutherford B. Hayes and served from June 2, 1880 to March 5, 1881.
Maynard died suddenly from heart disease in Knoxville in 1882, and was buried in Knoxville's Old Gray Cemetery.
Legacy
Maynard was remembered among his peers for his powerful intellect and sense of persuasiveness. Knoxville Journal editor William Rule wrote that Maynard was the "best read man" of East Tennessee's lawyers, while abolitionist Frederick Douglass once remarked that Maynard had a "three story head." Knoxville mayor Peter Staub (a Democrat) said that even though he disliked Maynard, he was so impressed with Maynard's reasoning and rhetoric that he voted for him twice. Oliver Perry Temple wrote of Maynard: "Many were the persons he stung and wounded by his biting sarcasm or pungent wit." Humorist George Washington Harris mocked Maynard ("Stilyards") in his story, "The Widow McCloud's Mare."
During the 1850s, Knox County attempted to sue the newly formed Union County, Tennessee, out of existence. Maynard successfully represented Union County, and in return, the county named its county seat, Maynardville, in his honor. Horace Maynard High School served the county from 1923 until 1997, when it became a middle school. During the Spanish–American War, the USS Nashville, commanded by Maynard's son, Washburn, fired the war's first American shot. Another son, James, was president of the Knoxville-based Brookside Mills in the early 1900s.
References and notes
External links
Finding Aid for the Horace Maynard Papers — University of Tennessee Special Collections
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
1814 births
1882 deaths
People from Westborough, Massachusetts
United States Postmasters General
Hayes administration cabinet members
Tennessee Whigs
Tennessee Know Nothings
Know-Nothing members of the United States House of Representatives from Tennessee
Opposition Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Tennessee
Tennessee Oppositionists
Tennessee Unionists
Unionist Party members of the United States House of Representatives
Unconditional Union Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Tennessee
Tennessee Republicans
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Tennessee
1852 United States presidential electors
Ambassadors of the United States to the Ottoman Empire
Tennessee Attorneys General
Tennessee lawyers
People of Tennessee in the American Civil War
Politicians from Knoxville, Tennessee
Southern Unionists in the American Civil War
19th-century American diplomats
Amherst College alumni
University of Tennessee faculty
19th-century American politicians | [
"Horace Maynard (August 30, 1814 – May 3, 1882) was an American educator, attorney, politician and diplomat active primarily in the second half of the 19th century.",
"Initially elected to the House of Representatives from Tennessee's 2nd Congressional District for the term commencing on March 4, 1857, Maynard, an ardent Union supporter and later abolitionist, became one of the few Southern congressmen to maintain his seat in the House during the Civil War.",
"Toward the end of the war, Maynard served as Tennessee's attorney general under Governor Andrew Johnson, and later served as ambassador to the Ottoman Empire under President Ulysses S. Grant and Postmaster General under President Rutherford B. Hayes.",
"Maynard left his teaching position at East Tennessee College in the early 1840s to pursue a career in law, and quickly developed a reputation among his peers for his reasoning ability and biting sarcastic style.",
"He spent much of his first two terms in Congress fighting to preserve the Union, and during the Civil War, he consistently urged President Abraham Lincoln to send Union forces to free East Tennessee from its Confederate occupiers.",
"Maynard returned to Congress after the war, but being a Republican in a Democrat-controlled state, he struggled in statewide elections.",
"Biography\n\nEarly life\nBorn in Westborough, Massachusetts, Maynard was educated at Millbury Academy and later at Amherst College.",
"When Maynard entered Amherst, he puzzled his classmates by placing a \"V\" above his door, the meaning of which was revealed in 1838 when Maynard was named valedictorian of his graduating class.",
"In 1839, he moved to Knoxville, Tennessee, where he accepted a position as a professor at East Tennessee College (now the University of Tennessee).",
"He initially taught in the university's preparatory (high school) department, but in 1841 he became a college-level teacher of mathematics and ancient languages.",
"Maynard was initially disenchanted with Knoxville, which he considered backward and unsophisticated, and contemplated leaving Tennessee.",
"After he was admitted to the bar in 1844, however, he found a niche arguing cases in local courts, and decided to make the city his permanent home.",
"Knoxville attorney Oliver Perry Temple (1820–1907), a colleague of Maynard, described Maynard as \"abrupt and unamiable, and often offensive in his manners, snapping up men without hesitation.\"",
"This style agitated Maynard's peers, but at the same time gained their respect.",
"Early congressional terms\n\nWhen Maynard first ran for Congress in 1852, he was ruthlessly attacked in local newspapers, and was defeated by William Churchwell.",
"In 1856, with the Knoxville Whig backing his campaign, he captured the 2nd District's congressional seat.",
"In his 1858 reelection campaign, Maynard easily defeated fellow attorney J. C. Ramsey, winning 67% of the vote.",
"Maynard initially supported the Whig Party, and served as a presidential elector in 1852.",
"After the collapse of the Whig Party, he ran for Congress on the American, Opposition and Unionist party tickets for congressional terms beginning in 1857, 1859, and 1861, respectively.",
"Secession crisis and views on slavery\n\nMaynard's complex views on slavery reflected shifting sentiments that were common among East Tennessee Unionists.",
"During the 1830s, Maynard, the son of an abolitionist, found slavery contemptible, calling it \"a curse to the country.\"",
"By 1850, however, Maynard was defending the practice of slavery in letters to his father, arguing there was a \"bright as well as a dark side to slavery.\"",
"In 1860, Maynard had previously owned four slaves, and while he opposed secession as a congressman, he nevertheless defended slavery.",
"Near the end of the Civil War, Maynard shifted once again to an abolitionist viewpoint on slavery, and supported Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation.",
"Along with fellow Unionists Andrew Johnson, T. A. R. Nelson, and William G. Brownlow, Maynard worked feverishly to keep Tennessee in the Union amidst the secession crisis of 1860 and 1861.",
"In the weeks leading up to the state's June 8 referendum on secession, Maynard travelled across East Tennessee, giving dozens of pro-Union speeches.",
"Maynard was also a member of the Knox County delegation to the pro-Union East Tennessee Convention, which sought to create a separate Union-aligned state in East Tennessee.",
"Civil War\n\nAfter the East Tennessee Union Convention adjourned in June 1861, Maynard headed for Washington, D.C. to take his seat in Congress.",
"When Confederate forces occupied East Tennessee later that year, Maynard consistently pleaded with Lincoln to send troops to free the region, warning that East Tennesseans' \"tears and blood will be a blot on your administration that time can never efface.\"",
"In December 1861, Maynard blasted General George H. Thomas for balking at an invasion of the region in the wake of so-called bridge-burning conspiracy, calling his efforts \"disgraceful.\"",
"Later that month, General George B. McClellan wrote to General Don Carlos Buell:\n\nJohnson, Maynard, etc., are again becoming frantic, and have President Lincoln's sympathy excited.",
"Political considerations would make it advisable to get the arms and troops into Eastern Tennessee at a very early day ...",
"In spite of Maynard's efforts, Union troops did not enter Knoxville until September 1863.",
"By the time Maynard returned to the city, a rift had developed among East Tennessee's Unionists between those who supported the Emancipation Proclamation (led by Maynard and Brownlow) and those who simply sought a return to the pre-war status quo (led by Nelson and Knoxville mayor James C. Luttrell).",
"In 1864, Maynard was appointed Tennessee's attorney general by Andrew Johnson, who had been installed as the state's military governor.",
"Postwar activities\n\nMaynard attended the National Union Convention in 1866 and was elected to the 39th Congress as an Unconditional Unionist the same year following the readmission of Tennessee into the Union.",
"He then served in the 40th, 41st, 42nd and 43rd Congresses as a Republican.",
"During the 43rd Congress he acted as chairman of the U.S. House Committee on Banking and Currency.",
"In 1868, while serving in Congress, Maynard was appointed to the Tennessee Supreme Court by Governor Brownlow to fill the vacancy created by the resignation of Samuel Milligan.",
"Maynard held both offices simultaneously, but his right to do so was challenged in Calloway v. Strum, 48 Tennessee (1 Heiskell), 764.",
"The court in that case held that Maynard's judicial acts were valid based on the presumption that his acceptance of the Supreme Court appointment constituted a resignation of his congressional office, and that it was up to Congress to address his continued occupation of that office.",
"Maynard's name was on the ballot to be nominated for Vice President in the 1872 National Union Republican Convention held in Philadelphia on June 5 and 6.",
"Maynard lost and only received 26 total votes.",
"All 24 from Tennessee, and 1 each from Alabama and Mississippi.",
"Maynard reached the height of his political career in 1873 when he defeated both former President Andrew Johnson and popular West Tennessee politician Benjamin F. Cheatham in the race for Tennessee's at-large congressional district.",
"The following year, he ran for Governor of Tennessee as a Republican, but lost to James D. Porter.",
"He was appointed Minister to Turkey and served from 1875 to 1880 in that post.",
"He was appointed United States Postmaster General in the Cabinet of President Rutherford B. Hayes and served from June 2, 1880 to March 5, 1881.",
"Maynard died suddenly from heart disease in Knoxville in 1882, and was buried in Knoxville's Old Gray Cemetery.",
"Legacy\n\nMaynard was remembered among his peers for his powerful intellect and sense of persuasiveness.",
"Knoxville Journal editor William Rule wrote that Maynard was the \"best read man\" of East Tennessee's lawyers, while abolitionist Frederick Douglass once remarked that Maynard had a \"three story head.\"",
"Knoxville mayor Peter Staub (a Democrat) said that even though he disliked Maynard, he was so impressed with Maynard's reasoning and rhetoric that he voted for him twice.",
"Oliver Perry Temple wrote of Maynard: \"Many were the persons he stung and wounded by his biting sarcasm or pungent wit.\"",
"Humorist George Washington Harris mocked Maynard (\"Stilyards\") in his story, \"The Widow McCloud's Mare.\"",
"During the 1850s, Knox County attempted to sue the newly formed Union County, Tennessee, out of existence.",
"Maynard successfully represented Union County, and in return, the county named its county seat, Maynardville, in his honor.",
"Horace Maynard High School served the county from 1923 until 1997, when it became a middle school.",
"During the Spanish–American War, the USS Nashville, commanded by Maynard's son, Washburn, fired the war's first American shot.",
"Another son, James, was president of the Knoxville-based Brookside Mills in the early 1900s.",
"References and notes\n\nExternal links\n\nFinding Aid for the Horace Maynard Papers — University of Tennessee Special Collections\n \n\n|-\n\n|-\n\n|-\n\n|-\n\n|-\n\n1814 births\n1882 deaths\nPeople from Westborough, Massachusetts\nUnited States Postmasters General\nHayes administration cabinet members\nTennessee Whigs\nTennessee Know Nothings\nKnow-Nothing members of the United States House of Representatives from Tennessee\nOpposition Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Tennessee\nTennessee Oppositionists\nTennessee Unionists\nUnionist Party members of the United States House of Representatives\nUnconditional Union Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Tennessee\nTennessee Republicans\nRepublican Party members of the United States House of Representatives\nMembers of the United States House of Representatives from Tennessee\n1852 United States presidential electors\nAmbassadors of the United States to the Ottoman Empire\nTennessee Attorneys General\nTennessee lawyers\nPeople of Tennessee in the American Civil War\nPoliticians from Knoxville, Tennessee\nSouthern Unionists in the American Civil War\n19th-century American diplomats\nAmherst College alumni\nUniversity of Tennessee faculty\n19th-century American politicians"
] | [
"In the second half of the 19th century, Horace Maynard was an American educator, attorney, politician and diplomat.",
"After being elected to the House of Representatives from Tennessee's 2nd Congressional District, Maynard became one of the few Southern congressmen to maintain his seat in the House during the Civil War.",
"Maynard served as Tennessee's attorney general under Governor Andrew Johnson and later as ambassador to the Ottoman Empire.",
"Maynard left his teaching position at East Tennessee College in the early 1840s to pursue a career in law, and quickly developed a reputation among his peers for his sarcastic style.",
"He spent most of his first two terms in Congress fighting to preserve the Union, and he urged President Abraham Lincoln to send Union forces to free East Tennessee during the Civil War.",
"Maynard was a Republican in a Democrat-controlled state and struggled in statewide elections.",
"Maynard was educated at Millbury Academy and later at Amherst College.",
"The meaning of the \"V\" above Maynard's door was revealed when he was named the valedictorian of his graduating class.",
"He moved to Tennessee in the 19th century and became a professor at East Tennessee College.",
"He became a college-level teacher of mathematics and ancient languages after teaching in the university's high school department.",
"Maynard contemplated leaving Tennessee after he was dissatisfied with the city of Knoxville.",
"He decided to make the city his permanent home after arguing cases in local courts.",
"Maynard was described by a colleague as \"abrupt and unamiable, and often offensive in his manners, snapping up men without hesitation.\"",
"The style agitated Maynard's peers, but at the same time gained their respect.",
"Maynard was defeated by William Churchwell when he first ran for Congress.",
"The 2nd District's congressional seat was captured by him in 1856.",
"Maynard easily defeated J. C. Ramsey in his reelection campaign.",
"Maynard was a presidential elector for the Whig Party.",
"He ran for Congress on the American, Opposition and Unionist party tickets after the collapse of the Whig Party.",
"Changing feelings about slavery were common among East Tennessee Unionists.",
"Maynard, the son of an abolitionist, hated slavery so much that he called it a curse to the country.",
"Maynard defended the practice of slavery in letters to his father, arguing there was a \"bright as well as a dark side to slavery.\"",
"Maynard owned four slaves before becoming a congressman, but he still defended slavery.",
"At the end of the Civil War, Maynard supported the abolition of slavery.",
"Maynard was one of the Unionists who worked to keep Tennessee in the Union.",
"Maynard gave dozens of speeches in favor of the Union in the weeks leading up to the referendum.",
"The pro-Union East Tennessee Convention sought to create a separate Union-aligned state in East Tennessee.",
"Maynard went to Washington, D.C. to take his seat in Congress after the Civil War ended.",
"Maynard pleaded with Lincoln to send troops to free East Tennessee, warning that the region's \"tears and blood will be a stain on your administration that time can never forget.\"",
"Maynard criticized General George H. Thomas for not invading the region in the wake of the bridge burning conspiracy.",
"General George B. McClellan wrote to General Don Carlos Buell saying that Johnson, Maynard, and others were becoming frantic and that President Lincoln's sympathy was excited.",
"It is advisable to get the arms and troops into Eastern Tennessee at a very early day.",
"In spite of Maynard's efforts, the Union troops did not enter Knoxville until 1863.",
"By the time Maynard came back to the city, there was a divide between those who supported the Emancipation Proclamation and those who wanted to return to the pre-war status quo.",
"Maynard was appointed Tennessee's attorney general by Andrew Johnson, who had been installed as the state's military governor.",
"Maynard attended the National Union Convention in 1865 and was elected to the 39th Congress as an Unconditional Unionist.",
"He was a Republican in the 40th, 41st, 42nd and 43rd Congresses.",
"He was the chairman of the U.S. House Committee on Banking and Currency during the 43rd Congress.",
"Maynard was appointed to the Tennessee Supreme Court by Governor Brownlow when he was in Congress.",
"Maynard held both offices at the same time, but his right to do so was challenged.",
"Maynard's judicial acts were valid because the court assumed that his acceptance of the Supreme Court appointment constituted a resignation of his congressional office, and that it was up to Congress to address his continued occupation of that office.",
"Maynard was nominated for Vice President in the 1872 National Union Republican Convention held in Philadelphia.",
"Maynard received 26 votes.",
"There were 24 from Tennessee and 1 from Alabama and Mississippi.",
"Maynard won the race for Tennessee's at-large congressional district in 1873, defeating both Andrew Johnson and Benjamin Cheatham.",
"He ran for Governor of Tennessee as a Republican, but lost to James D. Porter.",
"He served as Minister to Turkey from 1875 to 1880.",
"He was the United States Postmaster General from June 2, 1880 to March 5, 1884.",
"Maynard was buried in the Old Gray Cemetery after he died from a heart disease.",
"Maynard's sense of persuasiveness was remembered by his peers.",
"Maynard was the \"best read man\" of East Tennessee's lawyers, according to the editor of the Knoxville Journal.",
"Even though he disliked Maynard, Peter Staub voted for him twice because he was so impressed with Maynard's reasoning and rhetoric.",
"Many people were stung and wounded by Maynard's biting sarcasm.",
"George Washington Harris made fun of Maynard in his story.",
"The newly formed Union County, Tennessee, was the subject of a lawsuit during the 1850s.",
"Maynardville, the county seat, was named in his honor.",
"The high school became a middle school in 1997.",
"The first American shot was fired during the Spanish–American War.",
"James was president of the Brookside Mills in the early 1900s.",
"The University of Tennessee Special Collections contains the Finding Aid for the Horace Maynard Papers."
] | <mask> (August 30, 1814 – May 3, 1882) was an American educator, attorney, politician and diplomat active primarily in the second half of the 19th century. Initially elected to the House of Representatives from Tennessee's 2nd Congressional District for the term commencing on March 4, 1857, <mask>, an ardent Union supporter and later abolitionist, became one of the few Southern congressmen to maintain his seat in the House during the Civil War. Toward the end of the war, <mask> served as Tennessee's attorney general under Governor Andrew Johnson, and later served as ambassador to the Ottoman Empire under President Ulysses S. Grant and Postmaster General under President Rutherford B. Hayes. <mask> left his teaching position at East Tennessee College in the early 1840s to pursue a career in law, and quickly developed a reputation among his peers for his reasoning ability and biting sarcastic style. He spent much of his first two terms in Congress fighting to preserve the Union, and during the Civil War, he consistently urged President Abraham Lincoln to send Union forces to free East Tennessee from its Confederate occupiers. <mask> returned to Congress after the war, but being a Republican in a Democrat-controlled state, he struggled in statewide elections. Biography
Early life
Born in Westborough, Massachusetts, <mask> was educated at Millbury Academy and later at Amherst College.When <mask> entered Amherst, he puzzled his classmates by placing a "V" above his door, the meaning of which was revealed in 1838 when <mask> was named valedictorian of his graduating class. In 1839, he moved to Knoxville, Tennessee, where he accepted a position as a professor at East Tennessee College (now the University of Tennessee). He initially taught in the university's preparatory (high school) department, but in 1841 he became a college-level teacher of mathematics and ancient languages. <mask> was initially disenchanted with Knoxville, which he considered backward and unsophisticated, and contemplated leaving Tennessee. After he was admitted to the bar in 1844, however, he found a niche arguing cases in local courts, and decided to make the city his permanent home. Knoxville attorney Oliver Perry Temple (1820–1907), a colleague of <mask>, described <mask> as "abrupt and unamiable, and often offensive in his manners, snapping up men without hesitation." This style agitated <mask>'s peers, but at the same time gained their respect.Early congressional terms
When <mask> first ran for Congress in 1852, he was ruthlessly attacked in local newspapers, and was defeated by William Churchwell. In 1856, with the Knoxville Whig backing his campaign, he captured the 2nd District's congressional seat. In his 1858 reelection campaign, <mask> easily defeated fellow attorney J. C. Ramsey, winning 67% of the vote. <mask> initially supported the Whig Party, and served as a presidential elector in 1852. After the collapse of the Whig Party, he ran for Congress on the American, Opposition and Unionist party tickets for congressional terms beginning in 1857, 1859, and 1861, respectively. Secession crisis and views on slavery
<mask>'s complex views on slavery reflected shifting sentiments that were common among East Tennessee Unionists. During the 1830s, <mask>, the son of an abolitionist, found slavery contemptible, calling it "a curse to the country."By 1850, however, <mask> was defending the practice of slavery in letters to his father, arguing there was a "bright as well as a dark side to slavery." In 1860, <mask> had previously owned four slaves, and while he opposed secession as a congressman, he nevertheless defended slavery. Near the end of the Civil War, <mask> shifted once again to an abolitionist viewpoint on slavery, and supported Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation. Along with fellow Unionists Andrew Johnson, T. A. R. Nelson, and William G. Brownlow, <mask> worked feverishly to keep Tennessee in the Union amidst the secession crisis of 1860 and 1861. In the weeks leading up to the state's June 8 referendum on secession, <mask> travelled across East Tennessee, giving dozens of pro-Union speeches. <mask> was also a member of the Knox County delegation to the pro-Union East Tennessee Convention, which sought to create a separate Union-aligned state in East Tennessee. Civil War
After the East Tennessee Union Convention adjourned in June 1861, <mask> headed for Washington, D.C. to take his seat in Congress.When Confederate forces occupied East Tennessee later that year, <mask> consistently pleaded with Lincoln to send troops to free the region, warning that East Tennesseans' "tears and blood will be a blot on your administration that time can never efface." In December 1861, <mask> blasted General George H. Thomas for balking at an invasion of the region in the wake of so-called bridge-burning conspiracy, calling his efforts "disgraceful." Later that month, General George B. McClellan wrote to General Don Carlos Buell:
Johnson, <mask>, etc., are again becoming frantic, and have President Lincoln's sympathy excited. Political considerations would make it advisable to get the arms and troops into Eastern Tennessee at a very early day ... In spite of <mask>'s efforts, Union troops did not enter Knoxville until September 1863. By the time <mask> returned to the city, a rift had developed among East Tennessee's Unionists between those who supported the Emancipation Proclamation (led by <mask> and Brownlow) and those who simply sought a return to the pre-war status quo (led by Nelson and Knoxville mayor James C. Luttrell). In 1864, <mask> was appointed Tennessee's attorney general by Andrew Johnson, who had been installed as the state's military governor.Postwar activities
<mask> attended the National Union Convention in 1866 and was elected to the 39th Congress as an Unconditional Unionist the same year following the readmission of Tennessee into the Union. He then served in the 40th, 41st, 42nd and 43rd Congresses as a Republican. During the 43rd Congress he acted as chairman of the U.S. House Committee on Banking and Currency. In 1868, while serving in Congress, <mask> was appointed to the Tennessee Supreme Court by Governor Brownlow to fill the vacancy created by the resignation of Samuel Milligan. <mask> held both offices simultaneously, but his right to do so was challenged in Calloway v. Strum, 48 Tennessee (1 Heiskell), 764. The court in that case held that <mask>'s judicial acts were valid based on the presumption that his acceptance of the Supreme Court appointment constituted a resignation of his congressional office, and that it was up to Congress to address his continued occupation of that office. <mask>'s name was on the ballot to be nominated for Vice President in the 1872 National Union Republican Convention held in Philadelphia on June 5 and 6.<mask> lost and only received 26 total votes. All 24 from Tennessee, and 1 each from Alabama and Mississippi. <mask> reached the height of his political career in 1873 when he defeated both former President Andrew Johnson and popular West Tennessee politician Benjamin F. Cheatham in the race for Tennessee's at-large congressional district. The following year, he ran for Governor of Tennessee as a Republican, but lost to James D. Porter. He was appointed Minister to Turkey and served from 1875 to 1880 in that post. He was appointed United States Postmaster General in the Cabinet of President Rutherford B. Hayes and served from June 2, 1880 to March 5, 1881. <mask> died suddenly from heart disease in Knoxville in 1882, and was buried in Knoxville's Old Gray Cemetery.Legacy
<mask> was remembered among his peers for his powerful intellect and sense of persuasiveness. Knoxville Journal editor William Rule wrote that <mask> was the "best read man" of East Tennessee's lawyers, while abolitionist Frederick Douglass once remarked that <mask> had a "three story head." Knoxville mayor Peter Staub (a Democrat) said that even though he disliked <mask>, he was so impressed with <mask>'s reasoning and rhetoric that he voted for him twice. Oliver Perry Temple wrote of <mask>: "Many were the persons he stung and wounded by his biting sarcasm or pungent wit." Humorist George Washington Harris mocked <mask> ("Stilyards") in his story, "The Widow McCloud's Mare." During the 1850s, Knox County attempted to sue the newly formed Union County, Tennessee, out of existence. <mask> successfully represented Union County, and in return, the county named its county seat, Maynardville, in his honor.Horace <mask> High School served the county from 1923 until 1997, when it became a middle school. During the Spanish–American War, the USS Nashville, commanded by <mask>'s son, Washburn, fired the war's first American shot. Another son, James, was president of the Knoxville-based Brookside Mills in the early 1900s. References and notes
External links
Finding Aid for the <mask> Papers — University of Tennessee Special Collections
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
1814 births
1882 deaths
People from Westborough, Massachusetts
United States Postmasters General
Hayes administration cabinet members
Tennessee Whigs
Tennessee Know Nothings
Know-Nothing members of the United States House of Representatives from Tennessee
Opposition Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Tennessee
Tennessee Oppositionists
Tennessee Unionists
Unionist Party members of the United States House of Representatives
Unconditional Union Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Tennessee
Tennessee Republicans
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Tennessee
1852 United States presidential electors
Ambassadors of the United States to the Ottoman Empire
Tennessee Attorneys General
Tennessee lawyers
People of Tennessee in the American Civil War
Politicians from Knoxville, Tennessee
Southern Unionists in the American Civil War
19th-century American diplomats
Amherst College alumni
University of Tennessee faculty
19th-century American politicians | [
"Horace Maynard",
"Maynard",
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] | In the second half of the 19th century, <mask> was an American educator, attorney, politician and diplomat. After being elected to the House of Representatives from Tennessee's 2nd Congressional District, <mask> became one of the few Southern congressmen to maintain his seat in the House during the Civil War. <mask> served as Tennessee's attorney general under Governor Andrew Johnson and later as ambassador to the Ottoman Empire. <mask> left his teaching position at East Tennessee College in the early 1840s to pursue a career in law, and quickly developed a reputation among his peers for his sarcastic style. He spent most of his first two terms in Congress fighting to preserve the Union, and he urged President Abraham Lincoln to send Union forces to free East Tennessee during the Civil War. <mask> was a Republican in a Democrat-controlled state and struggled in statewide elections. <mask> was educated at Millbury Academy and later at Amherst College.The meaning of the "V" above <mask>'s door was revealed when he was named the valedictorian of his graduating class. He moved to Tennessee in the 19th century and became a professor at East Tennessee College. He became a college-level teacher of mathematics and ancient languages after teaching in the university's high school department. <mask> contemplated leaving Tennessee after he was dissatisfied with the city of Knoxville. He decided to make the city his permanent home after arguing cases in local courts. <mask> was described by a colleague as "abrupt and unamiable, and often offensive in his manners, snapping up men without hesitation." The style agitated <mask>'s peers, but at the same time gained their respect.<mask> was defeated by William Churchwell when he first ran for Congress. The 2nd District's congressional seat was captured by him in 1856. <mask> easily defeated J. C. Ramsey in his reelection campaign. <mask> was a presidential elector for the Whig Party. He ran for Congress on the American, Opposition and Unionist party tickets after the collapse of the Whig Party. Changing feelings about slavery were common among East Tennessee Unionists. <mask>, the son of an abolitionist, hated slavery so much that he called it a curse to the country.<mask> defended the practice of slavery in letters to his father, arguing there was a "bright as well as a dark side to slavery." <mask> owned four slaves before becoming a congressman, but he still defended slavery. At the end of the Civil War, <mask> supported the abolition of slavery. <mask> was one of the Unionists who worked to keep Tennessee in the Union. <mask> gave dozens of speeches in favor of the Union in the weeks leading up to the referendum. The pro-Union East Tennessee Convention sought to create a separate Union-aligned state in East Tennessee. <mask> went to Washington, D.C. to take his seat in Congress after the Civil War ended.<mask> pleaded with Lincoln to send troops to free East Tennessee, warning that the region's "tears and blood will be a stain on your administration that time can never forget." <mask> criticized General George H. Thomas for not invading the region in the wake of the bridge burning conspiracy. General George B. McClellan wrote to General Don Carlos Buell saying that Johnson, <mask>, and others were becoming frantic and that President Lincoln's sympathy was excited. It is advisable to get the arms and troops into Eastern Tennessee at a very early day. In spite of <mask>'s efforts, the Union troops did not enter Knoxville until 1863. By the time <mask> came back to the city, there was a divide between those who supported the Emancipation Proclamation and those who wanted to return to the pre-war status quo. <mask> was appointed Tennessee's attorney general by Andrew Johnson, who had been installed as the state's military governor.<mask> attended the National Union Convention in 1865 and was elected to the 39th Congress as an Unconditional Unionist. He was a Republican in the 40th, 41st, 42nd and 43rd Congresses. He was the chairman of the U.S. House Committee on Banking and Currency during the 43rd Congress. <mask> was appointed to the Tennessee Supreme Court by Governor Brownlow when he was in Congress. <mask> held both offices at the same time, but his right to do so was challenged. <mask>'s judicial acts were valid because the court assumed that his acceptance of the Supreme Court appointment constituted a resignation of his congressional office, and that it was up to Congress to address his continued occupation of that office. <mask> was nominated for Vice President in the 1872 National Union Republican Convention held in Philadelphia.<mask> received 26 votes. There were 24 from Tennessee and 1 from Alabama and Mississippi. <mask> won the race for Tennessee's at-large congressional district in 1873, defeating both Andrew Johnson and Benjamin Cheatham. He ran for Governor of Tennessee as a Republican, but lost to James D. Porter. He served as Minister to Turkey from 1875 to 1880. He was the United States Postmaster General from June 2, 1880 to March 5, 1884. <mask> was buried in the Old Gray Cemetery after he died from a heart disease.<mask>'s sense of persuasiveness was remembered by his peers. <mask> was the "best read man" of East Tennessee's lawyers, according to the editor of the Knoxville Journal. Even though he disliked <mask>, Peter Staub voted for him twice because he was so impressed with <mask>'s reasoning and rhetoric. Many people were stung and wounded by <mask>'s biting sarcasm. George Washington Harris made fun of <mask> in his story. The newly formed Union County, Tennessee, was the subject of a lawsuit during the 1850s. Maynardville, the county seat, was named in his honor.The high school became a middle school in 1997. The first American shot was fired during the Spanish–American War. James was president of the Brookside Mills in the early 1900s. The University of Tennessee Special Collections contains the Finding Aid for the <mask> Papers. | [
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42694161 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Tannen | William Tannen | William Tannen (November 17, 1911 – December 2, 1976) was an American actor originally from New York City, who was best known for his role of Deputy Hal Norton in fifty-six episodes from 1956 to 1958 of the ABC/Desilu western television series, The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp. During the 1930s and 1940s, he was a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract player.
Personal life
Tannen was the son of actor Julius Tannen, and his brother, Charles Tannen, was also an actor. He became active in drama — both acting and writing — while a student at Lawrenceville School.
Stage
Tannen made his stage debut in a production of The Honor of the Family with the National Theatre troupe in Washington, D.C.
Television
Tannen was also cast as Gyp Clements in the 1955 episode "The Buntline Special" of The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp. Beginning on September 11, 1956, in the second season of the series, with the setting moved from Wichita to Dodge City, Kansas, Tannen filled the Hal Norton role. His earliest episodes were "Fight or Run", "The Double Life of Dora Hand" and "Clay Allison", the latter two based on historical figures, the saloon singer and actor Dora Hand and the gunfighter Clay Allison. Some of his appearances were uncredited. His last credited role was "Doc Holliday Rewrites History" (May 6, 1958), with Myron Healey as the frontier gunfighter and dentist Doc Holliday. His last uncredited roles aired thereafter in May and June 1958, "Dig a Grave for Ben Thompson", based on the historical figure Ben Thompson played by Denver Pyle, "Frame-up", and "My Husband".
He was cast as Ike Clanton, not on The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp, but in the 1964 episode "After the OK Corral" of the syndicated western anthology series, Death Valley Days. Jim Davis portrayed Wyatt Earp in this particular episode. Tannen appeared twice, one role uncredited in Davis' earlier syndicated western series, Stories of the Century, including the role of Dutch Charlie in "Milt Sharp", the story of the stagecoach robber Milt Sharp.
Other roles
Tannen's first credited role was as Luther Botts in 1934 in the film short, "My Grandfather's Clock." Most of his early film roles were uncredited. He became a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract player during the 1930s and '40s, where he appeared often uncredited in bit parts and smaller roles. In 1954, he played Emmett Dalton in the film, Jesse James vs. the Daltons. Brett King played the role of Joe Branch, reputed son of Jesse James in this historically inaccurate picture. That same year, Tannen played O'Connor in the film Sitting Bull, with J. Carrol Naish in the title role. and Iron Eyes Cody as Crazy Horse, and also starring Dale Robertson.
Tannen appeared in many other westerns too, either as a guest star once or multiple times. He was cast eight times on The Roy Rogers Show and Daniel Boone, seven times on The Adventures of Kit Carson, six times on Annie Oakley, five times on Rawhide and Tales of Wells Fargo, four times on Bat Masterson, Bonanza, and The High Chaparral, three times on The Lone Ranger, The Cisco Kid, Wagon Train, and The Virginian, and twice on Gunsmoke, The Adventures of Wild Bill Hickok, and The Adventures of Champion.
On May 1, 1960, Tannen portrayed Jim Ashbury in the episode "Backwater Swamp" of the ABC/Warner Brothers western series, Sugarfoot, starring Will Hutchins in the title role. James Coburn, Robert Colbert , and Kevin Hagen appeared in this episode as Rome Morgan, Ben Crain, and Sam Fields, respectively.
While most of Tannen's work was in westerns he was cast as a colonel in an episode of the ABC situation comedy My Three Sons, starring Fred MacMurray, a newscaster in a 1962 episode of the short-lived NBC drama series, Saints and Sinners and in three episodes in 1960, 1964, and 1966 of CBS's Perry Mason, starring Raymond Burr in the title role. He also appeared with Mike Connors in the 1959 episode "The Cracking Point" of the CBS series Tightrope, in the ABC series, Target: The Corruptors!, and in two episodes of The Detectives, starring Robert Taylor.
His last role was in 1969 as a minister in the episode "Little Darling of the Sierras" of the CBS western series, Lancer (TV series), starring Andrew Duggan, James Stacy, Wayne Maunder, and Paul Brinegar, who had appeared with him a decade earlier on episodes of The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp in the role of the historical figure, James H. "Dog" Kelley.
Filmography
The Band Plays On (1934) - Rosy Rosenberg
Murder in the Fleet (1935) - Pee Wee Adams (uncredited)
She Couldn't Take It (1935) - Cesar
It's in the Air (1935) - Pilot (scenes deleted)
Exclusive Story (1936) - Kent (uncredited)
Tough Guy (1936) - Heming (uncredited)
Small Town Girl (1936) - Tom (uncredited)
Speed (1936) - Intern Attending Terry (uncredited)
Fury (1936) - Governor's Aide (uncredited)
Women Are Trouble (1936) - Reporter (uncredited)
Crash Donovan (1936) - Tony
When Love Is Young (1937) - Norman Crocker
Rosalie (1937) - West Point Cadet (uncredited)
The Devil's Party (1938) - Master of Ceremonies (uncredited)
The Mad Miss Manton (1938) - Drunk Who Trips in Las Palmas Club (uncredited)
Dramatic School (1938) - Student (uncredited)
Stand Up and Fight (1939) - Lewis, Arnold's Henchman (uncredited)
Four Girls in White (1939) - Doctor at Accident (uncredited)
The Ice Follies of 1939 (1939) - Assistant Doorman (uncredited)
Within the Law (1939) - Green's Clerk (uncredited)
Broadway Serenade (1939) - Assistant Stage Manager (uncredited)
The Hardys Ride High (1939) - Hotel Desk Clerk (uncredited)
It's a Wonderful World (1939) - Actor as 'Soldier' (uncredited)
6,000 Enemies (1939) - Warden's Secretary (uncredited)
Miracles for Sale (1939) - Radio Announcer (uncredited)
Fast and Furious (1939) - Radio Announcer (uncredited)
Another Thin Man (1939) - State Trooper (uncredited)
The Secret of Dr. Kildare (1939) - Bates - Intern (uncredited)
Broadway Melody of 1940 (1940) - Harmon (uncredited)
Florian (1940) - Sergeant (uncredited)
Phantom Raiders (1940) - Sailor (uncredited)
The Mortal Storm (1940) - Nazi Clerk (uncredited)
New Moon (1940) - Pierre
Andy Hardy Meets Debutante (1940) - Mr. Franklin - Radio M.C. (voice, uncredited)
Sporting Blood (1940) - Ted Milner (uncredited)
I Love You Again (1940) - Hotel Clerk (uncredited)
Boom Town (1940) - Hotel Desk Clerk #1 (uncredited)
Wyoming (1940) - Sgt. Reynolds (uncredited)
Sky Murder (1940) - Gus
Gallant Sons (1940) - Spath, a Gangster (uncredited)
Flight Command (1940) - Lieut. Freddy Townsend
The Wild Man of Borneo (1941) - Actor in Film Scene (uncredited)
The Trial of Mary Dugan (1941) - Driver (uncredited)
The Penalty (1941) - State Trooper with Machine Gun (uncredited)
Washington Melodrama (1941) - Airport Official (uncredited)
Men of the Timberland (1941) - Cafe Patron (uncredited)
I'll Wait for You (1941) - Driver
Love Crazy (1941) - Sanitarium Attendant (uncredited)
The Get-Away (1941) - Driver in Prison Break (uncredited)
The Big Store (1941) - Fred Sutton
Down in San Diego (1941) - Matt Herman
Whistling in the Dark (1941) - Robert Graves
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1941) - Intern Fenwick
Two-Faced Woman (1941) - Missing Couple-Searching Skier (uncredited)
Woman of the Year (1942) - Ellis
Nazi Agent (1942) - Ludwig
Mr. and Mrs. North (1942) - Train Agent (uncredited)
Joe Smith, American (1942) - Eddie
Dr. Kildare's Victory (1942) - Intern Morgan (uncredited)
Ship Ahoy (1942) - Agent Flammer (uncredited)
Fingers at the Window (1942) - Devlan
Tarzan's New York Adventure (1942) - Mike, an Airport Clerk (uncredited)
Pacific Rendezvous (1942) - Jasper Dean
Grand Central Murder (1942) - Second Railroad Yardman (uncredited)
Maisie Gets Her Man (1942) - Army Stage Manager (uncredited)
The Affairs of Martha (1942) - Mechanic (uncredited)
Cairo (1942) - Mechanic at the Pyramid / Soldier on Boat (uncredited)
The War Against Mrs. Hadley (1942) - Corporal - War Department Guard (uncredited)
For Me and My Gal (1942) - France Soldier-Driver (uncredited)
Stand by for Action (1942) - Flag Lt. Dudley
The Youngest Profession (1943) - Mr. Clark - Hotel Clerk (uncredited)
Harrigan's Kid (1943) - Murphy's Aide (uncredited)
Air Raid Wardens (1943) - Joseph
Presenting Lily Mars (1943) - Eugene Shepherd (uncredited)
Three Hearts for Julia (1943) - Reporter at Wharf (uncredited)
Pilot No. 5 (1943) - American Soldier
Salute to the Marines (1943) - Adjutant Reading Letter of Commendation (uncredited)
Thousands Cheer (1943) - Prison Sergeant (uncredited)
Meet the People (1944) - Mr. Quinn (uncredited)
The Seventh Cross (1944) - Guard at Town Entrance (uncredited)
The Canterville Ghost (1944) - Jordan
Maisie Goes to Reno (1944) - Lead Man (uncredited)
An American Romance (1944) - Auto Factory Driver (uncredited)
This Man's Navy (1945) - Red (uncredited)
Main Street After Dark (1945) - Wallet-Preparer (uncredited)
Son of Lassie (1945) - German Soldier with Grenade (uncredited)
Twice Blessed (1945) - Reporter at Airport (uncredited)
Week-End at the Waldorf (1945) - Photographer (uncredited)
Abbott and Costello in Hollywood (1945) - Casting Director / Dr. Caswell Snide (uncredited)
Two Smart People (1946) - Clerk (uncredited)
Boys' Ranch (1946) - Larry Stewart, Ranch Foreman (uncredited)
Three Wise Fools (1946) - Prosecutor (uncredited)
The Beginning or the End (1947) - Soldier at A-Bomb Test (uncredited)
It Happened in Brooklyn (1947) - Captain (uncredited)
Little Mister Jim (1947) - Sergeant (uncredited)
High Barbaree (1947) - Officer of the Deck (uncredited)
Dark Delusion (1947) - Walters the Chauffeur (uncredited)
Cynthia (1947) - Dingle Clerk (uncredited)
This Time for Keeps (1947) - Soldier (uncredited)
Cass Timberlane (1947) - Chauffeur (uncredited)
Killer McCoy (1947) - Thorne's Cameraman (uncredited)
Alias a Gentleman (1948) - Interne (uncredited)
B.F.'s Daughter (1948) - Warrant Officer Operating Radio (uncredited)
Homecoming (1948) - Airline Attendant (uncredited)
A Southern Yankee (1948) - Secret Service Agent (uncredited)
Walk a Crooked Mile (1948) - FBI Chemist (uncredited)
Luxury Liner (1948) - Ship Headwaiter (uncredited)
An Innocent Affair (1948) - Gaylord
The Three Musketeers (1948) - Traveler (uncredited)
Command Decision (1948) - Officer (uncredited)
Alaska Patrol (1949) - Dajek
I Cheated the Law (1949) - Jack (uncredited)
Take Me Out to the Ball Game (1949) - Reporter With Teddy Roosevelt (uncredited)
The Barkleys of Broadway (1949) - Doorman at Theater (uncredited)
Lust for Gold (1949) - Eager Fellow (uncredited)
Any Number Can Play (1949) - Gambler (uncredited)
Scene of the Crime (1949) - Detective (uncredited)
The Gal Who Took the West (1949) - Lee Cowhand (uncredited)
The Mysterious Desperado (1949) - Bart Barton
Abandoned (1949) - Taxi Driver (uncredited)
All the King's Men (1949) - Man in City Bar (uncredited)
Riders of the Range (1950) - Policeman (uncredited)
Father Is a Bachelor (1950) - George Willis (uncredited)
Annie Get Your Gun (1950) - Barker (uncredited)
Armored Car Robbery (1950) - Officer Johnson (uncredited)
Three Little Words (1950) - Photographer (uncredited)
David Harding, Counterspy (1950) - Radio Operator (uncredited)
Convicted (1950) - Prison Guard (uncredited)
Sunset in the West (1950) - John Kimball
Chain Gang (1950) - Harry Cleaver (uncredited)
Three Secrets (1950) - Bobby Lynch (uncredited)
Dial 1119 (1950) - WKYL Radio Announcer (uncredited)
Pygmy Island (1950) - Kruger
The Flying Missile (1950) - Lieutenant (uncredited)
Blue Blood (1951) - Sparks
A Yank in Korea (1951) - Lt. Lewis
Up Front (1951) - Doctor (uncredited)
Insurance Investigator (1951) - 1st Hood
Santa Fe (1951) - Henry, the Telegrapher (uncredited)
I Was An American Spy (1951) - American Captain (uncredited)
Roaring City (1951) - Ed Gannon
New Mexico (1951) - Private Cheever
Show Boat (1951) - Man with Julie (uncredited)
The Strip (1951) - Arresting Detective (uncredited)
Best of the Badmen (1951) - Bill - Adjutant (uncredited)
Flame of Araby (1951) - Captain of Guards (uncredited)
Jungle Jim in the Forbidden Land (1952) - 'Doc' Edwards
Road Agent (1952) - Toll Gate Guard
Jet Job (1952) - Col. Jamison
Talk About a Stranger (1952) - Driggs (uncredited)
Loan Shark (1952) - Rourke (uncredited)
Scaramouche (1952) - Le Blanc (uncredited)
Flat Top (1952) - Commander (uncredited)
The Bad and the Beautiful (1952) - Reporter (uncredited)
Jack McCall, Desperado (1953) - Spargo
Man in the Dark (1953) - Slavin (uncredited)
Code Two (1953) - Officer Kane (uncredited)
Law and Order (1953) - Stranger (uncredited)
Raiders of the Seven Seas (1953) - Ramon
Run for the Hills (1953) - Charlie's Co-Worker (uncredited)
Cruisin' Down the River (1953) - Poker Player (uncredited)
I, the Jury (1953) - Johnny - Reporter (uncredited)
Clipped Wings (1953) - FBI Agent Douglas (uncredited)
99 River Street (1953) - Director
El Paso Stampede (1953) - Henchman Joe
Dangerous Crossing (1953) - Ship's Officer (uncredited)
Kiss Me Kate (1953) - Taxi Driver (uncredited)
The Great Diamond Robbery (1954) - Interne (uncredited)
The Golden Idol (1954) - Sergeant Reed
Jesse James vs. the Daltons (1954) - Emmett Dalton
Captain Kidd and the Slave Girl (1954) - Steve Castle
The Law vs. Billy the Kid (1954) - Dave Rudabaugh
Woman's World (1954) - Executive Reception Guest (uncredited)
The Human Jungle (1954) - Cab driver-witness (uncredited)
Sitting Bull (1954) - O'Connor
The Bob Mathias Story (1954) - Olympics Reporter (uncredited)
Jupiter's Darling (1955) - Roman Courier (uncredited)
Dial Red O (1955) - Devon—Newspaper Reporter
Devil Goddess (1955) - Nels Comstock
Bobby Ware Is Missing (1955) - Helicopter Deputy (uncredited)
Top Gun (1955) - Torchy - Henchman (uncredited)
Blackjack Ketchum, Desperado (1956) - Dee Havalik
The First Texan (1956) - President Jackson's Aide (uncredited)
Three for Jamie Dawn (1956) - Mr. Douglas (uncredited)
Gun Brothers (1956) - Rourke - Gang Member (uncredited)
Friendly Persuasion (1956) - Supply Sergeant (uncredited)
Last of the Badmen (1957) - Deputy (uncredited)
Badlands of Montana (1957) - Second Outlaw (uncredited)
Gun Duel in Durango (1957) - Larkin - Man Stealing Guns (uncredited)
A Hatful of Rain (1957) - Celia's Supervisor (uncredited)
The Hired Gun (1957) - Deputy-Guard (uncredited)
The Tijuana Story (1957) - Miguel Fuentes (uncredited)
Jailhouse Rock (1957) - Record Distributor (uncredited)
Touch of Evil (1958) - Marcia Linnekar's Attorney (uncredited)
Noose for a Gunman (1960) - Willetts
The Quick Gun (1964) - Jake (uncredited)
How to Murder Your Wife (1965) - Party Guest (uncredited)
Fluffy (1965) - Professor (uncredited)
The Great Sioux Massacre (1965) - Miner
Batman (1966) - American Delegate (uncredited)
The High Chaparral (1967) -Shadows on the Land, Bartender
Panic in the City (1968) - Bill Rawlins
Support Your Local Sheriff! (1969) - Man in Saloon (uncredited)
References
External links
1911 births
1976 deaths
Male actors from New York City
American male film actors
American male television actors
Television personalities from Los Angeles
20th-century American male actors | [
"William Tannen (November 17, 1911 – December 2, 1976) was an American actor originally from New York City, who was best known for his role of Deputy Hal Norton in fifty-six episodes from 1956 to 1958 of the ABC/Desilu western television series, The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp.",
"During the 1930s and 1940s, he was a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract player.",
"Personal life \nTannen was the son of actor Julius Tannen, and his brother, Charles Tannen, was also an actor.",
"He became active in drama — both acting and writing — while a student at Lawrenceville School.",
"Stage\nTannen made his stage debut in a production of The Honor of the Family with the National Theatre troupe in Washington, D.C.\n\nTelevision \n\nTannen was also cast as Gyp Clements in the 1955 episode \"The Buntline Special\" of The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp.",
"Beginning on September 11, 1956, in the second season of the series, with the setting moved from Wichita to Dodge City, Kansas, Tannen filled the Hal Norton role.",
"His earliest episodes were \"Fight or Run\", \"The Double Life of Dora Hand\" and \"Clay Allison\", the latter two based on historical figures, the saloon singer and actor Dora Hand and the gunfighter Clay Allison.",
"Some of his appearances were uncredited.",
"His last credited role was \"Doc Holliday Rewrites History\" (May 6, 1958), with Myron Healey as the frontier gunfighter and dentist Doc Holliday.",
"His last uncredited roles aired thereafter in May and June 1958, \"Dig a Grave for Ben Thompson\", based on the historical figure Ben Thompson played by Denver Pyle, \"Frame-up\", and \"My Husband\".",
"He was cast as Ike Clanton, not on The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp, but in the 1964 episode \"After the OK Corral\" of the syndicated western anthology series, Death Valley Days.",
"Jim Davis portrayed Wyatt Earp in this particular episode.",
"Tannen appeared twice, one role uncredited in Davis' earlier syndicated western series, Stories of the Century, including the role of Dutch Charlie in \"Milt Sharp\", the story of the stagecoach robber Milt Sharp.",
"Other roles \n\nTannen's first credited role was as Luther Botts in 1934 in the film short, \"My Grandfather's Clock.\"",
"Most of his early film roles were uncredited.",
"He became a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract player during the 1930s and '40s, where he appeared often uncredited in bit parts and smaller roles.",
"In 1954, he played Emmett Dalton in the film, Jesse James vs. the Daltons.",
"Brett King played the role of Joe Branch, reputed son of Jesse James in this historically inaccurate picture.",
"That same year, Tannen played O'Connor in the film Sitting Bull, with J. Carrol Naish in the title role.",
"and Iron Eyes Cody as Crazy Horse, and also starring Dale Robertson.",
"Tannen appeared in many other westerns too, either as a guest star once or multiple times.",
"He was cast eight times on The Roy Rogers Show and Daniel Boone, seven times on The Adventures of Kit Carson, six times on Annie Oakley, five times on Rawhide and Tales of Wells Fargo, four times on Bat Masterson, Bonanza, and The High Chaparral, three times on The Lone Ranger, The Cisco Kid, Wagon Train, and The Virginian, and twice on Gunsmoke, The Adventures of Wild Bill Hickok, and The Adventures of Champion.",
"On May 1, 1960, Tannen portrayed Jim Ashbury in the episode \"Backwater Swamp\" of the ABC/Warner Brothers western series, Sugarfoot, starring Will Hutchins in the title role.",
"James Coburn, Robert Colbert , and Kevin Hagen appeared in this episode as Rome Morgan, Ben Crain, and Sam Fields, respectively.",
"While most of Tannen's work was in westerns he was cast as a colonel in an episode of the ABC situation comedy My Three Sons, starring Fred MacMurray, a newscaster in a 1962 episode of the short-lived NBC drama series, Saints and Sinners and in three episodes in 1960, 1964, and 1966 of CBS's Perry Mason, starring Raymond Burr in the title role.",
"He also appeared with Mike Connors in the 1959 episode \"The Cracking Point\" of the CBS series Tightrope, in the ABC series, Target: The Corruptors!, and in two episodes of The Detectives, starring Robert Taylor.",
"His last role was in 1969 as a minister in the episode \"Little Darling of the Sierras\" of the CBS western series, Lancer (TV series), starring Andrew Duggan, James Stacy, Wayne Maunder, and Paul Brinegar, who had appeared with him a decade earlier on episodes of The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp in the role of the historical figure, James H. \"Dog\" Kelley.",
"(voice, uncredited)\nSporting Blood (1940) - Ted Milner (uncredited)\nI Love You Again (1940) - Hotel Clerk (uncredited)\nBoom Town (1940) - Hotel Desk Clerk #1 (uncredited)\nWyoming (1940) - Sgt.",
"Reynolds (uncredited)\nSky Murder (1940) - Gus\nGallant Sons (1940) - Spath, a Gangster (uncredited)\nFlight Command (1940) - Lieut.",
"(1969) - Man in Saloon (uncredited)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n\n \n \n \n\n1911 births\n1976 deaths\nMale actors from New York City\nAmerican male film actors\nAmerican male television actors\nTelevision personalities from Los Angeles\n20th-century American male actors"
] | [
"William Tannen was an American actor who was best known for his role ofDeputy HalNorton in fifty-six episodes of the ABC/Desilu western television series, The Life and Legend of Wyatt.",
"He was a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract player during the 1930s and 1940s.",
"Julius Tannen was an actor, as was his brother, Charles Tannen.",
"While a student at the Lawrenceville School, he became active in both acting and writing.",
"Stage Tannen made his stage debut in a production of The Honor of the Family with the National Theatre troupe in Washington, D.C.",
"Tannen played HalNorton in the second season of the series, which was set in Dodge City, Kansas.",
"His first three episodes were \"Fight or Run\", \"The Double Life of Dora Hand\" and \"Clay Allison\", all based on historical figures, the saloon singer and actor Dora Hand and the gunfighter Clay Allison.",
"Some of his appearances were not credited.",
"Myron Healey was credited as the frontier gunfighter and dentist in \"Doc Holliday Rewrites History\", his last credited role.",
"\"My Husband\", \"Frame-up\", and \"Dig a Grave for Ben Thompson\" were his last uncredited roles.",
"In the 1964 episode \"After the OK Corral\" of Death Valley Days, he was cast as Ike Clanton, not on The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp.",
"Jim Davis played the role of Earp in this episode.",
"Tannen played the role of Dutch Charlie in \"Milt Sharp\", the story of the stagecoach robber, in Davis' earlier syndicated western series, Stories of the Century.",
"In 1934, Tannen's first credited role was as Luther Botts in \"My Grandfather's Clock.\"",
"His early film roles were uncredited.",
"He became a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract player in the 1930s and '40s and appeared in bit parts and smaller roles.",
"The film Jesse James vs. the Daltons was filmed in 1954.",
"Joe Branch is reputed to be the son of Jesse James.",
"Tannen played O'Connor in the film Sitting Bull.",
"Dale Robertson is also starring as Crazy Horse.",
"Tannen was a guest star in many westerns.",
"He was cast eight times on The Roy Rogers Show, seven times on The Adventures of Kit Carson, six times on Annie Oakley, five times on Rawhide, and four times on Bat Masterson.",
"On May 1, 1960, Tannen played Jim Ashbury in the episode \" Backwater Swamp\" of the ABC/Warner Brothers western series, Sugarfoot.",
"Rome Morgan, Ben Crain, and Sam Fields were played by James Coburn, Robert Colbert, and Kevin Hagen.",
"While most of Tannen's work was in westerns, he was cast as a colonel in an episode of the ABC situation comedy My Three Sons, starring Fred MacMurray, a newscaster.",
"He was in the 1959 episode \"The Cracking Point\" of the CBS series Tightrope, in the ABC series Target: The Corruptors!, and in two episodes of The Detectives with Robert Taylor.",
"His last role was in 1969 as a minister in an episode of the CBS western series, \"Little Darling of the Sierras\", which starred Andrew Duggan, James Stacy, Wayne Maunder, and Paul Brinegar.",
"The voice is uncredited and it's called \"Sporting Blood\" and it's called \"I Love You Again\" and it's called \" Hotel Clerk\" and it's called \"Boom Town\" and it's called \"Wyoming\" and it's called \"",
"Sky Murder, Spath, a Gangster, and Flight Command are uncredited.",
"There are links to births and deaths of male actors from New York City to Los Angeles."
] | <mask> (November 17, 1911 – December 2, 1976) was an American actor originally from New York City, who was best known for his role of Deputy Hal Norton in fifty-six episodes from 1956 to 1958 of the ABC/Desilu western television series, The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp. During the 1930s and 1940s, he was a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract player. Personal life
<mask> was the son of actor <mask>, and his brother, <mask>, was also an actor. He became active in drama — both acting and writing — while a student at Lawrenceville School. <mask> made his stage debut in a production of The Honor of the Family with the National Theatre troupe in Washington, D.C.
Television
<mask> was also cast as Gyp Clements in the 1955 episode "The Buntline Special" of The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp. Beginning on September 11, 1956, in the second season of the series, with the setting moved from Wichita to Dodge City, Kansas, <mask> filled the Hal Norton role. His earliest episodes were "Fight or Run", "The Double Life of Dora Hand" and "Clay Allison", the latter two based on historical figures, the saloon singer and actor Dora Hand and the gunfighter Clay Allison.Some of his appearances were uncredited. His last credited role was "Doc Holliday Rewrites History" (May 6, 1958), with Myron Healey as the frontier gunfighter and dentist Doc Holliday. His last uncredited roles aired thereafter in May and June 1958, "Dig a Grave for Ben Thompson", based on the historical figure Ben Thompson played by Denver Pyle, "Frame-up", and "My Husband". He was cast as Ike Clanton, not on The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp, but in the 1964 episode "After the OK Corral" of the syndicated western anthology series, Death Valley Days. Jim Davis portrayed Wyatt Earp in this particular episode. Tannen appeared twice, one role uncredited in Davis' earlier syndicated western series, Stories of the Century, including the role of Dutch Charlie in "Milt Sharp", the story of the stagecoach robber Milt Sharp. Other roles
<mask>'s first credited role was as Luther Botts in 1934 in the film short, "My Grandfather's Clock."Most of his early film roles were uncredited. He became a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract player during the 1930s and '40s, where he appeared often uncredited in bit parts and smaller roles. In 1954, he played Emmett Dalton in the film, Jesse James vs. the Daltons. Brett King played the role of Joe Branch, reputed son of Jesse James in this historically inaccurate picture. That same year, <mask> played O'Connor in the film Sitting Bull, with J. Carrol Naish in the title role. and Iron Eyes Cody as Crazy Horse, and also starring Dale Robertson. Tannen appeared in many other westerns too, either as a guest star once or multiple times.He was cast eight times on The Roy Rogers Show and Daniel Boone, seven times on The Adventures of Kit Carson, six times on Annie Oakley, five times on Rawhide and Tales of Wells Fargo, four times on Bat Masterson, Bonanza, and The High Chaparral, three times on The Lone Ranger, The Cisco Kid, Wagon Train, and The Virginian, and twice on Gunsmoke, The Adventures of Wild Bill Hickok, and The Adventures of Champion. On May 1, 1960, Tannen portrayed Jim Ashbury in the episode "Backwater Swamp" of the ABC/Warner Brothers western series, Sugarfoot, starring Will Hutchins in the title role. James Coburn, Robert Colbert , and Kevin Hagen appeared in this episode as Rome Morgan, Ben Crain, and Sam Fields, respectively. While most of Tannen's work was in westerns he was cast as a colonel in an episode of the ABC situation comedy My Three Sons, starring Fred MacMurray, a newscaster in a 1962 episode of the short-lived NBC drama series, Saints and Sinners and in three episodes in 1960, 1964, and 1966 of CBS's Perry Mason, starring Raymond Burr in the title role. He also appeared with Mike Connors in the 1959 episode "The Cracking Point" of the CBS series Tightrope, in the ABC series, Target: The Corruptors!, and in two episodes of The Detectives, starring Robert Taylor. His last role was in 1969 as a minister in the episode "Little Darling of the Sierras" of the CBS western series, Lancer (TV series), starring Andrew Duggan, James Stacy, Wayne Maunder, and Paul Brinegar, who had appeared with him a decade earlier on episodes of The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp in the role of the historical figure, James H. "Dog" Kelley. (voice, uncredited)
Sporting Blood (1940) - Ted Milner (uncredited)
I Love You Again (1940) - Hotel Clerk (uncredited)
Boom Town (1940) - Hotel Desk Clerk #1 (uncredited)
Wyoming (1940) - Sgt.Reynolds (uncredited)
Sky Murder (1940) - Gus
Gallant Sons (1940) - Spath, a Gangster (uncredited)
Flight Command (1940) - Lieut. (1969) - Man in Saloon (uncredited)
References
External links
1911 births
1976 deaths
Male actors from New York City
American male film actors
American male television actors
Television personalities from Los Angeles
20th-century American male actors | [
"William Tannen",
"Tannen",
"Julius Tannen",
"Charles Tannen",
"Stage Tannen",
"Tannen",
"Tannen",
"Tannen",
"Tannen"
] | <mask> in fifty-six episodes of the ABC/Desilu western television series, The Life and Legend of Wyatt. He was a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract player during the 1930s and 1940s. <mask> was an actor, as was his brother, <mask>. While a student at the Lawrenceville School, he became active in both acting and writing. <mask> made his stage debut in a production of The Honor of the Family with the National Theatre troupe in Washington, D.C. <mask> played HalNorton in the second season of the series, which was set in Dodge City, Kansas. His first three episodes were "Fight or Run", "The Double Life of Dora Hand" and "Clay Allison", all based on historical figures, the saloon singer and actor Dora Hand and the gunfighter Clay Allison.Some of his appearances were not credited. Myron Healey was credited as the frontier gunfighter and dentist in "Doc Holliday Rewrites History", his last credited role. "My Husband", "Frame-up", and "Dig a Grave for Ben Thompson" were his last uncredited roles. In the 1964 episode "After the OK Corral" of Death Valley Days, he was cast as Ike Clanton, not on The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp. Jim Davis played the role of Earp in this episode. <mask> played the role of Dutch Charlie in "Milt Sharp", the story of the stagecoach robber, in Davis' earlier syndicated western series, Stories of the Century. In 1934, <mask>'s first credited role was as Luther Botts in "My Grandfather's Clock."His early film roles were uncredited. He became a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract player in the 1930s and '40s and appeared in bit parts and smaller roles. The film Jesse James vs. the Daltons was filmed in 1954. Joe Branch is reputed to be the son of Jesse James. <mask> played O'Connor in the film Sitting Bull. Dale Robertson is also starring as Crazy Horse. Tannen was a guest star in many westerns.He was cast eight times on The Roy Rogers Show, seven times on The Adventures of Kit Carson, six times on Annie Oakley, five times on Rawhide, and four times on Bat Masterson. On May 1, 1960, Tannen played Jim Ashbury in the episode " Backwater Swamp" of the ABC/Warner Brothers western series, Sugarfoot. Rome Morgan, Ben Crain, and Sam Fields were played by James Coburn, Robert Colbert, and Kevin Hagen. While most of <mask>'s work was in westerns, he was cast as a colonel in an episode of the ABC situation comedy My Three Sons, starring Fred MacMurray, a newscaster. He was in the 1959 episode "The Cracking Point" of the CBS series Tightrope, in the ABC series Target: The Corruptors!, and in two episodes of The Detectives with Robert Taylor. His last role was in 1969 as a minister in an episode of the CBS western series, "Little Darling of the Sierras", which starred Andrew Duggan, James Stacy, Wayne Maunder, and Paul Brinegar. The voice is uncredited and it's called "Sporting Blood" and it's called "I Love You Again" and it's called " Hotel Clerk" and it's called "Boom Town" and it's called "Wyoming" and it's called "Sky Murder, Spath, a Gangster, and Flight Command are uncredited. There are links to births and deaths of male actors from New York City to Los Angeles. | [
"William TannenDeputy HalNorton",
"Julius Tannen",
"Charles Tannen",
"Stage Tannen",
"Tannen",
"Tannen",
"Tannen",
"Tannen",
"Tannen"
] |
3760653 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang%20Jun%20%28prince%29 | Zhang Jun (prince) | Zhang Jun (張駿 Zhāng Jùn; 307–346), courtesy name Gongting (公庭), formally Duke Zhongcheng of Xiping (西平忠成公, posthumous name given by Jin Dynasty (266–420)) or Duke Wen of Xiping (西平文公, posthumous name used internally in Former Liang) was a ruler of the Chinese state Former Liang. During his reign, he at times used the Jin-created title of Duke of Xiping, but when forced to submit to Han Zhao and Later Zhao, he used the title Prince of Liang. Late in his reign, even when not under Later Zhao's pressure, he claimed the title of "Acting Prince of Liang." During the brief reign of his son Zhang Zuo, he was honored as Prince Wen of Liang (涼文王). The Book of Jin describes Zhang Jun as having an extraordinary appearance and was talented at literature, however he was also an extravagant and dissipated man.
Early life
Zhang Jun was the son of Zhang Shi (張寔), the Jin governor of Liang Province (涼州, modern central and western Gansu) and the Duke of Xiping. In 320, Zhang Shi was assassinated by his guards Yan She (閻涉) and Zhao Ang (趙卬), who were followers of the magician Liu Hong (劉弘), who had falsely prophesied that he would be the ruler of Liang Province. Zhang Shi's brother Zhang Mao captured and executed Liu and his followers. Because Zhang Jun was still young (aged 13) at the time, Zhang Shi's subordinates requested that Zhang Mao take over the governorship. (Because Zhang Mao also declared a general pardon at the time, a power normally reserved for an emperor, this was often viewed as the date of Former Liang's independence from Jin.) Zhang Mao made Zhang Jun a general, and later in the year named him his heir. In 324, Zhang Mao died, and Zhang Jun succeeded him. Because Zhang Mao had previously been forced to submit to Han Zhao and was given the title the Prince of Liang, Zhang Jun carried that title as well, even though internally he used the Jin-vested title of Duke of Xiping.
Early reign
In 326, Zhang Jun, in fear of Han Zhao, forcibly relocated the people of Longxi (隴西) and Nan'an (南安, collectively roughly Dingxi, Gansu) Commanderies to the capital Guzang (姑臧, in modern Wuwei, Gansu). He also sought peace with Cheng Han's emperor Li Xiong and further tried to persuade Li Xiong to become a Jin vassal. Li Xiong agreed to peace and further did not completely rebuff Zhang Jun's overture, but also did not actually become a Jin vassal.
In 327, after hearing news that Han Zhao had suffered losses at Later Zhao's hands, Zhang Jun disavowed all titles granted by Han Zhao and returned to Jin titles, and attacked Han Zhao's Qin Province (秦州, modern eastern Gansu). Han Zhao's prince Liu Yin counterattacked, and, after defeating Former Liang general Han Pu (韓璞), captured all Former Liang territory south of the Yellow River and further crossed the river, but did not advance further. However, Zhang Jun did not resubmit to Han Zhao. As Han Zhao disintegrated and fell to Later Zhao in 329 after its emperor Liu Yao was captured by Later Zhao forces, Former Liang took the opportunity to regain lands south of the Yellow River. In 330, Later Zhao's emperor Shi Le sent messengers to persuade Former Liang to submit (by granting him honors, including the nine bestowments), but Zhang Jun refused and detained Shi Le's messengers. Later in the year, however, after Later Zhao's general Shi Sheng (石生) the Prince of Hedong defeated the nearby Xiongnu chieftain Shi Qiang (石羌), Zhang Jun became apprehensive and submitted to Later Zhao.
In 333, in the aftermaths of Shi Le's death and the coup by his nephew Shi Hu, a number of Later Zhao generals rebelled and tried to seek Jin and Former Liang assistance. Former Liang tried to ally itself with one of these generals, the Di chief Pu Hong (蒲洪). However, in light of Shi Hu's victory over most of the other generals, Pu soon submitted to Shi Hu. Shi Hu, however, did not appear to consider attacking Former Liang, and, not having to fight Later Zhao for years, by 335 Zhang Jun's domain was described as being so rich and strong and under his capable leadership that it also became overlord over a number of Xiyu (西域, collective name for modern Xinjiang and former Soviet central Asia) kingdoms, which offered tribute to Zhang Jun. He submitted a plan to Emperor Cheng of Jin requesting to attack Later Zhao and/or Cheng Han jointly with Jin forces, but the plan was not acted upon by Emperor Cheng.
Late reign
In 339, Zhang Jun transferred some of his authorities to his heir apparent, Zhang Chonghua. In 340, he offered tribute to Shi Hu, but in his petition he used arrogant words. Shi Hu was angered and wanted to kill his messenger, but Shi Hu's official Shi Pu (石璞) was able to persuade him to overlook Zhang Jun's arrogance.
In 344, a battle between Former Liang and Later Zhao forces was mentioned, perhaps indicating that the relationship was not as peaceful as before.
In early 346, Zhang Jun attacked the Xiyu kingdom Yanqi (焉耆, in modern Bayin'gholin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang), and Yanqui submitted to him. By this point, he was described as having taken the title Acting Prince of Liang (假涼王) and using styles that were usually reserved for emperors.
In summer 346, Zhang Jun died, and was succeeded by his heir apparent Zhang Chonghua.
Era name?
Most historical sources indicate that Zhang Jun, like his father Zhang Shi and his uncle Zhang Mao, continued to use Emperor Min of Jin's era name Jianxing (both to show continued allegiance to Jin and to distance himself from Emperor Yuan of Jin and his line) but some sources indicate that he changed era name to Taiyuan (太元 tài yuán 324–346). A current theory is that his era name was used internally while the Jianxing era name was used when communicating with other states.
Personal information
Father
Zhang Shi, Duke Yuan of Xiping
Wife
Princess Yan
Major Concubines
Lady Ma, mother of Zhang Chonghua
Mother of Zhang Tianxi, variously reported as Lady Liu or Lady Yan
Children
Zhang Zuo (張祚), the Marquess of Changning, later Prince Wei
Zhang Chonghua (張重華), the heir apparent, later Duke Jinglie
Zhang Tianxi (張天錫), the Marquess of Changning (created 354), later Duke Dao
References
Former Zhao people
Later Zhao people
4th-century Chinese monarchs
Former Liang rulers
307 births
346 deaths | [
"Zhang Jun (張駿 Zhāng Jùn; 307–346), courtesy name Gongting (公庭), formally Duke Zhongcheng of Xiping (西平忠成公, posthumous name given by Jin Dynasty (266–420)) or Duke Wen of Xiping (西平文公, posthumous name used internally in Former Liang) was a ruler of the Chinese state Former Liang.",
"During his reign, he at times used the Jin-created title of Duke of Xiping, but when forced to submit to Han Zhao and Later Zhao, he used the title Prince of Liang.",
"Late in his reign, even when not under Later Zhao's pressure, he claimed the title of \"Acting Prince of Liang.\"",
"During the brief reign of his son Zhang Zuo, he was honored as Prince Wen of Liang (涼文王).",
"The Book of Jin describes Zhang Jun as having an extraordinary appearance and was talented at literature, however he was also an extravagant and dissipated man.",
"Early life \nZhang Jun was the son of Zhang Shi (張寔), the Jin governor of Liang Province (涼州, modern central and western Gansu) and the Duke of Xiping.",
"In 320, Zhang Shi was assassinated by his guards Yan She (閻涉) and Zhao Ang (趙卬), who were followers of the magician Liu Hong (劉弘), who had falsely prophesied that he would be the ruler of Liang Province.",
"Zhang Shi's brother Zhang Mao captured and executed Liu and his followers.",
"Because Zhang Jun was still young (aged 13) at the time, Zhang Shi's subordinates requested that Zhang Mao take over the governorship.",
"(Because Zhang Mao also declared a general pardon at the time, a power normally reserved for an emperor, this was often viewed as the date of Former Liang's independence from Jin.)",
"Zhang Mao made Zhang Jun a general, and later in the year named him his heir.",
"In 324, Zhang Mao died, and Zhang Jun succeeded him.",
"Because Zhang Mao had previously been forced to submit to Han Zhao and was given the title the Prince of Liang, Zhang Jun carried that title as well, even though internally he used the Jin-vested title of Duke of Xiping.",
"Early reign \nIn 326, Zhang Jun, in fear of Han Zhao, forcibly relocated the people of Longxi (隴西) and Nan'an (南安, collectively roughly Dingxi, Gansu) Commanderies to the capital Guzang (姑臧, in modern Wuwei, Gansu).",
"He also sought peace with Cheng Han's emperor Li Xiong and further tried to persuade Li Xiong to become a Jin vassal.",
"Li Xiong agreed to peace and further did not completely rebuff Zhang Jun's overture, but also did not actually become a Jin vassal.",
"In 327, after hearing news that Han Zhao had suffered losses at Later Zhao's hands, Zhang Jun disavowed all titles granted by Han Zhao and returned to Jin titles, and attacked Han Zhao's Qin Province (秦州, modern eastern Gansu).",
"Han Zhao's prince Liu Yin counterattacked, and, after defeating Former Liang general Han Pu (韓璞), captured all Former Liang territory south of the Yellow River and further crossed the river, but did not advance further.",
"However, Zhang Jun did not resubmit to Han Zhao.",
"As Han Zhao disintegrated and fell to Later Zhao in 329 after its emperor Liu Yao was captured by Later Zhao forces, Former Liang took the opportunity to regain lands south of the Yellow River.",
"In 330, Later Zhao's emperor Shi Le sent messengers to persuade Former Liang to submit (by granting him honors, including the nine bestowments), but Zhang Jun refused and detained Shi Le's messengers.",
"Later in the year, however, after Later Zhao's general Shi Sheng (石生) the Prince of Hedong defeated the nearby Xiongnu chieftain Shi Qiang (石羌), Zhang Jun became apprehensive and submitted to Later Zhao.",
"In 333, in the aftermaths of Shi Le's death and the coup by his nephew Shi Hu, a number of Later Zhao generals rebelled and tried to seek Jin and Former Liang assistance.",
"Former Liang tried to ally itself with one of these generals, the Di chief Pu Hong (蒲洪).",
"However, in light of Shi Hu's victory over most of the other generals, Pu soon submitted to Shi Hu.",
"Shi Hu, however, did not appear to consider attacking Former Liang, and, not having to fight Later Zhao for years, by 335 Zhang Jun's domain was described as being so rich and strong and under his capable leadership that it also became overlord over a number of Xiyu (西域, collective name for modern Xinjiang and former Soviet central Asia) kingdoms, which offered tribute to Zhang Jun.",
"He submitted a plan to Emperor Cheng of Jin requesting to attack Later Zhao and/or Cheng Han jointly with Jin forces, but the plan was not acted upon by Emperor Cheng.",
"Late reign \nIn 339, Zhang Jun transferred some of his authorities to his heir apparent, Zhang Chonghua.",
"In 340, he offered tribute to Shi Hu, but in his petition he used arrogant words.",
"Shi Hu was angered and wanted to kill his messenger, but Shi Hu's official Shi Pu (石璞) was able to persuade him to overlook Zhang Jun's arrogance.",
"In 344, a battle between Former Liang and Later Zhao forces was mentioned, perhaps indicating that the relationship was not as peaceful as before.",
"In early 346, Zhang Jun attacked the Xiyu kingdom Yanqi (焉耆, in modern Bayin'gholin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang), and Yanqui submitted to him.",
"By this point, he was described as having taken the title Acting Prince of Liang (假涼王) and using styles that were usually reserved for emperors.",
"In summer 346, Zhang Jun died, and was succeeded by his heir apparent Zhang Chonghua.",
"Era name?",
"Most historical sources indicate that Zhang Jun, like his father Zhang Shi and his uncle Zhang Mao, continued to use Emperor Min of Jin's era name Jianxing (both to show continued allegiance to Jin and to distance himself from Emperor Yuan of Jin and his line) but some sources indicate that he changed era name to Taiyuan (太元 tài yuán 324–346).",
"A current theory is that his era name was used internally while the Jianxing era name was used when communicating with other states.",
"Personal information \n Father\n Zhang Shi, Duke Yuan of Xiping\n Wife\n Princess Yan\n Major Concubines\n Lady Ma, mother of Zhang Chonghua\n Mother of Zhang Tianxi, variously reported as Lady Liu or Lady Yan\n Children\n Zhang Zuo (張祚), the Marquess of Changning, later Prince Wei\n Zhang Chonghua (張重華), the heir apparent, later Duke Jinglie\n Zhang Tianxi (張天錫), the Marquess of Changning (created 354), later Duke Dao\n\nReferences\n\nFormer Zhao people\nLater Zhao people\n4th-century Chinese monarchs\nFormer Liang rulers\n307 births\n346 deaths"
] | [
"Duke Jun ( Zhng Jn; 307–346) is a posthumous name given by the Jin Dynasty.",
"He at times used the Jin-created title of Duke of Xiping, but when he was forced to submit, he used the title Prince of Liang.",
"He claimed the title of \"Acting Prince of Liang\" late in his reign.",
"During the brief reign of his son, he was honored as a prince.",
"The Book of Jin states thatZhang Jun had an extraordinary appearance and was talented at literature, but he 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110",
"Zhang Jun was the son of the Jin governor of Liang Province and the Duke of Xiping.",
"Shi Zhang was assassinated in 320 by his guards, who were followers of a magician who had prophesied that he would be the ruler of the province.",
"The brother of a man captured and executed a man.",
"At the time, Zhang Jun was 13 years old, and his subordinates wanted him to take over the governorship.",
"The date of Former Liang's independence from Jin was often viewed as the day when a general pardon was declared by Zhang Mao, a power normally reserved for an emperor.",
"The heir to the throne was named after Zhang Jun, who was made a general.",
"Mao died andZhang Jun succeeded him.",
"Even though he used the Jin-vested title of Duke of Xiping,Zhang Jun carried the title of Prince of Liang even though he had previously been forced to submit to Han Zhao.",
"The people of Longxi and Nan'an were relocated to the capital Guzang in fear of Han Zhao.",
"He tried to get Cheng Han's emperor Li Xiong to become a Jin vassal.",
"Li Xiong agreed to peace, but did not completely reject Zhang Jun's overture, but did not actually become a Jin vassal.",
"In 327, after hearing news that Han Zhao had suffered losses at Later Zhao's hands,Zhang Jun repudiated all titles granted by Han Zhao and returned to Jin titles.",
"After defeating Han Pu, the prince of Han Zhao's was able to capture all of the former Liang territory south of the Yellow River.",
"Zhang Jun didn't try to get in touch with Han Zhao.",
"After the fall of Han Zhao to Later Zhao in 329, former Liang took the opportunity to regain lands south of the Yellow River.",
"In 330, After Zhao's emperor Shi Le sent messengers to persuade Former Liang to submit, but he was refused and imprisoned by Zhang Jun.",
"Later in the year, after Later Zhao's general Shi Sheng defeated the nearby Xiongnu chieftain Shi Qiang, Zhang Jun became fearful and submitted to Later Zhao.",
"In the aftermath of Shi Le's death and the coup by his nephew Shi Hu, a number of Later Zhao generals rebelled and tried to seek Jin and Former Liang assistance.",
"One of the generals was the Di chief Pu Hong.",
"Pu submitted to Shi Hu because of Shi Hu's victory over most of the other generals.",
"The domain of Zhang Jun was described as being so rich and strong that it became overlord over a number of Xiyu.",
"The plan he submitted to Emperor Cheng of Jin was not acted upon.",
"Zhang Jun transferred some of his authorities to his heir apparent.",
"He used arrogant words in his petition, but he offered tribute to Shi Hu.",
"Shi Hu was angry and wanted to kill his messenger, but Shi Pu was able to convince him to overlook his arrogance.",
"The relationship was not as peaceful as before, as evidenced by the mention of a battle between Former Liang and Later Zhao forces.",
"There was an attack on the Xiyu kingdom in early .",
"He had taken the title of acting prince and used styles that were usually reserved for emperors.",
"Zhang Jun died in the summer of 343 and was succeeded by his heir apparent.",
"Era name?",
"According to most historical sources, Zhang Jun continued to use Emperor Min of Jin's era name to show his continued loyalty to Jin and to distance himself from Emperor Yuan of Jin and his line.",
"The current theory is that his era name was used internally while the Jianxing era name was used when communicating with other states.",
"Lady Ma, mother of the mother of the mother of the mother of the father of the father of the father of the father of the father of the father of the father of the father of the father of the father of the father of the father of the father of the father of the father"
] | <mask> (張駿 Zhāng Jùn; 307–346), courtesy name Gongting (公庭), formally Duke Zhongcheng of Xiping (西平忠成公, posthumous name given by Jin Dynasty (266–420)) or Duke Wen of Xiping (西平文公, posthumous name used internally in Former Liang) was a ruler of the Chinese state Former Liang. During his reign, he at times used the Jin-created title of Duke of Xiping, but when forced to submit to Han Zhao and Later Zhao, he used the title Prince of Liang. Late in his reign, even when not under Later Zhao's pressure, he claimed the title of "Acting Prince of Liang." During the brief reign of his son <mask>, he was honored as Prince Wen of Liang (涼文王). The Book of Jin describes <mask> as having an extraordinary appearance and was talented at literature, however he was also an extravagant and dissipated man. Early life
<mask> was the son of <mask> (張寔), the Jin governor of Liang Province (涼州, modern central and western Gansu) and the Duke of Xiping. In 320, <mask> was assassinated by his guards Yan She (閻涉) and Zhao Ang (趙卬), who were followers of the magician Liu Hong (劉弘), who had falsely prophesied that he would be the ruler of Liang Province.<mask>'s brother <mask> captured and executed Liu and his followers. Because <mask> was still young (aged 13) at the time, <mask>'s subordinates requested that <mask> take over the governorship. (Because <mask> also declared a general pardon at the time, a power normally reserved for an emperor, this was often viewed as the date of Former Liang's independence from Jin.) <mask> made <mask> a general, and later in the year named him his heir. In 324, <mask> died, and <mask> succeeded him. Because <mask> had previously been forced to submit to Han Zhao and was given the title the Prince of Liang, <mask> carried that title as well, even though internally he used the Jin-vested title of Duke of Xiping. Early reign
In 326, <mask>, in fear of Han Zhao, forcibly relocated the people of Longxi (隴西) and Nan'an (南安, collectively roughly Dingxi, Gansu) Commanderies to the capital Guzang (姑臧, in modern Wuwei, Gansu).He also sought peace with Cheng Han's emperor Li Xiong and further tried to persuade Li Xiong to become a Jin vassal. Li Xiong agreed to peace and further did not completely rebuff <mask>'s overture, but also did not actually become a Jin vassal. In 327, after hearing news that Han Zhao had suffered losses at Later Zhao's hands, <mask> disavowed all titles granted by Han Zhao and returned to Jin titles, and attacked Han Zhao's Qin Province (秦州, modern eastern Gansu). Han Zhao's prince Liu Yin counterattacked, and, after defeating Former Liang general Han Pu (韓璞), captured all Former Liang territory south of the Yellow River and further crossed the river, but did not advance further. However, <mask> did not resubmit to Han Zhao. As Han Zhao disintegrated and fell to Later Zhao in 329 after its emperor Liu Yao was captured by Later Zhao forces, Former Liang took the opportunity to regain lands south of the Yellow River. In 330, Later Zhao's emperor Shi Le sent messengers to persuade Former Liang to submit (by granting him honors, including the nine bestowments), but <mask> refused and detained Shi Le's messengers.Later in the year, however, after Later Zhao's general Shi Sheng (石生) the Prince of Hedong defeated the nearby Xiongnu chieftain Shi Qiang (石羌), <mask> became apprehensive and submitted to Later Zhao. In 333, in the aftermaths of Shi Le's death and the coup by his nephew Shi Hu, a number of Later Zhao generals rebelled and tried to seek Jin and Former Liang assistance. Former Liang tried to ally itself with one of these generals, the Di chief Pu Hong (蒲洪). However, in light of Shi Hu's victory over most of the other generals, Pu soon submitted to Shi Hu. Shi Hu, however, did not appear to consider attacking Former Liang, and, not having to fight Later Zhao for years, by 335 <mask>'s domain was described as being so rich and strong and under his capable leadership that it also became overlord over a number of Xiyu (西域, collective name for modern Xinjiang and former Soviet central Asia) kingdoms, which offered tribute to <mask>. He submitted a plan to Emperor Cheng of Jin requesting to attack Later Zhao and/or Cheng Han jointly with Jin forces, but the plan was not acted upon by Emperor Cheng. Late reign
In 339, <mask> transferred some of his authorities to his heir apparent, <mask>hua.In 340, he offered tribute to Shi Hu, but in his petition he used arrogant words. Shi Hu was angered and wanted to kill his messenger, but Shi Hu's official Shi Pu (石璞) was able to persuade him to overlook <mask>'s arrogance. In 344, a battle between Former Liang and Later Zhao forces was mentioned, perhaps indicating that the relationship was not as peaceful as before. In early 346, <mask> attacked the Xiyu kingdom Yanqi (焉耆, in modern Bayin'gholin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang), and Yanqui submitted to him. By this point, he was described as having taken the title Acting Prince of Liang (假涼王) and using styles that were usually reserved for emperors. In summer 346, <mask> died, and was succeeded by his heir apparent <mask>. Era name?Most historical sources indicate that <mask>, like his father <mask> and his uncle <mask>, continued to use Emperor Min of Jin's era name Jianxing (both to show continued allegiance to Jin and to distance himself from Emperor Yuan of Jin and his line) but some sources indicate that he changed era name to Taiyuan (太元 tài yuán 324–346). A current theory is that his era name was used internally while the Jianxing era name was used when communicating with other states. Personal information
Father
<mask>, Duke Yuan of Xiping
Wife
Princess Yan
Major Concubines
Lady Ma, mother of <mask>hua
Mother of <mask>, variously reported as Lady Liu or Lady Yan
Children
<mask> (張祚), the Marquess of Changning, later Prince Wei
<mask> (張重華), the heir apparent, later Duke Jinglie
<mask> (張天錫), the Marquess of Changning (created 354), later Duke Dao
References
Former Zhao people
Later Zhao people
4th-century Chinese monarchs
Former Liang rulers
307 births
346 deaths | [
"Zhang Jun",
"Zhang Zuo",
"Zhang Jun",
"Zhang Jun",
"Zhang Shi",
"Zhang Shi",
"Zhang Shi",
"Zhang Mao",
"Zhang Jun",
"Zhang Shi",
"Zhang Mao",
"Zhang Mao",
"Zhang Mao",
"Zhang Jun",
"Zhang Mao",
"Zhang Jun",
"Zhang Mao",
"Zhang Jun",
"Zhang Jun",
"Zhang Jun",
"Zhang Jun",
"Zhang Jun",
"Zhang Jun",
"Zhang Jun",
"Zhang Jun",
"Zhang Jun",
"Zhang Jun",
"Zhang Chong",
"Zhang Jun",
"Zhang Jun",
"Zhang Jun",
"Zhang Chonghua",
"Zhang Jun",
"Zhang Shi",
"Zhang Mao",
"Zhang Shi",
"Zhang Chong",
"Zhang Tianxi",
"Zhang Zuo",
"Zhang Chonghua",
"Zhang Tianxi"
] | Duke <mask> ( Zhng Jn; 307–346) is a posthumous name given by the Jin Dynasty. He at times used the Jin-created title of Duke of Xiping, but when he was forced to submit, he used the title <mask> had an extraordinary appearance and was talented at literature, but he 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 <mask> was the son of the Jin governor of Liang Province and the Duke of Xiping. <mask> was assassinated in 320 by his guards, who were followers of a magician who had prophesied that he would be the ruler of the province.The brother of a man captured and executed a man. At the time, <mask> was 13 years old, and his subordinates wanted him to take over the governorship. The date of Former Liang's independence from Jin was often viewed as the day when a general pardon was declared by <mask>, a power normally reserved for an emperor. The heir to the throne was named after <mask>, who was made a general. <mask> <mask> succeeded him. Even though he used the Jin-vested title of Duke of Xiping,<mask> carried the title of Prince of Liang even though he had previously been forced to submit to Han Zhao. The people of Longxi and Nan'an were relocated to the capital Guzang in fear of Han Zhao.He tried to get Cheng Han's emperor Li Xiong to become a Jin vassal. Li Xiong agreed to peace, but did not completely reject <mask>'s overture, but did not actually become a Jin vassal. In 327, after hearing news that Han Zhao had suffered losses at Later Zhao's hands,<mask> repudiated all titles granted by Han Zhao and returned to Jin titles. After defeating Han Pu, the prince of Han Zhao's was able to capture all of the former Liang territory south of the Yellow River. <mask> didn't try to get in touch with Han Zhao. After the fall of Han Zhao to Later Zhao in 329, former Liang took the opportunity to regain lands south of the Yellow River. In 330, After Zhao's emperor Shi Le sent messengers to persuade Former Liang to submit, but he was refused and imprisoned by <mask>.Later in the year, after Later Zhao's general Shi Sheng defeated the nearby Xiongnu chieftain Shi Qiang, <mask> became fearful and submitted to Later Zhao. In the aftermath of Shi Le's death and the coup by his nephew Shi Hu, a number of Later Zhao generals rebelled and tried to seek Jin and Former Liang assistance. One of the generals was the Di chief Pu Hong. Pu submitted to Shi Hu because of Shi Hu's victory over most of the other generals. The domain of <mask> was described as being so rich and strong that it became overlord over a number of Xiyu. The plan he submitted to Emperor Cheng of Jin was not acted upon. <mask> transferred some of his authorities to his heir apparent.He used arrogant words in his petition, but he offered tribute to Shi Hu. Shi Hu was angry and wanted to kill his messenger, but Shi Pu was able to convince him to overlook his arrogance. The relationship was not as peaceful as before, as evidenced by the mention of a battle between Former Liang and Later Zhao forces. There was an attack on the Xiyu kingdom in early . He had taken the title of acting prince and used styles that were usually reserved for emperors. <mask> died in the summer of 343 and was succeeded by his heir apparent. Era name?According to most historical sources, <mask> continued to use Emperor Min of Jin's era name to show his continued loyalty to Jin and to distance himself from Emperor Yuan of Jin and his line. The current theory is that his era name was used internally while the Jianxing era name was used when communicating with other states. Lady Ma, mother of the mother of the mother of the mother of the father of the father of the father of the father of the father of the father of the father of the father of the father of the father of the father of the father of the father of the father of the father | [
"Jun",
"PrinceZhang Jun",
"Zhang Jun",
"Shi Zhang",
"Zhang Jun",
"Zhang Mao",
"Zhang Jun",
"MaoZhang",
"Jun",
"Zhang Jun",
"Zhang Jun",
"Zhang Jun",
"Zhang Jun",
"Zhang Jun",
"Zhang Jun",
"Zhang Jun",
"Zhang Jun",
"Zhang Jun",
"Zhang Jun"
] |
47413652 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denny%20Emerson | Denny Emerson | Denny Emerson (born August 20, 1941) is an American equestrian. He is the only equestrian to have won both an international gold medal in eventing and a Tevis Cup buckle in endurance. In 1972, Emerson was named United States Eventing Association's Rider of the Year. He was a member of the United States Three Day Eventing Team that won the gold medal at the 1974 Eventing World Championships. As of 2015, Emerson operates as a clinician and trainer. He is a regular contributor to The Chronicle of the Horses "Between Rounds" column. He and his wife, May Emerson, run Tamarack Hill Farms in Strafford, Vermont and Southern Pines, North Carolina.
Riding career
Emerson grew up in Massachusetts and began riding around the age of nine at the Stoneleigh-Burnham School in Greenfield, Massachusetts, where his father was headmaster. Emerson began competing in gymkhanas in 1954, at the age of 12. At the age of 15 he rode in his first 100-mile endurance ride at the Green Mountain Horse Association (GMHA) in South Woodstock, Vermont. He began eventing in 1961 at the age of 20. His first event was a preliminary three-day at GMHA.
In 1965 Emerson moved up to the Intermediate Level on his first event horse Lighting Magic, and by 1971 he had moved up to the Advanced Level on Cat. Emerson and Cat competed in their first advanced three-day at Dunham, Quebec.
In 1972, Emerson was named the United States Eventing Association's Rider of the Year. Two years later, in 1974, Emerson and his part-Morgan horse, Viktor Dakin, rode a clean cross country round at the Burghley Horse Trials World Championship Three Day Event, that helped secure a team gold medal for the United States Eventing Team. The team included Bruce Davidson on Irish Cap, Michael Plumb on Good Mixture and Don Sachey on Plain Sailing. In 1976 Emerson and Viktor Dakin were named to the reserve team for the 1976 Montreal Olympics at Bromont. Viktor Dakin had strained a ligament just before the competition. That same year Emerson and Viktor Dakin won the National Three Day Event Championships at Radnor.
Emerson won the National Three Day Event Championship again in 1979 at Chesterland riding York. York was then named USEA's 1979 "Horse of the Year". In 1982 Emerson placed fourth at the US National Three Day Event at Chesterland, riding Farnley Rob Roy. In 1992, Emerson won the Bromont CCI** event. Emerson competed at his final advanced three day at Groton House Farm in South Hamilton, Massachusetts in 1999 at the age of 58. His advanced career lasted 29 seasons.
In 2004 Emerson earned a Tevis Cup buckle for completing the 50th Anniversary of the Western States Trail Ride, a 100-mile endurance race. Emerson has also shown Morgan Horses, and competed in dressage and jumper shows.
In 2011 Emerson completed his 50th consecutive season as an entry in the Preliminary or Federation Equestre Internationale (FEI) CCI* level. That same year, however, Emerson broke his C1 vertebrae after falling during the cross country phase of an event at the Stoneleigh-Burnham School Horse Trials in late July. Emerson made a full recovery and, as of 2015, continues to regularly school horses and compete in both jumper and dressage shows.
Emerson served as USEA president from 1982-1984 and again from 1991-1992. He also served as the United States Equestrian Team's Vice President of Eventing for seven years, and was a member of the United States Eventing Association's Executive Committee, and the Chairman of the Breeder's Committee of the American Horse Show Association (AHSA).
As of 2015, Emerson operates as a trainer and clinician. Former pupils include Kelli McMullen Temple, a member of Canada's equestrian team at the 1996 Summer Olympics; Dorothy Trapp, the 1994 Individual World Championship silver medalist; David O'Brien, the 1996 winner of Bromont; and Nancy Bliss, a team bronze medalist at the 1982 World Championships.
In 2004 Emerson hosted his first week long "Adult Camp" at his farm in Strafford, Vermont. The Adult Camp program expanded since its start, with programs being run throughout the year at both farm locations.
Personal life
Emerson and his wife, May, live on and run Tamarack Hill Farms in Strafford, Vermont and Southern Pines, North Carolina. They have owned the Vermont property since 1969. They have two sons, Rett and Jamie, and one granddaughter, Abigail.
Emerson graduated from Dartmouth College in 1963 with a degree in English. He later taught high school English in New Jersey and Vermont.
Emerson is a descendant of Revolutionary War General, Israel Putnam.
Honors and awards
1972 USEA's Rider of the Year
1984 "Wearers of the Green", Dartmouth College Athletic Hall of Fame, inductee
USEA Wofford Cup for lifetime service to eventing
1991 American Riding Instructor Certification Program (ARICP) Lifetime Achievement Award
1998 Ayers-Hammett Award by the Equestrian Medical Safety Association
1999 Equestrian Land Conservation Resource Anson Taylor Leadership Award
Named "One of the 50 most influential horsemen of the Twentieth Century" by The Chronicle of the Horse in 2000
2006 USEA Hall of Fame Inductee
Writing
Emerson has been a regular contributor to The Chronicle of the Horses "Between Round's" column since its inception in 1989. In conjunction with feature articles he authored, Emerson appeared on the cover of Practical Horseman magazine in 1982, 1991 and 1999. Emerson also wrote the forewords to Sally Swift's Centered riding; Priscilla Endicott's Taking Up the Reins; Donna Snyder-Smith's The All Around Horse and Rider; and the United States Combined Training Association's (USCTA) Book of Eventing. He has written chapters and sections to several books, including Riding For America; Burghley – The Three Day Event; Lexington, 1978; and Kentucky, Three Day Event.
In 2011 Emerson published his first book, How Good Riders Get Good, through Trafalgar Square Farm Books. The book centers on stories of 23 of the world's top riders from different equestrian disciplines and sports – including dressage, reining, driving, show jumping, endurance, hunter/jumper, and eventing – and how those included overcame significant challenges and setbacks to reach the top.
Breeding
Since the early 1970s the Emersons have kept stallions for stud. Their first was Core Buff, purchased in 1970. Some of their former and current stallions include Forfeit, Right of Light, O'Hara, Epic Win, Wintry Oak, Loyal Pal, Goliad, Not Surprised, Prussian Blue, Silver Comet, Reputed Testamony, Aberjack and Formula One.
References
External links
Tamarack Hill Farm on Facebook
American event riders
1941 births
Living people
American male equestrians
People from Strafford, Vermont
People from Southern Pines, North Carolina | [
"Denny Emerson (born August 20, 1941) is an American equestrian.",
"He is the only equestrian to have won both an international gold medal in eventing and a Tevis Cup buckle in endurance.",
"In 1972, Emerson was named United States Eventing Association's Rider of the Year.",
"He was a member of the United States Three Day Eventing Team that won the gold medal at the 1974 Eventing World Championships.",
"As of 2015, Emerson operates as a clinician and trainer.",
"He is a regular contributor to The Chronicle of the Horses \"Between Rounds\" column.",
"He and his wife, May Emerson, run Tamarack Hill Farms in Strafford, Vermont and Southern Pines, North Carolina.",
"Riding career\n Emerson grew up in Massachusetts and began riding around the age of nine at the Stoneleigh-Burnham School in Greenfield, Massachusetts, where his father was headmaster.",
"Emerson began competing in gymkhanas in 1954, at the age of 12.",
"At the age of 15 he rode in his first 100-mile endurance ride at the Green Mountain Horse Association (GMHA) in South Woodstock, Vermont.",
"He began eventing in 1961 at the age of 20.",
"His first event was a preliminary three-day at GMHA.",
"In 1965 Emerson moved up to the Intermediate Level on his first event horse Lighting Magic, and by 1971 he had moved up to the Advanced Level on Cat.",
"Emerson and Cat competed in their first advanced three-day at Dunham, Quebec.",
"In 1972, Emerson was named the United States Eventing Association's Rider of the Year.",
"Two years later, in 1974, Emerson and his part-Morgan horse, Viktor Dakin, rode a clean cross country round at the Burghley Horse Trials World Championship Three Day Event, that helped secure a team gold medal for the United States Eventing Team.",
"The team included Bruce Davidson on Irish Cap, Michael Plumb on Good Mixture and Don Sachey on Plain Sailing.",
"In 1976 Emerson and Viktor Dakin were named to the reserve team for the 1976 Montreal Olympics at Bromont.",
"Viktor Dakin had strained a ligament just before the competition.",
"That same year Emerson and Viktor Dakin won the National Three Day Event Championships at Radnor.",
"Emerson won the National Three Day Event Championship again in 1979 at Chesterland riding York.",
"York was then named USEA's 1979 \"Horse of the Year\".",
"In 1982 Emerson placed fourth at the US National Three Day Event at Chesterland, riding Farnley Rob Roy.",
"In 1992, Emerson won the Bromont CCI** event.",
"Emerson competed at his final advanced three day at Groton House Farm in South Hamilton, Massachusetts in 1999 at the age of 58.",
"His advanced career lasted 29 seasons.",
"In 2004 Emerson earned a Tevis Cup buckle for completing the 50th Anniversary of the Western States Trail Ride, a 100-mile endurance race.",
"Emerson has also shown Morgan Horses, and competed in dressage and jumper shows.",
"In 2011 Emerson completed his 50th consecutive season as an entry in the Preliminary or Federation Equestre Internationale (FEI) CCI* level.",
"That same year, however, Emerson broke his C1 vertebrae after falling during the cross country phase of an event at the Stoneleigh-Burnham School Horse Trials in late July.",
"Emerson made a full recovery and, as of 2015, continues to regularly school horses and compete in both jumper and dressage shows.",
"Emerson served as USEA president from 1982-1984 and again from 1991-1992.",
"He also served as the United States Equestrian Team's Vice President of Eventing for seven years, and was a member of the United States Eventing Association's Executive Committee, and the Chairman of the Breeder's Committee of the American Horse Show Association (AHSA).",
"As of 2015, Emerson operates as a trainer and clinician.",
"Former pupils include Kelli McMullen Temple, a member of Canada's equestrian team at the 1996 Summer Olympics; Dorothy Trapp, the 1994 Individual World Championship silver medalist; David O'Brien, the 1996 winner of Bromont; and Nancy Bliss, a team bronze medalist at the 1982 World Championships.",
"In 2004 Emerson hosted his first week long \"Adult Camp\" at his farm in Strafford, Vermont.",
"The Adult Camp program expanded since its start, with programs being run throughout the year at both farm locations.",
"Personal life\nEmerson and his wife, May, live on and run Tamarack Hill Farms in Strafford, Vermont and Southern Pines, North Carolina.",
"They have owned the Vermont property since 1969.",
"They have two sons, Rett and Jamie, and one granddaughter, Abigail.",
"Emerson graduated from Dartmouth College in 1963 with a degree in English.",
"He later taught high school English in New Jersey and Vermont.",
"Emerson is a descendant of Revolutionary War General, Israel Putnam.",
"Honors and awards\n1972 USEA's Rider of the Year\n1984 \"Wearers of the Green\", Dartmouth College Athletic Hall of Fame, inductee\nUSEA Wofford Cup for lifetime service to eventing\n1991 American Riding Instructor Certification Program (ARICP) Lifetime Achievement Award\n1998 Ayers-Hammett Award by the Equestrian Medical Safety Association\n1999 Equestrian Land Conservation Resource Anson Taylor Leadership Award\nNamed \"One of the 50 most influential horsemen of the Twentieth Century\" by The Chronicle of the Horse in 2000\n2006 USEA Hall of Fame Inductee\n\nWriting\nEmerson has been a regular contributor to The Chronicle of the Horses \"Between Round's\" column since its inception in 1989.",
"In conjunction with feature articles he authored, Emerson appeared on the cover of Practical Horseman magazine in 1982, 1991 and 1999.",
"Emerson also wrote the forewords to Sally Swift's Centered riding; Priscilla Endicott's Taking Up the Reins; Donna Snyder-Smith's The All Around Horse and Rider; and the United States Combined Training Association's (USCTA) Book of Eventing.",
"He has written chapters and sections to several books, including Riding For America; Burghley – The Three Day Event; Lexington, 1978; and Kentucky, Three Day Event.",
"In 2011 Emerson published his first book, How Good Riders Get Good, through Trafalgar Square Farm Books.",
"The book centers on stories of 23 of the world's top riders from different equestrian disciplines and sports – including dressage, reining, driving, show jumping, endurance, hunter/jumper, and eventing – and how those included overcame significant challenges and setbacks to reach the top.",
"Breeding\nSince the early 1970s the Emersons have kept stallions for stud.",
"Their first was Core Buff, purchased in 1970.",
"Some of their former and current stallions include Forfeit, Right of Light, O'Hara, Epic Win, Wintry Oak, Loyal Pal, Goliad, Not Surprised, Prussian Blue, Silver Comet, Reputed Testamony, Aberjack and Formula One.",
"References\n\nExternal links\n Tamarack Hill Farm on Facebook\n\nAmerican event riders\n1941 births\nLiving people\nAmerican male equestrians\nPeople from Strafford, Vermont\nPeople from Southern Pines, North Carolina"
] | [
"Denny is an American equestrian.",
"He won an international gold medal in eventing and a Tevis Cup buckle in endurance.",
"In 1972, he was named the United States eventing Association's Rider of the Year.",
"The United States Three Day eventing team won the gold medal at the 1974 eventing world championships.",
"As of 2015, he is a clinician and trainer.",
"He writes for The Chronicle of the Horses \" Between Rounds\" column.",
"He and his wife have farms in Vermont and North Carolina.",
"He began riding at the age of nine at the Stoneleigh-Burnham School in Massachusetts, where his father was the headmaster.",
"At the age of 12 he began competing in gymkhanas.",
"He rode in his first 100 mile endurance ride at the age of 15.",
"He began eventing at the age of 20.",
"His first event was a three-day event.",
"By 1971 he had moved up to the Advanced Level on Cat., after moving up to the Intermediate Level on his first event horse Lighting Magic.",
"The first advanced three-day was held in Quebec.",
"In 1972, he was named the United States eventing Association's Rider of the Year.",
"The United States eventing team won a gold medal at the World Championship Three Day event in 1974 with the help of a clean cross country round by Emerson and his Morgan horse.",
"The team included Bruce Davidson on Irish Cap, Michael Plumb on Good Mixture and Don Sachey on Plain Sailing.",
"The reserve team for the 1976 Montreal Olympics were named in 1976.",
"Just before the competition, Viktor Dakin strained a ligament.",
"The National Three Day event Championships were held that year.",
"The National Three Day Event Championship was held at Chesterland in 1979.",
"York was the USEA's horse of the year in 1979.",
"At the US National Three Day event at Chesterland in 1982, Emerson was fourth on Farnley Rob Roy.",
"In 1992, he won the CCI event.",
"At the age of 58, Emerson competed at his final advanced three day at Groton House Farm in South Hamilton, Massachusetts.",
"His career lasted 29 seasons.",
"The 50th anniversary of the Western States Trail Ride was celebrated in 2004.",
"He has shown Morgan Horses and competed in jumper shows.",
"He has been an entry in the Preliminary or Federation Equestre Internationale (FEI) CCI* level for 50 years.",
"During the cross country phase of an event at the Stoneleigh-Burnham School Horse Trials, Emerson broke his C1 vertebrae when he fell.",
"As of 2015, he continues to regularly school horses and compete in both jumper and dressage shows.",
"From 1982- 1984 and 1991-1992, he served as USEA president.",
"He was a member of the Executive Committee of the United States Eventing Association and the Chairman of the Breeder's Committee of the American Horse Show Association.",
"As of 2015, he is a trainer and clinician.",
"A member of Canada's equestrian team at the 1996 Summer Olympics is one of the former pupils.",
"The first week of \"Adult Camp\" was hosted by Emerson at his farm in Vermont.",
"The Adult Camp program has grown since it began, with programs being run at both farm locations throughout the year.",
"He and his wife, May, live in Vermont and North Carolina and run a farm.",
"The Vermont property has been owned by them since 1969.",
"They have four children, two sons and a granddaughter.",
"He graduated from the college with a degree in English.",
"He taught high school English in New Jersey and Vermont.",
"Israel Putnam was a Revolutionary War General.",
"The 1972 USEA's Rider of the Year, the 1984 \"Wearers of the Green\", and the 1991 American Riding Instructor Certification Program have been honored.",
"In 1982, 1991, and 1999 he appeared on the cover of Practical Horseman magazine.",
"The United States Combined Training Association's (USCTA) book of eventing and Sally Swift's Centered riding were both written by Emerson.",
"He has written chapters and sections for several books.",
"How Good Riders Get Good was published by Trafalgar Square Farm Books.",
"The book tells the stories of 23 of the world's top riders from different equestrian disciplines and sports, and how they overcame significant challenges and setbacks to reach the top.",
"The Emersons have kept stallions for breeding.",
"Core Buff was their first purchase.",
"Right of Light, O'Hara, Wintry Oak, Loyal Pal, Goliad, Not Surprised, Prussian Blue, Silver Comet, Reputed Testamony, and Formula One are some of their former and current stallions.",
"People from Vermont and North Carolina are related to the American event riders births."
] | <mask> (born August 20, 1941) is an American equestrian. He is the only equestrian to have won both an international gold medal in eventing and a Tevis Cup buckle in endurance. In 1972, <mask> was named United States Eventing Association's Rider of the Year. He was a member of the United States Three Day Eventing Team that won the gold medal at the 1974 Eventing World Championships. As of 2015, <mask> operates as a clinician and trainer. He is a regular contributor to The Chronicle of the Horses "Between Rounds" column. He and his wife, <mask>, run Tamarack Hill Farms in Strafford, Vermont and Southern Pines, North Carolina.Riding career
<mask> grew up in Massachusetts and began riding around the age of nine at the Stoneleigh-Burnham School in Greenfield, Massachusetts, where his father was headmaster. <mask> began competing in gymkhanas in 1954, at the age of 12. At the age of 15 he rode in his first 100-mile endurance ride at the Green Mountain Horse Association (GMHA) in South Woodstock, Vermont. He began eventing in 1961 at the age of 20. His first event was a preliminary three-day at GMHA. In 1965 <mask> moved up to the Intermediate Level on his first event horse Lighting Magic, and by 1971 he had moved up to the Advanced Level on Cat. <mask> and Cat competed in their first advanced three-day at Dunham, Quebec.In 1972, <mask> was named the United States Eventing Association's Rider of the Year. Two years later, in 1974, <mask> and his part-Morgan horse, Viktor Dakin, rode a clean cross country round at the Burghley Horse Trials World Championship Three Day Event, that helped secure a team gold medal for the United States Eventing Team. The team included Bruce Davidson on Irish Cap, Michael Plumb on Good Mixture and Don Sachey on Plain Sailing. In 1976 <mask> and Viktor Dakin were named to the reserve team for the 1976 Montreal Olympics at Bromont. Viktor Dakin had strained a ligament just before the competition. That same year <mask> and Viktor Dakin won the National Three Day Event Championships at Radnor. <mask> won the National Three Day Event Championship again in 1979 at Chesterland riding York.York was then named USEA's 1979 "Horse of the Year". In 1982 <mask> placed fourth at the US National Three Day Event at Chesterland, riding Farnley Rob Roy. In 1992, <mask> won the Bromont CCI** event. <mask> competed at his final advanced three day at Groton House Farm in South Hamilton, Massachusetts in 1999 at the age of 58. His advanced career lasted 29 seasons. In 2004 <mask> earned a Tevis Cup buckle for completing the 50th Anniversary of the Western States Trail Ride, a 100-mile endurance race. <mask> has also shown Morgan Horses, and competed in dressage and jumper shows.In 2011 <mask> completed his 50th consecutive season as an entry in the Preliminary or Federation Equestre Internationale (FEI) CCI* level. That same year, however, <mask> broke his C1 vertebrae after falling during the cross country phase of an event at the Stoneleigh-Burnham School Horse Trials in late July. <mask> made a full recovery and, as of 2015, continues to regularly school horses and compete in both jumper and dressage shows. <mask> served as USEA president from 1982-1984 and again from 1991-1992. He also served as the United States Equestrian Team's Vice President of Eventing for seven years, and was a member of the United States Eventing Association's Executive Committee, and the Chairman of the Breeder's Committee of the American Horse Show Association (AHSA). As of 2015, <mask> operates as a trainer and clinician. Former pupils include Kelli McMullen Temple, a member of Canada's equestrian team at the 1996 Summer Olympics; Dorothy Trapp, the 1994 Individual World Championship silver medalist; David O'Brien, the 1996 winner of Bromont; and Nancy Bliss, a team bronze medalist at the 1982 World Championships.In 2004 <mask> hosted his first week long "Adult Camp" at his farm in Strafford, Vermont. The Adult Camp program expanded since its start, with programs being run throughout the year at both farm locations. Personal life
<mask> and his wife, May, live on and run Tamarack Hill Farms in Strafford, Vermont and Southern Pines, North Carolina. They have owned the Vermont property since 1969. They have two sons, Rett and Jamie, and one granddaughter, Abigail. <mask> graduated from Dartmouth College in 1963 with a degree in English. He later taught high school English in New Jersey and Vermont.<mask> is a descendant of Revolutionary War General, Israel Putnam. Honors and awards
1972 USEA's Rider of the Year
1984 "Wearers of the Green", Dartmouth College Athletic Hall of Fame, inductee
USEA Wofford Cup for lifetime service to eventing
1991 American Riding Instructor Certification Program (ARICP) Lifetime Achievement Award
1998 Ayers-Hammett Award by the Equestrian Medical Safety Association
1999 Equestrian Land Conservation Resource Anson Taylor Leadership Award
Named "One of the 50 most influential horsemen of the Twentieth Century" by The Chronicle of the Horse in 2000
2006 USEA Hall of Fame Inductee
Writing
<mask> has been a regular contributor to The Chronicle of the Horses "Between Round's" column since its inception in 1989. In conjunction with feature articles he authored, <mask> appeared on the cover of Practical Horseman magazine in 1982, 1991 and 1999. <mask> also wrote the forewords to Sally Swift's Centered riding; Priscilla Endicott's Taking Up the Reins; Donna Snyder-Smith's The All Around Horse and Rider; and the United States Combined Training Association's (USCTA) Book of Eventing. He has written chapters and sections to several books, including Riding For America; Burghley – The Three Day Event; Lexington, 1978; and Kentucky, Three Day Event. In 2011 <mask> published his first book, How Good Riders Get Good, through Trafalgar Square Farm Books. The book centers on stories of 23 of the world's top riders from different equestrian disciplines and sports – including dressage, reining, driving, show jumping, endurance, hunter/jumper, and eventing – and how those included overcame significant challenges and setbacks to reach the top.Breeding
Since the early 1970s the <mask>s have kept stallions for stud. Their first was Core Buff, purchased in 1970. Some of their former and current stallions include Forfeit, Right of Light, O'Hara, Epic Win, Wintry Oak, Loyal Pal, Goliad, Not Surprised, Prussian Blue, Silver Comet, Reputed Testamony, Aberjack and Formula One. References
External links
Tamarack Hill Farm on Facebook
American event riders
1941 births
Living people
American male equestrians
People from Strafford, Vermont
People from Southern Pines, North Carolina | [
"Denny Emerson",
"Emerson",
"Emerson",
"May Emerson",
"Emerson",
"Emerson",
"Emerson",
"Emerson",
"Emerson",
"Emerson",
"Emerson",
"Emerson",
"Emerson",
"Emerson",
"Emerson",
"Emerson",
"Emerson",
"Emerson",
"Emerson",
"Emerson",
"Emerson",
"Emerson",
"Emerson",
"Emerson",
"Emerson",
"Emerson",
"Emerson",
"Emerson",
"Emerson",
"Emerson",
"Emerson",
"Emerson"
] | <mask> is an American equestrian. He won an international gold medal in eventing and a Tevis Cup buckle in endurance. In 1972, he was named the United States eventing Association's Rider of the Year. The United States Three Day eventing team won the gold medal at the 1974 eventing world championships. As of 2015, he is a clinician and trainer. He writes for The Chronicle of the Horses " Between Rounds" column. He and his wife have farms in Vermont and North Carolina.He began riding at the age of nine at the Stoneleigh-Burnham School in Massachusetts, where his father was the headmaster. At the age of 12 he began competing in gymkhanas. He rode in his first 100 mile endurance ride at the age of 15. He began eventing at the age of 20. His first event was a three-day event. By 1971 he had moved up to the Advanced Level on Cat., after moving up to the Intermediate Level on his first event horse Lighting Magic. The first advanced three-day was held in Quebec.In 1972, he was named the United States eventing Association's Rider of the Year. The United States eventing team won a gold medal at the World Championship Three Day event in 1974 with the help of a clean cross country round by <mask> and his Morgan horse. The team included Bruce Davidson on Irish Cap, Michael Plumb on Good Mixture and Don Sachey on Plain Sailing. The reserve team for the 1976 Montreal Olympics were named in 1976. Just before the competition, Viktor Dakin strained a ligament. The National Three Day event Championships were held that year. The National Three Day Event Championship was held at Chesterland in 1979.York was the USEA's horse of the year in 1979. At the US National Three Day event at Chesterland in 1982, <mask> was fourth on Farnley Rob Roy. In 1992, he won the CCI event. At the age of 58, <mask> competed at his final advanced three day at Groton House Farm in South Hamilton, Massachusetts. His career lasted 29 seasons. The 50th anniversary of the Western States Trail Ride was celebrated in 2004. He has shown Morgan Horses and competed in jumper shows.He has been an entry in the Preliminary or Federation Equestre Internationale (FEI) CCI* level for 50 years. During the cross country phase of an event at the Stoneleigh-Burnham School Horse Trials, <mask> broke his C1 vertebrae when he fell. As of 2015, he continues to regularly school horses and compete in both jumper and dressage shows. From 1982- 1984 and 1991-1992, he served as USEA president. He was a member of the Executive Committee of the United States Eventing Association and the Chairman of the Breeder's Committee of the American Horse Show Association. As of 2015, he is a trainer and clinician. A member of Canada's equestrian team at the 1996 Summer Olympics is one of the former pupils.The first week of "Adult Camp" was hosted by <mask> at his farm in Vermont. The Adult Camp program has grown since it began, with programs being run at both farm locations throughout the year. He and his wife, May, live in Vermont and North Carolina and run a farm. The Vermont property has been owned by them since 1969. They have four children, two sons and a granddaughter. He graduated from the college with a degree in English. He taught high school English in New Jersey and Vermont.Israel Putnam was a Revolutionary War General. The 1972 USEA's Rider of the Year, the 1984 "Wearers of the Green", and the 1991 American Riding Instructor Certification Program have been honored. In 1982, 1991, and 1999 he appeared on the cover of Practical Horseman magazine. The United States Combined Training Association's (USCTA) book of eventing and Sally Swift's Centered riding were both written by <mask>. He has written chapters and sections for several books. How Good Riders Get Good was published by Trafalgar Square Farm Books. The book tells the stories of 23 of the world's top riders from different equestrian disciplines and sports, and how they overcame significant challenges and setbacks to reach the top.The <mask>s have kept stallions for breeding. Core Buff was their first purchase. Right of Light, O'Hara, Wintry Oak, Loyal Pal, Goliad, Not Surprised, Prussian Blue, Silver Comet, Reputed Testamony, and Formula One are some of their former and current stallions. People from Vermont and North Carolina are related to the American event riders births. | [
"Denny",
"Emerson",
"Emerson",
"Emerson",
"Emerson",
"Emerson",
"Emerson",
"Emerson"
] |
334727 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick%20Hamilton%20%28martyr%29 | Patrick Hamilton (martyr) | Patrick Hamilton (1504 – 29 February 1528) was a Scottish churchman and an early Protestant Reformer in Scotland. He travelled to Europe, where he met several of the leading reformed thinkers, before returning to Scotland to preach. He was tried as a heretic by Archbishop James Beaton, found guilty and handed over to secular authorities to be burnt at the stake in St Andrews as Scotland's first martyr of the Reformation.
Early life
He was the second son of Sir Patrick Hamilton of Kincavil and Catherine Stewart, daughter of Alexander, Duke of Albany, second son of James II of Scotland. He was born in the diocese of Glasgow, probably at his father's estate of Stanehouse in Lanarkshire, and was most likely educated at Linlithgow. In 1517 he was appointed titular Abbot of Fearn Abbey, Ross-shire. The income from this position paid for him to study at the University of Paris, where he became a Master of the Arts in 1520. It was in Paris, where Martin Luther's writings were already exciting much discussion, that he first learnt the doctrines he would later uphold. According to sixteenth century theologian Alexander Ales, Hamilton subsequently went to Leuven, attracted probably by the fame of Erasmus, who in 1521 had his headquarters there.
Return and flight
Returning to Scotland, Hamilton selected St Andrews, the capital of the Catholic Church in Scotland and of education, as his residence. On 9 June 1523 he became a member of St Leonard's College, part of the University of St Andrews, and on 3 October 1524 he was admitted to its faculty of arts, where he was first a student of, and then a colleague of the Renaissance humanist and logician John Mair. At the university Hamilton attained such influence that he was permitted, as precentor, to conduct a Solemn High Mass based on music of his own composition at the St. Andrew's Cathedral.
The reforming doctrines, however,
had obtained a firm hold on the young abbot, and he was eager to communicate them to his fellow-countrymen.
Early in 1527 the attention of James Beaton, Archbishop of St Andrews, was directed to the heretical preaching of the young priest, whereupon he ordered that Hamilton should be formally tried. Hamilton fled to Germany, enrolling himself as a student, under Franz Lambert of Avignon, in the new University of Marburg, opened on 30 May 1527 by Philip of Hesse. Among those he met there were Hermann von dem Busche, one of the contributors to the Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum, John Frith and William Tyndale.
Late in the autumn of 1527, Fr. Hamilton returned to Scotland, speaking openly of his convictions. He went first to his brother's house at Kincavel, near Linlithgow, where he preached frequently, and, soon afterwards, he renounced clerical celibacy and married a young lady of noble rank; her name is unrecorded. David Beaton, the Abbot of Arbroath, avoiding open violence through fear of Hamilton's powerful protectors, invited him to a conference at St Andrews. The Young minister, predicting that he was going to "confirm the pious in the true doctrine" by his death, accepted the invitation, and for nearly a month was allowed to preach and to debate.
With the publication of Patrick's Places in 1528, he introduced into Scottish theology Martin Luther's emphasis of the distinction of Law and Gospel.
Trial and execution
At length, he was summoned before a council of bishops and clergy presided over by the archbishop. There were thirteen charges, seven based on the doctrines in Philip Melanchthon's Loci Communes, the first theological exposition of Martin Luther's scriptural study and teachings in 1521. On examination Hamilton expressed a belief in their truth, and the council sentenced him to death on all thirteen charges. Hamilton was seized, and allegedly surrendered to the soldiery based on an assurance that he would be restored to his friends without injury. However, after a debate with Friar Campbell, the council handed him over to the secular power, to be burnt at the stake outside the front entrance to St Salvator's Chapel in St Andrews. The sentence was carried out on the same day to preclude any attempted rescue by friends. He burnt from noon to 6 p.m. and his last words were "Lord Jesus, receive my spirit". The spot is today marked with a monogram of his initials set into the cobblestones of the pavement of North Street.
Legacy
Hamilton's execution attracted more interest than ever before to Lutheranism and greatly contributed to the Reformation in Scotland. It was said that the "reek of Master Patrick Hamilton infected as many as it blew upon". Hamilton's fortitude during his execution persuaded Alexander Ales, who had been appointed to convince Hamilton of his errors, to enter into the Lutheran Church. His martyrdom is unusual in that he was almost alone in Scotland during the Lutheran stage of the Reformation. His only known writings, based upon Loci communes and known as "Patrick's Places", echoed the doctrine of justification by faith and the contrast between the gospel and the law in a series of clear-cut propositions.'"Patrickes Places"' was not Hamilton's own title, but was given in the translation into English by John Fryth in 1564, and are presented in Book 8 of the 1570 edition of John Foxe's "Acts and Monuments"..
Students at the University of St Andrews traditionally avoid stepping on the monogram of Hamilton's initials outside St Salvator's Chapel for fear of being cursed and failing their final exams. To lift the curse students may participate in the annual May dip where they traditionally run into the North Sea at 05.00 to wash away their sins and bad luck.
A school in Auckland, New Zealand called 'Saint Kentigern College' has a house named after Patrick Hamilton
Katherine Hamilton
Patrick's sister, Katherine Hamilton, was the wife of the Captain of Dunbar Castle and also a committed Protestant. In March 1539 she was forced in exile to Berwick upon Tweed for her beliefs. She had been in England before and met the Queen, Jane Seymour.
According to the historian John Spottiswood, Katherine was brought to trial for heresy before James V at Holyroodhouse in 1534, and her other brother James Hamilton of Livingston fled. The King was impressed by her conviction shown in her short answer to the prosecutor. He laughed and spoke to her privately, convincing her to abandon her profession of faith. The other accused also recanted for the time.
Bibliography
For a more extensive bibliography see George M. Ella's book review.
Mackay's bibliography:
Knox's Hist, of the Reformation ;
Buchanan and Lindsay of Pitscottie's Histories of Scotland ;
the writings of Alexander Alesius and the records of St. Andrews and Paris are the original authorities ;
Life of Patrick Hamilton, by the Rev. Peter Lorimer, 1857, to which this article is much indebted ;
Patrick Hamilton, a poem by T. B. Johnston of Cairnie, 1873
Rainer Haas, Franz Lambert und Patrick Hamilton in ihrer Bedeutung für die Evangelische Bewegung auf den Britischen Inseln, Marburg (theses) 1973
The most recent biography in almost 100 years Patrick Hamilton – The Stephen of Scotland (1504-1528): The First Preacher and Martyr of the Scottish Reformation, by Joe R. D. Carvalho, AD Publications, Dundee 2009.
See also
Scottish Reformation
John Ogilvie (saint)
List of Protestant martyrs of the Scottish Reformation
References
Citations
Sources
Attribution
External links
1504 births
1528 deaths
People executed for heresy
Executed Scottish people
Alumni of the University of St Andrews
University of Paris alumni
16th-century Scottish clergy
Scottish abbots
16th-century Protestant religious leaders
16th-century Protestant martyrs
People from Linlithgow
People from South Lanarkshire
People executed by the Kingdom of Scotland by burning
16th-century executions by Scotland
Scottish Reformation
Protestant martyrs of Scotland | [
"Patrick Hamilton (1504 – 29 February 1528) was a Scottish churchman and an early Protestant Reformer in Scotland.",
"He travelled to Europe, where he met several of the leading reformed thinkers, before returning to Scotland to preach.",
"He was tried as a heretic by Archbishop James Beaton, found guilty and handed over to secular authorities to be burnt at the stake in St Andrews as Scotland's first martyr of the Reformation.",
"Early life\nHe was the second son of Sir Patrick Hamilton of Kincavil and Catherine Stewart, daughter of Alexander, Duke of Albany, second son of James II of Scotland.",
"He was born in the diocese of Glasgow, probably at his father's estate of Stanehouse in Lanarkshire, and was most likely educated at Linlithgow.",
"In 1517 he was appointed titular Abbot of Fearn Abbey, Ross-shire.",
"The income from this position paid for him to study at the University of Paris, where he became a Master of the Arts in 1520.",
"It was in Paris, where Martin Luther's writings were already exciting much discussion, that he first learnt the doctrines he would later uphold.",
"According to sixteenth century theologian Alexander Ales, Hamilton subsequently went to Leuven, attracted probably by the fame of Erasmus, who in 1521 had his headquarters there.",
"Return and flight\nReturning to Scotland, Hamilton selected St Andrews, the capital of the Catholic Church in Scotland and of education, as his residence.",
"On 9 June 1523 he became a member of St Leonard's College, part of the University of St Andrews, and on 3 October 1524 he was admitted to its faculty of arts, where he was first a student of, and then a colleague of the Renaissance humanist and logician John Mair.",
"At the university Hamilton attained such influence that he was permitted, as precentor, to conduct a Solemn High Mass based on music of his own composition at the St. Andrew's Cathedral.",
"The reforming doctrines, however, \nhad obtained a firm hold on the young abbot, and he was eager to communicate them to his fellow-countrymen.",
"Early in 1527 the attention of James Beaton, Archbishop of St Andrews, was directed to the heretical preaching of the young priest, whereupon he ordered that Hamilton should be formally tried.",
"Hamilton fled to Germany, enrolling himself as a student, under Franz Lambert of Avignon, in the new University of Marburg, opened on 30 May 1527 by Philip of Hesse.",
"Among those he met there were Hermann von dem Busche, one of the contributors to the Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum, John Frith and William Tyndale.",
"Late in the autumn of 1527, Fr.",
"Hamilton returned to Scotland, speaking openly of his convictions.",
"He went first to his brother's house at Kincavel, near Linlithgow, where he preached frequently, and, soon afterwards, he renounced clerical celibacy and married a young lady of noble rank; her name is unrecorded.",
"David Beaton, the Abbot of Arbroath, avoiding open violence through fear of Hamilton's powerful protectors, invited him to a conference at St Andrews.",
"The Young minister, predicting that he was going to \"confirm the pious in the true doctrine\" by his death, accepted the invitation, and for nearly a month was allowed to preach and to debate.",
"With the publication of Patrick's Places in 1528, he introduced into Scottish theology Martin Luther's emphasis of the distinction of Law and Gospel.",
"Trial and execution\n\nAt length, he was summoned before a council of bishops and clergy presided over by the archbishop.",
"There were thirteen charges, seven based on the doctrines in Philip Melanchthon's Loci Communes, the first theological exposition of Martin Luther's scriptural study and teachings in 1521.",
"On examination Hamilton expressed a belief in their truth, and the council sentenced him to death on all thirteen charges.",
"Hamilton was seized, and allegedly surrendered to the soldiery based on an assurance that he would be restored to his friends without injury.",
"However, after a debate with Friar Campbell, the council handed him over to the secular power, to be burnt at the stake outside the front entrance to St Salvator's Chapel in St Andrews.",
"The sentence was carried out on the same day to preclude any attempted rescue by friends.",
"He burnt from noon to 6 p.m. and his last words were \"Lord Jesus, receive my spirit\".",
"The spot is today marked with a monogram of his initials set into the cobblestones of the pavement of North Street.",
"Legacy\nHamilton's execution attracted more interest than ever before to Lutheranism and greatly contributed to the Reformation in Scotland.",
"It was said that the \"reek of Master Patrick Hamilton infected as many as it blew upon\".",
"Hamilton's fortitude during his execution persuaded Alexander Ales, who had been appointed to convince Hamilton of his errors, to enter into the Lutheran Church.",
"His martyrdom is unusual in that he was almost alone in Scotland during the Lutheran stage of the Reformation.",
"His only known writings, based upon Loci communes and known as \"Patrick's Places\", echoed the doctrine of justification by faith and the contrast between the gospel and the law in a series of clear-cut propositions.",
"'\"Patrickes Places\"' was not Hamilton's own title, but was given in the translation into English by John Fryth in 1564, and are presented in Book 8 of the 1570 edition of John Foxe's \"Acts and Monuments\"..\n\nStudents at the University of St Andrews traditionally avoid stepping on the monogram of Hamilton's initials outside St Salvator's Chapel for fear of being cursed and failing their final exams.",
"To lift the curse students may participate in the annual May dip where they traditionally run into the North Sea at 05.00 to wash away their sins and bad luck.",
"A school in Auckland, New Zealand called 'Saint Kentigern College' has a house named after Patrick Hamilton\n\nKatherine Hamilton\nPatrick's sister, Katherine Hamilton, was the wife of the Captain of Dunbar Castle and also a committed Protestant.",
"In March 1539 she was forced in exile to Berwick upon Tweed for her beliefs.",
"She had been in England before and met the Queen, Jane Seymour.",
"According to the historian John Spottiswood, Katherine was brought to trial for heresy before James V at Holyroodhouse in 1534, and her other brother James Hamilton of Livingston fled.",
"The King was impressed by her conviction shown in her short answer to the prosecutor.",
"He laughed and spoke to her privately, convincing her to abandon her profession of faith.",
"The other accused also recanted for the time.",
"Bibliography\n\nFor a more extensive bibliography see George M. Ella's book review.",
"Mackay's bibliography:\nKnox's Hist, of the Reformation ; \nBuchanan and Lindsay of Pitscottie's Histories of Scotland ; \nthe writings of Alexander Alesius and the records of St. Andrews and Paris are the original authorities ; \nLife of Patrick Hamilton, by the Rev.",
"Peter Lorimer, 1857, to which this article is much indebted ;\nPatrick Hamilton, a poem by T. B. Johnston of Cairnie, 1873\n Rainer Haas, Franz Lambert und Patrick Hamilton in ihrer Bedeutung für die Evangelische Bewegung auf den Britischen Inseln, Marburg (theses) 1973\n The most recent biography in almost 100 years Patrick Hamilton – The Stephen of Scotland (1504-1528): The First Preacher and Martyr of the Scottish Reformation, by Joe R. D. Carvalho, AD Publications, Dundee 2009.",
"See also\n Scottish Reformation\n John Ogilvie (saint)\n List of Protestant martyrs of the Scottish Reformation\n\nReferences\nCitations\n\nSources\n\nAttribution\n\nExternal links\n\n1504 births\n1528 deaths\nPeople executed for heresy\nExecuted Scottish people\nAlumni of the University of St Andrews\nUniversity of Paris alumni\n16th-century Scottish clergy\nScottish abbots\n16th-century Protestant religious leaders\n16th-century Protestant martyrs\nPeople from Linlithgow\nPeople from South Lanarkshire\nPeople executed by the Kingdom of Scotland by burning\n16th-century executions by Scotland\nScottish Reformation\nProtestant martyrs of Scotland"
] | [
"Patrick Hamilton was an early Protestant Reformer in Scotland.",
"He traveled to Europe before returning to Scotland to preach.",
"He was burnt at the stake in St Andrew's as Scotland's first martyr of the Reformation after being found guilty of being a heretic and handed over to secular authorities.",
"He was the second son of Sir Patrick Hamilton of Kincavil and Catherine Stewart, daughter of Alexander, Duke of Albany.",
"He was most likely educated at Linlithgow, his father's estate in Lanarkshire, where he was born.",
"He was the Abbot of Fearn Abbey in 1517.",
"The income from this position paid for him to study at the University of Paris, where he became a Master of the Arts in 1520.",
"In Paris, where Martin Luther's writings were already exciting much discussion, he first learned the doctrines he would later uphold.",
"Hamilton went to Leuven because he was attracted to the fame of the man who had his headquarters there.",
"St Andrew's, the capital of the Catholic Church in Scotland and of education, was selected as Hamilton's residence.",
"On 9 June 1523 he became a member of St Leonard's College and on 3 October 15 24 he was admitted to the faculty of arts at the University of St Andrews.",
"Hamilton was allowed to conduct a Solemn High Mass at the St. Andrew's Cathedral because of his influence at the university.",
"The young abbot had a firm hold on the reforms, and he was eager to communicate them to his countrymen.",
"The attention of James Beaton was directed to the heretical preaching of the young priest and he ordered that Hamilton be tried.",
"The University of Marburg was opened on 30 May 1527 by Philip of Hesse and Hamilton was a student there.",
"John Frith, William Tyndale and Hermann von dem Busche were some of the people he met there.",
"Fr. was in the autumn of 1527.",
"He spoke openly of his convictions when he returned to Scotland.",
"He married a young lady of noble rank after abandoning clerical celibacy and preaching frequently at his brother's house near Linlithgow.",
"The Abbot of Arbroath, avoiding open violence through fear of Hamilton's powerful protectors, was invited to a conference by David Beaton.",
"After accepting the invitation, the Young minister was allowed to preach and debate for nearly a month.",
"Patrick's Places was published in 1528 and introduced Martin Luther's emphasis on the distinction of Law and Gospel.",
"He was summoned before a council of bishops and clergy, presided over by the archbishop.",
"The first theological exposition of Martin Luther's scriptural study and teachings in 1521 was the basis for seven of the charges.",
"Hamilton was sentenced to death on all thirteen charges after he expressed a belief in their truth.",
"Hamilton surrendered to the soldiery based on an assurance that he would be restored to his friends without injury.",
"The secular power was handed over to him by the council after a debate with the friar.",
"On the same day, the sentence was carried out.",
"His last words were \"Lord Jesus, receive my spirit\".",
"The spot is marked with his initials in the cobblestones of North Street.",
"Legacy Hamilton's execution attracted a lot of attention to Lutheranism and contributed to the Reformation in Scotland.",
"It was said that the reek of Master Patrick Hamilton spread quickly.",
"Alexander Ales, who was appointed to convince Hamilton of his errors, entered into the Lutheran Church after Hamilton's execution.",
"He was almost alone in Scotland during the Lutheran stage of the Reformation.",
"His writings mirrored the doctrine of justification by faith and the contrast between the law and the faith in a series of clear-cut proposition.",
"\"Patrickes Places\" was not Hamilton's own title, but was given in the translation into English by John Fryth in 1564, and are presented in Book 8 of the 1570 edition of John Foxe's \"Acts and Monuments\".",
"Students can lift the curse by participating in the annual May dip where they run into the North Sea at 05.00 to wash away their sins and bad luck.",
"A school in New Zealand called 'Saint Kentigern College' has a house named after Patrick Hamilton's sister, who was also a Protestant.",
"She was exiled to Tweed in March 1539 for her beliefs.",
"She met the Queen in England.",
"James Hamilton of Livingston fled after his sister was brought to trial for heresy before James V at Holyroodhouse in 1534, according to the historian John Spottiswood.",
"The King was impressed by her answer to the prosecutor.",
"He spoke to her privately and convinced her to abandon her faith.",
"The other accused also changed his story.",
"George M.Ella has a book review.",
"The life of Patrick Hamilton is one of the original authorities.",
"This article is indebted to a poem by Patrick Hamilton.",
"There is a list of Protestant martyrs of the Scottish Reformation."
] | <mask> (1504 – 29 February 1528) was a Scottish churchman and an early Protestant Reformer in Scotland. He travelled to Europe, where he met several of the leading reformed thinkers, before returning to Scotland to preach. He was tried as a heretic by Archbishop James Beaton, found guilty and handed over to secular authorities to be burnt at the stake in St Andrews as Scotland's first martyr of the Reformation. Early life
He was the second son of Sir <mask> of Kincavil and Catherine Stewart, daughter of Alexander, Duke of Albany, second son of James II of Scotland. He was born in the diocese of Glasgow, probably at his father's estate of Stanehouse in Lanarkshire, and was most likely educated at Linlithgow. In 1517 he was appointed titular Abbot of Fearn Abbey, Ross-shire. The income from this position paid for him to study at the University of Paris, where he became a Master of the Arts in 1520.It was in Paris, where Martin Luther's writings were already exciting much discussion, that he first learnt the doctrines he would later uphold. According to sixteenth century theologian Alexander Ales, <mask>, who in 1521 had his headquarters there. Return and flight
Returning to Scotland, <mask> selected St Andrews, the capital of the Catholic Church in Scotland and of education, as his residence. On 9 June 1523 he became a member of St Leonard's College, part of the University of St Andrews, and on 3 October 1524 he was admitted to its faculty of arts, where he was first a student of, and then a colleague of the Renaissance humanist and logician John Mair. At the university <mask> attained such influence that he was permitted, as precentor, to conduct a Solemn High Mass based on music of his own composition at the St. Andrew's Cathedral. The reforming doctrines, however,
had obtained a firm hold on the young abbot, and he was eager to communicate them to his fellow-countrymen. Early in 1527 the attention of James Beaton, Archbishop of St Andrews, was directed to the heretical preaching of the young priest, whereupon he ordered that <mask> should be formally tried.<mask> fled to Germany, enrolling himself as a student, under Franz Lambert of Avignon, in the new University of Marburg, opened on 30 May 1527 by Philip of Hesse. Among those he met there were Hermann von dem Busche, one of the contributors to the Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum, John Frith and William Tyndale. Late in the autumn of 1527, Fr<mask> returned to Scotland, speaking openly of his convictions. He went first to his brother's house at Kincavel, near Linlithgow, where he preached frequently, and, soon afterwards, he renounced clerical celibacy and married a young lady of noble rank; her name is unrecorded. David Beaton, the Abbot of Arbroath, avoiding open violence through fear of <mask>'s powerful protectors, invited him to a conference at St Andrews. The Young minister, predicting that he was going to "confirm the pious in the true doctrine" by his death, accepted the invitation, and for nearly a month was allowed to preach and to debate.With the publication of <mask>'s Places in 1528, he introduced into Scottish theology Martin Luther's emphasis of the distinction of Law and Gospel. Trial and execution
At length, he was summoned before a council of bishops and clergy presided over by the archbishop. There were thirteen charges, seven based on the doctrines in Philip Melanchthon's Loci Communes, the first theological exposition of Martin Luther's scriptural study and teachings in 1521. On examination <mask> expressed a belief in their truth, and the council sentenced him to death on all thirteen charges. <mask> was seized, and allegedly surrendered to the soldiery based on an assurance that he would be restored to his friends without injury. However, after a debate with Friar Campbell, the council handed him over to the secular power, to be burnt at the stake outside the front entrance to St Salvator's Chapel in St Andrews. The sentence was carried out on the same day to preclude any attempted rescue by friends.He burnt from noon to 6 p.m. and his last words were "Lord Jesus, receive my spirit". The spot is today marked with a monogram of his initials set into the cobblestones of the pavement of North Street. Legacy
<mask>'s execution attracted more interest than ever before to Lutheranism and greatly contributed to the Reformation in Scotland. It was said that the "reek of Master <mask> infected as many as it blew upon". <mask>'s fortitude during his execution persuaded Alexander Ales, who had been appointed to convince <mask> of his errors, to enter into the Lutheran Church. His martyrdom is unusual in that he was almost alone in Scotland during the Lutheran stage of the Reformation. His only known writings, based upon Loci communes and known as "Patrick's Places", echoed the doctrine of justification by faith and the contrast between the gospel and the law in a series of clear-cut propositions.'"Patrickes Places"' was not <mask>'s own title, but was given in the translation into English by John Fryth in 1564, and are presented in Book 8 of the 1570 edition of John Foxe's "Acts and Monuments"..
Students at the University of St Andrews traditionally avoid stepping on the monogram of <mask>'s initials outside St Salvator's Chapel for fear of being cursed and failing their final exams. To lift the curse students may participate in the annual May dip where they traditionally run into the North Sea at 05.00 to wash away their sins and bad luck. A school in Auckland, New Zealand called 'Saint Kentigern College' has a house named after <mask>
<mask>
<mask>'s sister, <mask>, was the wife of the Captain of Dunbar Castle and also a committed Protestant. In March 1539 she was forced in exile to Berwick upon Tweed for her beliefs. She had been in England before and met the Queen, Jane Seymour. According to the historian John Spottiswood, Katherine was brought to trial for heresy before James V at Holyroodhouse in 1534, and her other brother <mask> of Livingston fled. The King was impressed by her conviction shown in her short answer to the prosecutor.He laughed and spoke to her privately, convincing her to abandon her profession of faith. The other accused also recanted for the time. Bibliography
For a more extensive bibliography see George M. Ella's book review. Mackay's bibliography:
Knox's Hist, of the Reformation ;
Buchanan and Lindsay of Pitscottie's Histories of Scotland ;
the writings of Alexander Alesius and the records of St. Andrews and Paris are the original authorities ;
Life of <mask>, by the Rev. Peter Lorimer, 1857, to which this article is much indebted ;
<mask>, a poem by T. B. Johnston of Cairnie, 1873
Rainer Haas, Franz Lambert und <mask> in ihrer Bedeutung für die Evangelische Bewegung auf den Britischen Inseln, Marburg (theses) 1973
The most recent biography in almost 100 years <mask> – The Stephen of Scotland (1504-1528): The First Preacher and Martyr of the Scottish Reformation, by Joe R. D. Carvalho, AD Publications, Dundee 2009. See also
Scottish Reformation
John Ogilvie (saint)
List of Protestant martyrs of the Scottish Reformation
References
Citations
Sources
Attribution
External links
1504 births
1528 deaths
People executed for heresy
Executed Scottish people
Alumni of the University of St Andrews
University of Paris alumni
16th-century Scottish clergy
Scottish abbots
16th-century Protestant religious leaders
16th-century Protestant martyrs
People from Linlithgow
People from South Lanarkshire
People executed by the Kingdom of Scotland by burning
16th-century executions by Scotland
Scottish Reformation
Protestant martyrs of Scotland | [
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] | <mask> was an early Protestant Reformer in Scotland. He traveled to Europe before returning to Scotland to preach. He was burnt at the stake in St Andrew's as Scotland's first martyr of the Reformation after being found guilty of being a heretic and handed over to secular authorities. He was the second son of Sir <mask> of Kincavil and Catherine Stewart, daughter of Alexander, Duke of Albany. He was most likely educated at Linlithgow, his father's estate in Lanarkshire, where he was born. He was the Abbot of Fearn Abbey in 1517. The income from this position paid for him to study at the University of Paris, where he became a Master of the Arts in 1520.In Paris, where Martin Luther's writings were already exciting much discussion, he first learned the doctrines he would later uphold. <mask> went to Leuven because he was attracted to the fame of the man who had his headquarters there. St Andrew's, the capital of the Catholic Church in Scotland and of education, was selected as <mask>'s residence. On 9 June 1523 he became a member of St Leonard's College and on 3 October 15 24 he was admitted to the faculty of arts at the University of St Andrews. <mask> was allowed to conduct a Solemn High Mass at the St. Andrew's Cathedral because of his influence at the university. The young abbot had a firm hold on the reforms, and he was eager to communicate them to his countrymen. The attention of James Beaton was directed to the heretical preaching of the young priest and he ordered that <mask> be tried.The University of Marburg was opened on 30 May 1527 by Philip of Hesse and <mask> was a student there. John Frith, William Tyndale and Hermann von dem Busche were some of the people he met there. Fr. was in the autumn of 1527. He spoke openly of his convictions when he returned to Scotland. He married a young lady of noble rank after abandoning clerical celibacy and preaching frequently at his brother's house near Linlithgow. The Abbot of Arbroath, avoiding open violence through fear of <mask>'s powerful protectors, was invited to a conference by David Beaton. After accepting the invitation, the Young minister was allowed to preach and debate for nearly a month.<mask>'s Places was published in 1528 and introduced Martin Luther's emphasis on the distinction of Law and Gospel. He was summoned before a council of bishops and clergy, presided over by the archbishop. The first theological exposition of Martin Luther's scriptural study and teachings in 1521 was the basis for seven of the charges. <mask> was sentenced to death on all thirteen charges after he expressed a belief in their truth. <mask> surrendered to the soldiery based on an assurance that he would be restored to his friends without injury. The secular power was handed over to him by the council after a debate with the friar. On the same day, the sentence was carried out.His last words were "Lord Jesus, receive my spirit". The spot is marked with his initials in the cobblestones of North Street. <mask>'s execution attracted a lot of attention to Lutheranism and contributed to the Reformation in Scotland. It was said that the reek of Master <mask> spread quickly. Alexander Ales, who was appointed to convince <mask> of his errors, entered into the Lutheran Church after <mask>'s execution. He was almost alone in Scotland during the Lutheran stage of the Reformation. His writings mirrored the doctrine of justification by faith and the contrast between the law and the faith in a series of clear-cut proposition."Patrickes Places" was not <mask>'s own title, but was given in the translation into English by John Fryth in 1564, and are presented in Book 8 of the 1570 edition of John Foxe's "Acts and Monuments". Students can lift the curse by participating in the annual May dip where they run into the North Sea at 05.00 to wash away their sins and bad luck. A school in New Zealand called 'Saint Kentigern College' has a house named after <mask>'s sister, who was also a Protestant. She was exiled to Tweed in March 1539 for her beliefs. She met the Queen in England. <mask> of Livingston fled after his sister was brought to trial for heresy before James V at Holyroodhouse in 1534, according to the historian John Spottiswood. The King was impressed by her answer to the prosecutor.He spoke to her privately and convinced her to abandon her faith. The other accused also changed his story. George M.Ella has a book review. The life of <mask> is one of the original authorities. This article is indebted to a poem by <mask>. There is a list of Protestant martyrs of the Scottish Reformation. | [
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17859751 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Ward%20%28tennis%29 | James Ward (tennis) | James Ward (born 9 February 1987) is a British former professional tennis player. He is a Davis Cup champion and former British No. 2.
He reached the quarterfinals of the 2010 Aegon International and the semifinals of the 2011 Aegon Championships as a wildcard entry. His best Grand Slam performance to date was reaching the third round of Wimbledon in 2015.
In February 2009, Ward played what was then, the longest tennis match in history, lasting 6 hrs 40 mins, eventually losing to Chris Eaton. This was a play-off match to decide the Davis Cup team, but it was not sanctioned by the ATP so was not an official record, and it was broken later.
Ward was part of the Great Britain team that won the Davis Cup in 2015, the nation's first success in the tournament for 79 years. He played in wins against the United States and France in the first round and quarterfinals, which included a crucial singles victory over US' John Isner to give Britain a 2–0 lead. Ward was also named in the team for the Davis Cup final, and the Davis Cup team won the 2015 BBC Sports Personality Team of the Year Award.
Early and personal life
Ward is the son of Jim Ward, a London black cab taxi driver who couldn't drive. Ward started playing tennis at around 10 because his father played some social tennis every weekend at Temple Fortune Club in Hendon. Ward also played football, but chose tennis. The club didn't have a junior programme and because coaches costs money, Ward only played once a week.
Ward would often be found at the Islington Tennis Centre in Market Road. During his early teenage years Ward was coached by Daren Quilty, Head Pro at Oakleigh Park Tennis Club in Whetstone, culminating in him reaching the semifinals of the Under-15s national championships.
After finishing his GCSEs at the age of 16, his entire family relocated to Spain so that Ward could attend the Equelite Juan Carlos Ferrero Academy near Valencia for four years, where he practised with former French Open champion Juan Carlos Ferrero. In 2007, Ward's father fell ill, causing a downturn in their finances, but the Academy allowed Ward to stay.
Ward enjoys playing on clay more than any other surface and currently trains in London.
Ward is famous for wearing colourful tennis shirts, after forming a bond with London designer Ted Baker, otherwise known as Ray Kelvin.
Ward is a fan of Arsenal F.C. At one time, Ward was so strapped for cash he had to sell his Gunners season ticket to help pay for his tennis career.
Career
He made his first tour appearance in Valencia in 2007 as a wild card but lost in the first round.
Ward qualified for only his second ATP tour event, the 2008 Stella Artois Championships at the Queen's Club in London. In the first round on 9 June he met former US Open and Australian Open champion, Russian player Marat Safin. Ward took the first set after breaking Safin in the third game of the match and managed to hold his serve for the rest of the set to take it 6–4. However Safin upped his game in the second set, gained an early break and won the set comfortably 6–1. Ward was also broken early in the deciding set losing 6–4, 1–6, 4–6.
2009
In February, Davis Cup captain John Lloyd selected six Britons for a play-off contest, to find two singles players for the Ukraine tie. In these, Ward competed in a then longest match in tennis history, lasting 6 hours and 40 minutes, against Chris Eaton on 25 February. Eaton won the match 6–3, 6–2, 6–7, 2–6, 21–19, but it was not sanctioned by the ATP so was not an official record. It was exceeded later by the Isner-Mahut match at the 2010 Wimbledon Championships. This was the second time that Ward had played a five set match – the first occasion had been the previous Monday also at the play-offs.
In May, he became the first British player to win a challenger title on clay since Tim Henman in 1995. He beat Carsten Ball in the final of the Sarasota Open in Florida, USA. This win propelled him into the top 250 of the ATP's rankings, establishing himself as British No. 2.
In September, Ward was struck with glandular fever, and dropped to British No. 3.
2010
In March, Ward made his Davis Cup debut in the Europe/Africa Zone Group II tie vs Lithuania, in Vilnius, with Dan Evans, Ken Skupski, and Colin Fleming. The Lithuanian side entered the tie as underdogs; fielding a team of teenagers. Ward beat Lithuanian No. 2 Laurynas Grigelis and became the first Briton other than Tim Henman, Greg Rusedski, or Andy Murray to win a live rubber since Andrew Richardson beat Zimbabwe's Byron Black in 1997. Evans lost the second singles match, Fleming and Skupski won their doubles, but Ward and Evans were both beaten on the final day. This was described as a humiliating Davis Cup defeat for Great Britain and led to the resignation of Davis Cup captain John Lloyd. Britain was then threatened with relegation to the third tier of the competition.
Tommy Peric became Ward's coach.
In June 2010, Ward reached his first ATP World Tour quarterfinal at the Aegon International, Eastbourne, UK. Ward beat second seed Feliciano López (who had beaten Rafael Nadal the week before) when López had to retire. He followed it up with a victory over the other man to lose at the semifinals of Queens the week before, Rainer Schüttler. He was eventually beaten by the young Ukrainian talent Alexandr Dolgopolov in straight sets.
The new Davis Cup captain Leon Smith selected Ward to take part in Great Britain's vital Davis Cup tie vs Turkey at Eastbourne in July alongside Jamie Baker, Ken Skupski, Colin Fleming, and Alex Ward (non-player). Defeat would have meant Great Britain's relegation to Europe Zone Group III. Ward contributed to the victory by winning both his singles matches, Britain eventually winning 5–0, and giving Great Britain a first Davis Cup win in three years.
At the Delhi Commonwealth Games in October, Ward became the first Englishman to play tennis in a Commonwealth Games. Seeded fourth in the singles, he beat Jamie Murray in the second round to reach the quarterfinals.
2011
Ward lost at the first hurdle in six of his seven tournaments at the beginning of this year.
So when Leon Smith, Britain's Davis Cup captain selected his team for the Euro/Africa Zone Group II tie against Tunisia in March, he sprang a surprise, omitting Alex Bogdanovic, having recalled the 26-year-old to the squad after a three-year absence. Instead, Smith's singles players were Ward (No. 214) and Jamie Baker (No. 406), who had lost first time out in his last two events. Although Bogdanovic (No. 374) had lost all six of his live Davis Cup rubbers, he had at least won a Futures tournament in the United States that year. Ward played a key role in Great Britain's 4–1 victory, winning both his live singles rubbers, and ultimately clinching the tie by beating Malek Jaziri 3–6, 6–3, 3–6, 6–3, 8–6 in the fourth rubber.
At the Queen's Club Championships, Ward reached the semifinals of an ATP tour event for the first time. He defeated fourth seed and future Grand Slam champion Stanislas Wawrinka in straight sets in the second round. Ward followed this up by defeating defending champion and 13th seed Sam Querrey, coming from a set down to win in three sets to equal his run at Eastbourne in 2010. Ward then defeated Adrian Mannarino in three sets, despite missing seven match points in the second-set tiebreaker. He was eventually defeated by Jo Wilfried Tsonga, having held a set point in the second-set tiebreaker. This was the first time two British players had reached this stage since the Open era began in 1968, the other man being Andy Murray.
At Wimbledon Ward entered as a wildcard, but lost in the first round to Michaël Llodra.
In July, Ward took part in the Davis Cup Luxembourg tie. Ward could not make good a ranking deficit of 106 places against world No. 81 Gilles Muller, and he lost the first rubber. Great Britain won 4–1, with Ward winning the dead rubber against unranked Laurent Bram, a full-time coach who played competitively when he could.
Following a short break, Ward's first tournament back was the Lexington Challenger. As top seed, Ward reached the final, losing to Wayne Odesnik. He was also runner-up in the doubles tournament. Two weeks later, Ward won the second Challenger tournament of his career at the 2011 Odlum Brown Vancouver Open, defeating Robby Ginepri. The win saw Ward rise to world No. 144. On 15 August ward rose to a career-high ranking of No. 140.
In September, Ward was selected for the Davis Cup promotion tie against Hungary. In the first rubber, Ward had a sometimes dramatic win over the visitors' No. 1 Attila Balazs. The drama came not so much from any searing quality of tennis, but from Ward's constant battle with cramping in his leg and queasiness that meant he had to nip backstage mid-match to empty the contents of his stomach. Ward had occasionally looked likely to default against an opponent ranked No. 262 in the world. With Andy Murray, Colin Fleming, and Ross Hutchins winning, Great Britain claimed a decisive 3–0 lead, and was promoted into Europe/Africa Zone Group I.
2012
Ward qualified for his first Grand Slam other than Wimbledon, but lost in the first round of the Australian Open to Slovenian Blaž Kavčič.
In February, Ward participated in the Davis Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I tie against Slovakia. Though he lost his singles rubbers, Great Britain won 3–2.
Ward suffered from a back injury and was unable to play in the Davis Cup tie against Belgium.
On 30 April, Ward reached a career-high ranking in singles of No. 137.
Entering Wimbledon on a wild card, Ward won his first match at a Grand Slam, coming through a grueling five-set match to defeat the World no. 36 Pablo Andújar. He won the final six games after trailing in the final set 0–3. In the second round on Court No 1, Ward narrowly lost to World no 12 Mardy Fish in another tough five-setter, and received a standing ovation.
Ward had recently sold his £1300 Arsenal F.C. season ticket to fund his tennis, so he had some regrets after earning £23,125 for winning his first round Wimbledon match.
In July, Ward fell over in Newport practising, breaking his wrist, and putting him out for six months. His ranking fell from No. 140 to No. 280.
In December, the Lawn Tennis Association announced that Ward was the only player in Britain’s top nine men to be funded for the following season.
2013
In January 2013, Ward failed to qualify for the Australian Open, reaching the third round of qualifying before losing to Julian Reister. Ward remained in Australia to compete in the Charles Sturt Adelaide International, where he reached the final, defeating top seed Yūichi Sugita along the way, before losing to home favourite Matthew Barton.
Ward was then selected for Great Britain's Davis Cup team for their Europe/Africa Zone Group I match against Russia in Coventry. Ward lost an epic first rubber to Evgeny Donskoy to give Russia a 2–0 lead heading into the doubles rubber the following day. The doubles pairing of Jonny Marray and Colin Fleming gave the home side some hope going into the final day of matches, where Ward opened the day. Ward stunned the much higher seeded Russian Dmitry Tursunov to level the tie. Dan Evans would eventually complete a remarkable turnaround, with a straight-set victory over Donskoy. The last time Great Britain had come from 2–0 down to win a Davis Cup tie was 83 years ago against Germany, Consequently, Great Britain won a place in the 16-team World Group play-offs in September. Ward had to be placed on a drip to help him recover from his efforts. The following Monday afternoon, Ward was not feeling well so he was again put on a drip.
Ward kicked off his clay season in China, where he qualified for the An-Ning ATP $50,000 Challenger event and reached the final. His route to the final included a victory over fourth seed Josselin Ouanna. He lost to Hungarian Márton Fucsovics in the final.
Ward's first grass tournament was the annual event at Queen's Club, where he lost in the first round to Ivan Dodig, despite having two match points on serve in the second set.
In July, Ward won his third Challenger title at Lexington, USA.
In November, the Lawn Tennis Association announced a dramatic cut in elite player funding, with all financial support being withdrawn from Britain’s doubles specialists and any singles players aged over 24, such as Ward, to reduce the number of supported players from 16 to just six in 2014.
Andy Murray asked Ward to stay at his training camp in Miami for December, but Ward made a last-minute decision to stay home.
2014
Ward started 2014 in Brisbane, competing in the Brisbane International, losing in the second round of qualifying to Marius Copil in three sets. Ward then went on to the Australian Open, where he disappointingly lost in the first round of qualifying to Andrea Arnaboldi. Soon after, Ward competed in the Maui Challenger, a common tournament for those who failed to make the Australian Open main draw. However, Ward once again lost disappointingly in the first round against Denis Kudla.
In late January, Ward was called to the Great British Davis Cup squad for the World Group first round tie against the United States in San Diego and was chosen to play the second rubber against world No. 49 Sam Querrey. Ward was two games from defeat in the fourth set before producing a remarkable comeback to beat Querrey in five sets and increase Great Britain's lead to 2–0. Ward agreed that it was the greatest win of his career.
Great Britain would later go on to win the tie 3–1, with Andy Murray securing two victories; Ward was scheduled to play the final rubber against Donald Young but both teams decided not to play.
Ward entered the Open BNP Paribas Banque de Bretagne as a sixth seed. However, he lost in the first round of 32 against Maxime Authom. Moving on to the Open 13, Ward entered qualifying and fought his way to the third and final round. However, he lost to Ricardas Berankis, ending his progress in the tournament. He had more success in the Dubai Tennis Championships, entering as a Wild Card into the main draw. In the first round of 32, Ward beat Teymuraz Gabashvili in three sets in order to advance to the second round of 16. There, he lost to sixth seed, Mikhail Youzhny, earning nearly $25,000 in the progress. Ward also entered the Qualifying tournament at the BNP Paribas Open. At Indian Wells, Ward progressed to the second Qualifying Round, but lost to Paul-Henri Mathieu in straight sets. However, taking advantage of the withdrawal, Ward received a Wild Card into the Main Draw in place of the sixth seed Juan Martín del Potro, thus earning a Bye in the First Round of 128. Despite losing in the Round of 64 to Feliciano Lopez, Ward once again earned around $16,000.
Entering the Visit Panamá Cup main draw directly, Ward lost to Gastão Elias in the first round. Moving on, Ward was once again called into the Davis Cup squad, to compete against Italy. Ward competed in two live rubbers in the tie, losing hard-fought battles against both Fabio Fognini and Andreas Seppi. Due to Fognini's win over Andy Murray, Italy won the tie 3–2.
Ward qualified for the French Open for the first time thanks to victories over Moldovan Radu Albot in the first round of qualifying, and over American Ryan Harrison in the second. He followed this up with a tense victory over Slovenian Blaz Rola in the final round. By doing so, Ward became the first British player to progress through qualifying for the French Open since John Lloyd in 1973. He eventually lost in the main draw first round to Radu Albot.
In December, Ward and Kyle Edmund trained with Andy Murray at his training camp in Miami for two and a half weeks.
2015: Davis Cup Champion
In January, Ward joined Andy Murray's training camp in Dubai.
Ward played at the invitational Kooyong Classic in Melbourne, beating American No 1 John Isner 3–6, 7–6, 6–2 in an exhibition match.
At the Australian Open, Ward was named as the sixth alternate on the main entry list. but a number of withdrawals meant that Ward joined the main draw and did not need to qualify. Ward became the first British male singles player other than Andy Murray to earn direct entry into a Grand Slam since Tim Henman at the 2007 US Open. Ward played 31st seed Fernando Verdasco in the first round, losing 2–6 6–0 7–6 (8–6) 6–3.
In March, Ward was selected for the Davis Cup first round tie against the United States in Glasgow, pulling off the biggest win of his career. Ward, ranked 111 in the world, came from two sets down to beat 20th-ranked John Isner 6–7 (5–7) 5–7 6–3 7–6 (7–3) 15–13 in a match which surpassed the five-hour mark, to set Great Britain on their way to victory. The last time Great Britain won back-to-back Davis Cup matches against the USA, was 80 years ago.
Ward made it into the third round of Wimbledon for the first time, where he was knocked out by Vasek Pospisil 4–6 6–3 6–2 3–6 6–8. Along with Andy Murray, there were two British men in the third round for the first time since 2002. After Wimbledon, he was ranked in the top 100 players for the first time, reaching a career-high ranking of 89.
He was also part of the team for the Davis Cup quarter final against France. Ward lost to Gilles Simon, the world No 11, but Great Britain won 3–1 to qualify for the Davis Cup semi-final.
Since Wimbledon, Ward suffered nine successive defeats, but was announced for the Davis Cup team in the semi-final against Australia in Glasgow. The Davis Cup captain, Leon Smith, eventually made the surprise decision to give the 300 ranked Dan Evans the second singles position along with Andy Murray. Though Dan Evans lost his rubber, Great Britain won 3–2 and reached the Davis Cup Final for the first time since 1978.
In October, Ward won his fourth Challenger title in Bangalore, defeating top seed Adrian Menendez-Maceiras 6–2, 7–5 to clinch his first title on the Challenger Tour since July 2013.
After a disastrous loss of form during the summer, Ward had been under threat of dropping outside the world's top 200 by the end of the year, but his success ensured a ranking of 143. Ward then made it an eight match winning streak by reaching the semi finals of the Pune Challenger. This success led to Ward being made the Aegon Player of the Month for October.
Davis Cup Captain Leon Smith supervised Ward and Kyle Edmund, accompanying them to South America to help him decide on his second singles player for the Davis Cup Final. In November, the 20-year-old Edmund won the Copa Fila Challenge title in Argentina on clay beating Brazil’s Carlos Berlocq, ranked No 112 in the world and an expert on the red stuff. Ward lost in the second round of the same event, though Ward, ranked 156, had won the hard court Bangalore Challenger. On the same day as Edmund's victory, Dan Evans, ranked 271, won the Knoxville Challenger on a hard court, but with Belgium opting to stage the tie on an indoor clay court, Smith chose to go with the British number two Edmund, now ranked 100, as his second singles player.
Ward, Kyle Edmund, Jamie Murray and Andy Murray were chosen for the 2015 Davis Cup Final versus Belgium in Ghent.
Edmund made his Davis Cup debut in the 2015 final playing the first singles match against Belgian Number 1 David Goffin, ranked No 16, but lost 6–3, 6–1, 2–6, 1–6, 0–6. There were suggestions that Smith would replace Edmund with the more experienced Ward if the final was locked at 2–2 on Sunday, yet Smith indicated that he could stick with Edmund. Great Britain went on to lead 3–1, and win the Davis Cup for the first time since 1936.
After returning home, Ward revealed that his coach, Australian Darren Tandy, was seriously ill with cancer and that had brought an end to their working relationship. Tandy received an initial diagnosis of colon cancer during the post-Wimbledon tournaments in America, and suffered a stroke while they were together at the US Open together. Ward said 'I am not using it as an excuse for what happened after Wimbledon but obviously it did not help. The most important thing is Darren’s health and it has been an upsetting and worrying situation.'
On 4 December, Ward booked his first practice session with his new coach Morgan Phillips, a former British player from Croydon, and one of his best friends.
Ward joined the rest of the Davis Cup team at the BBC Sports Personality of the Year Show, where they won the 2015 Team of the Year Award.
2016
Ward's best results this year were quarter final appearances at the Tallahassee Challenger and the Manchester Challenger
Ward failed to qualify for the Australian Open, French Open and US Open, and was beaten in the first or second round of two ATP and nine Challenger tournaments, plus five ATP Qualifiers. Ward had to cope with recurring tendonitis in his right knee, and the death of his coach.
Entering Wimbledon on a wildcard, Ward's first round match was against world no 1 Novak Djokovic on Centre Court. Initially losing 0-6, 0-3, whilst not winning a single point in the first set, Ward came back to take the second set to a tie-break, but was eventually beaten 0-6, 6-7, 4-6.
After Wimbledon, Ward was due to play an ATP qualifier, but six hours before his flight to the USA, he was called up for the Davis Cup quarter final against Serbia in Belgrade, to cover the absence of Andy Murray, and Dan Evans who had a shoulder problem and some problems at home. Persistent rain during Kyle Edmund's successful match meant that Ward had to play the second singles on Saturday. Dusan Lajovic, world no 81 and the Serbian number one in the absence of Novak Djokovic and Viktor Troicki beat Ward heavily in a straight sets victory to make it 1-1. With Jamie Murray and Dominic Inglot winning the doubles and Kyle Edmund victorious over Dusan Lajovic, Great Britain won 3-1 to progress to the Davis Cup semi final.
Ward's last match of the year was in September at the St Petersburg Open first round qualifier.
His ranking fell from 156 in January to 444 by the end of the year.
2017
After an eight-month absence due to a knee problem, Ward returned in June for the British grass court season, but lost five first round matches, including Wimbledon where he had received a wild card.
Retirement
Ward announced his retirement from professional tennis on 17 December 2021.
Performance timelines
Singles
Current through the 2021 Wimbledon Championships.
Doubles
ATP Challengers and ITF Futures finals
Singles: 19 (9 titles, 10 runner-ups)
Doubles: 6 (3 titles, 3 runner-ups)
National participation
Davis Cup: 21 (10 wins, 11 losses)
indicates the result of the Davis Cup match followed by the score, date, place of event, the zonal classification and its phase, and the court surface.
World TeamTennis
Ward played his first season with World TeamTennis in 2019 debuting with the San Diego Aviators but finishing up with the Orange County Breakers after a rare trade during the team's playoff push. He is set to join the Orlando Storm during the 2020 season scheduled to begin July 12.
References
External links
LTA Profile
1987 births
Living people
English male tennis players
Sportspeople from Basingstoke
Tennis players at the 2010 Commonwealth Games
British male tennis players
Tennis people from Greater London
Commonwealth Games competitors for England | [
"James Ward (born 9 February 1987) is a British former professional tennis player.",
"He is a Davis Cup champion and former British No.",
"2.",
"He reached the quarterfinals of the 2010 Aegon International and the semifinals of the 2011 Aegon Championships as a wildcard entry.",
"His best Grand Slam performance to date was reaching the third round of Wimbledon in 2015.",
"In February 2009, Ward played what was then, the longest tennis match in history, lasting 6 hrs 40 mins, eventually losing to Chris Eaton.",
"This was a play-off match to decide the Davis Cup team, but it was not sanctioned by the ATP so was not an official record, and it was broken later.",
"Ward was part of the Great Britain team that won the Davis Cup in 2015, the nation's first success in the tournament for 79 years.",
"He played in wins against the United States and France in the first round and quarterfinals, which included a crucial singles victory over US' John Isner to give Britain a 2–0 lead.",
"Ward was also named in the team for the Davis Cup final, and the Davis Cup team won the 2015 BBC Sports Personality Team of the Year Award.",
"Early and personal life\nWard is the son of Jim Ward, a London black cab taxi driver who couldn't drive.",
"Ward started playing tennis at around 10 because his father played some social tennis every weekend at Temple Fortune Club in Hendon.",
"Ward also played football, but chose tennis.",
"The club didn't have a junior programme and because coaches costs money, Ward only played once a week.",
"Ward would often be found at the Islington Tennis Centre in Market Road.",
"During his early teenage years Ward was coached by Daren Quilty, Head Pro at Oakleigh Park Tennis Club in Whetstone, culminating in him reaching the semifinals of the Under-15s national championships.",
"After finishing his GCSEs at the age of 16, his entire family relocated to Spain so that Ward could attend the Equelite Juan Carlos Ferrero Academy near Valencia for four years, where he practised with former French Open champion Juan Carlos Ferrero.",
"In 2007, Ward's father fell ill, causing a downturn in their finances, but the Academy allowed Ward to stay.",
"Ward enjoys playing on clay more than any other surface and currently trains in London.",
"Ward is famous for wearing colourful tennis shirts, after forming a bond with London designer Ted Baker, otherwise known as Ray Kelvin.",
"Ward is a fan of Arsenal F.C.",
"At one time, Ward was so strapped for cash he had to sell his Gunners season ticket to help pay for his tennis career.",
"Career\nHe made his first tour appearance in Valencia in 2007 as a wild card but lost in the first round.",
"Ward qualified for only his second ATP tour event, the 2008 Stella Artois Championships at the Queen's Club in London.",
"In the first round on 9 June he met former US Open and Australian Open champion, Russian player Marat Safin.",
"Ward took the first set after breaking Safin in the third game of the match and managed to hold his serve for the rest of the set to take it 6–4.",
"However Safin upped his game in the second set, gained an early break and won the set comfortably 6–1.",
"Ward was also broken early in the deciding set losing 6–4, 1–6, 4–6.",
"2009\n\nIn February, Davis Cup captain John Lloyd selected six Britons for a play-off contest, to find two singles players for the Ukraine tie.",
"In these, Ward competed in a then longest match in tennis history, lasting 6 hours and 40 minutes, against Chris Eaton on 25 February.",
"Eaton won the match 6–3, 6–2, 6–7, 2–6, 21–19, but it was not sanctioned by the ATP so was not an official record.",
"It was exceeded later by the Isner-Mahut match at the 2010 Wimbledon Championships.",
"This was the second time that Ward had played a five set match – the first occasion had been the previous Monday also at the play-offs.",
"In May, he became the first British player to win a challenger title on clay since Tim Henman in 1995.",
"He beat Carsten Ball in the final of the Sarasota Open in Florida, USA.",
"This win propelled him into the top 250 of the ATP's rankings, establishing himself as British No.",
"2.",
"In September, Ward was struck with glandular fever, and dropped to British No.",
"3.",
"2010\nIn March, Ward made his Davis Cup debut in the Europe/Africa Zone Group II tie vs Lithuania, in Vilnius, with Dan Evans, Ken Skupski, and Colin Fleming.",
"The Lithuanian side entered the tie as underdogs; fielding a team of teenagers.",
"Ward beat Lithuanian No.",
"2 Laurynas Grigelis and became the first Briton other than Tim Henman, Greg Rusedski, or Andy Murray to win a live rubber since Andrew Richardson beat Zimbabwe's Byron Black in 1997.",
"Evans lost the second singles match, Fleming and Skupski won their doubles, but Ward and Evans were both beaten on the final day.",
"This was described as a humiliating Davis Cup defeat for Great Britain and led to the resignation of Davis Cup captain John Lloyd.",
"Britain was then threatened with relegation to the third tier of the competition.",
"Tommy Peric became Ward's coach.",
"In June 2010, Ward reached his first ATP World Tour quarterfinal at the Aegon International, Eastbourne, UK.",
"Ward beat second seed Feliciano López (who had beaten Rafael Nadal the week before) when López had to retire.",
"He followed it up with a victory over the other man to lose at the semifinals of Queens the week before, Rainer Schüttler.",
"He was eventually beaten by the young Ukrainian talent Alexandr Dolgopolov in straight sets.",
"The new Davis Cup captain Leon Smith selected Ward to take part in Great Britain's vital Davis Cup tie vs Turkey at Eastbourne in July alongside Jamie Baker, Ken Skupski, Colin Fleming, and Alex Ward (non-player).",
"Defeat would have meant Great Britain's relegation to Europe Zone Group III.",
"Ward contributed to the victory by winning both his singles matches, Britain eventually winning 5–0, and giving Great Britain a first Davis Cup win in three years.",
"At the Delhi Commonwealth Games in October, Ward became the first Englishman to play tennis in a Commonwealth Games.",
"Seeded fourth in the singles, he beat Jamie Murray in the second round to reach the quarterfinals.",
"2011\n\nWard lost at the first hurdle in six of his seven tournaments at the beginning of this year.",
"So when Leon Smith, Britain's Davis Cup captain selected his team for the Euro/Africa Zone Group II tie against Tunisia in March, he sprang a surprise, omitting Alex Bogdanovic, having recalled the 26-year-old to the squad after a three-year absence.",
"Instead, Smith's singles players were Ward (No.",
"214) and Jamie Baker (No.",
"406), who had lost first time out in his last two events.",
"Although Bogdanovic (No.",
"374) had lost all six of his live Davis Cup rubbers, he had at least won a Futures tournament in the United States that year.",
"Ward played a key role in Great Britain's 4–1 victory, winning both his live singles rubbers, and ultimately clinching the tie by beating Malek Jaziri 3–6, 6–3, 3–6, 6–3, 8–6 in the fourth rubber.",
"At the Queen's Club Championships, Ward reached the semifinals of an ATP tour event for the first time.",
"He defeated fourth seed and future Grand Slam champion Stanislas Wawrinka in straight sets in the second round.",
"Ward followed this up by defeating defending champion and 13th seed Sam Querrey, coming from a set down to win in three sets to equal his run at Eastbourne in 2010.",
"Ward then defeated Adrian Mannarino in three sets, despite missing seven match points in the second-set tiebreaker.",
"He was eventually defeated by Jo Wilfried Tsonga, having held a set point in the second-set tiebreaker.",
"This was the first time two British players had reached this stage since the Open era began in 1968, the other man being Andy Murray.",
"At Wimbledon Ward entered as a wildcard, but lost in the first round to Michaël Llodra.",
"In July, Ward took part in the Davis Cup Luxembourg tie.",
"Ward could not make good a ranking deficit of 106 places against world No.",
"81 Gilles Muller, and he lost the first rubber.",
"Great Britain won 4–1, with Ward winning the dead rubber against unranked Laurent Bram, a full-time coach who played competitively when he could.",
"Following a short break, Ward's first tournament back was the Lexington Challenger.",
"As top seed, Ward reached the final, losing to Wayne Odesnik.",
"He was also runner-up in the doubles tournament.",
"Two weeks later, Ward won the second Challenger tournament of his career at the 2011 Odlum Brown Vancouver Open, defeating Robby Ginepri.",
"The win saw Ward rise to world No.",
"144.",
"On 15 August ward rose to a career-high ranking of No.",
"140.",
"In September, Ward was selected for the Davis Cup promotion tie against Hungary.",
"In the first rubber, Ward had a sometimes dramatic win over the visitors' No.",
"1 Attila Balazs.",
"The drama came not so much from any searing quality of tennis, but from Ward's constant battle with cramping in his leg and queasiness that meant he had to nip backstage mid-match to empty the contents of his stomach.",
"Ward had occasionally looked likely to default against an opponent ranked No.",
"262 in the world.",
"With Andy Murray, Colin Fleming, and Ross Hutchins winning, Great Britain claimed a decisive 3–0 lead, and was promoted into Europe/Africa Zone Group I.",
"2012\n\nWard qualified for his first Grand Slam other than Wimbledon, but lost in the first round of the Australian Open to Slovenian Blaž Kavčič.",
"In February, Ward participated in the Davis Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I tie against Slovakia.",
"Though he lost his singles rubbers, Great Britain won 3–2.",
"Ward suffered from a back injury and was unable to play in the Davis Cup tie against Belgium.",
"On 30 April, Ward reached a career-high ranking in singles of No.",
"137.",
"Entering Wimbledon on a wild card, Ward won his first match at a Grand Slam, coming through a grueling five-set match to defeat the World no.",
"36 Pablo Andújar.",
"He won the final six games after trailing in the final set 0–3.",
"In the second round on Court No 1, Ward narrowly lost to World no 12 Mardy Fish in another tough five-setter, and received a standing ovation.",
"Ward had recently sold his £1300 Arsenal F.C.",
"season ticket to fund his tennis, so he had some regrets after earning £23,125 for winning his first round Wimbledon match.",
"In July, Ward fell over in Newport practising, breaking his wrist, and putting him out for six months.",
"His ranking fell from No.",
"140 to No.",
"280.",
"In December, the Lawn Tennis Association announced that Ward was the only player in Britain’s top nine men to be funded for the following season.",
"2013\n\nIn January 2013, Ward failed to qualify for the Australian Open, reaching the third round of qualifying before losing to Julian Reister.",
"Ward remained in Australia to compete in the Charles Sturt Adelaide International, where he reached the final, defeating top seed Yūichi Sugita along the way, before losing to home favourite Matthew Barton.",
"Ward was then selected for Great Britain's Davis Cup team for their Europe/Africa Zone Group I match against Russia in Coventry.",
"Ward lost an epic first rubber to Evgeny Donskoy to give Russia a 2–0 lead heading into the doubles rubber the following day.",
"The doubles pairing of Jonny Marray and Colin Fleming gave the home side some hope going into the final day of matches, where Ward opened the day.",
"Ward stunned the much higher seeded Russian Dmitry Tursunov to level the tie.",
"Dan Evans would eventually complete a remarkable turnaround, with a straight-set victory over Donskoy.",
"The last time Great Britain had come from 2–0 down to win a Davis Cup tie was 83 years ago against Germany, Consequently, Great Britain won a place in the 16-team World Group play-offs in September.",
"Ward had to be placed on a drip to help him recover from his efforts.",
"The following Monday afternoon, Ward was not feeling well so he was again put on a drip.",
"Ward kicked off his clay season in China, where he qualified for the An-Ning ATP $50,000 Challenger event and reached the final.",
"His route to the final included a victory over fourth seed Josselin Ouanna.",
"He lost to Hungarian Márton Fucsovics in the final.",
"Ward's first grass tournament was the annual event at Queen's Club, where he lost in the first round to Ivan Dodig, despite having two match points on serve in the second set.",
"In July, Ward won his third Challenger title at Lexington, USA.",
"In November, the Lawn Tennis Association announced a dramatic cut in elite player funding, with all financial support being withdrawn from Britain’s doubles specialists and any singles players aged over 24, such as Ward, to reduce the number of supported players from 16 to just six in 2014.",
"Andy Murray asked Ward to stay at his training camp in Miami for December, but Ward made a last-minute decision to stay home.",
"2014\nWard started 2014 in Brisbane, competing in the Brisbane International, losing in the second round of qualifying to Marius Copil in three sets.",
"Ward then went on to the Australian Open, where he disappointingly lost in the first round of qualifying to Andrea Arnaboldi.",
"Soon after, Ward competed in the Maui Challenger, a common tournament for those who failed to make the Australian Open main draw.",
"However, Ward once again lost disappointingly in the first round against Denis Kudla.",
"In late January, Ward was called to the Great British Davis Cup squad for the World Group first round tie against the United States in San Diego and was chosen to play the second rubber against world No.",
"49 Sam Querrey.",
"Ward was two games from defeat in the fourth set before producing a remarkable comeback to beat Querrey in five sets and increase Great Britain's lead to 2–0.",
"Ward agreed that it was the greatest win of his career.",
"Great Britain would later go on to win the tie 3–1, with Andy Murray securing two victories; Ward was scheduled to play the final rubber against Donald Young but both teams decided not to play.",
"Ward entered the Open BNP Paribas Banque de Bretagne as a sixth seed.",
"However, he lost in the first round of 32 against Maxime Authom.",
"Moving on to the Open 13, Ward entered qualifying and fought his way to the third and final round.",
"However, he lost to Ricardas Berankis, ending his progress in the tournament.",
"He had more success in the Dubai Tennis Championships, entering as a Wild Card into the main draw.",
"In the first round of 32, Ward beat Teymuraz Gabashvili in three sets in order to advance to the second round of 16.",
"There, he lost to sixth seed, Mikhail Youzhny, earning nearly $25,000 in the progress.",
"Ward also entered the Qualifying tournament at the BNP Paribas Open.",
"At Indian Wells, Ward progressed to the second Qualifying Round, but lost to Paul-Henri Mathieu in straight sets.",
"However, taking advantage of the withdrawal, Ward received a Wild Card into the Main Draw in place of the sixth seed Juan Martín del Potro, thus earning a Bye in the First Round of 128.",
"Despite losing in the Round of 64 to Feliciano Lopez, Ward once again earned around $16,000.",
"Entering the Visit Panamá Cup main draw directly, Ward lost to Gastão Elias in the first round.",
"Moving on, Ward was once again called into the Davis Cup squad, to compete against Italy.",
"Ward competed in two live rubbers in the tie, losing hard-fought battles against both Fabio Fognini and Andreas Seppi.",
"Due to Fognini's win over Andy Murray, Italy won the tie 3–2.",
"Ward qualified for the French Open for the first time thanks to victories over Moldovan Radu Albot in the first round of qualifying, and over American Ryan Harrison in the second.",
"He followed this up with a tense victory over Slovenian Blaz Rola in the final round.",
"By doing so, Ward became the first British player to progress through qualifying for the French Open since John Lloyd in 1973.",
"He eventually lost in the main draw first round to Radu Albot.",
"In December, Ward and Kyle Edmund trained with Andy Murray at his training camp in Miami for two and a half weeks.",
"2015: Davis Cup Champion \n\nIn January, Ward joined Andy Murray's training camp in Dubai.",
"Ward played at the invitational Kooyong Classic in Melbourne, beating American No 1 John Isner 3–6, 7–6, 6–2 in an exhibition match.",
"At the Australian Open, Ward was named as the sixth alternate on the main entry list.",
"but a number of withdrawals meant that Ward joined the main draw and did not need to qualify.",
"Ward became the first British male singles player other than Andy Murray to earn direct entry into a Grand Slam since Tim Henman at the 2007 US Open.",
"Ward played 31st seed Fernando Verdasco in the first round, losing 2–6 6–0 7–6 (8–6) 6–3.",
"In March, Ward was selected for the Davis Cup first round tie against the United States in Glasgow, pulling off the biggest win of his career.",
"Ward, ranked 111 in the world, came from two sets down to beat 20th-ranked John Isner 6–7 (5–7) 5–7 6–3 7–6 (7–3) 15–13 in a match which surpassed the five-hour mark, to set Great Britain on their way to victory.",
"The last time Great Britain won back-to-back Davis Cup matches against the USA, was 80 years ago.",
"Ward made it into the third round of Wimbledon for the first time, where he was knocked out by Vasek Pospisil 4–6 6–3 6–2 3–6 6–8.",
"Along with Andy Murray, there were two British men in the third round for the first time since 2002.",
"After Wimbledon, he was ranked in the top 100 players for the first time, reaching a career-high ranking of 89.",
"He was also part of the team for the Davis Cup quarter final against France.",
"Ward lost to Gilles Simon, the world No 11, but Great Britain won 3–1 to qualify for the Davis Cup semi-final.",
"Since Wimbledon, Ward suffered nine successive defeats, but was announced for the Davis Cup team in the semi-final against Australia in Glasgow.",
"The Davis Cup captain, Leon Smith, eventually made the surprise decision to give the 300 ranked Dan Evans the second singles position along with Andy Murray.",
"Though Dan Evans lost his rubber, Great Britain won 3–2 and reached the Davis Cup Final for the first time since 1978.",
"In October, Ward won his fourth Challenger title in Bangalore, defeating top seed Adrian Menendez-Maceiras 6–2, 7–5 to clinch his first title on the Challenger Tour since July 2013.",
"After a disastrous loss of form during the summer, Ward had been under threat of dropping outside the world's top 200 by the end of the year, but his success ensured a ranking of 143.",
"Ward then made it an eight match winning streak by reaching the semi finals of the Pune Challenger.",
"This success led to Ward being made the Aegon Player of the Month for October.",
"Davis Cup Captain Leon Smith supervised Ward and Kyle Edmund, accompanying them to South America to help him decide on his second singles player for the Davis Cup Final.",
"In November, the 20-year-old Edmund won the Copa Fila Challenge title in Argentina on clay beating Brazil’s Carlos Berlocq, ranked No 112 in the world and an expert on the red stuff.",
"Ward lost in the second round of the same event, though Ward, ranked 156, had won the hard court Bangalore Challenger.",
"On the same day as Edmund's victory, Dan Evans, ranked 271, won the Knoxville Challenger on a hard court, but with Belgium opting to stage the tie on an indoor clay court, Smith chose to go with the British number two Edmund, now ranked 100, as his second singles player.",
"Ward, Kyle Edmund, Jamie Murray and Andy Murray were chosen for the 2015 Davis Cup Final versus Belgium in Ghent.",
"Edmund made his Davis Cup debut in the 2015 final playing the first singles match against Belgian Number 1 David Goffin, ranked No 16, but lost 6–3, 6–1, 2–6, 1–6, 0–6.",
"There were suggestions that Smith would replace Edmund with the more experienced Ward if the final was locked at 2–2 on Sunday, yet Smith indicated that he could stick with Edmund.",
"Great Britain went on to lead 3–1, and win the Davis Cup for the first time since 1936.",
"After returning home, Ward revealed that his coach, Australian Darren Tandy, was seriously ill with cancer and that had brought an end to their working relationship.",
"Tandy received an initial diagnosis of colon cancer during the post-Wimbledon tournaments in America, and suffered a stroke while they were together at the US Open together.",
"Ward said 'I am not using it as an excuse for what happened after Wimbledon but obviously it did not help.",
"The most important thing is Darren’s health and it has been an upsetting and worrying situation.'",
"On 4 December, Ward booked his first practice session with his new coach Morgan Phillips, a former British player from Croydon, and one of his best friends.",
"Ward joined the rest of the Davis Cup team at the BBC Sports Personality of the Year Show, where they won the 2015 Team of the Year Award.",
"2016 \nWard's best results this year were quarter final appearances at the Tallahassee Challenger and the Manchester Challenger\n\nWard failed to qualify for the Australian Open, French Open and US Open, and was beaten in the first or second round of two ATP and nine Challenger tournaments, plus five ATP Qualifiers.",
"Ward had to cope with recurring tendonitis in his right knee, and the death of his coach.",
"Entering Wimbledon on a wildcard, Ward's first round match was against world no 1 Novak Djokovic on Centre Court.",
"Initially losing 0-6, 0-3, whilst not winning a single point in the first set, Ward came back to take the second set to a tie-break, but was eventually beaten 0-6, 6-7, 4-6.",
"After Wimbledon, Ward was due to play an ATP qualifier, but six hours before his flight to the USA, he was called up for the Davis Cup quarter final against Serbia in Belgrade, to cover the absence of Andy Murray, and Dan Evans who had a shoulder problem and some problems at home.",
"Persistent rain during Kyle Edmund's successful match meant that Ward had to play the second singles on Saturday.",
"Dusan Lajovic, world no 81 and the Serbian number one in the absence of Novak Djokovic and Viktor Troicki beat Ward heavily in a straight sets victory to make it 1-1.",
"With Jamie Murray and Dominic Inglot winning the doubles and Kyle Edmund victorious over Dusan Lajovic, Great Britain won 3-1 to progress to the Davis Cup semi final.",
"Ward's last match of the year was in September at the St Petersburg Open first round qualifier.",
"His ranking fell from 156 in January to 444 by the end of the year.",
"2017 \n\nAfter an eight-month absence due to a knee problem, Ward returned in June for the British grass court season, but lost five first round matches, including Wimbledon where he had received a wild card.",
"Retirement \nWard announced his retirement from professional tennis on 17 December 2021.",
"Performance timelines\n\nSingles\nCurrent through the 2021 Wimbledon Championships.",
"Doubles\n\nATP Challengers and ITF Futures finals\n\nSingles: 19 (9 titles, 10 runner-ups)\n\nDoubles: 6 (3 titles, 3 runner-ups)\n\nNational participation\n\nDavis Cup: 21 (10 wins, 11 losses)\n\n indicates the result of the Davis Cup match followed by the score, date, place of event, the zonal classification and its phase, and the court surface.",
"World TeamTennis\nWard played his first season with World TeamTennis in 2019 debuting with the San Diego Aviators but finishing up with the Orange County Breakers after a rare trade during the team's playoff push.",
"He is set to join the Orlando Storm during the 2020 season scheduled to begin July 12.",
"References\n\nExternal links\n\nLTA Profile\n\n1987 births\nLiving people\nEnglish male tennis players\nSportspeople from Basingstoke\nTennis players at the 2010 Commonwealth Games\nBritish male tennis players\nTennis people from Greater London\nCommonwealth Games competitors for England"
] | [
"James Ward is a former professional tennis player.",
"He is a former British No. 1 and a Davis Cup champion.",
"2.",
"He reached the quarterfinals of the Aegon International in 2010 and the semifinals of the Aegon Championships in 2011.",
"He reached the third round of Wimbledon in 2015.",
"In February 2009, Ward played what was then, the longest tennis match in history, lasting 6 hours and 40 minutes, eventually losing to Chris Eaton.",
"This was a play-off match to decide the Davis Cup team, but it was not an official record, and it was broken later.",
"The Great Britain team that won the Davis Cup in 2015 was led by Ward.",
"The singles victory over John Isner gave Britain a 2–0 lead over the US in the first round of the playoffs.",
"The Davis Cup team won the Team of the Year Award from the British Broadcasting Corporation.",
"Jim Ward was a London black cab taxi driver who couldn't drive.",
"Ward started playing tennis when he was 10 because his father used to play at Temple Fortune Club.",
"Ward played both football and tennis.",
"Ward only played once a week because the club didn't have a junior programme.",
"The tennis centre is located in Market Road.",
"Ward reached the semifinals of the Under-15s national championships after being coached by Daren Quilty, Head Pro at the Oakleigh Park Tennis Club in Whetstone.",
"After finishing his exams at the age of 16, Ward's family relocated to Spain so that he could attend the Juan Carlos Ferrero Academy, where he practiced with a former French Open champion.",
"The Academy allowed Ward to stay in 2007, even though his father fell ill and caused a downturn in their finances.",
"Ward is 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884",
"After forming a bond with Ted Baker, Ward became famous for wearing colorful tennis shirts.",
"Ward is a fan of football.",
"Ward had to sell his season ticket to help pay for his tennis career because he was so strapped for cash.",
"He made his first tour appearance in Valencia in 2007, but lost in the first round.",
"The 2008 Stella Artois Championships at the Queen's Club in London was the second tour event for Ward.",
"He met a former US Open and Australian Open champion in the first round.",
"Ward took the first set after breaking Safin in the third game of the match and holding his serve for the rest of the set to take it 6–4.",
"In the second set, Safin gained an early break and went on to win 6–1.",
"Ward was broken early in the deciding set.",
"John Lloyd selected six Britons for a play-off contest to find two singles players for the Davis Cup tie.",
"In these, Ward competed in a tennis match that lasted 6 hours and 40 minutes.",
"The match was not an official record because it was not sanctioned by the ATP.",
"At the 2010 Wimbledon Championships, it was exceeded by the Isner-Mahut match.",
"The first time that Ward had played a five set match was the previous Monday at the play-offs.",
"He was the first British player to win a clay title since Tim Henman in 1995.",
"The final of the Sarasota Open was won by him.",
"He was catapulted into the top 250 of the rankings after this win.",
"2.",
"Ward was struck with glandular fever and dropped to British No.",
"3.",
"In March 2010, Ward made his Davis Cup debut in the Europe/Africa Zone Group II tie with Dan Evans, Ken Skupski, and Colin Fleming.",
"The team of teenagers from theLithuanian side entered the tie as outsiders.",
"The Ward beat theLithuanian No.",
"Since 1997, only Tim Henman, Greg Rusedski, or Andy Murray have won live rubbers for Britain.",
"Evans lost the second singles match, Fleming and Skupski won their doubles, but Ward and Evans were both beaten on the final day.",
"John Lloyd, the captain of the Davis Cup, resigned after the humiliation of the loss to Great Britain.",
"Britain was threatened with being demoted to the third tier of the competition.",
"Ward's coach was Tommy Peric.",
"The Aegon International was where Ward reached his first World Tour quarterfinals.",
"Lpez had beaten Nadal the week before, but he had to retire.",
"He beat the other man to lose at the Queens semifinals the week before.",
"He was beaten in straight sets by the young Ukrainian talent.",
"The new Davis Cup captain Leon Smith selected Ward to take part in Great Britain's vital Davis Cup tie vs Turkey at Eastbourne in July alongside Jamie Baker, Ken Skupski, Colin Fleming, and Alex Ward.",
"Great Britain would have been demoted to Europe Zone Group III.",
"Great Britain won the Davis Cup for the first time in three years after Ward won both of his singles matches.",
"Ward was the first Englishman to play tennis in a Commonwealth Games.",
"He beat Jamie Murray in the second round to reach the quarterfinals.",
"At the beginning of the year, Ward lost at the first hurdle in six of his seven tournaments.",
"When Leon Smith, Britain's Davis Cup captain selected his team for the Euro/Africa Zone Group II tie against Tunisia in March, he sprang a surprise, omitting Alex Bogdanovic, who had been recalled to the squad after a three-year absence.",
"Smith's singles players were Ward.",
"Jamie Baker is at No. 214.",
"He had lost in his last two events.",
"The person with the No. is the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with",
"374) had lost all six of his live Davis Cup rubbers, he had at least won a Futures tournament in the United States that year.",
"In Great Britain's 4–1 victory, Ward played a key role, winning both live singles rubbers and the fourth rubber to seal the tie.",
"At the Queen's Club Championships, Ward reached the semifinals for the first time.",
"He defeated Stanislas Wawrinka in the second round.",
"The 13th seed, Sam Querrey, was defeated by Ward in three sets, coming from a set down to win.",
"Despite missing seven match points in the second-set tiebreaker, Ward defeated Adrian Mannarino in three sets.",
"He was defeated by Jo Wilfried Tsonga after holding a set point.",
"This was the first time since the Open era began in 1968 that two British players had reached this stage.",
"Ward lost in the first round at Wimbledon.",
"Ward played in the Davis Cup Luxembourg tie.",
"A ranking deficit of 106 places was not good for Ward.",
"He lost the first rubber.",
"Ward won the dead rubber against a full-time coach who played competitively when he could.",
"Ward's first tournament after a short break was the Lexington Challenger.",
"Ward lost to Wayne Odesnik in the final.",
"He was runner-up in the doubles tournament.",
"Ward won the second Challenger tournament of his career two weeks later.",
"Ward rose to the world's No. 1 after the win.",
"There are 142.",
"On August 15th ward rose to a career-high ranking.",
"140.",
"The Davis Cup promotion tie against Hungary was played in September.",
"Ward had a win in the first rubber.",
"There is a person named Attila Balazs.",
"The drama came from Ward's battle with cramping in his leg and the fact that he had to take a break mid- match to empty his stomach.",
"Ward sometimes looked like he was going to default against an opponent.",
"In the world.",
"With Andy Murray, Colin Fleming, and Ross Hutchins winning, Great Britain claimed a decisive 3–0 lead and was promoted into Europe/Africa Zone Group I.",
"In 2012 Ward qualified for his first Grand Slam, but lost in the first round of the Australian Open.",
"Ward played in the Davis Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I tie against Slovakia.",
"Great Britain won 3–2 even though he lost his singles rubbers.",
"Ward was unable to play in the Davis Cup tie because of a back injury.",
"On 30 April, Ward reached a career-high ranking.",
"There are 137.",
"Entering Wimbledon on a wild card, Ward won his first match at a Grand Slam, coming through a five-set match to defeat the World no.",
"There is a man named Pablo Andjar.",
"He won the last six games after being down in the final set.",
"Ward narrowly lost to Mardy Fish in the second round on Court No 1 and received a standing ovation.",
"Ward had sold his F.C.",
"After winning his first round Wimbledon match, he had some regrets because he had a season ticket to fund his tennis.",
"In July, Ward broke his wrist and was out for six months.",
"His ranking dropped.",
"140 to No.",
"280.",
"In December, the Lawn Tennis Association announced that Ward was the only player in Britain's top nine men to be funded for the following season.",
"Ward failed to qualify for the Australian Open in January of this year.",
"Ward lost to Matthew Barton in the final of the Charles Sturt Adelaide International, but stayed in Australia to compete in the event.",
"Ward was selected for the Great Britain's Davis Cup team.",
"Russia took a 2–0 lead into the doubles rubber after Ward lost an epic first rubber to Donskoy.",
"The doubles pair of Colin Fleming and Jonny Marray gave the home side some hope going into the final day of matches.",
"The much higher seed Russian Dmitry Tursunov was stunned by Ward.",
"Dan Evans defeated Donskoy with a straight-set victory.",
"Great Britain won a place in the World Group play-offs after coming from 2–0 down to win a Davis Cup tie for the first time in 83 years.",
"Ward was put on a drip to help him recover.",
"Ward was put on a drip the next day because he wasn't feeling well.",
"In China, Ward qualified for the An-Ning ATP $50,000 Challenger event and reached the final.",
"His route to the final included a win over Ouanna.",
"He lost to Mrton Fucsovics.",
"Despite having two match points in the second set, Ward lost to Ivan Dodig in the first round of the Queen's Club grass tournament.",
"In July, Ward won his third Challenger title.",
"In November, the Lawn Tennis Association announced a dramatic cut in elite player funding, with all financial support being withdrawn from Britain's doubles specialists and any singles players aged over 24, such as Ward, to reduce the number of supported players from 16 to just six in 2014.",
"Andy Murray asked Ward to stay at his training camp in Miami in December, but Ward made a last-minute decision to stay home.",
"In the second round of qualification, Ward lost to Copil in three sets.",
"The Australian Open was where Ward lost in the first round of qualification.",
"The Maui Challenger is a tournament for those who didn't make the Australian Open main draw.",
"In the first round, Ward lost to Denis Kudla.",
"In late January, Ward was called to the Great British Davis Cup squad for the World Group first round tie against the United States in San Diego and was chosen to play the second rubber.",
"The man is Sam Querrey.",
"Ward was two games from defeat in the fourth set before producing a remarkable comeback to beat Querrey in five sets and give Great Britain a 2–0 lead.",
"It was the greatest win of Ward's career.",
"Great Britain went on to win the tie 3–1, with Andy Murray securing two victories; Ward was scheduled to play the final rubber against Donald Young, but both teams decided not to play.",
"Ward was a sixth seed at the Open.",
"He was defeated in the first round of the tournament.",
"Ward made it to the third and final round of the Open 13.",
"He lost to Berankis in the tournament.",
"He entered as a Wild Card into the main draw of the tournament.",
"Ward advanced to the second round of 16 after defeating Teymuraz Gabashvili in three sets.",
"He earned nearly $25,000 in the progress after he lost to the sixth seed.",
"The Qualifying tournament was held at the Open.",
"Ward lost to Paul-Henri Mathieu in straight sets at Indian Wells.",
"Taking advantage of the withdrawal, Ward received a Wild Card into the Main Draw, thus earning a Bye in the First Round.",
"Ward earned around $16,000 despite losing in the Round of 64.",
"Ward lost to Gasto Elias in the first round.",
"To compete against Italy, Ward was once again called into the Davis Cup squad.",
"In the live rubbers, Ward lost to both Seppi and Fognini.",
"Italy won the tie due to Fognini's win.",
"Ward qualified for the French Open for the first time thanks to victories in the first and second rounds.",
"He defeated Blaz Rola in the final round.",
"The last British player to progress through the French Open was John Lloyd in 1973.",
"He lost in the main draw.",
"Ward and Kyle Edmund were at Andy Murray's training camp in Miami for two and a half weeks in December.",
"In January, Ward joined Andy Murray's training camp.",
"In an exhibition match, Ward beat John Isner 3–6, 7–6, 6–2 in an invitational tournament.",
"The sixth alternate on the main entry list at the Australian Open was Ward.",
"A number of withdrawals meant that Ward joined the main draw.",
"Tim Henman was the first British male singles player other than Andy Murray to earn a direct entry into a Grand Slam.",
"Ward lost to Fernando Verdasco in the first round.",
"In March, Ward was selected for the Davis Cup first round tie against the United States in Glasgow, and he pulled off the biggest win of his career.",
"In a match that took five hours to complete, Ward came from two sets down to beat John Isner.",
"The last time Great Britain won back-to-back Davis Cup matches was 80 years ago.",
"Ward made it into the third round of Wimbledon for the first time, but he was knocked out by Vasek Pospisil.",
"There were two British men in the third round for the first time in a decade.",
"He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217",
"He played in the Davis Cup quarter final against France.",
"Great Britain qualified for the Davis Cup semi-finals despite Ward losing to the world No 11.",
"The Davis Cup team was announced for the semi-final against Australia in Glasgow, despite Ward's nine successive defeats.",
"Dan Evans was given the second singles position along with Andy Murray by Leon Smith, the Davis Cup captain.",
"Great Britain reached the Davis Cup Final for the first time in 38 years despite Dan Evans losing his rubber.",
"In October, Ward won his fourth Challenger title in Bangalore, defeating top seed Adrian Menendez-Maceiras 6–2, 7–5 to win his first title on the Challenger Tour since July 2013).",
"After a disastrous loss of form during the summer, Ward had been under threat of dropping outside the world's top 200 by the end of the year, but his success ensured a ranking of 143.",
"It was an eight match winning streak for Ward as he reached the semi finals of the Pune Challenger.",
"Ward was the Aegon Player of the month for October.",
"Leon Smith supervised Ward and Kyle Edmund as they traveled to South America to help him decide on his second singles player for the Davis Cup Final.",
"In November, the 20-year-old Edmund won the Copa Fila Challenge title in Argentina on clay beating Brazil's Carlos Berlocq, ranked No 112 in the world and an expert on the red stuff.",
"Ward won the Bangalore Challenger but lost in the second round of the event.",
"On the same day as Edmund's victory, Dan Evans, ranked 271, won the Knoxville Challenger on a hard court, but with Belgium opting to stage the tie on an indoor clay court, Smith chose to go with the British number two Edmund, now ranked 100, as his second singles",
"Jamie Murray, Kyle Edmund, Andy Murray and Ward were chosen to play in the Davis Cup Final.",
"Edmund made his Davis Cup debut in the 2015 final, playing the first singles match against Belgian Number 1 David Goffin, but lost 6–3, 6–1, 2–6, 1–6, 0–6.",
"Smith indicated that he could stick with Edmund even if the final was locked at 2–2 on Sunday.",
"The Davis Cup was won by Great Britain for the first time in 76 years.",
"After returning home, Ward revealed that his coach, AustralianDarren Tandy, was seriously ill with cancer and that had brought an end to their working relationship.",
"Tandy was diagnosed with colon cancer and had a stroke while they were together at the US Open.",
"It does not help that I am not using it as an excuse for what happened after Wimbledon.",
"It has been an upsetting and worrying situation and the most important thing is his health.",
"Ward booked his first practice session with his new coach on December 4th, and he is one of his best friends.",
"The Davis Cup team won the Team of the Year Award at the Sports Personality of the Year Show.",
"Ward failed to qualify for the Australian Open, French Open and US Open and was beaten in the first or second round of two Challenger tournaments.",
"Ward was dealing with tendonitis in his knee and the death of his coach.",
"On Centre Court, Ward's first round match was against world no 1 Novak Djokovic.",
"After losing 0-6, 0-3, Ward came back to take the second set to a tie-break, but was eventually beaten 0-6, 6-7, 4-6.",
"Six hours before his flight to the USA, Ward was called up for the Davis Cup quarter final against Serbia in Belgrade to cover the absence of Andy Murray and Dan Evans who had a shoulder problem.",
"Ward had to play the second singles on Saturday because of the rain.",
"Dusan Lajovic, world no 81 and the Serbian number one, beat Ward in straight sets to make it 2-2.",
"Great Britain won the Davis Cup with Jamie Murray and Dominic Inglot winning the doubles and Kyle Edmund defeating Dusan Lajovic.",
"Ward's last match of the year was in September.",
"His ranking went from 156 in January to 444 by the end of the year.",
"After an eight-month absence due to a knee problem, Ward returned in June for the British grass court season, but lost five first round matches, including Wimbledon, where he received a wild card.",
"Retirement Ward announced his retirement from tennis.",
"Performance timelines through the Wimbledon Championships.",
"National participation Davis Cup: 21 (10 wins, 11 losses) indicates the result of the Davis Cup match.",
"After a rare trade during the team's playoff push, Ward was traded from the San Diego Aviators to the Orange County Breakers.",
"He will join the Storm during the 2020 season.",
"LTA Profile 1987 births Living people English male tennis players Sports people from Basingstoke"
] | <mask> (born 9 February 1987) is a British former professional tennis player. He is a Davis Cup champion and former British No. 2. He reached the quarterfinals of the 2010 Aegon International and the semifinals of the 2011 Aegon Championships as a wildcard entry. His best Grand Slam performance to date was reaching the third round of Wimbledon in 2015. In February 2009, <mask> played what was then, the longest tennis match in history, lasting 6 hrs 40 mins, eventually losing to Chris Eaton. This was a play-off match to decide the Davis Cup team, but it was not sanctioned by the ATP so was not an official record, and it was broken later.<mask> was part of the Great Britain team that won the Davis Cup in 2015, the nation's first success in the tournament for 79 years. He played in wins against the United States and France in the first round and quarterfinals, which included a crucial singles victory over US' John Isner to give Britain a 2–0 lead. <mask> was also named in the team for the Davis Cup final, and the Davis Cup team won the 2015 BBC Sports Personality Team of the Year Award. Early and personal life
<mask> is the son of <mask>, a London black cab taxi driver who couldn't drive. <mask> started playing tennis at around 10 because his father played some social tennis every weekend at Temple Fortune Club in Hendon. <mask> also played football, but chose tennis. The club didn't have a junior programme and because coaches costs money, <mask> only played once a week.<mask> would often be found at the Islington Tennis Centre in Market Road. During his early teenage years <mask> was coached by Daren Quilty, Head Pro at Oakleigh Park Tennis Club in Whetstone, culminating in him reaching the semifinals of the Under-15s national championships. After finishing his GCSEs at the age of 16, his entire family relocated to Spain so that <mask> could attend the Equelite Juan Carlos Ferrero Academy near Valencia for four years, where he practised with former French Open champion Juan Carlos Ferrero. In 2007, <mask>'s father fell ill, causing a downturn in their finances, but the Academy allowed <mask> to stay. <mask> enjoys playing on clay more than any other surface and currently trains in London. <mask> is famous for wearing colourful tennis shirts, after forming a bond with London designer Ted Baker, otherwise known as Ray Kelvin. <mask> is a fan of Arsenal F.C.At one time, <mask> was so strapped for cash he had to sell his Gunners season ticket to help pay for his tennis career. Career
He made his first tour appearance in Valencia in 2007 as a wild card but lost in the first round. <mask> qualified for only his second ATP tour event, the 2008 Stella Artois Championships at the Queen's Club in London. In the first round on 9 June he met former US Open and Australian Open champion, Russian player Marat Safin. <mask> took the first set after breaking Safin in the third game of the match and managed to hold his serve for the rest of the set to take it 6–4. However Safin upped his game in the second set, gained an early break and won the set comfortably 6–1. <mask> was also broken early in the deciding set losing 6–4, 1–6, 4–6.2009
In February, Davis Cup captain John Lloyd selected six Britons for a play-off contest, to find two singles players for the Ukraine tie. In these, <mask> competed in a then longest match in tennis history, lasting 6 hours and 40 minutes, against Chris Eaton on 25 February. Eaton won the match 6–3, 6–2, 6–7, 2–6, 21–19, but it was not sanctioned by the ATP so was not an official record. It was exceeded later by the Isner-Mahut match at the 2010 Wimbledon Championships. This was the second time that <mask> had played a five set match – the first occasion had been the previous Monday also at the play-offs. In May, he became the first British player to win a challenger title on clay since Tim Henman in 1995. He beat Carsten Ball in the final of the Sarasota Open in Florida, USA.This win propelled him into the top 250 of the ATP's rankings, establishing himself as British No. 2. In September, <mask> was struck with glandular fever, and dropped to British No. 3. 2010
In March, <mask> made his Davis Cup debut in the Europe/Africa Zone Group II tie vs Lithuania, in Vilnius, with Dan Evans, Ken Skupski, and Colin Fleming. The Lithuanian side entered the tie as underdogs; fielding a team of teenagers. <mask> beat Lithuanian No.2 Laurynas Grigelis and became the first Briton other than Tim Henman, Greg Rusedski, or Andy Murray to win a live rubber since Andrew Richardson beat Zimbabwe's Byron Black in 1997. Evans lost the second singles match, Fleming and Skupski won their doubles, but <mask> and Evans were both beaten on the final day. This was described as a humiliating Davis Cup defeat for Great Britain and led to the resignation of Davis Cup captain John Lloyd. Britain was then threatened with relegation to the third tier of the competition. Tommy Peric became <mask>'s coach. In June 2010, <mask> reached his first ATP World Tour quarterfinal at the Aegon International, Eastbourne, UK. <mask> beat second seed Feliciano López (who had beaten Rafael Nadal the week before) when López had to retire.He followed it up with a victory over the other man to lose at the semifinals of Queens the week before, Rainer Schüttler. He was eventually beaten by the young Ukrainian talent Alexandr Dolgopolov in straight sets. The new Davis Cup captain Leon Smith selected <mask> to take part in Great Britain's vital Davis Cup tie vs Turkey at Eastbourne in July alongside Jamie Baker, Ken Skupski, Colin Fleming, and <mask> (non-player). Defeat would have meant Great Britain's relegation to Europe Zone Group III. <mask> contributed to the victory by winning both his singles matches, Britain eventually winning 5–0, and giving Great Britain a first Davis Cup win in three years. At the Delhi Commonwealth Games in October, <mask> became the first Englishman to play tennis in a Commonwealth Games. Seeded fourth in the singles, he beat Jamie Murray in the second round to reach the quarterfinals.2011
<mask> lost at the first hurdle in six of his seven tournaments at the beginning of this year. So when Leon Smith, Britain's Davis Cup captain selected his team for the Euro/Africa Zone Group II tie against Tunisia in March, he sprang a surprise, omitting Alex Bogdanovic, having recalled the 26-year-old to the squad after a three-year absence. Instead, Smith's singles players were <mask> (No. 214) and Jamie Baker (No. 406), who had lost first time out in his last two events. Although Bogdanovic (No. 374) had lost all six of his live Davis Cup rubbers, he had at least won a Futures tournament in the United States that year.<mask> played a key role in Great Britain's 4–1 victory, winning both his live singles rubbers, and ultimately clinching the tie by beating Malek Jaziri 3–6, 6–3, 3–6, 6–3, 8–6 in the fourth rubber. At the Queen's Club Championships, <mask> reached the semifinals of an ATP tour event for the first time. He defeated fourth seed and future Grand Slam champion Stanislas Wawrinka in straight sets in the second round. <mask> followed this up by defeating defending champion and 13th seed Sam Querrey, coming from a set down to win in three sets to equal his run at Eastbourne in 2010. <mask> then defeated Adrian Mannarino in three sets, despite missing seven match points in the second-set tiebreaker. He was eventually defeated by Jo Wilfried Tsonga, having held a set point in the second-set tiebreaker. This was the first time two British players had reached this stage since the Open era began in 1968, the other man being Andy Murray.At Wimbledon <mask> entered as a wildcard, but lost in the first round to Michaël Llodra. In July, <mask> took part in the Davis Cup Luxembourg tie. <mask> could not make good a ranking deficit of 106 places against world No. 81 Gilles Muller, and he lost the first rubber. Great Britain won 4–1, with <mask> winning the dead rubber against unranked Laurent Bram, a full-time coach who played competitively when he could. Following a short break, <mask>'s first tournament back was the Lexington Challenger. As top seed, <mask> reached the final, losing to Wayne Odesnik.He was also runner-up in the doubles tournament. Two weeks later, <mask> won the second Challenger tournament of his career at the 2011 Odlum Brown Vancouver Open, defeating Robby Ginepri. The win saw <mask> rise to world No. 144. On 15 August ward rose to a career-high ranking of No. 140. In September, <mask> was selected for the Davis Cup promotion tie against Hungary.In the first rubber, <mask> had a sometimes dramatic win over the visitors' No. 1 Attila Balazs. The drama came not so much from any searing quality of tennis, but from <mask>'s constant battle with cramping in his leg and queasiness that meant he had to nip backstage mid-match to empty the contents of his stomach. <mask> had occasionally looked likely to default against an opponent ranked No. 262 in the world. With Andy Murray, Colin Fleming, and Ross Hutchins winning, Great Britain claimed a decisive 3–0 lead, and was promoted into Europe/Africa Zone Group I. 2012
<mask> qualified for his first Grand Slam other than Wimbledon, but lost in the first round of the Australian Open to Slovenian Blaž Kavčič.In February, <mask> participated in the Davis Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I tie against Slovakia. Though he lost his singles rubbers, Great Britain won 3–2. <mask> suffered from a back injury and was unable to play in the Davis Cup tie against Belgium. On 30 April, <mask> reached a career-high ranking in singles of No. 137. Entering Wimbledon on a wild card, <mask> won his first match at a Grand Slam, coming through a grueling five-set match to defeat the World no. 36 Pablo Andújar.He won the final six games after trailing in the final set 0–3. In the second round on Court No 1, <mask> narrowly lost to World no 12 Mardy Fish in another tough five-setter, and received a standing ovation. <mask> had recently sold his £1300 Arsenal F.C. season ticket to fund his tennis, so he had some regrets after earning £23,125 for winning his first round Wimbledon match. In July, <mask> fell over in Newport practising, breaking his wrist, and putting him out for six months. His ranking fell from No. 140 to No.280. In December, the Lawn Tennis Association announced that <mask> was the only player in Britain’s top nine men to be funded for the following season. 2013
In January 2013, <mask> failed to qualify for the Australian Open, reaching the third round of qualifying before losing to Julian Reister. <mask> remained in Australia to compete in the Charles Sturt Adelaide International, where he reached the final, defeating top seed Yūichi Sugita along the way, before losing to home favourite Matthew Barton. <mask> was then selected for Great Britain's Davis Cup team for their Europe/Africa Zone Group I match against Russia in Coventry. <mask> lost an epic first rubber to Evgeny Donskoy to give Russia a 2–0 lead heading into the doubles rubber the following day. The doubles pairing of Jonny Marray and Colin Fleming gave the home side some hope going into the final day of matches, where <mask> opened the day.<mask> stunned the much higher seeded Russian Dmitry Tursunov to level the tie. Dan Evans would eventually complete a remarkable turnaround, with a straight-set victory over Donskoy. The last time Great Britain had come from 2–0 down to win a Davis Cup tie was 83 years ago against Germany, Consequently, Great Britain won a place in the 16-team World Group play-offs in September. <mask> had to be placed on a drip to help him recover from his efforts. The following Monday afternoon, <mask> was not feeling well so he was again put on a drip. <mask> kicked off his clay season in China, where he qualified for the An-Ning ATP $50,000 Challenger event and reached the final. His route to the final included a victory over fourth seed Josselin Ouanna.He lost to Hungarian Márton Fucsovics in the final. <mask>'s first grass tournament was the annual event at Queen's Club, where he lost in the first round to Ivan Dodig, despite having two match points on serve in the second set. In July, <mask> won his third Challenger title at Lexington, USA. In November, the Lawn Tennis Association announced a dramatic cut in elite player funding, with all financial support being withdrawn from Britain’s doubles specialists and any singles players aged over 24, such as <mask>, to reduce the number of supported players from 16 to just six in 2014. Andy Murray asked <mask> to stay at his training camp in Miami for December, but <mask> made a last-minute decision to stay home. 2014
<mask> started 2014 in Brisbane, competing in the Brisbane International, losing in the second round of qualifying to Marius Copil in three sets. <mask> then went on to the Australian Open, where he disappointingly lost in the first round of qualifying to Andrea Arnaboldi.Soon after, <mask> competed in the Maui Challenger, a common tournament for those who failed to make the Australian Open main draw. However, <mask> once again lost disappointingly in the first round against Denis Kudla. In late January, <mask> was called to the Great British Davis Cup squad for the World Group first round tie against the United States in San Diego and was chosen to play the second rubber against world No. 49 Sam Querrey. <mask> was two games from defeat in the fourth set before producing a remarkable comeback to beat Querrey in five sets and increase Great Britain's lead to 2–0. <mask> agreed that it was the greatest win of his career. Great Britain would later go on to win the tie 3–1, with Andy Murray securing two victories; <mask> was scheduled to play the final rubber against Donald Young but both teams decided not to play.<mask> entered the Open BNP Paribas Banque de Bretagne as a sixth seed. However, he lost in the first round of 32 against Maxime Authom. Moving on to the Open 13, <mask> entered qualifying and fought his way to the third and final round. However, he lost to Ricardas Berankis, ending his progress in the tournament. He had more success in the Dubai Tennis Championships, entering as a Wild Card into the main draw. In the first round of 32, <mask> beat Teymuraz Gabashvili in three sets in order to advance to the second round of 16. There, he lost to sixth seed, Mikhail Youzhny, earning nearly $25,000 in the progress.<mask> also entered the Qualifying tournament at the BNP Paribas Open. At Indian Wells, <mask> progressed to the second Qualifying Round, but lost to Paul-Henri Mathieu in straight sets. However, taking advantage of the withdrawal, <mask> received a Wild Card into the Main Draw in place of the sixth seed Juan Martín del Potro, thus earning a Bye in the First Round of 128. Despite losing in the Round of 64 to Feliciano Lopez, <mask> once again earned around $16,000. Entering the Visit Panamá Cup main draw directly, <mask> lost to Gastão Elias in the first round. Moving on, <mask> was once again called into the Davis Cup squad, to compete against Italy. <mask> competed in two live rubbers in the tie, losing hard-fought battles against both Fabio Fognini and Andreas Seppi.Due to Fognini's win over Andy Murray, Italy won the tie 3–2. <mask> qualified for the French Open for the first time thanks to victories over Moldovan Radu Albot in the first round of qualifying, and over American Ryan Harrison in the second. He followed this up with a tense victory over Slovenian Blaz Rola in the final round. By doing so, <mask> became the first British player to progress through qualifying for the French Open since John Lloyd in 1973. He eventually lost in the main draw first round to Radu Albot. In December, <mask> and Kyle Edmund trained with Andy Murray at his training camp in Miami for two and a half weeks. 2015: Davis Cup Champion
In January, <mask> joined Andy Murray's training camp in Dubai.<mask> played at the invitational Kooyong Classic in Melbourne, beating American No 1 John Isner 3–6, 7–6, 6–2 in an exhibition match. At the Australian Open, <mask> was named as the sixth alternate on the main entry list. but a number of withdrawals meant that <mask> joined the main draw and did not need to qualify. <mask> became the first British male singles player other than Andy Murray to earn direct entry into a Grand Slam since Tim Henman at the 2007 US Open. <mask> played 31st seed Fernando Verdasco in the first round, losing 2–6 6–0 7–6 (8–6) 6–3. In March, <mask> was selected for the Davis Cup first round tie against the United States in Glasgow, pulling off the biggest win of his career. <mask>, ranked 111 in the world, came from two sets down to beat 20th-ranked John Isner 6–7 (5–7) 5–7 6–3 7–6 (7–3) 15–13 in a match which surpassed the five-hour mark, to set Great Britain on their way to victory.The last time Great Britain won back-to-back Davis Cup matches against the USA, was 80 years ago. <mask> made it into the third round of Wimbledon for the first time, where he was knocked out by Vasek Pospisil 4–6 6–3 6–2 3–6 6–8. Along with Andy Murray, there were two British men in the third round for the first time since 2002. After Wimbledon, he was ranked in the top 100 players for the first time, reaching a career-high ranking of 89. He was also part of the team for the Davis Cup quarter final against France. <mask> lost to Gilles Simon, the world No 11, but Great Britain won 3–1 to qualify for the Davis Cup semi-final. Since Wimbledon, <mask> suffered nine successive defeats, but was announced for the Davis Cup team in the semi-final against Australia in Glasgow.The Davis Cup captain, Leon Smith, eventually made the surprise decision to give the 300 ranked Dan Evans the second singles position along with Andy Murray. Though Dan Evans lost his rubber, Great Britain won 3–2 and reached the Davis Cup Final for the first time since 1978. In October, <mask> won his fourth Challenger title in Bangalore, defeating top seed Adrian Menendez-Maceiras 6–2, 7–5 to clinch his first title on the Challenger Tour since July 2013. After a disastrous loss of form during the summer, <mask> had been under threat of dropping outside the world's top 200 by the end of the year, but his success ensured a ranking of 143. <mask> then made it an eight match winning streak by reaching the semi finals of the Pune Challenger. This success led to <mask> being made the Aegon Player of the Month for October. Davis Cup Captain Leon Smith supervised <mask> and Kyle Edmund, accompanying them to South America to help him decide on his second singles player for the Davis Cup Final.In November, the 20-year-old Edmund won the Copa Fila Challenge title in Argentina on clay beating Brazil’s Carlos Berlocq, ranked No 112 in the world and an expert on the red stuff. <mask> lost in the second round of the same event, though <mask>, ranked 156, had won the hard court Bangalore Challenger. On the same day as Edmund's victory, Dan Evans, ranked 271, won the Knoxville Challenger on a hard court, but with Belgium opting to stage the tie on an indoor clay court, Smith chose to go with the British number two Edmund, now ranked 100, as his second singles player. <mask>, Kyle Edmund, Jamie Murray and Andy Murray were chosen for the 2015 Davis Cup Final versus Belgium in Ghent. Edmund made his Davis Cup debut in the 2015 final playing the first singles match against Belgian Number 1 David Goffin, ranked No 16, but lost 6–3, 6–1, 2–6, 1–6, 0–6. There were suggestions that Smith would replace Edmund with the more experienced <mask> if the final was locked at 2–2 on Sunday, yet Smith indicated that he could stick with Edmund. Great Britain went on to lead 3–1, and win the Davis Cup for the first time since 1936.After returning home, <mask> revealed that his coach, Australian Darren Tandy, was seriously ill with cancer and that had brought an end to their working relationship. Tandy received an initial diagnosis of colon cancer during the post-Wimbledon tournaments in America, and suffered a stroke while they were together at the US Open together. <mask> said 'I am not using it as an excuse for what happened after Wimbledon but obviously it did not help. The most important thing is Darren’s health and it has been an upsetting and worrying situation.' On 4 December, <mask> booked his first practice session with his new coach Morgan Phillips, a former British player from Croydon, and one of his best friends. <mask> joined the rest of the Davis Cup team at the BBC Sports Personality of the Year Show, where they won the 2015 Team of the Year Award. 2016
<mask>'s best results this year were quarter final appearances at the Tallahassee Challenger and the Manchester Challenger
<mask> failed to qualify for the Australian Open, French Open and US Open, and was beaten in the first or second round of two ATP and nine Challenger tournaments, plus five ATP Qualifiers.<mask> had to cope with recurring tendonitis in his right knee, and the death of his coach. Entering Wimbledon on a wildcard, <mask>'s first round match was against world no 1 Novak Djokovic on Centre Court. Initially losing 0-6, 0-3, whilst not winning a single point in the first set, <mask> came back to take the second set to a tie-break, but was eventually beaten 0-6, 6-7, 4-6. After Wimbledon, <mask> was due to play an ATP qualifier, but six hours before his flight to the USA, he was called up for the Davis Cup quarter final against Serbia in Belgrade, to cover the absence of Andy Murray, and Dan Evans who had a shoulder problem and some problems at home. Persistent rain during Kyle Edmund's successful match meant that <mask> had to play the second singles on Saturday. Dusan Lajovic, world no 81 and the Serbian number one in the absence of Novak Djokovic and Viktor Troicki beat <mask> heavily in a straight sets victory to make it 1-1. With Jamie Murray and Dominic Inglot winning the doubles and Kyle Edmund victorious over Dusan Lajovic, Great Britain won 3-1 to progress to the Davis Cup semi final.<mask>'s last match of the year was in September at the St Petersburg Open first round qualifier. His ranking fell from 156 in January to 444 by the end of the year. 2017
After an eight-month absence due to a knee problem, <mask> returned in June for the British grass court season, but lost five first round matches, including Wimbledon where he had received a wild card. Retirement
<mask> announced his retirement from professional tennis on 17 December 2021. Performance timelines
Singles
Current through the 2021 Wimbledon Championships. Doubles
ATP Challengers and ITF Futures finals
Singles: 19 (9 titles, 10 runner-ups)
Doubles: 6 (3 titles, 3 runner-ups)
National participation
Davis Cup: 21 (10 wins, 11 losses)
indicates the result of the Davis Cup match followed by the score, date, place of event, the zonal classification and its phase, and the court surface. World TeamTennis
<mask> played his first season with World TeamTennis in 2019 debuting with the San Diego Aviators but finishing up with the Orange County Breakers after a rare trade during the team's playoff push.He is set to join the Orlando Storm during the 2020 season scheduled to begin July 12. References
External links
LTA Profile
1987 births
Living people
English male tennis players
Sportspeople from Basingstoke
Tennis players at the 2010 Commonwealth Games
British male tennis players
Tennis people from Greater London
Commonwealth Games competitors for England | [
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] | <mask> is a former professional tennis player. He is a former British No. 1 and a Davis Cup champion. 2. He reached the quarterfinals of the Aegon International in 2010 and the semifinals of the Aegon Championships in 2011. He reached the third round of Wimbledon in 2015. In February 2009, <mask> played what was then, the longest tennis match in history, lasting 6 hours and 40 minutes, eventually losing to Chris Eaton. This was a play-off match to decide the Davis Cup team, but it was not an official record, and it was broken later.The Great Britain team that won the Davis Cup in 2015 was led by <mask>. The singles victory over John Isner gave Britain a 2–0 lead over the US in the first round of the playoffs. The Davis Cup team won the Team of the Year Award from the British Broadcasting Corporation. <mask> was a London black cab taxi driver who couldn't drive. <mask> started playing tennis when he was 10 because his father used to play at Temple Fortune Club. <mask> played both football and tennis. <mask> only played once a week because the club didn't have a junior programme.The tennis centre is located in Market Road. <mask> reached the semifinals of the Under-15s national championships after being coached by Daren Quilty, Head Pro at the Oakleigh Park Tennis Club in Whetstone. After finishing his exams at the age of 16, <mask>'s family relocated to Spain so that he could attend the Juan Carlos Ferrero Academy, where he practiced with a former French Open champion. The Academy allowed <mask> to stay in 2007, even though his father fell ill and caused a downturn in their finances. <mask> is 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 After forming a bond with Ted Baker, Ward became famous for wearing colorful tennis shirts. Ward is a fan of football.<mask> had to sell his season ticket to help pay for his tennis career because he was so strapped for cash. He made his first tour appearance in Valencia in 2007, but lost in the first round. The 2008 Stella Artois Championships at the Queen's Club in London was the second tour event for <mask>. He met a former US Open and Australian Open champion in the first round. <mask> took the first set after breaking Safin in the third game of the match and holding his serve for the rest of the set to take it 6–4. In the second set, Safin gained an early break and went on to win 6–1. <mask> was broken early in the deciding set.John Lloyd selected six Britons for a play-off contest to find two singles players for the Davis Cup tie. In these, <mask> competed in a tennis match that lasted 6 hours and 40 minutes. The match was not an official record because it was not sanctioned by the ATP. At the 2010 Wimbledon Championships, it was exceeded by the Isner-Mahut match. The first time that <mask> had played a five set match was the previous Monday at the play-offs. He was the first British player to win a clay title since Tim Henman in 1995. The final of the Sarasota Open was won by him.He was catapulted into the top 250 of the rankings after this win. 2. <mask> was struck with glandular fever and dropped to British No. 3. In March 2010, <mask> made his Davis Cup debut in the Europe/Africa Zone Group II tie with Dan Evans, Ken Skupski, and Colin Fleming. The team of teenagers from theLithuanian side entered the tie as outsiders. The <mask> beat theLithuanian No.Since 1997, only Tim Henman, Greg Rusedski, or Andy Murray have won live rubbers for Britain. Evans lost the second singles match, Fleming and Skupski won their doubles, but <mask> and Evans were both beaten on the final day. John Lloyd, the captain of the Davis Cup, resigned after the humiliation of the loss to Great Britain. Britain was threatened with being demoted to the third tier of the competition. <mask>'s coach was Tommy Peric. The Aegon International was where <mask> reached his first World Tour quarterfinals. Lpez had beaten Nadal the week before, but he had to retire.He beat the other man to lose at the Queens semifinals the week before. He was beaten in straight sets by the young Ukrainian talent. The new Davis Cup captain Leon Smith selected <mask> to take part in Great Britain's vital Davis Cup tie vs Turkey at Eastbourne in July alongside Jamie Baker, Ken Skupski, Colin Fleming, and <mask>. Great Britain would have been demoted to Europe Zone Group III. Great Britain won the Davis Cup for the first time in three years after <mask> won both of his singles matches. <mask> was the first Englishman to play tennis in a Commonwealth Games. He beat Jamie Murray in the second round to reach the quarterfinals.At the beginning of the year, <mask> lost at the first hurdle in six of his seven tournaments. When Leon Smith, Britain's Davis Cup captain selected his team for the Euro/Africa Zone Group II tie against Tunisia in March, he sprang a surprise, omitting Alex Bogdanovic, who had been recalled to the squad after a three-year absence. Smith's singles players were <mask>. Jamie Baker is at No. 214. He had lost in his last two events. The person with the No. is the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with 374) had lost all six of his live Davis Cup rubbers, he had at least won a Futures tournament in the United States that year.In Great Britain's 4–1 victory, <mask> played a key role, winning both live singles rubbers and the fourth rubber to seal the tie. At the Queen's Club Championships, <mask> reached the semifinals for the first time. He defeated Stanislas Wawrinka in the second round. The 13th seed, Sam Querrey, was defeated by <mask> in three sets, coming from a set down to win. Despite missing seven match points in the second-set tiebreaker, <mask> defeated Adrian Mannarino in three sets. He was defeated by Jo Wilfried Tsonga after holding a set point. This was the first time since the Open era began in 1968 that two British players had reached this stage.<mask> lost in the first round at Wimbledon. <mask> played in the Davis Cup Luxembourg tie. A ranking deficit of 106 places was not good for <mask>. He lost the first rubber. <mask> won the dead rubber against a full-time coach who played competitively when he could. <mask>'s first tournament after a short break was the Lexington Challenger. <mask> lost to Wayne Odesnik in the final.He was runner-up in the doubles tournament. <mask> won the second Challenger tournament of his career two weeks later. <mask> rose to the world's No. 1 after the win. There are 142. On August 15th ward rose to a career-high ranking. 140. The Davis Cup promotion tie against Hungary was played in September.<mask> had a win in the first rubber. There is a person named Attila Balazs. The drama came from <mask>'s battle with cramping in his leg and the fact that he had to take a break mid- match to empty his stomach. <mask> sometimes looked like he was going to default against an opponent. In the world. With Andy Murray, Colin Fleming, and Ross Hutchins winning, Great Britain claimed a decisive 3–0 lead and was promoted into Europe/Africa Zone Group I. In 2012 <mask> qualified for his first Grand Slam, but lost in the first round of the Australian Open.<mask> played in the Davis Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I tie against Slovakia. Great Britain won 3–2 even though he lost his singles rubbers. <mask> was unable to play in the Davis Cup tie because of a back injury. On 30 April, <mask> reached a career-high ranking. There are 137. Entering Wimbledon on a wild card, <mask> won his first match at a Grand Slam, coming through a five-set match to defeat the World no. There is a man named Pablo Andjar.He won the last six games after being down in the final set. <mask> narrowly lost to Mardy Fish in the second round on Court No 1 and received a standing ovation. <mask> had sold his F.C. After winning his first round Wimbledon match, he had some regrets because he had a season ticket to fund his tennis. In July, <mask> broke his wrist and was out for six months. His ranking dropped. 140 to No.280. In December, the Lawn Tennis Association announced that <mask> was the only player in Britain's top nine men to be funded for the following season. <mask> failed to qualify for the Australian Open in January of this year. <mask> lost to Matthew Barton in the final of the Charles Sturt Adelaide International, but stayed in Australia to compete in the event. <mask> was selected for the Great Britain's Davis Cup team. Russia took a 2–0 lead into the doubles rubber after <mask> lost an epic first rubber to Donskoy. The doubles pair of Colin Fleming and Jonny Marray gave the home side some hope going into the final day of matches.The much higher seed Russian Dmitry Tursunov was stunned by <mask>. Dan Evans defeated Donskoy with a straight-set victory. Great Britain won a place in the World Group play-offs after coming from 2–0 down to win a Davis Cup tie for the first time in 83 years. <mask> was put on a drip to help him recover. <mask> was put on a drip the next day because he wasn't feeling well. In China, <mask> qualified for the An-Ning ATP $50,000 Challenger event and reached the final. His route to the final included a win over Ouanna.He lost to Mrton Fucsovics. Despite having two match points in the second set, <mask> lost to Ivan Dodig in the first round of the Queen's Club grass tournament. In July, <mask> won his third Challenger title. In November, the Lawn Tennis Association announced a dramatic cut in elite player funding, with all financial support being withdrawn from Britain's doubles specialists and any singles players aged over 24, such as <mask>, to reduce the number of supported players from 16 to just six in 2014. Andy Murray asked <mask> to stay at his training camp in Miami in December, but <mask> made a last-minute decision to stay home. In the second round of qualification, <mask> lost to Copil in three sets. The Australian Open was where <mask> lost in the first round of qualification.The Maui Challenger is a tournament for those who didn't make the Australian Open main draw. In the first round, <mask> lost to Denis Kudla. In late January, <mask> was called to the Great British Davis Cup squad for the World Group first round tie against the United States in San Diego and was chosen to play the second rubber. The man is Sam Querrey. <mask> was two games from defeat in the fourth set before producing a remarkable comeback to beat Querrey in five sets and give Great Britain a 2–0 lead. It was the greatest win of <mask>'s career. Great Britain went on to win the tie 3–1, with Andy Murray securing two victories; <mask> was scheduled to play the final rubber against Donald Young, but both teams decided not to play.<mask> was a sixth seed at the Open. He was defeated in the first round of the tournament. <mask> made it to the third and final round of the Open 13. He lost to Berankis in the tournament. He entered as a Wild Card into the main draw of the tournament. <mask> advanced to the second round of 16 after defeating Teymuraz Gabashvili in three sets. He earned nearly $25,000 in the progress after he lost to the sixth seed.The Qualifying tournament was held at the Open. <mask> lost to Paul-Henri Mathieu in straight sets at Indian Wells. Taking advantage of the withdrawal, <mask> received a Wild Card into the Main Draw, thus earning a Bye in the First Round. <mask> earned around $16,000 despite losing in the Round of 64. <mask> lost to Gasto Elias in the first round. To compete against Italy, <mask> was once again called into the Davis Cup squad. In the live rubbers, <mask> lost to both Seppi and Fognini.Italy won the tie due to Fognini's win. <mask> qualified for the French Open for the first time thanks to victories in the first and second rounds. He defeated Blaz Rola in the final round. The last British player to progress through the French Open was John Lloyd in 1973. He lost in the main draw. <mask> and Kyle Edmund were at Andy Murray's training camp in Miami for two and a half weeks in December. In January, <mask> joined Andy Murray's training camp.In an exhibition match, <mask> beat John Isner 3–6, 7–6, 6–2 in an invitational tournament. The sixth alternate on the main entry list at the Australian Open was <mask>. A number of withdrawals meant that <mask> joined the main draw. Tim Henman was the first British male singles player other than Andy Murray to earn a direct entry into a Grand Slam. <mask> lost to Fernando Verdasco in the first round. In March, <mask> was selected for the Davis Cup first round tie against the United States in Glasgow, and he pulled off the biggest win of his career. In a match that took five hours to complete, <mask> came from two sets down to beat John Isner.The last time Great Britain won back-to-back Davis Cup matches was 80 years ago. <mask> made it into the third round of Wimbledon for the first time, but he was knocked out by Vasek Pospisil. There were two British men in the third round for the first time in a decade. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He played in the Davis Cup quarter final against France. Great Britain qualified for the Davis Cup semi-finals despite <mask> losing to the world No 11. The Davis Cup team was announced for the semi-final against Australia in Glasgow, despite <mask>'s nine successive defeats.Dan Evans was given the second singles position along with Andy Murray by Leon Smith, the Davis Cup captain. Great Britain reached the Davis Cup Final for the first time in 38 years despite Dan Evans losing his rubber. In October, <mask> won his fourth Challenger title in Bangalore, defeating top seed Adrian Menendez-Maceiras 6–2, 7–5 to win his first title on the Challenger Tour since July 2013). After a disastrous loss of form during the summer, <mask> had been under threat of dropping outside the world's top 200 by the end of the year, but his success ensured a ranking of 143. It was an eight match winning streak for <mask> as he reached the semi finals of the Pune Challenger. <mask> was the Aegon Player of the month for October. Leon Smith supervised <mask> and Kyle Edmund as they traveled to South America to help him decide on his second singles player for the Davis Cup Final.In November, the 20-year-old Edmund won the Copa Fila Challenge title in Argentina on clay beating Brazil's Carlos Berlocq, ranked No 112 in the world and an expert on the red stuff. <mask> won the Bangalore Challenger but lost in the second round of the event. On the same day as Edmund's victory, Dan Evans, ranked 271, won the Knoxville Challenger on a hard court, but with Belgium opting to stage the tie on an indoor clay court, Smith chose to go with the British number two Edmund, now ranked 100, as his second singles Jamie Murray, Kyle Edmund, Andy Murray and <mask> were chosen to play in the Davis Cup Final. Edmund made his Davis Cup debut in the 2015 final, playing the first singles match against Belgian Number 1 David Goffin, but lost 6–3, 6–1, 2–6, 1–6, 0–6. Smith indicated that he could stick with Edmund even if the final was locked at 2–2 on Sunday. The Davis Cup was won by Great Britain for the first time in 76 years.After returning home, <mask> Tandy, was seriously ill with cancer and that had brought an end to their working relationship. Tandy was diagnosed with colon cancer and had a stroke while they were together at the US Open. It does not help that I am not using it as an excuse for what happened after Wimbledon. It has been an upsetting and worrying situation and the most important thing is his health. <mask> booked his first practice session with his new coach on December 4th, and he is one of his best friends. The Davis Cup team won the Team of the Year Award at the Sports Personality of the Year Show. <mask> failed to qualify for the Australian Open, French Open and US Open and was beaten in the first or second round of two Challenger tournaments.<mask> was dealing with tendonitis in his knee and the death of his coach. On Centre Court, <mask>'s first round match was against world no 1 Novak Djokovic. After losing 0-6, 0-3, <mask> came back to take the second set to a tie-break, but was eventually beaten 0-6, 6-7, 4-6. Six hours before his flight to the USA, <mask> was called up for the Davis Cup quarter final against Serbia in Belgrade to cover the absence of Andy Murray and Dan Evans who had a shoulder problem. <mask> had to play the second singles on Saturday because of the rain. Dusan Lajovic, world no 81 and the Serbian number one, beat <mask> in straight sets to make it 2-2. Great Britain won the Davis Cup with Jamie Murray and Dominic Inglot winning the doubles and Kyle Edmund defeating Dusan Lajovic.<mask>'s last match of the year was in September. His ranking went from 156 in January to 444 by the end of the year. After an eight-month absence due to a knee problem, <mask> returned in June for the British grass court season, but lost five first round matches, including Wimbledon, where he received a wild card. Retirement <mask> announced his retirement from tennis. Performance timelines through the Wimbledon Championships. National participation Davis Cup: 21 (10 wins, 11 losses) indicates the result of the Davis Cup match. After a rare trade during the team's playoff push, <mask> was traded from the San Diego Aviators to the Orange County Breakers.He will join the Storm during the 2020 season. LTA Profile 1987 births Living people English male tennis players Sports people from Basingstoke | [
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481122 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart%20Hall%20%28cultural%20theorist%29 | Stuart Hall (cultural theorist) | Stuart Henry McPhail Hall (3 February 1932 – 10 February 2014) was a Jamaican-born British Marxist sociologist, cultural theorist, and political activist. Hall, along with Richard Hoggart and Raymond Williams, was one of the founding figures of the school of thought that is now known as British Cultural Studies or the Birmingham School of Cultural Studies.
In the 1950s Hall was a founder of the influential New Left Review. At Hoggart's invitation, he joined the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies at Birmingham University in 1964. Hall took over from Hoggart as acting director of the centre in 1968, became its director in 1972, and remained there until 1979. While at the centre, Hall is credited with playing a role in expanding the scope of cultural studies to deal with race and gender, and with helping to incorporate new ideas derived from the work of French theorists like Michel Foucault.
Hall left the centre in 1979 to become a professor of sociology at the Open University. He was President of the British Sociological Association from 1995 to 1997. He retired from the Open University in 1997 and was a professor emeritus. British newspaper The Observer called him "one of the country's leading cultural theorists". Hall was also involved in the Black Arts Movement. Movie directors such as John Akomfrah and Isaac Julien also see him as one of their heroes.
Hall was married to Catherine Hall, a feminist professor of modern British history at University College London, with whom he had two children. After his death, Stuart Hall was described as "one of the most influential intellectuals of the last sixty years".
Biography
Stuart Hall was born on 3 February 1932 in Kingston, Jamaica, into a middle-class Jamaican family of African, English, Portuguese Jewish, and likely Indian descent. He attended Jamaica College, receiving an education modelled after the British school system. In an interview Hall describes himself as a "bright, promising scholar" in these years and his formal education as "a very 'classical' education; very good but in very formal academic terms." With the help of sympathetic teachers, he expanded his education to include "T. S. Eliot, James Joyce, Freud, Marx, Lenin and some of the surrounding literature and modern poetry", as well as "Caribbean literature". Hall's later works reveal that growing up in the pigmentocracy of the colonial West Indies, where he was of darker skin than much of his family, had a profound effect on his views.
In 1951 Hall won a Rhodes Scholarship to Merton College at the University of Oxford, where he studied English and obtained a Master of Arts degree, becoming part of the Windrush generation, the first large-scale emigration of West Indians, as that community was then known. He originally intended to do graduate work on the medieval poem Piers Plowman, reading it through the lens of contemporary literary criticism, but was dissuaded by his language professor, J. R. R. Tolkien, who told him "in a pained tone that this was not the point of the exercise." He began a PhD on Henry James at Oxford but, galvanised particularly by the 1956 Soviet invasion of Hungary (which saw many thousands of members leave the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) and look for alternatives to previous orthodoxies) and the Suez Crisis, abandoned this in 1957 or 1958 to focus on his political work. In 1957, he joined the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) and it was on a CND march that he met his future wife. From 1958 to 1960, Hall worked as a teacher in a London secondary modern school and in adult education, and in 1964 married Catherine Hall, concluding around this time that he was unlikely to return permanently to the Caribbean.
After working on the Universities and Left Review during his time at Oxford, Hall joined E. P. Thompson, Raymond Williams and others to merge it with The New Reasoner, launching the New Left Review in 1960 with Hall as the founding editor. In 1958, the same group, with Raphael Samuel, launched the Partisan Coffee House in Soho as a meeting place for left-wingers. Hall left the board of the New Left Review in 1961 or 1962.
Hall's academic career took off in 1964 after he co-wrote with Paddy Whannel of the British Film Institute "one of the first books to make the case for the serious study of film as entertainment", The Popular Arts. As a direct result, Richard Hoggart invited Hall to join the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies at the University of Birmingham, initially as a research fellow at Hoggart's own expense. In 1968 Hall became director of the centre. He wrote a number of influential articles in the years that followed, including Situating Marx: Evaluations and Departures (1972) and Encoding and Decoding in the Television Discourse (1973). He also contributed to the book Policing the Crisis (1978) and coedited the influential Resistance Through Rituals (1975).
Shortly before Thatcher became Prime Minister in 1979, Hall and Maggie Steed presented It Ain't Half Racist Mum, an Open Door programme made by the Campaign Against Racism in the Media (CARM) which tackled racial stereotypes and contemporary British attitudes to immigration. After his appointment as a professor of sociology at the Open University (OU) that year, Hall published further influential books, including The Hard Road to Renewal (1988), Formations of Modernity (1992), Questions of Cultural Identity (1996) and Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices (1997). Through the 1970s and 1980s, Hall was closely associated with the journal Marxism Today; in 1995, he was a founding editor of Soundings: A Journal of Politics and Culture.
He spoke internationally on Cultural Studies, including a series of lectures in 1983 at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign that were recorded and would decades later form the basis of the 2016 book Cultural Studies 1983: A Theoretical History (edited by Jennifer Slack and Lawrence Grossberg).
Hall was the founding chair of Iniva (Institute of International Visual Arts) and the photography organization Autograph ABP (the Association of Black Photographers).
Hall retired from the Open University in 1997. He was elected fellow of the British Academy in 2005 and received the European Cultural Foundation's Princess Margriet Award in 2008. He died on 10 February 2014, from complications following kidney failure, a week after his 82nd birthday. By the time of his death, he was widely known as the "godfather of multiculturalism". His memoir, Familiar Stranger: A Life Between Two Islands (co-authored with Bill Schwarz), was posthumously published in 2017.
He was buried on the eastern side of Highgate Cemetery.
Ideas
Hall's work covers issues of hegemony and cultural studies, taking a post-Gramscian stance. He regards language-use as operating within a framework of power, institutions and politics/economics. This view presents people as producers and consumers of culture at the same time. (Hegemony, in Gramscian theory, refers to the socio-cultural production of "consent" and "coercion".) For Hall, culture was not something to simply appreciate or study, but a "critical site of social action and intervention, where power relations are both established and potentially unsettled".
Hall became one of the main proponents of reception theory, and developed Hall's Theory of encoding and decoding. This approach to textual analysis focuses on the scope for negotiation and opposition on the part of the audience. This means that the audience does not simply passively accept a text—social control. Crime statistics, in Hall's view, are often manipulated for political and economic purposes. Moral panics (e.g. over mugging) could thereby be ignited in order to create public support for the need to "police the crisis". The media play a central role in the "social production of news" in order to reap the rewards of lurid crime stories.
In his essay "Reconstruction Work: Images of Postwar Black Settlement", Hall also interrogates questions of historical memory and visuality in relation to photography as a colonial technology. According to Hall, understanding and writing about the history of black migration and settlement in Britain during the postwar era requires a careful and critical examination of the limited historical archive, and photographic evidence proves itself invaluable. However, photographic images are often perceived as more objective than other representations, which is dangerous. In his view, one must critically examine who produced these images, what purpose they serve, and how they further their agenda (e.g., what has been deliberately included and excluded in the frame). For example, in the context of postwar Britain, photographic images like those displayed in the Picture Post article "Thirty Thousand Colour Problems" construct black migration, blackness in Britain, as "the problem". They construct miscegenation as "the centre of the problem", as "the problem of the problem", as "the core issue".
Hall's political influence extended to the Labour Party, perhaps related to the influential articles he wrote for the CPGB's theoretical journal Marxism Today (MT) that challenged the left's views of markets and general organisational and political conservatism. This discourse had a profound impact on the Labour Party under both Neil Kinnock and Tony Blair, although Hall later decried New Labour as operating on "terrain defined by Thatcherism".
Encoding and decoding model
Hall presented his encoding and decoding philosophy in various publications and at several oral events across his career. The first was in "Encoding and Decoding in the Television Discourse" (1973), a paper he wrote for the Council of Europe Colloquy on "Training in the Critical Readings of Television Language" organised by the Council and the Centre for Mass Communication Research at the University of Leicester. It was produced for students at the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies, which Paddy Scannell explains: "largely accounts for the provisional feel of the text and its 'incompleteness'". In 1974 the paper was presented at a symposium on Broadcasters and the Audience in Venice. Hall also presented his encoding and decoding model in "Encoding/Decoding" in Culture, Media, Language in 1980. The time difference between Hall's first publication on encoding and decoding in 1973 and his 1980 publication is highlighted by several critics. Of particular note is Hall's transition from the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies to the Open University.
Hall had a major influence on cultural studies, and many of the terms his texts set forth continue to be used in the field. His 1973 text is viewed as a turning point in Hall's research toward structuralism and provides insight into some of the main theoretical developments he explored at the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies.
Hall takes a semiotic approach and builds on the work of Roland Barthes and Umberto Eco. The essay takes up and challenges longheld assumptions about how media messages are produced, circulated and consumed, proposing a new theory of communication. "The 'object' of production practices and structures in television is the production of a message: that is, a sign-vehicle or rather sign-vehicles of a specific kind organized, like any other form of communication or language, through the operation of codes, within the syntagmatic chains of a discourse."
According to Hall, a message "must be perceived as meaningful discourse and meaningfully de-coded" before it has an "effect", a "use", or satisfies a "need". There are four codes of the encoding/decoding model of communication. The first way of encoding is the dominant (i.e. hegemonic) code. This is the code the encoder expects the decoder to recognize and decode. "When the viewer takes the connoted meaning ... full and straight ... and decodes the message in terms of the reference-code in which it has been coded, ... [it operates] inside the dominant code." The second way of encoding is the professional code. It operates in tandem with the dominant code. "It serves to reproduce the dominant definitions precisely by bracketing the hegemonic quality, and operating with professional codings which relate to such questions as visual quality, news and presentational values, televisual quality, 'professionalism' etc." The third way of encoding is the negotiated code. "It acknowledges the legitimacy of the hegemonic definitions to make the grand significations, while, at a more restricted, situational level, it makes its own ground-rules, it operates with 'exceptions' to the rule." The fourth way of encoding is the oppositional code, also known as the globally contrary code. "It is possible for a viewer perfectly to understand both the literal and connotative inflection given to an event, but to determine to decode the message in a globally contrary way." "Before this message can have an 'effect' (however defined), or satisfy a 'need' or be put to a 'use', it must first be perceived as a meaningful discourse and meaningfully de-coded."
Hall challenged all four components of the mass communications model. He argues that (i) meaning is not simply fixed or determined by the sender; (ii) the message is never transparent; and (iii) the audience is not a passive recipient of meaning. For example, a documentary film on asylum seekers that aims to provide a sympathetic account of their plight does not guarantee that audiences will feel sympathetic. Despite being realistic and recounting facts, the documentary must still communicate through a sign system (the aural-visual signs of TV) that simultaneously distorts the producers' intentions and evokes contradictory feelings in the audience.
Distortion is built into the system, rather than being a "failure" of the producer or viewer. There is a "lack of fit", Hall argues, "between the two sides in the communicative exchange"—that is, between the moment of the production of the message ("encoding") and the moment of its reception ("decoding").
In "Encoding/decoding", Hall suggests media messages accrue common-sense status in part through their performative nature. Through the repeated performance, staging or telling of the narrative of "9/11" (as an example; there are others like it), a culturally specific interpretation becomes not only plausible and universal but elevated to "common sense".
Views on cultural identity and the African diaspora
In his influential 1996 essay "Cultural Identity and Diaspora", Hall presents two different definitions of cultural identity.
In the first definition, cultural identity is "a sort of collective 'one true self' ... which many people with a shared history and ancestry hold in common." In this view, cultural identity provides a "stable, unchanging and continuous frame of reference and meaning" through the ebb and flow of historical change. This allows the tracing back the origins of descendants and reflecting on the historical experiences of ancestors as a shared truth. Therefore, blacks living in the diaspora need only "unearth" their African past to discover their true cultural identity. While Hall appreciates the good effects this first view of cultural identity has had in the postcolonial world, he proposes a second definition of cultural identity that he views as superior.
Hall's second definition of cultural identity "recognises that, as well as the many points of similarity, there are also critical points of deep and significant difference which constitute 'what we really are'; or rather – since history has intervened – 'what we have become'." In this view, cultural identity is not a fixed essence rooted in the past. Instead, cultural identities "undergo constant transformation" throughout history as they are "subject to the continuous 'play' of history, culture, and power". Thus Hall defines cultural identities as "the names we give to the different ways we are positioned by, and position ourselves within, the narratives of the past." This view of cultural identity was more challenging than the previous due to its dive into deep differences, but nonetheless it showed the mixture of the African diaspora. In other words, for Hall cultural identity is "not an essence but a positioning".
Presences
Hall describes Caribbean identity in terms of three distinct "presences": the African, the European, and the American. Taking the terms from Aimé Césaire and Léopold Senghor, he describes the three presences: "Présence Africaine", "Présence
Européenne", and "Présence Americaine". "Présence Africaine" is the "unspeakable 'presence' in Caribbean culture". According to Hall, the African presence, though repressed by slavery and colonialism, is in fact hiding in plain sight in every aspect of Caribbean society and culture, including language, religion, the arts, and music. For many black people living in the diaspora, Africa becomes an "imagined community" to which they feel a sense of belonging. But, Hall points out, there is no going back to the Africa that existed before slavery, because Africa too has changed. Secondly, Hall describes the European presence in Caribbean cultural identity as the legacy of colonialism, racism, power and exclusion. Unlike the "Présence Africaine", the European presence is not unspoken even though many would like to be separated from the history of the oppressor. But Hall argues that Caribbeans and diasporic peoples must acknowledge how the European presence has also become an inextricable part of their own identities. Lastly, Hall describes the American presence as the "ground, place, territory" where people and cultures from around the world collided. It is, as Hall puts it, "where the fateful/fatal encounter was staged between Africa and the West", and also where the displacement of the natives occurred.
Diasporic identity
Because diasporic cultural identity in the Caribbean and throughout the world is a mixture of all these different presences, Hall advocated a "conception of 'identity' which lives with and through, not despite, difference; by hybridity". According to Hall, black people living in diaspora are constantly reinventing themselves and their identities by mixing, hybridizing, and "creolizing" influences from Africa, Europe, and the rest of the world in their everyday lives and cultural practices. Therefore, there is no one-size-fits-all cultural identity for diasporic people, but rather a multiplicity of different cultural identities that share both important similarities and important differences, all of which should be respected.
Difference and differance
In "Cultural Identity and Diaspora", Hall sheds light on the topic of difference within black identity. He first acknowledges the oneness in the black diaspora and how this unity is at the core of blackness and the black experience. He expresses how this has a unifying effect on the diaspora, giving way to movements such as negritude and the pan-African political project. Hall also acknowledges the deep rooted "difference" within the diaspora as well. This difference was created by destructive nature of the transatlantic slave trade and the resulting generations of slavery. He describes this difference as what constitutes "what we really are", or the true nature of the diaspora. The duality of such an identity, that expresses deep unity but clear uniqueness and internal distinctness provokes a question out of Hall: "How, then, to describe this play of 'difference' within identity?" Hall's answer is 'differance'. The use of the 'a' in the word unsettles us from our initial and common interpretation of it, and was originally introduced by Jacques Derrida. This modification of the word difference conveys the separation between spatial and temporal difference, and more adequately encapsulates the nuances of the diaspora.
Legacy
The Stuart Hall Library, Iniva's reference library at Rivington Place in Shoreditch, London, founded in 2007, is named after Stuart Hall, who was the chair of the board of Iniva for many years.
In November 2014, a week-long celebration of Stuart Hall's achievements was held at the University of London's Goldsmiths College, where on 28 November the new Academic Building was renamed in his honour, as the Professor Stuart Hall building (PSH).
The establishment of the Stuart Hall Foundation in his memory and to continue his life's work was announced in December 2014. The Foundation is "committed to public education, addressing urgent questions of race and inequality in culture and society through talks and events, and building a growing network of Stuart Hall Foundation scholars and artists in residence."
In May 2016, Housmans bookshop sold Hall's private library. 3,000 books were donated to Housmans by Hall's widow Catherine Hall.
Film
Hall was a presenter of a seven-part television series entitled Redemption Song — made by Barraclough Carey Productions, and transmitted on BBC2, between 30 June and 12 August 1991 — in which he examined the elements that make up the Caribbean, looking at the turbulent history of the islands and interviewing people who live there today. The series episodes were as follows:
"Shades of Freedom" (11/08/1991)
"Following Fidel" (04/08/1991)
"Worlds Apart" (28 July 1991)
"La Grande Illusion" (21 July 1991)
"Paradise Lost" (14 July 1991)
"Out of Africa" (7 July 1991)
"Iron in the Soul" (30 June 1991)
Hall's lectures have been turned into several videos distributed by the Media Education Foundation:
Race, the Floating Signifier (1997).
Representation & the Media (1997).
The Origins of Cultural Studies (2006).
Mike Dibb produced a film based on a long interview between journalist Maya Jaggi and Stuart Hall called Personally Speaking (2009).
Hall is the subject of two films directed by John Akomfrah, entitled The Unfinished Conversation (2012) and The Stuart Hall Project (2013). The first film was shown (26 October 2013 – 23 March 2014) at Tate Britain, Millbank, London, while the second is now available on DVD.
The Stuart Hall Project was composed of clips drawn from more than 100 hours of archival footage of Hall, woven together over the music of jazz artist Miles Davis, who was an inspiration to both Hall and Akomfrah.
The film's structure is composed of multiple strands. There is a chronological grounding in historical events, such as the Suez Crisis, the Vietnam War, and the Hungarian Uprising of 1956, along with reflections by Hall on his experiences as an immigrant from the Caribbean to Britain. Another historical event vital to the film was the 1958 Notting Hill race riots occasioned by the murder of a Black British man; these protests showed the presence of a black community within England. When discussing the Caribbean, Hall discusses the idea of hybridity and he states that the Caribbean is the home of hybridity. There are also voiceovers and interviews offered without a specific temporal grounding in the film that nonetheless give the viewer greater insights into Hall and his philosophy. Along with the voiceovers and interviews, embedded in the film are also Hall's personal achievements; this is extremely rare, as there are no traditional archives of those Caribbean peoples moulded by the Middle Passage experience.
The film can be viewed as a more pointedly focused take on the Windrush generation, those who migrated from the Caribbean to Britain in the years immediately following the World War II. Hall, himself a member of this generation, focused on the racial discrimination faced by the Windrush generation, contrasting the idealized perceptions among West Indian immigrants of Britain versus the harsher reality they encountered when arriving in the "mother country".
A central theme in the film is diasporic belonging. Hall confronted his own identity within both British and Caribbean communities, and at one point in the film he remarks: "Britain is my home, but I am not English."
IMDb summarises the film as "a roller coaster ride through the upheavals, struggles and turning points that made the 20th century the century of campaigning, and of global political and cultural change."
In August 2012, Professor Sut Jhally conducted an interview with Hall that touched on a number of themes and issues in cultural studies.
Book
McRobbie has also written an article in tribute to Hall:
Scott, David (2017). Stuart Hall's Voice: Intimations of an Ethics of Receptive Generosity. Duke University Press.
Publications (incomplete)
1960s
1970s
Hall, Stuart (1971). Deviancy, Politics and the Media. Birmingham: Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies.
Hall, Stuart (1971). "Life and Death of Picture Post", Cambridge Review, vol. 92, no. 2201.
Hall, Stuart; P. Walton (1972). Situating Marx: Evaluations and Departures. London: Human Context Books.
Hall, Stuart (1972). "The Social Eye of Picture Post", Working Papers in Cultural Studies, no. 2, pp. 71–120.
Hall, Stuart (1973). Encoding and Decoding in the Television Discourse. Birmingham: Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies.
Hall, Stuart (1973). A ‘Reading’ of Marx's 1857 Introduction to the Grundrisse. Birmingham: Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies.
Hall, Stuart (1974). "Marx's Notes on Method: A ‘Reading’ of the ‘1857 Introduction’", Working Papers in Cultural Studies, no. 6, pp. 132–171.
Hall, Stuart; T. Jefferson (1976), Resistance Through Rituals, Youth Subcultures in Post-War Britain. London: HarperCollinsAcademic.
Hall, Stuart; C. Critcher; T. Jefferson; J. Clarke; B. Roberts (1978), Policing the Crisis: Mugging, the State and Law and Order. London: Macmillan. London: Macmillan Press. (paperback); (hardback).
1980s
Hall, Stuart (1980). "Encoding / Decoding." In: Hall, D. Hobson, A. Lowe, and P. Willis (eds). Culture, Media, Language: Working Papers in Cultural Studies, 1972–79. London: Hutchinson, pp. 128–138.
Hall, Stuart (1980). "Race, Articulation and Societies Structured in Dominance." In: UNESCO (ed). Sociological Theories: Race and Colonialism. Paris: UNESCO. pp. 305–345.
Hall, Stuart (1981). "Notes on Deconstructing the Popular". In: People's History and Socialist Theory. London: Routledge.
Hall, Stuart; P. Scraton (1981). "Law, Class and Control". In: M. Fitzgerald, G. McLennan & J. Pawson (eds). Crime and Society, London: RKP.
Hall, Stuart (1988). The Hard Road to Renewal: Thatcherism and the Crisis of the Left. London: Verso Books.
Hall, Stuart (1989). "Ethnicity: Identity and Difference". Radical America 23 (4): 9–20. Available online.
1990s
Available online.
2000s
2010s
Hall, Stuart (2016). Cultural Studies 1983: A Theoretical History. Slack, Jennifer and Lawrence Grossberg, eds. Duke University Press. .
See also
Articulation (sociology)
Musgrave Medal
Bill Schwarz
References
Footnotes
Bibliography
Further reading
External links
Stuart Hall Foundation website
Marcus Williamson, Obituary in The Independent, 11 February 2014.
John O'Hara interview with Stuart Hall for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's Doubletake program, originally broadcast 5 May 1983: The Narrative Construction of Reality – Stuart Hall. Republished in centerforbookculture.org's "Context" online edition, No. 10. Retrieved 16 April 2008.
Mitchell, Don. Chapter 24: Stuart Hall. In: Key Thinkers on Space and Place. Phil Hubbard, Rob Kitchin, Gill Valentine (2004), pp. 160ff. .
Marxist Media Theory
John Simkin, Stuart Hall biography, Spartacus Educational, September 1997 (updated August 2014).
Stuart Hall discussing globalization and power (2003, audio), darkmatter Journal.
Stuart Hall in conversation with Les Back (2010, audio), darkmatter Journal.
Listing on the "people" section of Marxists.org
in conversation with Pnina Werbner, March 2006 (video)
"Professor Stuart Hall", Desert Island Discs, BBC Radio 4, 18 February 2000.
Richard Paterson, Paul Gerhardt, "Stuart Hall (1932–2014)", BFI, 11 February 2014.
Alex Callinicos, "Stuart Hall in perspective", International Socialism, Issue 142, 2 April 2014.
Jessica Evans (Department of Sociology), "Stuart Hall: An OU perspective", The Open University, 14 February 2014.
The Stuart Hall Archive is held at the Cadbury Research Library, Special Collections, University of Birmingham.
1932 births
2014 deaths
Burials at Highgate Cemetery
Academics of the Open University
Academics of the University of Birmingham
Alumni of Merton College, Oxford
Black British writers
British feminists
British literary critics
British semioticians
British sociologists
Colony of Jamaica people
Fellows of the British Academy
Jamaican emigrants to the United Kingdom
Jamaican people of Indian descent
Jamaican people of Jewish descent
Jamaican people of Scottish descent
Jamaican Rhodes Scholars
People from Kingston, Jamaica
Presidents of the British Sociological Association | [
"Stuart Henry McPhail Hall (3 February 1932 – 10 February 2014) was a Jamaican-born British Marxist sociologist, cultural theorist, and political activist.",
"Hall, along with Richard Hoggart and Raymond Williams, was one of the founding figures of the school of thought that is now known as British Cultural Studies or the Birmingham School of Cultural Studies.",
"In the 1950s Hall was a founder of the influential New Left Review.",
"At Hoggart's invitation, he joined the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies at Birmingham University in 1964.",
"Hall took over from Hoggart as acting director of the centre in 1968, became its director in 1972, and remained there until 1979.",
"While at the centre, Hall is credited with playing a role in expanding the scope of cultural studies to deal with race and gender, and with helping to incorporate new ideas derived from the work of French theorists like Michel Foucault.",
"Hall left the centre in 1979 to become a professor of sociology at the Open University.",
"He was President of the British Sociological Association from 1995 to 1997.",
"He retired from the Open University in 1997 and was a professor emeritus.",
"British newspaper The Observer called him \"one of the country's leading cultural theorists\".",
"Hall was also involved in the Black Arts Movement.",
"Movie directors such as John Akomfrah and Isaac Julien also see him as one of their heroes.",
"Hall was married to Catherine Hall, a feminist professor of modern British history at University College London, with whom he had two children.",
"After his death, Stuart Hall was described as \"one of the most influential intellectuals of the last sixty years\".",
"Biography\nStuart Hall was born on 3 February 1932 in Kingston, Jamaica, into a middle-class Jamaican family of African, English, Portuguese Jewish, and likely Indian descent.",
"He attended Jamaica College, receiving an education modelled after the British school system.",
"In an interview Hall describes himself as a \"bright, promising scholar\" in these years and his formal education as \"a very 'classical' education; very good but in very formal academic terms.\"",
"With the help of sympathetic teachers, he expanded his education to include \"T. S. Eliot, James Joyce, Freud, Marx, Lenin and some of the surrounding literature and modern poetry\", as well as \"Caribbean literature\".",
"Hall's later works reveal that growing up in the pigmentocracy of the colonial West Indies, where he was of darker skin than much of his family, had a profound effect on his views.",
"In 1951 Hall won a Rhodes Scholarship to Merton College at the University of Oxford, where he studied English and obtained a Master of Arts degree, becoming part of the Windrush generation, the first large-scale emigration of West Indians, as that community was then known.",
"He originally intended to do graduate work on the medieval poem Piers Plowman, reading it through the lens of contemporary literary criticism, but was dissuaded by his language professor, J. R. R. Tolkien, who told him \"in a pained tone that this was not the point of the exercise.\"",
"He began a PhD on Henry James at Oxford but, galvanised particularly by the 1956 Soviet invasion of Hungary (which saw many thousands of members leave the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) and look for alternatives to previous orthodoxies) and the Suez Crisis, abandoned this in 1957 or 1958 to focus on his political work.",
"In 1957, he joined the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) and it was on a CND march that he met his future wife.",
"From 1958 to 1960, Hall worked as a teacher in a London secondary modern school and in adult education, and in 1964 married Catherine Hall, concluding around this time that he was unlikely to return permanently to the Caribbean.",
"After working on the Universities and Left Review during his time at Oxford, Hall joined E. P. Thompson, Raymond Williams and others to merge it with The New Reasoner, launching the New Left Review in 1960 with Hall as the founding editor.",
"In 1958, the same group, with Raphael Samuel, launched the Partisan Coffee House in Soho as a meeting place for left-wingers.",
"Hall left the board of the New Left Review in 1961 or 1962.",
"Hall's academic career took off in 1964 after he co-wrote with Paddy Whannel of the British Film Institute \"one of the first books to make the case for the serious study of film as entertainment\", The Popular Arts.",
"As a direct result, Richard Hoggart invited Hall to join the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies at the University of Birmingham, initially as a research fellow at Hoggart's own expense.",
"In 1968 Hall became director of the centre.",
"He wrote a number of influential articles in the years that followed, including Situating Marx: Evaluations and Departures (1972) and Encoding and Decoding in the Television Discourse (1973).",
"He also contributed to the book Policing the Crisis (1978) and coedited the influential Resistance Through Rituals (1975).",
"Shortly before Thatcher became Prime Minister in 1979, Hall and Maggie Steed presented It Ain't Half Racist Mum, an Open Door programme made by the Campaign Against Racism in the Media (CARM) which tackled racial stereotypes and contemporary British attitudes to immigration.",
"After his appointment as a professor of sociology at the Open University (OU) that year, Hall published further influential books, including The Hard Road to Renewal (1988), Formations of Modernity (1992), Questions of Cultural Identity (1996) and Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices (1997).",
"Through the 1970s and 1980s, Hall was closely associated with the journal Marxism Today; in 1995, he was a founding editor of Soundings: A Journal of Politics and Culture.",
"He spoke internationally on Cultural Studies, including a series of lectures in 1983 at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign that were recorded and would decades later form the basis of the 2016 book Cultural Studies 1983: A Theoretical History (edited by Jennifer Slack and Lawrence Grossberg).",
"Hall was the founding chair of Iniva (Institute of International Visual Arts) and the photography organization Autograph ABP (the Association of Black Photographers).",
"Hall retired from the Open University in 1997.",
"He was elected fellow of the British Academy in 2005 and received the European Cultural Foundation's Princess Margriet Award in 2008.",
"He died on 10 February 2014, from complications following kidney failure, a week after his 82nd birthday.",
"By the time of his death, he was widely known as the \"godfather of multiculturalism\".",
"His memoir, Familiar Stranger: A Life Between Two Islands (co-authored with Bill Schwarz), was posthumously published in 2017.",
"He was buried on the eastern side of Highgate Cemetery.",
"Ideas\nHall's work covers issues of hegemony and cultural studies, taking a post-Gramscian stance.",
"He regards language-use as operating within a framework of power, institutions and politics/economics.",
"This view presents people as producers and consumers of culture at the same time.",
"(Hegemony, in Gramscian theory, refers to the socio-cultural production of \"consent\" and \"coercion\".)",
"For Hall, culture was not something to simply appreciate or study, but a \"critical site of social action and intervention, where power relations are both established and potentially unsettled\".",
"Hall became one of the main proponents of reception theory, and developed Hall's Theory of encoding and decoding.",
"This approach to textual analysis focuses on the scope for negotiation and opposition on the part of the audience.",
"This means that the audience does not simply passively accept a text—social control.",
"Crime statistics, in Hall's view, are often manipulated for political and economic purposes.",
"Moral panics (e.g.",
"over mugging) could thereby be ignited in order to create public support for the need to \"police the crisis\".",
"The media play a central role in the \"social production of news\" in order to reap the rewards of lurid crime stories.",
"In his essay \"Reconstruction Work: Images of Postwar Black Settlement\", Hall also interrogates questions of historical memory and visuality in relation to photography as a colonial technology.",
"According to Hall, understanding and writing about the history of black migration and settlement in Britain during the postwar era requires a careful and critical examination of the limited historical archive, and photographic evidence proves itself invaluable.",
"However, photographic images are often perceived as more objective than other representations, which is dangerous.",
"In his view, one must critically examine who produced these images, what purpose they serve, and how they further their agenda (e.g., what has been deliberately included and excluded in the frame).",
"For example, in the context of postwar Britain, photographic images like those displayed in the Picture Post article \"Thirty Thousand Colour Problems\" construct black migration, blackness in Britain, as \"the problem\".",
"They construct miscegenation as \"the centre of the problem\", as \"the problem of the problem\", as \"the core issue\".",
"Hall's political influence extended to the Labour Party, perhaps related to the influential articles he wrote for the CPGB's theoretical journal Marxism Today (MT) that challenged the left's views of markets and general organisational and political conservatism.",
"This discourse had a profound impact on the Labour Party under both Neil Kinnock and Tony Blair, although Hall later decried New Labour as operating on \"terrain defined by Thatcherism\".",
"Encoding and decoding model\n\nHall presented his encoding and decoding philosophy in various publications and at several oral events across his career.",
"The first was in \"Encoding and Decoding in the Television Discourse\" (1973), a paper he wrote for the Council of Europe Colloquy on \"Training in the Critical Readings of Television Language\" organised by the Council and the Centre for Mass Communication Research at the University of Leicester.",
"It was produced for students at the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies, which Paddy Scannell explains: \"largely accounts for the provisional feel of the text and its 'incompleteness'\".",
"In 1974 the paper was presented at a symposium on Broadcasters and the Audience in Venice.",
"Hall also presented his encoding and decoding model in \"Encoding/Decoding\" in Culture, Media, Language in 1980.",
"The time difference between Hall's first publication on encoding and decoding in 1973 and his 1980 publication is highlighted by several critics.",
"Of particular note is Hall's transition from the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies to the Open University.",
"Hall had a major influence on cultural studies, and many of the terms his texts set forth continue to be used in the field.",
"His 1973 text is viewed as a turning point in Hall's research toward structuralism and provides insight into some of the main theoretical developments he explored at the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies.",
"Hall takes a semiotic approach and builds on the work of Roland Barthes and Umberto Eco.",
"The essay takes up and challenges longheld assumptions about how media messages are produced, circulated and consumed, proposing a new theory of communication.",
"\"The 'object' of production practices and structures in television is the production of a message: that is, a sign-vehicle or rather sign-vehicles of a specific kind organized, like any other form of communication or language, through the operation of codes, within the syntagmatic chains of a discourse.\"",
"According to Hall, a message \"must be perceived as meaningful discourse and meaningfully de-coded\" before it has an \"effect\", a \"use\", or satisfies a \"need\".",
"There are four codes of the encoding/decoding model of communication.",
"The first way of encoding is the dominant (i.e.",
"hegemonic) code.",
"This is the code the encoder expects the decoder to recognize and decode.",
"\"When the viewer takes the connoted meaning ... full and straight ... and decodes the message in terms of the reference-code in which it has been coded, ... [it operates] inside the dominant code.\"",
"The second way of encoding is the professional code.",
"It operates in tandem with the dominant code.",
"\"It serves to reproduce the dominant definitions precisely by bracketing the hegemonic quality, and operating with professional codings which relate to such questions as visual quality, news and presentational values, televisual quality, 'professionalism' etc.\"",
"The third way of encoding is the negotiated code.",
"\"It acknowledges the legitimacy of the hegemonic definitions to make the grand significations, while, at a more restricted, situational level, it makes its own ground-rules, it operates with 'exceptions' to the rule.\"",
"The fourth way of encoding is the oppositional code, also known as the globally contrary code.",
"\"It is possible for a viewer perfectly to understand both the literal and connotative inflection given to an event, but to determine to decode the message in a globally contrary way.\"",
"\"Before this message can have an 'effect' (however defined), or satisfy a 'need' or be put to a 'use', it must first be perceived as a meaningful discourse and meaningfully de-coded.\"",
"Hall challenged all four components of the mass communications model.",
"He argues that (i) meaning is not simply fixed or determined by the sender; (ii) the message is never transparent; and (iii) the audience is not a passive recipient of meaning.",
"For example, a documentary film on asylum seekers that aims to provide a sympathetic account of their plight does not guarantee that audiences will feel sympathetic.",
"Despite being realistic and recounting facts, the documentary must still communicate through a sign system (the aural-visual signs of TV) that simultaneously distorts the producers' intentions and evokes contradictory feelings in the audience.",
"Distortion is built into the system, rather than being a \"failure\" of the producer or viewer.",
"There is a \"lack of fit\", Hall argues, \"between the two sides in the communicative exchange\"—that is, between the moment of the production of the message (\"encoding\") and the moment of its reception (\"decoding\").",
"In \"Encoding/decoding\", Hall suggests media messages accrue common-sense status in part through their performative nature.",
"Through the repeated performance, staging or telling of the narrative of \"9/11\" (as an example; there are others like it), a culturally specific interpretation becomes not only plausible and universal but elevated to \"common sense\".",
"Views on cultural identity and the African diaspora\n\nIn his influential 1996 essay \"Cultural Identity and Diaspora\", Hall presents two different definitions of cultural identity.",
"In the first definition, cultural identity is \"a sort of collective 'one true self' ... which many people with a shared history and ancestry hold in common.\"",
"In this view, cultural identity provides a \"stable, unchanging and continuous frame of reference and meaning\" through the ebb and flow of historical change.",
"This allows the tracing back the origins of descendants and reflecting on the historical experiences of ancestors as a shared truth.",
"Therefore, blacks living in the diaspora need only \"unearth\" their African past to discover their true cultural identity.",
"While Hall appreciates the good effects this first view of cultural identity has had in the postcolonial world, he proposes a second definition of cultural identity that he views as superior.",
"Hall's second definition of cultural identity \"recognises that, as well as the many points of similarity, there are also critical points of deep and significant difference which constitute 'what we really are'; or rather – since history has intervened – 'what we have become'.\"",
"In this view, cultural identity is not a fixed essence rooted in the past.",
"Instead, cultural identities \"undergo constant transformation\" throughout history as they are \"subject to the continuous 'play' of history, culture, and power\".",
"Thus Hall defines cultural identities as \"the names we give to the different ways we are positioned by, and position ourselves within, the narratives of the past.\"",
"This view of cultural identity was more challenging than the previous due to its dive into deep differences, but nonetheless it showed the mixture of the African diaspora.",
"In other words, for Hall cultural identity is \"not an essence but a positioning\".",
"Presences\n\nHall describes Caribbean identity in terms of three distinct \"presences\": the African, the European, and the American.",
"Taking the terms from Aimé Césaire and Léopold Senghor, he describes the three presences: \"Présence Africaine\", \"Présence\nEuropéenne\", and \"Présence Americaine\".",
"\"Présence Africaine\" is the \"unspeakable 'presence' in Caribbean culture\".",
"According to Hall, the African presence, though repressed by slavery and colonialism, is in fact hiding in plain sight in every aspect of Caribbean society and culture, including language, religion, the arts, and music.",
"For many black people living in the diaspora, Africa becomes an \"imagined community\" to which they feel a sense of belonging.",
"But, Hall points out, there is no going back to the Africa that existed before slavery, because Africa too has changed.",
"Secondly, Hall describes the European presence in Caribbean cultural identity as the legacy of colonialism, racism, power and exclusion.",
"Unlike the \"Présence Africaine\", the European presence is not unspoken even though many would like to be separated from the history of the oppressor.",
"But Hall argues that Caribbeans and diasporic peoples must acknowledge how the European presence has also become an inextricable part of their own identities.",
"Lastly, Hall describes the American presence as the \"ground, place, territory\" where people and cultures from around the world collided.",
"It is, as Hall puts it, \"where the fateful/fatal encounter was staged between Africa and the West\", and also where the displacement of the natives occurred.",
"Diasporic identity\n\nBecause diasporic cultural identity in the Caribbean and throughout the world is a mixture of all these different presences, Hall advocated a \"conception of 'identity' which lives with and through, not despite, difference; by hybridity\".",
"According to Hall, black people living in diaspora are constantly reinventing themselves and their identities by mixing, hybridizing, and \"creolizing\" influences from Africa, Europe, and the rest of the world in their everyday lives and cultural practices.",
"Therefore, there is no one-size-fits-all cultural identity for diasporic people, but rather a multiplicity of different cultural identities that share both important similarities and important differences, all of which should be respected.",
"Difference and differance\n\nIn \"Cultural Identity and Diaspora\", Hall sheds light on the topic of difference within black identity.",
"He first acknowledges the oneness in the black diaspora and how this unity is at the core of blackness and the black experience.",
"He expresses how this has a unifying effect on the diaspora, giving way to movements such as negritude and the pan-African political project.",
"Hall also acknowledges the deep rooted \"difference\" within the diaspora as well.",
"This difference was created by destructive nature of the transatlantic slave trade and the resulting generations of slavery.",
"He describes this difference as what constitutes \"what we really are\", or the true nature of the diaspora.",
"The duality of such an identity, that expresses deep unity but clear uniqueness and internal distinctness provokes a question out of Hall: \"How, then, to describe this play of 'difference' within identity?\"",
"Hall's answer is 'differance'.",
"The use of the 'a' in the word unsettles us from our initial and common interpretation of it, and was originally introduced by Jacques Derrida.",
"This modification of the word difference conveys the separation between spatial and temporal difference, and more adequately encapsulates the nuances of the diaspora.",
"Legacy\n The Stuart Hall Library, Iniva's reference library at Rivington Place in Shoreditch, London, founded in 2007, is named after Stuart Hall, who was the chair of the board of Iniva for many years.",
"In November 2014, a week-long celebration of Stuart Hall's achievements was held at the University of London's Goldsmiths College, where on 28 November the new Academic Building was renamed in his honour, as the Professor Stuart Hall building (PSH).",
"The establishment of the Stuart Hall Foundation in his memory and to continue his life's work was announced in December 2014.",
"The Foundation is \"committed to public education, addressing urgent questions of race and inequality in culture and society through talks and events, and building a growing network of Stuart Hall Foundation scholars and artists in residence.\"",
"In May 2016, Housmans bookshop sold Hall's private library.",
"3,000 books were donated to Housmans by Hall's widow Catherine Hall.",
"Film\nHall was a presenter of a seven-part television series entitled Redemption Song — made by Barraclough Carey Productions, and transmitted on BBC2, between 30 June and 12 August 1991 — in which he examined the elements that make up the Caribbean, looking at the turbulent history of the islands and interviewing people who live there today.",
"The series episodes were as follows:\n \"Shades of Freedom\" (11/08/1991)\n \"Following Fidel\" (04/08/1991)\n \"Worlds Apart\" (28 July 1991)\n \"La Grande Illusion\" (21 July 1991)\n \"Paradise Lost\" (14 July 1991)\n \"Out of Africa\" (7 July 1991)\n \"Iron in the Soul\" (30 June 1991)\n\nHall's lectures have been turned into several videos distributed by the Media Education Foundation:\n Race, the Floating Signifier (1997).",
"Representation & the Media (1997).",
"The Origins of Cultural Studies (2006).",
"Mike Dibb produced a film based on a long interview between journalist Maya Jaggi and Stuart Hall called Personally Speaking (2009).",
"Hall is the subject of two films directed by John Akomfrah, entitled The Unfinished Conversation (2012) and The Stuart Hall Project (2013).",
"The first film was shown (26 October 2013 – 23 March 2014) at Tate Britain, Millbank, London, while the second is now available on DVD.",
"The Stuart Hall Project was composed of clips drawn from more than 100 hours of archival footage of Hall, woven together over the music of jazz artist Miles Davis, who was an inspiration to both Hall and Akomfrah.",
"The film's structure is composed of multiple strands.",
"There is a chronological grounding in historical events, such as the Suez Crisis, the Vietnam War, and the Hungarian Uprising of 1956, along with reflections by Hall on his experiences as an immigrant from the Caribbean to Britain.",
"Another historical event vital to the film was the 1958 Notting Hill race riots occasioned by the murder of a Black British man; these protests showed the presence of a black community within England.",
"When discussing the Caribbean, Hall discusses the idea of hybridity and he states that the Caribbean is the home of hybridity.",
"There are also voiceovers and interviews offered without a specific temporal grounding in the film that nonetheless give the viewer greater insights into Hall and his philosophy.",
"Along with the voiceovers and interviews, embedded in the film are also Hall's personal achievements; this is extremely rare, as there are no traditional archives of those Caribbean peoples moulded by the Middle Passage experience.",
"The film can be viewed as a more pointedly focused take on the Windrush generation, those who migrated from the Caribbean to Britain in the years immediately following the World War II.",
"Hall, himself a member of this generation, focused on the racial discrimination faced by the Windrush generation, contrasting the idealized perceptions among West Indian immigrants of Britain versus the harsher reality they encountered when arriving in the \"mother country\".",
"A central theme in the film is diasporic belonging.",
"Hall confronted his own identity within both British and Caribbean communities, and at one point in the film he remarks: \"Britain is my home, but I am not English.\"",
"IMDb summarises the film as \"a roller coaster ride through the upheavals, struggles and turning points that made the 20th century the century of campaigning, and of global political and cultural change.\"",
"In August 2012, Professor Sut Jhally conducted an interview with Hall that touched on a number of themes and issues in cultural studies.",
"Book \n McRobbie has also written an article in tribute to Hall: \nScott, David (2017).",
"Stuart Hall's Voice: Intimations of an Ethics of Receptive Generosity.",
"Duke University Press.",
"Publications (incomplete)\n\n1960s\n\n1970s\n Hall, Stuart (1971).",
"Deviancy, Politics and the Media.",
"Birmingham: Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies.",
"Hall, Stuart (1971).",
"\"Life and Death of Picture Post\", Cambridge Review, vol.",
"92, no.",
"2201.",
"Hall, Stuart; P. Walton (1972).",
"Situating Marx: Evaluations and Departures.",
"London: Human Context Books.",
"Hall, Stuart (1972).",
"\"The Social Eye of Picture Post\", Working Papers in Cultural Studies, no.",
"2, pp.",
"71–120.",
"Hall, Stuart (1973).",
"Encoding and Decoding in the Television Discourse.",
"Birmingham: Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies.",
"Hall, Stuart (1973).",
"A ‘Reading’ of Marx's 1857 Introduction to the Grundrisse.",
"Birmingham: Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies.",
"Hall, Stuart (1974).",
"\"Marx's Notes on Method: A ‘Reading’ of the ‘1857 Introduction’\", Working Papers in Cultural Studies, no.",
"6, pp.",
"132–171.",
"Hall, Stuart; T. Jefferson (1976), Resistance Through Rituals, Youth Subcultures in Post-War Britain.",
"London: HarperCollinsAcademic.",
"Hall, Stuart; C. Critcher; T. Jefferson; J. Clarke; B. Roberts (1978), Policing the Crisis: Mugging, the State and Law and Order.",
"London: Macmillan.",
"London: Macmillan Press.",
"(paperback); (hardback).",
"1980s\n Hall, Stuart (1980).",
"\"Encoding / Decoding.\"",
"In: Hall, D. Hobson, A. Lowe, and P. Willis (eds).",
"Culture, Media, Language: Working Papers in Cultural Studies, 1972–79.",
"London: Hutchinson, pp.",
"128–138.",
"Hall, Stuart (1980).",
"\"Race, Articulation and Societies Structured in Dominance.\"",
"In: UNESCO (ed).",
"Sociological Theories: Race and Colonialism.",
"Paris: UNESCO.",
"pp.",
"305–345.",
"Hall, Stuart (1981).",
"\"Notes on Deconstructing the Popular\".",
"In: People's History and Socialist Theory.",
"London: Routledge.",
"Hall, Stuart; P. Scraton (1981).",
"\"Law, Class and Control\".",
"In: M. Fitzgerald, G. McLennan & J. Pawson (eds).",
"Crime and Society, London: RKP.",
"Hall, Stuart (1988).",
"The Hard Road to Renewal: Thatcherism and the Crisis of the Left.",
"London: Verso Books.",
"Hall, Stuart (1989).",
"\"Ethnicity: Identity and Difference\".",
"Radical America 23 (4): 9–20.",
"Available online.",
"1990s\n \n \n \n \n \n Available online.",
"2000s\n\n2010s\n \n \n Hall, Stuart (2016).",
"Cultural Studies 1983: A Theoretical History.",
"Slack, Jennifer and Lawrence Grossberg, eds.",
"Duke University Press. .\n\nSee also\n Articulation (sociology)\n Musgrave Medal\n Bill Schwarz\n\nReferences\n\nFootnotes\n\nBibliography\n\nFurther reading\n\nExternal links \n\n Stuart Hall Foundation website\n Marcus Williamson, Obituary in The Independent, 11 February 2014.",
"John O'Hara interview with Stuart Hall for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's Doubletake program, originally broadcast 5 May 1983: The Narrative Construction of Reality – Stuart Hall.",
"Republished in centerforbookculture.org's \"Context\" online edition, No.",
"10.",
"Retrieved 16 April 2008.",
"Mitchell, Don.",
"Chapter 24: Stuart Hall.",
"In: Key Thinkers on Space and Place.",
"Phil Hubbard, Rob Kitchin, Gill Valentine (2004), pp.",
"160ff. .\n Marxist Media Theory\n John Simkin, Stuart Hall biography, Spartacus Educational, September 1997 (updated August 2014).",
"Stuart Hall discussing globalization and power (2003, audio), darkmatter Journal.",
"Stuart Hall in conversation with Les Back (2010, audio), darkmatter Journal.",
"Listing on the \"people\" section of Marxists.org\n in conversation with Pnina Werbner, March 2006 (video)\n \"Professor Stuart Hall\", Desert Island Discs, BBC Radio 4, 18 February 2000.",
"Richard Paterson, Paul Gerhardt, \"Stuart Hall (1932–2014)\", BFI, 11 February 2014.",
"Alex Callinicos, \"Stuart Hall in perspective\", International Socialism, Issue 142, 2 April 2014.",
"Jessica Evans (Department of Sociology), \"Stuart Hall: An OU perspective\", The Open University, 14 February 2014.",
"The Stuart Hall Archive is held at the Cadbury Research Library, Special Collections, University of Birmingham.",
"1932 births\n2014 deaths\nBurials at Highgate Cemetery\nAcademics of the Open University\nAcademics of the University of Birmingham\nAlumni of Merton College, Oxford\nBlack British writers\nBritish feminists\nBritish literary critics\nBritish semioticians\nBritish sociologists\nColony of Jamaica people\nFellows of the British Academy\nJamaican emigrants to the United Kingdom\nJamaican people of Indian descent\nJamaican people of Jewish descent\nJamaican people of Scottish descent\nJamaican Rhodes Scholars\nPeople from Kingston, Jamaica\nPresidents of the British Sociological Association"
] | [
"Stuart Henry McPhail Hall was a Jamaican born British Marxist sociologist.",
"One of the founding figures of the school of thought was Hall.",
"Hall was a founder of the New Left Review.",
"He joined the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies in 1964.",
"Hall was acting director of the centre in 1968, became its director in 1972 and remained there until 1979.",
"Hall is credited with helping to expand the scope of cultural studies to deal with race and gender, and with helping to incorporate new ideas from the work of French theorists like Foucault.",
"In 1979 Hall left the centre to become a professor at the Open University.",
"He was the President of the British Sociological Association from 1995 to 1997.",
"He retired from the Open University in 1997.",
"He was called one of the country's leading cultural theorists by The Observer.",
"Hall was a member of the Black Arts movement.",
"Movie directors see him as one of their heroes.",
"Hall had two children with Catherine Hall, a feminist professor of modern British history at University College London.",
"Stuart Hall was described as one of the most influential intellectuals of the last sixty years.",
"Stuart Hall was born on February 3, 1932 in Kingston, Jamaica, into a middle-class Jamaican family of African, English, Portuguese Jewish, and possibly Indian descent.",
"He received an education similar to the British school system at Jamaica College.",
"In an interview Hall describes himself as a bright, promising scholar in these years and his formal education as \"a very 'classical' education; very good but in very formal academic terms.\"",
"With the help of sympathetic teachers, he expanded his education to include \"T. S. Eliot, James Joyce, Freud, Marx, and some of the surrounding literature and modern poetry\", as well as \"Caribbean literature\".",
"Growing up in the West Indies, where he was of darker skin than most of his family, had a profound effect on Hall's views.",
"Hall became part of the Windrush generation, the first large-scale emigration of West Indians, when he obtained a Master of Arts degree from the University of Oxford after winning a Rhodes Scholarship in 1951.",
"He wanted to do graduate work on the medieval poem Piers Plowman, but his language professor told him it wasn't the point.",
"He began a PhD on Henry James at Oxford, but abandoned it in 1957 or 1958 because he was galvanised by the Soviet invasion of Hungary and the Suez Crisis.",
"He met his wife on a CND march after joining the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament.",
"Hall worked as a teacher in a London secondary modern school and in adult education from 1958 to 1960 and married Catherine Hall in 1964, but he was unlikely to return to the Caribbean permanently.",
"The New Left Review was launched in 1960 with Hall as the founding editor.",
"The Partisan Coffee House in Soho was launched in 1959 as a meeting place for left-wingers.",
"In 1961, or 1962, Hall left the board of the New Left Review.",
"One of the first books to make the case for the serious study of film as entertainment was co-authored by Hall and Whannel.",
"Hall was invited to join the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies at the University of Birmingham, initially as a research fellow, because of a direct result.",
"Hall became the centre's director in 1968.",
"He wrote several influential articles in the years that followed, including Situating Marx: Evaluations and Departures and Encoding and Decoding in the Television Discourse.",
"The influential Resistance Through Rituals was coedited by him.",
"It Ain't Half Racist Mum, an Open Door programme made by the Campaign Against Racism in the Media, tackled racial stereotypes and contemporary British attitudes to immigration before Thatcher became Prime Minister.",
"The Hard Road to Renewal, Formations of Modernity, Questions of Cultural Identity, and Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices were all published by Hall after he became a professor at the Open University.",
"Hall was a founding editor of Soundings: A Journal of Politics and Culture in 1995.",
"The basis of the 2016 book Cultural Studies 1983: A Theoretical History is a series of lectures he gave in 1983 at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.",
"Hall was the founding chair of Iniva and the Association of Black Photographers.",
"In 1997 Hall retired from the Open University.",
"He received the European Cultural Foundation's Princess Margriet Award in 2008.",
"He died on February 10, a week after his birthday.",
"He was known as the \"godfather of multiculturalism\" by the time he died.",
"His memoir, Familiar Stranger: A Life Between Two Islands, was published posthumously.",
"He was buried on the eastern side of the cemetery.",
"Taking a post-Gramscian stance, ideas hall's work covers issues of hegemony and cultural studies.",
"He considers language use to be within a framework of power, institutions and politics.",
"People are presented as producers and consumers of culture at the same time.",
"Gramscian theory refers to the socio-cultural production of consent and coercion.",
"The \"critical site of social action and intervention, where power relations are both established and potentially unstable\" was what culture was for Hall.",
"Hall was one of the main proponents of Theory theory.",
"The scope for negotiation and opposition on the part of the audience is the focus of this approach.",
"The audience does not simply accept a text.",
"Hall believes that crime statistics are often manipulated for political and economic reasons.",
"Moral panics.",
"Public support for the need to \"police the crisis\" could be created by this.",
"In order to get the rewards of lurid crime stories, the media play a central role.",
"In his essay \"Reconstruction Work: Images of Postwar Black Settlement\", Hall explores questions of historical memory and visuality in relation to photography as a colonial technology.",
"According to Hall, understanding and writing about the history of black migration and settlement in Britain during the postwar era requires a careful and critical examination of the limited historical archive.",
"The perception of photographic images as more objective than other representations is dangerous.",
"In his view, one must critically examine who produced these images, what purpose they serve, and how they further their agenda.",
"In the context of postwar Britain, photographic images like those displayed in the Picture Post article \"Thirty Thousand Colour Problems\" construct black migration, blackness in Britain, as the problem.",
"They say that the problem of the problem is the core issue.",
"Hall's influence on the Labour Party could be related to the articles he wrote for Marxism Today that challenged the left's views of markets and political conservatism.",
"Under Neil Kinnock and Tony Blair, this discourse had a profound impact on the Labour Party.",
"In his career, Hall presented his philosophy of decoding in various publications and oral events.",
"He wrote \"Encoding and Decoding in the Television Discourse\" for the Council of Europe and \"Training in the Critical Readings of Television Language\" for the Centre for Mass Communication Research.",
"It was produced for students at the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies.",
"The paper was presented at a Symposium in Venice in 1974.",
"In 1980, Hall presented his model for decoding in Culture, Media, Language.",
"The time difference between Hall's first publication and his 1980 publication is highlighted by several critics.",
"Hall moved from the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies to the Open University.",
"Many of the terms that Hall set forth continue to be used in the field.",
"The 1973 text is seen as a turning point in Hall's research into structuralism and provides insight into some of the main theoretical developments he explored at the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies.",
"Hall builds on the work of Roland Barthes and Umberto Eco.",
"Longheld assumptions about how media messages are produced, circulating and consumed are challenged by the essay.",
"\"The object of production practices and structures in television is the production of a message: that is, a sign-vehicle or rather sign-vehicles of a specific kind organized, like any other form of communication or language, through the operation of codes, within the syntagmatic chains.\"",
"Before a message has an \"effect\", a \"use\" or a \"need\", it must be perceived as meaningful discourse and meaningfully de-coded.",
"The model of communication has four codes.",
"The first way of decoding is the dominant.",
"The code is hegemonic.",
"The decoding of this code is expected by the encoder.",
"It operates inside the dominant code when the viewer takes the connoted meaning full and straight.",
"The professional code is the second way of decoding.",
"The code is in tandem with it.",
"\"It serves to reproduce the dominant definitions precisely by grouping hegemonic quality, and operating with professional codings which relate to such questions as visual quality, news and presentational values, televisual quality, 'professionalism' etc.\"",
"The negotiated code is the third way of decoding.",
"It operates with exceptions to the rule and acknowledges the legitimacy of the hegemonic definitions to make the grand significations.",
"The globally contrary code is also known as the oppositional code.",
"It is possible for a viewer to understand both theliteral and connotative inflection given to an event, but to determine to decode the message in a globally contrary way.",
"\"Before this message can have an effect, or satisfy a need, or be put to use, it must first be perceived as a meaningful discourse and meaningfully de-coded.\"",
"The mass communications model was challenged by Hall.",
"He believes that meaning is not fixed or determined by the sender, that the message is never transparent, and that the audience is not a passive recipient of meaning.",
"A documentary film on asylum seekers that tries to give a sympathetic account of their plight doesn't guarantee that audiences will feel sympathetic.",
"The documentary must still communicate through a sign system that distorts the producers' intentions and evokes conflicting feelings in the audience despite being realistic and recounting facts.",
"Rather than being a failure of the producer or viewer, distortion is built into the system.",
"Between the moment of production of the message and the moment of reception, there is a lack of fit.",
"Hall suggests that media messages accrue common-sense status through their performative nature.",
"Through the repeated performance, staging or telling of the narrative of \"9/11\", a culturally specific interpretation becomes plausible and universal.",
"In his influential 1996 essay \"Cultural Identity and Diaspora\", Hall presents two different definitions of cultural identity.",
"\"Cultural identity is a sort of collective 'one true self' which many people with a shared history and ancestry hold in common.\"",
"Through the ebb and flow of historical change, cultural identity provides a stable, unchanging and continuous frame of reference and meaning.",
"It is possible to trace back the origins of descendants and reflect on the historical experiences of ancestors as a shared truth.",
"Blacks living in the diaspora don't need to uncover their African past to discover their cultural identity.",
"While Hall appreciates the benefits of the first view of cultural identity, he proposes a second definition that he thinks is superior.",
"Hall's second definition of cultural identity \"recognises that, as well as the many points of similarity, there are also critical points of deep and significant difference which constitute 'what we really are'; or rather, since history has intervened, 'what we have become'.\"",
"Cultural identity is not the same as it was in the past.",
"Cultural identities are subject to the continuous \"play\" of history, culture, and power.",
"Hall defines cultural identities as \"the names we give to the different ways we are positioned by and position ourselves within the narratives of the past.\"",
"The mixture of the African diaspora was shown in the view of cultural identity, but it was more challenging due to its dive into deep differences.",
"Hall cultural identity is not an essence but a positioning.",
"The African, European, and American are referred to as \"presences\" in Presences Hall.",
"He describes the three presences as \"Présence Africaine\", \"Présence Européenne\" and \"Présence Americaine\".",
"\"Présence Africaine\" is an \"unspeakable presence\" in Caribbean culture.",
"According to Hall, the African presence is hidden in plain sight in every aspect of Caribbean society and culture, including language, religion, the arts, and music.",
"Many black people living in the diaspora feel a sense of belonging in Africa.",
"There is no going back to Africa that existed before slavery because it has changed.",
"The legacy of colonialism, racism, power and exclusion is what Hall describes the European presence in Caribbean cultural identity as.",
"Even though many would like to be separated from the history of the oppressor, the European presence is not hidden.",
"The European presence has become an inextricable part of the Caribbean's identity.",
"The American presence is described as the \"ground, place, territory\" where people and cultures from around the world collide.",
"It is where the fateful/fatal encounter was staged between Africa and the West, and where the displacement of the natives occurred.",
"Hall advocated a \"conception of 'identity' which lives with and through, not despite, difference; by hybridity\".",
"According to Hall, black people living in diaspora are constantly reinventing themselves and their identities by mixing, hybridizing, and \"creolizing\" influences from Africa, Europe, and the rest of the world in their everyday lives and cultural practices.",
"There is no one-size-fits-all cultural identity for diasporic people, but rather a variety of different cultural identities that share both important similarities and important differences, all of which should be respected.",
"In \"Cultural Identity and Diaspora\", Hall sheds light on the topic of difference within black identity.",
"He acknowledges the oneness of the black diaspora and how this unity is at the core of blackness and the black experience.",
"This has a unifying effect on the diaspora, giving way to movements such as negritude and the pan-African political project.",
"Hall acknowledges the differences within the diaspora.",
"The difference was created by the destructive nature of the slave trade.",
"The true nature of the diaspora is what he describes as the difference.",
"\"How, then, to describe this play of 'difference' within identity?\" was the question posed by Hall.",
"The answer is 'differance'.",
"The use of the 'a' in the word unsettles us from our initial and common interpretation of it.",
"The separation between spatial and temporal difference is conveyed by this modification of the word difference.",
"The Stuart Hall Library was founded in 2007, and is named after Stuart Hall, who was the chair of the board of Iniva for many years.",
"A week-long celebration of Stuart Hall's achievements was held at the University of London's Goldsmiths College, where on November 28, the new Academic Building was renamed in his honor, as the Professor Stuart Hall building.",
"The Stuart Hall Foundation was established in December of last year.",
"The Foundation is committed to public education, addressing urgent questions of race and inequality in culture and society through talks and events, and building a growing network of Stuart Hall Foundation scholars and artists in residence.",
"Hall's private library was sold by Housmans bookshop.",
"Catherine Hall donated 3000 books to Housmans.",
"Film Hall presented a seven-part television series called Redemption Song, which examined the elements that make up the Caribbean and looked at the turbulent history of the islands.",
"\"Shades of Freedom\" was the first episode, followed by \" Following Fidel\" and \"Worlds Apart\".",
"Representation and the media were published in 1997.",
"The origin of cultural studies.",
"The film was based on an interview between Maya Jaggi and Stuart Hall.",
"John Akomfrah directed two films about Hall, The Unfinished Conversation and The Stuart Hall Project.",
"The first film was shown at Tate Britain in October and the second in March.",
"The Stuart Hall Project was composed of clips from more than 100 hours of archival footage of Hall, woven together over the music of jazz artist Miles Davis, who was an inspiration to both Hall and Akomfrah.",
"The film's structure is made up of many strands.",
"There is a chronological grounding in historical events, such as the Suez Crisis, the Vietnam War, and the Hungarian Uprising of 1956, along with reflections by Hall on his experiences as an immigrant from the Caribbean to Britain.",
"The murder of a Black British man and the race riots that followed showed the presence of a black community within England.",
"Hall states that the Caribbean is the home of hybridity when discussing the idea of hybridity.",
"The viewer will get more insight into Hall and his philosophy through the interviews and voiceovers that are offered in the film.",
"There are no traditional archives of those Caribbean peoples who were molded by the Middle Passage experience, so embedded in the film are Hall's personal achievements.",
"The film focuses on the Windrush generation, those who migrated from the Caribbean to Britain after World War II.",
"Hall, a member of this generation, focused on the racial discrimination faced by the Windrush generation, contrasting the idealized perceptions among West Indian immigrants of Britain versus the harsher reality they encountered when arriving in the \"mother country\".",
"The film is about diasporic belonging.",
"At one point in the film, Hall says \"Britain is my home, but I am not English.\"",
"The film is described as a roller coaster ride through the upheavals, struggles and turning points that made the 20th century the century of campaigning, and of global political and cultural change.",
"An interview with Hall was conducted in August of 2012 by Professor Sut Jhally.",
"McRobbie wrote an article about Hall: Scott, David.",
"Intimations of an Ethics of Receptive Generosity was written by Stuart Hall.",
"Duke University Press.",
"The 1960s-1970s Hall, Stuart is incomplete.",
"Politics and the media are related.",
"The Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies is in the city.",
"Stuart Hall.",
"\"Life and Death of Picture Post\" was published in the Cambridge Review.",
"92, no.",
"2201.",
"P. Walton; Stuart Hall.",
"Evaluations and departures are part of Situating Marx.",
"There are books about human context.",
"Stuart Hall was born in 1972",
"The Social Eye of Picture Post is a paper.",
"2, pp.",
"71–120.",
"Stuart Hall was born in 1973.",
"Encoding and decoding are part of the television discourse.",
"The Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies is in the city.",
"Stuart Hall was born in 1973.",
"Marx wrote an introduction to the Grundrisse.",
"The Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies is in the city.",
"Stuart Hall was born in 1974.",
"Working Papers in Cultural Studies have \"Marx's Notes on Method: A 'Reading' of the '1857 Introduction'\".",
"6, pp.",
"132–171.",
"T. Jefferson wrote Resistance Through Rituals, Youth Subcultures in Post- War Britain.",
"London:HarperCollinsAcademic.",
"The Crisis: Mugging, the State and Law and Order was written by Stuart Hall.",
"London: Macmillan.",
"Macmillan Press is in London.",
"There is a paperback and a hardback.",
"Stuart Hall was born in 1980.",
"\"Decoding.\"",
"In: Hall, D. Hobson, A. Lowe, and P.",
"Culture, Media, Language: Working Papers in Cultural Studies was published in 1972–79.",
"Hutchinson, pp.",
"128–137.",
"Stuart Hall.",
"Race, Articulation and Societies are structured in dominance.",
"In: UNESCO.",
"Race and colonialism are theories of sociology.",
"UNESCO is in Paris.",
"pp.",
"335–350.",
"Stuart Hall.",
"There are notes on deconstructing the popular.",
"People's History and Socialist is a theory.",
"London: Routledge.",
"Stuart Hall and P. Scraton collaborated on a novel.",
"\"Law, Class and Control\".",
"In: M. Fitzgerald, G. McLennan and J. Pawson.",
"Crime and Society in London.",
"Stuart Hall.",
"Thatcherism and the crisis of the left are topics in The Hard Road to Renewal.",
"Verso Books is in London.",
"Stuart Hall.",
"\"Ethnicity: Identity and Difference\".",
"9–20 is the score of Radical America 23(4).",
"It is available online.",
"There are 1990s available online.",
"Stuart wrote about the 2000s 2010s Hall.",
"Cultural Studies 1983 is a theoretical history.",
"The ed.",
"There are External links on the Stuart Hall Foundation website.",
"Stuart Hall was interviewed by John O'Hara for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's Doubletake program.",
"The online edition of \"Context\" was re published.",
"10.",
"The article was published on 16 April 2008.",
"Don Mitchell.",
"Chapter 24 is about Stuart Hall.",
"Key Thinkers on Space and Place.",
"pp. Phil Hubbard, Rob Kitchin, and Gill Valentine.",
"The Marxist Media Theory was written by John Simkin.",
"Stuart Hall talks about globalization and power.",
"Stuart Hall is talking to Les Back.",
"There is a listing on the \"people\" section of Marxists.org.",
"\"Stuart Hall (1932–14)\" was written by Richard Paterson and Paul Gerhardt.",
"Alex Callinicos wrote \"Stuart Hall in perspective\".",
"\"Stuart Hall: An OU perspective\" was written by Jessica Evans.",
"The Stuart Hall Archive is located at the University of Birmingham.",
"Black British writers, feminists, British literary critics, British semioticians, British sociologists, and Jamaicans are all buried at Highgate Cemetery."
] | <mask> (3 February 1932 – 10 February 2014) was a Jamaican-born British Marxist sociologist, cultural theorist, and political activist. <mask>, along with Richard Hoggart and Raymond Williams, was one of the founding figures of the school of thought that is now known as British Cultural Studies or the Birmingham School of Cultural Studies. In the 1950s <mask> was a founder of the influential New Left Review. At Hoggart's invitation, he joined the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies at Birmingham University in 1964. <mask> took over from Hoggart as acting director of the centre in 1968, became its director in 1972, and remained there until 1979. While at the centre, <mask> is credited with playing a role in expanding the scope of cultural studies to deal with race and gender, and with helping to incorporate new ideas derived from the work of French theorists like Michel Foucault. <mask> left the centre in 1979 to become a professor of sociology at the Open University.He was President of the British Sociological Association from 1995 to 1997. He retired from the Open University in 1997 and was a professor emeritus. British newspaper The Observer called him "one of the country's leading cultural theorists". <mask> was also involved in the Black Arts Movement. Movie directors such as John Akomfrah and Isaac Julien also see him as one of their heroes. <mask> was married to <mask>, a feminist professor of modern British history at University College London, with whom he had two children. After his death, <mask> was described as "one of the most influential intellectuals of the last sixty years".Biography
<mask> was born on 3 February 1932 in Kingston, Jamaica, into a middle-class Jamaican family of African, English, Portuguese Jewish, and likely Indian descent. He attended Jamaica College, receiving an education modelled after the British school system. In an interview <mask> describes himself as a "bright, promising scholar" in these years and his formal education as "a very 'classical' education; very good but in very formal academic terms." With the help of sympathetic teachers, he expanded his education to include "T. S. Eliot, James Joyce, Freud, Marx, Lenin and some of the surrounding literature and modern poetry", as well as "Caribbean literature". <mask>'s later works reveal that growing up in the pigmentocracy of the colonial West Indies, where he was of darker skin than much of his family, had a profound effect on his views. In 1951 <mask> won a Rhodes Scholarship to Merton College at the University of Oxford, where he studied English and obtained a Master of Arts degree, becoming part of the Windrush generation, the first large-scale emigration of West Indians, as that community was then known. He originally intended to do graduate work on the medieval poem Piers Plowman, reading it through the lens of contemporary literary criticism, but was dissuaded by his language professor, J. R. R. Tolkien, who told him "in a pained tone that this was not the point of the exercise."He began a PhD on Henry James at Oxford but, galvanised particularly by the 1956 Soviet invasion of Hungary (which saw many thousands of members leave the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) and look for alternatives to previous orthodoxies) and the Suez Crisis, abandoned this in 1957 or 1958 to focus on his political work. In 1957, he joined the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) and it was on a CND march that he met his future wife. From 1958 to 1960, <mask> worked as a teacher in a London secondary modern school and in adult education, and in 1964 married <mask>, concluding around this time that he was unlikely to return permanently to the Caribbean. After working on the Universities and Left Review during his time at Oxford, <mask> joined E. P. Thompson, Raymond Williams and others to merge it with The New Reasoner, launching the New Left Review in 1960 with <mask> as the founding editor. In 1958, the same group, with Raphael Samuel, launched the Partisan Coffee House in Soho as a meeting place for left-wingers. <mask> left the board of the New Left Review in 1961 or 1962. <mask>'s academic career took off in 1964 after he co-wrote with Paddy Whannel of the British Film Institute "one of the first books to make the case for the serious study of film as entertainment", The Popular Arts.As a direct result, Richard Hoggart invited <mask> to join the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies at the University of Birmingham, initially as a research fellow at Hoggart's own expense. In 1968 <mask> became director of the centre. He wrote a number of influential articles in the years that followed, including Situating Marx: Evaluations and Departures (1972) and Encoding and Decoding in the Television Discourse (1973). He also contributed to the book Policing the Crisis (1978) and coedited the influential Resistance Through Rituals (1975). Shortly before Thatcher became Prime Minister in 1979, <mask> and Maggie Steed presented It Ain't Half Racist Mum, an Open Door programme made by the Campaign Against Racism in the Media (CARM) which tackled racial stereotypes and contemporary British attitudes to immigration. After his appointment as a professor of sociology at the Open University (OU) that year, <mask> published further influential books, including The Hard Road to Renewal (1988), Formations of Modernity (1992), Questions of Cultural Identity (1996) and Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices (1997). Through the 1970s and 1980s, <mask> was closely associated with the journal Marxism Today; in 1995, he was a founding editor of Soundings: A Journal of Politics and Culture.He spoke internationally on Cultural Studies, including a series of lectures in 1983 at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign that were recorded and would decades later form the basis of the 2016 book Cultural Studies 1983: A Theoretical History (edited by Jennifer Slack and Lawrence Grossberg). <mask> was the founding chair of Iniva (Institute of International Visual Arts) and the photography organization Autograph ABP (the Association of Black Photographers). <mask> retired from the Open University in 1997. He was elected fellow of the British Academy in 2005 and received the European Cultural Foundation's Princess Margriet Award in 2008. He died on 10 February 2014, from complications following kidney failure, a week after his 82nd birthday. By the time of his death, he was widely known as the "godfather of multiculturalism". His memoir, Familiar Stranger: A Life Between Two Islands (co-authored with Bill Schwarz), was posthumously published in 2017.He was buried on the eastern side of Highgate Cemetery. Ideas
<mask>'s work covers issues of hegemony and cultural studies, taking a post-Gramscian stance. He regards language-use as operating within a framework of power, institutions and politics/economics. This view presents people as producers and consumers of culture at the same time. (Hegemony, in Gramscian theory, refers to the socio-cultural production of "consent" and "coercion".) For <mask>, culture was not something to simply appreciate or study, but a "critical site of social action and intervention, where power relations are both established and potentially unsettled". <mask> became one of the main proponents of reception theory, and developed <mask>'s Theory of encoding and decoding.This approach to textual analysis focuses on the scope for negotiation and opposition on the part of the audience. This means that the audience does not simply passively accept a text—social control. Crime statistics, in <mask>'s view, are often manipulated for political and economic purposes. Moral panics (e.g. over mugging) could thereby be ignited in order to create public support for the need to "police the crisis". The media play a central role in the "social production of news" in order to reap the rewards of lurid crime stories. In his essay "Reconstruction Work: Images of Postwar Black Settlement", <mask> also interrogates questions of historical memory and visuality in relation to photography as a colonial technology.According to <mask>, understanding and writing about the history of black migration and settlement in Britain during the postwar era requires a careful and critical examination of the limited historical archive, and photographic evidence proves itself invaluable. However, photographic images are often perceived as more objective than other representations, which is dangerous. In his view, one must critically examine who produced these images, what purpose they serve, and how they further their agenda (e.g., what has been deliberately included and excluded in the frame). For example, in the context of postwar Britain, photographic images like those displayed in the Picture Post article "Thirty Thousand Colour Problems" construct black migration, blackness in Britain, as "the problem". They construct miscegenation as "the centre of the problem", as "the problem of the problem", as "the core issue". <mask>'s political influence extended to the Labour Party, perhaps related to the influential articles he wrote for the CPGB's theoretical journal Marxism Today (MT) that challenged the left's views of markets and general organisational and political conservatism. This discourse had a profound impact on the Labour Party under both Neil Kinnock and Tony Blair, although <mask> later decried New Labour as operating on "terrain defined by Thatcherism".Encoding and decoding model
<mask> presented his encoding and decoding philosophy in various publications and at several oral events across his career. The first was in "Encoding and Decoding in the Television Discourse" (1973), a paper he wrote for the Council of Europe Colloquy on "Training in the Critical Readings of Television Language" organised by the Council and the Centre for Mass Communication Research at the University of Leicester. It was produced for students at the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies, which Paddy Scannell explains: "largely accounts for the provisional feel of the text and its 'incompleteness'". In 1974 the paper was presented at a symposium on Broadcasters and the Audience in Venice. <mask> also presented his encoding and decoding model in "Encoding/Decoding" in Culture, Media, Language in 1980. The time difference between <mask>'s first publication on encoding and decoding in 1973 and his 1980 publication is highlighted by several critics. Of particular note is <mask>'s transition from the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies to the Open University.<mask> had a major influence on cultural studies, and many of the terms his texts set forth continue to be used in the field. His 1973 text is viewed as a turning point in <mask>'s research toward structuralism and provides insight into some of the main theoretical developments he explored at the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies. <mask> takes a semiotic approach and builds on the work of Roland Barthes and Umberto Eco. The essay takes up and challenges longheld assumptions about how media messages are produced, circulated and consumed, proposing a new theory of communication. "The 'object' of production practices and structures in television is the production of a message: that is, a sign-vehicle or rather sign-vehicles of a specific kind organized, like any other form of communication or language, through the operation of codes, within the syntagmatic chains of a discourse." According to <mask>, a message "must be perceived as meaningful discourse and meaningfully de-coded" before it has an "effect", a "use", or satisfies a "need". There are four codes of the encoding/decoding model of communication.The first way of encoding is the dominant (i.e. hegemonic) code. This is the code the encoder expects the decoder to recognize and decode. "When the viewer takes the connoted meaning ... full and straight ... and decodes the message in terms of the reference-code in which it has been coded, ... [it operates] inside the dominant code." The second way of encoding is the professional code. It operates in tandem with the dominant code. "It serves to reproduce the dominant definitions precisely by bracketing the hegemonic quality, and operating with professional codings which relate to such questions as visual quality, news and presentational values, televisual quality, 'professionalism' etc."The third way of encoding is the negotiated code. "It acknowledges the legitimacy of the hegemonic definitions to make the grand significations, while, at a more restricted, situational level, it makes its own ground-rules, it operates with 'exceptions' to the rule." The fourth way of encoding is the oppositional code, also known as the globally contrary code. "It is possible for a viewer perfectly to understand both the literal and connotative inflection given to an event, but to determine to decode the message in a globally contrary way." "Before this message can have an 'effect' (however defined), or satisfy a 'need' or be put to a 'use', it must first be perceived as a meaningful discourse and meaningfully de-coded." <mask> challenged all four components of the mass communications model. He argues that (i) meaning is not simply fixed or determined by the sender; (ii) the message is never transparent; and (iii) the audience is not a passive recipient of meaning.For example, a documentary film on asylum seekers that aims to provide a sympathetic account of their plight does not guarantee that audiences will feel sympathetic. Despite being realistic and recounting facts, the documentary must still communicate through a sign system (the aural-visual signs of TV) that simultaneously distorts the producers' intentions and evokes contradictory feelings in the audience. Distortion is built into the system, rather than being a "failure" of the producer or viewer. There is a "lack of fit", <mask> argues, "between the two sides in the communicative exchange"—that is, between the moment of the production of the message ("encoding") and the moment of its reception ("decoding"). In "Encoding/decoding", <mask> suggests media messages accrue common-sense status in part through their performative nature. Through the repeated performance, staging or telling of the narrative of "9/11" (as an example; there are others like it), a culturally specific interpretation becomes not only plausible and universal but elevated to "common sense". Views on cultural identity and the African diaspora
In his influential 1996 essay "Cultural Identity and Diaspora", <mask> presents two different definitions of cultural identity.In the first definition, cultural identity is "a sort of collective 'one true self' ... which many people with a shared history and ancestry hold in common." In this view, cultural identity provides a "stable, unchanging and continuous frame of reference and meaning" through the ebb and flow of historical change. This allows the tracing back the origins of descendants and reflecting on the historical experiences of ancestors as a shared truth. Therefore, blacks living in the diaspora need only "unearth" their African past to discover their true cultural identity. While <mask> appreciates the good effects this first view of cultural identity has had in the postcolonial world, he proposes a second definition of cultural identity that he views as superior. <mask>'s second definition of cultural identity "recognises that, as well as the many points of similarity, there are also critical points of deep and significant difference which constitute 'what we really are'; or rather – since history has intervened – 'what we have become'." In this view, cultural identity is not a fixed essence rooted in the past.Instead, cultural identities "undergo constant transformation" throughout history as they are "subject to the continuous 'play' of history, culture, and power". Thus <mask> defines cultural identities as "the names we give to the different ways we are positioned by, and position ourselves within, the narratives of the past." This view of cultural identity was more challenging than the previous due to its dive into deep differences, but nonetheless it showed the mixture of the African diaspora. In other words, for <mask> cultural identity is "not an essence but a positioning". Presences
<mask> describes Caribbean identity in terms of three distinct "presences": the African, the European, and the American. Taking the terms from Aimé Césaire and Léopold Senghor, he describes the three presences: "Présence Africaine", "Présence
Européenne", and "Présence Americaine". "Présence Africaine" is the "unspeakable 'presence' in Caribbean culture".According to <mask>, the African presence, though repressed by slavery and colonialism, is in fact hiding in plain sight in every aspect of Caribbean society and culture, including language, religion, the arts, and music. For many black people living in the diaspora, Africa becomes an "imagined community" to which they feel a sense of belonging. But, <mask> points out, there is no going back to the Africa that existed before slavery, because Africa too has changed. Secondly, <mask> describes the European presence in Caribbean cultural identity as the legacy of colonialism, racism, power and exclusion. Unlike the "Présence Africaine", the European presence is not unspoken even though many would like to be separated from the history of the oppressor. But <mask> argues that Caribbeans and diasporic peoples must acknowledge how the European presence has also become an inextricable part of their own identities. Lastly, <mask> describes the American presence as the "ground, place, territory" where people and cultures from around the world collided.It is, as <mask> puts it, "where the fateful/fatal encounter was staged between Africa and the West", and also where the displacement of the natives occurred. Diasporic identity
Because diasporic cultural identity in the Caribbean and throughout the world is a mixture of all these different presences, <mask> advocated a "conception of 'identity' which lives with and through, not despite, difference; by hybridity". According to <mask>, black people living in diaspora are constantly reinventing themselves and their identities by mixing, hybridizing, and "creolizing" influences from Africa, Europe, and the rest of the world in their everyday lives and cultural practices. Therefore, there is no one-size-fits-all cultural identity for diasporic people, but rather a multiplicity of different cultural identities that share both important similarities and important differences, all of which should be respected. Difference and differance
In "Cultural Identity and Diaspora", <mask> sheds light on the topic of difference within black identity. He first acknowledges the oneness in the black diaspora and how this unity is at the core of blackness and the black experience. He expresses how this has a unifying effect on the diaspora, giving way to movements such as negritude and the pan-African political project.<mask> also acknowledges the deep rooted "difference" within the diaspora as well. This difference was created by destructive nature of the transatlantic slave trade and the resulting generations of slavery. He describes this difference as what constitutes "what we really are", or the true nature of the diaspora. The duality of such an identity, that expresses deep unity but clear uniqueness and internal distinctness provokes a question out of <mask>: "How, then, to describe this play of 'difference' within identity?" <mask>'s answer is 'differance'. The use of the 'a' in the word unsettles us from our initial and common interpretation of it, and was originally introduced by Jacques Derrida. This modification of the word difference conveys the separation between spatial and temporal difference, and more adequately encapsulates the nuances of the diaspora.Legacy
The Stuart Hall Library, Iniva's reference library at Rivington Place in Shoreditch, London, founded in 2007, is named after <mask>, who was the chair of the board of Iniva for many years. In November 2014, a week-long celebration of <mask> Hall's achievements was held at the University of London's Goldsmiths College, where on 28 November the new Academic Building was renamed in his honour, as the Professor <mask> building (PSH). The establishment of the Stuart Hall Foundation in his memory and to continue his life's work was announced in December 2014. The Foundation is "committed to public education, addressing urgent questions of race and inequality in culture and society through talks and events, and building a growing network of Stuart Hall Foundation scholars and artists in residence." In May 2016, Housmans bookshop sold <mask>'s private library. 3,000 books were donated to Housmans by <mask>'s widow <mask>. <mask> was a presenter of a seven-part television series entitled Redemption Song — made by Barraclough Carey Productions, and transmitted on BBC2, between 30 June and 12 August 1991 — in which he examined the elements that make up the Caribbean, looking at the turbulent history of the islands and interviewing people who live there today.The series episodes were as follows:
"Shades of Freedom" (11/08/1991)
"Following Fidel" (04/08/1991)
"Worlds Apart" (28 July 1991)
"La Grande Illusion" (21 July 1991)
"Paradise Lost" (14 July 1991)
"Out of Africa" (7 July 1991)
"Iron in the Soul" (30 June 1991)
<mask>'s lectures have been turned into several videos distributed by the Media Education Foundation:
Race, the Floating Signifier (1997). Representation & the Media (1997). The Origins of Cultural Studies (2006). Mike Dibb produced a film based on a long interview between journalist Maya Jaggi and <mask> called Personally Speaking (2009). <mask> is the subject of two films directed by John Akomfrah, entitled The Unfinished Conversation (2012) and The Stuart Hall Project (2013). The first film was shown (26 October 2013 – 23 March 2014) at Tate Britain, Millbank, London, while the second is now available on DVD. The Stuart Hall Project was composed of clips drawn from more than 100 hours of archival footage of <mask>, woven together over the music of jazz artist Miles Davis, who was an inspiration to both <mask> and Akomfrah.The film's structure is composed of multiple strands. There is a chronological grounding in historical events, such as the Suez Crisis, the Vietnam War, and the Hungarian Uprising of 1956, along with reflections by <mask> on his experiences as an immigrant from the Caribbean to Britain. Another historical event vital to the film was the 1958 Notting Hill race riots occasioned by the murder of a Black British man; these protests showed the presence of a black community within England. When discussing the Caribbean, <mask> discusses the idea of hybridity and he states that the Caribbean is the home of hybridity. There are also voiceovers and interviews offered without a specific temporal grounding in the film that nonetheless give the viewer greater insights into <mask> and his philosophy. Along with the voiceovers and interviews, embedded in the film are also <mask>'s personal achievements; this is extremely rare, as there are no traditional archives of those Caribbean peoples moulded by the Middle Passage experience. The film can be viewed as a more pointedly focused take on the Windrush generation, those who migrated from the Caribbean to Britain in the years immediately following the World War II.<mask>, himself a member of this generation, focused on the racial discrimination faced by the Windrush generation, contrasting the idealized perceptions among West Indian immigrants of Britain versus the harsher reality they encountered when arriving in the "mother country". A central theme in the film is diasporic belonging. <mask> confronted his own identity within both British and Caribbean communities, and at one point in the film he remarks: "Britain is my home, but I am not English." IMDb summarises the film as "a roller coaster ride through the upheavals, struggles and turning points that made the 20th century the century of campaigning, and of global political and cultural change." In August 2012, Professor Sut Jhally conducted an interview with <mask> that touched on a number of themes and issues in cultural studies. Book
McRobbie has also written an article in tribute to <mask>:
Scott, David (2017). <mask>'s Voice: Intimations of an Ethics of Receptive Generosity.Duke University Press. Publications (incomplete)
1960s
1970s
<mask>, <mask> (1971). Deviancy, Politics and the Media. Birmingham: Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies. <mask>, <mask> (1971). "Life and Death of Picture Post", Cambridge Review, vol. 92, no.2201. <mask>, <mask>; P. Walton (1972). Situating Marx: Evaluations and Departures. London: Human Context Books. <mask>, <mask> (1972). "The Social Eye of Picture Post", Working Papers in Cultural Studies, no. 2, pp.71–120. <mask>, <mask> (1973). Encoding and Decoding in the Television Discourse. Birmingham: Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies. <mask>, <mask> (1973). A ‘Reading’ of Marx's 1857 Introduction to the Grundrisse. Birmingham: Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies.<mask>, <mask> (1974). "Marx's Notes on Method: A ‘Reading’ of the ‘1857 Introduction’", Working Papers in Cultural Studies, no. 6, pp. 132–171. <mask>, <mask>; T. Jefferson (1976), Resistance Through Rituals, Youth Subcultures in Post-War Britain. London: HarperCollinsAcademic. <mask>, <mask>; C. Critcher; T. Jefferson; J. Clarke; B. Roberts (1978), Policing the Crisis: Mugging, the State and Law and Order.London: Macmillan. London: Macmillan Press. (paperback); (hardback). 1980s
<mask>, <mask> (1980). "Encoding / Decoding." In: <mask>, D. Hobson, A. Lowe, and P. Willis (eds). Culture, Media, Language: Working Papers in Cultural Studies, 1972–79.London: Hutchinson, pp. 128–138. <mask>, <mask> (1980). "Race, Articulation and Societies Structured in Dominance." In: UNESCO (ed). Sociological Theories: Race and Colonialism. Paris: UNESCO.pp. 305–345. <mask>, <mask> (1981). "Notes on Deconstructing the Popular". In: People's History and Socialist Theory. London: Routledge. <mask>, <mask>; P. Scraton (1981)."Law, Class and Control". In: M. Fitzgerald, G. McLennan & J. Pawson (eds). Crime and Society, London: RKP. <mask>, <mask> (1988). The Hard Road to Renewal: Thatcherism and the Crisis of the Left. London: Verso Books. <mask>, <mask> (1989)."Ethnicity: Identity and Difference". Radical America 23 (4): 9–20. Available online. 1990s
Available online. 2000s
2010s
<mask>, <mask> (2016). Cultural Studies 1983: A Theoretical History. Slack, Jennifer and Lawrence Grossberg, eds.Duke University Press. .
See also
Articulation (sociology)
Musgrave Medal
Bill Schwarz
References
Footnotes
Bibliography
Further reading
External links
Stuart Hall Foundation website
Marcus Williamson, Obituary in The Independent, 11 February 2014. John O'Hara interview with <mask> for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's Doubletake program, originally broadcast 5 May 1983: The Narrative Construction of Reality – <mask>. Republished in centerforbookculture.org's "Context" online edition, No. 10. Retrieved 16 April 2008. Mitchell, Don. Chapter 24: <mask>.In: Key Thinkers on Space and Place. Phil Hubbard, Rob Kitchin, Gill Valentine (2004), pp. 160ff. .
Marxist Media Theory
John Simkin, <mask> biography, Spartacus Educational, September 1997 (updated August 2014). <mask> discussing globalization and power (2003, audio), darkmatter Journal. <mask> in conversation with Les Back (2010, audio), darkmatter Journal. Listing on the "people" section of Marxists.org
in conversation with Pnina Werbner, March 2006 (video)
"Professor <mask>", Desert Island Discs, BBC Radio 4, 18 February 2000. Richard Paterson, Paul Gerhardt, "<mask> (1932–2014)", BFI, 11 February 2014.Alex Callinicos, "<mask> in perspective", International Socialism, Issue 142, 2 April 2014. Jessica Evans (Department of Sociology), "<mask>: An OU perspective", The Open University, 14 February 2014. The Stuart Hall Archive is held at the Cadbury Research Library, Special Collections, University of Birmingham. 1932 births
2014 deaths
Burials at Highgate Cemetery
Academics of the Open University
Academics of the University of Birmingham
Alumni of Merton College, Oxford
Black British writers
British feminists
British literary critics
British semioticians
British sociologists
Colony of Jamaica people
Fellows of the British Academy
Jamaican emigrants to the United Kingdom
Jamaican people of Indian descent
Jamaican people of Jewish descent
Jamaican people of Scottish descent
Jamaican Rhodes Scholars
People from Kingston, Jamaica
Presidents of the British Sociological Association | [
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] | <mask> was a Jamaican born British Marxist sociologist. One of the founding figures of the school of thought was <mask>. <mask> was a founder of the New Left Review. He joined the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies in 1964. <mask> was acting director of the centre in 1968, became its director in 1972 and remained there until 1979. <mask> is credited with helping to expand the scope of cultural studies to deal with race and gender, and with helping to incorporate new ideas from the work of French theorists like Foucault. In 1979 <mask> left the centre to become a professor at the Open University.He was the President of the British Sociological Association from 1995 to 1997. He retired from the Open University in 1997. He was called one of the country's leading cultural theorists by The Observer. <mask> was a member of the Black Arts movement. Movie directors see him as one of their heroes. <mask> had two children with <mask>, a feminist professor of modern British history at University College London. <mask> was described as one of the most influential intellectuals of the last sixty years.<mask> was born on February 3, 1932 in Kingston, Jamaica, into a middle-class Jamaican family of African, English, Portuguese Jewish, and possibly Indian descent. He received an education similar to the British school system at Jamaica College. In an interview <mask> describes himself as a bright, promising scholar in these years and his formal education as "a very 'classical' education; very good but in very formal academic terms." With the help of sympathetic teachers, he expanded his education to include "T. S. Eliot, James Joyce, Freud, Marx, and some of the surrounding literature and modern poetry", as well as "Caribbean literature". Growing up in the West Indies, where he was of darker skin than most of his family, had a profound effect on <mask>'s views. <mask> became part of the Windrush generation, the first large-scale emigration of West Indians, when he obtained a Master of Arts degree from the University of Oxford after winning a Rhodes Scholarship in 1951. He wanted to do graduate work on the medieval poem Piers Plowman, but his language professor told him it wasn't the point.He began a PhD on Henry James at Oxford, but abandoned it in 1957 or 1958 because he was galvanised by the Soviet invasion of Hungary and the Suez Crisis. He met his wife on a CND march after joining the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. <mask> worked as a teacher in a London secondary modern school and in adult education from 1958 to 1960 and married <mask> in 1964, but he was unlikely to return to the Caribbean permanently. The New Left Review was launched in 1960 with <mask> as the founding editor. The Partisan Coffee House in Soho was launched in 1959 as a meeting place for left-wingers. In 1961, or 1962, <mask> left the board of the New Left Review. One of the first books to make the case for the serious study of film as entertainment was co-authored by <mask> and Whannel.<mask> was invited to join the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies at the University of Birmingham, initially as a research fellow, because of a direct result. <mask> became the centre's director in 1968. He wrote several influential articles in the years that followed, including Situating Marx: Evaluations and Departures and Encoding and Decoding in the Television Discourse. The influential Resistance Through Rituals was coedited by him. It Ain't Half Racist Mum, an Open Door programme made by the Campaign Against Racism in the Media, tackled racial stereotypes and contemporary British attitudes to immigration before Thatcher became Prime Minister. The Hard Road to Renewal, Formations of Modernity, Questions of Cultural Identity, and Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices were all published by <mask> after he became a professor at the Open University. <mask> was a founding editor of Soundings: A Journal of Politics and Culture in 1995.The basis of the 2016 book Cultural Studies 1983: A Theoretical History is a series of lectures he gave in 1983 at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. <mask> was the founding chair of Iniva and the Association of Black Photographers. In 1997 <mask> retired from the Open University. He received the European Cultural Foundation's Princess Margriet Award in 2008. He died on February 10, a week after his birthday. He was known as the "godfather of multiculturalism" by the time he died. His memoir, Familiar Stranger: A Life Between Two Islands, was published posthumously.He was buried on the eastern side of the cemetery. Taking a post-Gramscian stance, ideas hall's work covers issues of hegemony and cultural studies. He considers language use to be within a framework of power, institutions and politics. People are presented as producers and consumers of culture at the same time. Gramscian theory refers to the socio-cultural production of consent and coercion. The "critical site of social action and intervention, where power relations are both established and potentially unstable" was what culture was for <mask>. <mask> was one of the main proponents of Theory theory.The scope for negotiation and opposition on the part of the audience is the focus of this approach. The audience does not simply accept a text. <mask> believes that crime statistics are often manipulated for political and economic reasons. Moral panics. Public support for the need to "police the crisis" could be created by this. In order to get the rewards of lurid crime stories, the media play a central role. In his essay "Reconstruction Work: Images of Postwar Black Settlement", <mask> explores questions of historical memory and visuality in relation to photography as a colonial technology.According to <mask>, understanding and writing about the history of black migration and settlement in Britain during the postwar era requires a careful and critical examination of the limited historical archive. The perception of photographic images as more objective than other representations is dangerous. In his view, one must critically examine who produced these images, what purpose they serve, and how they further their agenda. In the context of postwar Britain, photographic images like those displayed in the Picture Post article "Thirty Thousand Colour Problems" construct black migration, blackness in Britain, as the problem. They say that the problem of the problem is the core issue. <mask>'s influence on the Labour Party could be related to the articles he wrote for Marxism Today that challenged the left's views of markets and political conservatism. Under Neil Kinnock and Tony Blair, this discourse had a profound impact on the Labour Party.In his career, <mask> presented his philosophy of decoding in various publications and oral events. He wrote "Encoding and Decoding in the Television Discourse" for the Council of Europe and "Training in the Critical Readings of Television Language" for the Centre for Mass Communication Research. It was produced for students at the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies. The paper was presented at a Symposium in Venice in 1974. In 1980, <mask> presented his model for decoding in Culture, Media, Language. The time difference between <mask>'s first publication and his 1980 publication is highlighted by several critics. <mask> moved from the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies to the Open University.Many of the terms that <mask> set forth continue to be used in the field. The 1973 text is seen as a turning point in <mask>'s research into structuralism and provides insight into some of the main theoretical developments he explored at the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies. <mask> builds on the work of Roland Barthes and Umberto Eco. Longheld assumptions about how media messages are produced, circulating and consumed are challenged by the essay. "The object of production practices and structures in television is the production of a message: that is, a sign-vehicle or rather sign-vehicles of a specific kind organized, like any other form of communication or language, through the operation of codes, within the syntagmatic chains." Before a message has an "effect", a "use" or a "need", it must be perceived as meaningful discourse and meaningfully de-coded. The model of communication has four codes.The first way of decoding is the dominant. The code is hegemonic. The decoding of this code is expected by the encoder. It operates inside the dominant code when the viewer takes the connoted meaning full and straight. The professional code is the second way of decoding. The code is in tandem with it. "It serves to reproduce the dominant definitions precisely by grouping hegemonic quality, and operating with professional codings which relate to such questions as visual quality, news and presentational values, televisual quality, 'professionalism' etc."The negotiated code is the third way of decoding. It operates with exceptions to the rule and acknowledges the legitimacy of the hegemonic definitions to make the grand significations. The globally contrary code is also known as the oppositional code. It is possible for a viewer to understand both theliteral and connotative inflection given to an event, but to determine to decode the message in a globally contrary way. "Before this message can have an effect, or satisfy a need, or be put to use, it must first be perceived as a meaningful discourse and meaningfully de-coded." The mass communications model was challenged by <mask>. He believes that meaning is not fixed or determined by the sender, that the message is never transparent, and that the audience is not a passive recipient of meaning.A documentary film on asylum seekers that tries to give a sympathetic account of their plight doesn't guarantee that audiences will feel sympathetic. The documentary must still communicate through a sign system that distorts the producers' intentions and evokes conflicting feelings in the audience despite being realistic and recounting facts. Rather than being a failure of the producer or viewer, distortion is built into the system. Between the moment of production of the message and the moment of reception, there is a lack of fit. <mask> suggests that media messages accrue common-sense status through their performative nature. Through the repeated performance, staging or telling of the narrative of "9/11", a culturally specific interpretation becomes plausible and universal. In his influential 1996 essay "Cultural Identity and Diaspora", <mask> presents two different definitions of cultural identity."Cultural identity is a sort of collective 'one true self' which many people with a shared history and ancestry hold in common." Through the ebb and flow of historical change, cultural identity provides a stable, unchanging and continuous frame of reference and meaning. It is possible to trace back the origins of descendants and reflect on the historical experiences of ancestors as a shared truth. Blacks living in the diaspora don't need to uncover their African past to discover their cultural identity. While <mask> appreciates the benefits of the first view of cultural identity, he proposes a second definition that he thinks is superior. <mask>'s second definition of cultural identity "recognises that, as well as the many points of similarity, there are also critical points of deep and significant difference which constitute 'what we really are'; or rather, since history has intervened, 'what we have become'." Cultural identity is not the same as it was in the past.Cultural identities are subject to the continuous "play" of history, culture, and power. <mask> defines cultural identities as "the names we give to the different ways we are positioned by and position ourselves within the narratives of the past." The mixture of the African diaspora was shown in the view of cultural identity, but it was more challenging due to its dive into deep differences. <mask> cultural identity is not an essence but a positioning. The African, European, and American are referred to as "presences" in Presences Hall. He describes the three presences as "Présence Africaine", "Présence Européenne" and "Présence Americaine". "Présence Africaine" is an "unspeakable presence" in Caribbean culture.According to <mask>, the African presence is hidden in plain sight in every aspect of Caribbean society and culture, including language, religion, the arts, and music. Many black people living in the diaspora feel a sense of belonging in Africa. There is no going back to Africa that existed before slavery because it has changed. The legacy of colonialism, racism, power and exclusion is what <mask> describes the European presence in Caribbean cultural identity as. Even though many would like to be separated from the history of the oppressor, the European presence is not hidden. The European presence has become an inextricable part of the Caribbean's identity. The American presence is described as the "ground, place, territory" where people and cultures from around the world collide.It is where the fateful/fatal encounter was staged between Africa and the West, and where the displacement of the natives occurred. <mask> advocated a "conception of 'identity' which lives with and through, not despite, difference; by hybridity". According to <mask>, black people living in diaspora are constantly reinventing themselves and their identities by mixing, hybridizing, and "creolizing" influences from Africa, Europe, and the rest of the world in their everyday lives and cultural practices. There is no one-size-fits-all cultural identity for diasporic people, but rather a variety of different cultural identities that share both important similarities and important differences, all of which should be respected. In "Cultural Identity and Diaspora", <mask> sheds light on the topic of difference within black identity. He acknowledges the oneness of the black diaspora and how this unity is at the core of blackness and the black experience. This has a unifying effect on the diaspora, giving way to movements such as negritude and the pan-African political project.<mask> acknowledges the differences within the diaspora. The difference was created by the destructive nature of the slave trade. The true nature of the diaspora is what he describes as the difference. "How, then, to describe this play of 'difference' within identity?" was the question posed by <mask>. The answer is 'differance'. The use of the 'a' in the word unsettles us from our initial and common interpretation of it. The separation between spatial and temporal difference is conveyed by this modification of the word difference.The Stuart Hall Library was founded in 2007, and is named after <mask>, who was the chair of the board of Iniva for many years. A week-long celebration of <mask>'s achievements was held at the University of London's Goldsmiths College, where on November 28, the new Academic Building was renamed in his honor, as the Professor <mask> building. The Stuart Hall Foundation was established in December of last year. The Foundation is committed to public education, addressing urgent questions of race and inequality in culture and society through talks and events, and building a growing network of Stuart Hall Foundation scholars and artists in residence. <mask>'s private library was sold by Housmans bookshop. <mask> donated 3000 books to Housmans. Film Hall presented a seven-part television series called Redemption Song, which examined the elements that make up the Caribbean and looked at the turbulent history of the islands."Shades of Freedom" was the first episode, followed by " Following Fidel" and "Worlds Apart". Representation and the media were published in 1997. The origin of cultural studies. The film was based on an interview between Maya Jaggi and <mask>. John Akomfrah directed two films about <mask>, The Unfinished Conversation and The Stuart Hall Project. The first film was shown at Tate Britain in October and the second in March. The Stuart Hall Project was composed of clips from more than 100 hours of archival footage of <mask>, woven together over the music of jazz artist Miles Davis, who was an inspiration to both <mask> and Akomfrah.The film's structure is made up of many strands. There is a chronological grounding in historical events, such as the Suez Crisis, the Vietnam War, and the Hungarian Uprising of 1956, along with reflections by <mask> on his experiences as an immigrant from the Caribbean to Britain. The murder of a Black British man and the race riots that followed showed the presence of a black community within England. <mask> states that the Caribbean is the home of hybridity when discussing the idea of hybridity. The viewer will get more insight into <mask> and his philosophy through the interviews and voiceovers that are offered in the film. There are no traditional archives of those Caribbean peoples who were molded by the Middle Passage experience, so embedded in the film are <mask>'s personal achievements. The film focuses on the Windrush generation, those who migrated from the Caribbean to Britain after World War II.<mask>, a member of this generation, focused on the racial discrimination faced by the Windrush generation, contrasting the idealized perceptions among West Indian immigrants of Britain versus the harsher reality they encountered when arriving in the "mother country". The film is about diasporic belonging. At one point in the film, <mask> says "Britain is my home, but I am not English." The film is described as a roller coaster ride through the upheavals, struggles and turning points that made the 20th century the century of campaigning, and of global political and cultural change. An interview with <mask> was conducted in August of 2012 by Professor Sut Jhally. McRobbie wrote an article about <mask>: Scott, David. Intimations of an Ethics of Receptive Generosity was written by <mask>.Duke University Press. The 1960s-1970s <mask>, <mask> is incomplete. Politics and the media are related. The Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies is in the city. Stuart Hall. "Life and Death of Picture Post" was published in the Cambridge Review. 92, no.2201. P. Walton; <mask>. Evaluations and departures are part of Situating Marx. There are books about human context. <mask> was born in 1972 The Social Eye of Picture Post is a paper. 2, pp.71–120. <mask> was born in 1973. Encoding and decoding are part of the television discourse. The Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies is in the city. <mask> was born in 1973. Marx wrote an introduction to the Grundrisse. The Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies is in the city.<mask> was born in 1974. Working Papers in Cultural Studies have "Marx's Notes on Method: A 'Reading' of the '1857 Introduction'". 6, pp. 132–171. T. Jefferson wrote Resistance Through Rituals, Youth Subcultures in Post- War Britain. London:HarperCollinsAcademic. The Crisis: Mugging, the State and Law and Order was written by <mask>.London: Macmillan. Macmillan Press is in London. There is a paperback and a hardback. <mask> was born in 1980. "Decoding." In: <mask>, D. Hobson, A. Lowe, and P. Culture, Media, Language: Working Papers in Cultural Studies was published in 1972–79.Hutchinson, pp. 128–137. <mask>. Race, Articulation and Societies are structured in dominance. In: UNESCO. Race and colonialism are theories of sociology. UNESCO is in Paris.pp. 335–350. <mask>. There are notes on deconstructing the popular. People's History and Socialist is a theory. London: Routledge. <mask> and P. Scraton collaborated on a novel."Law, Class and Control". In: M. Fitzgerald, G. McLennan and J. Pawson. Crime and Society in London. <mask>. Thatcherism and the crisis of the left are topics in The Hard Road to Renewal. Verso Books is in London. <mask>."Ethnicity: Identity and Difference". 9–20 is the score of Radical America 23(4). It is available online. There are 1990s available online. <mask> wrote about the 2000s 2010s Hall. Cultural Studies 1983 is a theoretical history. The ed.There are External links on the Stuart Hall Foundation website. <mask> was interviewed by John O'Hara for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's Doubletake program. The online edition of "Context" was re published. 10. The article was published on 16 April 2008. Don Mitchell. Chapter 24 is about <mask>.Key Thinkers on Space and Place. pp. Phil Hubbard, Rob Kitchin, and Gill Valentine. The Marxist Media Theory was written by John Simkin. <mask> talks about globalization and power. <mask> is talking to Les Back. There is a listing on the "people" section of Marxists.org. "<mask> (1932–14)" was written by Richard Paterson and Paul Gerhardt.Alex Callinicos wrote "<mask> in perspective". "<mask>: An OU perspective" was written by Jessica Evans. The Stuart Hall Archive is located at the University of Birmingham. Black British writers, feminists, British literary critics, British semioticians, British sociologists, and Jamaicans are all buried at Highgate Cemetery. | [
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699659 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dara%20%C3%93%20Briain | Dara Ó Briain | Dara Ó Briain ( , ; born 4 February 1972) is an Irish comedian and television presenter based in the United Kingdom. He is noted for performing stand-up comedy shows all over the world and for hosting topical panel shows such as Mock the Week, The Panel, and The Apprentice: You're Fired!. For his work on Mock the Week, he was nominated for the British Academy Television Award for Best Entertainment Performance in 2012.
Ó Briain's TV work also includes starring in and writing of television comedy and documentary series. He has also been a newspaper columnist, with pieces published in national papers in both Britain and Ireland.
He has written books for both adults and children. His first children's book Beyond the Sky was nominated for a Blue Peter Book of the Year Award in 2017.
In 2009, the Irish Independent described Ó Briain as "Terry Wogan's heir apparent as Britain's 'favourite Irishman'" and in 2010, Ó Briain was voted the-16th greatest stand-up comic on Channel 4's 100 Greatest Stand-Ups.
Early life
Ó Briain was born in 1972 in Bray, County Wicklow, and adopted into what he described as "a stable home" where he enjoyed a happy childhood with his "supportive" parents. He attended Coláiste Eoin secondary school, a Gaelcholáiste (Irish-speaking medium school) on Dublin's southside. He attended University College Dublin (UCD), where he studied mathematics and theoretical physics. In 2008, he remarked: "I haven't written it into my act, but it occasionally comes through. I could come on with a chalkboard and say: 'Now you're all going to pay attention.
While a student at UCD, he was both the auditor of the Literary and Historical Society (the university's oldest debating society) and the co-founder and co-editor of The University Observer college newspaper. In 1994, he won the Irish Times National Debating Championship and The Irish Times/Gael Linn National Irish language debating championship; he is a fluent Irish speaker, and speaks to his father only in that language.
He played both gaelic football and hurling for Bray Emmets and hurling for the Wicklow County minor team.
After university
After graduating in 1994, Ó Briain began working at RTÉ as a children's TV presenter. At this time, he also began performing his first stand-up gigs on the Irish comedy circuit. He admitted, "I did the trip from Dublin to Donegal to play to six people; then I turned round and drove home again. I did about three or four years playing to a lot of bad rooms, but learning as I went. It's not bad when someone gives you £40 for standing up and telling jokes. I remember thinking: 'This is the life.'" Ó Briain spent three years as a presenter on the bilingual (Irish and English) children's programme Echo Island but came to prominence as a team captain on the topical panel show Don't Feed The Gondolas (1998–2000) hosted by Seán Moncrieff. Ó Briain also hosted RTÉ family entertainment gameshow It's A Family Affair.
Stand-up comedy
Ó Briain's stand up international career took off around this time as he began to tour heavily, performing across Europe, Asia, Australia and North America, with gigs in Dubai, Paris, Adelaide, Shanghai and New York City. He was a regular at the Kilkenny Cat Laughs and the Edinburgh Festival, as well as making one notable appearance at the Just For Laughs festival in Montreal in 2002, where he was offered a prestigious gala show because of his performances at the Irish showcase. Around this time, Ó Briain presented the weekend game show It's a Family Affair on RTÉ Television. It was the first time he worked with former Channel 4 commissioning editor Séamus Cassidy. They later set up the production company Happy Endings Productions, and together they produced (and Ó Briain presented) the chat show Buried Alive (2003) and most famously in Ireland The Panel (2003–2006).
In 2005, Ó Briain's eighth show at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe was the biggest-selling solo comedy show of the festival.
In early 2006, Ó Briain conducted his third tour of the United Kingdom and Ireland. This included shows at the Theatre Royal, in London as well as nine nights in Dublin at Vicar Street. His second night in the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, in London was recorded for his first live DVD. His fourth multinational tour followed in late 2007, which as he says in his routine has "no title" but was almost entitled "You Had to Be There".
He performed new tours across the UK and Ireland in 2008, 2010, 2012, 2015 and 2018. His 2010 tour played for 150 dates, to over 225,000 people, including 37 nights in Vicar St. in Dublin, 9 nights at the Hammersmith Apollo in London and a first date in Dubai. Each of those three tours were recorded for DVD, and the 2012 tour, entitled 'Craic Dealer', was similarly recorded during his shows at the Edinburgh Playhouse in May 2012. "Craic Dealer" ran for over 150 shows, as did his 2015 tour "Crowd Tickler", this time with dates in Scandinavia, Northern Europe and Australia added to the tour. That tour was recorded for DVD, the last of his five DVDs.
On 12 March 2011, Ó Briain, Jack Whitehall and Jon Richardson set a new Guinness World Records title for hosting the 'highest stand-up comedy gig in the world', on a British Airways flight in support of Comic Relief.
In 2011, Ó Briain took part in two shows of the 16-date Uncaged Monkeys tour with Professor Brian Cox, Robin Ince, Ben Goldacre, Simon Singh and Chris Addison.
In Oct 2017 he started touring his show "Voice of Reason". As well as another 37 nights in Vicar St Theatre in Dublin (to bring his total there to 197 shows), "Voice of Reason" was performed more than 175 times, in 20 countries, including debut shows in Reykjavik, St Petersburg, Malta, Germany and New Zealand. It was recorded as a BBC special at the Hammersmith Apollo, for broadcast in 2019. He had originally planned to perform the show on debut tours to the US and Canada in 2020, but this was postponed after the first four US dates, in early March, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Canadian part of the tour resumed in August 2021.
In September 2021 he announced a new show, named "So... Where Were We?", with a tour starting in November 2021. Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, a portion of the tour in Ireland that was originally planned for January 2022 was pushed back to March through June 2022.
Panel shows
The Panel was hosted by Ó Briain. Three times nominated for the Best Entertainment show IFTA (Irish Film and Television Awards) the show has a rotating cast of panellists, usually drawn from the world of Irish comedy, discussing the events of the week and interviewing guests. The most regular panellists have been Colin Murphy, Ed Byrne, Neil Delamere, Andrew Maxwell and Mairéad Farrell.
Around 2002, with his profile rising in the UK due to his one-man shows at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe, Ó Briain began making appearances on UK television shows such as Bring Me the Head of Light Entertainment (a Channel 5 production) and Never Mind the Buzzcocks. In early 2003, he hosted the second series of BBC Scotland's Live Floor Show. His big break in UK television came in 2003, when he appeared as a guest panellist on news quiz, Have I Got News for You, subsequently making several appearances as guest host of the show.
In 2003, Ó Briain was nominated at the Chortle Comedy Awards for Live Comedy in the categories Best Compère and Best Headline Act (which he would go on to win). In 2004, he won the Best Headliner award again, as well as being nominated for Best Full-length Show.
Since 2005, he has been the host of the comedy panel show Mock the Week on BBC Two, a blend between Have I Got News for You and Whose Line Is It Anyway? The show reached its 200th episode during its 19th series in 2019.
He is a relatively frequent panellist on QI and wrote about Ireland in the QI series E annual, and appears occasionally on Just a Minute on BBC Radio 4.
He also holds the record for greatest number of appearances (7) on the BBC stand-up showcase Live at the Apollo.
Ó Briain has appeared several times in the BBC Radio science / comedy show The Infinite Monkey Cage which premiered on 30 November 2009 on Radio 4.
In 2010, Ó Briain replaced Adrian Chiles as the presenter of The Apprentice: You're Fired!. After five years, he quit following the 2014 series.
In 2016, Ó Briain hosted a panel show about video games called Dara O Briain's Go 8 Bit. Series 3 began in February 2018.
In 2019, Ó Briain appeared as a guest on Hypothetical.
Chat shows, television programmes and writing
Since 2006, Ó Briain has starred in the BBC's Three Men in a Boat series, with Griff Rhys Jones and Rory McGrath. The series has included the trio rowing the River Thames, as in the 1889 novel of the same name, sailing from London to the Isle of Wight for a sail boat race, borrowing numerous vessels to make their way from Plymouth to the Isles of Scilly. In 2009, the three took to the Irish canals and rivers on a trip from Dublin to Limerick. In 2010, they explored the Isles of Scotland. In 2011, two more series were made; one travelling from Monte Negro to Venice, the other travelling down the New England coast in the US to New York. In total seven series were made.
On 14 September 2005, Ó Briain appeared as a guest on Room 101, where he got rid of children's television presenters (following his work as a presenter on Echo Island) and once-in-a-lifetime experiences (he was given a once-in-a-lifetime experience on the show by being the second guest to pull the lever that opens the chute to Room 101 – the first had been former host Nick Hancock). He also got rid of banter, Gillian McKeith and magicians.
Ó Briain has also been an extensive newspaper columnist, with pieces published in many national papers in both the UK and Ireland, from The Sunday Times to The Daily Telegraph. On 9 August 2006, he hosted the first edition of his chat show Turn Back Time. which only ran for one series.
On 1 October 2009, Ó Briain released his first book entitled Tickling the English, about what he considers it means to be English. As part of its promotion, he has stated that he is enthusiastic about English culture and a student of English history, his favourite events being the Gin Craze and the civil war. In a review of Tickling the English Ó Briain was described as Sir Terry Wogan's heir apparent as Britain's "favourite Irishman".
Ó Briain has hosted the British Academy Video Games Awards 9 times between 2009 and 2019, including 2012, when highlights were also shown on Challenge.
In 2012 he hosted the Bafta Television awards, the same year he was nominated for a Best Entertainment Performance Award.
From 3 to 5 January 2011, Ó Briain and Brian Cox presented Stargazing Live on BBC Two, three programmes based at the Jodrell Bank Observatory, scheduled to coincide with the conjunction of Jupiter and Uranus, a partial solar eclipse, and the Quadrantid meteor shower. The two presenters hosted a second series of three-hour-long programmes, plus follow-up 30-minute shows called Stargazing Live: Back to Earth, from 16 to 18 January 2012. From 8 to 10 January 2013, they presented the third series, again accompanied by Back to Earth.
Stargazing Live has continued to run intermittently throughout the decade, including live coverage of the Partial solar eclipse over the Uk in 2015, Astronaut Tim Peake's journey to the ISS in 2016, and a 50th anniversary celebration of the Apollo missions in 2019.
Stargazing Live was nominated for a Bafta for Best Live Television Event in 2017.
From 16 April 2012, Ó Briain presented an eight-episode series of School of Hard Sums with co-host Marcus du Sautoy on Dave. Each episode was themed and Ó Briain along with a guest attempted to solve various conundrums posted by du Sautoy. Series 2 began on 1 May 2013. On 6 November 2012, Ó Briain began presenting a series called Dara Ó Briain's Science Club, in which he and other celebrities discuss science issues. The first edition of this programme features Ed Byrne talking about how closely related he is to the Neanderthals. Each episode in the series includes a short animated history that has been created by the UK animation and illustration agency 12Foot6.
In 2013, Ó Briain joined Jack Dee, Chelsee Healey, Greg James, Melanie C and Philips Idowu in Through Hell and High Water, a Comic Relief challenge which involved British celebrities canoeing the most difficult rapids of the Zambezi River. They raised over £1 million for the charity.
Dara and Ed's Great Big Adventure, a 2015 three-part fly-on-the-wall television series, followed Ó Briain and Ed Byrne on their journey by car down the Pan-American Highway.
In June 2015, Dara Ó Briain Meets Stephen Hawking, in which Ó Briain travels to Cambridge for a series of interviews with theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking, aired on BBC One.
From January to March 2016, Ó Briain presented Tomorrow's Food, a three-episode series alongside Angela Hartnett, Chris Bavin and Dr Shini Somara. The BBC One show looked at the technologies and produce in farms, supermarkets, kitchens and restaurants around the world.
Ó Briain presented the 2016 reboot of Robot Wars starting on 24 July, as well as the subsequent two series in 2017.
He hosted a revival of the classic quiz show Blockbusters, which began airing on Comedy Central on 21 March 2019 until 5 December 2019.
In June 2019, he was the host of The Family Brain Games. He co-hosted this with Dr. Hannah Critchlow, who was responsible for the psychological analysis and supported by Dr. Adam Hampshire. This programme was won by the Smith Family of Newmilns, Ayrshire.
Ó Briain will present C4's upcoming quiz show called One & Six Zeros.
Film work
Ó Briain had a cameo role as a generalised alternative comedian in the 2013 British film The Look of Love directed by Michael Winterbottom.
Personal life
Ó Briain married his wife Susan, a surgeon, in 2006; they live in West London with their three children, one daughter (born 2008) and two sons (born 2011 and 2015). He was best man at his best friend Ed Byrne's wedding in 2008 after Byrne had previously been Ó Briain's best man. He describes himself as looking like "one of Tony Soprano's henchmen, on a bad day", and said that in 2008, "living in London I probably only get recognised about once a day. And that's okay by me. I'm not a celebrity. And I certainly don't see myself as one".
Ó Briain is an atheist, but has said that he also sees himself as "ethnically Catholic": "I'm staunchly atheist, I simply don't believe in God, even if he believes in me. But I'm still Catholic, of course. Catholicism has a much broader reach than just the religion. I'm technically Catholic, it's the box you have to tick on the census form: 'Don't believe in God, but I do still hate Rangers.
His surname is the original Irish form of O'Brien. He said, "My dad was involved in the Irish language movement and changed it. Even Irish people are now confused by it".
Ó Briain is a fan of English football club Arsenal, and he is also a fan of Gaelic games. When his tweet congratulating London on knocking Sligo out of the 2013 Football Championship was read out on The Sunday Game, Ó Briain expressed amazement and vowed to try to have one read out every week. Ó Briain has also expressed an interest in Irish cricket, and has written about the subject for The Guardian newspaper.
Ó Briain was one of fifteen members of a racing greyhound syndicate for several years. The December 2009 transmission of Three Men Go to Ireland featured their dog Snip Nua who, by the time of transmission, had been put down following injuries sustained in a race. Ó Briain was so upset about the death that he and his fellow syndicate members immediately disbanded the syndicate permanently. In early 2010, a series of small demonstrations were held outside some of Ó Briain's tour venues, urging him to publicly denounce the sport of greyhound racing due to the dog's death.
In 2020, having known that he was adopted, he successfully sought out his birth family.
Stand-up DVDs
See also
Auditors of the Literary and Historical Society (University College Dublin)
References
External links
Dara Ó Briain on Chortle
1972 births
20th-century Irish comedians
21st-century Irish comedians
Living people
Alumni of University College Dublin
Auditors of the Literary and Historical Society (University College Dublin)
Bray Emmets Gaelic footballers
Bray Emmets hurlers
Echo Island presenters
Former Roman Catholics
Irish adoptees
Irish atheists
Irish expatriates in the United Kingdom
Irish former Christians
Irish game show hosts
Irish male comedians
Irish stand-up comedians
Irish television personalities
People from Bray, County Wicklow
The Panel (Irish TV series) presenters
People educated at Coláiste Eoin
Robot Wars (TV series) presenters
Television presenters from the Republic of Ireland
Wicklow Gaelic footballers
Wicklow hurlers | [
"Dara Ó Briain ( , ; born 4 February 1972) is an Irish comedian and television presenter based in the United Kingdom.",
"He is noted for performing stand-up comedy shows all over the world and for hosting topical panel shows such as Mock the Week, The Panel, and The Apprentice: You're Fired!.",
"For his work on Mock the Week, he was nominated for the British Academy Television Award for Best Entertainment Performance in 2012.",
"Ó Briain's TV work also includes starring in and writing of television comedy and documentary series.",
"He has also been a newspaper columnist, with pieces published in national papers in both Britain and Ireland.",
"He has written books for both adults and children.",
"His first children's book Beyond the Sky was nominated for a Blue Peter Book of the Year Award in 2017.",
"In 2009, the Irish Independent described Ó Briain as \"Terry Wogan's heir apparent as Britain's 'favourite Irishman'\" and in 2010, Ó Briain was voted the-16th greatest stand-up comic on Channel 4's 100 Greatest Stand-Ups.",
"Early life\nÓ Briain was born in 1972 in Bray, County Wicklow, and adopted into what he described as \"a stable home\" where he enjoyed a happy childhood with his \"supportive\" parents.",
"He attended Coláiste Eoin secondary school, a Gaelcholáiste (Irish-speaking medium school) on Dublin's southside.",
"He attended University College Dublin (UCD), where he studied mathematics and theoretical physics.",
"In 2008, he remarked: \"I haven't written it into my act, but it occasionally comes through.",
"I could come on with a chalkboard and say: 'Now you're all going to pay attention.",
"While a student at UCD, he was both the auditor of the Literary and Historical Society (the university's oldest debating society) and the co-founder and co-editor of The University Observer college newspaper.",
"In 1994, he won the Irish Times National Debating Championship and The Irish Times/Gael Linn National Irish language debating championship; he is a fluent Irish speaker, and speaks to his father only in that language.",
"He played both gaelic football and hurling for Bray Emmets and hurling for the Wicklow County minor team.",
"After university\nAfter graduating in 1994, Ó Briain began working at RTÉ as a children's TV presenter.",
"At this time, he also began performing his first stand-up gigs on the Irish comedy circuit.",
"He admitted, \"I did the trip from Dublin to Donegal to play to six people; then I turned round and drove home again.",
"I did about three or four years playing to a lot of bad rooms, but learning as I went.",
"It's not bad when someone gives you £40 for standing up and telling jokes.",
"I remember thinking: 'This is the life.'\"",
"Ó Briain spent three years as a presenter on the bilingual (Irish and English) children's programme Echo Island but came to prominence as a team captain on the topical panel show Don't Feed The Gondolas (1998–2000) hosted by Seán Moncrieff.",
"Ó Briain also hosted RTÉ family entertainment gameshow It's A Family Affair.",
"Stand-up comedy\nÓ Briain's stand up international career took off around this time as he began to tour heavily, performing across Europe, Asia, Australia and North America, with gigs in Dubai, Paris, Adelaide, Shanghai and New York City.",
"He was a regular at the Kilkenny Cat Laughs and the Edinburgh Festival, as well as making one notable appearance at the Just For Laughs festival in Montreal in 2002, where he was offered a prestigious gala show because of his performances at the Irish showcase.",
"Around this time, Ó Briain presented the weekend game show It's a Family Affair on RTÉ Television.",
"It was the first time he worked with former Channel 4 commissioning editor Séamus Cassidy.",
"They later set up the production company Happy Endings Productions, and together they produced (and Ó Briain presented) the chat show Buried Alive (2003) and most famously in Ireland The Panel (2003–2006).",
"In 2005, Ó Briain's eighth show at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe was the biggest-selling solo comedy show of the festival.",
"In early 2006, Ó Briain conducted his third tour of the United Kingdom and Ireland.",
"This included shows at the Theatre Royal, in London as well as nine nights in Dublin at Vicar Street.",
"His second night in the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, in London was recorded for his first live DVD.",
"His fourth multinational tour followed in late 2007, which as he says in his routine has \"no title\" but was almost entitled \"You Had to Be There\".",
"He performed new tours across the UK and Ireland in 2008, 2010, 2012, 2015 and 2018.",
"His 2010 tour played for 150 dates, to over 225,000 people, including 37 nights in Vicar St. in Dublin, 9 nights at the Hammersmith Apollo in London and a first date in Dubai.",
"Each of those three tours were recorded for DVD, and the 2012 tour, entitled 'Craic Dealer', was similarly recorded during his shows at the Edinburgh Playhouse in May 2012.",
"\"Craic Dealer\" ran for over 150 shows, as did his 2015 tour \"Crowd Tickler\", this time with dates in Scandinavia, Northern Europe and Australia added to the tour.",
"That tour was recorded for DVD, the last of his five DVDs.",
"On 12 March 2011, Ó Briain, Jack Whitehall and Jon Richardson set a new Guinness World Records title for hosting the 'highest stand-up comedy gig in the world', on a British Airways flight in support of Comic Relief.",
"In 2011, Ó Briain took part in two shows of the 16-date Uncaged Monkeys tour with Professor Brian Cox, Robin Ince, Ben Goldacre, Simon Singh and Chris Addison.",
"In Oct 2017 he started touring his show \"Voice of Reason\".",
"As well as another 37 nights in Vicar St Theatre in Dublin (to bring his total there to 197 shows), \"Voice of Reason\" was performed more than 175 times, in 20 countries, including debut shows in Reykjavik, St Petersburg, Malta, Germany and New Zealand.",
"It was recorded as a BBC special at the Hammersmith Apollo, for broadcast in 2019.",
"He had originally planned to perform the show on debut tours to the US and Canada in 2020, but this was postponed after the first four US dates, in early March, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.",
"The Canadian part of the tour resumed in August 2021.",
"In September 2021 he announced a new show, named \"So... Where Were We?",
"\", with a tour starting in November 2021.",
"Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, a portion of the tour in Ireland that was originally planned for January 2022 was pushed back to March through June 2022.",
"Panel shows\nThe Panel was hosted by Ó Briain.",
"Three times nominated for the Best Entertainment show IFTA (Irish Film and Television Awards) the show has a rotating cast of panellists, usually drawn from the world of Irish comedy, discussing the events of the week and interviewing guests.",
"The most regular panellists have been Colin Murphy, Ed Byrne, Neil Delamere, Andrew Maxwell and Mairéad Farrell.",
"Around 2002, with his profile rising in the UK due to his one-man shows at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe, Ó Briain began making appearances on UK television shows such as Bring Me the Head of Light Entertainment (a Channel 5 production) and Never Mind the Buzzcocks.",
"In early 2003, he hosted the second series of BBC Scotland's Live Floor Show.",
"His big break in UK television came in 2003, when he appeared as a guest panellist on news quiz, Have I Got News for You, subsequently making several appearances as guest host of the show.",
"In 2003, Ó Briain was nominated at the Chortle Comedy Awards for Live Comedy in the categories Best Compère and Best Headline Act (which he would go on to win).",
"In 2004, he won the Best Headliner award again, as well as being nominated for Best Full-length Show.",
"Since 2005, he has been the host of the comedy panel show Mock the Week on BBC Two, a blend between Have I Got News for You and Whose Line Is It Anyway?",
"The show reached its 200th episode during its 19th series in 2019.",
"He is a relatively frequent panellist on QI and wrote about Ireland in the QI series E annual, and appears occasionally on Just a Minute on BBC Radio 4.",
"He also holds the record for greatest number of appearances (7) on the BBC stand-up showcase Live at the Apollo.",
"Ó Briain has appeared several times in the BBC Radio science / comedy show The Infinite Monkey Cage which premiered on 30 November 2009 on Radio 4.",
"In 2010, Ó Briain replaced Adrian Chiles as the presenter of The Apprentice: You're Fired!.",
"After five years, he quit following the 2014 series.",
"In 2016, Ó Briain hosted a panel show about video games called Dara O Briain's Go 8 Bit.",
"Series 3 began in February 2018.",
"In 2019, Ó Briain appeared as a guest on Hypothetical.",
"Chat shows, television programmes and writing\nSince 2006, Ó Briain has starred in the BBC's Three Men in a Boat series, with Griff Rhys Jones and Rory McGrath.",
"The series has included the trio rowing the River Thames, as in the 1889 novel of the same name, sailing from London to the Isle of Wight for a sail boat race, borrowing numerous vessels to make their way from Plymouth to the Isles of Scilly.",
"In 2009, the three took to the Irish canals and rivers on a trip from Dublin to Limerick.",
"In 2010, they explored the Isles of Scotland.",
"In 2011, two more series were made; one travelling from Monte Negro to Venice, the other travelling down the New England coast in the US to New York.",
"In total seven series were made.",
"On 14 September 2005, Ó Briain appeared as a guest on Room 101, where he got rid of children's television presenters (following his work as a presenter on Echo Island) and once-in-a-lifetime experiences (he was given a once-in-a-lifetime experience on the show by being the second guest to pull the lever that opens the chute to Room 101 – the first had been former host Nick Hancock).",
"He also got rid of banter, Gillian McKeith and magicians.",
"Ó Briain has also been an extensive newspaper columnist, with pieces published in many national papers in both the UK and Ireland, from The Sunday Times to The Daily Telegraph.",
"On 9 August 2006, he hosted the first edition of his chat show Turn Back Time.",
"which only ran for one series.",
"On 1 October 2009, Ó Briain released his first book entitled Tickling the English, about what he considers it means to be English.",
"As part of its promotion, he has stated that he is enthusiastic about English culture and a student of English history, his favourite events being the Gin Craze and the civil war.",
"In a review of Tickling the English Ó Briain was described as Sir Terry Wogan's heir apparent as Britain's \"favourite Irishman\".",
"Ó Briain has hosted the British Academy Video Games Awards 9 times between 2009 and 2019, including 2012, when highlights were also shown on Challenge.",
"In 2012 he hosted the Bafta Television awards, the same year he was nominated for a Best Entertainment Performance Award.",
"From 3 to 5 January 2011, Ó Briain and Brian Cox presented Stargazing Live on BBC Two, three programmes based at the Jodrell Bank Observatory, scheduled to coincide with the conjunction of Jupiter and Uranus, a partial solar eclipse, and the Quadrantid meteor shower.",
"The two presenters hosted a second series of three-hour-long programmes, plus follow-up 30-minute shows called Stargazing Live: Back to Earth, from 16 to 18 January 2012.",
"From 8 to 10 January 2013, they presented the third series, again accompanied by Back to Earth.",
"Stargazing Live has continued to run intermittently throughout the decade, including live coverage of the Partial solar eclipse over the Uk in 2015, Astronaut Tim Peake's journey to the ISS in 2016, and a 50th anniversary celebration of the Apollo missions in 2019.",
"Stargazing Live was nominated for a Bafta for Best Live Television Event in 2017.",
"From 16 April 2012, Ó Briain presented an eight-episode series of School of Hard Sums with co-host Marcus du Sautoy on Dave.",
"Each episode was themed and Ó Briain along with a guest attempted to solve various conundrums posted by du Sautoy.",
"Series 2 began on 1 May 2013.",
"On 6 November 2012, Ó Briain began presenting a series called Dara Ó Briain's Science Club, in which he and other celebrities discuss science issues.",
"The first edition of this programme features Ed Byrne talking about how closely related he is to the Neanderthals.",
"Each episode in the series includes a short animated history that has been created by the UK animation and illustration agency 12Foot6.",
"In 2013, Ó Briain joined Jack Dee, Chelsee Healey, Greg James, Melanie C and Philips Idowu in Through Hell and High Water, a Comic Relief challenge which involved British celebrities canoeing the most difficult rapids of the Zambezi River.",
"They raised over £1 million for the charity.",
"Dara and Ed's Great Big Adventure, a 2015 three-part fly-on-the-wall television series, followed Ó Briain and Ed Byrne on their journey by car down the Pan-American Highway.",
"In June 2015, Dara Ó Briain Meets Stephen Hawking, in which Ó Briain travels to Cambridge for a series of interviews with theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking, aired on BBC One.",
"From January to March 2016, Ó Briain presented Tomorrow's Food, a three-episode series alongside Angela Hartnett, Chris Bavin and Dr Shini Somara.",
"The BBC One show looked at the technologies and produce in farms, supermarkets, kitchens and restaurants around the world.",
"Ó Briain presented the 2016 reboot of Robot Wars starting on 24 July, as well as the subsequent two series in 2017.",
"He hosted a revival of the classic quiz show Blockbusters, which began airing on Comedy Central on 21 March 2019 until 5 December 2019.",
"In June 2019, he was the host of The Family Brain Games.",
"He co-hosted this with Dr. Hannah Critchlow, who was responsible for the psychological analysis and supported by Dr. Adam Hampshire.",
"This programme was won by the Smith Family of Newmilns, Ayrshire.",
"Ó Briain will present C4's upcoming quiz show called One & Six Zeros.",
"Film work\nÓ Briain had a cameo role as a generalised alternative comedian in the 2013 British film The Look of Love directed by Michael Winterbottom.",
"Personal life\nÓ Briain married his wife Susan, a surgeon, in 2006; they live in West London with their three children, one daughter (born 2008) and two sons (born 2011 and 2015).",
"He was best man at his best friend Ed Byrne's wedding in 2008 after Byrne had previously been Ó Briain's best man.",
"He describes himself as looking like \"one of Tony Soprano's henchmen, on a bad day\", and said that in 2008, \"living in London I probably only get recognised about once a day.",
"And that's okay by me.",
"I'm not a celebrity.",
"And I certainly don't see myself as one\".",
"Ó Briain is an atheist, but has said that he also sees himself as \"ethnically Catholic\": \"I'm staunchly atheist, I simply don't believe in God, even if he believes in me.",
"But I'm still Catholic, of course.",
"Catholicism has a much broader reach than just the religion.",
"I'm technically Catholic, it's the box you have to tick on the census form: 'Don't believe in God, but I do still hate Rangers.",
"His surname is the original Irish form of O'Brien.",
"He said, \"My dad was involved in the Irish language movement and changed it.",
"Even Irish people are now confused by it\".",
"Ó Briain is a fan of English football club Arsenal, and he is also a fan of Gaelic games.",
"When his tweet congratulating London on knocking Sligo out of the 2013 Football Championship was read out on The Sunday Game, Ó Briain expressed amazement and vowed to try to have one read out every week.",
"Ó Briain has also expressed an interest in Irish cricket, and has written about the subject for The Guardian newspaper.",
"Ó Briain was one of fifteen members of a racing greyhound syndicate for several years.",
"The December 2009 transmission of Three Men Go to Ireland featured their dog Snip Nua who, by the time of transmission, had been put down following injuries sustained in a race.",
"Ó Briain was so upset about the death that he and his fellow syndicate members immediately disbanded the syndicate permanently.",
"In early 2010, a series of small demonstrations were held outside some of Ó Briain's tour venues, urging him to publicly denounce the sport of greyhound racing due to the dog's death.",
"In 2020, having known that he was adopted, he successfully sought out his birth family.",
"Stand-up DVDs\n\nSee also\n Auditors of the Literary and Historical Society (University College Dublin)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n \n \n \n Dara Ó Briain on Chortle\n\n1972 births\n20th-century Irish comedians\n21st-century Irish comedians\nLiving people\nAlumni of University College Dublin\nAuditors of the Literary and Historical Society (University College Dublin)\nBray Emmets Gaelic footballers\nBray Emmets hurlers\nEcho Island presenters\nFormer Roman Catholics\nIrish adoptees\nIrish atheists\nIrish expatriates in the United Kingdom\nIrish former Christians\nIrish game show hosts\nIrish male comedians\nIrish stand-up comedians\nIrish television personalities\nPeople from Bray, County Wicklow\nThe Panel (Irish TV series) presenters\nPeople educated at Coláiste Eoin\nRobot Wars (TV series) presenters\nTelevision presenters from the Republic of Ireland\nWicklow Gaelic footballers\nWicklow hurlers"
] | [
"The Irish comedian and television host is based in the United Kingdom.",
"He is known for performing stand-up comedy shows all over the world and for hosting panel shows such as The Panel and The Apprentice: You're Fired!",
"He was nominated for a British Academy Television Award for Best Entertainment Performance for his work on Mock the Week.",
"Briain's TV work includes writing and starring in comedy and documentary series.",
"He has written for newspapers in both Britain and Ireland.",
"He has written books for both adults and children.",
"Beyond the Sky was nominated for a Blue Peter Book of the Year Award.",
"In 2009, the Irish Independent described Briain as \"Terry Wogan's heir apparent as Britain's 'favourite Irishman'\" and in 2010, he was voted the 16th greatest stand-up comic on Channel 4's 100 Greatest Stand-Ups.",
"Briain was born in 1972 in Bray, County Wicklow, and was adopted into a home where he enjoyed a happy childhood.",
"He attended a medium school on Dublin's southside.",
"He studied mathematics and theoretical physics at University College Dublin.",
"\"I haven't written it into my act, but it occasionally comes through,\" he said in 2008.",
"I could say \"Now you're all going to pay attention\" on the chalkboard.",
"He was an auditor of the Literary and Historical Society and co-editor of The University Observer college newspaper while he was a student at UCD.",
"He won the Irish Times National Debating Championship in 1994 and is a fluent Irish speaker.",
"He played for Bray Emmets and Wicklow County.",
"Briain began working as a children's TV host after graduating from university.",
"He performed his first stand-up gig on the Irish comedy circuit at this time.",
"He said that he traveled from Dublin to Donegal to play for six people.",
"I learned a lot while playing to a lot of bad rooms.",
"When someone gives you money for standing up and telling jokes, it's not bad.",
"I remember thinking, \"This is the life.\"",
"Briain was a team captain on the panel show Don't Feed The Gondolas which was hosted by Sen Moncrieff.",
"It's A Family Affair was hosted by Briain.",
"Briain's stand up international career began to take off around this time as he began to tour heavily, performing across Europe, Asia, Australia and North America.",
"He was a regular at the Kilkenny Cat Laughs and the Edinburgh Festival, as well as making one notable appearance at the Just For Laughs festival in Montreal in 2002, where he was offered a prestigious gala show because of his performances at the Irish showcase.",
"The weekend game show It's a Family Affair was presented by Briain.",
"He worked with Séamus Cassidy for the first time.",
"Happy Endings production company was set up by them and they produced the chat show Buried Alive and Ireland The Panel.",
"Briain's eighth show at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe was the biggest-selling solo comedy show of the festival.",
"The third tour of the United Kingdom and Ireland was conducted by Briain.",
"This included shows at the Theatre Royal in London as well as nine nights in Dublin.",
"His first live DVD was recorded at the Theatre Royal in London.",
"His fourth tour was almost entitled \"You Had to be There\", as he says in his routine.",
"He did new tours in the UK and Ireland.",
"His tour played for over 225,000 people and included 37 nights in Dublin.",
"The 2012 tour, entitled 'Craic Dealer', was also recorded during his shows at the Edinburgh Playhouse.",
"His 2015 tour \"Crowd Tickler\" ran for over 150 shows, with dates in Northern Europe and Australia added to the tour.",
"The tour was recorded for a DVD.",
"Briain, Jack Whitehall and Jon Richardson set a new Guinness World Records title for hosting the highest stand-up comedy gig in the world on a British Airways flight in support of Comic Relief.",
"Briain took part in two shows of the Uncaged Monkeys tour in 2011.",
"He began touring his show \"Voice of Reason\" in October of last year.",
"\"Voice of Reason\" was performed in 20 countries, including debut shows in Germany and New Zealand, as well as another 37 nights in the Vicar St Theatre in Dublin.",
"It was recorded for broadcast in 2019.",
"He had originally planned to perform the show on debut tours to the US and Canada in 2020, but this was postponed after the first four US dates.",
"August 2021. is when the Canadian part of the tour resumed.",
"He announced a new show in September of 2021.",
"A tour starts in November 2021.",
"A portion of the tour in Ireland was pushed back to March through June 2022.",
"Briain hosted The Panel.",
"Three times nominated for the Best Entertainment show IFTA, the show has a rotating cast of panellists, usually drawn from the world of Irish comedy, discussing the events of the week and interviewing guests.",
"Colin Murphy, Neil Delamere, Andrew Maxwell, and Mairéad Farrell are some of the regular panellists.",
"Briain began making appearances on UK television shows such as Bring Me the Head of Light Entertainment and Never Mind the Buzzcocks around 2002, when his profile rose in the UK due to his one-man shows at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe.",
"The second series of the Live Floor Show was hosted by him.",
"He made several appearances as guest host of the show after appearing as a panellist on Have I Got News for You.",
"The Chortle Comedy Awards for Live Comedy nominated Briain in the categories of Best Compre and Best Headline Act, which he won.",
"He was nominated for the Best Full-length Show in 2004.",
"Since 2005, he has hosted a comedy panel show on the same day as Have I Got News for You and Whose Line Is It Anyway?",
"The show had its 200th episode in 2019.",
"He is a frequent panelist on QI and has written about Ireland in the QI series E annual.",
"He holds the record for the most appearances on Live at the Apollo.",
"Briain appeared in The Infinite Monkey Cage on Radio 4 on November 30, 2009.",
"Briain was the new host of The Apprentice: You're Fired!",
"He quit after five years.",
"Briain hosted a panel show about video games.",
"Series 3 began in February.",
"Briain was a guest on Hypothetical in 2019.",
"Briain has starred in the three men in a boat series.",
"In the 1889 novel of the same name, the trio rowed the River Thames from London to the Isle of Wight in order to take part in a sail boat race.",
"The three took a trip to the Irish canals and rivers in 2009.",
"They went to the Isles of Scotland in 2010.",
"Two more series were made in 2011; one travelling from Monte Negro to Venice and the other going down the New England coast to New York.",
"Seven series were made.",
"Briain appeared as a guest on Room 101 on September 14, 2005, where he got rid of children's television presenters and had a once-in-a-lifetime experience.",
"He got rid of the banter and magicians.",
"Briain has written for many national newspapers in the UK and Ireland, from The Sunday Times to The Daily Telegraph.",
"He hosted the first edition of Turn Back Time.",
"Only one series was run.",
"On October 1, 2009, Briain released his first book, \"Tickling the English\", about what it means to be English.",
"He stated that he is enthusiastic about English culture and a student of English history, his favourite events being the Gin Craze and the civil war.",
"Sir Terry Wogan's heir apparent was described as Britain's \"favourite Irishman\" in a review.",
"The British Academy Video Games Awards were hosted by Briain 9 times between 2009 and 2019.",
"He hosted the Bafta Television awards in 2012 and was nominated for a Best Entertainment Performance Award.",
"Three programmes based at the Jodrell Bank Observatory were presented on Stargazing Live from 3 to 5 January 2011.",
"The second series of three-hour-long programmes, plus follow-up 30-minute shows called Stargazing Live: Back to Earth, were hosted by the two presenters.",
"The third series was presented from 8 to 10 January.",
"The partial solar eclipse over the Uk in 2015, the journey of Tim Peake to the International Space Station in 2016 and a 50th anniversary celebration of the Apollo missions are some of the highlights of Stargazing Live.",
"Stargazing Live was nominated for a Bafta.",
"Briain and Marcus du Sautoy co-hosted an eight-episode series on the Dave show.",
"Each episode had a guest trying to solve a problem posted by du Sautoy.",
"The second series began on 1 May.",
"On 6 November 2012 Briain began presenting a series called Dara Briain's Science Club, in which he and other celebrities discuss science issues.",
"Ed is talking about how close he is to the Neanderthals in the first edition of the programme.",
"A short animated history has been created by the UK animation and illustration agency 12Foot6.",
"Through Hell and High Water was a Comic Relief challenge which involved British celebrities canoeing the most difficult rapids of the Zambezi River.",
"They raised a lot of money for the charity.",
"The three-part fly-on-the-wall television series, \"Dara and Ed's Great Big Adventure,\" followed Briain and Ed's journey down the Pan-American Highway.",
"In June 2015, Briain traveled to Cambridge for a series of interviews with theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking, which aired on BBC One.",
"Chris Bavin and Dr Shini Somara were in Tomorrow's Food from January to March.",
"The show looked at the technologies and produce in farms, supermarkets, kitchens and restaurants around the world.",
"The 2016 reboot of Robot Wars was presented by Briain on July 24th.",
"He hosted a revival of the classic quiz show on Comedy Central.",
"He hosted The Family Brain Games in June of 2019.",
"The psychological analysis was supported by Dr. Adam Hampshire.",
"The Smith Family of Newmilns won the programme.",
"C4's upcoming quiz show is called One & Six Zeros.",
"Briain had a small role in the film The Look of Love directed by Michael Winterbottom.",
"Briain and his wife Susan live in West London with their three children, one daughter and two sons.",
"He was best man at Ed's wedding in 2008 and had previously been Briain's best man.",
"He said that in 2008 he probably only gets recognised once a day, and that he looked like Tony Soprano's henchman.",
"It's okay by me.",
"I'm not famous.",
"I don't see myself that way.",
"Briain doesn't believe in God even if he believes in him, and he sees himself as ethnically Catholic.",
"I'm still a Catholic.",
"Catholicism has a bigger reach than just the religion.",
"\"Don't believe in God, but I do still hate Rangers\" is the box I have to tick on the census form.",
"The original Irish form of O'Brien is his name.",
"He said that his dad was involved in the Irish language movement.",
"Irish people are confused by it.",
"Briain is a fan of both the English and Irish football teams.",
"Briain said he would try to have one read out every week after London knocked out Sligo in the Football Championship.",
"Briain has written about the subject of Irish cricket for The Guardian newspaper.",
"Briain was a member of a racing greyhound syndicate.",
"In the December 2009, transmission of Three Men Go to Ireland, a dog named Snip Nua was put down after being injured in a race.",
"Briain and his fellow syndicate members immediately dissolved their syndicate because they were so upset about the death.",
"In early 2010 a series of small demonstrations were held outside some of Briain's tour venues, urging him to publicly denounce the sport of greyhound racing due to the dog's death.",
"He was adopted in 2020 and was able to find his birth family.",
"Auditors of the Literary and Historical Society is located at University College Dublin."
] | <mask> ( , ; born 4 February 1972) is an Irish comedian and television presenter based in the United Kingdom. He is noted for performing stand-up comedy shows all over the world and for hosting topical panel shows such as Mock the Week, The Panel, and The Apprentice: You're Fired!. For his work on Mock the Week, he was nominated for the British Academy Television Award for Best Entertainment Performance in 2012. <mask>'s TV work also includes starring in and writing of television comedy and documentary series. He has also been a newspaper columnist, with pieces published in national papers in both Britain and Ireland. He has written books for both adults and children. His first children's book Beyond the Sky was nominated for a Blue Peter Book of the Year Award in 2017.In 2009, the Irish Independent described <mask> as "Terry Wogan's heir apparent as Britain's 'favourite Irishman'" and in 2010, <mask>in was voted the-16th greatest stand-up comic on Channel 4's 100 Greatest Stand-Ups. Early life
<mask> was born in 1972 in Bray, County Wicklow, and adopted into what he described as "a stable home" where he enjoyed a happy childhood with his "supportive" parents. He attended Coláiste Eoin secondary school, a Gaelcholáiste (Irish-speaking medium school) on Dublin's southside. He attended University College Dublin (UCD), where he studied mathematics and theoretical physics. In 2008, he remarked: "I haven't written it into my act, but it occasionally comes through. I could come on with a chalkboard and say: 'Now you're all going to pay attention. While a student at UCD, he was both the auditor of the Literary and Historical Society (the university's oldest debating society) and the co-founder and co-editor of The University Observer college newspaper.In 1994, he won the Irish Times National Debating Championship and The Irish Times/Gael Linn National Irish language debating championship; he is a fluent Irish speaker, and speaks to his father only in that language. He played both gaelic football and hurling for Bray Emmets and hurling for the Wicklow County minor team. After university
After graduating in 1994, <mask> began working at RTÉ as a children's TV presenter. At this time, he also began performing his first stand-up gigs on the Irish comedy circuit. He admitted, "I did the trip from Dublin to Donegal to play to six people; then I turned round and drove home again. I did about three or four years playing to a lot of bad rooms, but learning as I went. It's not bad when someone gives you £40 for standing up and telling jokes.I remember thinking: 'This is the life.'" <mask> spent three years as a presenter on the bilingual (Irish and English) children's programme Echo Island but came to prominence as a team captain on the topical panel show Don't Feed The Gondolas (1998–2000) hosted by Seán Moncrieff. <mask> also hosted RTÉ family entertainment gameshow It's A Family Affair. Stand-up comedy
<mask>'s stand up international career took off around this time as he began to tour heavily, performing across Europe, Asia, Australia and North America, with gigs in Dubai, Paris, Adelaide, Shanghai and New York City. He was a regular at the Kilkenny Cat Laughs and the Edinburgh Festival, as well as making one notable appearance at the Just For Laughs festival in Montreal in 2002, where he was offered a prestigious gala show because of his performances at the Irish showcase. Around this time, <mask> presented the weekend game show It's a Family Affair on RTÉ Television. It was the first time he worked with former Channel 4 commissioning editor Séamus Cassidy.They later set up the production company Happy Endings Productions, and together they produced (and <mask>in presented) the chat show Buried Alive (2003) and most famously in Ireland The Panel (2003–2006). In 2005, <mask>in's eighth show at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe was the biggest-selling solo comedy show of the festival. In early 2006, <mask> conducted his third tour of the United Kingdom and Ireland. This included shows at the Theatre Royal, in London as well as nine nights in Dublin at Vicar Street. His second night in the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, in London was recorded for his first live DVD. His fourth multinational tour followed in late 2007, which as he says in his routine has "no title" but was almost entitled "You Had to Be There". He performed new tours across the UK and Ireland in 2008, 2010, 2012, 2015 and 2018.His 2010 tour played for 150 dates, to over 225,000 people, including 37 nights in Vicar St. in Dublin, 9 nights at the Hammersmith Apollo in London and a first date in Dubai. Each of those three tours were recorded for DVD, and the 2012 tour, entitled 'Craic Dealer', was similarly recorded during his shows at the Edinburgh Playhouse in May 2012. "Craic Dealer" ran for over 150 shows, as did his 2015 tour "Crowd Tickler", this time with dates in Scandinavia, Northern Europe and Australia added to the tour. That tour was recorded for DVD, the last of his five DVDs. On 12 March 2011, <mask>, Jack Whitehall and Jon Richardson set a new Guinness World Records title for hosting the 'highest stand-up comedy gig in the world', on a British Airways flight in support of Comic Relief. In 2011, <mask>in took part in two shows of the 16-date Uncaged Monkeys tour with Professor Brian Cox, Robin Ince, Ben Goldacre, Simon Singh and Chris Addison. In Oct 2017 he started touring his show "Voice of Reason".As well as another 37 nights in Vicar St Theatre in Dublin (to bring his total there to 197 shows), "Voice of Reason" was performed more than 175 times, in 20 countries, including debut shows in Reykjavik, St Petersburg, Malta, Germany and New Zealand. It was recorded as a BBC special at the Hammersmith Apollo, for broadcast in 2019. He had originally planned to perform the show on debut tours to the US and Canada in 2020, but this was postponed after the first four US dates, in early March, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Canadian part of the tour resumed in August 2021. In September 2021 he announced a new show, named "So... Where Were We? ", with a tour starting in November 2021. Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, a portion of the tour in Ireland that was originally planned for January 2022 was pushed back to March through June 2022.Panel shows
The Panel was hosted by <mask>in. Three times nominated for the Best Entertainment show IFTA (Irish Film and Television Awards) the show has a rotating cast of panellists, usually drawn from the world of Irish comedy, discussing the events of the week and interviewing guests. The most regular panellists have been Colin Murphy, Ed Byrne, Neil Delamere, Andrew Maxwell and Mairéad Farrell. Around 2002, with his profile rising in the UK due to his one-man shows at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe, <mask> began making appearances on UK television shows such as Bring Me the Head of Light Entertainment (a Channel 5 production) and Never Mind the Buzzcocks. In early 2003, he hosted the second series of BBC Scotland's Live Floor Show. His big break in UK television came in 2003, when he appeared as a guest panellist on news quiz, Have I Got News for You, subsequently making several appearances as guest host of the show. In 2003, <mask> was nominated at the Chortle Comedy Awards for Live Comedy in the categories Best Compère and Best Headline Act (which he would go on to win).In 2004, he won the Best Headliner award again, as well as being nominated for Best Full-length Show. Since 2005, he has been the host of the comedy panel show Mock the Week on BBC Two, a blend between Have I Got News for You and Whose Line Is It Anyway? The show reached its 200th episode during its 19th series in 2019. He is a relatively frequent panellist on QI and wrote about Ireland in the QI series E annual, and appears occasionally on Just a Minute on BBC Radio 4. He also holds the record for greatest number of appearances (7) on the BBC stand-up showcase Live at the Apollo. <mask> has appeared several times in the BBC Radio science / comedy show The Infinite Monkey Cage which premiered on 30 November 2009 on Radio 4. In 2010, <mask> replaced Adrian Chiles as the presenter of The Apprentice: You're Fired!.After five years, he quit following the 2014 series. In 2016, <mask>in hosted a panel show about video games called <mask> <mask>'s Go 8 Bit. Series 3 began in February 2018. In 2019, <mask>in appeared as a guest on Hypothetical. Chat shows, television programmes and writing
Since 2006, <mask> has starred in the BBC's Three Men in a Boat series, with Griff Rhys Jones and Rory McGrath. The series has included the trio rowing the River Thames, as in the 1889 novel of the same name, sailing from London to the Isle of Wight for a sail boat race, borrowing numerous vessels to make their way from Plymouth to the Isles of Scilly. In 2009, the three took to the Irish canals and rivers on a trip from Dublin to Limerick.In 2010, they explored the Isles of Scotland. In 2011, two more series were made; one travelling from Monte Negro to Venice, the other travelling down the New England coast in the US to New York. In total seven series were made. On 14 September 2005, <mask> appeared as a guest on Room 101, where he got rid of children's television presenters (following his work as a presenter on Echo Island) and once-in-a-lifetime experiences (he was given a once-in-a-lifetime experience on the show by being the second guest to pull the lever that opens the chute to Room 101 – the first had been former host Nick Hancock). He also got rid of banter, Gillian McKeith and magicians. <mask> has also been an extensive newspaper columnist, with pieces published in many national papers in both the UK and Ireland, from The Sunday Times to The Daily Telegraph. On 9 August 2006, he hosted the first edition of his chat show Turn Back Time.which only ran for one series. On 1 October 2009, <mask> released his first book entitled Tickling the English, about what he considers it means to be English. As part of its promotion, he has stated that he is enthusiastic about English culture and a student of English history, his favourite events being the Gin Craze and the civil war. In a review of Tickling the English <mask> was described as Sir Terry Wogan's heir apparent as Britain's "favourite Irishman". <mask> has hosted the British Academy Video Games Awards 9 times between 2009 and 2019, including 2012, when highlights were also shown on Challenge. In 2012 he hosted the Bafta Television awards, the same year he was nominated for a Best Entertainment Performance Award. From 3 to 5 January 2011, <mask> and Brian Cox presented Stargazing Live on BBC Two, three programmes based at the Jodrell Bank Observatory, scheduled to coincide with the conjunction of Jupiter and Uranus, a partial solar eclipse, and the Quadrantid meteor shower.The two presenters hosted a second series of three-hour-long programmes, plus follow-up 30-minute shows called Stargazing Live: Back to Earth, from 16 to 18 January 2012. From 8 to 10 January 2013, they presented the third series, again accompanied by Back to Earth. Stargazing Live has continued to run intermittently throughout the decade, including live coverage of the Partial solar eclipse over the Uk in 2015, Astronaut Tim Peake's journey to the ISS in 2016, and a 50th anniversary celebration of the Apollo missions in 2019. Stargazing Live was nominated for a Bafta for Best Live Television Event in 2017. From 16 April 2012, <mask> presented an eight-episode series of School of Hard Sums with co-host Marcus du Sautoy on Dave. Each episode was themed and <mask>in along with a guest attempted to solve various conundrums posted by du Sautoy. Series 2 began on 1 May 2013.On 6 November 2012, <mask> began presenting a series called <mask> <mask>'s Science Club, in which he and other celebrities discuss science issues. The first edition of this programme features Ed Byrne talking about how closely related he is to the Neanderthals. Each episode in the series includes a short animated history that has been created by the UK animation and illustration agency 12Foot6. In 2013, <mask>in joined Jack Dee, Chelsee Healey, Greg James, Melanie C and Philips Idowu in Through Hell and High Water, a Comic Relief challenge which involved British celebrities canoeing the most difficult rapids of the Zambezi River. They raised over £1 million for the charity. Dara and Ed's Great Big Adventure, a 2015 three-part fly-on-the-wall television series, followed <mask>in and Ed Byrne on their journey by car down the Pan-American Highway. In June 2015, <mask> <mask>in Meets Stephen Hawking, in which <mask>in travels to Cambridge for a series of interviews with theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking, aired on BBC One.From January to March 2016, <mask> presented Tomorrow's Food, a three-episode series alongside Angela Hartnett, Chris Bavin and Dr Shini Somara. The BBC One show looked at the technologies and produce in farms, supermarkets, kitchens and restaurants around the world. <mask> presented the 2016 reboot of Robot Wars starting on 24 July, as well as the subsequent two series in 2017. He hosted a revival of the classic quiz show Blockbusters, which began airing on Comedy Central on 21 March 2019 until 5 December 2019. In June 2019, he was the host of The Family Brain Games. He co-hosted this with Dr. Hannah Critchlow, who was responsible for the psychological analysis and supported by Dr. Adam Hampshire. This programme was won by the Smith Family of Newmilns, Ayrshire.<mask>in will present C4's upcoming quiz show called One & Six Zeros. Film work
<mask>in had a cameo role as a generalised alternative comedian in the 2013 British film The Look of Love directed by Michael Winterbottom. Personal life
<mask>in married his wife Susan, a surgeon, in 2006; they live in West London with their three children, one daughter (born 2008) and two sons (born 2011 and 2015). He was best man at his best friend Ed Byrne's wedding in 2008 after Byrne had previously been <mask>riain's best man. He describes himself as looking like "one of Tony Soprano's henchmen, on a bad day", and said that in 2008, "living in London I probably only get recognised about once a day. And that's okay by me. I'm not a celebrity.And I certainly don't see myself as one". <mask> is an atheist, but has said that he also sees himself as "ethnically Catholic": "I'm staunchly atheist, I simply don't believe in God, even if he believes in me. But I'm still Catholic, of course. Catholicism has a much broader reach than just the religion. I'm technically Catholic, it's the box you have to tick on the census form: 'Don't believe in God, but I do still hate Rangers. His surname is the original Irish form of O'Brien. He said, "My dad was involved in the Irish language movement and changed it.Even Irish people are now confused by it". <mask> is a fan of English football club Arsenal, and he is also a fan of Gaelic games. When his tweet congratulating London on knocking Sligo out of the 2013 Football Championship was read out on The Sunday Game, <mask> expressed amazement and vowed to try to have one read out every week. <mask> has also expressed an interest in Irish cricket, and has written about the subject for The Guardian newspaper. <mask> was one of fifteen members of a racing greyhound syndicate for several years. The December 2009 transmission of Three Men Go to Ireland featured their dog Snip Nua who, by the time of transmission, had been put down following injuries sustained in a race. <mask> was so upset about the death that he and his fellow syndicate members immediately disbanded the syndicate permanently.In early 2010, a series of small demonstrations were held outside some of <mask>in's tour venues, urging him to publicly denounce the sport of greyhound racing due to the dog's death. In 2020, having known that he was adopted, he successfully sought out his birth family. Stand-up DVDs
See also
Auditors of the Literary and Historical Society (University College Dublin)
References
External links
<mask> <mask>in on Chortle
1972 births
20th-century Irish comedians
21st-century Irish comedians
Living people
Alumni of University College Dublin
Auditors of the Literary and Historical Society (University College Dublin)
Bray Emmets Gaelic footballers
Bray Emmets hurlers
Echo Island presenters
Former Roman Catholics
Irish adoptees
Irish atheists
Irish expatriates in the United Kingdom
Irish former Christians
Irish game show hosts
Irish male comedians
Irish stand-up comedians
Irish television personalities
People from Bray, County Wicklow
The Panel (Irish TV series) presenters
People educated at Coláiste Eoin
Robot Wars (TV series) presenters
Television presenters from the Republic of Ireland
Wicklow Gaelic footballers
Wicklow hurlers | [
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] | The Irish comedian and television host is based in the United Kingdom. He is known for performing stand-up comedy shows all over the world and for hosting panel shows such as The Panel and The Apprentice: You're Fired! He was nominated for a British Academy Television Award for Best Entertainment Performance for his work on Mock the Week. <mask>'s TV work includes writing and starring in comedy and documentary series. He has written for newspapers in both Britain and Ireland. He has written books for both adults and children. Beyond the Sky was nominated for a Blue Peter Book of the Year Award.In 2009, the Irish Independent described <mask> as "Terry Wogan's heir apparent as Britain's 'favourite Irishman'" and in 2010, he was voted the 16th greatest stand-up comic on Channel 4's 100 Greatest Stand-Ups. <mask> was born in 1972 in Bray, County Wicklow, and was adopted into a home where he enjoyed a happy childhood. He attended a medium school on Dublin's southside. He studied mathematics and theoretical physics at University College Dublin. "I haven't written it into my act, but it occasionally comes through," he said in 2008. I could say "Now you're all going to pay attention" on the chalkboard. He was an auditor of the Literary and Historical Society and co-editor of The University Observer college newspaper while he was a student at UCD.He won the Irish Times National Debating Championship in 1994 and is a fluent Irish speaker. He played for Bray Emmets and Wicklow County. <mask> began working as a children's TV host after graduating from university. He performed his first stand-up gig on the Irish comedy circuit at this time. He said that he traveled from Dublin to Donegal to play for six people. I learned a lot while playing to a lot of bad rooms. When someone gives you money for standing up and telling jokes, it's not bad.I remember thinking, "This is the life." <mask> was a team captain on the panel show Don't Feed The Gondolas which was hosted by Sen Moncrieff. It's A Family Affair was hosted by <mask>. <mask>'s stand up international career began to take off around this time as he began to tour heavily, performing across Europe, Asia, Australia and North America. He was a regular at the Kilkenny Cat Laughs and the Edinburgh Festival, as well as making one notable appearance at the Just For Laughs festival in Montreal in 2002, where he was offered a prestigious gala show because of his performances at the Irish showcase. The weekend game show It's a Family Affair was presented by <mask>. He worked with Séamus Cassidy for the first time.Happy Endings production company was set up by them and they produced the chat show Buried Alive and Ireland The Panel. <mask>'s eighth show at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe was the biggest-selling solo comedy show of the festival. The third tour of the United Kingdom and Ireland was conducted by <mask>. This included shows at the Theatre Royal in London as well as nine nights in Dublin. His first live DVD was recorded at the Theatre Royal in London. His fourth tour was almost entitled "You Had to be There", as he says in his routine. He did new tours in the UK and Ireland.His tour played for over 225,000 people and included 37 nights in Dublin. The 2012 tour, entitled 'Craic Dealer', was also recorded during his shows at the Edinburgh Playhouse. His 2015 tour "Crowd Tickler" ran for over 150 shows, with dates in Northern Europe and Australia added to the tour. The tour was recorded for a DVD. <mask>, Jack Whitehall and Jon Richardson set a new Guinness World Records title for hosting the highest stand-up comedy gig in the world on a British Airways flight in support of Comic Relief. <mask> took part in two shows of the Uncaged Monkeys tour in 2011. He began touring his show "Voice of Reason" in October of last year."Voice of Reason" was performed in 20 countries, including debut shows in Germany and New Zealand, as well as another 37 nights in the Vicar St Theatre in Dublin. It was recorded for broadcast in 2019. He had originally planned to perform the show on debut tours to the US and Canada in 2020, but this was postponed after the first four US dates. August 2021. is when the Canadian part of the tour resumed. He announced a new show in September of 2021. A tour starts in November 2021. A portion of the tour in Ireland was pushed back to March through June 2022.<mask> hosted The Panel. Three times nominated for the Best Entertainment show IFTA, the show has a rotating cast of panellists, usually drawn from the world of Irish comedy, discussing the events of the week and interviewing guests. Colin Murphy, Neil Delamere, Andrew Maxwell, and Mairéad Farrell are some of the regular panellists. <mask> began making appearances on UK television shows such as Bring Me the Head of Light Entertainment and Never Mind the Buzzcocks around 2002, when his profile rose in the UK due to his one-man shows at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe. The second series of the Live Floor Show was hosted by him. He made several appearances as guest host of the show after appearing as a panellist on Have I Got News for You. The Chortle Comedy Awards for Live Comedy nominated Briain in the categories of Best Compre and Best Headline Act, which he won.He was nominated for the Best Full-length Show in 2004. Since 2005, he has hosted a comedy panel show on the same day as Have I Got News for You and Whose Line Is It Anyway? The show had its 200th episode in 2019. He is a frequent panelist on QI and has written about Ireland in the QI series E annual. He holds the record for the most appearances on Live at the Apollo. <mask> appeared in The Infinite Monkey Cage on Radio 4 on November 30, 2009. <mask> was the new host of The Apprentice: You're Fired!He quit after five years. <mask> hosted a panel show about video games. Series 3 began in February. <mask> was a guest on Hypothetical in 2019. <mask> has starred in the three men in a boat series. In the 1889 novel of the same name, the trio rowed the River Thames from London to the Isle of Wight in order to take part in a sail boat race. The three took a trip to the Irish canals and rivers in 2009.They went to the Isles of Scotland in 2010. Two more series were made in 2011; one travelling from Monte Negro to Venice and the other going down the New England coast to New York. Seven series were made. <mask> appeared as a guest on Room 101 on September 14, 2005, where he got rid of children's television presenters and had a once-in-a-lifetime experience. He got rid of the banter and magicians. <mask> has written for many national newspapers in the UK and Ireland, from The Sunday Times to The Daily Telegraph. He hosted the first edition of Turn Back Time.Only one series was run. On October 1, 2009, <mask> released his first book, "Tickling the English", about what it means to be English. He stated that he is enthusiastic about English culture and a student of English history, his favourite events being the Gin Craze and the civil war. Sir Terry Wogan's heir apparent was described as Britain's "favourite Irishman" in a review. The British Academy Video Games Awards were hosted by <mask> 9 times between 2009 and 2019. He hosted the Bafta Television awards in 2012 and was nominated for a Best Entertainment Performance Award. Three programmes based at the Jodrell Bank Observatory were presented on Stargazing Live from 3 to 5 January 2011.The second series of three-hour-long programmes, plus follow-up 30-minute shows called Stargazing Live: Back to Earth, were hosted by the two presenters. The third series was presented from 8 to 10 January. The partial solar eclipse over the Uk in 2015, the journey of Tim Peake to the International Space Station in 2016 and a 50th anniversary celebration of the Apollo missions are some of the highlights of Stargazing Live. Stargazing Live was nominated for a Bafta. <mask> and Marcus du Sautoy co-hosted an eight-episode series on the Dave show. Each episode had a guest trying to solve a problem posted by du Sautoy. The second series began on 1 May.On 6 November 2012 <mask> began presenting a series called <mask> <mask>'s Science Club, in which he and other celebrities discuss science issues. Ed is talking about how close he is to the Neanderthals in the first edition of the programme. A short animated history has been created by the UK animation and illustration agency 12Foot6. Through Hell and High Water was a Comic Relief challenge which involved British celebrities canoeing the most difficult rapids of the Zambezi River. They raised a lot of money for the charity. The three-part fly-on-the-wall television series, "Dara and Ed's Great Big Adventure," followed <mask> and Ed's journey down the Pan-American Highway. In June 2015, <mask> traveled to Cambridge for a series of interviews with theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking, which aired on BBC One.Chris Bavin and Dr Shini Somara were in Tomorrow's Food from January to March. The show looked at the technologies and produce in farms, supermarkets, kitchens and restaurants around the world. The 2016 reboot of Robot Wars was presented by <mask> on July 24th. He hosted a revival of the classic quiz show on Comedy Central. He hosted The Family Brain Games in June of 2019. The psychological analysis was supported by Dr. Adam Hampshire. The Smith Family of Newmilns won the programme.C4's upcoming quiz show is called One & Six Zeros. <mask> had a small role in the film The Look of Love directed by Michael Winterbottom. <mask> and his wife Susan live in West London with their three children, one daughter and two sons. He was best man at Ed's wedding in 2008 and had previously been <mask>'s best man. He said that in 2008 he probably only gets recognised once a day, and that he looked like Tony Soprano's henchman. It's okay by me. I'm not famous.I don't see myself that way. <mask> doesn't believe in God even if he believes in him, and he sees himself as ethnically Catholic. I'm still a Catholic. Catholicism has a bigger reach than just the religion. "Don't believe in God, but I do still hate Rangers" is the box I have to tick on the census form. The original Irish form of O'Brien is his name. He said that his dad was involved in the Irish language movement.Irish people are confused by it. <mask> is a fan of both the English and Irish football teams. <mask> said he would try to have one read out every week after London knocked out Sligo in the Football Championship. <mask> has written about the subject of Irish cricket for The Guardian newspaper. <mask> was a member of a racing greyhound syndicate. In the December 2009, transmission of Three Men Go to Ireland, a dog named Snip Nua was put down after being injured in a race. <mask> and his fellow syndicate members immediately dissolved their syndicate because they were so upset about the death.In early 2010 a series of small demonstrations were held outside some of Briain's tour venues, urging him to publicly denounce the sport of greyhound racing due to the dog's death. He was adopted in 2020 and was able to find his birth family. Auditors of the Literary and Historical Society is located at University College Dublin. | [
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962882 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Hawley | Richard Hawley | Richard Willis Hawley (born 17 January 1967) is an English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer. After his first band Treebound Story (formed while he was still at school) broke up, Hawley found success as a member of Britpop band Longpigs in the 1990s. After that group broke up in 2000, he later joined the band Pulp, led by his friend Jarvis Cocker, for a short time. As a solo musician, Hawley has released eight studio albums. He has been nominated for a Mercury prize twice and once for a Brit Award. He has collaborated with Lisa Marie Presley, Shakespears Sister, Arctic Monkeys, Manic Street Preachers, Elbow, Duane Eddy and Paul Weller.
Early life
Born in Sheffield, Hawley grew up with two sisters in a working-class area of the city. He was born with a cleft palate, which required numerous operations. Both his parents were musicians; his father Dave Hawley was a guitarist with a number of local bands (on his death, the Sheffield Star called him a "Sheffield music legend"), and his mother Lynne a singer. They divorced when he was 16 years old. He is a lifelong supporter of local football club Sheffield Wednesday. He noted that "I always wrote songs since childhood" and realising that "you could actually make something up of your own was quite a big one then". He attended Hucklow Middle School together with future Pulp bassist Steve Mackey, and passed his O-levels. Hawley briefly worked at the local HMV.
While still at school, Hawley formed the Treebound Story and at the age of 19 recorded a Peel Session together with the band.
Solo career
Setanta (2001–2004)
As a member of the Longpigs, Hawley released two albums, The Sun Is Often Out and Mobile Home. After the demise of the band, he joined Pulp as a touring guitarist while also working as a session musician. During his time with both bands he was able to "quietly hone" his songwriting skills, citing that "I was never really very good about bleating on about being a songwriter". Impressed by a home demo of his songs, both Cocker and Mackey urged Hawley to record the material. He used some left-over studio time to demo material and to experiment. Pointing out that "I just wanted to make something gentle for myself – I never expected it to be released". He recorded a song per day, recording most of the instruments himself "with a boom mike in the middle so I could walk between instruments – I mixed it in my head". His eponymous debut was a mini-album that featured seven songs and released in April 2001 through Setanta Records. It was supported by the single "Coming Home". While Hawley played "90% of the stuff" he was assisted by former Longpigs drummer Andy Cook and Colin Elliot, who became his long-term producer.
Hawley later commented that "I think with anybody's early stuff you can batter it and take things apart. [With] doing those early records I was trying to get back to a way of being creative with recording rather than taking this dogmatic approach to it". He admitted that he didn't get "it right every time but I got what I wanted to achieve. It was to try and find something in the song. And also, with those early records, there was no money". Clash Magazine described it as "a rather brief burst of seven mid-paced, ’50s-flecked moments of jangle. Listening back now, it’s easy to spot the early signs of the grandeur that was to come, especially on standout "Sunlight" amongst these tentative 22 and a half minutes". The cover of the album was shot in front of a bingo hall in Cleethorpes.
In 2001, Late Night Final, named after the cry of vendors selling the Sheffield Star evening newspaper on the streets of the city, was released to positive reviews from the press. Hawley later explained that prior to going into the sessions "all I'd got was the riff to "Baby, You're My Light" and that the majority of songs were written during the sessions. As an example he cited "The Nights Are Cold" that was done in one take after Cooke asked "look, we've got a gig tonight, are we doing this or what?". Clash magazine called it "a remarkably assured, often truly gorgeous, collection of warmly evocative lullabies" singling out the songs "Baby, You’re My Light" and "The Nights Are Cold" as "mesmerising". The album was produced by Alan Smythe.
Two years later Hawley released Lowedges, named after a suburb of the city. The NME called Lowedges the "first great album of 2003" and it topped an end-of-the-year poll held by Virgin Radio. Of the two albums, he later stated that "as those three records progressed you can see the band thing taking over more and more. By the time you get to Lowedges there's less of me playing everything and there's more of the guys. I was determined for it to be very ragged-arsed and not to be really polished and produced".
Mute (2005–2011)
After leaving Setanta Records in 2004, Hawley signed to Mute Records, a division of EMI. Legal wrangling delayed Coles Corner, Hawley's third album, until September 2005. Again, Hawley mined the theme of his home city, this time referencing the location where courting lovers meet. Coles Corner eventually gained a nomination for the Mercury Prize in 2006. Alex Turner of the Arctic Monkeys, whose debut album won the prize, exclaimed "Someone call 999, Richard Hawley's been robbed!"
Hawley's 2007 album Lady's Bridge (again named with a Sheffield reference, after a bridge in the centre of the city) was released in the United Kingdom on 20 August 2007. He performed a 16-date tour during September 2007 to promote the album. Merchandising on the tour included T-shirts and posters, but also special edition bottles of Sheffield-made Henderson's Relish. The same year, Hawley's father died after a long illness. Setanta re-released his self-titled debut in 2007 extending it with five additional tracks. He later commented that the release "altered the flow, there's a track on it called 'Troublesome Waters' which is a cover of a Howard Seratt song and it's the only time me and my dad featured together on a published recording. He plays rhythm guitar".
On 14 January 2008, Hawley was nominated for his first solo Brit Award for Best British Male Performer. Hawley was a headlining act at the 2008 Festival Internacional de Benicàssim in Spain. Hawley produced, with Colin Elliot, and contributed two songs to the album Made in Sheffield, a compilation of songs by the Sheffield-based songwriters for Tony Christie.
Truelove's Gutter, Hawley's fifth studio album, was released on Mute Records on 21 September 2009. The album won the Mojo record of the year.
His song "Don't Get Hung Up in Your Soul" was chosen as the Starbucks iTunes Pick of the Week for 17 November 2009. and "Open Up Your Door" featured as the soundtrack song to the Häagen-Dazs ice cream TV commercial in the UK.
Hawley's track "Tonight The Streets Are Ours" was chosen as the title track for the Oscar nominated 2010 Banksy film Exit Through the Gift Shop which premièred at the Sundance Film Festival on 24 January 2010. His 2011 song "There's a Storm Coming" was used at the end of the film Brighton Rock.
"You And I" by Richard Hawley and The Death Ramps (aka Arctic Monkeys), was released as the B-side of the Arctic Monkeys' single "Black Treacle" on 23 January 2012.
Parlophone (2012–2015)
Standing at the Sky's Edge, the sixth solo album, was released in the UK on 7 May 2012 through Parlophone. It was supported by the release of four singles, "Leave Your Body Behind You", "Down in the Woods", "Seek It" and "Don't Stare at the Sun". The four singles were collected on vinyl for the Singles Club box set. During the European tour in support of the album, Hawley broke his leg and had to perform in a wheelchair. In September 2012, Standing at the Sky's Edge was nominated for the 2012 Mercury Awards. Hawley also featured in a BBC6 Music live broadcast with the BBC Philharmonic Orchestra, which took place at the Magna Science Park, Rotherham. In October 2013 he joined Cocker and Kami Thompson on the Bright Phoebus Revisited UK Tour. Hawley also provided vocals for the title track of the Manic Street Preachers album, Rewind The Film, released in September 2013.
In October 2014, his previous record company, Setanta, re-released the first three albums both on vinyl and CD. He also contributed a number of songs to the soundtrack of the documentary film Love Is All in 2014. In September 2015, Hawley released his seventh album Hollow Meadows.
BMG Rights Management (2019–present)
On 31 May 2019, Hawley revealed his eighth studio album Further, released by BMG Rights Management. The album's 11 tracks are titled: Off My Mind, Alone, My Little Treasures, Further, Emilina Says, Is There a Pill?, Galley Girl, Not Lonely, Time Is, Midnight Train, and Doors.
Session work
Hawley has also worked with several musicians, including Hank Marvin, A Girl Called Eddy, and Jarvis Cocker (and his Relaxed Muscle project). He played the guitar solo on All Saints' cover version of "Under the Bridge". On working with others, Hawley noted that he has always been asked to and he likes "working with other people because you can get too absorbed in your own little bubble".
In 2002, Hawley produced the debut single "So Young" by Sheffield band Hoggboy, co-produced the band's two albums Or 8? and Seven Miles Of Love, co-wrote second album track "Hello", and also played on a cover version of Little Walter's "Come Back Baby", which was released as a B-side to the single "Believe". Hawley also produced material by lead singer Tom Hogg's next band The Hosts.
Praise from R.E.M.'s Mike Mills led to Hawley being approached to support the group on several concert dates in 2005. After contributing to Nancy Sinatra's 2004 self-titled album, Hawley supported her on a European tour in 2005 and duetted with her on several of the tour's concerts.
Hawley provided vocals for "Bad Woman", a B-side to Arctic Monkeys' single "Teddy Picker", released on 3 December 2007. He also co-wrote and provided vocals and guitar to the song "The Fix" on Elbow's Mercury Prize-winning 2008 album The Seldom Seen Kid. Hawley also performed the song with the band at the Glastonbury Festival in June 2008, on The Culture Show in June 2008, at Elbow's homecoming gigs in Manchester in 2008, Wembley Arena in March 2009, Blackpool's Empress Ballroom in March 2009 and at the MEN Arena in September 2009. He reprised his collaboration with Elbow on 17 January 2009 for a special recording of The Seldom Seen Kid with the BBC Concert Orchestra at Abbey Road Studios, which was subsequently released as a special edition CD and DVD set titled The Seldom Seen Kid Live at Abbey Road in March 2009. He appeared with Elbow on 19 March 2011 while the band were in Sheffield to perform "The Fix" during their UK tour.
Hawley's song "Baby, You're My Light" was included on the CD soundtrack for the 2008 film Nick and Norah's Infinite Playlist. Hawley himself made an appearance in the 2007 film Flick.
In October 2009, Hawley was joined on stage by Lisa Marie Presley in London for an encore; she sang vocals on a song the pair had been working on called "Weary". The two embarked on a song writing partnership in which Presley wrote the lyrics and Hawley the music. Her album, Storm & Grace, was released in 2012 and included the track "Weary" featuring Hawley.
Hawley worked again with Sheffield band Arctic Monkeys in January 2012, providing vocals for the "Black Treacle"'s B-side, "You And I", which was released on 23 January that year. The band usually used the alias of the Death Ramps when working in collaboration with Hawley.
Style
Hawley's inspiration has largely been found in his local Sheffield and 1960s rockabilly, he also stating that "I've only ever wanted to make music that's soulful, that has some depth and heart in it." From early on in his career he was "really obsessed with things like Chess Records, Sun Records, the Bihari brothers and those records of that time were all done in the blink of an eye and it was about capturing a moment, and there was a degree of musical alchemy in all that." Clash magazine noted the "Orbison and Walker comparisons" attributed to Hawley's early work. He described himself as "a jack of all trades" when commenting on his career as both a (session) musician and a songwriter, describing them as "running parallel". The covers and names of his albums often reference his home-town: "I know what it's like to live here in Sheffield and therefore it seems perfectly logical to write about it."
Discography
Studio albums
Late Night Final (Setanta SET88) (15 October 2001)
Lowedges (Setanta SET110) (10 February 2003) (UK No. 169)
Coles Corner (Mute STUMM251) (5 September 2005) (UK No. 37)
Lady's Bridge (Mute STUMM278) (20 August 2007) (UK No. 6)
Truelove's Gutter (Mute STUMM312) (21 September 2009) (UK No. 17)
Standing at the Sky's Edge (Parlophone) (7 May 2012) (UK No. 3)
Hollow Meadows (Parlophone) (11 September 2015) (UK No. 9)
Further (BMG Rights Management) (31 May 2019) (UK No. 3)
Mini albums
Richard Hawley (Setanta SET153) (23 April 2001); (extended edition released 21 May 2007)
Live albums
Live at the Devil's Arse (Mute) (26 January 2009)
Richard Hawley Live at the Devil's Arse 28 April 2017 (LiveHereNow) (10 August 2018)
Film scores
Flick (2008)
Love Is All (2014)
Funny Cow (2017)
Urban Myths, episode: "The Dali and The Cooper" (2018)
Pond Life (2018)
One Way to Denmark (2020)
Singles and EPs
"Coming Home" (16 July 2001)
"Baby, You're My Light" (4 February 2002) (UK No. 81)
"That's Alright Mama" (10 June 2002)
"Run for Me" (12 May 2003) (UK No. 186)
"The Ocean" (22 August 2005) (UK No. 102)
"Coles Corner" (31 October 2005) (UK No. 146)
"Just Like the Rain" (23 January 2006) (UK No. 94)
"Born Under a Bad Sign" (20 March 2006) (UK No. 81)
"Coles Corner" (re-issue) (12 June 2006) (UK No. 136)
"Hotel Room" (4 September 2006) (UK No. 64)
"Silent Night" (12 December 2006)
"Tonight the Streets Are Ours" (6 August 2007) (UK No. 40)
"Serious" (15 October 2007) (UK No. 83)
"Valentine" (28 January 2008) (UK No. 134)
Lady's Bridge EP (26 May 2008)
"For Your Lover, Give Some Time" (10 August 2009)
"Open Up Your Door" (30 November 2009)
False Lights from the Land EP featuring Smoke Fairies (7 June 2010)
"Leave Your Body Behind You" (2 April 2012)
"Down in the Woods" (15 July 2012)
"Seek It" (30 September 2012)
"Don’t Stare at the Sun" (25 February 2013)
"Rewind the Film" (Manic Street Preachers feat. Richard Hawley) (8 July 2013)
"Rollin' and Tumblin'" (19 April 2014)
"Heart of Oak" (4 September 2015)
"I Still Want You" (6 October 2015)
"Funny Cow" (20 April 2018)
"Off My Mind" (6 March 2019)
"My Little Treasures" (12 April 2019)
"Alone" (19 April 2019)
"Ballad of a Thin Man" (20 September 2019)
Treebound Story singles
"My Life's Example" (1988) (Fon Records)
"Swimming in the Heart of Jane" (1989) (Native Records 12NTV 40)
"Take It" (1989) (Native Records 12NTV 43)
Credits
References
External links
– official site
Hawleyboard Online Community – official message board where Hawley is a regular contributor
MOG Review
Treebound story
1967 births
Living people
English pop guitarists
English rock guitarists
English male guitarists
English male singer-songwriters
Parlophone artists
Musicians from Sheffield
Mute Records artists
Pulp (band) members
People educated at Firth Park Academy | [
"Richard Willis Hawley (born 17 January 1967) is an English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer.",
"After his first band Treebound Story (formed while he was still at school) broke up, Hawley found success as a member of Britpop band Longpigs in the 1990s.",
"After that group broke up in 2000, he later joined the band Pulp, led by his friend Jarvis Cocker, for a short time.",
"As a solo musician, Hawley has released eight studio albums.",
"He has been nominated for a Mercury prize twice and once for a Brit Award.",
"He has collaborated with Lisa Marie Presley, Shakespears Sister, Arctic Monkeys, Manic Street Preachers, Elbow, Duane Eddy and Paul Weller.",
"Early life \nBorn in Sheffield, Hawley grew up with two sisters in a working-class area of the city.",
"He was born with a cleft palate, which required numerous operations.",
"Both his parents were musicians; his father Dave Hawley was a guitarist with a number of local bands (on his death, the Sheffield Star called him a \"Sheffield music legend\"), and his mother Lynne a singer.",
"They divorced when he was 16 years old.",
"He is a lifelong supporter of local football club Sheffield Wednesday.",
"He noted that \"I always wrote songs since childhood\" and realising that \"you could actually make something up of your own was quite a big one then\".",
"He attended Hucklow Middle School together with future Pulp bassist Steve Mackey, and passed his O-levels.",
"Hawley briefly worked at the local HMV.",
"While still at school, Hawley formed the Treebound Story and at the age of 19 recorded a Peel Session together with the band.",
"Solo career\n\nSetanta (2001–2004) \nAs a member of the Longpigs, Hawley released two albums, The Sun Is Often Out and Mobile Home.",
"After the demise of the band, he joined Pulp as a touring guitarist while also working as a session musician.",
"During his time with both bands he was able to \"quietly hone\" his songwriting skills, citing that \"I was never really very good about bleating on about being a songwriter\".",
"Impressed by a home demo of his songs, both Cocker and Mackey urged Hawley to record the material.",
"He used some left-over studio time to demo material and to experiment.",
"Pointing out that \"I just wanted to make something gentle for myself – I never expected it to be released\".",
"He recorded a song per day, recording most of the instruments himself \"with a boom mike in the middle so I could walk between instruments – I mixed it in my head\".",
"His eponymous debut was a mini-album that featured seven songs and released in April 2001 through Setanta Records.",
"It was supported by the single \"Coming Home\".",
"While Hawley played \"90% of the stuff\" he was assisted by former Longpigs drummer Andy Cook and Colin Elliot, who became his long-term producer.",
"Hawley later commented that \"I think with anybody's early stuff you can batter it and take things apart.",
"[With] doing those early records I was trying to get back to a way of being creative with recording rather than taking this dogmatic approach to it\".",
"He admitted that he didn't get \"it right every time but I got what I wanted to achieve.",
"It was to try and find something in the song.",
"And also, with those early records, there was no money\".",
"Clash Magazine described it as \"a rather brief burst of seven mid-paced, ’50s-flecked moments of jangle.",
"Listening back now, it’s easy to spot the early signs of the grandeur that was to come, especially on standout \"Sunlight\" amongst these tentative 22 and a half minutes\".",
"The cover of the album was shot in front of a bingo hall in Cleethorpes.",
"In 2001, Late Night Final, named after the cry of vendors selling the Sheffield Star evening newspaper on the streets of the city, was released to positive reviews from the press.",
"Hawley later explained that prior to going into the sessions \"all I'd got was the riff to \"Baby, You're My Light\" and that the majority of songs were written during the sessions.",
"As an example he cited \"The Nights Are Cold\" that was done in one take after Cooke asked \"look, we've got a gig tonight, are we doing this or what?\".",
"Clash magazine called it \"a remarkably assured, often truly gorgeous, collection of warmly evocative lullabies\" singling out the songs \"Baby, You’re My Light\" and \"The Nights Are Cold\" as \"mesmerising\".",
"The album was produced by Alan Smythe.",
"Two years later Hawley released Lowedges, named after a suburb of the city.",
"The NME called Lowedges the \"first great album of 2003\" and it topped an end-of-the-year poll held by Virgin Radio.",
"Of the two albums, he later stated that \"as those three records progressed you can see the band thing taking over more and more.",
"By the time you get to Lowedges there's less of me playing everything and there's more of the guys.",
"I was determined for it to be very ragged-arsed and not to be really polished and produced\".",
"Mute (2005–2011) \nAfter leaving Setanta Records in 2004, Hawley signed to Mute Records, a division of EMI.",
"Legal wrangling delayed Coles Corner, Hawley's third album, until September 2005.",
"Again, Hawley mined the theme of his home city, this time referencing the location where courting lovers meet.",
"Coles Corner eventually gained a nomination for the Mercury Prize in 2006.",
"Alex Turner of the Arctic Monkeys, whose debut album won the prize, exclaimed \"Someone call 999, Richard Hawley's been robbed!\"",
"Hawley's 2007 album Lady's Bridge (again named with a Sheffield reference, after a bridge in the centre of the city) was released in the United Kingdom on 20 August 2007.",
"He performed a 16-date tour during September 2007 to promote the album.",
"Merchandising on the tour included T-shirts and posters, but also special edition bottles of Sheffield-made Henderson's Relish.",
"The same year, Hawley's father died after a long illness.",
"Setanta re-released his self-titled debut in 2007 extending it with five additional tracks.",
"He later commented that the release \"altered the flow, there's a track on it called 'Troublesome Waters' which is a cover of a Howard Seratt song and it's the only time me and my dad featured together on a published recording.",
"He plays rhythm guitar\".",
"On 14 January 2008, Hawley was nominated for his first solo Brit Award for Best British Male Performer.",
"Hawley was a headlining act at the 2008 Festival Internacional de Benicàssim in Spain.",
"Hawley produced, with Colin Elliot, and contributed two songs to the album Made in Sheffield, a compilation of songs by the Sheffield-based songwriters for Tony Christie.",
"Truelove's Gutter, Hawley's fifth studio album, was released on Mute Records on 21 September 2009.",
"The album won the Mojo record of the year.",
"His song \"Don't Get Hung Up in Your Soul\" was chosen as the Starbucks iTunes Pick of the Week for 17 November 2009. and \"Open Up Your Door\" featured as the soundtrack song to the Häagen-Dazs ice cream TV commercial in the UK.",
"Hawley's track \"Tonight The Streets Are Ours\" was chosen as the title track for the Oscar nominated 2010 Banksy film Exit Through the Gift Shop which premièred at the Sundance Film Festival on 24 January 2010.",
"His 2011 song \"There's a Storm Coming\" was used at the end of the film Brighton Rock.",
"\"You And I\" by Richard Hawley and The Death Ramps (aka Arctic Monkeys), was released as the B-side of the Arctic Monkeys' single \"Black Treacle\" on 23 January 2012.",
"Parlophone (2012–2015) \nStanding at the Sky's Edge, the sixth solo album, was released in the UK on 7 May 2012 through Parlophone.",
"It was supported by the release of four singles, \"Leave Your Body Behind You\", \"Down in the Woods\", \"Seek It\" and \"Don't Stare at the Sun\".",
"The four singles were collected on vinyl for the Singles Club box set.",
"During the European tour in support of the album, Hawley broke his leg and had to perform in a wheelchair.",
"In September 2012, Standing at the Sky's Edge was nominated for the 2012 Mercury Awards.",
"Hawley also featured in a BBC6 Music live broadcast with the BBC Philharmonic Orchestra, which took place at the Magna Science Park, Rotherham.",
"In October 2013 he joined Cocker and Kami Thompson on the Bright Phoebus Revisited UK Tour.",
"Hawley also provided vocals for the title track of the Manic Street Preachers album, Rewind The Film, released in September 2013.",
"In October 2014, his previous record company, Setanta, re-released the first three albums both on vinyl and CD.",
"He also contributed a number of songs to the soundtrack of the documentary film Love Is All in 2014.",
"In September 2015, Hawley released his seventh album Hollow Meadows.",
"BMG Rights Management (2019–present) \n\nOn 31 May 2019, Hawley revealed his eighth studio album Further, released by BMG Rights Management.",
"The album's 11 tracks are titled: Off My Mind, Alone, My Little Treasures, Further, Emilina Says, Is There a Pill?, Galley Girl, Not Lonely, Time Is, Midnight Train, and Doors.",
"Session work\nHawley has also worked with several musicians, including Hank Marvin, A Girl Called Eddy, and Jarvis Cocker (and his Relaxed Muscle project).",
"He played the guitar solo on All Saints' cover version of \"Under the Bridge\".",
"On working with others, Hawley noted that he has always been asked to and he likes \"working with other people because you can get too absorbed in your own little bubble\".",
"In 2002, Hawley produced the debut single \"So Young\" by Sheffield band Hoggboy, co-produced the band's two albums Or 8?",
"and Seven Miles Of Love, co-wrote second album track \"Hello\", and also played on a cover version of Little Walter's \"Come Back Baby\", which was released as a B-side to the single \"Believe\".",
"Hawley also produced material by lead singer Tom Hogg's next band The Hosts.",
"Praise from R.E.M.",
"'s Mike Mills led to Hawley being approached to support the group on several concert dates in 2005.",
"After contributing to Nancy Sinatra's 2004 self-titled album, Hawley supported her on a European tour in 2005 and duetted with her on several of the tour's concerts.",
"Hawley provided vocals for \"Bad Woman\", a B-side to Arctic Monkeys' single \"Teddy Picker\", released on 3 December 2007.",
"He also co-wrote and provided vocals and guitar to the song \"The Fix\" on Elbow's Mercury Prize-winning 2008 album The Seldom Seen Kid.",
"Hawley also performed the song with the band at the Glastonbury Festival in June 2008, on The Culture Show in June 2008, at Elbow's homecoming gigs in Manchester in 2008, Wembley Arena in March 2009, Blackpool's Empress Ballroom in March 2009 and at the MEN Arena in September 2009.",
"He reprised his collaboration with Elbow on 17 January 2009 for a special recording of The Seldom Seen Kid with the BBC Concert Orchestra at Abbey Road Studios, which was subsequently released as a special edition CD and DVD set titled The Seldom Seen Kid Live at Abbey Road in March 2009.",
"He appeared with Elbow on 19 March 2011 while the band were in Sheffield to perform \"The Fix\" during their UK tour.",
"Hawley's song \"Baby, You're My Light\" was included on the CD soundtrack for the 2008 film Nick and Norah's Infinite Playlist.",
"Hawley himself made an appearance in the 2007 film Flick.",
"In October 2009, Hawley was joined on stage by Lisa Marie Presley in London for an encore; she sang vocals on a song the pair had been working on called \"Weary\".",
"The two embarked on a song writing partnership in which Presley wrote the lyrics and Hawley the music.",
"Her album, Storm & Grace, was released in 2012 and included the track \"Weary\" featuring Hawley.",
"Hawley worked again with Sheffield band Arctic Monkeys in January 2012, providing vocals for the \"Black Treacle\"'s B-side, \"You And I\", which was released on 23 January that year.",
"The band usually used the alias of the Death Ramps when working in collaboration with Hawley.",
"Style \nHawley's inspiration has largely been found in his local Sheffield and 1960s rockabilly, he also stating that \"I've only ever wanted to make music that's soulful, that has some depth and heart in it.\"",
"From early on in his career he was \"really obsessed with things like Chess Records, Sun Records, the Bihari brothers and those records of that time were all done in the blink of an eye and it was about capturing a moment, and there was a degree of musical alchemy in all that.\"",
"Clash magazine noted the \"Orbison and Walker comparisons\" attributed to Hawley's early work.",
"He described himself as \"a jack of all trades\" when commenting on his career as both a (session) musician and a songwriter, describing them as \"running parallel\".",
"The covers and names of his albums often reference his home-town: \"I know what it's like to live here in Sheffield and therefore it seems perfectly logical to write about it.\"",
"Discography\n\nStudio albums\n Late Night Final (Setanta SET88) (15 October 2001)\n Lowedges (Setanta SET110) (10 February 2003) (UK No.",
"169)\n Coles Corner (Mute STUMM251) (5 September 2005) (UK No.",
"37)\n Lady's Bridge (Mute STUMM278) (20 August 2007) (UK No.",
"6)\n Truelove's Gutter (Mute STUMM312) (21 September 2009) (UK No.",
"17)\n Standing at the Sky's Edge (Parlophone) (7 May 2012) (UK No.",
"3)\n Hollow Meadows (Parlophone) (11 September 2015) (UK No.",
"9)\n Further (BMG Rights Management) (31 May 2019) (UK No.",
"3)\n\nMini albums \n Richard Hawley (Setanta SET153) (23 April 2001); (extended edition released 21 May 2007)\n\nLive albums \n Live at the Devil's Arse (Mute) (26 January 2009)\n Richard Hawley Live at the Devil's Arse 28 April 2017 (LiveHereNow) (10 August 2018)\n\nFilm scores\n Flick (2008)\n Love Is All (2014)\n Funny Cow (2017)\n Urban Myths, episode: \"The Dali and The Cooper\" (2018)\n Pond Life (2018)\n One Way to Denmark (2020)\n\nSingles and EPs\n \"Coming Home\" (16 July 2001)\n \"Baby, You're My Light\" (4 February 2002) (UK No.",
"81)\n \"That's Alright Mama\" (10 June 2002)\n \"Run for Me\" (12 May 2003) (UK No.",
"186)\n \"The Ocean\" (22 August 2005) (UK No.",
"102)\n \"Coles Corner\" (31 October 2005) (UK No.",
"146)\n \"Just Like the Rain\" (23 January 2006) (UK No.",
"94)\n \"Born Under a Bad Sign\" (20 March 2006) (UK No.",
"81)\n \"Coles Corner\" (re-issue) (12 June 2006) (UK No.",
"136)\n \"Hotel Room\" (4 September 2006) (UK No.",
"64)\n \"Silent Night\" (12 December 2006)\n \"Tonight the Streets Are Ours\" (6 August 2007) (UK No.",
"40)\n \"Serious\" (15 October 2007) (UK No.",
"83)\n \"Valentine\" (28 January 2008) (UK No.",
"134)\n Lady's Bridge EP (26 May 2008)\n \"For Your Lover, Give Some Time\" (10 August 2009)\n \"Open Up Your Door\" (30 November 2009)\n False Lights from the Land EP featuring Smoke Fairies (7 June 2010)\n \"Leave Your Body Behind You\" (2 April 2012)\n \"Down in the Woods\" (15 July 2012)\n \"Seek It\" (30 September 2012)\n \"Don’t Stare at the Sun\" (25 February 2013)\n \"Rewind the Film\" (Manic Street Preachers feat.",
"Richard Hawley) (8 July 2013)\n \"Rollin' and Tumblin'\" (19 April 2014)\n \"Heart of Oak\" (4 September 2015)\n \"I Still Want You\" (6 October 2015)\n \"Funny Cow\" (20 April 2018)\n \"Off My Mind\" (6 March 2019)\n \"My Little Treasures\" (12 April 2019)\n \"Alone\" (19 April 2019)\n \"Ballad of a Thin Man\" (20 September 2019)\n\nTreebound Story singles\n \"My Life's Example\" (1988) (Fon Records)\n \"Swimming in the Heart of Jane\" (1989) (Native Records 12NTV 40)\n \"Take It\" (1989) (Native Records 12NTV 43)\n\nCredits\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n – official site\n\nHawleyboard Online Community – official message board where Hawley is a regular contributor\nMOG Review\nTreebound story\n\n1967 births\nLiving people\nEnglish pop guitarists\nEnglish rock guitarists\nEnglish male guitarists\nEnglish male singer-songwriters\nParlophone artists\nMusicians from Sheffield\nMute Records artists\nPulp (band) members\nPeople educated at Firth Park Academy"
] | [
"Richard Hawley was born on January 17, 1967, and is an English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer.",
"After his first band broke up, he found success as a member of the Britpop band Longpigs.",
"He joined the band Pulp, led by his friend, after the group broke up.",
"He has released eight studio albums as a solo musician.",
"Twice he has been nominated for a Mercury prize and once for a Brit Award.",
"He collaborated with Lisa Marie Presley, Shakespears Sister, Arctic Monkeys, Manic Street Preachers, Elbow, and Paul Weller.",
"Hawley was raised in a working-class area of the city.",
"He was born with a cleft palate.",
"His parents were both musicians, his father was a guitarist with a number of local bands, and his mother was a singer.",
"They divorced when he was 16.",
"He is a lifelong fan of the club.",
"He said that when he realized that he could actually make something up of his own, it was a big deal.",
"He passed his O-levels after attending a middle school with a future bassist.",
"He worked at the HMV.",
"At the age of 19 Hawley formed the Treebound Story and recorded a Peel Session with the band.",
"As a member of the Longpigs, Hawley released two albums, The Sun Is Often Out and Mobile Home.",
"After the demise of the band, he joined the band as a touring guitarist and also worked as a session musician.",
"During his time with both bands he was able to hone his writing skills.",
"Cocker and Mackey were impressed by the home demo of his songs.",
"He used some studio time to experiment.",
"I never expected it to be released, I just wanted to make something gentle for myself.",
"He used a boom mike in the middle of the room to record most of the instruments himself.",
"His debut album contained seven songs and was released in April 2001 through Setanta Records.",
"\"Coming Home\" was supported by it.",
"He was assisted by former Longpigs drummer Andy Cook and Colin Elliot, who became his long-term producer.",
"\"I think with anyone's early stuff, you can batter it and take things apart,\" he said.",
"I was trying to get back to a way of being creative with recording rather than taking a strict approach to it.",
"He admitted that he didn't get it right every time, but he got what he wanted.",
"It was to find something in the song.",
"There was no money with those early records.",
"It was described as a brief burst of seven moments of jangle.",
"It is easy to spot the early signs of the grandeur that was to come, especially on \"Sunlight\" amongst these tentative 22 and a half minutes.",
"The bingo hall where the cover of the album was shot is in Cleethorpes.",
"In 2001, Late Night Final was released to positive reviews from the press.",
"The majority of the songs that were written during the sessions were the riffs to \"Baby, You're My Light\".",
"He said that \"The Nights Are Cold\" was done in one take after he asked \"look, we've got a gig tonight, are we doing this or what?\".",
"The songs \"Baby, You're My Light\" and \"The Nights Are Cold\" were called \"mesmerising\" by the magazine.",
"Alan Smythe produced the album.",
"Lowedges was released two years later.",
"Lowedges was the first great album of 2003 and it was voted the best of the year by Virgin Radio.",
"He said that the band thing was taking over more and more as the albums progressed.",
"When you get to Lowedges, there's more of the guys than me.",
"I wanted it to be ragged-arsed and not to be polished.",
"After leaving Setanta Records in 2004, Hawley signed to Mute Records.",
"The album was delayed until September 2005.",
"The location where courting lovers meet is the subject of another67531675316753167531675316753167531",
"In 2006 Coles Corner was nominated for the Mercury Prize.",
"Alex Turner, whose debut album won the prize, exclaimed, \"Richard Hawley's been robbed!\"",
"Lady's Bridge was released in the United Kingdom on August 20, 2007, and was named after a bridge in the centre of the city.",
"The tour was to promote the album.",
"Special edition bottles of Henderson's Relish were included in the tour's merchandising.",
"Hawley's father died after a long illness.",
"Setanta's debut was re-released in 2007, with five additional tracks.",
"The release changed the flow, there's a track on it called 'Troublesome Waters' which is a cover of a Howard Seratt song and it's the only time me and my dad featured together on a published recording.",
"He plays a musical instrument.",
"On January 14, 2008, Hawley was nominated for a Brit Award for Best British Male Performer.",
"The Festival Internacional de Benicssim was held in Spain in 2008.",
"Two songs were contributed by Hawley to the album Made inSheffield, a collection of songs written for Tony Christie.",
"Hawley's fifth studio album, Truelove's Gutter, was released on September 21, 2009.",
"The record of the year was won by the album.",
"His song \"Open Up Your Door\" was used in an ice cream commercial in the UK.",
"\"Tonight The Streets Are Ours\" was chosen as the title track for the film Exit Through the Gift Shop, which was nominated for an Oscar.",
"His song \"There's a Storm Coming\" was used in a film.",
"\"You And I\" by Richard Hawley and The Death Ramps was released as the B-side of the Arctic Monkeys' single \"Black Treacle\" on January 23, 2012",
"Standing at the Sky's Edge was released in the UK on 7 May 2012 through Parlophone.",
"Four singles, \"Leave Your Body Behind You\", \"Down in the Woods\", \"Seek It\" and \"Don't Stare at the Sun\" were released.",
"There are four singles in the Singles Club box set.",
"During the European tour in support of the album, Hawley broke his leg and had to perform in a wheelchair.",
"Standing at the Sky's Edge was nominated for a Mercury Award.",
"The live broadcast with the Philharmonic Orchestra took place at the Magna Science Park.",
"He was on the UK tour with Cocker and Kami Thompson.",
"The vocals for the title track of the Manic Street Preachers album were provided by Hawley.",
"His previous record company, Setanta, re-released the first three albums on vinyl and CD.",
"He contributed a number of songs to the soundtrack of Love Is All.",
"In September 2015, Hawley released his seventh album.",
"Hawley's eighth studio album Further was released by BMG Rights Management on May 31, 2019.",
"Off My Mind, Alone, My Little Treasures, Further, Emilina Says, Is There a Pill?, Galley Girl, Not Lonely, Time Is, Midnight Train, and Doors are the 11 tracks on the album.",
"Several musicians have worked with Hawley, including Hank Marvin, A Girl Called Eddy, and Jarvis Cocker.",
"He played the guitar solo on the cover.",
"He likes working with other people because he can get too absorbed in his own bubble.",
"The debut single by the band \"So Young\" was produced by Hawley and co-produced by the band.",
"The second album track \"Hello\" was co-written and played on a cover version of Little Walter's \"Come Back Baby\", which was released as a B-side to the single \"Believe\".",
"Tom Hogg is the lead singer of The Hosts.",
"Praise from R.E.M.",
"Mike Mills got Hawley to support the group on several concert dates in 2005.",
"After contributing to Nancy Sinatra's 2004 self-titled album, Hawley supported her on a European tour in 2005 and duetted with her on several of the tour's concerts.",
"The B-side to the single \"Teddy Picker\" was provided by Hawley.",
"Elbow's Mercury Prize-winning 2008 album The Seldom Seen Kid was co-written and provided vocals and guitar by him.",
"The band performed the song on The Culture Show in June 2008, at Elbow's home show in Manchester in 2008, Wembley Arena in March 2009, and at the MEN Arena in September 2009.",
"He reprised his collaboration with Elbow on 17 January 2009 for a special recording of The Seldom Seen Kid with the BBC Concert Orchestra at Abbey Road Studios, which was subsequently released as a special edition CD and DVD set titled The Seldom Seen Kid Live at Abbey Road in March 2009.",
"Elbow performed \"The Fix\" during their UK tour in March of 2011.",
"The song \"Baby, You're My Light\" was included on the soundtrack for a film.",
"He made an appearance in a film.",
"In October 2009, Lisa Marie Presley joined Hawley on stage in London for an encore performance of a song they had been working on.",
"Presley wrote the lyrics and Hawley wrote the music for the song.",
"The song \"Weary\" was on her 2012 album, Storm & Grace.",
"In January 2012 Hawley provided vocals for the B-side of \"You and I\", which was released by the band.",
"The band used the name Death Ramps when working with Hawley.",
"\"I've only ever wanted to make music that'ssoulful, that has some depth and heart in it, and that's what Style Hawley's inspiration has been,\" he said.",
"Chess Records, Sun Records, the Bihari brothers and those records of that time were all done in the blink of an eye and it was about capturing a moment.",
"The \"Orbison and Walker comparisons\" were attributed to Hawley's early work.",
"He described himself as a jack of all trades when talking about his career as both a musician and a writer.",
"He knows what it's like to live in his hometown and it makes sense to write about it on his albums.",
"Late Night Final and Lowedges are studio albums.",
"The UK No. 169 is Coles Corner.",
"Lady's Bridge was built in August of 2007.",
"Truelove's Gutter was published in the UK in September of 2009.",
"17 are standing at the Sky's Edge.",
"The UK's No. 3 is theHollowMeadows (Parlophone) (11 September 2015).",
"Further (BMG Rights Management) is on May 31, 2019.",
"Live at the Devil's Arse (Mute) was released on 26 January 2009, and Richard Hawley Live at the Devil's Arse was released on 10 August.",
"\"That's Alright Mama\" was released on June 10, 2002.",
"\"The Ocean\" was aired in the UK on August 22, 2005.",
"\"Coles Corner\" was published on October 31, 2005.",
"\"Just Like the Rain\" was aired on January 23, 2006 in the UK.",
"\"Born Under a Bad Sign\" was written in March of 2006",
"The re-issue of \"Coles Corner\" was published in June of 2006",
"There is a \"Hotel Room\" in the UK.",
"\"Silent Night\" came out in December of 2006 and \"Tonight the Streets Are Ours\" came out in August of 2007.",
"\"Serious\" was written in October of 2007.",
"\"Valentine\" was published on January 28, 2008 in the UK.",
"Lady's Bridge was released on May 26, 2008 and features \"For Your Lovers, Give Some Time\" and \"Open Up Your Door.\" False Lights from the Land was released on November 30, 2009, and features \"Leave Your Body Behind You\" and \"Down in the Woods\".",
"\"Rollin' and Tumblin'\" was written by Richard Hawley."
] | <mask> (born 17 January 1967) is an English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer. After his first band Treebound Story (formed while he was still at school) broke up, <mask> found success as a member of Britpop band Longpigs in the 1990s. After that group broke up in 2000, he later joined the band Pulp, led by his friend Jarvis Cocker, for a short time. As a solo musician, <mask> has released eight studio albums. He has been nominated for a Mercury prize twice and once for a Brit Award. He has collaborated with Lisa Marie Presley, Shakespears Sister, Arctic Monkeys, Manic Street Preachers, Elbow, Duane Eddy and Paul Weller. Early life
Born in Sheffield, <mask> grew up with two sisters in a working-class area of the city.He was born with a cleft palate, which required numerous operations. Both his parents were musicians; his father <mask> was a guitarist with a number of local bands (on his death, the Sheffield Star called him a "Sheffield music legend"), and his mother Lynne a singer. They divorced when he was 16 years old. He is a lifelong supporter of local football club Sheffield Wednesday. He noted that "I always wrote songs since childhood" and realising that "you could actually make something up of your own was quite a big one then". He attended Hucklow Middle School together with future Pulp bassist Steve Mackey, and passed his O-levels. <mask> briefly worked at the local HMV.While still at school, <mask> formed the Treebound Story and at the age of 19 recorded a Peel Session together with the band. Solo career
Setanta (2001–2004)
As a member of the Longpigs, <mask> released two albums, The Sun Is Often Out and Mobile Home. After the demise of the band, he joined Pulp as a touring guitarist while also working as a session musician. During his time with both bands he was able to "quietly hone" his songwriting skills, citing that "I was never really very good about bleating on about being a songwriter". Impressed by a home demo of his songs, both Cocker and Mackey urged <mask> to record the material. He used some left-over studio time to demo material and to experiment. Pointing out that "I just wanted to make something gentle for myself – I never expected it to be released".He recorded a song per day, recording most of the instruments himself "with a boom mike in the middle so I could walk between instruments – I mixed it in my head". His eponymous debut was a mini-album that featured seven songs and released in April 2001 through Setanta Records. It was supported by the single "Coming Home". While <mask> played "90% of the stuff" he was assisted by former Longpigs drummer Andy Cook and Colin Elliot, who became his long-term producer. <mask> later commented that "I think with anybody's early stuff you can batter it and take things apart. [With] doing those early records I was trying to get back to a way of being creative with recording rather than taking this dogmatic approach to it". He admitted that he didn't get "it right every time but I got what I wanted to achieve.It was to try and find something in the song. And also, with those early records, there was no money". Clash Magazine described it as "a rather brief burst of seven mid-paced, ’50s-flecked moments of jangle. Listening back now, it’s easy to spot the early signs of the grandeur that was to come, especially on standout "Sunlight" amongst these tentative 22 and a half minutes". The cover of the album was shot in front of a bingo hall in Cleethorpes. In 2001, Late Night Final, named after the cry of vendors selling the Sheffield Star evening newspaper on the streets of the city, was released to positive reviews from the press. <mask> later explained that prior to going into the sessions "all I'd got was the riff to "Baby, You're My Light" and that the majority of songs were written during the sessions.As an example he cited "The Nights Are Cold" that was done in one take after Cooke asked "look, we've got a gig tonight, are we doing this or what?". Clash magazine called it "a remarkably assured, often truly gorgeous, collection of warmly evocative lullabies" singling out the songs "Baby, You’re My Light" and "The Nights Are Cold" as "mesmerising". The album was produced by Alan Smythe. Two years later <mask> released Lowedges, named after a suburb of the city. The NME called Lowedges the "first great album of 2003" and it topped an end-of-the-year poll held by Virgin Radio. Of the two albums, he later stated that "as those three records progressed you can see the band thing taking over more and more. By the time you get to Lowedges there's less of me playing everything and there's more of the guys.I was determined for it to be very ragged-arsed and not to be really polished and produced". Mute (2005–2011)
After leaving Setanta Records in 2004, <mask> signed to Mute Records, a division of EMI. Legal wrangling delayed Coles Corner, <mask>'s third album, until September 2005. Again, <mask> mined the theme of his home city, this time referencing the location where courting lovers meet. Coles Corner eventually gained a nomination for the Mercury Prize in 2006. Alex Turner of the Arctic Monkeys, whose debut album won the prize, exclaimed "Someone call 999, <mask>'s been robbed!" <mask>'s 2007 album Lady's Bridge (again named with a Sheffield reference, after a bridge in the centre of the city) was released in the United Kingdom on 20 August 2007.He performed a 16-date tour during September 2007 to promote the album. Merchandising on the tour included T-shirts and posters, but also special edition bottles of Sheffield-made Henderson's Relish. The same year, <mask>'s father died after a long illness. Setanta re-released his self-titled debut in 2007 extending it with five additional tracks. He later commented that the release "altered the flow, there's a track on it called 'Troublesome Waters' which is a cover of a Howard Seratt song and it's the only time me and my dad featured together on a published recording. He plays rhythm guitar". On 14 January 2008, <mask> was nominated for his first solo Brit Award for Best British Male Performer.<mask> was a headlining act at the 2008 Festival Internacional de Benicàssim in Spain. <mask> produced, with Colin Elliot, and contributed two songs to the album Made in Sheffield, a compilation of songs by the Sheffield-based songwriters for Tony Christie. Truelove's Gutter, <mask>'s fifth studio album, was released on Mute Records on 21 September 2009. The album won the Mojo record of the year. His song "Don't Get Hung Up in Your Soul" was chosen as the Starbucks iTunes Pick of the Week for 17 November 2009. and "Open Up Your Door" featured as the soundtrack song to the Häagen-Dazs ice cream TV commercial in the UK. <mask>'s track "Tonight The Streets Are Ours" was chosen as the title track for the Oscar nominated 2010 Banksy film Exit Through the Gift Shop which premièred at the Sundance Film Festival on 24 January 2010. His 2011 song "There's a Storm Coming" was used at the end of the film Brighton Rock."You And I" by <mask> and The Death Ramps (aka Arctic Monkeys), was released as the B-side of the Arctic Monkeys' single "Black Treacle" on 23 January 2012. Parlophone (2012–2015)
Standing at the Sky's Edge, the sixth solo album, was released in the UK on 7 May 2012 through Parlophone. It was supported by the release of four singles, "Leave Your Body Behind You", "Down in the Woods", "Seek It" and "Don't Stare at the Sun". The four singles were collected on vinyl for the Singles Club box set. During the European tour in support of the album, <mask> broke his leg and had to perform in a wheelchair. In September 2012, Standing at the Sky's Edge was nominated for the 2012 Mercury Awards. <mask> also featured in a BBC6 Music live broadcast with the BBC Philharmonic Orchestra, which took place at the Magna Science Park, Rotherham.In October 2013 he joined Cocker and Kami Thompson on the Bright Phoebus Revisited UK Tour. <mask> also provided vocals for the title track of the Manic Street Preachers album, Rewind The Film, released in September 2013. In October 2014, his previous record company, Setanta, re-released the first three albums both on vinyl and CD. He also contributed a number of songs to the soundtrack of the documentary film Love Is All in 2014. In September 2015, <mask> released his seventh album Hollow Meadows. BMG Rights Management (2019–present)
On 31 May 2019, <mask> revealed his eighth studio album Further, released by BMG Rights Management. The album's 11 tracks are titled: Off My Mind, Alone, My Little Treasures, Further, Emilina Says, Is There a Pill?, Galley Girl, Not Lonely, Time Is, Midnight Train, and Doors.Session work
<mask> has also worked with several musicians, including Hank Marvin, A Girl Called Eddy, and Jarvis Cocker (and his Relaxed Muscle project). He played the guitar solo on All Saints' cover version of "Under the Bridge". On working with others, <mask> noted that he has always been asked to and he likes "working with other people because you can get too absorbed in your own little bubble". In 2002, <mask> produced the debut single "So Young" by Sheffield band Hoggboy, co-produced the band's two albums Or 8? and Seven Miles Of Love, co-wrote second album track "Hello", and also played on a cover version of Little Walter's "Come Back Baby", which was released as a B-side to the single "Believe". Hawley also produced material by lead singer Tom Hogg's next band The Hosts. Praise from R.E.M.'s Mike Mills led to <mask> being approached to support the group on several concert dates in 2005. After contributing to Nancy Sinatra's 2004 self-titled album, <mask> supported her on a European tour in 2005 and duetted with her on several of the tour's concerts. <mask> provided vocals for "Bad Woman", a B-side to Arctic Monkeys' single "Teddy Picker", released on 3 December 2007. He also co-wrote and provided vocals and guitar to the song "The Fix" on Elbow's Mercury Prize-winning 2008 album The Seldom Seen Kid. <mask> also performed the song with the band at the Glastonbury Festival in June 2008, on The Culture Show in June 2008, at Elbow's homecoming gigs in Manchester in 2008, Wembley Arena in March 2009, Blackpool's Empress Ballroom in March 2009 and at the MEN Arena in September 2009. He reprised his collaboration with Elbow on 17 January 2009 for a special recording of The Seldom Seen Kid with the BBC Concert Orchestra at Abbey Road Studios, which was subsequently released as a special edition CD and DVD set titled The Seldom Seen Kid Live at Abbey Road in March 2009. He appeared with Elbow on 19 March 2011 while the band were in Sheffield to perform "The Fix" during their UK tour.<mask>'s song "Baby, You're My Light" was included on the CD soundtrack for the 2008 film Nick and Norah's Infinite Playlist. <mask> himself made an appearance in the 2007 film Flick. In October 2009, <mask> was joined on stage by Lisa Marie Presley in London for an encore; she sang vocals on a song the pair had been working on called "Weary". The two embarked on a song writing partnership in which Presley wrote the lyrics and <mask> the music. Her album, Storm & Grace, was released in 2012 and included the track "Weary" featuring <mask>. <mask> worked again with Sheffield band Arctic Monkeys in January 2012, providing vocals for the "Black Treacle"'s B-side, "You And I", which was released on 23 January that year. The band usually used the alias of the Death Ramps when working in collaboration with <mask>.Style
<mask>'s inspiration has largely been found in his local Sheffield and 1960s rockabilly, he also stating that "I've only ever wanted to make music that's soulful, that has some depth and heart in it." From early on in his career he was "really obsessed with things like Chess Records, Sun Records, the Bihari brothers and those records of that time were all done in the blink of an eye and it was about capturing a moment, and there was a degree of musical alchemy in all that." Clash magazine noted the "Orbison and Walker comparisons" attributed to <mask>'s early work. He described himself as "a jack of all trades" when commenting on his career as both a (session) musician and a songwriter, describing them as "running parallel". The covers and names of his albums often reference his home-town: "I know what it's like to live here in Sheffield and therefore it seems perfectly logical to write about it." Discography
Studio albums
Late Night Final (Setanta SET88) (15 October 2001)
Lowedges (Setanta SET110) (10 February 2003) (UK No. 169)
Coles Corner (Mute STUMM251) (5 September 2005) (UK No.37)
Lady's Bridge (Mute STUMM278) (20 August 2007) (UK No. 6)
Truelove's Gutter (Mute STUMM312) (21 September 2009) (UK No. 17)
Standing at the Sky's Edge (Parlophone) (7 May 2012) (UK No. 3)
Hollow Meadows (Parlophone) (11 September 2015) (UK No. 9)
Further (BMG Rights Management) (31 May 2019) (UK No. 3)
Mini albums
<mask> (Setanta SET153) (23 April 2001); (extended edition released 21 May 2007)
Live albums
Live at the Devil's Arse (Mute) (26 January 2009)
<mask> Live at the Devil's Arse 28 April 2017 (LiveHereNow) (10 August 2018)
Film scores
Flick (2008)
Love Is All (2014)
Funny Cow (2017)
Urban Myths, episode: "The Dali and The Cooper" (2018)
Pond Life (2018)
One Way to Denmark (2020)
Singles and EPs
"Coming Home" (16 July 2001)
"Baby, You're My Light" (4 February 2002) (UK No. 81)
"That's Alright Mama" (10 June 2002)
"Run for Me" (12 May 2003) (UK No.186)
"The Ocean" (22 August 2005) (UK No. 102)
"Coles Corner" (31 October 2005) (UK No. 146)
"Just Like the Rain" (23 January 2006) (UK No. 94)
"Born Under a Bad Sign" (20 March 2006) (UK No. 81)
"Coles Corner" (re-issue) (12 June 2006) (UK No. 136)
"Hotel Room" (4 September 2006) (UK No. 64)
"Silent Night" (12 December 2006)
"Tonight the Streets Are Ours" (6 August 2007) (UK No.40)
"Serious" (15 October 2007) (UK No. 83)
"Valentine" (28 January 2008) (UK No. 134)
Lady's Bridge EP (26 May 2008)
"For Your Lover, Give Some Time" (10 August 2009)
"Open Up Your Door" (30 November 2009)
False Lights from the Land EP featuring Smoke Fairies (7 June 2010)
"Leave Your Body Behind You" (2 April 2012)
"Down in the Woods" (15 July 2012)
"Seek It" (30 September 2012)
"Don’t Stare at the Sun" (25 February 2013)
"Rewind the Film" (Manic Street Preachers feat. <mask>) (8 July 2013)
"Rollin' and Tumblin'" (19 April 2014)
"Heart of Oak" (4 September 2015)
"I Still Want You" (6 October 2015)
"Funny Cow" (20 April 2018)
"Off My Mind" (6 March 2019)
"My Little Treasures" (12 April 2019)
"Alone" (19 April 2019)
"Ballad of a Thin Man" (20 September 2019)
Treebound Story singles
"My Life's Example" (1988) (Fon Records)
"Swimming in the Heart of Jane" (1989) (Native Records 12NTV 40)
"Take It" (1989) (Native Records 12NTV 43)
Credits
References
External links
– official site
Hawleyboard Online Community – official message board where <mask> is a regular contributor
MOG Review
Treebound story
1967 births
Living people
English pop guitarists
English rock guitarists
English male guitarists
English male singer-songwriters
Parlophone artists
Musicians from Sheffield
Mute Records artists
Pulp (band) members
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] | <mask> was born on January 17, 1967, and is an English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer. After his first band broke up, he found success as a member of the Britpop band Longpigs. He joined the band Pulp, led by his friend, after the group broke up. He has released eight studio albums as a solo musician. Twice he has been nominated for a Mercury prize and once for a Brit Award. He collaborated with Lisa Marie Presley, Shakespears Sister, Arctic Monkeys, Manic Street Preachers, Elbow, and Paul Weller. <mask> was raised in a working-class area of the city.He was born with a cleft palate. His parents were both musicians, his father was a guitarist with a number of local bands, and his mother was a singer. They divorced when he was 16. He is a lifelong fan of the club. He said that when he realized that he could actually make something up of his own, it was a big deal. He passed his O-levels after attending a middle school with a future bassist. He worked at the HMV.At the age of 19 <mask> formed the Treebound Story and recorded a Peel Session with the band. As a member of the Longpigs, <mask> released two albums, The Sun Is Often Out and Mobile Home. After the demise of the band, he joined the band as a touring guitarist and also worked as a session musician. During his time with both bands he was able to hone his writing skills. Cocker and Mackey were impressed by the home demo of his songs. He used some studio time to experiment. I never expected it to be released, I just wanted to make something gentle for myself.He used a boom mike in the middle of the room to record most of the instruments himself. His debut album contained seven songs and was released in April 2001 through Setanta Records. "Coming Home" was supported by it. He was assisted by former Longpigs drummer Andy Cook and Colin Elliot, who became his long-term producer. "I think with anyone's early stuff, you can batter it and take things apart," he said. I was trying to get back to a way of being creative with recording rather than taking a strict approach to it. He admitted that he didn't get it right every time, but he got what he wanted.It was to find something in the song. There was no money with those early records. It was described as a brief burst of seven moments of jangle. It is easy to spot the early signs of the grandeur that was to come, especially on "Sunlight" amongst these tentative 22 and a half minutes. The bingo hall where the cover of the album was shot is in Cleethorpes. In 2001, Late Night Final was released to positive reviews from the press. The majority of the songs that were written during the sessions were the riffs to "Baby, You're My Light".He said that "The Nights Are Cold" was done in one take after he asked "look, we've got a gig tonight, are we doing this or what?". The songs "Baby, You're My Light" and "The Nights Are Cold" were called "mesmerising" by the magazine. Alan Smythe produced the album. Lowedges was released two years later. Lowedges was the first great album of 2003 and it was voted the best of the year by Virgin Radio. He said that the band thing was taking over more and more as the albums progressed. When you get to Lowedges, there's more of the guys than me.I wanted it to be ragged-arsed and not to be polished. After leaving Setanta Records in 2004, <mask> signed to Mute Records. The album was delayed until September 2005. The location where courting lovers meet is the subject of another67531675316753167531675316753167531 In 2006 Coles Corner was nominated for the Mercury Prize. Alex Turner, whose debut album won the prize, exclaimed, "<mask>'s been robbed!" Lady's Bridge was released in the United Kingdom on August 20, 2007, and was named after a bridge in the centre of the city.The tour was to promote the album. Special edition bottles of Henderson's Relish were included in the tour's merchandising. <mask>'s father died after a long illness. Setanta's debut was re-released in 2007, with five additional tracks. The release changed the flow, there's a track on it called 'Troublesome Waters' which is a cover of a Howard Seratt song and it's the only time me and my dad featured together on a published recording. He plays a musical instrument. On January 14, 2008, <mask> was nominated for a Brit Award for Best British Male Performer.The Festival Internacional de Benicssim was held in Spain in 2008. Two songs were contributed by <mask> to the album Made inSheffield, a collection of songs written for Tony Christie. <mask>'s fifth studio album, Truelove's Gutter, was released on September 21, 2009. The record of the year was won by the album. His song "Open Up Your Door" was used in an ice cream commercial in the UK. "Tonight The Streets Are Ours" was chosen as the title track for the film Exit Through the Gift Shop, which was nominated for an Oscar. His song "There's a Storm Coming" was used in a film."You And I" by <mask> and The Death Ramps was released as the B-side of the Arctic Monkeys' single "Black Treacle" on January 23, 2012 Standing at the Sky's Edge was released in the UK on 7 May 2012 through Parlophone. Four singles, "Leave Your Body Behind You", "Down in the Woods", "Seek It" and "Don't Stare at the Sun" were released. There are four singles in the Singles Club box set. During the European tour in support of the album, <mask> broke his leg and had to perform in a wheelchair. Standing at the Sky's Edge was nominated for a Mercury Award. The live broadcast with the Philharmonic Orchestra took place at the Magna Science Park.He was on the UK tour with Cocker and Kami Thompson. The vocals for the title track of the Manic Street Preachers album were provided by <mask>. His previous record company, Setanta, re-released the first three albums on vinyl and CD. He contributed a number of songs to the soundtrack of Love Is All. In September 2015, <mask> released his seventh album. <mask>'s eighth studio album Further was released by BMG Rights Management on May 31, 2019. Off My Mind, Alone, My Little Treasures, Further, Emilina Says, Is There a Pill?, Galley Girl, Not Lonely, Time Is, Midnight Train, and Doors are the 11 tracks on the album.Several musicians have worked with <mask>, including Hank Marvin, A Girl Called Eddy, and Jarvis Cocker. He played the guitar solo on the cover. He likes working with other people because he can get too absorbed in his own bubble. The debut single by the band "So Young" was produced by <mask> and co-produced by the band. The second album track "Hello" was co-written and played on a cover version of Little Walter's "Come Back Baby", which was released as a B-side to the single "Believe". Tom Hogg is the lead singer of The Hosts. Praise from R.E.M.Mike Mills got <mask> to support the group on several concert dates in 2005. After contributing to Nancy Sinatra's 2004 self-titled album, <mask> supported her on a European tour in 2005 and duetted with her on several of the tour's concerts. The B-side to the single "Teddy Picker" was provided by <mask>. Elbow's Mercury Prize-winning 2008 album The Seldom Seen Kid was co-written and provided vocals and guitar by him. The band performed the song on The Culture Show in June 2008, at Elbow's home show in Manchester in 2008, Wembley Arena in March 2009, and at the MEN Arena in September 2009. He reprised his collaboration with Elbow on 17 January 2009 for a special recording of The Seldom Seen Kid with the BBC Concert Orchestra at Abbey Road Studios, which was subsequently released as a special edition CD and DVD set titled The Seldom Seen Kid Live at Abbey Road in March 2009. Elbow performed "The Fix" during their UK tour in March of 2011.The song "Baby, You're My Light" was included on the soundtrack for a film. He made an appearance in a film. In October 2009, Lisa Marie Presley joined <mask> on stage in London for an encore performance of a song they had been working on. Presley wrote the lyrics and <mask> wrote the music for the song. The song "Weary" was on her 2012 album, Storm & Grace. In January 2012 <mask> provided vocals for the B-side of "You and I", which was released by the band. The band used the name Death Ramps when working with <mask>."I've only ever wanted to make music that'ssoulful, that has some depth and heart in it, and that's what <mask>'s inspiration has been," he said. Chess Records, Sun Records, the Bihari brothers and those records of that time were all done in the blink of an eye and it was about capturing a moment. The "Orbison and Walker comparisons" were attributed to <mask>'s early work. He described himself as a jack of all trades when talking about his career as both a musician and a writer. He knows what it's like to live in his hometown and it makes sense to write about it on his albums. Late Night Final and Lowedges are studio albums. The UK No. 169 is Coles Corner.Lady's Bridge was built in August of 2007. Truelove's Gutter was published in the UK in September of 2009. 17 are standing at the Sky's Edge. The UK's No. 3 is theHollowMeadows (Parlophone) (11 September 2015). Further (BMG Rights Management) is on May 31, 2019. Live at the Devil's Arse (Mute) was released on 26 January 2009, and <mask> Live at the Devil's Arse was released on 10 August. "That's Alright Mama" was released on June 10, 2002."The Ocean" was aired in the UK on August 22, 2005. "Coles Corner" was published on October 31, 2005. "Just Like the Rain" was aired on January 23, 2006 in the UK. "Born Under a Bad Sign" was written in March of 2006 The re-issue of "Coles Corner" was published in June of 2006 There is a "Hotel Room" in the UK. "Silent Night" came out in December of 2006 and "Tonight the Streets Are Ours" came out in August of 2007."Serious" was written in October of 2007. "Valentine" was published on January 28, 2008 in the UK. Lady's Bridge was released on May 26, 2008 and features "For Your Lovers, Give Some Time" and "Open Up Your Door." False Lights from the Land was released on November 30, 2009, and features "Leave Your Body Behind You" and "Down in the Woods". "Rollin' and Tumblin'" was written by <mask>. | [
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26705523 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20C.%20Webb | David C. Webb | David Charles Napier Webb (November 20, 1928 - October 1, 2016) was a consultant to government agencies, corporations, universities and nonprofit organizations on various aspects of aerospace development, technology, and education. Government and corporate agencies include: DOD, DARPA, USAF, NASA, Rockwell International, McDonnell Douglas, SAIC, Rocketdyne, Space Services, General Space Corporation, Eagle Engineering, International Space Corporation, Aerospace Industries Association. Universities include: Harvard, Stanford, MIT, Caltech, California, Texas, Georgetown, George Washington University, George Mason University, William & Mary, North Carolina, North Dakota, Florida, Central Florida, Embry-Riddle. Non-profit organizations include: The Webb Vocational Institute, Florida and California Space Grant Consortia, Florida Space Research Foundation, Astronauts Memorial Foundation, Space Studies Institute, National Space Society, U.S. Space Foundation, Mid-West Space Development Corporation, others. Activities include consulting to government agencies in national and international technological, economic and policy development issues; to corporations on space commercialization, space remote sensing, political and media issues; to universities on multidisciplinary space curricula development, information technology and 'virtual' program development and multi-university, cross-cultural program issues. Prepared a number of studies, reports, memoranda and presentations on these and other specific requirements.
Developed a widespread network of contacts in the aerospace and high-technology arena in many areas and levels of activity, both nationally and internationally. In the U.S. this includes the Office of Science and Technology Policy in the White House, Congressional Committees on Science, Technology and Space, NASA, DOD, USAF, FAA, JPL, Los Alamos Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, Stanford Research Institute, most major aerospace corporations and space organizations. In Europe, ESA, CNES, and corporations such as Arianespace, DARA, British Aerospace. In Japan, NASDA, ISAS and NAL in government, NEC and Shimizu corporations. In Russia, the Moscow Aviation Institute, some cosmonauts and start-up industries. Additional contacts in the United Nations both in the Outer Space Affairs Division and in the Environmental Program.
Early life and family
David C Webb was born the fifth child and second son of Gordon and Cornelia Mary Webb at the family home, Curraghbawn, near Nenagh, in County Tipperary, Ireland on 20, November, 1928. The Webb family had a passion for adventure, and David was no exception. From the time he could toddle around, he wandered rural Ireland, rejoicing in imaginative games. As a school boy, he excelled in all sports, setting records as a bowler in cricket, as a sprinter, and as a swimmer, among other sports. David's father was a World War I fighter pilot, and his brother Patrick was a flier during World War II. All three Webb sisters, Pamela, April, and Rosemary, also served during WWII. David graduated from public school (Saint Columba's College, Dublin) just as the war was ending. Although he shared his father and brother's passions for flight, the timing was against him – so many fliers just released from the military service meant that there was no call for trainees.
Partly because he was unable to take his passion for speed to the sky, David found another outlet. He became a highly competitive motorcycle racer. He was good enough at the sport to be offered a chance to “go pro”. Simultaneously, he went to work for Avery Scales, a multinational company in Dublin, where he was a rising star. Both those careers were left behind when he and a group of friends decided to build a boat, sail across the Atlantic Ocean, through the Panama Canal, and out to the South Pacific. “We wanted to see those beautiful girls in Samoa,” he recalls. The expedition was organized by famed sailor Tony Jacobs. The group of young men pooled their resources, bought a hull, and spent months building the boat they dubbed the Aisling – Irish Gaelic for great dreams. On May 2, 1952, David, Tony and their companions – Anthony Blythe and brothers Fionn and Christopher Darby – sailed from Galway Bay, Newspaper articles at the time made many references to the successful young businessman, David Webb, who had given it all up to sail the world. Several months and many exciting ... and frightening moments later, the Aisling and her crew arrived in Puerto Rico, where the American Coast Guard put a halt to their big plans. They never got through the Panama Canal or into the South Pacific. Coast Guard personnel hauled the Aisling out of the water and showed them that the hull was being consumed by parasites. Their rudder was very nearly torn from the boat!
David stayed in Puerto Rico briefly, but was offered the chance to set up a lobster business on Antigua, and accepted. It took the Antiguan locals a while to accept that the lanky Irishman could hold his own as a lobster fisherman. They dove without any gear, often to a depth of 40 feet, to pull the lobsters off the ocean floor. As they saw he could go to the depths with them, however, they accepted him. David spent about a year on Antigua, then hitched a ride aboard a 21-foot sailboat on its way to Canada.
Careers
“A Calgary businessman I met in Antigua told me that if I could get to his office in Canada by a certain date, he would guarantee me a job,” David recalls. He walked in on the very date, and went to work immediately, driving “big rigs” over the icy Canadian highways. During the next several years, David enjoyed a lifetime's worth of amazing activities. He served on the earliest teams that went to the Arctic Circle to build the Distant Early Warning Line. He was there the first day they started “scraping ice” – and the night one entire section of the camp burned.
Another time, he accompanied a geologist as half the team creating the first ever map of the Arctic Red River. The two spent the time in a pair of canoes lashed together, and encountered everything from raging waters to half-mad moose families and very hungry Grizzly bears.
Current
Dr. Webb died on October 1, 2016. Until that time he lived in Port St. Lucie, Florida, where he pressed for educational opportunities for members of under-served communities and worked towards improving the socio-economic status of individuals and families through the use of vocational and technical educational programs, micro financing and provisions for providing viable business opportunities in order to utilize the education that has been received by individuals, corporations and families.
Education
Returning to civilization in Calgary, David applied to, and was accepted at, McGill University in Montreal. He received his B.A. in Political Science in 1959, and his M.A. in International Relations in 1961. In 1971, he received a Ph.D from the University of Pittsburgh, where he was the first graduate of their new doctoral program in International and Development Education. His thesis topic reflected his deep interest in providing educational opportunities for people who may otherwise be under-served or completely neglected. In addition, he was able to use his passion for the space program as a link to other educational options.
Philanthropic and educational advancements
He served as the Director of Research and senior staff member of the J.W. McConnell Foundation, Montreal, a large philanthropic organization in Canada. Responsible for all grant evaluations at the local, regional, national and international level in the foundation's multimillion-dollar annual donations program. Grants were made to organizations globally across the whole spectrum of activity in the technological, educational, cultural, social, economic and health fields. Adequate evaluation required researching needs in each of these major areas, especially in the medical, aerospace, energy, computers, information sciences and environmental sectors. In reviewing 15-20 major requests each month, he learned much about the technical and political issues involved in these and other areas of social concern both nationally and internationally (1967-‘75).
“The Foundation Board of Directors encouraged my involvement in educational, environmental, technological and social issues at all levels,” he remembers. His additional activities included representing the Arctic Institute of North America as official delegate to the First United Nations Conference on the Environment held in Stockholm, Sweden, May 2–12, 1972. Under the direction of Maurice Strong (Director-General of the Conference) worked with Barbara Ward and Margaret Meade in organizing the non-governmental agencies' important contributions to this seminal event.
Environmental research
During his time in Canada, David Webb entered into a self-directed research program into the global need for sustainable development activities at the international level and of the technological advances required to aid in this process. This search led to an understanding of the possibilities remote sensing satellites offered for the better management of the Earth's resources then demonstrated by NASA's Landsat I satellite. Studying this issue led to the decision to move to Washington, D.C. in order to become involved in the space field (1976–77).
The aerospace industry
Special Advisor on Technical and Economic Issues to the Royal Commission of Inquiry
He was also appointed as Special Advisor on Technical and Economic Issues to the Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Provision of Education, Health and Social Services in the Province of Quebec (Castonguay-Nepveu Commission). The Commission played a strong role in the emergence of Quebec as a major player in Canada's advanced science and technological capabilities. This was especially applicable in the aerospace field, as demonstrated by such global entities as Bombardier Aerospace, CAE Simulation Division, Canadian Space Agency, Radarsat Canada and others, all of which are Quebec-based.
Founding Chairman and Trustee Emeritus of the International Space University
Dr. David Webb was also Founding Chairman and Trustee Emeritus of the International Space University. This institution offers ten-week intensive summer courses in a different country each year to 120 highly motivated recent graduate students from around the world. In 1995 it established a permanent campus in Strasbourg, France. Since 1996, It offers a master's degree in Space Studies on campus as well as the summer program elsewhere. ISU has 25 affiliated university members around the world (1986–present).
University of North Dakota
Webb was recruited by Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin to serve as founding full professor and chairman of the Department of Space Studies, Center for Aerospace Sciences, University of North Dakota. There, Webb created and established the world's first interdisciplinary graduate degree program in Space Studies. He recruited an eclectic founding faculty with Dick Parker handling space medicine and biology, Joanne Gabrynowitcz for space law and policy, Jim Vedda on space commercialization, and Grady Blount anchoring planetary geology and Earth System Science. The broadly based curriculum combines scientific/technical, political/legal, social/psychological and other relevant fields of study into an integrated approach to our understanding of the issues and impacts associated with our entry into space and our attempts to live in and develop this new frontier. After Webb's departure from UND in 1990, the program was taken over by selenologist Chuck Wood, who expanded the program into the first Internet-based degree program in space studies (1993). Space Studies remains one of the largest graduate programs in North Dakota and more than 400 students have completed this program and received their M.Sc. degree.
At UND, Webb and Blount created one of the first fully interdisciplinary Earth System Science programs in the United States. This incorporates, into a single field of study, the usually separate areas of atmospheric, earth and ocean sciences. This was in response to the then-speculative Earth Observing System of remote sensing satellites and integrated data systems. Blount went on to serve on the International Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems which defined many of the data formatting and calibration protocols for global environmental monitoring. The pair wrote an eight million dollar grant proposal to the U.S. Department of Agriculture which funded the construction and establishment of the Earth System Science Institute at UND (1988–89), now known as the Department of Earth System Science and Policy. Webb, Blount and Vedda hosted the first (and only) International Conference on Hypersonic Flight in the 21st Century (1988). Gabrynowitcz went on to found the National Land Remote Sensing Data Archive Advisory Committee and served as a pioneer in the creation of space law and policy, particularly in the area of satellite remote sensing.
UNISPACE and Senior Executive Space Forum
Dr. Webb served as Chairman, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) in Consultative Status with the United Nations Conference on the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, Vienna Austria, August 9–21, 1982 (UNISPACE 82). He organized a 12-day program with 120 speakers from around the world covering a broad range of topics incorporating most aspects of space exploration and development. Topics included: international satellite communications; technical issues associated with space exploration; energy from and in space from orbiting and lunar-based solar power satellites and free-flying power platforms; a global, U.N. owned and operated remote sensing satellite system that would provide both national security and environmental information to all nations. (1981–82).
During the early 1990s, Dr. David Webb served as Chairman of the Senior Executive Space Forum. The Forum is held contemporaneously with the Annual Conference of the U.S. Space Foundation in Colorado Springs. It brings together senior executives from the major aerospace corporations, Members of Congress, Chiefs of Staff, and military advisers of all three armed Services, Directors and senior researchers of the major Federal Research Laboratories and senior management representatives from NASA Headquarters and Centers. The purpose of the meeting is to discuss, openly and frankly, but off-the-record, the goals, objectives, technology development issues and problem areas associated with the U.S. space program.
Scientific and Engineering Council of the Universities Space Research Association
He also served from 1992 through 1996 as one of six members on the Scientific and Engineering Council of the Universities Space Research Association. USRA has 84 university members and works closely with the aerospace industry to outline future technology requirements and advise the federal government of these. In addition, USRA and its associated institutions (e.g., Lunar and Planetary Institute) play a leading role in the space education field and the disposition of government and corporate funds in the aerospace-related scientific and technical fields.
National Commission on Space
In 1985, he was appointed by President Ronald Reagan as a member of the National Commission on Space. The 15-member Commission was mandated by Congress to prepare a bold and visionary fifty-year space agenda for the United States. It included luminaries from many parts of the space program such as Dr. Buzz Aldrin, Neil Armstrong, and Chuck Yeager. Before issuing its final report, Pioneering the Space Frontier, the Commission held both public and specialized hearings throughout the nation, nine of which were hosted by Dr. David C Webb. The Commission Report was published by Bantam and had wide circulation
Personal awards and recognition
Lifetime Achievement Recognition from the International Space University/International Singularity University, 2009.
NASA/DOD, National Aero-Space Plane Program: "For Outstanding Vision of the Impact of Hypersonic Technologies on the World Economy and Support of the National Aero-Space Plane Program." (1990).
International Space University: "For Outstanding Dedication and Leadership of the International Space University During its Critical Launch Phase 1987-88." (1989).
First Frederick E. Osborn Award—International L5 Society: "For leadership in building an international pro-space movement." (1985)
Students for the Exploration and Development of Space (SEDS): First Arthur C. Clarke Award, "In recognition of outstanding personal contributions in education towards the peaceful uses of outer space." (1983). (Dr. David C. Webb was the recipient of the Award just before Carl Sagan)
Government of Canada, Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal: "In appreciation of worthy and devoted service." (1977).
References
External links
The Space Frontier Foundation
International Space University
Apollo 11 Anniversary at Space Frontier Foundation with tributes to Neal Armstrong
Universities Space Research Association
A Brief History of the involvement of David Webb with the ISU
The L5 Society and work with James Lovell of Apollo 13
Dr Webb at the University of North Dakota, Founder of the Space Studies Program Appointed on the recommendation of Buzz Aldrin
A report on Coronal Mass Ejections: An on-line review by Dr. David Webb on the NASA website
CDAW (Coordinated Data Analysis Workshop) with NASA in 2005
Declaration for Space by Dr. David C. Webb on the NASA Website
Work with the Space Studies Institute
Acknowledgment from NASA for work on the National Commission on Space (NCOS)
Presidential Commission of David C Webb from the President Reagan Historical Archives
Dr. Webb with SEDS
2016 deaths
1928 births | [
"David Charles Napier Webb (November 20, 1928 - October 1, 2016) was a consultant to government agencies, corporations, universities and nonprofit organizations on various aspects of aerospace development, technology, and education.",
"Government and corporate agencies include: DOD, DARPA, USAF, NASA, Rockwell International, McDonnell Douglas, SAIC, Rocketdyne, Space Services, General Space Corporation, Eagle Engineering, International Space Corporation, Aerospace Industries Association.",
"Universities include: Harvard, Stanford, MIT, Caltech, California, Texas, Georgetown, George Washington University, George Mason University, William & Mary, North Carolina, North Dakota, Florida, Central Florida, Embry-Riddle.",
"Non-profit organizations include: The Webb Vocational Institute, Florida and California Space Grant Consortia, Florida Space Research Foundation, Astronauts Memorial Foundation, Space Studies Institute, National Space Society, U.S. Space Foundation, Mid-West Space Development Corporation, others.",
"Activities include consulting to government agencies in national and international technological, economic and policy development issues; to corporations on space commercialization, space remote sensing, political and media issues; to universities on multidisciplinary space curricula development, information technology and 'virtual' program development and multi-university, cross-cultural program issues.",
"Prepared a number of studies, reports, memoranda and presentations on these and other specific requirements.",
"Developed a widespread network of contacts in the aerospace and high-technology arena in many areas and levels of activity, both nationally and internationally.",
"In the U.S. this includes the Office of Science and Technology Policy in the White House, Congressional Committees on Science, Technology and Space, NASA, DOD, USAF, FAA, JPL, Los Alamos Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, Stanford Research Institute, most major aerospace corporations and space organizations.",
"In Europe, ESA, CNES, and corporations such as Arianespace, DARA, British Aerospace.",
"In Japan, NASDA, ISAS and NAL in government, NEC and Shimizu corporations.",
"In Russia, the Moscow Aviation Institute, some cosmonauts and start-up industries.",
"Additional contacts in the United Nations both in the Outer Space Affairs Division and in the Environmental Program.",
"Early life and family\n\nDavid C Webb was born the fifth child and second son of Gordon and Cornelia Mary Webb at the family home, Curraghbawn, near Nenagh, in County Tipperary, Ireland on 20, November, 1928.",
"The Webb family had a passion for adventure, and David was no exception.",
"From the time he could toddle around, he wandered rural Ireland, rejoicing in imaginative games.",
"As a school boy, he excelled in all sports, setting records as a bowler in cricket, as a sprinter, and as a swimmer, among other sports.",
"David's father was a World War I fighter pilot, and his brother Patrick was a flier during World War II.",
"All three Webb sisters, Pamela, April, and Rosemary, also served during WWII.",
"David graduated from public school (Saint Columba's College, Dublin) just as the war was ending.",
"Although he shared his father and brother's passions for flight, the timing was against him – so many fliers just released from the military service meant that there was no call for trainees.",
"Partly because he was unable to take his passion for speed to the sky, David found another outlet.",
"He became a highly competitive motorcycle racer.",
"He was good enough at the sport to be offered a chance to “go pro”.",
"Simultaneously, he went to work for Avery Scales, a multinational company in Dublin, where he was a rising star.",
"Both those careers were left behind when he and a group of friends decided to build a boat, sail across the Atlantic Ocean, through the Panama Canal, and out to the South Pacific.",
"“We wanted to see those beautiful girls in Samoa,” he recalls.",
"The expedition was organized by famed sailor Tony Jacobs.",
"The group of young men pooled their resources, bought a hull, and spent months building the boat they dubbed the Aisling – Irish Gaelic for great dreams.",
"On May 2, 1952, David, Tony and their companions – Anthony Blythe and brothers Fionn and Christopher Darby – sailed from Galway Bay, Newspaper articles at the time made many references to the successful young businessman, David Webb, who had given it all up to sail the world.",
"Several months and many exciting ... and frightening moments later, the Aisling and her crew arrived in Puerto Rico, where the American Coast Guard put a halt to their big plans.",
"They never got through the Panama Canal or into the South Pacific.",
"Coast Guard personnel hauled the Aisling out of the water and showed them that the hull was being consumed by parasites.",
"Their rudder was very nearly torn from the boat!",
"David stayed in Puerto Rico briefly, but was offered the chance to set up a lobster business on Antigua, and accepted.",
"It took the Antiguan locals a while to accept that the lanky Irishman could hold his own as a lobster fisherman.",
"They dove without any gear, often to a depth of 40 feet, to pull the lobsters off the ocean floor.",
"As they saw he could go to the depths with them, however, they accepted him.",
"David spent about a year on Antigua, then hitched a ride aboard a 21-foot sailboat on its way to Canada.",
"Careers\n\n“A Calgary businessman I met in Antigua told me that if I could get to his office in Canada by a certain date, he would guarantee me a job,” David recalls.",
"He walked in on the very date, and went to work immediately, driving “big rigs” over the icy Canadian highways.",
"During the next several years, David enjoyed a lifetime's worth of amazing activities.",
"He served on the earliest teams that went to the Arctic Circle to build the Distant Early Warning Line.",
"He was there the first day they started “scraping ice” – and the night one entire section of the camp burned.",
"Another time, he accompanied a geologist as half the team creating the first ever map of the Arctic Red River.",
"The two spent the time in a pair of canoes lashed together, and encountered everything from raging waters to half-mad moose families and very hungry Grizzly bears.",
"Current\nDr. Webb died on October 1, 2016.",
"Until that time he lived in Port St. Lucie, Florida, where he pressed for educational opportunities for members of under-served communities and worked towards improving the socio-economic status of individuals and families through the use of vocational and technical educational programs, micro financing and provisions for providing viable business opportunities in order to utilize the education that has been received by individuals, corporations and families.",
"Education\n\nReturning to civilization in Calgary, David applied to, and was accepted at, McGill University in Montreal.",
"He received his B.A.",
"in Political Science in 1959, and his M.A.",
"in International Relations in 1961.",
"In 1971, he received a Ph.D from the University of Pittsburgh, where he was the first graduate of their new doctoral program in International and Development Education.",
"His thesis topic reflected his deep interest in providing educational opportunities for people who may otherwise be under-served or completely neglected.",
"In addition, he was able to use his passion for the space program as a link to other educational options.",
"Philanthropic and educational advancements\n\nHe served as the Director of Research and senior staff member of the J.W.",
"McConnell Foundation, Montreal, a large philanthropic organization in Canada.",
"Responsible for all grant evaluations at the local, regional, national and international level in the foundation's multimillion-dollar annual donations program.",
"Grants were made to organizations globally across the whole spectrum of activity in the technological, educational, cultural, social, economic and health fields.",
"Adequate evaluation required researching needs in each of these major areas, especially in the medical, aerospace, energy, computers, information sciences and environmental sectors.",
"In reviewing 15-20 major requests each month, he learned much about the technical and political issues involved in these and other areas of social concern both nationally and internationally (1967-‘75).",
"“The Foundation Board of Directors encouraged my involvement in educational, environmental, technological and social issues at all levels,” he remembers.",
"His additional activities included representing the Arctic Institute of North America as official delegate to the First United Nations Conference on the Environment held in Stockholm, Sweden, May 2–12, 1972.",
"Under the direction of Maurice Strong (Director-General of the Conference) worked with Barbara Ward and Margaret Meade in organizing the non-governmental agencies' important contributions to this seminal event.",
"Environmental research\n\nDuring his time in Canada, David Webb entered into a self-directed research program into the global need for sustainable development activities at the international level and of the technological advances required to aid in this process.",
"This search led to an understanding of the possibilities remote sensing satellites offered for the better management of the Earth's resources then demonstrated by NASA's Landsat I satellite.",
"Studying this issue led to the decision to move to Washington, D.C. in order to become involved in the space field (1976–77).",
"The aerospace industry\n\nSpecial Advisor on Technical and Economic Issues to the Royal Commission of Inquiry\n\nHe was also appointed as Special Advisor on Technical and Economic Issues to the Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Provision of Education, Health and Social Services in the Province of Quebec (Castonguay-Nepveu Commission).",
"The Commission played a strong role in the emergence of Quebec as a major player in Canada's advanced science and technological capabilities.",
"This was especially applicable in the aerospace field, as demonstrated by such global entities as Bombardier Aerospace, CAE Simulation Division, Canadian Space Agency, Radarsat Canada and others, all of which are Quebec-based.",
"Founding Chairman and Trustee Emeritus of the International Space University\n\nDr. David Webb was also Founding Chairman and Trustee Emeritus of the International Space University.",
"This institution offers ten-week intensive summer courses in a different country each year to 120 highly motivated recent graduate students from around the world.",
"In 1995 it established a permanent campus in Strasbourg, France.",
"Since 1996, It offers a master's degree in Space Studies on campus as well as the summer program elsewhere.",
"ISU has 25 affiliated university members around the world (1986–present).",
"University of North Dakota\n\nWebb was recruited by Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin to serve as founding full professor and chairman of the Department of Space Studies, Center for Aerospace Sciences, University of North Dakota.",
"There, Webb created and established the world's first interdisciplinary graduate degree program in Space Studies.",
"He recruited an eclectic founding faculty with Dick Parker handling space medicine and biology, Joanne Gabrynowitcz for space law and policy, Jim Vedda on space commercialization, and Grady Blount anchoring planetary geology and Earth System Science.",
"The broadly based curriculum combines scientific/technical, political/legal, social/psychological and other relevant fields of study into an integrated approach to our understanding of the issues and impacts associated with our entry into space and our attempts to live in and develop this new frontier.",
"After Webb's departure from UND in 1990, the program was taken over by selenologist Chuck Wood, who expanded the program into the first Internet-based degree program in space studies (1993).",
"Space Studies remains one of the largest graduate programs in North Dakota and more than 400 students have completed this program and received their M.Sc.",
"degree.",
"At UND, Webb and Blount created one of the first fully interdisciplinary Earth System Science programs in the United States.",
"This incorporates, into a single field of study, the usually separate areas of atmospheric, earth and ocean sciences.",
"This was in response to the then-speculative Earth Observing System of remote sensing satellites and integrated data systems.",
"Blount went on to serve on the International Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems which defined many of the data formatting and calibration protocols for global environmental monitoring.",
"The pair wrote an eight million dollar grant proposal to the U.S. Department of Agriculture which funded the construction and establishment of the Earth System Science Institute at UND (1988–89), now known as the Department of Earth System Science and Policy.",
"Webb, Blount and Vedda hosted the first (and only) International Conference on Hypersonic Flight in the 21st Century (1988).",
"Gabrynowitcz went on to found the National Land Remote Sensing Data Archive Advisory Committee and served as a pioneer in the creation of space law and policy, particularly in the area of satellite remote sensing.",
"UNISPACE and Senior Executive Space Forum\nDr. Webb served as Chairman, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) in Consultative Status with the United Nations Conference on the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, Vienna Austria, August 9–21, 1982 (UNISPACE 82).",
"He organized a 12-day program with 120 speakers from around the world covering a broad range of topics incorporating most aspects of space exploration and development.",
"Topics included: international satellite communications; technical issues associated with space exploration; energy from and in space from orbiting and lunar-based solar power satellites and free-flying power platforms; a global, U.N. owned and operated remote sensing satellite system that would provide both national security and environmental information to all nations.",
"(1981–82).",
"During the early 1990s, Dr. David Webb served as Chairman of the Senior Executive Space Forum.",
"The Forum is held contemporaneously with the Annual Conference of the U.S. Space Foundation in Colorado Springs.",
"It brings together senior executives from the major aerospace corporations, Members of Congress, Chiefs of Staff, and military advisers of all three armed Services, Directors and senior researchers of the major Federal Research Laboratories and senior management representatives from NASA Headquarters and Centers.",
"The purpose of the meeting is to discuss, openly and frankly, but off-the-record, the goals, objectives, technology development issues and problem areas associated with the U.S. space program.",
"Scientific and Engineering Council of the Universities Space Research Association\n\nHe also served from 1992 through 1996 as one of six members on the Scientific and Engineering Council of the Universities Space Research Association.",
"USRA has 84 university members and works closely with the aerospace industry to outline future technology requirements and advise the federal government of these.",
"In addition, USRA and its associated institutions (e.g., Lunar and Planetary Institute) play a leading role in the space education field and the disposition of government and corporate funds in the aerospace-related scientific and technical fields.",
"National Commission on Space\n\nIn 1985, he was appointed by President Ronald Reagan as a member of the National Commission on Space.",
"The 15-member Commission was mandated by Congress to prepare a bold and visionary fifty-year space agenda for the United States.",
"It included luminaries from many parts of the space program such as Dr. Buzz Aldrin, Neil Armstrong, and Chuck Yeager.",
"Before issuing its final report, Pioneering the Space Frontier, the Commission held both public and specialized hearings throughout the nation, nine of which were hosted by Dr. David C Webb.",
"The Commission Report was published by Bantam and had wide circulation\n\nPersonal awards and recognition\n\nLifetime Achievement Recognition from the International Space University/International Singularity University, 2009.",
"NASA/DOD, National Aero-Space Plane Program: \"For Outstanding Vision of the Impact of Hypersonic Technologies on the World Economy and Support of the National Aero-Space Plane Program.\"",
"(1990).",
"International Space University: \"For Outstanding Dedication and Leadership of the International Space University During its Critical Launch Phase 1987-88.\"",
"(1989).",
"First Frederick E. Osborn Award—International L5 Society: \"For leadership in building an international pro-space movement.\"",
"(1985)\nStudents for the Exploration and Development of Space (SEDS): First Arthur C. Clarke Award, \"In recognition of outstanding personal contributions in education towards the peaceful uses of outer space.\"",
"(1983).",
"(Dr. David C. Webb was the recipient of the Award just before Carl Sagan)\nGovernment of Canada, Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal: \"In appreciation of worthy and devoted service.\"",
"(1977).",
"References\n\nExternal links\n The Space Frontier Foundation\n International Space University\n Apollo 11 Anniversary at Space Frontier Foundation with tributes to Neal Armstrong\n Universities Space Research Association\n A Brief History of the involvement of David Webb with the ISU\n The L5 Society and work with James Lovell of Apollo 13\n Dr Webb at the University of North Dakota, Founder of the Space Studies Program Appointed on the recommendation of Buzz Aldrin\n A report on Coronal Mass Ejections: An on-line review by Dr. David Webb on the NASA website\n CDAW (Coordinated Data Analysis Workshop) with NASA in 2005\n Declaration for Space by Dr. David C. Webb on the NASA Website\n Work with the Space Studies Institute\n Acknowledgment from NASA for work on the National Commission on Space (NCOS)\n Presidential Commission of David C Webb from the President Reagan Historical Archives\n Dr. Webb with SEDS\n\n2016 deaths\n1928 births"
] | [
"He was a consultant to government agencies, corporations, universities and nonprofits on various aspects of education and technology.",
"The Department of Defense, the US Air Force, the General Space Corporation, and the International Space Corporation are some of the government and corporate agencies.",
"Harvard, MIT, Caltech, California, Texas, Georgetown, George Washington University, William & Mary, North Carolina, North Dakota, Florida, Central Florida and Embry-Riddle are universities.",
"The Florida Space Research Foundation is one of the non-profit organizations.",
"The activities include consulting to government agencies in national and international technological, economic and policy development issues, as well as to corporations on space commercialization, space remote sensing, political and media issues.",
"A number of studies, reports, memos and presentations were prepared.",
"A widespread network of contacts in the high-tech arena, both nationally and internationally, was developed.",
"The Office of Science and Technology Policy in the White House is one of many.",
"Corporations such as Arianespace and British Aerospace are located in Europe.",
"In Japan, ISAS and NAL are in the government.",
"The Moscow Aviation Institute is in Russia.",
"There are more contacts in the Outer Space Affairs Division of the United Nations.",
"The fifth child and second son of Gordon and Cornelia Mary Webb were born at the family home in County Tipperary, Ireland on November 20, 1928.",
"David was no exception to the family's passion for adventure.",
"He spent his time in rural Ireland rejoicing in imaginative games.",
"He excelled in all sports as a school boy, setting records as a bowler in cricket, as a sprinter, and as a swimmer.",
"David's father was a pilot in World War I and his brother was a pilot in World War II.",
"Pamela, April, and Rosemary all served during the war.",
"David graduated from public school at the end of the war.",
"He shared his father and brother's passion for flight, but the timing was against him because so many people just left the military.",
"David found another outlet because he wasn't able to take his passion for speed to the sky.",
"He was a highly competitive motorcycle racer.",
"He was offered a chance to go pro.",
"He went to work for a multinational company in Dublin, where he was a rising star.",
"He and a group of friends decided to build a boat and sail across the Atlantic Ocean, through the Panama Canal, and out to the South Pacific.",
"He wanted to see those girls.",
"Tony Jacobs organized the expedition.",
"The group of young men pooled their resources, bought a hull, and spent months building the boat they dubbed the Aisling for great dreams.",
"On May 2, 1952, David, Tony, Anthony, and brothers Fionn and Christopher sailed from Galway Bay, with many references to the successful young businessman, David Webb, who had given it all up to sail the world.",
"The Aisling and her crew arrived in Puerto Rico, where the American Coast Guard put a halt to their big plans.",
"They didn't get through the Panama Canal or into the South Pacific.",
"The hull of the Aisling was taken out of the water by the Coast Guard.",
"The rudder was almost torn from the boat.",
"David was offered the chance to set up a lobster business on Antigua, but he stayed in Puerto Rico.",
"It took the Antiguan locals a while to accept that the tall Irishman could be a lobster fisherman.",
"They dove without any gear, often to a depth of 40 feet, to pull the lobsters off the ocean floor.",
"They accepted him as they saw that he could go to the depths with them.",
"After spending a year on Antigua, David hitched a ride on a 21-foot sailboat on its way to Canada.",
"David was promised a job if he could get to his office in Canada by a certain date.",
"He went to work immediately after walking in, driving big rigs over the icy Canadian highways.",
"David had a lot of amazing activities over the next several years.",
"He was a member of the teams that built the Early Warning Line.",
"One section of the camp burned after they started \"scraping ice\" on the first day.",
"He was a part of the team that created the first map of the Red River.",
"The two spent time in a pair of canoes lashed together, and encountered everything from raging waters to half-mad moose families.",
"The current doctor died on October 1st.",
"He lived in Florida where he pressed for educational opportunities for members of under-served communities and worked towards improving the socio-economic status of individuals and families through the use of micro financing and provisions for providing viable business opportunities.",
"David applied to and was accepted to the University of Montreal.",
"He received a degree.",
"His M.A. was in Political Science in 1959.",
"In International Relations in 1961.",
"He received a PhD in International and Development Education from the University of Pittsburgh in 1971.",
"His thesis topic was about providing educational opportunities for people who may be under-served or completely neglected.",
"He was able to use his passion for the space program as a link to other educational options.",
"He was the Director of Research and a senior staff member of the J.W.",
"The McConnell Foundation is in Canada.",
"In the foundation's multimillion-dollar annual donations program, responsible for all grant evaluations at the local, regional, national and international level.",
"Grants were given to organizations in the technological, educational, cultural, social, economic and health fields.",
"Adequate evaluation is needed in each of the major areas, especially in the medical, energy, computers, information sciences and environmental sectors.",
"He learned a lot about the technical and political issues involved in these and other areas of social concern when he reviewed 15-20 major requests each month.",
"He remembers that the Foundation Board of Directors encouraged his involvement in educational, environmental, technological and social issues.",
"He was an official delegate to the First United Nations Conference on the Environment held in Sweden in 1972.",
"The non-governmental agencies' important contributions to this seminal event were organized by the Director-General of the Conference under the direction of Maurice Strong.",
"During his time in Canada, David Webb entered into a self-directed research program into the global need for sustainable development activities at the international level and of the technological advances required to aid in this process.",
"NASA's Landsat I satellite demonstrated the possibilities of remote sensing satellites for better management of the Earth's resources.",
"In order to become involved in the space field, the decision was made to move to Washington, D.C.",
"He was appointed as Special Advisor on Technical and Economic Issues to the Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Provision of Education, Health and Social Services in the Province of Quebec.",
"The emergence of Quebec as a major player in Canada's advanced science and technological capabilities was aided by the Commission.",
"The applicability of this was demonstrated by such global entities as Bombardier Aerospace, CAE Simulation Division, Canadian Space Agency, Radarsat Canada and others, all of which are Quebec-based.",
"The International Space University had a founding Chairman and Trustee who was also a Trustee.",
"120 highly motivated recent graduate students from around the world attend ten-week intensive summer courses in a different country each year.",
"In 1995 it established a permanent campus in Strasbourg.",
"Since 1996, it has offered a master's degree in Space Studies.",
"ISU has 25 affiliated university members around the world.",
"The University of North Dakota was recruited by Buzz Aldrin to be the founding full professor and chairman of the Department of Space Studies.",
"The world's first interdisciplinary graduate degree program in Space Studies was established there.",
"He recruited an eclectic founding faculty with Dick Parker handling space medicine and biology, JoAnn Gabrynowitcz for space law and policy, Jim Vedda on space commercialization, and Grady Blount anchoring planetary geology and Earth System Science.",
"The broadly based curriculum combines scientific/technical, political/legal, social/psychological and other relevant fields of study into an integrated approach to our understanding of the issues and impacts associated with our entry into space and our attempts to live in and develop this new frontier.",
"Chuck Wood expanded the program into the first Internet-based degree program in space studies in 1993.",
"More than 400 students have completed the Space Studies program in North Dakota, which is one of the largest graduate programs in the state.",
"A degree.",
"One of the first Earth System Science programs in the United States was created at UND.",
"The atmospheric, earth and ocean sciences are usually separate areas of study.",
"This was in response to the Earth observing system.",
"The International Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems defined many of the data formatting and calibration protocols for global environmental monitoring.",
"The Earth System Science Institute at UND was funded by an eight million dollar grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture.",
"The first International Conference on Hypersonic Flight in the 21st Century was hosted by Vedda.",
"Gabrynowitcz was a pioneer in the creation of space law and policy when he founded the National Land Remote Sensing Data Archive Advisory Committee.",
"The United Nations Conference on the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space was held in Vienna Austria in 1982.",
"A 12-day program with 120 speakers from around the world covering a broad range of topics incorporating most aspects of space exploration and development was organized by him.",
"The topics included were international satellite communications, technical issues associated with space exploration, energy from and in space from orbiting and lunar-based solar power satellites and free-flying power platforms, and a global, U.N. owned and operated remote sensing satellite system that would provide both national security and",
"The year 1981",
"The Senior Executive Space Forum had a Chairman in the early 1990s.",
"The Annual Conference of the U.S. Space Foundation is in Colorado Springs.",
"It brings together senior executives from the major aerospace corporations, Members of Congress, Chiefs of Staff, and military advisers of all three armed Services, Directors and senior researchers of the major Federal Research Laboratories and senior management representatives from NASA Headquarters and Centers.",
"The purpose of the meeting is to discuss, openly and frankly, but off-the-record, the goals, objectives, technology development issues and problem areas associated with the U.S. space program.",
"He was a member of the Scientific and Engineering Council of the Universities Space Research Association from 1992 to 1996.",
"The USRA works closely with the aerospace industry to outline future technology requirements and advise the federal government of these.",
"In addition, USRA and its associated institutions play a leading role in the space education field and the disposition of government and corporate funds.",
"President Ronald Reagan appointed him to the National Commission on Space in 1985.",
"Congress mandated the Commission to prepare a bold and visionary fifty-year space agenda for the United States.",
"It included people from the space program such as Dr. Buzz Aldrin.",
"The Commission held public and specialized hearings throughout the nation before issuing its final report, Pioneering the Space Frontier.",
"The commission report had personal awards and recognition from the International Space University/International Singularity University.",
"NASA/DOD, National Aero-Space Plane Program: \"For Outstanding Vision of the Impact of Hypersonic Technologies on the World Economy and Support of the National Aero-Space Plane Program.\"",
"The year 1990.",
"\"For Outstanding Dedication and Leadership of the International Space University\"",
"The year 1989.",
"The International L5 Society received the first Frederick E. Osborn Award.",
"\"In recognition of outstanding personal contributions in education towards the peaceful uses of outer space, the first Arthur C. Clarke Award was given to students for the Exploration and Development of Space.\"",
"The year 1983.",
"The Government of Canada presented the Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee medal to Dr. David C. Webb.",
"The movie was released in 1977.",
"The International Space University Apollo 11 Anniversary at Space Frontier Foundation has links to the University of North Dakota and the L5 Society."
] | <mask> (November 20, 1928 - October 1, 2016) was a consultant to government agencies, corporations, universities and nonprofit organizations on various aspects of aerospace development, technology, and education. Government and corporate agencies include: DOD, DARPA, USAF, NASA, Rockwell International, McDonnell Douglas, SAIC, Rocketdyne, Space Services, General Space Corporation, Eagle Engineering, International Space Corporation, Aerospace Industries Association. Universities include: Harvard, Stanford, MIT, Caltech, California, Texas, Georgetown, George Washington University, George Mason University, William & Mary, North Carolina, North Dakota, Florida, Central Florida, Embry-Riddle. Non-profit organizations include: The Webb Vocational Institute, Florida and California Space Grant Consortia, Florida Space Research Foundation, Astronauts Memorial Foundation, Space Studies Institute, National Space Society, U.S. Space Foundation, Mid-West Space Development Corporation, others. Activities include consulting to government agencies in national and international technological, economic and policy development issues; to corporations on space commercialization, space remote sensing, political and media issues; to universities on multidisciplinary space curricula development, information technology and 'virtual' program development and multi-university, cross-cultural program issues. Prepared a number of studies, reports, memoranda and presentations on these and other specific requirements. Developed a widespread network of contacts in the aerospace and high-technology arena in many areas and levels of activity, both nationally and internationally.In the U.S. this includes the Office of Science and Technology Policy in the White House, Congressional Committees on Science, Technology and Space, NASA, DOD, USAF, FAA, JPL, Los Alamos Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, Stanford Research Institute, most major aerospace corporations and space organizations. In Europe, ESA, CNES, and corporations such as Arianespace, DARA, British Aerospace. In Japan, NASDA, ISAS and NAL in government, NEC and Shimizu corporations. In Russia, the Moscow Aviation Institute, some cosmonauts and start-up industries. Additional contacts in the United Nations both in the Outer Space Affairs Division and in the Environmental Program. Early life and family
<mask> <mask> was born the fifth child and second son of Gordon and <mask> <mask> at the family home, Curraghbawn, near Nenagh, in County Tipperary, Ireland on 20, November, 1928. The <mask> family had a passion for adventure, and <mask> was no exception.From the time he could toddle around, he wandered rural Ireland, rejoicing in imaginative games. As a school boy, he excelled in all sports, setting records as a bowler in cricket, as a sprinter, and as a swimmer, among other sports. <mask>'s father was a World War I fighter pilot, and his brother Patrick was a flier during World War II. All three <mask> sisters, Pamela, April, and Rosemary, also served during WWII. <mask> graduated from public school (Saint Columba's College, Dublin) just as the war was ending. Although he shared his father and brother's passions for flight, the timing was against him – so many fliers just released from the military service meant that there was no call for trainees. Partly because he was unable to take his passion for speed to the sky, <mask> found another outlet.He became a highly competitive motorcycle racer. He was good enough at the sport to be offered a chance to “go pro”. Simultaneously, he went to work for Avery Scales, a multinational company in Dublin, where he was a rising star. Both those careers were left behind when he and a group of friends decided to build a boat, sail across the Atlantic Ocean, through the Panama Canal, and out to the South Pacific. “We wanted to see those beautiful girls in Samoa,” he recalls. The expedition was organized by famed sailor Tony Jacobs. The group of young men pooled their resources, bought a hull, and spent months building the boat they dubbed the Aisling – Irish Gaelic for great dreams.On May 2, 1952, <mask>, Tony and their companions – Anthony Blythe and brothers Fionn and <mask> – sailed from Galway Bay, Newspaper articles at the time made many references to the successful young businessman, <mask>, who had given it all up to sail the world. Several months and many exciting ... and frightening moments later, the Aisling and her crew arrived in Puerto Rico, where the American Coast Guard put a halt to their big plans. They never got through the Panama Canal or into the South Pacific. Coast Guard personnel hauled the Aisling out of the water and showed them that the hull was being consumed by parasites. Their rudder was very nearly torn from the boat! <mask> stayed in Puerto Rico briefly, but was offered the chance to set up a lobster business on Antigua, and accepted. It took the Antiguan locals a while to accept that the lanky Irishman could hold his own as a lobster fisherman.They dove without any gear, often to a depth of 40 feet, to pull the lobsters off the ocean floor. As they saw he could go to the depths with them, however, they accepted him. <mask> spent about a year on Antigua, then hitched a ride aboard a 21-foot sailboat on its way to Canada. Careers
“A Calgary businessman I met in Antigua told me that if I could get to his office in Canada by a certain date, he would guarantee me a job,” <mask> recalls. He walked in on the very date, and went to work immediately, driving “big rigs” over the icy Canadian highways. During the next several years, <mask> enjoyed a lifetime's worth of amazing activities. He served on the earliest teams that went to the Arctic Circle to build the Distant Early Warning Line.He was there the first day they started “scraping ice” – and the night one entire section of the camp burned. Another time, he accompanied a geologist as half the team creating the first ever map of the Arctic Red River. The two spent the time in a pair of canoes lashed together, and encountered everything from raging waters to half-mad moose families and very hungry Grizzly bears. Current
Dr<mask> died on October 1, 2016. Until that time he lived in Port St. Lucie, Florida, where he pressed for educational opportunities for members of under-served communities and worked towards improving the socio-economic status of individuals and families through the use of vocational and technical educational programs, micro financing and provisions for providing viable business opportunities in order to utilize the education that has been received by individuals, corporations and families. Education
Returning to civilization in Calgary, <mask> applied to, and was accepted at, McGill University in Montreal. He received his B.A.in Political Science in 1959, and his M.A. in International Relations in 1961. In 1971, he received a Ph.D from the University of Pittsburgh, where he was the first graduate of their new doctoral program in International and Development Education. His thesis topic reflected his deep interest in providing educational opportunities for people who may otherwise be under-served or completely neglected. In addition, he was able to use his passion for the space program as a link to other educational options. Philanthropic and educational advancements
He served as the Director of Research and senior staff member of the J.W. McConnell Foundation, Montreal, a large philanthropic organization in Canada.Responsible for all grant evaluations at the local, regional, national and international level in the foundation's multimillion-dollar annual donations program. Grants were made to organizations globally across the whole spectrum of activity in the technological, educational, cultural, social, economic and health fields. Adequate evaluation required researching needs in each of these major areas, especially in the medical, aerospace, energy, computers, information sciences and environmental sectors. In reviewing 15-20 major requests each month, he learned much about the technical and political issues involved in these and other areas of social concern both nationally and internationally (1967-‘75). “The Foundation Board of Directors encouraged my involvement in educational, environmental, technological and social issues at all levels,” he remembers. His additional activities included representing the Arctic Institute of North America as official delegate to the First United Nations Conference on the Environment held in Stockholm, Sweden, May 2–12, 1972. Under the direction of Maurice Strong (Director-General of the Conference) worked with Barbara Ward and Margaret Meade in organizing the non-governmental agencies' important contributions to this seminal event.Environmental research
During his time in Canada, <mask> entered into a self-directed research program into the global need for sustainable development activities at the international level and of the technological advances required to aid in this process. This search led to an understanding of the possibilities remote sensing satellites offered for the better management of the Earth's resources then demonstrated by NASA's Landsat I satellite. Studying this issue led to the decision to move to Washington, D.C. in order to become involved in the space field (1976–77). The aerospace industry
Special Advisor on Technical and Economic Issues to the Royal Commission of Inquiry
He was also appointed as Special Advisor on Technical and Economic Issues to the Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Provision of Education, Health and Social Services in the Province of Quebec (Castonguay-Nepveu Commission). The Commission played a strong role in the emergence of Quebec as a major player in Canada's advanced science and technological capabilities. This was especially applicable in the aerospace field, as demonstrated by such global entities as Bombardier Aerospace, CAE Simulation Division, Canadian Space Agency, Radarsat Canada and others, all of which are Quebec-based. Founding Chairman and Trustee Emeritus of the International Space University
Dr. <mask> was also Founding Chairman and Trustee Emeritus of the International Space University.This institution offers ten-week intensive summer courses in a different country each year to 120 highly motivated recent graduate students from around the world. In 1995 it established a permanent campus in Strasbourg, France. Since 1996, It offers a master's degree in Space Studies on campus as well as the summer program elsewhere. ISU has 25 affiliated university members around the world (1986–present). University of North Dakota
<mask> was recruited by Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin to serve as founding full professor and chairman of the Department of Space Studies, Center for Aerospace Sciences, University of North Dakota. There, <mask> created and established the world's first interdisciplinary graduate degree program in Space Studies. He recruited an eclectic founding faculty with Dick Parker handling space medicine and biology, Joanne Gabrynowitcz for space law and policy, Jim Vedda on space commercialization, and Grady Blount anchoring planetary geology and Earth System Science.The broadly based curriculum combines scientific/technical, political/legal, social/psychological and other relevant fields of study into an integrated approach to our understanding of the issues and impacts associated with our entry into space and our attempts to live in and develop this new frontier. After <mask>'s departure from UND in 1990, the program was taken over by selenologist <mask>, who expanded the program into the first Internet-based degree program in space studies (1993). Space Studies remains one of the largest graduate programs in North Dakota and more than 400 students have completed this program and received their M.Sc. degree. At UND, <mask> and Blount created one of the first fully interdisciplinary Earth System Science programs in the United States. This incorporates, into a single field of study, the usually separate areas of atmospheric, earth and ocean sciences. This was in response to the then-speculative Earth Observing System of remote sensing satellites and integrated data systems.Blount went on to serve on the International Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems which defined many of the data formatting and calibration protocols for global environmental monitoring. The pair wrote an eight million dollar grant proposal to the U.S. Department of Agriculture which funded the construction and establishment of the Earth System Science Institute at UND (1988–89), now known as the Department of Earth System Science and Policy. <mask>, Blount and Vedda hosted the first (and only) International Conference on Hypersonic Flight in the 21st Century (1988). Gabrynowitcz went on to found the National Land Remote Sensing Data Archive Advisory Committee and served as a pioneer in the creation of space law and policy, particularly in the area of satellite remote sensing. UNISPACE and Senior Executive Space Forum
Dr<mask> served as Chairman, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) in Consultative Status with the United Nations Conference on the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, Vienna Austria, August 9–21, 1982 (UNISPACE 82). He organized a 12-day program with 120 speakers from around the world covering a broad range of topics incorporating most aspects of space exploration and development. Topics included: international satellite communications; technical issues associated with space exploration; energy from and in space from orbiting and lunar-based solar power satellites and free-flying power platforms; a global, U.N. owned and operated remote sensing satellite system that would provide both national security and environmental information to all nations.(1981–82). During the early 1990s, Dr. <mask> served as Chairman of the Senior Executive Space Forum. The Forum is held contemporaneously with the Annual Conference of the U.S. Space Foundation in Colorado Springs. It brings together senior executives from the major aerospace corporations, Members of Congress, Chiefs of Staff, and military advisers of all three armed Services, Directors and senior researchers of the major Federal Research Laboratories and senior management representatives from NASA Headquarters and Centers. The purpose of the meeting is to discuss, openly and frankly, but off-the-record, the goals, objectives, technology development issues and problem areas associated with the U.S. space program. Scientific and Engineering Council of the Universities Space Research Association
He also served from 1992 through 1996 as one of six members on the Scientific and Engineering Council of the Universities Space Research Association. USRA has 84 university members and works closely with the aerospace industry to outline future technology requirements and advise the federal government of these.In addition, USRA and its associated institutions (e.g., Lunar and Planetary Institute) play a leading role in the space education field and the disposition of government and corporate funds in the aerospace-related scientific and technical fields. National Commission on Space
In 1985, he was appointed by President Ronald Reagan as a member of the National Commission on Space. The 15-member Commission was mandated by Congress to prepare a bold and visionary fifty-year space agenda for the United States. It included luminaries from many parts of the space program such as Dr. Buzz Aldrin, Neil Armstrong, and <mask>. Before issuing its final report, Pioneering the Space Frontier, the Commission held both public and specialized hearings throughout the nation, nine of which were hosted by Dr. <mask> <mask>. The Commission Report was published by Bantam and had wide circulation
Personal awards and recognition
Lifetime Achievement Recognition from the International Space University/International Singularity University, 2009. NASA/DOD, National Aero-Space Plane Program: "For Outstanding Vision of the Impact of Hypersonic Technologies on the World Economy and Support of the National Aero-Space Plane Program."(1990). International Space University: "For Outstanding Dedication and Leadership of the International Space University During its Critical Launch Phase 1987-88." (1989). First Frederick E. Osborn Award—International L5 Society: "For leadership in building an international pro-space movement." (1985)
Students for the Exploration and Development of Space (SEDS): First Arthur C. Clarke Award, "In recognition of outstanding personal contributions in education towards the peaceful uses of outer space." (1983). (Dr. <mask><mask> was the recipient of the Award just before <mask>n)
Government of Canada, Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal: "In appreciation of worthy and devoted service."(1977). References
External links
The Space Frontier Foundation
International Space University
Apollo 11 Anniversary at Space Frontier Foundation with tributes to Neal Armstrong
Universities Space Research Association
A Brief History of the involvement of <mask> with the ISU
The L5 Society and work with James Lovell of Apollo 13
Dr <mask> at the University of North Dakota, Founder of the Space Studies Program Appointed on the recommendation of Buzz Aldrin
A report on Coronal Mass Ejections: An on-line review by Dr. <mask> on the NASA website
CDAW (Coordinated Data Analysis Workshop) with NASA in 2005
Declaration for Space by Dr. <mask><mask> on the NASA Website
Work with the Space Studies Institute
Acknowledgment from NASA for work on the National Commission on Space (NCOS)
Presidential Commission of David <mask> from the President Reagan Historical Archives
Dr<mask> with SEDS
2016 deaths
1928 births | [
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] | He was a consultant to government agencies, corporations, universities and nonprofits on various aspects of education and technology. The Department of Defense, the US Air Force, the General Space Corporation, and the International Space Corporation are some of the government and corporate agencies. Harvard, MIT, Caltech, California, Texas, Georgetown, George Washington University, William & Mary, North Carolina, North Dakota, Florida, Central Florida and Embry-Riddle are universities. The Florida Space Research Foundation is one of the non-profit organizations. The activities include consulting to government agencies in national and international technological, economic and policy development issues, as well as to corporations on space commercialization, space remote sensing, political and media issues. A number of studies, reports, memos and presentations were prepared. A widespread network of contacts in the high-tech arena, both nationally and internationally, was developed.The Office of Science and Technology Policy in the White House is one of many. Corporations such as Arianespace and British Aerospace are located in Europe. In Japan, ISAS and NAL are in the government. The Moscow Aviation Institute is in Russia. There are more contacts in the Outer Space Affairs Division of the United Nations. The fifth child and second son of Gordon and <mask> <mask> were born at the family home in County Tipperary, Ireland on November 20, 1928. <mask> was no exception to the family's passion for adventure.He spent his time in rural Ireland rejoicing in imaginative games. He excelled in all sports as a school boy, setting records as a bowler in cricket, as a sprinter, and as a swimmer. <mask>'s father was a pilot in World War I and his brother was a pilot in World War II. Pamela, April, and Rosemary all served during the war. <mask> graduated from public school at the end of the war. He shared his father and brother's passion for flight, but the timing was against him because so many people just left the military. <mask> found another outlet because he wasn't able to take his passion for speed to the sky.He was a highly competitive motorcycle racer. He was offered a chance to go pro. He went to work for a multinational company in Dublin, where he was a rising star. He and a group of friends decided to build a boat and sail across the Atlantic Ocean, through the Panama Canal, and out to the South Pacific. He wanted to see those girls. Tony Jacobs organized the expedition. The group of young men pooled their resources, bought a hull, and spent months building the boat they dubbed the Aisling for great dreams.On May 2, 1952, <mask>, Tony, Anthony, and brothers Fionn and <mask> sailed from Galway Bay, with many references to the successful young businessman, <mask>, who had given it all up to sail the world. The Aisling and her crew arrived in Puerto Rico, where the American Coast Guard put a halt to their big plans. They didn't get through the Panama Canal or into the South Pacific. The hull of the Aisling was taken out of the water by the Coast Guard. The rudder was almost torn from the boat. <mask> was offered the chance to set up a lobster business on Antigua, but he stayed in Puerto Rico. It took the Antiguan locals a while to accept that the tall Irishman could be a lobster fisherman.They dove without any gear, often to a depth of 40 feet, to pull the lobsters off the ocean floor. They accepted him as they saw that he could go to the depths with them. After spending a year on Antigua, <mask> hitched a ride on a 21-foot sailboat on its way to Canada. <mask> was promised a job if he could get to his office in Canada by a certain date. He went to work immediately after walking in, driving big rigs over the icy Canadian highways. <mask> had a lot of amazing activities over the next several years. He was a member of the teams that built the Early Warning Line.One section of the camp burned after they started "scraping ice" on the first day. He was a part of the team that created the first map of the Red River. The two spent time in a pair of canoes lashed together, and encountered everything from raging waters to half-mad moose families. The current doctor died on October 1st. He lived in Florida where he pressed for educational opportunities for members of under-served communities and worked towards improving the socio-economic status of individuals and families through the use of micro financing and provisions for providing viable business opportunities. <mask> applied to and was accepted to the University of Montreal. He received a degree.His M.A. was in Political Science in 1959. In International Relations in 1961. He received a PhD in International and Development Education from the University of Pittsburgh in 1971. His thesis topic was about providing educational opportunities for people who may be under-served or completely neglected. He was able to use his passion for the space program as a link to other educational options. He was the Director of Research and a senior staff member of the J.W. The McConnell Foundation is in Canada.In the foundation's multimillion-dollar annual donations program, responsible for all grant evaluations at the local, regional, national and international level. Grants were given to organizations in the technological, educational, cultural, social, economic and health fields. Adequate evaluation is needed in each of the major areas, especially in the medical, energy, computers, information sciences and environmental sectors. He learned a lot about the technical and political issues involved in these and other areas of social concern when he reviewed 15-20 major requests each month. He remembers that the Foundation Board of Directors encouraged his involvement in educational, environmental, technological and social issues. He was an official delegate to the First United Nations Conference on the Environment held in Sweden in 1972. The non-governmental agencies' important contributions to this seminal event were organized by the Director-General of the Conference under the direction of Maurice Strong.During his time in Canada, <mask> entered into a self-directed research program into the global need for sustainable development activities at the international level and of the technological advances required to aid in this process. NASA's Landsat I satellite demonstrated the possibilities of remote sensing satellites for better management of the Earth's resources. In order to become involved in the space field, the decision was made to move to Washington, D.C. He was appointed as Special Advisor on Technical and Economic Issues to the Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Provision of Education, Health and Social Services in the Province of Quebec. The emergence of Quebec as a major player in Canada's advanced science and technological capabilities was aided by the Commission. The applicability of this was demonstrated by such global entities as Bombardier Aerospace, CAE Simulation Division, Canadian Space Agency, Radarsat Canada and others, all of which are Quebec-based. The International Space University had a founding Chairman and Trustee who was also a Trustee.120 highly motivated recent graduate students from around the world attend ten-week intensive summer courses in a different country each year. In 1995 it established a permanent campus in Strasbourg. Since 1996, it has offered a master's degree in Space Studies. ISU has 25 affiliated university members around the world. The University of North Dakota was recruited by Buzz Aldrin to be the founding full professor and chairman of the Department of Space Studies. The world's first interdisciplinary graduate degree program in Space Studies was established there. He recruited an eclectic founding faculty with Dick Parker handling space medicine and biology, JoAnn Gabrynowitcz for space law and policy, Jim Vedda on space commercialization, and Grady Blount anchoring planetary geology and Earth System Science.The broadly based curriculum combines scientific/technical, political/legal, social/psychological and other relevant fields of study into an integrated approach to our understanding of the issues and impacts associated with our entry into space and our attempts to live in and develop this new frontier. <mask> expanded the program into the first Internet-based degree program in space studies in 1993. More than 400 students have completed the Space Studies program in North Dakota, which is one of the largest graduate programs in the state. A degree. One of the first Earth System Science programs in the United States was created at UND. The atmospheric, earth and ocean sciences are usually separate areas of study. This was in response to the Earth observing system.The International Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems defined many of the data formatting and calibration protocols for global environmental monitoring. The Earth System Science Institute at UND was funded by an eight million dollar grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The first International Conference on Hypersonic Flight in the 21st Century was hosted by Vedda. Gabrynowitcz was a pioneer in the creation of space law and policy when he founded the National Land Remote Sensing Data Archive Advisory Committee. The United Nations Conference on the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space was held in Vienna Austria in 1982. A 12-day program with 120 speakers from around the world covering a broad range of topics incorporating most aspects of space exploration and development was organized by him. The topics included were international satellite communications, technical issues associated with space exploration, energy from and in space from orbiting and lunar-based solar power satellites and free-flying power platforms, and a global, U.N. owned and operated remote sensing satellite system that would provide both national security andThe year 1981 The Senior Executive Space Forum had a Chairman in the early 1990s. The Annual Conference of the U.S. Space Foundation is in Colorado Springs. It brings together senior executives from the major aerospace corporations, Members of Congress, Chiefs of Staff, and military advisers of all three armed Services, Directors and senior researchers of the major Federal Research Laboratories and senior management representatives from NASA Headquarters and Centers. The purpose of the meeting is to discuss, openly and frankly, but off-the-record, the goals, objectives, technology development issues and problem areas associated with the U.S. space program. He was a member of the Scientific and Engineering Council of the Universities Space Research Association from 1992 to 1996. The USRA works closely with the aerospace industry to outline future technology requirements and advise the federal government of these.In addition, USRA and its associated institutions play a leading role in the space education field and the disposition of government and corporate funds. President Ronald Reagan appointed him to the National Commission on Space in 1985. Congress mandated the Commission to prepare a bold and visionary fifty-year space agenda for the United States. It included people from the space program such as Dr. Buzz Aldrin. The Commission held public and specialized hearings throughout the nation before issuing its final report, Pioneering the Space Frontier. The commission report had personal awards and recognition from the International Space University/International Singularity University. NASA/DOD, National Aero-Space Plane Program: "For Outstanding Vision of the Impact of Hypersonic Technologies on the World Economy and Support of the National Aero-Space Plane Program."The year 1990. "For Outstanding Dedication and Leadership of the International Space University" The year 1989. The International L5 Society received the first Frederick E. Osborn Award. "In recognition of outstanding personal contributions in education towards the peaceful uses of outer space, the first Arthur C. Clarke Award was given to students for the Exploration and Development of Space." The year 1983. 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1271657 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances%20Milton%20Trollope | Frances Milton Trollope | Frances Milton Trollope, also known as Fanny Trollope (10 March 1779 – 6 October 1863), was an English novelist and writer who wrote as Mrs. Trollope or Mrs. Frances Trollope. Her first book, Domestic Manners of the Americans (1832) is the best known. She also wrote social novels – one against slavery is said to have influenced Harriet Beecher Stowe – the first industrial novel, and two anti-Catholic novels that used a Protestant position to examine self-making. Some recent scholars note how modernist critics omit women writers such as Frances Trollope. In 1839, The New Monthly Magazine claimed, "No other author of the present day has been at once so read, so much admired, and so much abused". Two of her sons, Thomas Adolphus and Anthony, became writers, as did her daughter-in-law Frances Eleanor Trollope (née Ternan), second wife of Thomas Adolphus Trollope.
Biography
Born at Stapleton, Bristol, Frances was the third daughter and middle child of the Reverend William Milton and Mary Milton (née Gresley). Frances's mother died in childbirth when Frances was five years old. Her father was remarried to Sarah Partington of Clifton in 1800. She was baptised at St Michael's, Bristol, on 17 March 1779. As a child, Frances read a great amount of English, French and Italian literature. She and her sister later moved to Bloomsbury, London, in 1803 to live with their brother, Henry Milton, who was employed in the War Office.
Marriage and family
In London, she met Thomas Anthony Trollope, a barrister, and at the age of 30, married him on 23 May 1809 in Heckfield, Hampshire. They had four sons and three daughters: Thomas Adolphus, Henry, Arthur, Emily (who died in a day), Anthony, Cecilia and Emily. When the Trollopes moved to a leased farm at Harrow-on-the-Hill in 1817, they faced financial struggles for lack of agricultural expertise. This was where Frances gave birth to her last two children. Two of her sons also became writers. Her eldest surviving son, Thomas Adolphus Trollope, wrote mostly histories: The Girlhood of Catherine de Medici, History of Florence, What I Remember, Life of Pius IX, and some novels. Her fourth son Anthony Trollope became a well-known and received novelist, establishing a strong reputation, especially for his serial novels, such as those set in the fictional county of Barsetshire, and his political series the Palliser novels. Despite producing six living children, their marriage was reputedly unhappy.
Move to America
Soon after the move to the leased farm, her marital and financial strains led Frances to seek companionship and aid from Fanny Wright, ward of the French hero Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette. In 1824 she visited La Grange, Lafayette's estate in France. Over the next three years, she made several other visits to France and was inspired to take an American excursion with Wright. Frances thought of America as a simple economic venture and figured that she could save money by sending her children through Wright's communal school, as Wright had planned to reform the education of African American children and the formerly enslaved on their property in Tennessee. In 1827, Frances Trollope took most of her family to Fanny Wright's utopian community, Nashoba Commune, in the United States. Her husband and remaining family followed shortly after.
Arriving in the United States four years earlier than her husband, she was able to develop an intimate relationship with Auguste Hervieu, a collaborator in her venture, and moved to Cincinnati, Ohio with her sons after the community failed. She also encouraged the sculptor Hiram Powers to do Dante Alighieri's Commedia in waxworks.
Nonetheless, all the ways she tried to support herself in America were unsuccessful. She found the cultural climate uninteresting and came to resent democracy. Furthermore, after her venture failed, her family was more in debt than when she had migrated there – forcing her and her family to move back to England in 1831.
Return to Europe
From her return at the age of 50 until her death, her need of an income for her family and to escape her debts led her to begin writing novels, memoirs of her travels, and other shorter pieces, while travelling around Europe. She became well acquainted with elites and figures of Victorian literature including Elizabeth Barrett, Robert Browning, Charles Dickens, Joseph Henry Green and R. W. Thackeray (a relative of William Makepeace Thackeray). She wrote 40 books: six travelogues, 35 novels, countless controversial articles, and poems. In 1843, Frances visited Italy and eventually moved to Florence permanently.
Writing career
Trollope already gained notice with her first book, Domestic Manners of the Americans (1832). She gave an unfavourable, and in the opinions of America's partisans, an exaggerated account. Her novel, The Refugee in America (1832), expressed similar views, prompting Catharine Sedgwick to respond that "Mrs. Trollope, though she has told some disagreeable truths, has for the most part caricatured till the resemblance is lost." She was thought to reflect the disparaging views of American society that were allegedly commonplace at that time among English people of the higher social classes.
Later Trollope wrote further travel works, such as Belgium and Western Germany in 1833 (1834), Paris and the Parisians in 1835 (1836), and Vienna and the Austrians (1838). Among those with whom she became acquainted in Brussels was the future novelist Anna Harriett Drury.
Novels
Next came The Abbess (1833), an anti-Catholic novel, as was Father Eustace (1847). While both borrowed from Victorian Gothic conventions, the scholar Susan Griffin notes that Trollope wrote a Protestant critique of Catholicism that also expressed "a gendered set of possibilities for self-making", which has been little recognised by scholars. She noted that "Modernism's lingering legacy in criticism meant overlooking a woman's nineteenth century studies of religious controversy."
Trollope received more attention in her lifetime for what are considered several strong novels of social protest: Jonathan Jefferson Whitlaw (1836) was the first anti-slavery novel, influencing the American Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852). It focuses on two powerful families – one that strongly encourages slavery and another that strongly opposes it and provides sanctuary for slave refugees. It antagonizes pro-slavery characters, making them appear foolish and uncultured. Frances also brings out her idea of a stereotypical American by drawing certain characters as shrewd, convincing, sly and greedy.
Published in 1840, Michael Armstrong: Factory Boy was the first industrial novel to be published in Britain, inspired by Frances's visit to Manchester in 1832, where she examined the conditions of children employed in the textile mills. The story of a factory boy who is rescued by a wealthy benefactor at first, but later returns to the mills, illustrates the misery of factory life and suggests that private philanthropy alone will not solve the widespread misery of factory employment. Other socially conscious novels of hers include The Vicar of Wrexhill (1837, Richard Bentley, London, 3 volumes), which took on the issue of corruption in the Church of England and evangelical circles. Possibly her greatest work is the Widow Barnaby trilogy (1839–1855), which includes the first ever sequel. In particular, Michael Sadleir considers the skilful set-up of Petticoat Government [1850], with its cathedral city, clerical psychology and domineering female, as something of a formative influence on her son's elaborate and colourful cast of characters in Barchester Towers, notably Mrs Proudie.
Later life and death
In later years Frances Trollope continued to write novels and books on miscellaneous subjects – in all over 100 volumes. In her own time, she was considered to have acute powers of observation and a sharp and caustic wit, but her prolific production coupled with the rise of modernist criticism caused her works to be overlooked in the 20th century. Few of her books are now read, but her first and two others are available on Project Gutenberg.
After the death of her husband and daughter, in 1835 and 1838 respectively, Trollope relocated to Florence, Italy, having lived briefly at Carleton, Eden in Cumbria, but finding that (in her son Tom's words) "the sun yoked his horses too far from Penrith town." One year, she invited Theodosia Garrow to be her house guest. Garrow married her son, Thomas Adolphus, and the three lived together until Trollope's death in 1863. She was buried near four other members of the Trollope household in the English Cemetery of Florence.
Major works
Domestic Manners of the Americans (1832)
Belgium and Western Germany in 1833 (1834)
Tremordyn Cliff (1835)
Paris and the Parisians in 1835 (1836)
The Life and Adventures of Jonathan Jefferson Whitlaw; or Scenes on the Mississippi (1836) retitled Lynch Law; etc. in 1857 edition
The Vicar of Wrexhill (1837)
Vienna and the Austrians (1838)
The Widow Barnaby (1839)
The Widow Married; A Sequel to the Widow Barnaby (1840)
The Life and Adventures of Michael Armstrong, the Factory Boy (1840)
Charles Chesterfield, or the Adventures of a Youth of Genius (1841)
A Visit to Italy (1842)
The Refugee in America (1842)
The Ward of Thorpe-Combe (1842)
The Barnabys in America, or Adventures of the Widow Wedded (1843)
Jessie Phillips: A Tale of the Present Day (1844)
Young Love, A Novel (1844)
Travels and Travelers : A Series of Sketches (1846)
Town and Country, A Novel (1848)
The Young Countess, or, Love and Jealousy (1848)
The Old World and the New, A Novel (1849)
The Lottery of Marriage (1849)
Petticoat Government, A Novel (1850)
Mrs Matthews, or Family Mysteries, A Novel (1851)
The Young Heiress, A Novel (1853)
See also
Frances Trollope bibliography
Trollope
Frances Wright
References
Sources
This article on her son has a short biography of her.
Further reading
E. Bigland, (1953) The Indomitable Mrs Trollope
Historical fiction
External links
Works by or about Frances Milton Trollope at HathiTrust
Works by or about Frances Milton Trollope at Google Books
Frances Trollope: 1779–1863—Bio and links to overviews of major works
Three Voices: Frances Trollope – The author describes her life in Cincinnati, Cincinnati Library
Mrs. Trollope's Bazaar, Cincinnati, Ohio 1828–1829, Cincinnati Memory
"Mrs. Trollope's America", Vanity Fair, June 2007
A Catalog Archive of Frances Milton Trollope's Works
The Life and Adventures of Jonathan Jefferson Whitlaw Audiobook
1779 births
1863 deaths
English women novelists
Writers from Bristol
Writers from Cincinnati
Victorian women writers
Victorian novelists
19th-century English women writers | [
"Frances Milton Trollope, also known as Fanny Trollope (10 March 1779 – 6 October 1863), was an English novelist and writer who wrote as Mrs. Trollope or Mrs. Frances Trollope.",
"Her first book, Domestic Manners of the Americans (1832) is the best known.",
"She also wrote social novels – one against slavery is said to have influenced Harriet Beecher Stowe – the first industrial novel, and two anti-Catholic novels that used a Protestant position to examine self-making.",
"Some recent scholars note how modernist critics omit women writers such as Frances Trollope.",
"In 1839, The New Monthly Magazine claimed, \"No other author of the present day has been at once so read, so much admired, and so much abused\".",
"Two of her sons, Thomas Adolphus and Anthony, became writers, as did her daughter-in-law Frances Eleanor Trollope (née Ternan), second wife of Thomas Adolphus Trollope.",
"Biography\nBorn at Stapleton, Bristol, Frances was the third daughter and middle child of the Reverend William Milton and Mary Milton (née Gresley).",
"Frances's mother died in childbirth when Frances was five years old.",
"Her father was remarried to Sarah Partington of Clifton in 1800.",
"She was baptised at St Michael's, Bristol, on 17 March 1779.",
"As a child, Frances read a great amount of English, French and Italian literature.",
"She and her sister later moved to Bloomsbury, London, in 1803 to live with their brother, Henry Milton, who was employed in the War Office.",
"Marriage and family\nIn London, she met Thomas Anthony Trollope, a barrister, and at the age of 30, married him on 23 May 1809 in Heckfield, Hampshire.",
"They had four sons and three daughters: Thomas Adolphus, Henry, Arthur, Emily (who died in a day), Anthony, Cecilia and Emily.",
"When the Trollopes moved to a leased farm at Harrow-on-the-Hill in 1817, they faced financial struggles for lack of agricultural expertise.",
"This was where Frances gave birth to her last two children.",
"Two of her sons also became writers.",
"Her eldest surviving son, Thomas Adolphus Trollope, wrote mostly histories: The Girlhood of Catherine de Medici, History of Florence, What I Remember, Life of Pius IX, and some novels.",
"Her fourth son Anthony Trollope became a well-known and received novelist, establishing a strong reputation, especially for his serial novels, such as those set in the fictional county of Barsetshire, and his political series the Palliser novels.",
"Despite producing six living children, their marriage was reputedly unhappy.",
"Move to America\nSoon after the move to the leased farm, her marital and financial strains led Frances to seek companionship and aid from Fanny Wright, ward of the French hero Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette.",
"In 1824 she visited La Grange, Lafayette's estate in France.",
"Over the next three years, she made several other visits to France and was inspired to take an American excursion with Wright.",
"Frances thought of America as a simple economic venture and figured that she could save money by sending her children through Wright's communal school, as Wright had planned to reform the education of African American children and the formerly enslaved on their property in Tennessee.",
"In 1827, Frances Trollope took most of her family to Fanny Wright's utopian community, Nashoba Commune, in the United States.",
"Her husband and remaining family followed shortly after.",
"Arriving in the United States four years earlier than her husband, she was able to develop an intimate relationship with Auguste Hervieu, a collaborator in her venture, and moved to Cincinnati, Ohio with her sons after the community failed.",
"She also encouraged the sculptor Hiram Powers to do Dante Alighieri's Commedia in waxworks.",
"Nonetheless, all the ways she tried to support herself in America were unsuccessful.",
"She found the cultural climate uninteresting and came to resent democracy.",
"Furthermore, after her venture failed, her family was more in debt than when she had migrated there – forcing her and her family to move back to England in 1831.",
"Return to Europe\nFrom her return at the age of 50 until her death, her need of an income for her family and to escape her debts led her to begin writing novels, memoirs of her travels, and other shorter pieces, while travelling around Europe.",
"She became well acquainted with elites and figures of Victorian literature including Elizabeth Barrett, Robert Browning, Charles Dickens, Joseph Henry Green and R. W. Thackeray (a relative of William Makepeace Thackeray).",
"She wrote 40 books: six travelogues, 35 novels, countless controversial articles, and poems.",
"In 1843, Frances visited Italy and eventually moved to Florence permanently.",
"Writing career\n\nTrollope already gained notice with her first book, Domestic Manners of the Americans (1832).",
"She gave an unfavourable, and in the opinions of America's partisans, an exaggerated account.",
"Her novel, The Refugee in America (1832), expressed similar views, prompting Catharine Sedgwick to respond that \"Mrs. Trollope, though she has told some disagreeable truths, has for the most part caricatured till the resemblance is lost.\"",
"She was thought to reflect the disparaging views of American society that were allegedly commonplace at that time among English people of the higher social classes.",
"Later Trollope wrote further travel works, such as Belgium and Western Germany in 1833 (1834), Paris and the Parisians in 1835 (1836), and Vienna and the Austrians (1838).",
"Among those with whom she became acquainted in Brussels was the future novelist Anna Harriett Drury.",
"Novels\nNext came The Abbess (1833), an anti-Catholic novel, as was Father Eustace (1847).",
"While both borrowed from Victorian Gothic conventions, the scholar Susan Griffin notes that Trollope wrote a Protestant critique of Catholicism that also expressed \"a gendered set of possibilities for self-making\", which has been little recognised by scholars.",
"She noted that \"Modernism's lingering legacy in criticism meant overlooking a woman's nineteenth century studies of religious controversy.\"",
"Trollope received more attention in her lifetime for what are considered several strong novels of social protest: Jonathan Jefferson Whitlaw (1836) was the first anti-slavery novel, influencing the American Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852).",
"It focuses on two powerful families – one that strongly encourages slavery and another that strongly opposes it and provides sanctuary for slave refugees.",
"It antagonizes pro-slavery characters, making them appear foolish and uncultured.",
"Frances also brings out her idea of a stereotypical American by drawing certain characters as shrewd, convincing, sly and greedy.",
"Published in 1840, Michael Armstrong: Factory Boy was the first industrial novel to be published in Britain, inspired by Frances's visit to Manchester in 1832, where she examined the conditions of children employed in the textile mills.",
"The story of a factory boy who is rescued by a wealthy benefactor at first, but later returns to the mills, illustrates the misery of factory life and suggests that private philanthropy alone will not solve the widespread misery of factory employment.",
"Other socially conscious novels of hers include The Vicar of Wrexhill (1837, Richard Bentley, London, 3 volumes), which took on the issue of corruption in the Church of England and evangelical circles.",
"Possibly her greatest work is the Widow Barnaby trilogy (1839–1855), which includes the first ever sequel.",
"In particular, Michael Sadleir considers the skilful set-up of Petticoat Government [1850], with its cathedral city, clerical psychology and domineering female, as something of a formative influence on her son's elaborate and colourful cast of characters in Barchester Towers, notably Mrs Proudie.",
"Later life and death\nIn later years Frances Trollope continued to write novels and books on miscellaneous subjects – in all over 100 volumes.",
"In her own time, she was considered to have acute powers of observation and a sharp and caustic wit, but her prolific production coupled with the rise of modernist criticism caused her works to be overlooked in the 20th century.",
"Few of her books are now read, but her first and two others are available on Project Gutenberg.",
"After the death of her husband and daughter, in 1835 and 1838 respectively, Trollope relocated to Florence, Italy, having lived briefly at Carleton, Eden in Cumbria, but finding that (in her son Tom's words) \"the sun yoked his horses too far from Penrith town.\"",
"One year, she invited Theodosia Garrow to be her house guest.",
"Garrow married her son, Thomas Adolphus, and the three lived together until Trollope's death in 1863.",
"She was buried near four other members of the Trollope household in the English Cemetery of Florence.",
"Major works\nDomestic Manners of the Americans (1832)\nBelgium and Western Germany in 1833 (1834)\nTremordyn Cliff (1835)\nParis and the Parisians in 1835 (1836)\nThe Life and Adventures of Jonathan Jefferson Whitlaw; or Scenes on the Mississippi (1836) retitled Lynch Law; etc.",
"in 1857 edition\nThe Vicar of Wrexhill (1837)\nVienna and the Austrians (1838)\nThe Widow Barnaby (1839)\nThe Widow Married; A Sequel to the Widow Barnaby (1840)\nThe Life and Adventures of Michael Armstrong, the Factory Boy (1840)\nCharles Chesterfield, or the Adventures of a Youth of Genius (1841)\nA Visit to Italy (1842)\nThe Refugee in America (1842)\nThe Ward of Thorpe-Combe (1842)\nThe Barnabys in America, or Adventures of the Widow Wedded (1843)\nJessie Phillips: A Tale of the Present Day (1844)\nYoung Love, A Novel (1844)\nTravels and Travelers : A Series of Sketches (1846)\nTown and Country, A Novel (1848)\nThe Young Countess, or, Love and Jealousy (1848)\nThe Old World and the New, A Novel (1849)\nThe Lottery of Marriage (1849)\nPetticoat Government, A Novel (1850)\nMrs Matthews, or Family Mysteries, A Novel (1851)\nThe Young Heiress, A Novel (1853)\n\nSee also\nFrances Trollope bibliography\nTrollope\nFrances Wright\n\nReferences\n\nSources\n This article on her son has a short biography of her.",
"Further reading\n\nE. Bigland, (1953) The Indomitable Mrs Trollope\n\nHistorical fiction\n\nExternal links\n\nWorks by or about Frances Milton Trollope at HathiTrust\n\nWorks by or about Frances Milton Trollope at Google Books\n\nFrances Trollope: 1779–1863—Bio and links to overviews of major works\nThree Voices: Frances Trollope – The author describes her life in Cincinnati, Cincinnati Library\nMrs. Trollope's Bazaar, Cincinnati, Ohio 1828–1829, Cincinnati Memory\n\"Mrs. Trollope's America\", Vanity Fair, June 2007\nA Catalog Archive of Frances Milton Trollope's Works\nThe Life and Adventures of Jonathan Jefferson Whitlaw Audiobook\n\n1779 births\n1863 deaths\nEnglish women novelists\nWriters from Bristol\nWriters from Cincinnati\nVictorian women writers\nVictorian novelists\n19th-century English women writers"
] | [
"Mrs. Trollope was the name of the English novelist and writer who wrote under that name.",
"Domestic Manners of the Americans was her first book.",
"The first industrial novel and two anti-Catholic novels that used a Protestant position to examine self-making are said to have been influenced by her.",
"Some scholars note the omission of women writers.",
"According to The New Monthly Magazine, \"No other author of the present day has been at once so read, so much admired, and so much abused\".",
"Two of her sons became writers, as did her daughter-in-law.",
"Francis was the third daughter and middle child of the Reverend William and Mary Milton.",
"The mother of the child died when she was five years old.",
"Her father was married to Sarah Partington.",
"She was christened at St Michael's in Bristol.",
"As a child, he read a lot of literature.",
"In 1803, she and her sister moved to London to live with their brother, who was employed in the War Office.",
"She married Thomas Anthony Trollope, a barrister, at the age of 30 in Hampshire.",
"They had six children: Thomas, Henry, Arthur, Emily, Anthony and Cecilia.",
"The Trollopes faced financial difficulties when they moved to a leased farm.",
"This is where she gave birth to her last two children.",
"Two of her sons were writers.",
"The Girlhood of Catherine de Medici, History of Florence, What I Remember, and some novels were written by her oldest son.",
"Anthony was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217",
"Their marriage was said to be unhappy despite producing six living children.",
"After her marriage broke down and her financial situation got worse, she moved to America and sought help from the ward of the French hero Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette.",
"Lafayette's estate in France was visited by her in 1824.",
"Over the next three years, she made several other visits to France and was inspired to take an American excursion with Wright.",
"As Wright was going to reform the education of African American children and the formerly enslaved on their property in Tennessee, she thought that she could save money by sending her children to Wright's communal school.",
"In the 19th century, most of her family went to the United States to live in a utopian community.",
"Her husband and family followed.",
"After the community failed, she moved to Cincinnati, Ohio with her sons, and developed an intimate relationship with Auguste Hervieu.",
"She encouraged Hiram Powers to do Dante Alighieri's Commedia in waxworks.",
"She tried many ways to support herself in America.",
"She resented democracy because she found the cultural climate uninteresting.",
"After her venture failed, she and her family had to move back to England because her family was more in debt than before.",
"When she returned to Europe at the age of 50, she needed an income for her family and to escape her debts, so she began writing novels, memoirs, and other short pieces.",
"Robert Browning, Charles Dickens, Joseph Henry Green and R. W. Thackeray are just a few of the elites and figures of Victorian literature she knew.",
"She wrote 40 books.",
"Frances moved to Florence permanently after visiting Italy in 1843.",
"Her first book, Domestic Manners of the Americans, gained attention.",
"She gave an exaggerated account in the opinions of America's partisans.",
"Her novel, The Refugee in America, expressed similar views, prompting her to respond that \"Mrs. Trollope, though she has told some disagreeable truths, has for the most part caricatured till the resemblance is lost.\"",
"She was thought to reflect the negative views of American society that were common among English people of the higher social classes.",
"Paris and the Parisians, Vienna and the Austrians, and Belgium and Western Germany were some of the travel works written by Trollope.",
"The future novelist was one of the people she became acquainted with.",
"Father Eustace was an anti-Catholic novel.",
"A Protestant critique of Catholicism that also expressed a gendered set of possibilities for self-making has been little appreciated by scholars.",
"Modernism's legacy in criticism meant overlooking a woman's studies of religious controversy.",
"The first anti-slavery novel by Jonathan Jefferson Whitlaw was influenced by Uncle Tom's Cabin, one of the strongest novels of social protest.",
"It focuses on two powerful families, one that encourages slavery and the other that is against it, and provides sanctuary for slave refugees.",
"It makes pro-slavery characters look foolish and uncultured.",
"Drawing certain characters as cunning, cunning, cunning, cunning, cunning, cunning, cunning, cunning, cunning, cunning, cunning, scheming, scheming, scheming, scheming, scheming, scheming, scheming, scheming, scheming, scheming, scheming, scheming, scheming, scheming, scheming, scheming,",
"The first industrial novel to be published in Britain was Michael Armstrong: Factory Boy, which was inspired by a visit to Manchester in the 18th century where she examined the conditions of children employed in the textile mills.",
"The story of a factory boy who is rescued by a wealthy benefactor at first, but later returns to the mills, illustrates the misery of factory life and suggests that private philanthropy alone will not solve the widespread misery of factory employment.",
"The Vicar of Wrexhill was a novel about the issue of corruption in the Church of England and evangelical circles.",
"The first ever sequel to the Widow Barnaby trilogy is possibly her greatest work.",
"The set-up of Petticoat Government, with its cathedral city, psychology and domineering female, is something of a formative influence on her son's elaborate and colourful cast of characters in Barchester Towers.",
"Over 100 volumes of novels and books were written by Frans Trollope in the later years.",
"Her works were overlooked in the 20th century because of her prolific production and her sharp and caustic wit, but in her own time she was considered to have acute powers of observation and a sharp and caustic wit.",
"Her first and two other books are available on Project Gutenberg.",
"After the deaths of her husband and daughter, in 1835 and 1838 respectively, Trollope relocated to Florence, Italy, but found that the sun yoked her horses too far from Penrith town.",
"Theodosia Garrow was invited to be her house guest.",
"The three lived together until the death of Trollope in 1863.",
"She was buried next to four other people in the English Cemetery of Florence.",
"The major works include Domestic Manners of the Americans, Belgium and Western Germany, Paris and the Parisians, and Scenes on the Mississippi.",
"The Vicar of Wrexhill and Vienna and the Austrians were published in the same year.",
"There are External links to works by or about the author of The Indomitable Mrs. Trollope Historical fiction."
] | <mask>, also known as <mask> (10 March 1779 – 6 October 1863), was an English novelist and writer who wrote as Mrs<mask> or Mrs. <mask>. Her first book, Domestic Manners of the Americans (1832) is the best known. She also wrote social novels – one against slavery is said to have influenced Harriet Beecher Stowe – the first industrial novel, and two anti-Catholic novels that used a Protestant position to examine self-making. Some recent scholars note how modernist critics omit women writers such as <mask>. In 1839, The New Monthly Magazine claimed, "No other author of the present day has been at once so read, so much admired, and so much abused". Two of her sons, Thomas Adolphus and Anthony, became writers, as did her daughter-in-law <mask> (née Ternan), second wife of <mask>. Biography
Born at Stapleton, Bristol, <mask> was the third daughter and middle child of the Reverend <mask> and <mask> (née Gresley).<mask>'s mother died in childbirth when <mask> was five years old. Her father was remarried to Sarah Partington of Clifton in 1800. She was baptised at St Michael's, Bristol, on 17 March 1779. As a child, <mask> read a great amount of English, French and Italian literature. She and her sister later moved to Bloomsbury, London, in 1803 to live with their brother, <mask>, who was employed in the War Office. Marriage and family
In London, she met Thomas Anthony <mask>, a barrister, and at the age of 30, married him on 23 May 1809 in Heckfield, Hampshire. They had four sons and three daughters: Thomas Adolphus, Henry, Arthur, Emily (who died in a day), Anthony, Cecilia and Emily.When the <mask>s moved to a leased farm at Harrow-on-the-Hill in 1817, they faced financial struggles for lack of agricultural expertise. This was where <mask> gave birth to her last two children. Two of her sons also became writers. Her eldest surviving son, Thomas Adolphus <mask>, wrote mostly histories: The Girlhood of Catherine de Medici, History of Florence, What I Remember, Life of Pius IX, and some novels. Her fourth son <mask> became a well-known and received novelist, establishing a strong reputation, especially for his serial novels, such as those set in the fictional county of Barsetshire, and his political series the Palliser novels. Despite producing six living children, their marriage was reputedly unhappy. Move to America
Soon after the move to the leased farm, her marital and financial strains led <mask> to seek companionship and aid from Fanny Wright, ward of the French hero Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette.In 1824 she visited La Grange, Lafayette's estate in France. Over the next three years, she made several other visits to France and was inspired to take an American excursion with Wright. <mask> thought of America as a simple economic venture and figured that she could save money by sending her children through Wright's communal school, as Wright had planned to reform the education of African American children and the formerly enslaved on their property in Tennessee. In 1827, <mask> took most of her family to Fanny Wright's utopian community, Nashoba Commune, in the United States. Her husband and remaining family followed shortly after. Arriving in the United States four years earlier than her husband, she was able to develop an intimate relationship with Auguste Hervieu, a collaborator in her venture, and moved to Cincinnati, Ohio with her sons after the community failed. She also encouraged the sculptor Hiram Powers to do Dante Alighieri's Commedia in waxworks.Nonetheless, all the ways she tried to support herself in America were unsuccessful. She found the cultural climate uninteresting and came to resent democracy. Furthermore, after her venture failed, her family was more in debt than when she had migrated there – forcing her and her family to move back to England in 1831. Return to Europe
From her return at the age of 50 until her death, her need of an income for her family and to escape her debts led her to begin writing novels, memoirs of her travels, and other shorter pieces, while travelling around Europe. She became well acquainted with elites and figures of Victorian literature including Elizabeth Barrett, Robert Browning, Charles Dickens, Joseph Henry Green and R. W. Thackeray (a relative of William Makepeace Thackeray). She wrote 40 books: six travelogues, 35 novels, countless controversial articles, and poems. In 1843, <mask> visited Italy and eventually moved to Florence permanently.Writing career
<mask> already gained notice with her first book, Domestic Manners of the Americans (1832). She gave an unfavourable, and in the opinions of America's partisans, an exaggerated account. Her novel, The Refugee in America (1832), expressed similar views, prompting Catharine Sedgwick to respond that "Mrs. <mask>, though she has told some disagreeable truths, has for the most part caricatured till the resemblance is lost." She was thought to reflect the disparaging views of American society that were allegedly commonplace at that time among English people of the higher social classes. Later <mask> wrote further travel works, such as Belgium and Western Germany in 1833 (1834), Paris and the Parisians in 1835 (1836), and Vienna and the Austrians (1838). Among those with whom she became acquainted in Brussels was the future novelist Anna Harriett Drury. Novels
Next came The Abbess (1833), an anti-Catholic novel, as was Father Eustace (1847).While both borrowed from Victorian Gothic conventions, the scholar Susan Griffin notes that <mask> wrote a Protestant critique of Catholicism that also expressed "a gendered set of possibilities for self-making", which has been little recognised by scholars. She noted that "Modernism's lingering legacy in criticism meant overlooking a woman's nineteenth century studies of religious controversy." <mask> received more attention in her lifetime for what are considered several strong novels of social protest: Jonathan Jefferson Whitlaw (1836) was the first anti-slavery novel, influencing the American Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852). It focuses on two powerful families – one that strongly encourages slavery and another that strongly opposes it and provides sanctuary for slave refugees. It antagonizes pro-slavery characters, making them appear foolish and uncultured. <mask> also brings out her idea of a stereotypical American by drawing certain characters as shrewd, convincing, sly and greedy. Published in 1840, Michael Armstrong: Factory Boy was the first industrial novel to be published in Britain, inspired by <mask>'s visit to Manchester in 1832, where she examined the conditions of children employed in the textile mills.The story of a factory boy who is rescued by a wealthy benefactor at first, but later returns to the mills, illustrates the misery of factory life and suggests that private philanthropy alone will not solve the widespread misery of factory employment. Other socially conscious novels of hers include The Vicar of Wrexhill (1837, Richard Bentley, London, 3 volumes), which took on the issue of corruption in the Church of England and evangelical circles. Possibly her greatest work is the Widow Barnaby trilogy (1839–1855), which includes the first ever sequel. In particular, Michael Sadleir considers the skilful set-up of Petticoat Government [1850], with its cathedral city, clerical psychology and domineering female, as something of a formative influence on her son's elaborate and colourful cast of characters in Barchester Towers, notably Mrs Proudie. Later life and death
In later years <mask> continued to write novels and books on miscellaneous subjects – in all over 100 volumes. In her own time, she was considered to have acute powers of observation and a sharp and caustic wit, but her prolific production coupled with the rise of modernist criticism caused her works to be overlooked in the 20th century. Few of her books are now read, but her first and two others are available on Project Gutenberg.After the death of her husband and daughter, in 1835 and 1838 respectively, <mask> relocated to Florence, Italy, having lived briefly at Carleton, Eden in Cumbria, but finding that (in her son Tom's words) "the sun yoked his horses too far from Penrith town." One year, she invited Theodosia Garrow to be her house guest. Garrow married her son, Thomas Adolphus, and the three lived together until Trollope's death in 1863. She was buried near four other members of the Trollope household in the English Cemetery of Florence. Major works
Domestic Manners of the Americans (1832)
Belgium and Western Germany in 1833 (1834)
Tremordyn Cliff (1835)
Paris and the Parisians in 1835 (1836)
The Life and Adventures of Jonathan Jefferson Whitlaw; or Scenes on the Mississippi (1836) retitled Lynch Law; etc. in 1857 edition
The Vicar of Wrexhill (1837)
Vienna and the Austrians (1838)
The Widow Barnaby (1839)
The Widow Married; A Sequel to the Widow Barnaby (1840)
The Life and Adventures of Michael Armstrong, the Factory Boy (1840)
Charles Chesterfield, or the Adventures of a Youth of Genius (1841)
A Visit to Italy (1842)
The Refugee in America (1842)
The Ward of Thorpe-Combe (1842)
The Barnabys in America, or Adventures of the Widow Wedded (1843)
Jessie Phillips: A Tale of the Present Day (1844)
Young Love, A Novel (1844)
Travels and Travelers : A Series of Sketches (1846)
Town and Country, A Novel (1848)
The Young Countess, or, Love and Jealousy (1848)
The Old World and the New, A Novel (1849)
The Lottery of Marriage (1849)
Petticoat Government, A Novel (1850)
Mrs Matthews, or Family Mysteries, A Novel (1851)
The Young Heiress, A Novel (1853)
See also
<mask> Trollope bibliography
Trollope
<mask> Wright
References
Sources
This article on her son has a short biography of her. Further reading
E. Bigland, (1953) The Indomitable Mrs Trollope
Historical fiction
External links
Works by or about <mask> Milton Trollope at HathiTrust
Works by or about <mask> Milton Trollope at Google Books
<mask> Trollope: 1779–1863—Bio and links to overviews of major works
Three Voices: Frances Trollope – The author describes her life in Cincinnati, Cincinnati Library
Mrs. Trollope's Bazaar, Cincinnati, Ohio 1828–1829, Cincinnati Memory
"Mrs. Trollope's America", Vanity Fair, June 2007
A Catalog Archive of Frances Milton Trollope's Works
The Life and Adventures of Jonathan Jefferson Whitlaw Audiobook
1779 births
1863 deaths
English women novelists
Writers from Bristol
Writers from Cincinnati
Victorian women writers
Victorian novelists
19th-century English women writers | [
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] | Mrs. <mask> was the name of the English novelist and writer who wrote under that name. Domestic Manners of the Americans was her first book. The first industrial novel and two anti-Catholic novels that used a Protestant position to examine self-making are said to have been influenced by her. Some scholars note the omission of women writers. According to The New Monthly Magazine, "No other author of the present day has been at once so read, so much admired, and so much abused". Two of her sons became writers, as did her daughter-in-law. Francis was the third daughter and middle child of the Reverend William and <mask>.The mother of the child died when she was five years old. Her father was married to Sarah Partington. She was christened at St Michael's in Bristol. As a child, he read a lot of literature. In 1803, she and her sister moved to London to live with their brother, who was employed in the War Office. She married Thomas Anthony <mask>, a barrister, at the age of 30 in Hampshire. They had six children: Thomas, Henry, Arthur, Emily, Anthony and Cecilia.The Trollopes faced financial difficulties when they moved to a leased farm. This is where she gave birth to her last two children. Two of her sons were writers. The Girlhood of Catherine de Medici, History of Florence, What I Remember, and some novels were written by her oldest son. Anthony was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Their marriage was said to be unhappy despite producing six living children. After her marriage broke down and her financial situation got worse, she moved to America and sought help from the ward of the French hero Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette.Lafayette's estate in France was visited by her in 1824. Over the next three years, she made several other visits to France and was inspired to take an American excursion with Wright. As Wright was going to reform the education of African American children and the formerly enslaved on their property in Tennessee, she thought that she could save money by sending her children to Wright's communal school. In the 19th century, most of her family went to the United States to live in a utopian community. Her husband and family followed. After the community failed, she moved to Cincinnati, Ohio with her sons, and developed an intimate relationship with Auguste Hervieu. She encouraged Hiram Powers to do Dante Alighieri's Commedia in waxworks.She tried many ways to support herself in America. She resented democracy because she found the cultural climate uninteresting. After her venture failed, she and her family had to move back to England because her family was more in debt than before. When she returned to Europe at the age of 50, she needed an income for her family and to escape her debts, so she began writing novels, memoirs, and other short pieces. Robert Browning, Charles Dickens, Joseph Henry Green and R. W. Thackeray are just a few of the elites and figures of Victorian literature she knew. She wrote 40 books. <mask> moved to Florence permanently after visiting Italy in 1843.Her first book, Domestic Manners of the Americans, gained attention. She gave an exaggerated account in the opinions of America's partisans. Her novel, The Refugee in America, expressed similar views, prompting her to respond that "Mrs. <mask>, though she has told some disagreeable truths, has for the most part caricatured till the resemblance is lost." She was thought to reflect the negative views of American society that were common among English people of the higher social classes. Paris and the Parisians, Vienna and the Austrians, and Belgium and Western Germany were some of the travel works written by <mask>. The future novelist was one of the people she became acquainted with. Father Eustace was an anti-Catholic novel.A Protestant critique of Catholicism that also expressed a gendered set of possibilities for self-making has been little appreciated by scholars. Modernism's legacy in criticism meant overlooking a woman's studies of religious controversy. The first anti-slavery novel by Jonathan Jefferson Whitlaw was influenced by Uncle Tom's Cabin, one of the strongest novels of social protest. It focuses on two powerful families, one that encourages slavery and the other that is against it, and provides sanctuary for slave refugees. It makes pro-slavery characters look foolish and uncultured. Drawing certain characters as cunning, cunning, cunning, cunning, cunning, cunning, cunning, cunning, cunning, cunning, cunning, scheming, scheming, scheming, scheming, scheming, scheming, scheming, scheming, scheming, scheming, scheming, scheming, scheming, scheming, scheming, scheming, The first industrial novel to be published in Britain was Michael Armstrong: Factory Boy, which was inspired by a visit to Manchester in the 18th century where she examined the conditions of children employed in the textile mills.The story of a factory boy who is rescued by a wealthy benefactor at first, but later returns to the mills, illustrates the misery of factory life and suggests that private philanthropy alone will not solve the widespread misery of factory employment. The Vicar of Wrexhill was a novel about the issue of corruption in the Church of England and evangelical circles. The first ever sequel to the Widow Barnaby trilogy is possibly her greatest work. The set-up of Petticoat Government, with its cathedral city, psychology and domineering female, is something of a formative influence on her son's elaborate and colourful cast of characters in Barchester Towers. Over 100 volumes of novels and books were written by Frans <mask> in the later years. Her works were overlooked in the 20th century because of her prolific production and her sharp and caustic wit, but in her own time she was considered to have acute powers of observation and a sharp and caustic wit. Her first and two other books are available on Project Gutenberg.After the deaths of her husband and daughter, in 1835 and 1838 respectively, <mask> relocated to Florence, Italy, but found that the sun yoked her horses too far from Penrith town. Theodosia Garrow was invited to be her house guest. The three lived together until the death of <mask> in 1863. She was buried next to four other people in the English Cemetery of Florence. The major works include Domestic Manners of the Americans, Belgium and Western Germany, Paris and the Parisians, and Scenes on the Mississippi. The Vicar of Wrexhill and Vienna and the Austrians were published in the same year. There are External links to works by or about the author of The Indomitable Mrs. Trollope Historical fiction. | [
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30116021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Asaro | Frank Asaro | Frank Asaro (born Francesco Asaro, July 31, 1927 – June 10, 2014) was an Emeritus Senior Scientist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory associated with the University of California at Berkeley. He is best known as the chemist who discovered the iridium anomaly in the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary layer that led the team of Luis Alvarez, Walter Alvarez, Frank Asaro, and Helen Michel to propose the Asteroid-Impact Theory, which postulates that an asteroid hit the Earth sixty-five million years ago and caused mass extinction during the age of the dinosaurs.
Biography
Asaro grew up in Escondido, California, the son of avocado farmer and barber Nicolo Asaro and Antonina (Annie) Asaro. He married Lucille Marie Lavezo and settled in the California Bay Area. They had four children, Frank, Antonina, Catherine, and Marianna. Asaro's mother, one of the oldest known residents of Escondido, lived until almost 106 years old.
The Berkeley Years
Asaro went to college at age sixteen during World War II and earned both his undergraduate and Ph.D. degrees in chemistry from the University of California, Berkeley. For his doctorate, he worked with Professor Isadore Perlman on alpha decay processes in nuclear chemistry. Asaro and Perlman collaborated over the next fourteen years on studies of nuclear structure. It was during this time that they developed a high-precision technique of neutron activation analysis that has become a standard for determining the origin of ancient artifacts, in particular pottery. Asaro initially agreed to work on the project for a few months. He writes, "How good was Perlman at choosing new fields? I thought I would take three months off to do this. I made that decision in 1967, and I'm still doing this work 32 years later."
One of the first projects Asaro tackled with Perlman was a study of ancient pottery from Cyprus, known as Cypriot Bichrome ware. Aided by the Swedish archaeologist Einar Gjerstad, they obtained 1,200 pottery sherds from the second millennium B.C. excavated by the Swedish Cyprus Expedition in 1927-31. Among the many results of those studies was the work done with Michal Artzy, a then graduate student at Brandeis. Up until that time, a distinctive type pottery called "Bichrome Ware," first found in Tel Ajjul in Palestine by the archaeologist Sir Flinders Petrie, was believed to originate in Palestine after which it was exported to sites in the eastern Mediterranean. Thrown on a fast wheel and painted with animals and birds, the unusual pottery appeared to be the work of a new painter or school of painting. The Berkeley group showed that in fact the chemical composition of the pieces matched that of pottery made in Cyprus, which meant it had later been exported to Palestine and other sites, a result that had extensive ramifications on the archaeology of the eastern Mediterranean.
The Colossi of Memnon
In 1973, Asaro and his colleagues embarked on a study of the Colossi of Memnon, two statues of Pharaoh Amenhotep III that have stood for 3400 years in the Theban necropolis, across the River Nile from the modern city of Luxor. Collaborating with Professor Robert Heizer and his research group in the Department of Anthropology and Archaeological Research at the University of California, Berkeley, the Asaro group analyzed the stone used to construct the statues. Erected in the early fourteenth century B.C. as guardians of the Mortuary Temple, the two 50-foot monoliths consist of a quartzose sandstone rock (quartzite) formed by quartz particles cemented with iron oxide. Archeologists had once believed that all the stone used to create the statues came from a quarry about 100 miles away from the temple site, near Aswan. Asaro's group determined that the original rock used to build the statues actually came from quarries 420 miles away in Cairo, Egypt and was transported overland to the final site, a remarkable feat of engineering for that time. Using neutron activation analysis, Asaro and his co-workers showed that the stone from Aswan was only used to repair the upper half of the northern statue, which had been knocked over in an earthquake about 27 B.C. and reconstructed by Roman emperor Septimius Severus about 197 A.D.
The Plate of Brass
The Plate of Brass, also known as Drake's Plate, is an artifact that English explorer Francis Drake purportedly left on the coast of what is now Marin County, in the San Francisco Bay Area of California, after his ship the Golden Hinde landed there in 1579. However, in 1977, Asaro and his colleague Helen Michel used neutron activation analysis to determine that the zinc content in the composition of the plate was too high and the impurity levels too low to come from techniques of sixteenth century English for working with brass. Instead, the plate was mostly likely manufactured in the first half of the nineteenth century or later.
The Asteroid Impact Theory
Asaro is best known as the nuclear chemist who discovered the iridium anomaly that led to the development of the asteroid impact theory to explain the mass extinctions, including the demise of the dinosaurs, that occurred at the end of the geological era known as the Cretaceous period in Earth's history. His part in the work began when Nobel Prize–winning physicist Luis Alvarez and his son, geologist Walter Alvarez, asked Asaro to look for iridium in samples of earth from the layer between the Cretaceous and Paleogene periods. Their purpose was to discover if the composition of the boundary layer that represented the transition between those two periods could provide insight into how many years the layer represented.
Asaro told the Alvarezes that the amount of iridium present in such samples of the Earth would almost certainly be too small to detect. However, he was interested in the project and agreed to perform the analysis, working with colleague Helen Michel. When they discovered remarkably high levels of iridium, he believed they had done the analysis incorrectly. He and Michel repeated the tests many times before bringing their results to Alvarez. Walter Alvarez has written, "Frank hunts down potential mistakes with the ruthlessness of a counterspy, triple checks everything, and then checks it again .... We know today what killed the dinosaurs because of Frank Asaro's ability to make these remarkable measurements." The results were soon confirmed, not only for the samples provided by Alvarez, but independently by other groups around the world. That discovery resulted in the group, led by Luis Alvarez, to propose that an asteroid collided with the Earth and caused the mass extinctions. Although the theory is sometimes referred to as the Alvarez hypothesis, the seminal paper published in the literature was authored by Luis Alvarez, his son Walter, Frank Asaro, and Helen Michel.
The theory was initially met with skepticism, but over the years has become accepted as the primary explanation of the mass extinctions that took place sixty-five million years ago. Asaro himself felt that while mass extinction of many species was well-supported by plentiful fossil records, the smaller number of dinosaur fossils available worldwide made pinpointing cause of their extinction more difficult. In the March 5, 2010 edition of Science, an international panel of experts in geology, paleontology and related fields published the results of their exhaustive review of the data, ruling in favor of the asteroid theory.
Legacy
Work by Asaro and other scientists who study archeological artifacts has become trendy in recent years with the popularity of science fiction shows such as Warehouse 13 and Stargate, where storylines involve archeological artifacts imbued with magical, scientific, or mystical powers.
Minor planet 4531 Asaro is named in his honor.
References
1927 births
2014 deaths
American chemists
UC Berkeley College of Chemistry alumni
University of California, Berkeley faculty
People from Escondido, California | [
"Frank Asaro (born Francesco Asaro, July 31, 1927 – June 10, 2014) was an Emeritus Senior Scientist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory associated with the University of California at Berkeley.",
"He is best known as the chemist who discovered the iridium anomaly in the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary layer that led the team of Luis Alvarez, Walter Alvarez, Frank Asaro, and Helen Michel to propose the Asteroid-Impact Theory, which postulates that an asteroid hit the Earth sixty-five million years ago and caused mass extinction during the age of the dinosaurs.",
"Biography\nAsaro grew up in Escondido, California, the son of avocado farmer and barber Nicolo Asaro and Antonina (Annie) Asaro.",
"He married Lucille Marie Lavezo and settled in the California Bay Area.",
"They had four children, Frank, Antonina, Catherine, and Marianna.",
"Asaro's mother, one of the oldest known residents of Escondido, lived until almost 106 years old.",
"The Berkeley Years\nAsaro went to college at age sixteen during World War II and earned both his undergraduate and Ph.D. degrees in chemistry from the University of California, Berkeley.",
"For his doctorate, he worked with Professor Isadore Perlman on alpha decay processes in nuclear chemistry.",
"Asaro and Perlman collaborated over the next fourteen years on studies of nuclear structure.",
"It was during this time that they developed a high-precision technique of neutron activation analysis that has become a standard for determining the origin of ancient artifacts, in particular pottery.",
"Asaro initially agreed to work on the project for a few months.",
"He writes, \"How good was Perlman at choosing new fields?",
"I thought I would take three months off to do this.",
"I made that decision in 1967, and I'm still doing this work 32 years later.\"",
"One of the first projects Asaro tackled with Perlman was a study of ancient pottery from Cyprus, known as Cypriot Bichrome ware.",
"Aided by the Swedish archaeologist Einar Gjerstad, they obtained 1,200 pottery sherds from the second millennium B.C.",
"excavated by the Swedish Cyprus Expedition in 1927-31.",
"Among the many results of those studies was the work done with Michal Artzy, a then graduate student at Brandeis.",
"Up until that time, a distinctive type pottery called \"Bichrome Ware,\" first found in Tel Ajjul in Palestine by the archaeologist Sir Flinders Petrie, was believed to originate in Palestine after which it was exported to sites in the eastern Mediterranean.",
"Thrown on a fast wheel and painted with animals and birds, the unusual pottery appeared to be the work of a new painter or school of painting.",
"The Berkeley group showed that in fact the chemical composition of the pieces matched that of pottery made in Cyprus, which meant it had later been exported to Palestine and other sites, a result that had extensive ramifications on the archaeology of the eastern Mediterranean.",
"The Colossi of Memnon\n\nIn 1973, Asaro and his colleagues embarked on a study of the Colossi of Memnon, two statues of Pharaoh Amenhotep III that have stood for 3400 years in the Theban necropolis, across the River Nile from the modern city of Luxor.",
"Collaborating with Professor Robert Heizer and his research group in the Department of Anthropology and Archaeological Research at the University of California, Berkeley, the Asaro group analyzed the stone used to construct the statues.",
"Erected in the early fourteenth century B.C.",
"as guardians of the Mortuary Temple, the two 50-foot monoliths consist of a quartzose sandstone rock (quartzite) formed by quartz particles cemented with iron oxide.",
"Archeologists had once believed that all the stone used to create the statues came from a quarry about 100 miles away from the temple site, near Aswan.",
"Asaro's group determined that the original rock used to build the statues actually came from quarries 420 miles away in Cairo, Egypt and was transported overland to the final site, a remarkable feat of engineering for that time.",
"Using neutron activation analysis, Asaro and his co-workers showed that the stone from Aswan was only used to repair the upper half of the northern statue, which had been knocked over in an earthquake about 27 B.C.",
"and reconstructed by Roman emperor Septimius Severus about 197 A.D.",
"The Plate of Brass\n\nThe Plate of Brass, also known as Drake's Plate, is an artifact that English explorer Francis Drake purportedly left on the coast of what is now Marin County, in the San Francisco Bay Area of California, after his ship the Golden Hinde landed there in 1579.",
"However, in 1977, Asaro and his colleague Helen Michel used neutron activation analysis to determine that the zinc content in the composition of the plate was too high and the impurity levels too low to come from techniques of sixteenth century English for working with brass.",
"Instead, the plate was mostly likely manufactured in the first half of the nineteenth century or later.",
"The Asteroid Impact Theory\n\nAsaro is best known as the nuclear chemist who discovered the iridium anomaly that led to the development of the asteroid impact theory to explain the mass extinctions, including the demise of the dinosaurs, that occurred at the end of the geological era known as the Cretaceous period in Earth's history.",
"His part in the work began when Nobel Prize–winning physicist Luis Alvarez and his son, geologist Walter Alvarez, asked Asaro to look for iridium in samples of earth from the layer between the Cretaceous and Paleogene periods.",
"Their purpose was to discover if the composition of the boundary layer that represented the transition between those two periods could provide insight into how many years the layer represented.",
"Asaro told the Alvarezes that the amount of iridium present in such samples of the Earth would almost certainly be too small to detect.",
"However, he was interested in the project and agreed to perform the analysis, working with colleague Helen Michel.",
"When they discovered remarkably high levels of iridium, he believed they had done the analysis incorrectly.",
"He and Michel repeated the tests many times before bringing their results to Alvarez.",
"Walter Alvarez has written, \"Frank hunts down potential mistakes with the ruthlessness of a counterspy, triple checks everything, and then checks it again .... We know today what killed the dinosaurs because of Frank Asaro's ability to make these remarkable measurements.\"",
"The results were soon confirmed, not only for the samples provided by Alvarez, but independently by other groups around the world.",
"That discovery resulted in the group, led by Luis Alvarez, to propose that an asteroid collided with the Earth and caused the mass extinctions.",
"Although the theory is sometimes referred to as the Alvarez hypothesis, the seminal paper published in the literature was authored by Luis Alvarez, his son Walter, Frank Asaro, and Helen Michel.",
"The theory was initially met with skepticism, but over the years has become accepted as the primary explanation of the mass extinctions that took place sixty-five million years ago.",
"Asaro himself felt that while mass extinction of many species was well-supported by plentiful fossil records, the smaller number of dinosaur fossils available worldwide made pinpointing cause of their extinction more difficult.",
"In the March 5, 2010 edition of Science, an international panel of experts in geology, paleontology and related fields published the results of their exhaustive review of the data, ruling in favor of the asteroid theory.",
"Legacy\nWork by Asaro and other scientists who study archeological artifacts has become trendy in recent years with the popularity of science fiction shows such as Warehouse 13 and Stargate, where storylines involve archeological artifacts imbued with magical, scientific, or mystical powers.",
"Minor planet 4531 Asaro is named in his honor.",
"References\n\n1927 births\n2014 deaths\nAmerican chemists\nUC Berkeley College of Chemistry alumni\nUniversity of California, Berkeley faculty\nPeople from Escondido, California"
] | [
"Frank Asaro was a Senior Scientist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and was associated with the University of California at Berkeley.",
"He is best known as the chemist who discovered the iridium anomaly in the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary layer that led to the Asteroid-Impact Theory, which postulates that an asteroid hit the Earth.",
"Nicolo Asaro and Antonina (Annie) Asaro were the parents of Asaro.",
"He settled in the California Bay Area with his wife.",
"Their children were Frank, Antonina, Catherine, and Marianna.",
"One of the oldest residents of Escondido was Asaro's mother.",
"After graduating from the University of California, Berkeley at the age of sixteen, The Berkeley Years Asaro went on to earn a PhD in chemistry.",
"He worked with Professor Isadore Perlman on alpha decay processes in nuclear chemistry.",
"They collaborated on studies of nuclear structure over the course of fourteen years.",
"They developed a high-precision technique of neutron activation analysis that has become a standard for determining the origin of ancient artifacts.",
"For a short time, Asaro agreed to work on the project.",
"He asked how good Perlman was at choosing new fields.",
"I was going to take three months off to do this.",
"I made that decision in 1967.",
"The study of ancient pottery from Cyprus was one of the first projects Asaro tackled.",
"They obtained 1,200 pottery sherds from the second millennium B.C., aided by the Swedish archaeologist Einar Gjerstad.",
"The Swedish Cyprus expedition excavated in 1927-31.",
"The work was done with a graduate student at the time.",
"After it was discovered in Tel Ajjul in Palestine, it was thought that the pottery was exported to sites in the eastern Mediterranean.",
"The pottery was painted with animals and birds and appeared to be the work of a new painter.",
"The Berkeley group showed that the chemical composition of the pieces matched that of pottery made in Cyprus, which meant it had later been exported to Palestine and other sites, a result that had extensive ramifications on the archaeology of the eastern Mediterranean.",
"There are two statues of Pharaoh Amenhotep III in the Theban necropolis across the River Nile from the modern city of Luxor.",
"Collaborating with Professor Robert Heizer and his research group in the Department of Anthropology and Archaeological Research at the University of California, Berkeley, the Asaro group analyzed the stone used to construct the statues.",
"It was built in the early 14th century B.C.",
"As caretakers of the Mortuary Temple, the two 50-foot monoliths consist of a sandstone rock formed by particles of iron oxide.",
"Archeologists used to think that the stone used to make the statues came from a quarry 100 miles away.",
"The original rock used to build the statues came from quarries 400 miles away in Cairo, Egypt, and was transported overland to the final site, a remarkable feat of engineering for that time.",
"The upper half of the northern statue was damaged in an earthquake about 27 B.C., and the stone from Aswan was only used to repair it.",
"It was reconstructed by the Roman emperor Septimius Severus.",
"Francis Drake is said to have left the Plate of Brass on the coast of Marin County, in the San Francisco Bay Area of California, after his ship the Golden Hinde landed there in 1579.",
"The zinc content in the plate was too high because of the techniques of the English for working with brass.",
"The plate was manufactured in the first half of the 19th century.",
"The nuclear chemist who discovered the iridium anomaly that led to the development of the asteroid impact theory is known as Asaro.",
"Luis and Walter asked Asaro to look for iridium in samples of earth from the layer between the Paleogene periods.",
"They wanted to find out if the composition of the boundary layer that represented the transition between those two periods could provide insight into how long the layer had been there.",
"The amount of iridium present in samples of the Earth would be too small to detect.",
"He agreed to do the analysis with Helen and was interested in the project.",
"He thought they had done the analysis wrong when they discovered high levels of iridium.",
"The tests were repeated many times by him andMichel.",
"Frank Asaro's ability to make remarkable measurements is what killed the dinosaurs.",
"The results were independently confirmed by other groups around the world.",
"The discovery led the group to propose that an asteroid hit the Earth and caused mass extinctions.",
"Although the theory is sometimes referred to as the Alvarez hypothesis, the seminal paper published in the literature was authored by Luis and his family.",
"The theory was initially met with skepticism, but over the years has become accepted as the primary explanation of the mass extinctions that took place sixty-five million years ago.",
"While mass extinction of many species was supported by plentiful fossil records, the smaller number of dinosaur fossils available worldwide made finding the cause of their extinction more difficult.",
"In the March 5, 2010 edition of Science, an international panel of experts in geology, paleontology and related fields published the results of their review of the data, ruling in favor of the asteroid theory.",
"Legacy work by Asaro and other scientists who study archeological artifacts has become trendy in recent years with the popularity of science fiction shows such as Warehouse 13 and Stargate, where storylines involve archeological artifacts with magical, scientific, or mystical powers.",
"Minor planet 4531 Asaro is named after him.",
"There are references to 1927 births and deaths of American chemists."
] | <mask> (born <mask>, July 31, 1927 – June 10, 2014) was an Emeritus Senior Scientist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory associated with the University of California at Berkeley. He is best known as the chemist who discovered the iridium anomaly in the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary layer that led the team of Luis Alvarez, Walter Alvarez, <mask>, and Helen Michel to propose the Asteroid-Impact Theory, which postulates that an asteroid hit the Earth sixty-five million years ago and caused mass extinction during the age of the dinosaurs. Biography
<mask> grew up in Escondido, California, the son of avocado farmer and barber <mask> and Antonina (Annie<mask>. He married Lucille Marie Lavezo and settled in the California Bay Area. They had four children, <mask>, Antonina, Catherine, and Marianna. <mask>'s mother, one of the oldest known residents of Escondido, lived until almost 106 years old. The Berkeley Years
<mask> went to college at age sixteen during World War II and earned both his undergraduate and Ph.D. degrees in chemistry from the University of California, Berkeley.For his doctorate, he worked with Professor Isadore Perlman on alpha decay processes in nuclear chemistry. <mask> and Perlman collaborated over the next fourteen years on studies of nuclear structure. It was during this time that they developed a high-precision technique of neutron activation analysis that has become a standard for determining the origin of ancient artifacts, in particular pottery. <mask> initially agreed to work on the project for a few months. He writes, "How good was Perlman at choosing new fields? I thought I would take three months off to do this. I made that decision in 1967, and I'm still doing this work 32 years later."One of the first projects <mask> tackled with Perlman was a study of ancient pottery from Cyprus, known as Cypriot Bichrome ware. Aided by the Swedish archaeologist Einar Gjerstad, they obtained 1,200 pottery sherds from the second millennium B.C. excavated by the Swedish Cyprus Expedition in 1927-31. Among the many results of those studies was the work done with Michal Artzy, a then graduate student at Brandeis. Up until that time, a distinctive type pottery called "Bichrome Ware," first found in Tel Ajjul in Palestine by the archaeologist Sir Flinders Petrie, was believed to originate in Palestine after which it was exported to sites in the eastern Mediterranean. Thrown on a fast wheel and painted with animals and birds, the unusual pottery appeared to be the work of a new painter or school of painting. The Berkeley group showed that in fact the chemical composition of the pieces matched that of pottery made in Cyprus, which meant it had later been exported to Palestine and other sites, a result that had extensive ramifications on the archaeology of the eastern Mediterranean.The Colossi of Memnon
In 1973, <mask> and his colleagues embarked on a study of the Colossi of Memnon, two statues of Pharaoh Amenhotep III that have stood for 3400 years in the Theban necropolis, across the River Nile from the modern city of Luxor. Collaborating with Professor Robert Heizer and his research group in the Department of Anthropology and Archaeological Research at the University of California, Berkeley, the Asaro group analyzed the stone used to construct the statues. Erected in the early fourteenth century B.C. as guardians of the Mortuary Temple, the two 50-foot monoliths consist of a quartzose sandstone rock (quartzite) formed by quartz particles cemented with iron oxide. Archeologists had once believed that all the stone used to create the statues came from a quarry about 100 miles away from the temple site, near Aswan. <mask>'s group determined that the original rock used to build the statues actually came from quarries 420 miles away in Cairo, Egypt and was transported overland to the final site, a remarkable feat of engineering for that time. Using neutron activation analysis, <mask> and his co-workers showed that the stone from Aswan was only used to repair the upper half of the northern statue, which had been knocked over in an earthquake about 27 B.C.and reconstructed by Roman emperor Septimius Severus about 197 A.D. The Plate of Brass
The Plate of Brass, also known as Drake's Plate, is an artifact that English explorer Francis Drake purportedly left on the coast of what is now Marin County, in the San Francisco Bay Area of California, after his ship the Golden Hinde landed there in 1579. However, in 1977, <mask> and his colleague Helen Michel used neutron activation analysis to determine that the zinc content in the composition of the plate was too high and the impurity levels too low to come from techniques of sixteenth century English for working with brass. Instead, the plate was mostly likely manufactured in the first half of the nineteenth century or later. The Asteroid Impact Theory
<mask> is best known as the nuclear chemist who discovered the iridium anomaly that led to the development of the asteroid impact theory to explain the mass extinctions, including the demise of the dinosaurs, that occurred at the end of the geological era known as the Cretaceous period in Earth's history. His part in the work began when Nobel Prize–winning physicist Luis Alvarez and his son, geologist Walter Alvarez, asked <mask> to look for iridium in samples of earth from the layer between the Cretaceous and Paleogene periods. Their purpose was to discover if the composition of the boundary layer that represented the transition between those two periods could provide insight into how many years the layer represented.<mask> told the Alvarezes that the amount of iridium present in such samples of the Earth would almost certainly be too small to detect. However, he was interested in the project and agreed to perform the analysis, working with colleague Helen Michel. When they discovered remarkably high levels of iridium, he believed they had done the analysis incorrectly. He and Michel repeated the tests many times before bringing their results to Alvarez. Walter Alvarez has written, "<mask> hunts down potential mistakes with the ruthlessness of a counterspy, triple checks everything, and then checks it again .... We know today what killed the dinosaurs because of <mask>'s ability to make these remarkable measurements." The results were soon confirmed, not only for the samples provided by Alvarez, but independently by other groups around the world. That discovery resulted in the group, led by Luis Alvarez, to propose that an asteroid collided with the Earth and caused the mass extinctions.Although the theory is sometimes referred to as the Alvarez hypothesis, the seminal paper published in the literature was authored by Luis Alvarez, his son Walter, <mask>, and Helen Michel. The theory was initially met with skepticism, but over the years has become accepted as the primary explanation of the mass extinctions that took place sixty-five million years ago. <mask> himself felt that while mass extinction of many species was well-supported by plentiful fossil records, the smaller number of dinosaur fossils available worldwide made pinpointing cause of their extinction more difficult. In the March 5, 2010 edition of Science, an international panel of experts in geology, paleontology and related fields published the results of their exhaustive review of the data, ruling in favor of the asteroid theory. Legacy
Work by <mask> and other scientists who study archeological artifacts has become trendy in recent years with the popularity of science fiction shows such as Warehouse 13 and Stargate, where storylines involve archeological artifacts imbued with magical, scientific, or mystical powers. Minor planet 4531 <mask> is named in his honor. References
1927 births
2014 deaths
American chemists
UC Berkeley College of Chemistry alumni
University of California, Berkeley faculty
People from Escondido, California | [
"Frank Asaro",
"Francesco Asaro",
"Frank Asaro",
"Asaro",
"Nicolo Asaro",
") Asaro",
"Frank",
"Asaro",
"Asaro",
"Asaro",
"Asaro",
"Asaro",
"Asaro",
"Asaro",
"Asaro",
"Asaro",
"Asaro",
"Asaro",
"Asaro",
"Frank",
"Frank Asaro",
"Frank Asaro",
"Asaro",
"Asaro",
"Asaro"
] | <mask> was a Senior Scientist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and was associated with the University of California at Berkeley. He is best known as the chemist who discovered the iridium anomaly in the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary layer that led to the Asteroid-Impact Theory, which postulates that an asteroid hit the Earth. <mask> and Antonina (Annie<mask> were the parents of <mask>. He settled in the California Bay Area with his wife. Their children were <mask>, Antonina, Catherine, and Marianna. One of the oldest residents of Escondido was <mask>'s mother. After graduating from the University of California, Berkeley at the age of sixteen, The Berkeley Years <mask> went on to earn a PhD in chemistry.He worked with Professor Isadore Perlman on alpha decay processes in nuclear chemistry. They collaborated on studies of nuclear structure over the course of fourteen years. They developed a high-precision technique of neutron activation analysis that has become a standard for determining the origin of ancient artifacts. For a short time, <mask> agreed to work on the project. He asked how good Perlman was at choosing new fields. I was going to take three months off to do this. I made that decision in 1967.The study of ancient pottery from Cyprus was one of the first projects <mask> tackled. They obtained 1,200 pottery sherds from the second millennium B.C., aided by the Swedish archaeologist Einar Gjerstad. The Swedish Cyprus expedition excavated in 1927-31. The work was done with a graduate student at the time. After it was discovered in Tel Ajjul in Palestine, it was thought that the pottery was exported to sites in the eastern Mediterranean. The pottery was painted with animals and birds and appeared to be the work of a new painter. The Berkeley group showed that the chemical composition of the pieces matched that of pottery made in Cyprus, which meant it had later been exported to Palestine and other sites, a result that had extensive ramifications on the archaeology of the eastern Mediterranean.There are two statues of Pharaoh Amenhotep III in the Theban necropolis across the River Nile from the modern city of Luxor. Collaborating with Professor Robert Heizer and his research group in the Department of Anthropology and Archaeological Research at the University of California, Berkeley, the Asaro group analyzed the stone used to construct the statues. It was built in the early 14th century B.C. As caretakers of the Mortuary Temple, the two 50-foot monoliths consist of a sandstone rock formed by particles of iron oxide. Archeologists used to think that the stone used to make the statues came from a quarry 100 miles away. The original rock used to build the statues came from quarries 400 miles away in Cairo, Egypt, and was transported overland to the final site, a remarkable feat of engineering for that time. The upper half of the northern statue was damaged in an earthquake about 27 B.C., and the stone from Aswan was only used to repair it.It was reconstructed by the Roman emperor Septimius Severus. Francis Drake is said to have left the Plate of Brass on the coast of Marin County, in the San Francisco Bay Area of California, after his ship the Golden Hinde landed there in 1579. The zinc content in the plate was too high because of the techniques of the English for working with brass. The plate was manufactured in the first half of the 19th century. The nuclear chemist who discovered the iridium anomaly that led to the development of the asteroid impact theory is known as <mask>. Luis and Walter asked <mask> to look for iridium in samples of earth from the layer between the Paleogene periods. They wanted to find out if the composition of the boundary layer that represented the transition between those two periods could provide insight into how long the layer had been there.The amount of iridium present in samples of the Earth would be too small to detect. He agreed to do the analysis with Helen and was interested in the project. He thought they had done the analysis wrong when they discovered high levels of iridium. The tests were repeated many times by him andMichel. <mask>'s ability to make remarkable measurements is what killed the dinosaurs. The results were independently confirmed by other groups around the world. The discovery led the group to propose that an asteroid hit the Earth and caused mass extinctions.Although the theory is sometimes referred to as the Alvarez hypothesis, the seminal paper published in the literature was authored by Luis and his family. The theory was initially met with skepticism, but over the years has become accepted as the primary explanation of the mass extinctions that took place sixty-five million years ago. While mass extinction of many species was supported by plentiful fossil records, the smaller number of dinosaur fossils available worldwide made finding the cause of their extinction more difficult. In the March 5, 2010 edition of Science, an international panel of experts in geology, paleontology and related fields published the results of their review of the data, ruling in favor of the asteroid theory. Legacy work by <mask> and other scientists who study archeological artifacts has become trendy in recent years with the popularity of science fiction shows such as Warehouse 13 and Stargate, where storylines involve archeological artifacts with magical, scientific, or mystical powers. Minor planet 4531 <mask> is named after him. There are references to 1927 births and deaths of American chemists. | [
"Frank Asaro",
"Nicolo Asaro",
") Asaro",
"Asaro",
"Frank",
"Asaro",
"Asaro",
"Asaro",
"Asaro",
"Asaro",
"Asaro",
"Frank Asaro",
"Asaro",
"Asaro"
] |
1642096 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefano%20della%20Bella | Stefano della Bella | Stefano della Bella (17 May 1610 – 12 July 1664) was an Italian draughtsman and printmaker known for etchings of a great variety of subjects, including military and court scenes, landscapes, and lively genre scenes. He left 1052 prints, and several thousand drawings, but only one known painting. He was born and died in Florence, Italy.
Early life in Florence
Della Bella was born at Florence to a family of artists, and was apprenticed to a goldsmith, but became an engraver working briefly under Orazio Vanni and then Cesare Dandini. He studied etching under Remigio Cantagallina, who had also been the instructor of Jacques Callot. Della Bella's early prints are very similar to those of Callot. When he was seventeen years of age, he presented an etching depicting a banquet in the Palazzo Pitti to the young Giancarlo de' Medici following which della Bella would receive official commissions by the Medici family. In 1630, at the age of twenty, he produced a manuscript copy from one of the many manuscript versions of Leonardo da Vinci's Trattato della Pittura. He illustrated his copy with about 50 sketches. Della Bella's copy was published in 1792 with "accurate engravings of all of his sketches." By 1632 or 1633 he was the recipient of direct patronage from Lorenzo de Medici (brother to Cosimo II and uncle to Giancarlo de' Medici). At this time Della Bella requested from his patron permission to go to Rome "to perfect himself as an artist."
Work in Rome
Having arrived in Rome in 1633, della Bella lived and studied there for six years. He resided in the Medici Palace, producing vedute and drawings of antiquities as well as crowded images of public occasions in a series of sketchbooks. Many of these images were later turned into prints. He also recorded and assisted the court festivities of the Medici. In this period della Bella's style developed from Mannerist to Baroque. Della Bella created a series of six prints forming a long, 2.5-meter panel, showing the Polish Ambassador’s Ceremonial Entry into Rome in 1633. He also created a number of prints of views of Rome. While living in Rome, he often returned to Florence working on commissions for his clients there.
Paris and the return to Florence
In 1639, della Bella went to Paris and lived there until 1650. He adapted his style to French tastes, and was influenced by Rembrandt and other Dutch print makers. Della Bella made trips to Holland and North Africa.
The majority of della Bella's prints date from the years in Paris; he had arrived four years after the death of Callot, and was already known to important French publishers. In 1641 Cardinal Richelieu sent him to Arras to make drawings for prints of the siege and taking of that town by the royal army, and in 1644 Cardinal Mazarin commissioned four sets of educational playing cards for the young Louis XIV. His ornament prints were very innovative, seeming to look forward to the Rococo.
Della Bella also engraved views of Paris, including a very large print of the Pont Neuf, looking south from the entrance of the Place Dauphine, with topographically accurate depictions of the buildings south of the bridge on the banks of the Seine, such as the Church of Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois, the Petit Bourbon and the Louvre Palace on the right bank and the Hôtel de Nevers, the Tour de Nesle, and in the distance, the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés, on the left. The road over the bridge and in front of the central platform with the statue of Henri IV is crowded with carriages, wagons, people, and animals. Among the 451 distinct figures are beggars, gypsies, hurdy-gurdy players, children and tooth-pullers, with horses, donkeys, dogs, and even a lamb.
French anti-Italian feeling during the Fronde, and the death of Mazarin probably forced della Bella's return to Florence, where he obtained a pension from the grand duke, whose son, Cosimo III de Medici, he instructed in drawing. He continued to send plates to Paris publishers. Della Bella is known to have illustrated some discoveries for Galileo, and depicted Hansken the famous elephant, when dead. In his final years he produced a number of prints experimenting with tonal effects, though these were little known at the time; he had long made much use of wash in his drawings, and was now attempting with considerable success to achieve similar effects in etching, though only a few good impressions could be taken from the plate. In 1661 he appears to have suffered a stroke, after which he produced little work.
Antonio Francesco Lucini was one of his pupils in Florence.
Notes
Bibliography
De Vesme, Alexandre (1906). "Étienne Della Bella", pp. 66–79 and "Oeuvre d'Étienne Della Bella", pp. 79–332", in Le Peintre-Graveur italien (at Internet Archive). Milan: Ulrico Hoepli.
Massar, Phyllis Dearborn (1968). "Presenting Stefano della Bella." The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, vol. 27 (New Series), no. 3 (November, 1968), pp. 159–176. . .
Massar, Phyllis D. (1971). Stefano Della Bella, Catalogue Raisonné. Alexandre De Vesme with Introduction and Additions by Phyllis Dearborn Massar. New York: Collectors Editions.
Massar, Phyllis D. (1996). "Bella, Stefano della", vol. 3, pp. 631–634, in The Dictionary of Art (34 vols.), edited by Jane Turner. New York: Grove. . Also at Oxford Art Online, subscription required (accessed 22 November 2010).
Reed, Sue Welsh & Wallace, Richard, editors (1989). Italian Etchers of the Renaissance and Baroque, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. or 304-4 (pb)
External links
Works by Stefano della Bella at the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
Stefano della Bella Etchings , Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles, Accession No. P830003. The collection includes four suites of etchings by Stefano della Bella, comprising 35 prints. Primarily decorative, they depict genre scenes of people and animals (in rural settings), fantastic vases, panels of grotesques, and the Medici Villa Demidoff and its gardens near Florence.
1610 births
1664 deaths
Italian printmakers
Italian draughtsmen
Italian engravers
Italian war artists
Artists from Florence | [
"Stefano della Bella (17 May 1610 – 12 July 1664) was an Italian draughtsman and printmaker known for etchings of a great variety of subjects, including military and court scenes, landscapes, and lively genre scenes.",
"He left 1052 prints, and several thousand drawings, but only one known painting.",
"He was born and died in Florence, Italy.",
"Early life in Florence\nDella Bella was born at Florence to a family of artists, and was apprenticed to a goldsmith, but became an engraver working briefly under Orazio Vanni and then Cesare Dandini.",
"He studied etching under Remigio Cantagallina, who had also been the instructor of Jacques Callot.",
"Della Bella's early prints are very similar to those of Callot.",
"When he was seventeen years of age, he presented an etching depicting a banquet in the Palazzo Pitti to the young Giancarlo de' Medici following which della Bella would receive official commissions by the Medici family.",
"In 1630, at the age of twenty, he produced a manuscript copy from one of the many manuscript versions of Leonardo da Vinci's Trattato della Pittura.",
"He illustrated his copy with about 50 sketches.",
"Della Bella's copy was published in 1792 with \"accurate engravings of all of his sketches.\"",
"By 1632 or 1633 he was the recipient of direct patronage from Lorenzo de Medici (brother to Cosimo II and uncle to Giancarlo de' Medici).",
"At this time Della Bella requested from his patron permission to go to Rome \"to perfect himself as an artist.\"",
"Work in Rome\nHaving arrived in Rome in 1633, della Bella lived and studied there for six years.",
"He resided in the Medici Palace, producing vedute and drawings of antiquities as well as crowded images of public occasions in a series of sketchbooks.",
"Many of these images were later turned into prints.",
"He also recorded and assisted the court festivities of the Medici.",
"In this period della Bella's style developed from Mannerist to Baroque.",
"Della Bella created a series of six prints forming a long, 2.5-meter panel, showing the Polish Ambassador’s Ceremonial Entry into Rome in 1633.",
"He also created a number of prints of views of Rome.",
"While living in Rome, he often returned to Florence working on commissions for his clients there.",
"Paris and the return to Florence\nIn 1639, della Bella went to Paris and lived there until 1650.",
"He adapted his style to French tastes, and was influenced by Rembrandt and other Dutch print makers.",
"Della Bella made trips to Holland and North Africa.",
"The majority of della Bella's prints date from the years in Paris; he had arrived four years after the death of Callot, and was already known to important French publishers.",
"In 1641 Cardinal Richelieu sent him to Arras to make drawings for prints of the siege and taking of that town by the royal army, and in 1644 Cardinal Mazarin commissioned four sets of educational playing cards for the young Louis XIV.",
"His ornament prints were very innovative, seeming to look forward to the Rococo.",
"Della Bella also engraved views of Paris, including a very large print of the Pont Neuf, looking south from the entrance of the Place Dauphine, with topographically accurate depictions of the buildings south of the bridge on the banks of the Seine, such as the Church of Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois, the Petit Bourbon and the Louvre Palace on the right bank and the Hôtel de Nevers, the Tour de Nesle, and in the distance, the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés, on the left.",
"The road over the bridge and in front of the central platform with the statue of Henri IV is crowded with carriages, wagons, people, and animals.",
"Among the 451 distinct figures are beggars, gypsies, hurdy-gurdy players, children and tooth-pullers, with horses, donkeys, dogs, and even a lamb.",
"French anti-Italian feeling during the Fronde, and the death of Mazarin probably forced della Bella's return to Florence, where he obtained a pension from the grand duke, whose son, Cosimo III de Medici, he instructed in drawing.",
"He continued to send plates to Paris publishers.",
"Della Bella is known to have illustrated some discoveries for Galileo, and depicted Hansken the famous elephant, when dead.",
"In his final years he produced a number of prints experimenting with tonal effects, though these were little known at the time; he had long made much use of wash in his drawings, and was now attempting with considerable success to achieve similar effects in etching, though only a few good impressions could be taken from the plate.",
"In 1661 he appears to have suffered a stroke, after which he produced little work.",
"Antonio Francesco Lucini was one of his pupils in Florence.",
"Notes\n\nBibliography\n \n De Vesme, Alexandre (1906).",
"\"Étienne Della Bella\", pp.",
"66–79 and \"Oeuvre d'Étienne Della Bella\", pp.",
"79–332\", in Le Peintre-Graveur italien (at Internet Archive).",
"Milan: Ulrico Hoepli.",
"Massar, Phyllis Dearborn (1968).",
"\"Presenting Stefano della Bella.\"",
"The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, vol.",
"27 (New Series), no.",
"3 (November, 1968), pp.",
"159–176.",
". .\n Massar, Phyllis D. (1971).",
"Stefano Della Bella, Catalogue Raisonné.",
"Alexandre De Vesme with Introduction and Additions by Phyllis Dearborn Massar.",
"New York: Collectors Editions.",
"Massar, Phyllis D. (1996).",
"\"Bella, Stefano della\", vol.",
"3, pp.",
"631–634, in The Dictionary of Art (34 vols.",
"), edited by Jane Turner.",
"New York: Grove. . Also at Oxford Art Online, subscription required (accessed 22 November 2010).",
"Reed, Sue Welsh & Wallace, Richard, editors (1989).",
"Italian Etchers of the Renaissance and Baroque, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.",
"or 304-4 (pb)\n\nExternal links\n\nWorks by Stefano della Bella at the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa\nStefano della Bella Etchings , Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles, Accession No.",
"P830003.",
"The collection includes four suites of etchings by Stefano della Bella, comprising 35 prints.",
"Primarily decorative, they depict genre scenes of people and animals (in rural settings), fantastic vases, panels of grotesques, and the Medici Villa Demidoff and its gardens near Florence.",
"1610 births\n1664 deaths\nItalian printmakers\nItalian draughtsmen\nItalian engravers\nItalian war artists\nArtists from Florence"
] | [
"Military and court scenes, landscapes, and lively genre scenes are just a few of the subjects that Stefano della Bella was known for.",
"He left prints, drawings, and a painting.",
"He died in Florence, Italy.",
"Florence was home to a family of artists, and one of them was an engraver working under Cesare Dandini.",
"He studied etching under Cantagallina, who taught Jacques Callot.",
"Callot's early prints are very similar to those of Della Bella.",
"He presented an etching depicting a banquet in the Palazzo Pitti to the young Giancarlo de' Medici after which he would receive official commission from the Medici family.",
"He produced a manuscript copy of Leonardo da Vinci's Trattato della Pittura at the age of twenty.",
"He used about 50 sketches to illustrate his copy.",
"It was published with accurate engravings of all of his sketches.",
"Lorenzo de Medici was the brother to Cosimo II and uncle to Giancarlo de' Medici.",
"He requested from his patron permission to go to Rome to perfect himself as an artist.",
"della Bella lived and studied in Rome for six years after arriving in Rome in 1633.",
"He lived in the Medici Palace and produced vedute and drawings of antiquities as well as crowded images of public occasions in a series of sketchbooks.",
"Many of the images were turned into prints.",
"The Medici festivities were recorded and assisted by him.",
"della Bella's style developed from Mannerist to Baroque.",
"The Polish Ambassador's entry into Rome in 1633 was shown in a series of six prints.",
"He created a number of prints of Rome.",
"While living in Rome, he would often return to Florence to work for his clients there.",
"della Bella lived in Paris until 1650, when he returned to Florence.",
"He was influenced by Rembrandt and other Dutch print makers.",
"She traveled to Holland and North Africa.",
"He arrived in Paris four years after Callot's death and was already known to important French publishers.",
"In 1641 Cardinal Richelieu sent him to make drawings for prints of the siege and taking of that town by the royal army, and in 1644 Cardinal Mazarin commissioned four sets of educational playing cards for the young Louis XIV.",
"His prints looked forward to the Rococo.",
"There is a large print of the Pont Neuf, looking south from the entrance of the Place Dauphine, with depictions of the buildings south of the bridge on the banks of the Seine.",
"There are a lot of people and animals on the road over the bridge and in front of the central platform.",
"The figures include beggars, gypsies, hurdy-gurdy players, children and tooth-pullers.",
"The death of Mazarin probably forced della Bella to return to Florence, where he obtained a pension from the grand duke, whose son, Cosimo III de Medici, he instructed in drawing.",
"Plates were sent to Paris publishers.",
"Hansken, the famous elephant, was depicted by Della Bella when he was dead.",
"In his final years he produced a number of prints experimenting with tonal effects, though these were little known at the time; he had long made use of wash in his drawings, and was now attempting with considerable success to achieve similar effects in etching, though only a few good impressions could be taken",
"He produced little work after he had a stroke.",
"One of his students was Antonio Francesco Lucini.",
"There are notes about De Vesme.",
"\"tienne Della Bella\"",
"\"Oeuvre d'tienne Della Bella\", pp. 66–79.",
"In Le Peintre-Graveur italien.",
"Milan: Ulrico Hoepli.",
"Massar and Dearborn were both born in 1968.",
"\"Presenting Stefano della Bella.\"",
"The Bulletin of the Metropolitan Museum of Art.",
"There is a new series.",
"pp. 3 (November, 1968)",
"159–176.",
"Massar,Phyllis D.",
"The catalogue Raisonné was written by Stefano Della Bella.",
"The introduction and additions by Phyllis Massar was written by Alexandre De Vesme.",
"The Collectors Edition of New York.",
"Massar,Phyllis D.",
"\"Bella, Stefano della\"",
"pp.",
"The Dictionary of Art was published in 34 volumes.",
"Jane Turner edited it.",
"Also at Oxford Art Online, a subscription is required.",
"Reed, Sue Welsh and Wallace were editors.",
"The Museum of Fine Arts is in Boston.",
"The Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa Stefano della Bella Etchings has external links.",
"P830003.",
"There are four suites of etchings and 35 prints in the collection.",
"They depict genre scenes of people and animals in rural settings, as well as fantastic vases and panels of grotesques.",
"1610 births and 1664 deaths."
] | <mask> (17 May 1610 – 12 July 1664) was an Italian draughtsman and printmaker known for etchings of a great variety of subjects, including military and court scenes, landscapes, and lively genre scenes. He left 1052 prints, and several thousand drawings, but only one known painting. He was born and died in Florence, Italy. Early life in Florence
<mask> was born at Florence to a family of artists, and was apprenticed to a goldsmith, but became an engraver working briefly under Orazio Vanni and then Cesare Dandini. He studied etching under Remigio Cantagallina, who had also been the instructor of Jacques Callot. <mask>'s early prints are very similar to those of Callot. When he was seventeen years of age, he presented an etching depicting a banquet in the Palazzo Pitti to the young Giancarlo de' Medici following which <mask> would receive official commissions by the Medici family.In 1630, at the age of twenty, he produced a manuscript copy from one of the many manuscript versions of Leonardo da Vinci's Trattato della Pittura. He illustrated his copy with about 50 sketches. <mask>'s copy was published in 1792 with "accurate engravings of all of his sketches." By 1632 or 1633 he was the recipient of direct patronage from Lorenzo de Medici (brother to Cosimo II and uncle to Giancarlo de' Medici). At this time <mask> requested from his patron permission to go to Rome "to perfect himself as an artist." Work in Rome
Having arrived in Rome in 1633, <mask> lived and studied there for six years. He resided in the Medici Palace, producing vedute and drawings of antiquities as well as crowded images of public occasions in a series of sketchbooks.Many of these images were later turned into prints. He also recorded and assisted the court festivities of the Medici. In this period <mask>'s style developed from Mannerist to Baroque. <mask> created a series of six prints forming a long, 2.5-meter panel, showing the Polish Ambassador’s Ceremonial Entry into Rome in 1633. He also created a number of prints of views of Rome. While living in Rome, he often returned to Florence working on commissions for his clients there. Paris and the return to Florence
In 1639, <mask> went to Paris and lived there until 1650.He adapted his style to French tastes, and was influenced by Rembrandt and other Dutch print makers. <mask> made trips to Holland and North Africa. The majority of <mask>'s prints date from the years in Paris; he had arrived four years after the death of Callot, and was already known to important French publishers. In 1641 Cardinal Richelieu sent him to Arras to make drawings for prints of the siege and taking of that town by the royal army, and in 1644 Cardinal Mazarin commissioned four sets of educational playing cards for the young Louis XIV. His ornament prints were very innovative, seeming to look forward to the Rococo. <mask> also engraved views of Paris, including a very large print of the Pont Neuf, looking south from the entrance of the Place Dauphine, with topographically accurate depictions of the buildings south of the bridge on the banks of the Seine, such as the Church of Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois, the Petit Bourbon and the Louvre Palace on the right bank and the Hôtel de Nevers, the Tour de Nesle, and in the distance, the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés, on the left. The road over the bridge and in front of the central platform with the statue of Henri IV is crowded with carriages, wagons, people, and animals.Among the 451 distinct figures are beggars, gypsies, hurdy-gurdy players, children and tooth-pullers, with horses, donkeys, dogs, and even a lamb. French anti-Italian feeling during the Fronde, and the death of Mazarin probably forced <mask>'s return to Florence, where he obtained a pension from the grand duke, whose son, Cosimo III de Medici, he instructed in drawing. He continued to send plates to Paris publishers. <mask> is known to have illustrated some discoveries for Galileo, and depicted Hansken the famous elephant, when dead. In his final years he produced a number of prints experimenting with tonal effects, though these were little known at the time; he had long made much use of wash in his drawings, and was now attempting with considerable success to achieve similar effects in etching, though only a few good impressions could be taken from the plate. In 1661 he appears to have suffered a stroke, after which he produced little work. Antonio Francesco Lucini was one of his pupils in Florence.Notes
Bibliography
De Vesme, Alexandre (1906). "Étienne Della Bella", pp. 66–79 and "Oeuvre d'Étienne Della Bella", pp. 79–332", in Le Peintre-Graveur italien (at Internet Archive). Milan: Ulrico Hoepli. Massar, Phyllis Dearborn (1968). "Presenting <mask> <mask>."The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, vol. 27 (New Series), no. 3 (November, 1968), pp. 159–176. . .
Massar, Phyllis D. (1971). <mask> <mask>, Catalogue Raisonné. Alexandre De Vesme with Introduction and Additions by Phyllis Dearborn Massar.New York: Collectors Editions. Massar, Phyllis D. (1996). "<mask>, <mask> della", vol. 3, pp. 631–634, in The Dictionary of Art (34 vols. ), edited by Jane Turner. New York: Grove. . Also at Oxford Art Online, subscription required (accessed 22 November 2010).Reed, Sue Welsh & Wallace, Richard, editors (1989). Italian Etchers of the Renaissance and Baroque, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. or 304-4 (pb)
External links
Works by <mask> <mask> at the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
Stefano <mask> Etchings , Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles, Accession No. P830003. The collection includes four suites of etchings by <mask> <mask>, comprising 35 prints. Primarily decorative, they depict genre scenes of people and animals (in rural settings), fantastic vases, panels of grotesques, and the Medici Villa Demidoff and its gardens near Florence. 1610 births
1664 deaths
Italian printmakers
Italian draughtsmen
Italian engravers
Italian war artists
Artists from Florence | [
"Stefano della Bella",
"Della Bella",
"Della Bella",
"della Bella",
"Della Bella",
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"della Bella",
"Della Bella",
"della Bella",
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] | Military and court scenes, landscapes, and lively genre scenes are just a few of the subjects that <mask> was known for. He left prints, drawings, and a painting. He died in Florence, Italy. Florence was home to a family of artists, and one of them was an engraver working under Cesare Dandini. He studied etching under Cantagallina, who taught Jacques Callot. Callot's early prints are very similar to those of <mask>. He presented an etching depicting a banquet in the Palazzo Pitti to the young Giancarlo de' Medici after which he would receive official commission from the Medici family.He produced a manuscript copy of Leonardo da Vinci's Trattato della Pittura at the age of twenty. He used about 50 sketches to illustrate his copy. It was published with accurate engravings of all of his sketches. Lorenzo de Medici was the brother to Cosimo II and uncle to Giancarlo de' Medici. He requested from his patron permission to go to Rome to perfect himself as an artist. <mask> lived and studied in Rome for six years after arriving in Rome in 1633. He lived in the Medici Palace and produced vedute and drawings of antiquities as well as crowded images of public occasions in a series of sketchbooks.Many of the images were turned into prints. The Medici festivities were recorded and assisted by him. <mask>'s style developed from Mannerist to Baroque. The Polish Ambassador's entry into Rome in 1633 was shown in a series of six prints. He created a number of prints of Rome. While living in Rome, he would often return to Florence to work for his clients there. <mask> lived in Paris until 1650, when he returned to Florence.He was influenced by Rembrandt and other Dutch print makers. She traveled to Holland and North Africa. He arrived in Paris four years after Callot's death and was already known to important French publishers. In 1641 Cardinal Richelieu sent him to make drawings for prints of the siege and taking of that town by the royal army, and in 1644 Cardinal Mazarin commissioned four sets of educational playing cards for the young Louis XIV. His prints looked forward to the Rococo. There is a large print of the Pont Neuf, looking south from the entrance of the Place Dauphine, with depictions of the buildings south of the bridge on the banks of the Seine. There are a lot of people and animals on the road over the bridge and in front of the central platform.The figures include beggars, gypsies, hurdy-gurdy players, children and tooth-pullers. The death of Mazarin probably forced <mask> to return to Florence, where he obtained a pension from the grand duke, whose son, Cosimo III de Medici, he instructed in drawing. Plates were sent to Paris publishers. Hansken, the famous elephant, was depicted by <mask> when he was dead. In his final years he produced a number of prints experimenting with tonal effects, though these were little known at the time; he had long made use of wash in his drawings, and was now attempting with considerable success to achieve similar effects in etching, though only a few good impressions could be taken He produced little work after he had a stroke. One of his students was Antonio Francesco Lucini.There are notes about De Vesme. "tienne <mask>" "Oeuvre d'tienne Della Bella", pp. 66–79. In Le Peintre-Graveur italien. Milan: Ulrico Hoepli. Massar and Dearborn were both born in 1968. "Presenting <mask> <mask>."The Bulletin of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. There is a new series. pp. 3 (November, 1968) 159–176. Massar,Phyllis D. The catalogue Raisonné was written by <mask> <mask>. The introduction and additions by Phyllis Massar was written by Alexandre De Vesme.The Collectors Edition of New York. Massar,Phyllis D. "<mask>, <mask>" pp. The Dictionary of Art was published in 34 volumes. Jane Turner edited it. Also at Oxford Art Online, a subscription is required.Reed, Sue Welsh and Wallace were editors. The Museum of Fine Arts is in Boston. The Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa Stefano della Bella Etchings has external links. P830003. There are four suites of etchings and 35 prints in the collection. They depict genre scenes of people and animals in rural settings, as well as fantastic vases and panels of grotesques. 1610 births and 1664 deaths. | [
"Stefano della Bella",
"Della Bella",
"della Bella",
"della Bella",
"della Bella",
"della Bella",
"Della Bella",
"Della Bella",
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"Bella",
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] |
32822907 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evelin%20Banev | Evelin Banev | Evelin Banev (Bulgarian: Евелин Банев; October 8, 1964), also known by his nickname Brendo (Bulgarian: Брендо) is a real estate developer, published writer, and former wrestler.
Banev became known for his imprisonment and multiple criminal prosecutions for money laundering and drug trafficking in Bulgaria and Italy. In July 2014, the Sofia Court of Appeal acquitted Banev of all criminal charges against him and overturned a -year sentence issued previously by the Sofia City Court. In September 2015, Italy’s Supreme Court of Cassation annulled his 20-year prison term for drug trafficking and returned the case for retrial to the Appellate Court of Milan. Banev's prosecutions, criminal activities, and imprisonment have been highly controversial and politicized. During his imprisonment, Banev's 10-year-old daughter was abducted and freed after almost two months in captivity.
In 2015, Banev self-published a book titled I Gaze Upon the Soul of Bulgaria, which he wrote during his time in prison.
Early life and education
Banev was born in Burgas, Bulgaria.
Since 1985, when he enrolled to the National Sports Academy, Brendo has lived in Sofia. During his time at the Academy, Banev frequently travelled to international camps, tournaments and wrestling competitions representing his club "Academic - Sofia" and the Bulgarian National Wrestling Team. Banev has been awarded the "Master of Sport" title in Bulgaria and wrestled in the 74 kg category, under the instruction of Dimitar Dobrev.
Entrepreneurship
After the 1989 political changes in Eastern Europe, Banev spent most of his time outside of Bulgaria. During that time, Banev accumulated his fortune during the Dot-com bubble. He is also a real estate investor and entrepreneur involved in multiple projects in Bulgaria's riviera and capital.
Criminal prosecutions
In April 2007, the Sofia City Prosecutor indicted Banev for organizing a criminal group and money laundering. Subsequently, Banev was arrested and released on bail.
Banev's case caused a media stir again in 2008, when Switzerland agreed to lift its bank secrecy and to submit bank documentation to the Bulgarian authorities. Later, it was made public, that in its requests for judicial assistance to Switzerland, the Bulgarian Prosecutor's Office has sent false information – i.e. stating that Banev is accused of drug trafficking and distribution rather than of money laundering.
As of May 2012, Banev's case was still pending with court hearings being postponed at the request of the prosecution. In relation to the case, various Bulgarian media and EU commission reports commented on the groundless accusations and the abuse of power by the prosecution. At this time, the Bulgarian authorities initiated operation "Cocaine Kings" with an overwhelming media coverage, including a press conference with the Italian authorities. During the operation, some 30 people were arrested, including Banev. Banev was accused of financing drug trafficking between South America and Europe, and Italy claimed responsibility for criminally charging him.
Following operation "Cocaine Kings", Italy requested a temporary extradition of Banev, which he and his legal team fought. However, the Bulgarian Court of Appeals confirmed Banev's 1-year extradition to Italy on July 17, 2012, with the condition that he will be returned to Bulgaria when needed for his money laundering trial. The extradition hearing was not without controversy, as the court denied Banev's right to appoint a new defense attorney and rejected the request of the publicly appointed attorney for more time to familiarize herself with the case. Banev was extradited to Italy on July 26, 2012.
In February 2013, Sofia City Court sentenced Banev to 7 1/2 years in prison, while acquitting the other 3 people accused with him. Banev’s lawyer, Ina Lulcheva, said that the appeal against the finding of the Sofia City Court would be based on a lack of evidence justifying the conviction. That the group had travelled together made them at most a tour group, not an organised crime group, she said. The defense further stated:
"I will not comment on the length of the sentence. The defense pleaded that there is no crime, as such the punishment is not significant. In this case, it is indicative that it was established that there is money laundered from a person, who has never even been questioned or interrogated. We have not asked that he is questioned, because there is no evidence that he has any connections with the defendants; the prosecution did not want his questioning, because in my opinion, they knew that their accusation would not be confirmed. As such, the court accepted that money is laundered from the activity of a person and his group, without even questioning this person".
After a 4-month trial, in July 2013, the Milan City Court sentenced Banev to 20 years in prison for participating in a criminal organization for international drug trafficking. Banev's defense attorney stated that, "Banev has not even entered Italy" and that there is not one evidence linking him to the charges. Before the court, his attorney pointed out that all of the Milan prosecutor evidence was coming from Bulgaria, not from Italy - in Italy, Banev was never under surveillance, wiretapped, followed, or investigated. The Italian judge who sentenced Banev, stated in an interview with a prominent Bulgarian newspaper that he highly recommends that Banev appeals the sentencing because "until now not a single evidence of Banev's guilt has been deposited; Banev has never been caught in the act of crime, and he was sentenced only by the testimonies (which were presumed truthful) of other defendants".
Following the trial, Banev was returned to Bulgaria, where in July 2014, the Sofia Court of Appeal ruled him "not guilty" of money laundering and released him on probation.
On September 22, 2015, Italy’s Supreme Court of Cassation annulled Banev's 20-year prison term for drug trafficking and ordered a retrial to the Appellate Court of Milan. Italy's Supreme Court of Cassation upheld the sentences of all other people convicted under the "Cocaine Kings" affair. The court cited that Banev's unjust conviction was due to lack of any evidence and irregularities in the use of facts. In annulling his 20-year conviction, the court reported that Banev's net worth and political neutrality had led to "antagonisms that motivated incorrect assessment of [his] personality".
Counter-allegations
Banev said that he was invited in writing to a meeting with the Interior Minister, Rumen Petkov, who requested Brendo’s assistance – i.e. to falsely testify against “the Margin” brothers. According to Banev, his refusal to cooperate with the Minister is the main reason behind the 2007 charges for money laundering against him.
Kidnapping of Banev's daughter
Banev's ten-year-old daughter, Lara, was kidnapped by three masked men at about 7:30 am on March 5, 2013, while leaving her home in Sofia. The men shot her unarmed driver twice in the back. It was the first kidnapping in Bulgaria since 2009. The motives behind the kidnapping were the cause for much speculation. In a televised press conference three days later, Chief Prosecutor Sotir Tsatsarov stated that, "The kidnapping of Lara is a message to Brendo".
This leads to the other suspicion - the key politicians of Boyko Borisov's cabinet in resignation - Prime Minister Borisov himself, Minister of Interior Tzvetan Tzvetanov, and the Chief of the Chief Directorate "Combating Organized Crime", Stanimir Florov. As stated by Aleksey Petrov, "If Brendo talks about Borisov, Tzvetanov, and Florov, it will be frightening". The media states that the failing GERB party, via its two main figures, Borisov and Tzvetanov, is trying to keep the power and to win the elections at any cost - using a brutal kidnapping as a sign that "without them organized crime is coming back" while sending a signal to Banev to keep quiet. This message was clearly given by Tzvetanov himself during a TV interview in which he avoided the question "Where is Lara?" several times and finally answered, "What happened is unpleasant, but let's not forget who her father is".
Lara Baneva was released, physically unharmed, on April 21, 2013; she was left in front of a police station in Sofia at approximately 10:00 pm. It was reported, but unconfirmed, that the kidnappers had originally demanded a €10 million ransom, but later agreed to free her in exchange of €530,000.
Self-published books
In March 2015, Evelin Banev self-published a novel titled I Gaze Upon the Soul of Bulgaria, which he wrote while in prison. The spiritual novel is about the journey to self-discovery and realization as passed on by the main character, Max, after a 20-year imprisonment, to his daughter Anna. Banev is also the artist of the book cover - an illustration of two mandalas.
References
Bulgarian businesspeople
1964 births
Living people
Bulgarian male sport wrestlers
Writers from Burgas
Bulgarian gangsters | [
"Evelin Banev (Bulgarian: Евелин Банев; October 8, 1964), also known by his nickname Brendo (Bulgarian: Брендо) is a real estate developer, published writer, and former wrestler.",
"Banev became known for his imprisonment and multiple criminal prosecutions for money laundering and drug trafficking in Bulgaria and Italy.",
"In July 2014, the Sofia Court of Appeal acquitted Banev of all criminal charges against him and overturned a -year sentence issued previously by the Sofia City Court.",
"In September 2015, Italy’s Supreme Court of Cassation annulled his 20-year prison term for drug trafficking and returned the case for retrial to the Appellate Court of Milan.",
"Banev's prosecutions, criminal activities, and imprisonment have been highly controversial and politicized.",
"During his imprisonment, Banev's 10-year-old daughter was abducted and freed after almost two months in captivity.",
"In 2015, Banev self-published a book titled I Gaze Upon the Soul of Bulgaria, which he wrote during his time in prison.",
"Early life and education \nBanev was born in Burgas, Bulgaria.",
"Since 1985, when he enrolled to the National Sports Academy, Brendo has lived in Sofia.",
"During his time at the Academy, Banev frequently travelled to international camps, tournaments and wrestling competitions representing his club \"Academic - Sofia\" and the Bulgarian National Wrestling Team.",
"Banev has been awarded the \"Master of Sport\" title in Bulgaria and wrestled in the 74 kg category, under the instruction of Dimitar Dobrev.",
"Entrepreneurship \nAfter the 1989 political changes in Eastern Europe, Banev spent most of his time outside of Bulgaria.",
"During that time, Banev accumulated his fortune during the Dot-com bubble.",
"He is also a real estate investor and entrepreneur involved in multiple projects in Bulgaria's riviera and capital.",
"Criminal prosecutions \nIn April 2007, the Sofia City Prosecutor indicted Banev for organizing a criminal group and money laundering.",
"Subsequently, Banev was arrested and released on bail.",
"Banev's case caused a media stir again in 2008, when Switzerland agreed to lift its bank secrecy and to submit bank documentation to the Bulgarian authorities.",
"Later, it was made public, that in its requests for judicial assistance to Switzerland, the Bulgarian Prosecutor's Office has sent false information – i.e.",
"stating that Banev is accused of drug trafficking and distribution rather than of money laundering.",
"As of May 2012, Banev's case was still pending with court hearings being postponed at the request of the prosecution.",
"In relation to the case, various Bulgarian media and EU commission reports commented on the groundless accusations and the abuse of power by the prosecution.",
"At this time, the Bulgarian authorities initiated operation \"Cocaine Kings\" with an overwhelming media coverage, including a press conference with the Italian authorities.",
"During the operation, some 30 people were arrested, including Banev.",
"Banev was accused of financing drug trafficking between South America and Europe, and Italy claimed responsibility for criminally charging him.",
"Following operation \"Cocaine Kings\", Italy requested a temporary extradition of Banev, which he and his legal team fought.",
"However, the Bulgarian Court of Appeals confirmed Banev's 1-year extradition to Italy on July 17, 2012, with the condition that he will be returned to Bulgaria when needed for his money laundering trial.",
"The extradition hearing was not without controversy, as the court denied Banev's right to appoint a new defense attorney and rejected the request of the publicly appointed attorney for more time to familiarize herself with the case.",
"Banev was extradited to Italy on July 26, 2012.",
"In February 2013, Sofia City Court sentenced Banev to 7 1/2 years in prison, while acquitting the other 3 people accused with him.",
"Banev’s lawyer, Ina Lulcheva, said that the appeal against the finding of the Sofia City Court would be based on a lack of evidence justifying the conviction.",
"That the group had travelled together made them at most a tour group, not an organised crime group, she said.",
"The defense further stated:\n\n\"I will not comment on the length of the sentence.",
"The defense pleaded that there is no crime, as such the punishment is not significant.",
"In this case, it is indicative that it was established that there is money laundered from a person, who has never even been questioned or interrogated.",
"We have not asked that he is questioned, because there is no evidence that he has any connections with the defendants; the prosecution did not want his questioning, because in my opinion, they knew that their accusation would not be confirmed.",
"As such, the court accepted that money is laundered from the activity of a person and his group, without even questioning this person\".",
"After a 4-month trial, in July 2013, the Milan City Court sentenced Banev to 20 years in prison for participating in a criminal organization for international drug trafficking.",
"Banev's defense attorney stated that, \"Banev has not even entered Italy\" and that there is not one evidence linking him to the charges.",
"Before the court, his attorney pointed out that all of the Milan prosecutor evidence was coming from Bulgaria, not from Italy - in Italy, Banev was never under surveillance, wiretapped, followed, or investigated.",
"The Italian judge who sentenced Banev, stated in an interview with a prominent Bulgarian newspaper that he highly recommends that Banev appeals the sentencing because \"until now not a single evidence of Banev's guilt has been deposited; Banev has never been caught in the act of crime, and he was sentenced only by the testimonies (which were presumed truthful) of other defendants\".",
"Following the trial, Banev was returned to Bulgaria, where in July 2014, the Sofia Court of Appeal ruled him \"not guilty\" of money laundering and released him on probation.",
"On September 22, 2015, Italy’s Supreme Court of Cassation annulled Banev's 20-year prison term for drug trafficking and ordered a retrial to the Appellate Court of Milan.",
"Italy's Supreme Court of Cassation upheld the sentences of all other people convicted under the \"Cocaine Kings\" affair.",
"The court cited that Banev's unjust conviction was due to lack of any evidence and irregularities in the use of facts.",
"In annulling his 20-year conviction, the court reported that Banev's net worth and political neutrality had led to \"antagonisms that motivated incorrect assessment of [his] personality\".",
"Counter-allegations \nBanev said that he was invited in writing to a meeting with the Interior Minister, Rumen Petkov, who requested Brendo’s assistance – i.e.",
"to falsely testify against “the Margin” brothers.",
"According to Banev, his refusal to cooperate with the Minister is the main reason behind the 2007 charges for money laundering against him.",
"Kidnapping of Banev's daughter\nBanev's ten-year-old daughter, Lara, was kidnapped by three masked men at about 7:30 am on March 5, 2013, while leaving her home in Sofia.",
"The men shot her unarmed driver twice in the back.",
"It was the first kidnapping in Bulgaria since 2009.",
"The motives behind the kidnapping were the cause for much speculation.",
"In a televised press conference three days later, Chief Prosecutor Sotir Tsatsarov stated that, \"The kidnapping of Lara is a message to Brendo\".",
"This leads to the other suspicion - the key politicians of Boyko Borisov's cabinet in resignation - Prime Minister Borisov himself, Minister of Interior Tzvetan Tzvetanov, and the Chief of the Chief Directorate \"Combating Organized Crime\", Stanimir Florov.",
"As stated by Aleksey Petrov, \"If Brendo talks about Borisov, Tzvetanov, and Florov, it will be frightening\".",
"The media states that the failing GERB party, via its two main figures, Borisov and Tzvetanov, is trying to keep the power and to win the elections at any cost - using a brutal kidnapping as a sign that \"without them organized crime is coming back\" while sending a signal to Banev to keep quiet.",
"This message was clearly given by Tzvetanov himself during a TV interview in which he avoided the question \"Where is Lara?\"",
"several times and finally answered, \"What happened is unpleasant, but let's not forget who her father is\".",
"Lara Baneva was released, physically unharmed, on April 21, 2013; she was left in front of a police station in Sofia at approximately 10:00 pm.",
"It was reported, but unconfirmed, that the kidnappers had originally demanded a €10 million ransom, but later agreed to free her in exchange of €530,000.",
"Self-published books\nIn March 2015, Evelin Banev self-published a novel titled I Gaze Upon the Soul of Bulgaria, which he wrote while in prison.",
"The spiritual novel is about the journey to self-discovery and realization as passed on by the main character, Max, after a 20-year imprisonment, to his daughter Anna.",
"Banev is also the artist of the book cover - an illustration of two mandalas.",
"References \n\nBulgarian businesspeople\n1964 births\nLiving people\nBulgarian male sport wrestlers\nWriters from Burgas\nBulgarian gangsters"
] | [
"Evelin Banev is a real estate developer, published writer, and former wrestler.",
"Banev was known for his imprisonment and multiple criminal prosecutions for money-laundering and drug-trafficking.",
"The Sofia Court of Appeal acquitted Banev of all criminal charges in July of last year.",
"The case was returned to the Appellate Court of Milan by Italy's Supreme Court after it was found that the 20-year prison term was excessive.",
"Banev's prosecutions, criminal activities, and imprisonment have been politicized.",
"Banev's 10-year-old daughter was kidnapped and freed after almost two months in captivity.",
"Banev self-published a book in 2015, which he wrote while in prison.",
"Banev was born in Burgas, Bulgaria, and was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217",
"When he was a student at the National Sports Academy, he lived in Sofia.",
"During his time at the Academy, Banev traveled to international camps, tournaments and wrestling competition to represent his club \"Academic -Sofia\" and the Bulgaria National Wrestling Team.",
"Banev won the title of \"Master of Sport\" in Bulgaria and wrestled in the 74 kilogram category under the guidance of Dimitar Dobrev.",
"Banev spent most of his time outside of Bulgaria after the political changes in Eastern Europe.",
"Banev had a lot of money during the Dot-com bubble.",
"He is involved in a number of projects in Bulgaria's riviera and capital.",
"Banev was indicted for organizing a criminal group and money-laundering.",
"Banev was released on bail.",
"Banev's case caused a media stir again in 2008, when Switzerland agreed to lift its bank secrecy.",
"The public was made aware that false information was sent in the requests for judicial assistance to Switzerland.",
"Banev is accused of drug distribution rather than money-laundering.",
"Banev's case was still pending as of May 2012 with court hearings being postponed at the request of the prosecution.",
"INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals",
"The press conference with the Italian authorities was included in the overwhelming media coverage of the \"Cocaine Kings\" operation.",
"Banev was one of 30 people arrested during the operation.",
"Italy claimed responsibility for criminally charging Banev, who was accused of financing drug traffickers between South America and Europe.",
"Banev and his legal team fought against Italy's request to extradite him.",
"Banev was extradited to Italy on July 17, 2012 with the condition that he will be returned to Bulgaria when needed for his money-laundering trial.",
"The court denied Banev's right to appoint a new defense attorney and rejected the request of the publicly appointed attorney for more time to prepare for the case.",
"On July 26, 2012 Banev was extradited to Italy.",
"Banev was sentenced to 7 1/2 years in prison in February of last year.",
"Ina Lulcheva, Banev's lawyer, said that the appeal would be based on a lack of evidence justifying the conviction.",
"She said that they were at most a tour group, not an organised crime group.",
"The length of the sentence will not be commented on by the defense.",
"The defense argued that the punishment is not significant because there is no crime.",
"It is clear that there is money laundered from a person who has never been questioned.",
"The prosecution did not want his questioning because they knew that their accusation would not be confirmed, so we did not ask that he be questioned.",
"The court accepted that money was laundered from the activity of a person and his group.",
"Banev was sentenced to 20 years in prison for participating in a criminal organization for international drug traffickers.",
"Banev's defense attorney stated that there was no evidence linking him to the charges.",
"Banev's attorney pointed out before the court that all of the Milan prosecutor evidence was coming from Bulgaria, not Italy.",
"The Italian judge who sentenced Banev, stated in an interview with a prominent Bulgarian newspaper that he highly recommends that Banev appeals the sentencing because \"until now not a single evidence of Banev's guilt has been deposited; Banev has never been caught in the act of crime, and",
"After the trial, Banev was returned to Bulgaria, where the Court of Appeal ruled that he was not guilty of money-laundering.",
"Banev's 20-year prison term for drug trafficking was thrown out by Italy's Supreme Court of Cassation on September 22, 2015.",
"The \"Cocaine Kings\" affair was upheld by Italy's Supreme Court.",
"Banev's unjust conviction was due to lack of evidence and improper use of facts, according to the court.",
"The court reported that Banev's net worth and political neutrality had led to \"antagonisms that motivated incorrect assessment of his personality\".",
"Banev said that he was invited in writing to a meeting with the Interior Minister, Rumen Petkov.",
"They wanted to testify against the Margin brothers.",
"The charges against Banev were due to his refusal to cooperate with the Minister.",
"The ten-year-old daughter of Banev was kidnapped by three masked men at about 7:30 am on March 5, 2013.",
"Her driver was shot in the back by the men.",
"It was the first kidnapping in the country.",
"There was a lot of speculation about the motives behind the kidnapping.",
"In a televised press conference three days later, the Chief Prosecutor stated that the kidnapping of Lara was a message to Brendo.",
"The Prime Minister Borisov, the Minister of Interior Tzvetan Tzvetanov, and the Chief of the Chief Directorate \"Combating Organized Crime\" all resigned.",
"If Brendo talks about Borisov, Tzvetanov, and Florov, it will be frightening.",
"The media states that the failing GERB party, through its two main figures, Borisov and Tzvetanov, is trying to keep the power and to win the elections at any cost - using a brutal kidnapping as a sign that \"without them organized crime is coming back\"",
"This message was given by Tzvetanov during a TV interview in which he avoided the question \"Where is Lara?\"",
"\"What happened is unpleasant, but let's not forget who her father is\".",
"On April 21, she was released and left in front of a police station.",
"It was reported that the kidnappers had initially demanded 10 million, but later agreed to free her in exchange for 530,000.",
"In March 2015, Evelin Banev self-published a novel that he wrote while in prison.",
"The spiritual novel is about the journey to self-discovery and realization as passed on by the main character, Max, after a 20-year imprisonment to his daughter Anna.",
"The artist of the book cover is Banev.",
"There are references to living people and male sport wrestlers."
] | <mask> (Bulgarian: Евелин Банев; October 8, 1964), also known by his nickname Brendo (Bulgarian: Брендо) is a real estate developer, published writer, and former wrestler. <mask> became known for his imprisonment and multiple criminal prosecutions for money laundering and drug trafficking in Bulgaria and Italy. In July 2014, the Sofia Court of Appeal acquitted <mask> of all criminal charges against him and overturned a -year sentence issued previously by the Sofia City Court. In September 2015, Italy’s Supreme Court of Cassation annulled his 20-year prison term for drug trafficking and returned the case for retrial to the Appellate Court of Milan. <mask>'s prosecutions, criminal activities, and imprisonment have been highly controversial and politicized. During his imprisonment, <mask>'s 10-year-old daughter was abducted and freed after almost two months in captivity. In 2015, <mask> self-published a book titled I Gaze Upon the Soul of Bulgaria, which he wrote during his time in prison.Early life and education
<mask> was born in Burgas, Bulgaria. Since 1985, when he enrolled to the National Sports Academy, Brendo has lived in Sofia. During his time at the Academy, <mask> frequently travelled to international camps, tournaments and wrestling competitions representing his club "Academic - Sofia" and the Bulgarian National Wrestling Team. <mask> has been awarded the "Master of Sport" title in Bulgaria and wrestled in the 74 kg category, under the instruction of Dimitar Dobrev. Entrepreneurship
After the 1989 political changes in Eastern Europe, <mask> spent most of his time outside of Bulgaria. During that time, <mask> accumulated his fortune during the Dot-com bubble. He is also a real estate investor and entrepreneur involved in multiple projects in Bulgaria's riviera and capital.Criminal prosecutions
In April 2007, the Sofia City Prosecutor indicted <mask> for organizing a criminal group and money laundering. Subsequently, <mask> was arrested and released on bail. <mask>'s case caused a media stir again in 2008, when Switzerland agreed to lift its bank secrecy and to submit bank documentation to the Bulgarian authorities. Later, it was made public, that in its requests for judicial assistance to Switzerland, the Bulgarian Prosecutor's Office has sent false information – i.e. stating that <mask> is accused of drug trafficking and distribution rather than of money laundering. As of May 2012, <mask>'s case was still pending with court hearings being postponed at the request of the prosecution. In relation to the case, various Bulgarian media and EU commission reports commented on the groundless accusations and the abuse of power by the prosecution.At this time, the Bulgarian authorities initiated operation "Cocaine Kings" with an overwhelming media coverage, including a press conference with the Italian authorities. During the operation, some 30 people were arrested, including <mask>. <mask> was accused of financing drug trafficking between South America and Europe, and Italy claimed responsibility for criminally charging him. Following operation "Cocaine Kings", Italy requested a temporary extradition of <mask>, which he and his legal team fought. However, the Bulgarian Court of Appeals confirmed <mask>'s 1-year extradition to Italy on July 17, 2012, with the condition that he will be returned to Bulgaria when needed for his money laundering trial. The extradition hearing was not without controversy, as the court denied <mask>'s right to appoint a new defense attorney and rejected the request of the publicly appointed attorney for more time to familiarize herself with the case. <mask> was extradited to Italy on July 26, 2012.In February 2013, Sofia City Court sentenced <mask> to 7 1/2 years in prison, while acquitting the other 3 people accused with him. <mask>’s lawyer, Ina Lulcheva, said that the appeal against the finding of the Sofia City Court would be based on a lack of evidence justifying the conviction. That the group had travelled together made them at most a tour group, not an organised crime group, she said. The defense further stated:
"I will not comment on the length of the sentence. The defense pleaded that there is no crime, as such the punishment is not significant. In this case, it is indicative that it was established that there is money laundered from a person, who has never even been questioned or interrogated. We have not asked that he is questioned, because there is no evidence that he has any connections with the defendants; the prosecution did not want his questioning, because in my opinion, they knew that their accusation would not be confirmed.As such, the court accepted that money is laundered from the activity of a person and his group, without even questioning this person". After a 4-month trial, in July 2013, the Milan City Court sentenced <mask> to 20 years in prison for participating in a criminal organization for international drug trafficking. <mask>'s defense attorney stated that, "<mask> has not even entered Italy" and that there is not one evidence linking him to the charges. Before the court, his attorney pointed out that all of the Milan prosecutor evidence was coming from Bulgaria, not from Italy - in Italy, <mask> was never under surveillance, wiretapped, followed, or investigated. The Italian judge who sentenced <mask>, stated in an interview with a prominent Bulgarian newspaper that he highly recommends that <mask> appeals the sentencing because "until now not a single evidence of <mask>'s guilt has been deposited; <mask> has never been caught in the act of crime, and he was sentenced only by the testimonies (which were presumed truthful) of other defendants". Following the trial, <mask> was returned to Bulgaria, where in July 2014, the Sofia Court of Appeal ruled him "not guilty" of money laundering and released him on probation. On September 22, 2015, Italy’s Supreme Court of Cassation annulled <mask>'s 20-year prison term for drug trafficking and ordered a retrial to the Appellate Court of Milan.Italy's Supreme Court of Cassation upheld the sentences of all other people convicted under the "Cocaine Kings" affair. The court cited that <mask>'s unjust conviction was due to lack of any evidence and irregularities in the use of facts. In annulling his 20-year conviction, the court reported that <mask>'s net worth and political neutrality had led to "antagonisms that motivated incorrect assessment of [his] personality". Counter-allegations
<mask> said that he was invited in writing to a meeting with the Interior Minister, Rumen Petkov, who requested Brendo’s assistance – i.e. to falsely testify against “the Margin” brothers. According to <mask>, his refusal to cooperate with the Minister is the main reason behind the 2007 charges for money laundering against him. Kidnapping of <mask>'s daughter
<mask>'s ten-year-old daughter, Lara, was kidnapped by three masked men at about 7:30 am on March 5, 2013, while leaving her home in Sofia.The men shot her unarmed driver twice in the back. It was the first kidnapping in Bulgaria since 2009. The motives behind the kidnapping were the cause for much speculation. In a televised press conference three days later, Chief Prosecutor Sotir Tsatsarov stated that, "The kidnapping of Lara is a message to Brendo". This leads to the other suspicion - the key politicians of Boyko Borisov's cabinet in resignation - Prime Minister Borisov himself, Minister of Interior Tzvetan Tzvetanov, and the Chief of the Chief Directorate "Combating Organized Crime", Stanimir Florov. As stated by Aleksey Petrov, "If Brendo talks about Borisov, Tzvetanov, and Florov, it will be frightening". The media states that the failing GERB party, via its two main figures, Borisov and Tzvetanov, is trying to keep the power and to win the elections at any cost - using a brutal kidnapping as a sign that "without them organized crime is coming back" while sending a signal to <mask> to keep quiet.This message was clearly given by Tzvetanov himself during a TV interview in which he avoided the question "Where is Lara?" several times and finally answered, "What happened is unpleasant, but let's not forget who her father is". <mask> was released, physically unharmed, on April 21, 2013; she was left in front of a police station in Sofia at approximately 10:00 pm. It was reported, but unconfirmed, that the kidnappers had originally demanded a €10 million ransom, but later agreed to free her in exchange of €530,000. Self-published books
In March 2015, <mask> <mask> self-published a novel titled I Gaze Upon the Soul of Bulgaria, which he wrote while in prison. The spiritual novel is about the journey to self-discovery and realization as passed on by the main character, Max, after a 20-year imprisonment, to his daughter Anna. <mask> is also the artist of the book cover - an illustration of two mandalas.References
Bulgarian businesspeople
1964 births
Living people
Bulgarian male sport wrestlers
Writers from Burgas
Bulgarian gangsters | [
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] | <mask> is a real estate developer, published writer, and former wrestler. <mask> was known for his imprisonment and multiple criminal prosecutions for money-laundering and drug-trafficking. The Sofia Court of Appeal acquitted <mask> of all criminal charges in July of last year. The case was returned to the Appellate Court of Milan by Italy's Supreme Court after it was found that the 20-year prison term was excessive. <mask>'s prosecutions, criminal activities, and imprisonment have been politicized. <mask>'s 10-year-old daughter was kidnapped and freed after almost two months in captivity. <mask> self-published a book in 2015, which he wrote while in prison.<mask> was born in Burgas, Bulgaria, and was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 When he was a student at the National Sports Academy, he lived in Sofia. During his time at the Academy, <mask> traveled to international camps, tournaments and wrestling competition to represent his club "Academic -Sofia" and the Bulgaria National Wrestling Team. Banev won the title of "Master of Sport" in Bulgaria and wrestled in the 74 kilogram category under the guidance of Dimitar Dobrev. Banev spent most of his time outside of Bulgaria after the political changes in Eastern Europe. Banev had a lot of money during the Dot-com bubble. He is involved in a number of projects in Bulgaria's riviera and capital.<mask> was indicted for organizing a criminal group and money-laundering. <mask> was released on bail. <mask>'s case caused a media stir again in 2008, when Switzerland agreed to lift its bank secrecy. The public was made aware that false information was sent in the requests for judicial assistance to Switzerland. <mask> is accused of drug distribution rather than money-laundering. <mask>'s case was still pending as of May 2012 with court hearings being postponed at the request of the prosecution. INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDealsThe press conference with the Italian authorities was included in the overwhelming media coverage of the "Cocaine Kings" operation. <mask> was one of 30 people arrested during the operation. Italy claimed responsibility for criminally charging <mask>, who was accused of financing drug traffickers between South America and Europe. <mask> and his legal team fought against Italy's request to extradite him. <mask> was extradited to Italy on July 17, 2012 with the condition that he will be returned to Bulgaria when needed for his money-laundering trial. The court denied <mask>'s right to appoint a new defense attorney and rejected the request of the publicly appointed attorney for more time to prepare for the case. On July 26, 2012 <mask> was extradited to Italy.<mask> was sentenced to 7 1/2 years in prison in February of last year. Ina Lulcheva, <mask>'s lawyer, said that the appeal would be based on a lack of evidence justifying the conviction. She said that they were at most a tour group, not an organised crime group. The length of the sentence will not be commented on by the defense. The defense argued that the punishment is not significant because there is no crime. It is clear that there is money laundered from a person who has never been questioned. The prosecution did not want his questioning because they knew that their accusation would not be confirmed, so we did not ask that he be questioned.The court accepted that money was laundered from the activity of a person and his group. <mask> was sentenced to 20 years in prison for participating in a criminal organization for international drug traffickers. <mask>'s defense attorney stated that there was no evidence linking him to the charges. <mask>'s attorney pointed out before the court that all of the Milan prosecutor evidence was coming from Bulgaria, not Italy. The Italian judge who sentenced <mask>, stated in an interview with a prominent Bulgarian newspaper that he highly recommends that <mask> appeals the sentencing because "until now not a single evidence of <mask>'s guilt has been deposited; <mask> has never been caught in the act of crime, and After the trial, <mask> was returned to Bulgaria, where the Court of Appeal ruled that he was not guilty of money-laundering. <mask>'s 20-year prison term for drug trafficking was thrown out by Italy's Supreme Court of Cassation on September 22, 2015.The "Cocaine Kings" affair was upheld by Italy's Supreme Court. <mask>'s unjust conviction was due to lack of evidence and improper use of facts, according to the court. The court reported that <mask>'s net worth and political neutrality had led to "antagonisms that motivated incorrect assessment of his personality". <mask> said that he was invited in writing to a meeting with the Interior Minister, Rumen Petkov. They wanted to testify against the Margin brothers. The charges against <mask> were due to his refusal to cooperate with the Minister. The ten-year-old daughter of <mask> was kidnapped by three masked men at about 7:30 am on March 5, 2013.Her driver was shot in the back by the men. It was the first kidnapping in the country. There was a lot of speculation about the motives behind the kidnapping. In a televised press conference three days later, the Chief Prosecutor stated that the kidnapping of Lara was a message to Brendo. The Prime Minister Borisov, the Minister of Interior Tzvetan Tzvetanov, and the Chief of the Chief Directorate "Combating Organized Crime" all resigned. If Brendo talks about Borisov, Tzvetanov, and Florov, it will be frightening. The media states that the failing GERB party, through its two main figures, Borisov and Tzvetanov, is trying to keep the power and to win the elections at any cost - using a brutal kidnapping as a sign that "without them organized crime is coming back"This message was given by Tzvetanov during a TV interview in which he avoided the question "Where is Lara?" "What happened is unpleasant, but let's not forget who her father is". On April 21, she was released and left in front of a police station. It was reported that the kidnappers had initially demanded 10 million, but later agreed to free her in exchange for 530,000. In March 2015, <mask> <mask> self-published a novel that he wrote while in prison. The spiritual novel is about the journey to self-discovery and realization as passed on by the main character, Max, after a 20-year imprisonment to his daughter Anna. The artist of the book cover is <mask>.There are references to living people and male sport wrestlers. | [
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2064461 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev%20Grossman | Lev Grossman | Lev Grossman (born June 26, 1969) is an American novelist and journalist who wrote The Magicians Trilogy: The Magicians (2009), The Magician King (2011), and The Magician's Land (2014). He was the book critic and lead technology writer at Time magazine from 2002 to 2016. His recent work includes the children's book The Silver Arrow, and the screenplay for the film The Map of Tiny Perfect Things, based on his short story.
Early life
Grossman was born on June 26, 1969 in Concord, Massachusetts. He is the twin brother of video game designer and novelist Austin Grossman, brother of sculptor Bathsheba Grossman, and son of the poet Allen Grossman and the novelist Judith Grossman. Grossman's father was born Jewish and his mother was raised Anglican, but Grossman has said, "I grew up in a very unreligious household. Very. I have no religion at all. So I come at religion as about as much of an outsider as you can be in Western civilization." On the assumption that he was raised Jewish, he has said, "I have this extremely old-world name, and people can invite me to as many Jewish book festivals as they want to--but I wasn't raised Jewish."
He is an alumnus of Lexington High School and Harvard College. He graduated from Harvard in 1991 with a degree in literature. Grossman then attended a Ph.D. program in comparative literature for three years at Yale University, but dropped out before completing his dissertation.
Career
Journalism
Grossman has written for The New York Times, Wired, Salon.com, Lingua Franca, Entertainment Weekly, Time Out New York, The Wall Street Journal, and The Village Voice. He has served as a member of the board of directors of the National Book Critics Circle and as the chair of the Fiction Awards Panel. In May 2015, Grossman gave the third annual Tolkien Lecture at Pembroke College, Oxford.
In writing for Time, he has also covered the consumer electronics industry, reporting on video games, blogs, viral videos and Web comics like Penny Arcade and Achewood. In 2006, he traveled to Japan to cover the unveiling of the Wii console. He has interviewed Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, Salman Rushdie, Neil Gaiman, Joan Didion, Jonathan Franzen, J.K. Rowling, and Johnny Cash. He wrote one of the earliest pieces on Stephenie Meyer's Twilight series. A piece written by Grossman on the game Halo 3 was criticized for casting gamers in an "unfavorable light." Grossman was also the author of the Time Person of the Year 2010 feature article on Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg.
Grossman did some freelancing and wrote for other magazines. Some of the works he wrote at this time include "The Death of a Civil Servant," "Good Novels Don't Have to be Hard," "Catalog This," "The Gay Nabokov," "When Words Fail," and "Get Smart." He freelanced at The Believer, the Wall Street Journal, New York Times, Salon, Lingua Franca, and Time Digital. It was soon after this that his novel, Warp, was published.
He quit his job at Time magazine in August 2016 to pursue writing full time.
Fiction
Lev Grossman's first novel, Warp, was published in 1997 after he moved to New York City. Warp was about "the lyrical misadventures of an aimless 20-something in Boston who has trouble distinguishing between reality and Star Trek." It received largely negative customer reviews on Amazon.com, and in response, Grossman submitted fake reviews to Amazon using false names. He then recounted these actions in an essay titled "Terrors of the Amazon". His second novel, Codex, was published in 2004 and became an international bestseller. After Codex, Grossman published the book that he is most well known for, The Magicians.
In an article for The New York Times Grossman wrote: "I wrote fiction for 17 years before I found out I was a fantasy novelist. Up till then I always thought I was going to write literary fiction, like Jonathan Franzen or Zadie Smith or Jhumpa Lahiri. But I thought wrong. ... Fantasy is sometimes dismissed as childish, or escapist, but I take what I am doing very, very seriously.
Grossman's bestseller The Magicians was published in hardcover in August 2009. The trade paperback edition was made available on May 25, 2010. The Washington Post called it "Exuberant and inventive...Fresh and compelling...a great fairy tale." The book is a dark contemporary fantasy about Quentin Coldwater, an unusually gifted young man who obsesses over Fillory, the magical land of his favorite childhood books. Unexpectedly admitted to Brakebills, a secret, exclusive college of magic in upstate New York (an amalgam of Bannerman's Castle and Olana), Quentin receives an education in the craft of modern sorcery. After graduation, he and his friends discover that Fillory is real.
Michael Agger of The New York Times said the book "could crudely be labeled a Harry Potter for adults," injecting mature themes into fantasy literature. The Magicians won the 2010 Alex Award, given to ten adult books that are appealing to young adults, and the 2011 John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer.
In August 2011, The Magician King, the sequel to The Magicians, was published, which returns readers to the magical land of Fillory, where Quentin and his friends are now kings and queens. The Chicago Tribune said The Magician King was "The Catcher in the Rye for devotees of alternative universes" and that "Grossman has created a rare, strange and scintillating novel." It was an Editor's Choice pick of The New York Times, who called it "[A] serious, heartfelt novel [that] turns the machinery of fantasy inside out." The Boston Globe said "The Magician King is a rare achievement, a book that simultaneously criticizes and celebrates our deep desire for fantasy."
The third book in the series is titled The Magician's Land and was published on 5 August 2014.
In September 2016, Grossman announced that he was working on a King Arthur novel called The Bright Sword.
In July 2019, Grossman, with co-writer Lilah Sturges and illustrator Pius Bak, released The Magicians: Alice's Story, a graphic novel told from the perspective of Alice, a secondary character from the book series.
Grossman's first children's book, The Silver Arrow, was published in September 2020. It debuted on the New York Times Best Seller list on September 27, 2020.
Film and television
Grossman's Magicians trilogy was adapted for television by Sera Gamble and John McNamara for Syfy. The series received five seasons and aired from December 2015 to April 2020.
Grossman wrote the screenplay for the film The Map of Tiny Perfect Things, based on his short story of the same name. The film was released through Amazon Prime Video on February 12, 2021.
Personal life
Grossman lives in Clinton Hill, Brooklyn with his second wife, Sophie Gee, whom he married in early 2010, and his daughter Lily from a previous marriage. On June 10, 2010, his daughter Halcyon Harriet Graham was born. In September 2012, his third child, Benedict, was born.
Despite his parents' religious backgrounds, and the fact that he has included religion in his work, Grossman is a self-professed atheist.
Books
Warp, New York: St. Martin's Griffin/Macmillan, 1997.
Codex, New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2004.
The Magicians, New York: Viking/Penguin, 2009. (hardcover); Plume/Penguin, 2010. (trade paperback)
The Magician King (novel), New York: Viking/Penguin, 2011.
The Magician's Land (novel), New York: Viking/Penguin/PRH, 2014.
The Magicians: Alice's Story (graphic novel) (with Lilah Sturges), Archala, 2019.
The Magicians #1 (comic) (with Lilah Sturges), BOOM! - Archaia, 2019
The Magicians #2 (comic) (with Lilah Sturges), BOOM! - Archaia, 2019
The Magicians #3 (comic) (with Lilah Sturges), BOOM! - Archaia, 2020
The Magicians #4 (comic) (with Lilah Sturges), BOOM! - Archaia, 2020
The Silver Arrow, Little, Brown, 2020.
Filmography
Film and TV
Other credits
Neil Gaiman: Dream Dangerously (2016); as himself
High Life (2018); special thanks
References
External links
Magicians series
Living people
1969 births
Harvard College alumni
Harvard Advocate alumni
American male writers
American fantasy writers
Jewish American writers
John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer winners
People from Clinton Hill, Brooklyn
People from Concord, Massachusetts
Twin people from the United States
Lexington High School alumni
Novelists from New York (state)
Writers from Brooklyn
21st-century American Jews | [
"Lev Grossman (born June 26, 1969) is an American novelist and journalist who wrote The Magicians Trilogy: The Magicians (2009), The Magician King (2011), and The Magician's Land (2014).",
"He was the book critic and lead technology writer at Time magazine from 2002 to 2016.",
"His recent work includes the children's book The Silver Arrow, and the screenplay for the film The Map of Tiny Perfect Things, based on his short story.",
"Early life\nGrossman was born on June 26, 1969 in Concord, Massachusetts.",
"He is the twin brother of video game designer and novelist Austin Grossman, brother of sculptor Bathsheba Grossman, and son of the poet Allen Grossman and the novelist Judith Grossman.",
"Grossman's father was born Jewish and his mother was raised Anglican, but Grossman has said, \"I grew up in a very unreligious household.",
"Very.",
"I have no religion at all.",
"So I come at religion as about as much of an outsider as you can be in Western civilization.\"",
"On the assumption that he was raised Jewish, he has said, \"I have this extremely old-world name, and people can invite me to as many Jewish book festivals as they want to--but I wasn't raised Jewish.\"",
"He is an alumnus of Lexington High School and Harvard College.",
"He graduated from Harvard in 1991 with a degree in literature.",
"Grossman then attended a Ph.D. program in comparative literature for three years at Yale University, but dropped out before completing his dissertation.",
"Career\n\nJournalism\nGrossman has written for The New York Times, Wired, Salon.com, Lingua Franca, Entertainment Weekly, Time Out New York, The Wall Street Journal, and The Village Voice.",
"He has served as a member of the board of directors of the National Book Critics Circle and as the chair of the Fiction Awards Panel.",
"In May 2015, Grossman gave the third annual Tolkien Lecture at Pembroke College, Oxford.",
"In writing for Time, he has also covered the consumer electronics industry, reporting on video games, blogs, viral videos and Web comics like Penny Arcade and Achewood.",
"In 2006, he traveled to Japan to cover the unveiling of the Wii console.",
"He has interviewed Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, Salman Rushdie, Neil Gaiman, Joan Didion, Jonathan Franzen, J.K. Rowling, and Johnny Cash.",
"He wrote one of the earliest pieces on Stephenie Meyer's Twilight series.",
"A piece written by Grossman on the game Halo 3 was criticized for casting gamers in an \"unfavorable light.\"",
"Grossman was also the author of the Time Person of the Year 2010 feature article on Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg.",
"Grossman did some freelancing and wrote for other magazines.",
"Some of the works he wrote at this time include \"The Death of a Civil Servant,\" \"Good Novels Don't Have to be Hard,\" \"Catalog This,\" \"The Gay Nabokov,\" \"When Words Fail,\" and \"Get Smart.\"",
"He freelanced at The Believer, the Wall Street Journal, New York Times, Salon, Lingua Franca, and Time Digital.",
"It was soon after this that his novel, Warp, was published.",
"He quit his job at Time magazine in August 2016 to pursue writing full time.",
"Fiction\nLev Grossman's first novel, Warp, was published in 1997 after he moved to New York City.",
"Warp was about \"the lyrical misadventures of an aimless 20-something in Boston who has trouble distinguishing between reality and Star Trek.\"",
"It received largely negative customer reviews on Amazon.com, and in response, Grossman submitted fake reviews to Amazon using false names.",
"He then recounted these actions in an essay titled \"Terrors of the Amazon\".",
"His second novel, Codex, was published in 2004 and became an international bestseller.",
"After Codex, Grossman published the book that he is most well known for, The Magicians.",
"In an article for The New York Times Grossman wrote: \"I wrote fiction for 17 years before I found out I was a fantasy novelist.",
"Up till then I always thought I was going to write literary fiction, like Jonathan Franzen or Zadie Smith or Jhumpa Lahiri.",
"But I thought wrong.",
"... Fantasy is sometimes dismissed as childish, or escapist, but I take what I am doing very, very seriously.",
"Grossman's bestseller The Magicians was published in hardcover in August 2009.",
"The trade paperback edition was made available on May 25, 2010.",
"The Washington Post called it \"Exuberant and inventive...Fresh and compelling...a great fairy tale.\"",
"The book is a dark contemporary fantasy about Quentin Coldwater, an unusually gifted young man who obsesses over Fillory, the magical land of his favorite childhood books.",
"Unexpectedly admitted to Brakebills, a secret, exclusive college of magic in upstate New York (an amalgam of Bannerman's Castle and Olana), Quentin receives an education in the craft of modern sorcery.",
"After graduation, he and his friends discover that Fillory is real.",
"Michael Agger of The New York Times said the book \"could crudely be labeled a Harry Potter for adults,\" injecting mature themes into fantasy literature.",
"The Magicians won the 2010 Alex Award, given to ten adult books that are appealing to young adults, and the 2011 John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer.",
"In August 2011, The Magician King, the sequel to The Magicians, was published, which returns readers to the magical land of Fillory, where Quentin and his friends are now kings and queens.",
"The Chicago Tribune said The Magician King was \"The Catcher in the Rye for devotees of alternative universes\" and that \"Grossman has created a rare, strange and scintillating novel.\"",
"It was an Editor's Choice pick of The New York Times, who called it \"[A] serious, heartfelt novel [that] turns the machinery of fantasy inside out.\"",
"The Boston Globe said \"The Magician King is a rare achievement, a book that simultaneously criticizes and celebrates our deep desire for fantasy.\"",
"The third book in the series is titled The Magician's Land and was published on 5 August 2014.",
"In September 2016, Grossman announced that he was working on a King Arthur novel called The Bright Sword.",
"In July 2019, Grossman, with co-writer Lilah Sturges and illustrator Pius Bak, released The Magicians: Alice's Story, a graphic novel told from the perspective of Alice, a secondary character from the book series.",
"Grossman's first children's book, The Silver Arrow, was published in September 2020.",
"It debuted on the New York Times Best Seller list on September 27, 2020.",
"Film and television\nGrossman's Magicians trilogy was adapted for television by Sera Gamble and John McNamara for Syfy.",
"The series received five seasons and aired from December 2015 to April 2020.",
"Grossman wrote the screenplay for the film The Map of Tiny Perfect Things, based on his short story of the same name.",
"The film was released through Amazon Prime Video on February 12, 2021.",
"Personal life \nGrossman lives in Clinton Hill, Brooklyn with his second wife, Sophie Gee, whom he married in early 2010, and his daughter Lily from a previous marriage.",
"On June 10, 2010, his daughter Halcyon Harriet Graham was born.",
"In September 2012, his third child, Benedict, was born.",
"Despite his parents' religious backgrounds, and the fact that he has included religion in his work, Grossman is a self-professed atheist.",
"Books\n Warp, New York: St. Martin's Griffin/Macmillan, 1997.",
"Codex, New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2004.",
"The Magicians, New York: Viking/Penguin, 2009.",
"(hardcover); Plume/Penguin, 2010.",
"(trade paperback)\n The Magician King (novel), New York: Viking/Penguin, 2011.",
"The Magician's Land (novel), New York: Viking/Penguin/PRH, 2014.",
"The Magicians: Alice's Story (graphic novel) (with Lilah Sturges), Archala, 2019.",
"The Magicians #1 (comic) (with Lilah Sturges), BOOM!",
"- Archaia, 2019 \n The Magicians #2 (comic) (with Lilah Sturges), BOOM!",
"- Archaia, 2019 \n The Magicians #3 (comic) (with Lilah Sturges), BOOM!",
"- Archaia, 2020 \n The Magicians #4 (comic) (with Lilah Sturges), BOOM!",
"- Archaia, 2020 \n The Silver Arrow, Little, Brown, 2020.",
"Filmography\n\nFilm and TV\n\nOther credits \n Neil Gaiman: Dream Dangerously (2016); as himself\n High Life (2018); special thanks\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \nMagicians series\n \n \n \n\nLiving people\n1969 births\nHarvard College alumni\nHarvard Advocate alumni\nAmerican male writers\nAmerican fantasy writers\nJewish American writers\nJohn W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer winners\nPeople from Clinton Hill, Brooklyn\nPeople from Concord, Massachusetts\nTwin people from the United States\nLexington High School alumni\nNovelists from New York (state)\nWriters from Brooklyn\n21st-century American Jews"
] | [
"Lev Grossman is an American novelist and journalist who wrote The Magicians Trilogy: The Magicians, The Magician King, and The Magician's Land.",
"From 2002 to 2016 he was the lead technology writer at Time magazine.",
"The Silver Arrow is a children's book and the film The Tiny Map of Perfect Things is based on his short story.",
"On June 26, 1969 Grossman was born in Concord, Massachusetts.",
"He is the brother of Austin, the novelist and video game designer, and the brother of Bathsheba, the sculptor.",
"He has said that he grew up in a very un religious household because his parents were both born Jewish.",
"Very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very",
"I don't have a religion.",
"As much as you can be in Western civilization, I come at religion as an outsider.",
"He has said that people can invite him to as many Jewish book festivals as they want, but he wasn't raised Jewish.",
"He attended Harvard College and the high school.",
"He graduated from Harvard with a degree in literature.",
"He dropped out of the comparative literature program at Yale University before completing his degree.",
"The New York Times, Salon.com, Lingua Franca, Entertainment Weekly, Time Out New York, The Wall Street Journal, and The Village Voice have all been written for by Career Journalism Grossman.",
"He is a member of the board of directors of the National Book Critics Circle.",
"The third annual Tolkien Lecture was given by Grossman in May of 2015.",
"He has covered the consumer electronics industry in writing for Time.",
"He traveled to Japan to cover the Wii console's launch.",
"Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, and Joan Didion have all been interviewed by him.",
"He wrote one of the first pieces in the series.",
"There was a piece written on the game that was criticized for casting people in an unfavorable light.",
"The Time Person of the Year 2010 feature article was written by Grossman.",
"He wrote for other magazines.",
"He wrote \"The Death of a Civil Servant,\" \"Good Novels Don't Have to be Hard,\" and \"When Words Fail.\"",
"He worked at The Believer, the Wall Street Journal, New York Times, Salon, and Time Digital.",
"His novel, Warp, was published after this.",
"He quit his job at Time magazine to write full time.",
"Lev Grossman's first novel, Warp, was published in 1997 after he moved to New York City.",
"The story was about a young man in Boston who has trouble distinguishing between reality and Star Trek.",
"It received mostly negative reviews on Amazon.com, and in order to make up for it, Grossman submitted fake reviews using false names.",
"He wrote an essay titled \"Terrors of the Amazon\".",
"His second novel, Codex, became an international bestseller.",
"The Magicians was published after Codex.",
"I wrote fiction for 17 years before I found out I was a fantasy novelist.",
"I used to think I was going to write literary fiction, like Jonathan Franzen or Zadie Smith.",
"I thought otherwise.",
"Fantasy is sometimes dismissed as childish, but I take what I am doing very seriously.",
"The Magicians was published in hardcover.",
"On May 25, 2010, the trade paperback edition was available.",
"It was called a great fairy tale by the Washington Post.",
"The book is a dark contemporary fantasy about a gifted young man who is obsessed with Fillory, the land of his favorite childhood books.",
"An amalgam of Bannerman's Castle and Olana, Brakebills is an exclusive college of magic in upstate New York.",
"After graduation, he and his friends discover that Fillory is real.",
"The book could be labeled a Harry Potter for adults according to Michael Agger of The New York Times.",
"The John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer was won by The Magicians.",
"The Magician King, the sequel to The Magicians, was published in August of 2011.",
"The Chicago Tribune said that Grossman's novel The Magician King was \"The Catcher in the Rye for devotees of alternative universes.\"",
"It was an Editor's Choice pick of The New York Times.",
"The Magician King is a book that celebrates and criticizes our deep desire for fantasy, according to the Boston Globe.",
"The Magician's Land was the third book in the series.",
"In September of 2016 he announced that he was working on a King Arthur novel.",
"The Magicians: Alice's Story is a graphic novel that tells the story of Alice, a secondary character in the book series.",
"The Silver Arrow was published in September 2020.",
"It was on the New York Times best seller list.",
"The Magicians trilogy was adapted for television by John McNamara and Sera Gamble.",
"The series aired from December 2015 to April 2020.",
"The Map of Tiny Perfect Things was the basis for the film's script.",
"Amazon Prime Video released the film on February 12, 2021.",
"He lives in Clinton Hill, Brooklyn with his second wife, who he married in early 2010, and his daughter from a previous marriage.",
"On June 10, 2010, his daughter was born.",
"His third child, Benedict, was born in September of 2012",
"He has included religion in his work despite his parents' religious background.",
"St. Martin's Griffin/Macmillan was published in 1997.",
"Codex, New York.",
"The Magicians, New York: Viking/Penguin, 2009.",
"Plume/Penguin, 2010.",
"The Magician King is a novel.",
"The Magician's Land was published in New York.",
"Lilah Sturges is the author of The Magicians: Alice's Story.",
"The Magicians #1 is a comic book.",
"The Magicians #2 is a comic by Lilah Sturges.",
"The Magicians #3 is a comic by Lilah Sturges.",
"The Magicians is a comic book written by Lilah Sturges and Archaia.",
"The Silver Arrow, Little, Brown, 2020, Archaia.",
"References External links Magicians series Living people 1969 births Harvard College alumni American male writers Jewish American writers John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer winners"
] | <mask> (born June 26, 1969) is an American novelist and journalist who wrote The Magicians Trilogy: The Magicians (2009), The Magician King (2011), and The Magician's Land (2014). He was the book critic and lead technology writer at Time magazine from 2002 to 2016. His recent work includes the children's book The Silver Arrow, and the screenplay for the film The Map of Tiny Perfect Things, based on his short story. Early life
<mask> was born on June 26, 1969 in Concord, Massachusetts. He is the twin brother of video game designer and novelist <mask>, brother of sculptor <mask>, and son of the poet <mask> and the novelist <mask>. <mask>'s father was born Jewish and his mother was raised Anglican, but Grossman has said, "I grew up in a very unreligious household. Very.I have no religion at all. So I come at religion as about as much of an outsider as you can be in Western civilization." On the assumption that he was raised Jewish, he has said, "I have this extremely old-world name, and people can invite me to as many Jewish book festivals as they want to--but I wasn't raised Jewish." He is an alumnus of Lexington High School and Harvard College. He graduated from Harvard in 1991 with a degree in literature. Grossman then attended a Ph.D. program in comparative literature for three years at Yale University, but dropped out before completing his dissertation. Career
Journalism
<mask> has written for The New York Times, Wired, Salon.com, Lingua Franca, Entertainment Weekly, Time Out New York, The Wall Street Journal, and The Village Voice.He has served as a member of the board of directors of the National Book Critics Circle and as the chair of the Fiction Awards Panel. In May 2015, Grossman gave the third annual Tolkien Lecture at Pembroke College, Oxford. In writing for Time, he has also covered the consumer electronics industry, reporting on video games, blogs, viral videos and Web comics like Penny Arcade and Achewood. In 2006, he traveled to Japan to cover the unveiling of the Wii console. He has interviewed Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, Salman Rushdie, Neil Gaiman, Joan Didion, Jonathan Franzen, J.K. Rowling, and Johnny Cash. He wrote one of the earliest pieces on Stephenie Meyer's Twilight series. A piece written by Grossman on the game Halo 3 was criticized for casting gamers in an "unfavorable light."<mask> was also the author of the Time Person of the Year 2010 feature article on Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg. Grossman did some freelancing and wrote for other magazines. Some of the works he wrote at this time include "The Death of a Civil Servant," "Good Novels Don't Have to be Hard," "Catalog This," "The Gay Nabokov," "When Words Fail," and "Get Smart." He freelanced at The Believer, the Wall Street Journal, New York Times, Salon, Lingua Franca, and Time Digital. It was soon after this that his novel, Warp, was published. He quit his job at Time magazine in August 2016 to pursue writing full time. Fiction
<mask>'s first novel, Warp, was published in 1997 after he moved to New York City.Warp was about "the lyrical misadventures of an aimless 20-something in Boston who has trouble distinguishing between reality and Star Trek." It received largely negative customer reviews on Amazon.com, and in response, Grossman submitted fake reviews to Amazon using false names. He then recounted these actions in an essay titled "Terrors of the Amazon". His second novel, Codex, was published in 2004 and became an international bestseller. After Codex, Grossman published the book that he is most well known for, The Magicians. In an article for The New York Times Grossman wrote: "I wrote fiction for 17 years before I found out I was a fantasy novelist. Up till then I always thought I was going to write literary fiction, like Jonathan Franzen or Zadie Smith or Jhumpa Lahiri.But I thought wrong. ... Fantasy is sometimes dismissed as childish, or escapist, but I take what I am doing very, very seriously. Grossman's bestseller The Magicians was published in hardcover in August 2009. The trade paperback edition was made available on May 25, 2010. The Washington Post called it "Exuberant and inventive...Fresh and compelling...a great fairy tale." The book is a dark contemporary fantasy about Quentin Coldwater, an unusually gifted young man who obsesses over Fillory, the magical land of his favorite childhood books. Unexpectedly admitted to Brakebills, a secret, exclusive college of magic in upstate New York (an amalgam of Bannerman's Castle and Olana), Quentin receives an education in the craft of modern sorcery.After graduation, he and his friends discover that Fillory is real. Michael Agger of The New York Times said the book "could crudely be labeled a Harry Potter for adults," injecting mature themes into fantasy literature. The Magicians won the 2010 Alex Award, given to ten adult books that are appealing to young adults, and the 2011 John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer. In August 2011, The Magician King, the sequel to The Magicians, was published, which returns readers to the magical land of Fillory, where Quentin and his friends are now kings and queens. The Chicago Tribune said The Magician King was "The Catcher in the Rye for devotees of alternative universes" and that "Grossman has created a rare, strange and scintillating novel." It was an Editor's Choice pick of The New York Times, who called it "[A] serious, heartfelt novel [that] turns the machinery of fantasy inside out." The Boston Globe said "The Magician King is a rare achievement, a book that simultaneously criticizes and celebrates our deep desire for fantasy."The third book in the series is titled The Magician's Land and was published on 5 August 2014. In September 2016, <mask> announced that he was working on a King Arthur novel called The Bright Sword. In July 2019, <mask>, with co-writer Lilah Sturges and illustrator Pius Bak, released The Magicians: Alice's Story, a graphic novel told from the perspective of Alice, a secondary character from the book series. <mask>'s first children's book, The Silver Arrow, was published in September 2020. It debuted on the New York Times Best Seller list on September 27, 2020. Film and television
<mask>'s Magicians trilogy was adapted for television by Sera Gamble and John McNamara for Syfy. The series received five seasons and aired from December 2015 to April 2020.Grossman wrote the screenplay for the film The Map of Tiny Perfect Things, based on his short story of the same name. The film was released through Amazon Prime Video on February 12, 2021. Personal life
<mask> lives in Clinton Hill, Brooklyn with his second wife, Sophie Gee, whom he married in early 2010, and his daughter Lily from a previous marriage. On June 10, 2010, his daughter Halcyon Harriet Graham was born. In September 2012, his third child, Benedict, was born. Despite his parents' religious backgrounds, and the fact that he has included religion in his work, Grossman is a self-professed atheist. Books
Warp, New York: St. Martin's Griffin/Macmillan, 1997.Codex, New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2004. The Magicians, New York: Viking/Penguin, 2009. (hardcover); Plume/Penguin, 2010. (trade paperback)
The Magician King (novel), New York: Viking/Penguin, 2011. The Magician's Land (novel), New York: Viking/Penguin/PRH, 2014. The Magicians: Alice's Story (graphic novel) (with Lilah Sturges), Archala, 2019. The Magicians #1 (comic) (with Lilah Sturges), BOOM!- Archaia, 2019
The Magicians #2 (comic) (with Lilah Sturges), BOOM! - Archaia, 2019
The Magicians #3 (comic) (with Lilah Sturges), BOOM! - Archaia, 2020
The Magicians #4 (comic) (with Lilah Sturges), BOOM! - Archaia, 2020
The Silver Arrow, Little, Brown, 2020. Filmography
Film and TV
Other credits
Neil Gaiman: Dream Dangerously (2016); as himself
High Life (2018); special thanks
References
External links
Magicians series
Living people
1969 births
Harvard College alumni
Harvard Advocate alumni
American male writers
American fantasy writers
Jewish American writers
John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer winners
People from Clinton Hill, Brooklyn
People from Concord, Massachusetts
Twin people from the United States
Lexington High School alumni
Novelists from New York (state)
Writers from Brooklyn
21st-century American Jews | [
"Lev Grossman",
"Grossman",
"Austin Grossman",
"Bathsheba Grossman",
"Allen Grossman",
"Judith Grossman",
"Grossman",
"Grossman",
"Grossman",
"Lev Grossman",
"Grossman",
"Grossman",
"Grossman",
"Grossman",
"Grossman"
] | <mask> is an American novelist and journalist who wrote The Magicians Trilogy: The Magicians, The Magician King, and The Magician's Land. From 2002 to 2016 he was the lead technology writer at Time magazine. The Silver Arrow is a children's book and the film The Tiny Map of Perfect Things is based on his short story. On June 26, 1969 <mask> was born in Concord, Massachusetts. He is the brother of Austin, the novelist and video game designer, and the brother of Bathsheba, the sculptor. He has said that he grew up in a very un religious household because his parents were both born Jewish. Very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very veryI don't have a religion. As much as you can be in Western civilization, I come at religion as an outsider. He has said that people can invite him to as many Jewish book festivals as they want, but he wasn't raised Jewish. He attended Harvard College and the high school. He graduated from Harvard with a degree in literature. He dropped out of the comparative literature program at Yale University before completing his degree. The New York Times, Salon.com, Lingua Franca, Entertainment Weekly, Time Out New York, The Wall Street Journal, and The Village Voice have all been written for by Career Journalism Grossman.He is a member of the board of directors of the National Book Critics Circle. The third annual Tolkien Lecture was given by Grossman in May of 2015. He has covered the consumer electronics industry in writing for Time. He traveled to Japan to cover the Wii console's launch. Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, and Joan Didion have all been interviewed by him. He wrote one of the first pieces in the series. There was a piece written on the game that was criticized for casting people in an unfavorable light.The Time Person of the Year 2010 feature article was written by Grossman. He wrote for other magazines. He wrote "The Death of a Civil Servant," "Good Novels Don't Have to be Hard," and "When Words Fail." He worked at The Believer, the Wall Street Journal, New York Times, Salon, and Time Digital. His novel, Warp, was published after this. He quit his job at Time magazine to write full time. <mask>'s first novel, Warp, was published in 1997 after he moved to New York City.The story was about a young man in Boston who has trouble distinguishing between reality and Star Trek. It received mostly negative reviews on Amazon.com, and in order to make up for it, Grossman submitted fake reviews using false names. He wrote an essay titled "Terrors of the Amazon". His second novel, Codex, became an international bestseller. The Magicians was published after Codex. I wrote fiction for 17 years before I found out I was a fantasy novelist. I used to think I was going to write literary fiction, like Jonathan Franzen or Zadie Smith.I thought otherwise. Fantasy is sometimes dismissed as childish, but I take what I am doing very seriously. The Magicians was published in hardcover. On May 25, 2010, the trade paperback edition was available. It was called a great fairy tale by the Washington Post. The book is a dark contemporary fantasy about a gifted young man who is obsessed with Fillory, the land of his favorite childhood books. An amalgam of Bannerman's Castle and Olana, Brakebills is an exclusive college of magic in upstate New York.After graduation, he and his friends discover that Fillory is real. The book could be labeled a Harry Potter for adults according to Michael Agger of The New York Times. The John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer was won by The Magicians. The Magician King, the sequel to The Magicians, was published in August of 2011. The Chicago Tribune said that <mask>'s novel The Magician King was "The Catcher in the Rye for devotees of alternative universes." It was an Editor's Choice pick of The New York Times. The Magician King is a book that celebrates and criticizes our deep desire for fantasy, according to the Boston Globe.The Magician's Land was the third book in the series. In September of 2016 he announced that he was working on a King Arthur novel. The Magicians: Alice's Story is a graphic novel that tells the story of Alice, a secondary character in the book series. The Silver Arrow was published in September 2020. It was on the New York Times best seller list. The Magicians trilogy was adapted for television by John McNamara and Sera Gamble. The series aired from December 2015 to April 2020.The Map of Tiny Perfect Things was the basis for the film's script. Amazon Prime Video released the film on February 12, 2021. He lives in Clinton Hill, Brooklyn with his second wife, who he married in early 2010, and his daughter from a previous marriage. On June 10, 2010, his daughter was born. His third child, Benedict, was born in September of 2012 He has included religion in his work despite his parents' religious background. St. Martin's Griffin/Macmillan was published in 1997.Codex, New York. The Magicians, New York: Viking/Penguin, 2009. Plume/Penguin, 2010. The Magician King is a novel. The Magician's Land was published in New York. Lilah Sturges is the author of The Magicians: Alice's Story. The Magicians #1 is a comic book.The Magicians #2 is a comic by Lilah Sturges. The Magicians #3 is a comic by Lilah Sturges. The Magicians is a comic book written by Lilah Sturges and Archaia. The Silver Arrow, Little, Brown, 2020, Archaia. References External links Magicians series Living people 1969 births Harvard College alumni American male writers Jewish American writers John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer winners | [
"Lev Grossman",
"Grossman",
"Lev Grossman",
"Grossman"
] |
36023913 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross%20Chastain | Ross Chastain | Ross L. Chastain (born December 4, 1992) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He competes full-time in the NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 1 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 for Trackhouse Racing Team.
He is nicknamed The Watermelon Man, or simply Melon Man due to his family's history as watermelon farmers, which he also participates in; whenever he celebrates race wins, he smashes a watermelon to the ground in Victory Lane.
Early career
Chastain started racing at the age of twelve, his interest piqued by his father's hobby racing and other kids his age racing. His home track was Punta Gorda Speedway in Punta Gorda, Florida, at the age of twelve, competing in both late model and Fastruck Series events. Even those races, at tracks like Citrus County Speedway, Auburndale Speedway and DeSoto Speedway, were run on a tight budget, a theme that would carry on to much of Chastain's career in the higher ranks of NASCAR. His short track career saw Chastain scoring over fifty wins in feature events, including the Limited Late Model portion of the 2011 World Series Of Asphalt Stock Car Racing at New Smyrna Speedway, winning three of eight events in the series.
NASCAR
After making the move to Charlotte in mid-2011, Chastain took over the No. 66 Turn One Racing entry in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series after Justin Marks vacated the seat. His first Truck race, at Lucas Oil Raceway at Indianapolis, was his first race with live pit stops. He finished 10th in that event. Connections in the watermelon farming industry got Chastain four more races, which were marred by incidents at Bristol Motor Speedway and Kentucky Speedway. At Homestead-Miami Speedway, rain prevented the Turn One team from making the race, so the team bought an RSS Racing start and park entry and ran the full race, finishing two laps down. It was later announced that Chastain would compete for Rookie of the Year honors with SS-Green Light Racing in 2012. Driving the No. 08 truck sponsored by the National Watermelon Association and National Watermelon Promotion Board, he scored a career-best finish of seventh in the second race of the season at Martinsville Speedway. He bested his 7th-place finish with a 3rd-place finish at Bristol in August.
In January 2013, it was announced that Chastain would drive in 15 Camping World Truck Series races in 2013 for Brad Keselowski Racing. At Iowa Speedway in September, Chastain won his first career Truck Series pole for the Fan Appreciation 200; he led the most laps in the race, finishing second to James Buescher as the race underwent a green-white-checkered finish. Chastain also came close to the win at the penultimate race at Phoenix, finishing second to Erik Jones after leading over 60 laps. Years later, Chastain said that he initially made the move to BKR as an attempt to get in a Team Penske ride, but that BKR and Penske did not view the situation that way.
2014–2016
Leaving BKR after the 2013 season, Chastain moved to RBR Enterprises for a part-time schedule in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series for 2014. Comments before and after the Martinsville race, as well as racing actions during the race, led the team to fire Chastain from the ride. In May, he announced he would make his debut in the Nationwide Series (now Xfinity Series) at Charlotte Motor Speedway, driving the No. 55 for Viva Motorsports. Chastain later drove for Hattori Racing Enterprises at Michigan International Speedway, replacing Johnny Sauter. If that opportunity did not arise, Chastain was set to replace another driver that weekend, John Wes Townley in the No. 5 Wauters Motorsports truck at Gateway Motorsports Park. In the race with HRE, Chastain finished twelfth, which was to that point the team's best finish in NASCAR competition. The finish eventually turned into more sporadic appearances with HRE throughout the rest of the season. Chastain also joined the team for a part-time NASCAR K&N Pro Series East effort that year.
He then joined JD Motorsports in 2015, replacing Jeffrey Earnhardt. The opportunity emerged after Chastain raced with TriStar Motorsports at the end of the 2014 season. His car was comparable to the performances of the JDM cars, which led to a deal in the offseason. Chastain logged four top-tens on the year, ninth in the season-opening PowerShares QQQ 300, tenth at the other Daytona race, tenth at Iowa, and tenth at Darlington, and got into an altercation with Ryan Reed after a race at Richmond International Raceway. Reed claimed Chastain made too much contact on late restarts and vowed payback, while Chastain simply brushed the incident off as a difference of opinions in short-track racing.
2017
Chastain's 2017 Xfinity season was the best of his career, scoring a top-five at Iowa and two top tens as well as finishing 13th in points, the highest of the non-playoff drivers. He achieved this after a tight points battle with J.J. Yeley for the spot in the last four races of the season. In the second half of the season, Chastain rarely finished outside the top twenty and mainly finished in the mid-teens.
The season was marred by two fights with fellow Xfinity drivers, one with Jeremy Clements at Bristol after Clements confronted him and one with Brendan Gaughan at Texas after heated on-track competition. Chastain, Gaughan, and crew members from both teams brawled behind Victory Lane after the night race. A crew member from JD Motorsports teammate Garrett Smithley was taken to the hospital with a head injury after the fight. Chastain blamed the confrontation on Gaughan, saying the Richard Childress Racing driver attacked him, but also acknowledged that he races hard and does not play favorites. Gaughan initially avoided discussing the incident with reporters but later boasted about the incident on SiriusXM NASCAR Radio and said that he received several text messages from fellow drivers who were happy about the incident. He did admit that he could've handled the situation later but didn't care about it. That opinion was likely influenced by the fact that 2017 was Gaughan's final Xfinity season, as any retaliation would have to happen within the next two races.
In 2017, Chastain joined Premium Motorsports' No. 15 car for his Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series debut in the AAA 400 Drive for Autism at Dover, an opportunity he initially resisted after being informed of the opportunity by Xfinity team owner Johnny Davis. he finished 20th. Chastain heard from various sources that his driving style made multiple drivers mad on-track, but Chastain says it doesn't bother him. He also drove the No. 15 at the fall Dover race, finishing 38th. Chastain was originally on the entry list to drive the No. 7 car, the second car for Premium Motorsports, at the Cup series season finale at Homestead, but the team withdrew.
2018
In late September 2017, Chastain announced that he would return to JD Motorsports for a fourth year, running the entire 2018 NASCAR Xfinity Series season, as well as hinting at another part-time Cup schedule with Premium Motorsports. He started off the Xfinity season with a top-ten at Daytona International Speedway, and ran his first Cup race of 2018 the week after at Atlanta Motor Speedway. By the Easter off weekend, Chastain had expanded his Cup schedule, which had included every race since Atlanta, to all of the race weekends where the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series and NASCAR Xfinity Series run at the same track. Chastain also returned to the truck series at Iowa on an off week for the Cup Series and a companion race with the Xfinity Series, driving the No. 50 truck for Beaver Motorsports. He continued to run most of the Cup schedule, running the entirety of the summer schedule save for the Sonoma Raceway event, where Justin Marks drove. Chastain tied his career-best finish Xfinity Series finish at Iowa Speedway, avoiding last-lap chaos to bring home another fourth-place finish. At the Xfinity Series race at Mid-Ohio, Chastain and Joey Gase made contact multiple times on the final lap, eventually leading Gase to spin off track. On pit road after the race, Gase swerved his car toward Chastain with spectators and crew members in the vicinity. The two later had a shouting match and Gase was tackled by one of Chastain's crew members. After a trip to the NASCAR hauler, Gase called Chastain a "golden boy" and threatened to derail Chastain's playoff hopes. Chastain hopped in the Premium Motorsports No. 15 truck for the World of Westgate 200 and finished seventh, Premium's best-ever finish across all three NASCAR national series.
On the strength of a summer performance that saw him hold down the final Xfinity Series playoff spot, Chastain and Chip Ganassi Racing announced a three-race agreement for Chastain to pilot the organization's No. 42 entry for races at Darlington Raceway, Las Vegas Motor Speedway and Richmond Raceway. The races came at the expense of John Hunter Nemechek, who could not sell sponsorship for the races. DC Solar was announced as a backer for Chastain's effort. Chastain had previously met the CEO of DC Solar at Auto Club Speedway in 2018, and plans materialized from there. For the first race of the trio, Chastain held top-ten spots in both practices, finishing second in first practice. He later claimed the pole over Christopher Bell, and during the race won the first two stages. During the third stage, Chastain was battling for the race lead with Kevin Harvick with thirty-five laps to go. Through turns one and two of the traditionally one-groove Darlington track, the lapped car of Chad Finchum took the top-groove racing lane, leaving Harvick and Chastain jostling for positions in the bottom lanes. After clearing Finchum, Harvick slid up into Chastain who then slid up into the wall. On the backstretch, Chastain hooked Harvick's machine into the outside wall, ending Harvick's day. Harvick later parked in Chastain's pit stall before giving a heated post-race interview calling Chastain "inexperienced" and saying that Chastain will "never get to drive many of them [events in top-tier cars] again. Chip Ganassi then responded on Twitter, defending Chastain's performance and stating that he "helped himself to many future opportunities"." Chastain, for his part, finished 25th after repairs and called running up front "cool" and also saying "I don't care what Harvick says."
After running a race with JD Motorsports at Indianapolis, Chastain returned to CGR for the DC Solar 300 at Las Vegas Motor Speedway. He once again performed well throughout the weekend, securing the second-fastest time in final practice and the fifth starting spot for the race. Once again the class of the field, Chastain led all but twenty of the 200 laps in the race and prevailed over Justin Allgaier for the victory, his first in over 200 starts in NASCAR. True to his roots, Chastain smashed a watermelon on the track as a final victory celebration. In a post-race media conference, he admitted to getting emotional in the closing laps of the race due to the gravity of the win. With the win, a playoff berth was wrapped up, the first of his career. Chastain also revealed that he was not being paid to drive the car, something that he claimed was reason for ridicule within the sport. Chastain fell out of the playoffs after the opening round after Matt Tifft made a late-race rally at Dover, claiming the final spot by three points.
Towards the latter part of the 2018 season, Chastain joined Niece Motorsports for some NASCAR Camping World Truck Series races. Although some were surprised at how well Chastain ran in those races, Chastain instead said that the organization was better than the community gave it credit for.
2019
On October 6, 2018, it was reported that Chastain had agreed to drive the 2019 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series season with Premium Motorsports, and a deal with Chip Ganassi Racing for more Xfinity races was likely. On November 9, 2018, Chastain and CGR announced a full season in the No. 42 Xfinity Series car for 2019. DC Solar, instrumental in Chastain's introduction to the team, remained on as sponsor. However, after DC Solar was raided by the FBI on December 18, 2018, the team lost the sponsorship and shut down in January.
In January 2019, Chastain joined Niece Motorsports to drive the No. 45 Silverado part-time in the Truck Series, splitting the truck with Reid Wilson. On January 31, Chastain announced he would return to the No. 4 JD Motorsports ride for 30 races, replacing Blake Koch, who stepped away to focus on business ventures. For the other three races of the schedule – Daytona in February, Chicagoland in June, and Texas in November – Chastain announced he would join Kaulig Racing, driving the organization's No. 10 entry. In his first race with Niece, Chastain began the season with a third-place finish in the 2019 NextEra Energy 250. At his first ever Daytona 500, Chastain scored his first career top-ten in the Cup Series despite starting 36th in the race.
During the spring, Chastain broke the all-time NASCAR record for most consecutive races run across all three national series to start a season, surpassing the mark of 22 set by Kyle Busch set in 2008.
On May 10, Chastain won his first career NASCAR Gander Outdoors Truck Series race in the 2019 Digital Ally 250 at Kansas Speedway. He nearly spun out with 20 laps to go but saved the truck, later inheriting the lead from Stewart Friesen after he ran out of fuel. In June, he announced his intention to switch to Truck Series points to compete for a championship in the series.
In June's M&M's 200 at Iowa, Chastain led 141 of 200 laps and swept the stages to score the win, but his truck failed post-race inspection and his victory was forfeited to Brett Moffitt under NASCAR's newly-introduced disqualification policy. Chastain was the first driver to have a win revoked since Dale Jarrett was disqualified from a Busch Series race in 1995, relegated to last in the official standings. Chastain's team appealed the penalty, though it was eventually upheld after a hearing with National Motorsports Appeals panelist Bryan Moss. He earned redemption the following week in Gateway's CarShield 200, however, leading 21 laps and scoring the victory after taking only fuel and no tires on his final pit stop.
Chastain won the 2019 Circle K Firecracker 250 at Daytona driving the No. 16 Camaro for Kaulig Racing. Chastain's teammates Justin Haley and A.J. Allmendinger finished behind him, though Allmendinger was subsequently disqualified for failing post-race inspection. Chastain would later win at Pocono Raceway in the Truck Series in commanding fashion, dedicating his win to Kaulig crew chief Nick Harrison, who had died the previous week. In Xfinity Series competition at Watkins Glen International, Chastain sent Justin Allgaier spinning off the track in the bus stop portion of the circuit; Allgaier, thinking the move was intentional, wrecked Chastain in the same section of the track later in the race, relegating Chastain to a 34th-place finish. Chastain chalked his side of the incidents up to mistakes while Allgaier cited instances of Daytona earlier in 2018 and Las Vegas in 2018 as further dirty racing by Chastain. Once Chastain's berth in the Truck Series playoffs was secure, CarShield announced full sponsorship of his playoff efforts.
Chastain would earn his second top-five of 2019 when he finished second to Christopher Bell at Texas Motor Speedway in November, leading 29 laps.
2020
On October 15, 2019, it was announced that Chastain would be driving for Kaulig Racing full-time in the 2020 NASCAR Xfinity Series. Chastain also returned to the Cup Series at the Daytona 500 and Coca-Cola 600, driving the No. 77 in a partnership between Chip Ganassi Racing and Spire Motorsports. He also retained his ride with Niece Motorsports in the Truck Series in a part-time capacity, moving over to the organization's No. 44 entry and sharing the ride with Carson Hocevar and Natalie Decker.
Chastain failed to qualify for the Xfinity season opener at Daytona after mechanical issues plagued his car. However, Kaulig and RSS Racing forged an agreement that RSS driver Jeff Green surrender his No. 38 car to Chastain for the race. In the Daytona 500, Chastain was involved in a late wreck with Ryan Preece that took him out of the race.
On February 19, Roush Fenway Racing announced Chastain would replace an injured Ryan Newman in the team's No. 6 Ford starting with the Pennzoil 400 at Las Vegas. Chastain drove the No. 6 for three races before the season was put on hold due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Newman returned to the No. 6 when the season resumed while Chastain returned to Spire Motorsports part-time.
On September 21, Chip Ganassi Racing announced that Chastain would replace Matt Kenseth in the No. 42 Chevrolet in 2021. He finished a career-high 7th in the Xfinity standings with 27 top tens (the most out of every driver that season) and 15 top-fives (including five runner-ups).
2021
Chastain's Cup tenure with Ganassi began with a seventh-place finish in the 2021 Daytona 500, his best Cup finish up to that point. During the race's rain delay, he became the subject of a viral video from CGR in which he ordered food at a McDonald's (a team sponsor) drive-through for the team.
In March, Chastain rejoined Niece for the Truck race at Atlanta. In May, he reunited with SS-Green Light Racing to drive their No. 07 car in the Xfinity Series race at Circuit of the Americas, replacing its normal driver, Joe Graf Jr.
On June 30, 2021, Justin Marks, co-founder of Trackhouse Racing Team announced that he had purchased Chip Ganassi Racing's entire NASCAR operations after the 2021 season, leaving Chastain as a free agent. On August 3, 2021, it was revealed that Chastain would drive the No. 1 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 for Trackhouse Racing's upcoming second Cup team, alongside the No. 99 of Daniel Suárez, in a multi-year deal beginning in 2022.
Personal life
A native of Alva, Florida, Chastain was a watermelon farmer on his family's farm until he turned thirteen. He is a graduate of Riverdale High School in Fort Myers. Chastain attended Florida Gulf Coast University for a semester before he began racing in the Truck Series.
While Chastain's father did race a bit as a hobby, Ross is the first generation of his family to race competitively. Ross started racing at age twelve after seeing his father hobby race and seeing other kids his age race. Ross is the older brother of Chad Chastain.
Motorsports career results
NASCAR
(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.)
Cup Series
Daytona 500
Xfinity Series
Camping World Truck Series
K&N Pro Series East
Season still in progress
Ineligible for series points
Chastain began the 2019 season racing for Xfinity Series points but switched to Truck Series points before the SpeedyCash.com 400 at Texas.
References
External links
NASCAR drivers
Racing drivers from Florida
Farmers from Florida
People from Lee County, Florida
1992 births
Living people
RFK Racing drivers
Chip Ganassi Racing drivers | [
"Ross L. Chastain (born December 4, 1992) is an American professional stock car racing driver.",
"He competes full-time in the NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No.",
"1 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 for Trackhouse Racing Team.",
"He is nicknamed The Watermelon Man, or simply Melon Man due to his family's history as watermelon farmers, which he also participates in; whenever he celebrates race wins, he smashes a watermelon to the ground in Victory Lane.",
"Early career\nChastain started racing at the age of twelve, his interest piqued by his father's hobby racing and other kids his age racing.",
"His home track was Punta Gorda Speedway in Punta Gorda, Florida, at the age of twelve, competing in both late model and Fastruck Series events.",
"Even those races, at tracks like Citrus County Speedway, Auburndale Speedway and DeSoto Speedway, were run on a tight budget, a theme that would carry on to much of Chastain's career in the higher ranks of NASCAR.",
"His short track career saw Chastain scoring over fifty wins in feature events, including the Limited Late Model portion of the 2011 World Series Of Asphalt Stock Car Racing at New Smyrna Speedway, winning three of eight events in the series.",
"NASCAR\n\nAfter making the move to Charlotte in mid-2011, Chastain took over the No.",
"66 Turn One Racing entry in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series after Justin Marks vacated the seat.",
"His first Truck race, at Lucas Oil Raceway at Indianapolis, was his first race with live pit stops.",
"He finished 10th in that event.",
"Connections in the watermelon farming industry got Chastain four more races, which were marred by incidents at Bristol Motor Speedway and Kentucky Speedway.",
"At Homestead-Miami Speedway, rain prevented the Turn One team from making the race, so the team bought an RSS Racing start and park entry and ran the full race, finishing two laps down.",
"It was later announced that Chastain would compete for Rookie of the Year honors with SS-Green Light Racing in 2012.",
"Driving the No.",
"08 truck sponsored by the National Watermelon Association and National Watermelon Promotion Board, he scored a career-best finish of seventh in the second race of the season at Martinsville Speedway.",
"He bested his 7th-place finish with a 3rd-place finish at Bristol in August.",
"In January 2013, it was announced that Chastain would drive in 15 Camping World Truck Series races in 2013 for Brad Keselowski Racing.",
"At Iowa Speedway in September, Chastain won his first career Truck Series pole for the Fan Appreciation 200; he led the most laps in the race, finishing second to James Buescher as the race underwent a green-white-checkered finish.",
"Chastain also came close to the win at the penultimate race at Phoenix, finishing second to Erik Jones after leading over 60 laps.",
"Years later, Chastain said that he initially made the move to BKR as an attempt to get in a Team Penske ride, but that BKR and Penske did not view the situation that way.",
"2014–2016\nLeaving BKR after the 2013 season, Chastain moved to RBR Enterprises for a part-time schedule in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series for 2014.",
"Comments before and after the Martinsville race, as well as racing actions during the race, led the team to fire Chastain from the ride.",
"In May, he announced he would make his debut in the Nationwide Series (now Xfinity Series) at Charlotte Motor Speedway, driving the No.",
"55 for Viva Motorsports.",
"Chastain later drove for Hattori Racing Enterprises at Michigan International Speedway, replacing Johnny Sauter.",
"If that opportunity did not arise, Chastain was set to replace another driver that weekend, John Wes Townley in the No.",
"5 Wauters Motorsports truck at Gateway Motorsports Park.",
"In the race with HRE, Chastain finished twelfth, which was to that point the team's best finish in NASCAR competition.",
"The finish eventually turned into more sporadic appearances with HRE throughout the rest of the season.",
"Chastain also joined the team for a part-time NASCAR K&N Pro Series East effort that year.",
"He then joined JD Motorsports in 2015, replacing Jeffrey Earnhardt.",
"The opportunity emerged after Chastain raced with TriStar Motorsports at the end of the 2014 season.",
"His car was comparable to the performances of the JDM cars, which led to a deal in the offseason.",
"Chastain logged four top-tens on the year, ninth in the season-opening PowerShares QQQ 300, tenth at the other Daytona race, tenth at Iowa, and tenth at Darlington, and got into an altercation with Ryan Reed after a race at Richmond International Raceway.",
"Reed claimed Chastain made too much contact on late restarts and vowed payback, while Chastain simply brushed the incident off as a difference of opinions in short-track racing.",
"2017\n\nChastain's 2017 Xfinity season was the best of his career, scoring a top-five at Iowa and two top tens as well as finishing 13th in points, the highest of the non-playoff drivers.",
"He achieved this after a tight points battle with J.J. Yeley for the spot in the last four races of the season.",
"In the second half of the season, Chastain rarely finished outside the top twenty and mainly finished in the mid-teens.",
"The season was marred by two fights with fellow Xfinity drivers, one with Jeremy Clements at Bristol after Clements confronted him and one with Brendan Gaughan at Texas after heated on-track competition.",
"Chastain, Gaughan, and crew members from both teams brawled behind Victory Lane after the night race.",
"A crew member from JD Motorsports teammate Garrett Smithley was taken to the hospital with a head injury after the fight.",
"Chastain blamed the confrontation on Gaughan, saying the Richard Childress Racing driver attacked him, but also acknowledged that he races hard and does not play favorites.",
"Gaughan initially avoided discussing the incident with reporters but later boasted about the incident on SiriusXM NASCAR Radio and said that he received several text messages from fellow drivers who were happy about the incident.",
"He did admit that he could've handled the situation later but didn't care about it.",
"That opinion was likely influenced by the fact that 2017 was Gaughan's final Xfinity season, as any retaliation would have to happen within the next two races.",
"In 2017, Chastain joined Premium Motorsports' No.",
"15 car for his Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series debut in the AAA 400 Drive for Autism at Dover, an opportunity he initially resisted after being informed of the opportunity by Xfinity team owner Johnny Davis.",
"he finished 20th.",
"Chastain heard from various sources that his driving style made multiple drivers mad on-track, but Chastain says it doesn't bother him.",
"He also drove the No.",
"15 at the fall Dover race, finishing 38th.",
"Chastain was originally on the entry list to drive the No.",
"7 car, the second car for Premium Motorsports, at the Cup series season finale at Homestead, but the team withdrew.",
"2018\nIn late September 2017, Chastain announced that he would return to JD Motorsports for a fourth year, running the entire 2018 NASCAR Xfinity Series season, as well as hinting at another part-time Cup schedule with Premium Motorsports.",
"He started off the Xfinity season with a top-ten at Daytona International Speedway, and ran his first Cup race of 2018 the week after at Atlanta Motor Speedway.",
"By the Easter off weekend, Chastain had expanded his Cup schedule, which had included every race since Atlanta, to all of the race weekends where the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series and NASCAR Xfinity Series run at the same track.",
"Chastain also returned to the truck series at Iowa on an off week for the Cup Series and a companion race with the Xfinity Series, driving the No.",
"50 truck for Beaver Motorsports.",
"He continued to run most of the Cup schedule, running the entirety of the summer schedule save for the Sonoma Raceway event, where Justin Marks drove.",
"Chastain tied his career-best finish Xfinity Series finish at Iowa Speedway, avoiding last-lap chaos to bring home another fourth-place finish.",
"At the Xfinity Series race at Mid-Ohio, Chastain and Joey Gase made contact multiple times on the final lap, eventually leading Gase to spin off track.",
"On pit road after the race, Gase swerved his car toward Chastain with spectators and crew members in the vicinity.",
"The two later had a shouting match and Gase was tackled by one of Chastain's crew members.",
"After a trip to the NASCAR hauler, Gase called Chastain a \"golden boy\" and threatened to derail Chastain's playoff hopes.",
"Chastain hopped in the Premium Motorsports No.",
"15 truck for the World of Westgate 200 and finished seventh, Premium's best-ever finish across all three NASCAR national series.",
"On the strength of a summer performance that saw him hold down the final Xfinity Series playoff spot, Chastain and Chip Ganassi Racing announced a three-race agreement for Chastain to pilot the organization's No.",
"42 entry for races at Darlington Raceway, Las Vegas Motor Speedway and Richmond Raceway.",
"The races came at the expense of John Hunter Nemechek, who could not sell sponsorship for the races.",
"DC Solar was announced as a backer for Chastain's effort.",
"Chastain had previously met the CEO of DC Solar at Auto Club Speedway in 2018, and plans materialized from there.",
"For the first race of the trio, Chastain held top-ten spots in both practices, finishing second in first practice.",
"He later claimed the pole over Christopher Bell, and during the race won the first two stages.",
"During the third stage, Chastain was battling for the race lead with Kevin Harvick with thirty-five laps to go.",
"Through turns one and two of the traditionally one-groove Darlington track, the lapped car of Chad Finchum took the top-groove racing lane, leaving Harvick and Chastain jostling for positions in the bottom lanes.",
"After clearing Finchum, Harvick slid up into Chastain who then slid up into the wall.",
"On the backstretch, Chastain hooked Harvick's machine into the outside wall, ending Harvick's day.",
"Harvick later parked in Chastain's pit stall before giving a heated post-race interview calling Chastain \"inexperienced\" and saying that Chastain will \"never get to drive many of them [events in top-tier cars] again.",
"Chip Ganassi then responded on Twitter, defending Chastain's performance and stating that he \"helped himself to many future opportunities\".\"",
"Chastain, for his part, finished 25th after repairs and called running up front \"cool\" and also saying \"I don't care what Harvick says.\"",
"After running a race with JD Motorsports at Indianapolis, Chastain returned to CGR for the DC Solar 300 at Las Vegas Motor Speedway.",
"He once again performed well throughout the weekend, securing the second-fastest time in final practice and the fifth starting spot for the race.",
"Once again the class of the field, Chastain led all but twenty of the 200 laps in the race and prevailed over Justin Allgaier for the victory, his first in over 200 starts in NASCAR.",
"True to his roots, Chastain smashed a watermelon on the track as a final victory celebration.",
"In a post-race media conference, he admitted to getting emotional in the closing laps of the race due to the gravity of the win.",
"With the win, a playoff berth was wrapped up, the first of his career.",
"Chastain also revealed that he was not being paid to drive the car, something that he claimed was reason for ridicule within the sport.",
"Chastain fell out of the playoffs after the opening round after Matt Tifft made a late-race rally at Dover, claiming the final spot by three points.",
"Towards the latter part of the 2018 season, Chastain joined Niece Motorsports for some NASCAR Camping World Truck Series races.",
"Although some were surprised at how well Chastain ran in those races, Chastain instead said that the organization was better than the community gave it credit for.",
"2019\n\nOn October 6, 2018, it was reported that Chastain had agreed to drive the 2019 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series season with Premium Motorsports, and a deal with Chip Ganassi Racing for more Xfinity races was likely.",
"On November 9, 2018, Chastain and CGR announced a full season in the No.",
"42 Xfinity Series car for 2019.",
"DC Solar, instrumental in Chastain's introduction to the team, remained on as sponsor.",
"However, after DC Solar was raided by the FBI on December 18, 2018, the team lost the sponsorship and shut down in January.",
"In January 2019, Chastain joined Niece Motorsports to drive the No.",
"45 Silverado part-time in the Truck Series, splitting the truck with Reid Wilson.",
"On January 31, Chastain announced he would return to the No.",
"4 JD Motorsports ride for 30 races, replacing Blake Koch, who stepped away to focus on business ventures.",
"For the other three races of the schedule – Daytona in February, Chicagoland in June, and Texas in November – Chastain announced he would join Kaulig Racing, driving the organization's No.",
"10 entry.",
"In his first race with Niece, Chastain began the season with a third-place finish in the 2019 NextEra Energy 250.",
"At his first ever Daytona 500, Chastain scored his first career top-ten in the Cup Series despite starting 36th in the race.",
"During the spring, Chastain broke the all-time NASCAR record for most consecutive races run across all three national series to start a season, surpassing the mark of 22 set by Kyle Busch set in 2008.",
"On May 10, Chastain won his first career NASCAR Gander Outdoors Truck Series race in the 2019 Digital Ally 250 at Kansas Speedway.",
"He nearly spun out with 20 laps to go but saved the truck, later inheriting the lead from Stewart Friesen after he ran out of fuel.",
"In June, he announced his intention to switch to Truck Series points to compete for a championship in the series.",
"In June's M&M's 200 at Iowa, Chastain led 141 of 200 laps and swept the stages to score the win, but his truck failed post-race inspection and his victory was forfeited to Brett Moffitt under NASCAR's newly-introduced disqualification policy.",
"Chastain was the first driver to have a win revoked since Dale Jarrett was disqualified from a Busch Series race in 1995, relegated to last in the official standings.",
"Chastain's team appealed the penalty, though it was eventually upheld after a hearing with National Motorsports Appeals panelist Bryan Moss.",
"He earned redemption the following week in Gateway's CarShield 200, however, leading 21 laps and scoring the victory after taking only fuel and no tires on his final pit stop.",
"Chastain won the 2019 Circle K Firecracker 250 at Daytona driving the No.",
"16 Camaro for Kaulig Racing.",
"Chastain's teammates Justin Haley and A.J.",
"Allmendinger finished behind him, though Allmendinger was subsequently disqualified for failing post-race inspection.",
"Chastain would later win at Pocono Raceway in the Truck Series in commanding fashion, dedicating his win to Kaulig crew chief Nick Harrison, who had died the previous week.",
"In Xfinity Series competition at Watkins Glen International, Chastain sent Justin Allgaier spinning off the track in the bus stop portion of the circuit; Allgaier, thinking the move was intentional, wrecked Chastain in the same section of the track later in the race, relegating Chastain to a 34th-place finish.",
"Chastain chalked his side of the incidents up to mistakes while Allgaier cited instances of Daytona earlier in 2018 and Las Vegas in 2018 as further dirty racing by Chastain.",
"Once Chastain's berth in the Truck Series playoffs was secure, CarShield announced full sponsorship of his playoff efforts.",
"Chastain would earn his second top-five of 2019 when he finished second to Christopher Bell at Texas Motor Speedway in November, leading 29 laps.",
"2020\n\nOn October 15, 2019, it was announced that Chastain would be driving for Kaulig Racing full-time in the 2020 NASCAR Xfinity Series.",
"Chastain also returned to the Cup Series at the Daytona 500 and Coca-Cola 600, driving the No.",
"77 in a partnership between Chip Ganassi Racing and Spire Motorsports.",
"He also retained his ride with Niece Motorsports in the Truck Series in a part-time capacity, moving over to the organization's No.",
"44 entry and sharing the ride with Carson Hocevar and Natalie Decker.",
"Chastain failed to qualify for the Xfinity season opener at Daytona after mechanical issues plagued his car.",
"However, Kaulig and RSS Racing forged an agreement that RSS driver Jeff Green surrender his No.",
"38 car to Chastain for the race.",
"In the Daytona 500, Chastain was involved in a late wreck with Ryan Preece that took him out of the race.",
"On February 19, Roush Fenway Racing announced Chastain would replace an injured Ryan Newman in the team's No.",
"6 Ford starting with the Pennzoil 400 at Las Vegas.",
"Chastain drove the No.",
"6 for three races before the season was put on hold due to the COVID-19 pandemic.",
"Newman returned to the No.",
"6 when the season resumed while Chastain returned to Spire Motorsports part-time.",
"On September 21, Chip Ganassi Racing announced that Chastain would replace Matt Kenseth in the No.",
"42 Chevrolet in 2021.",
"He finished a career-high 7th in the Xfinity standings with 27 top tens (the most out of every driver that season) and 15 top-fives (including five runner-ups).",
"2021\n\nChastain's Cup tenure with Ganassi began with a seventh-place finish in the 2021 Daytona 500, his best Cup finish up to that point.",
"During the race's rain delay, he became the subject of a viral video from CGR in which he ordered food at a McDonald's (a team sponsor) drive-through for the team.",
"In March, Chastain rejoined Niece for the Truck race at Atlanta.",
"In May, he reunited with SS-Green Light Racing to drive their No.",
"07 car in the Xfinity Series race at Circuit of the Americas, replacing its normal driver, Joe Graf Jr.\n\nOn June 30, 2021, Justin Marks, co-founder of Trackhouse Racing Team announced that he had purchased Chip Ganassi Racing's entire NASCAR operations after the 2021 season, leaving Chastain as a free agent.",
"On August 3, 2021, it was revealed that Chastain would drive the No.",
"1 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 for Trackhouse Racing's upcoming second Cup team, alongside the No.",
"99 of Daniel Suárez, in a multi-year deal beginning in 2022.",
"Personal life\nA native of Alva, Florida, Chastain was a watermelon farmer on his family's farm until he turned thirteen.",
"He is a graduate of Riverdale High School in Fort Myers.",
"Chastain attended Florida Gulf Coast University for a semester before he began racing in the Truck Series.",
"While Chastain's father did race a bit as a hobby, Ross is the first generation of his family to race competitively.",
"Ross started racing at age twelve after seeing his father hobby race and seeing other kids his age race.",
"Ross is the older brother of Chad Chastain.",
"Motorsports career results\n\nNASCAR\n(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time.",
"Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time.",
"* – Most laps led.)",
"Cup Series\n\nDaytona 500\n\nXfinity Series\n\nCamping World Truck Series\n\nK&N Pro Series East\n\n Season still in progress\n Ineligible for series points\n Chastain began the 2019 season racing for Xfinity Series points but switched to Truck Series points before the SpeedyCash.com 400 at Texas.",
"References\n\nExternal links\n\n \n \n\nNASCAR drivers\nRacing drivers from Florida\nFarmers from Florida\nPeople from Lee County, Florida\n1992 births\nLiving people\nRFK Racing drivers\nChip Ganassi Racing drivers"
] | [
"Ross L. Chastain was born on December 4, 1992.",
"He is a full-time driver in the NASCAR Cup Series.",
"Trackhouse Racing Team has a Chevrolet Camaro ZL1.",
"He is known as The Watermelon Man due to his family's history as watermelon farmers, and whenever he celebrates a race win, he smashes a watermelon to the ground in Victory Lane.",
"Chastain started racing at the age of twelve because of his father's hobby racing and other kids his age racing.",
"At the age of twelve, he competed in both late model and Fastruck Series events at his home track in Florida.",
"It was a theme that would carry on to much of Chastain's career in the higher ranks of NASCAR, as the races were run on a tight budget.",
"His short track career saw him score over fifty wins in feature events, including the limited Late Model portion of the 2011 World Series of Asphalt Stock Car Racing at New Smyrna Speedway, winning three of eight events in the series.",
"In mid-2011, after the move to Charlotte, Chastain took over the No.",
"66 Turn One Racing has a seat in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series.",
"His first Truck race was at Lucas Oil Raceway at Indianapolis.",
"He finished 10th in that event.",
"The watermelon farming industry got four more races which were marred by incidents.",
"When rain stopped the Turn One team from making the race, they bought an RSS Racing start and park entry and ran the full race, finishing two laps down.",
"In 2012 it was announced that Chastain would compete for the title of rookies of the year.",
"The driver is driving the No.",
"He scored a career-best seventh place finish in the second race of the season, which was sponsored by the National Watermelon Association and National Watermelon Promotion Board.",
"He had a 3rd-place finish at Bristol in August.",
"In January of this year, it was announced that Chastain would drive in 15 Camping World Truck Series races for Brad Keselowski Racing.",
"In September, he won the pole for the Fan Appreciation 200 at Iowa and led the majority of the race before finishing second to James Buescher in a green-white-checkered finish.",
"At the last race at Phoenix, Chastain was second to Jones after leading over 60 laps.",
"The move to BKR was initially made to get in a Team Penske ride, but BKR and Penske didn't see it that way.",
"After leaving BKR for a part-time schedule in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series, he moved to RBR Enterprises.",
"Comments before and after the race, as well as racing actions during the race, led the team to fire Chastain from the ride.",
"He announced in May that he would make his debut in the Nationwide Series at Charlotte Motor Speedway.",
"55 for Viva Motorsports.",
"Johnny Sauter was replaced by Chastain at Michigan International Speedway.",
"If that opportunity didn't come, John Wes Townley was going to be replaced by Chastain.",
"The truck is at the park.",
"The team's best finish in NASCAR competition was twelfth place in the race with HRE.",
"Throughout the rest of the season, the finish turned into more sporadic appearances with HRE.",
"The team had a part-time effort in the NASCAR K&N Pro Series East.",
"Jeffrey Earnhardt was replaced by him in 2015.",
"The opportunity came about after Chastain raced for TriStar at the end of the season.",
"His car was close to the JDM cars, which led to a deal in the off-season.",
"There were four top-tens on the year, including ninth in the PowerShares QQQ 300, tenth at the other Daytona race, tenth at Iowa, and tenth at Darlington, where he got into an altercation with Ryan Reed.",
"Reed claimed that Chastain made too much contact on late restarts and vowed to payback, while Chastain simply brushed the incident off as a difference of opinions in short-track racing.",
"The best season of his career was in 2017: he scored a top-five at Iowa and two top tens as well as finishing 13th in points, the highest of the non-playoff drivers.",
"In the last four races of the season, he battled J.J. Yeley for the spot.",
"In the second half of the season, Chastain mostly finished in the mid-teens.",
"The season was marred by two fights with fellow drivers, one with Jeremy Clements at Bristol after he confronted him and the other with Brendan Gaughan at Texas after a heated on-track competition.",
"Crew members from both teams got into a fight after the race.",
"A crew member from the team was taken to the hospital with a head injury after the fight.",
"He blamed the confrontation on Gaughan, but also acknowledged that he races hard and does not play favorites.",
"Gaughan initially avoided discussing the incident with reporters but later boasted about the incident on SiriusXM NASCAR Radio and said that he received several text messages from fellow drivers who were happy about the incident.",
"He admitted that he could've handled the situation later, but he didn't care about it.",
"It's possible that the opinion was influenced by the fact that Gaughan's final season was in the Xfinity series and any retaliation would have to happen within the next two races.",
"Premium Motorsports' No. 1 was joined by Chastain.",
"He initially resisted the opportunity to drive the 15 car for his Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series debut in the 400 Drive for Autism at Dover after being informed of the opportunity by Johnny Davis, the team owner.",
"He finished 20th.",
"According to various sources, Chastain's driving style made other drivers mad, but he says it doesn't bother him.",
"The No. was also driven by him.",
"At the fall race, 15 finished 38th.",
"The entry list had Chastain on it.",
"The second car for Premium Motorsports was withdrawn from the finale of the Cup series.",
"In September of last year, he announced that he would return to the team for a fourth year, running the entire NASCAR Xfinity Series season, as well as another part-time Cup schedule with Premium Motorsports.",
"He ran his first Cup race of the year the week after he ran a top-ten at Daytona.",
"The Cup schedule was expanded by the Easter off weekend to include all of the race weekends where the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series and NASCAR Xfinity Series run at the same track.",
"On an off week for the Cup Series and a companion race with the Xfinity Series, Chastain returned to the truck series at Iowa.",
"50 truck for a company.",
"He ran the entire summer schedule save for the Sonoma Raceway event, where Marks drove.",
"A fourth-place finish was Chastain's career-best finish in the Xfinity Series.",
"At the Mid-Ohio race, Joey Gase spun off the track after contact with Ross Chastain on the final lap.",
"On the pit road after the race, Gase swerved his car toward Chastain with spectators and crew members in the vicinity.",
"The two had a shouting match and one of the crew members tackled Gase.",
"Gase threatened to derail Chastain's playoff hopes after calling him a \"golden boy\".",
"The Premium Motorsports No. was hopped in by Chastain.",
"Premium's best-ever finish across all three NASCAR national series was achieved with the 15 truck for the World of Westgate 200.",
"On the strength of a summer performance that saw him hold down the final Xfinity Series playoff spot, Chastain and Chip Ganassi Racing announced a three-race agreement for him to pilot the organization's No.",
"There are races at Las Vegas Motor Speedway.",
"John Hunter was unable to sell sponsorship for the races.",
"DC Solar was a backer.",
"After meeting the CEO of DC Solar at Auto Club Speedway, plans came to fruition.",
"The first race of the trio was won by Chastain, who finished second in the first practice.",
"He won the first two stages of the race.",
"Kevin Harvick was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217",
"Through turns one and two of the traditionally one-groove Darlington track, the lapped car of Chad Finchum took the top-groove racing lane, leaving Harvick and Chastain for positions in the bottom lanes.",
"Harvick slid up into Chastain who slid up into the wall.",
"Harvick's machine was hooked into the outside wall on the back stretch.",
"Harvick later parked in Chastain's pit stall before giving a heated post-race interview calling him \"inexperienced\" and saying that he wouldn't get to drive many of them again.",
"Chip said that he helped himself to many future opportunities and defended Chastain's performance.",
"After repairs, he finished 25th and said \"I don't care what Harvick says.\"",
"After running a race at Indianapolis, Chastain returned to CGR for the DC Solar 300 at Las Vegas Motor Speedway.",
"He secured the second-fastest time in final practice and the fifth starting spot for the race, as he did throughout the weekend.",
"After leading all but twenty of the 200 laps in the race, he defeated Allgaier for the victory, his first in over 200 starts in NASCAR.",
"As a final victory celebration, he smashed a watermelon on the track.",
"He admitted to getting emotional in the closing laps of the race due to the gravity of the win.",
"The first of his career was accomplished with the win.",
"The reason for ridicule within the sport was due to the fact that he was not being paid to drive the car.",
"The final spot in the playoffs was claimed by Matt Tifft after he made a late-race rally.",
"The last part of the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series season was when Chastain joined the team.",
"Chastain said that the organization was better than the community gave it credit for.",
"On October 6, 2018, it was reported that Chastain had agreed to drive the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series season with Premium Motorsports, and a deal with Chip Ganassi Racing for more Xfinity races was likely.",
"There will be a full season in the No.",
"The car for 2019.",
"DC Solar was the main sponsor of the team.",
"After DC Solar was raided by the FBI, the team lost their sponsorship and shut down.",
"The No. 1 car was driven by Chastain in January 2019.",
"Part-time in the Truck Series, splitting the truck with another person.",
"On January 31, he said he would return to the No.",
"Replacing Blake Koch, who stepped away to focus on business ventures, were 4JD Motorsports.",
"The other three races of the schedule are Daytona in February, Chicagoland in June, and Texas in November.",
"There are 10 entries.",
"He finished third in the NextEra Energy 250 in his first race with Niece.",
"He scored his first career top-ten in the Cup Series despite starting 36th in the Daytona 500.",
"The all-time NASCAR record for most consecutive races run across all three national series to start a season was set in 2008 by Kyle Busch.",
"On May 10, he won his first career NASCAR Gander Outdoors Truck Series race.",
"He saved the truck with 20 laps to go but ran out of fuel and lost the lead to Stewart Friesen.",
"He said in June that he would switch to Truck Series points in order to win a title.",
"In June's M&M's 200 at Iowa, Chastain led 141 of 200 laps and swept the stages to score the win, but his truck failed post-race inspection and his victory was forfeited.",
"Dale Jarrett was the first driver to have a win revoked since 1995 when he was disqualified from a Busch Series race.",
"The penalty was upheld after a hearing with Bryan Moss.",
"He redeemed himself the following week in Gateway's CarShield 200, leading 21 laps and scoring the victory after taking only fuel and no tires on his final pit stop.",
"The Circle K Firecracker 250 was won by Chastain.",
"There are 16 cars for Kaulig Racing.",
"Chastain's teammates are A.J. and Justin Haley.",
"Allmendinger failed the post-race inspection and was disqualified.",
"He dedicated his win in the Truck Series to the crew chief who had died the previous week.",
"In the Watkins Glen International race, Allgaier spun off the track in the bus stop portion of the circuit, thinking the move was intentional, and was wrecked by Chastain in the same section of the track later in the race, relegating him to a 34.",
"Allgaier cited instances of Daytona earlier in the year and Las Vegas in the same year as further examples of dirty racing by Chastain.",
"CarShield announced full sponsorship of his playoff efforts after he secured a spot in the Truck Series playoffs.",
"When he finished second to Christopher Bell at Texas Motor Speedway in November, he earned his second top-five of the year.",
"On October 15, 2019, it was announced that Chastain would be driving for Kaulig Racing full-time in the 2020 NASCAR Xfinity Series.",
"At the Daytona 500 and Coca-Cola 600, he returned to the Cup Series.",
"There is a partnership between the two companies.",
"He moved over to the organization's No. 1 car in the Truck Series in a part-time capacity.",
"44 entry and sharing the ride with two other people.",
"mechanical issues plagued his car and he failed to qualify for the season opener.",
"RSS driver Jeff Green agreed to give up his No.",
"The car was going to the race.",
"In the Daytona 500, a wreck with Ryan Preece took him out of the race.",
"On February 19th, Roush Fenway Racing announced that Chastain would replace Ryan Newman in the team's No.",
"The Pennzoil 400 is in Las Vegas.",
"The car was driven by Chastain.",
"The season was put on hold due to the COVID-19 Pandemic.",
"Newman went back to the No.",
"When the season resumed, Chastain returned to work part-time.",
"On September 21, it was announced that Matt Kenseth would be replaced by Chastain.",
"There are 42 Chevrolets in 2021.",
"He finished a career-high 7th in the series with 27 top tens and 15 top-fives.",
"His best Cup finish up to that point was a seventh-place finish in the Daytona 500.",
"During the race's rain delay, he became the subject of a viral video from CGR in which he ordered food at a Mcdonald's drive-through for the team.",
"The Truck race was held in Atlanta in March.",
"He was back with the team in May.",
"On June 30, 2021, the co-founder of Trackhouse Racing Team announced that he had purchased the entire NASCAR operations of Chip Ganassi Racing.",
"On August 3, 2021, it was announced that Chastain would drive.",
"1 Chevrolet ZL1 for Trackhouse Racing's upcoming second Cup team.",
"In a multi-year deal, 99 of Daniel Surez.",
"A native of Florida, Chastain was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217",
"He is a graduate of a high school.",
"He attended Florida Gulf Coast University while racing in the Truck Series.",
"Ross is the first generation of his family to race competitively, and his father did race a bit as a hobby.",
"Ross started racing at age twelve after watching his father race.",
"Ross is the brother of Chad.",
"The pole position is awarded by the time it takes to get there.",
"Pole position is earned by points or practice time.",
"Most laps were led.",
"The Cup Series Daytona 500, the Xfinity Series, the Camping World Truck Series, and the K&N Pro Series East are still in progress.",
"Farmers from Florida and living people from Lee County, Florida have links to NASCAR drivers."
] | <mask><mask> (born December 4, 1992) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He competes full-time in the NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 1 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 for Trackhouse Racing Team. He is nicknamed The Watermelon Man, or simply Melon Man due to his family's history as watermelon farmers, which he also participates in; whenever he celebrates race wins, he smashes a watermelon to the ground in Victory Lane. Early career
Chastain started racing at the age of twelve, his interest piqued by his father's hobby racing and other kids his age racing. His home track was Punta Gorda Speedway in Punta Gorda, Florida, at the age of twelve, competing in both late model and Fastruck Series events. Even those races, at tracks like Citrus County Speedway, Auburndale Speedway and DeSoto Speedway, were run on a tight budget, a theme that would carry on to much of Chastain's career in the higher ranks of NASCAR.His short track career saw Chastain scoring over fifty wins in feature events, including the Limited Late Model portion of the 2011 World Series Of Asphalt Stock Car Racing at New Smyrna Speedway, winning three of eight events in the series. NASCAR
After making the move to Charlotte in mid-2011, Chastain took over the No. 66 Turn One Racing entry in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series after Justin Marks vacated the seat. His first Truck race, at Lucas Oil Raceway at Indianapolis, was his first race with live pit stops. He finished 10th in that event. Connections in the watermelon farming industry got Chastain four more races, which were marred by incidents at Bristol Motor Speedway and Kentucky Speedway. At Homestead-Miami Speedway, rain prevented the Turn One team from making the race, so the team bought an RSS Racing start and park entry and ran the full race, finishing two laps down.It was later announced that Chastain would compete for Rookie of the Year honors with SS-Green Light Racing in 2012. Driving the No. 08 truck sponsored by the National Watermelon Association and National Watermelon Promotion Board, he scored a career-best finish of seventh in the second race of the season at Martinsville Speedway. He bested his 7th-place finish with a 3rd-place finish at Bristol in August. In January 2013, it was announced that Chastain would drive in 15 Camping World Truck Series races in 2013 for Brad Keselowski Racing. At Iowa Speedway in September, Chastain won his first career Truck Series pole for the Fan Appreciation 200; he led the most laps in the race, finishing second to James Buescher as the race underwent a green-white-checkered finish. Chastain also came close to the win at the penultimate race at Phoenix, finishing second to Erik Jones after leading over 60 laps.Years later, Chastain said that he initially made the move to BKR as an attempt to get in a Team Penske ride, but that BKR and Penske did not view the situation that way. 2014–2016
Leaving BKR after the 2013 season, Chastain moved to RBR Enterprises for a part-time schedule in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series for 2014. Comments before and after the Martinsville race, as well as racing actions during the race, led the team to fire Chastain from the ride. In May, he announced he would make his debut in the Nationwide Series (now Xfinity Series) at Charlotte Motor Speedway, driving the No. 55 for Viva Motorsports. Chastain later drove for Hattori Racing Enterprises at Michigan International Speedway, replacing Johnny Sauter. If that opportunity did not arise, Chastain was set to replace another driver that weekend, John Wes Townley in the No.5 Wauters Motorsports truck at Gateway Motorsports Park. In the race with HRE, Chastain finished twelfth, which was to that point the team's best finish in NASCAR competition. The finish eventually turned into more sporadic appearances with HRE throughout the rest of the season. <mask> also joined the team for a part-time NASCAR K&N Pro Series East effort that year. He then joined JD Motorsports in 2015, replacing Jeffrey Earnhardt. The opportunity emerged after Chastain raced with TriStar Motorsports at the end of the 2014 season. His car was comparable to the performances of the JDM cars, which led to a deal in the offseason.Chastain logged four top-tens on the year, ninth in the season-opening PowerShares QQQ 300, tenth at the other Daytona race, tenth at Iowa, and tenth at Darlington, and got into an altercation with Ryan Reed after a race at Richmond International Raceway. Reed claimed Chastain made too much contact on late restarts and vowed payback, while Chastain simply brushed the incident off as a difference of opinions in short-track racing. 2017
Chastain's 2017 Xfinity season was the best of his career, scoring a top-five at Iowa and two top tens as well as finishing 13th in points, the highest of the non-playoff drivers. He achieved this after a tight points battle with J.J. Yeley for the spot in the last four races of the season. In the second half of the season, Chastain rarely finished outside the top twenty and mainly finished in the mid-teens. The season was marred by two fights with fellow Xfinity drivers, one with Jeremy Clements at Bristol after Clements confronted him and one with Brendan Gaughan at Texas after heated on-track competition. <mask>, Gaughan, and crew members from both teams brawled behind Victory Lane after the night race.A crew member from JD Motorsports teammate Garrett Smithley was taken to the hospital with a head injury after the fight. <mask> blamed the confrontation on Gaughan, saying the Richard Childress Racing driver attacked him, but also acknowledged that he races hard and does not play favorites. Gaughan initially avoided discussing the incident with reporters but later boasted about the incident on SiriusXM NASCAR Radio and said that he received several text messages from fellow drivers who were happy about the incident. He did admit that he could've handled the situation later but didn't care about it. That opinion was likely influenced by the fact that 2017 was Gaughan's final Xfinity season, as any retaliation would have to happen within the next two races. In 2017, <mask> joined Premium Motorsports' No. 15 car for his Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series debut in the AAA 400 Drive for Autism at Dover, an opportunity he initially resisted after being informed of the opportunity by Xfinity team owner Johnny Davis.he finished 20th. Chastain heard from various sources that his driving style made multiple drivers mad on-track, but Chastain says it doesn't bother him. He also drove the No. 15 at the fall Dover race, finishing 38th. Chastain was originally on the entry list to drive the No. 7 car, the second car for Premium Motorsports, at the Cup series season finale at Homestead, but the team withdrew. 2018
In late September 2017, Chastain announced that he would return to JD Motorsports for a fourth year, running the entire 2018 NASCAR Xfinity Series season, as well as hinting at another part-time Cup schedule with Premium Motorsports.He started off the Xfinity season with a top-ten at Daytona International Speedway, and ran his first Cup race of 2018 the week after at Atlanta Motor Speedway. By the Easter off weekend, Chastain had expanded his Cup schedule, which had included every race since Atlanta, to all of the race weekends where the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series and NASCAR Xfinity Series run at the same track. Chastain also returned to the truck series at Iowa on an off week for the Cup Series and a companion race with the Xfinity Series, driving the No. 50 truck for Beaver Motorsports. He continued to run most of the Cup schedule, running the entirety of the summer schedule save for the Sonoma Raceway event, where Justin Marks drove. Chastain tied his career-best finish Xfinity Series finish at Iowa Speedway, avoiding last-lap chaos to bring home another fourth-place finish. At the Xfinity Series race at Mid-Ohio, Chastain and Joey Gase made contact multiple times on the final lap, eventually leading Gase to spin off track.On pit road after the race, Gase swerved his car toward Chastain with spectators and crew members in the vicinity. The two later had a shouting match and Gase was tackled by one of Chastain's crew members. After a trip to the NASCAR hauler, Gase called Chastain a "golden boy" and threatened to derail Chastain's playoff hopes. Chastain hopped in the Premium Motorsports No. 15 truck for the World of Westgate 200 and finished seventh, Premium's best-ever finish across all three NASCAR national series. On the strength of a summer performance that saw him hold down the final Xfinity Series playoff spot, <mask> and Chip Ganassi Racing announced a three-race agreement for Chastain to pilot the organization's No. 42 entry for races at Darlington Raceway, Las Vegas Motor Speedway and Richmond Raceway.The races came at the expense of John Hunter Nemechek, who could not sell sponsorship for the races. DC Solar was announced as a backer for Chastain's effort. Chastain had previously met the CEO of DC Solar at Auto Club Speedway in 2018, and plans materialized from there. For the first race of the trio, Chastain held top-ten spots in both practices, finishing second in first practice. He later claimed the pole over Christopher Bell, and during the race won the first two stages. During the third stage, Chastain was battling for the race lead with Kevin Harvick with thirty-five laps to go. Through turns one and two of the traditionally one-groove Darlington track, the lapped car of Chad Finchum took the top-groove racing lane, leaving Harvick and Chastain jostling for positions in the bottom lanes.After clearing Finchum, Harvick slid up into <mask> who then slid up into the wall. On the backstretch, Chastain hooked Harvick's machine into the outside wall, ending Harvick's day. Harvick later parked in Chastain's pit stall before giving a heated post-race interview calling Chastain "inexperienced" and saying that Chastain will "never get to drive many of them [events in top-tier cars] again. Chip Ganassi then responded on Twitter, defending Chastain's performance and stating that he "helped himself to many future opportunities"." Chastain, for his part, finished 25th after repairs and called running up front "cool" and also saying "I don't care what Harvick says." After running a race with JD Motorsports at Indianapolis, Chastain returned to CGR for the DC Solar 300 at Las Vegas Motor Speedway. He once again performed well throughout the weekend, securing the second-fastest time in final practice and the fifth starting spot for the race.Once again the class of the field, Chastain led all but twenty of the 200 laps in the race and prevailed over Justin Allgaier for the victory, his first in over 200 starts in NASCAR. True to his roots, Chastain smashed a watermelon on the track as a final victory celebration. In a post-race media conference, he admitted to getting emotional in the closing laps of the race due to the gravity of the win. With the win, a playoff berth was wrapped up, the first of his career. Chastain also revealed that he was not being paid to drive the car, something that he claimed was reason for ridicule within the sport. Chastain fell out of the playoffs after the opening round after Matt Tifft made a late-race rally at Dover, claiming the final spot by three points. Towards the latter part of the 2018 season, Chastain joined Niece Motorsports for some NASCAR Camping World Truck Series races.Although some were surprised at how well Chastain ran in those races, Chastain instead said that the organization was better than the community gave it credit for. 2019
On October 6, 2018, it was reported that Chastain had agreed to drive the 2019 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series season with Premium Motorsports, and a deal with Chip Ganassi Racing for more Xfinity races was likely. On November 9, 2018, Chastain and CGR announced a full season in the No. 42 Xfinity Series car for 2019. DC Solar, instrumental in Chastain's introduction to the team, remained on as sponsor. However, after DC Solar was raided by the FBI on December 18, 2018, the team lost the sponsorship and shut down in January. In January 2019, Chastain joined Niece Motorsports to drive the No.45 Silverado part-time in the Truck Series, splitting the truck with Reid Wilson. On January 31, Chastain announced he would return to the No. 4 JD Motorsports ride for 30 races, replacing Blake Koch, who stepped away to focus on business ventures. For the other three races of the schedule – Daytona in February, Chicagoland in June, and Texas in November – <mask>e, Chastain began the season with a third-place finish in the 2019 NextEra Energy 250. At his first ever Daytona 500, Chastain scored his first career top-ten in the Cup Series despite starting 36th in the race.During the spring, Chastain broke the all-time NASCAR record for most consecutive races run across all three national series to start a season, surpassing the mark of 22 set by Kyle Busch set in 2008. On May 10, Chastain won his first career NASCAR Gander Outdoors Truck Series race in the 2019 Digital Ally 250 at Kansas Speedway. He nearly spun out with 20 laps to go but saved the truck, later inheriting the lead from Stewart Friesen after he ran out of fuel. In June, he announced his intention to switch to Truck Series points to compete for a championship in the series. In June's M&M's 200 at Iowa, Chastain led 141 of 200 laps and swept the stages to score the win, but his truck failed post-race inspection and his victory was forfeited to Brett Moffitt under NASCAR's newly-introduced disqualification policy. Chastain was the first driver to have a win revoked since Dale Jarrett was disqualified from a Busch Series race in 1995, relegated to last in the official standings. <mask>'s team appealed the penalty, though it was eventually upheld after a hearing with National Motorsports Appeals panelist Bryan Moss.He earned redemption the following week in Gateway's CarShield 200, however, leading 21 laps and scoring the victory after taking only fuel and no tires on his final pit stop. Chastain won the 2019 Circle K Firecracker 250 at Daytona driving the No. 16 Camaro for Kaulig Racing. Chastain's teammates Justin Haley and A.J. Allmendinger finished behind him, though Allmendinger was subsequently disqualified for failing post-race inspection. Chastain would later win at Pocono Raceway in the Truck Series in commanding fashion, dedicating his win to Kaulig crew chief Nick Harrison, who had died the previous week. In Xfinity Series competition at Watkins Glen International, Chastain sent Justin Allgaier spinning off the track in the bus stop portion of the circuit; Allgaier, thinking the move was intentional, wrecked Chastain in the same section of the track later in the race, relegating Chastain to a 34th-place finish.Chastain chalked his side of the incidents up to mistakes while Allgaier cited instances of Daytona earlier in 2018 and Las Vegas in 2018 as further dirty racing by Chastain. Once Chastain's berth in the Truck Series playoffs was secure, CarShield announced full sponsorship of his playoff efforts. Chastain would earn his second top-five of 2019 when he finished second to Christopher Bell at Texas Motor Speedway in November, leading 29 laps. 2020
On October 15, 2019, it was announced that Chastain would be driving for Kaulig Racing full-time in the 2020 NASCAR Xfinity Series. Chastain also returned to the Cup Series at the Daytona 500 and Coca-Cola 600, driving the No. 77 in a partnership between Chip Ganassi Racing and Spire Motorsports. He also retained his ride with Niece Motorsports in the Truck Series in a part-time capacity, moving over to the organization's No.44 entry and sharing the ride with Carson Hocevar and Natalie Decker. Chastain failed to qualify for the Xfinity season opener at Daytona after mechanical issues plagued his car. However, Kaulig and RSS Racing forged an agreement that RSS driver Jeff Green surrender his No. 38 car to Chastain for the race. In the Daytona 500, Chastain was involved in a late wreck with Ryan Preece that took him out of the race. On February 19, Roush Fenway Racing announced Chastain would replace an injured Ryan Newman in the team's No. 6 Ford starting with the Pennzoil 400 at Las Vegas.<mask> drove the No. 6 for three races before the season was put on hold due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Newman returned to the No. 6 when the season resumed while <mask> returned to Spire Motorsports part-time. On September 21, Chip Ganassi Racing announced that <mask> would replace Matt Kenseth in the No. 42 Chevrolet in 2021. He finished a career-high 7th in the Xfinity standings with 27 top tens (the most out of every driver that season) and 15 top-fives (including five runner-ups).2021
Chastain's Cup tenure with Ganassi began with a seventh-place finish in the 2021 Daytona 500, his best Cup finish up to that point. During the race's rain delay, he became the subject of a viral video from CGR in which he ordered food at a McDonald's (a team sponsor) drive-through for the team. In March, Chastain rejoined Niece for the Truck race at Atlanta. In May, he reunited with SS-Green Light Racing to drive their No. 07 car in the Xfinity Series race at Circuit of the Americas, replacing its normal driver, Joe Graf Jr.
On June 30, 2021, Justin Marks, co-founder of Trackhouse Racing Team announced that he had purchased Chip Ganassi Racing's entire NASCAR operations after the 2021 season, leaving Chastain as a free agent. On August 3, 2021, it was revealed that Chastain would drive the No. 1 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 for Trackhouse Racing's upcoming second Cup team, alongside the No.99 of Daniel Suárez, in a multi-year deal beginning in 2022. Personal life
A native of Alva, Florida, Chastain was a watermelon farmer on his family's farm until he turned thirteen. He is a graduate of Riverdale High School in Fort Myers. Chastain attended Florida Gulf Coast University for a semester before he began racing in the Truck Series. While Chastain's father did race a bit as a hobby, <mask> is the first generation of his family to race competitively. <mask> started racing at age twelve after seeing his father hobby race and seeing other kids his age race. <mask> is the older brother of <mask>.Motorsports career results
NASCAR
(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.) Cup Series
Daytona 500
Xfinity Series
Camping World Truck Series
K&N Pro Series East
Season still in progress
Ineligible for series points
Chastain began the 2019 season racing for Xfinity Series points but switched to Truck Series points before the SpeedyCash.com 400 at Texas. References
External links
NASCAR drivers
Racing drivers from Florida
Farmers from Florida
People from Lee County, Florida
1992 births
Living people
RFK Racing drivers
Chip Ganassi Racing drivers | [
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In mid-2011, after the move to Charlotte, <mask> took over the No. 66 Turn One Racing has a seat in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series. His first Truck race was at Lucas Oil Raceway at Indianapolis. He finished 10th in that event. The watermelon farming industry got four more races which were marred by incidents. When rain stopped the Turn One team from making the race, they bought an RSS Racing start and park entry and ran the full race, finishing two laps down.In 2012 it was announced that Chastain would compete for the title of rookies of the year. The driver is driving the No. He scored a career-best seventh place finish in the second race of the season, which was sponsored by the National Watermelon Association and National Watermelon Promotion Board. He had a 3rd-place finish at Bristol in August. In January of this year, it was announced that Chastain would drive in 15 Camping World Truck Series races for Brad Keselowski Racing. In September, he won the pole for the Fan Appreciation 200 at Iowa and led the majority of the race before finishing second to James Buescher in a green-white-checkered finish. At the last race at Phoenix, Chastain was second to Jones after leading over 60 laps.The move to BKR was initially made to get in a Team Penske ride, but BKR and Penske didn't see it that way. After leaving BKR for a part-time schedule in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series, he moved to RBR Enterprises. Comments before and after the race, as well as racing actions during the race, led the team to fire Chastain from the ride. He announced in May that he would make his debut in the Nationwide Series at Charlotte Motor Speedway. 55 for Viva Motorsports. Johnny Sauter was replaced by <mask> at Michigan International Speedway. If that opportunity didn't come, John Wes Townley was going to be replaced by Chastain.The truck is at the park. The team's best finish in NASCAR competition was twelfth place in the race with HRE. Throughout the rest of the season, the finish turned into more sporadic appearances with HRE. The team had a part-time effort in the NASCAR K&N Pro Series East. Jeffrey Earnhardt was replaced by him in 2015. The opportunity came about after Chastain raced for TriStar at the end of the season. His car was close to the JDM cars, which led to a deal in the off-season.There were four top-tens on the year, including ninth in the PowerShares QQQ 300, tenth at the other Daytona race, tenth at Iowa, and tenth at Darlington, where he got into an altercation with Ryan Reed. Reed claimed that Chastain made too much contact on late restarts and vowed to payback, while Chastain simply brushed the incident off as a difference of opinions in short-track racing. The best season of his career was in 2017: he scored a top-five at Iowa and two top tens as well as finishing 13th in points, the highest of the non-playoff drivers. In the last four races of the season, he battled J.J. Yeley for the spot. In the second half of the season, Chastain mostly finished in the mid-teens. The season was marred by two fights with fellow drivers, one with Jeremy Clements at Bristol after he confronted him and the other with Brendan Gaughan at Texas after a heated on-track competition. Crew members from both teams got into a fight after the race.A crew member from the team was taken to the hospital with a head injury after the fight. He blamed the confrontation on Gaughan, but also acknowledged that he races hard and does not play favorites. Gaughan initially avoided discussing the incident with reporters but later boasted about the incident on SiriusXM NASCAR Radio and said that he received several text messages from fellow drivers who were happy about the incident. He admitted that he could've handled the situation later, but he didn't care about it. It's possible that the opinion was influenced by the fact that Gaughan's final season was in the Xfinity series and any retaliation would have to happen within the next two races. Premium Motorsports' No. 1 was joined by <mask>. He initially resisted the opportunity to drive the 15 car for his Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series debut in the 400 Drive for Autism at Dover after being informed of the opportunity by Johnny Davis, the team owner.He finished 20th. According to various sources, <mask>'s driving style made other drivers mad, but he says it doesn't bother him. The No. was also driven by him. At the fall race, 15 finished 38th. The entry list had Chastain on it. The second car for Premium Motorsports was withdrawn from the finale of the Cup series. In September of last year, he announced that he would return to the team for a fourth year, running the entire NASCAR Xfinity Series season, as well as another part-time Cup schedule with Premium Motorsports.He ran his first Cup race of the year the week after he ran a top-ten at Daytona. The Cup schedule was expanded by the Easter off weekend to include all of the race weekends where the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series and NASCAR Xfinity Series run at the same track. On an off week for the Cup Series and a companion race with the Xfinity Series, <mask> returned to the truck series at Iowa. 50 truck for a company. He ran the entire summer schedule save for the Sonoma Raceway event, where Marks drove. A fourth-place finish was <mask>'s career-best finish in the Xfinity Series. At the Mid-Ohio race, Joey Gase spun off the track after contact with <mask> on the final lap.On the pit road after the race, Gase swerved his car toward Chastain with spectators and crew members in the vicinity. The two had a shouting match and one of the crew members tackled Gase. Gase threatened to derail Chastain's playoff hopes after calling him a "golden boy". The Premium Motorsports No. was hopped in by Chastain. Premium's best-ever finish across all three NASCAR national series was achieved with the 15 truck for the World of Westgate 200. On the strength of a summer performance that saw him hold down the final Xfinity Series playoff spot, <mask> and Chip Ganassi Racing announced a three-race agreement for him to pilot the organization's No. There are races at Las Vegas Motor Speedway.John Hunter was unable to sell sponsorship for the races. DC Solar was a backer. After meeting the CEO of DC Solar at Auto Club Speedway, plans came to fruition. The first race of the trio was won by <mask>, who finished second in the first practice. He won the first two stages of the race. Kevin Harvick was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Through turns one and two of the traditionally one-groove Darlington track, the lapped car of Chad Finchum took the top-groove racing lane, leaving Harvick and Chastain for positions in the bottom lanes.Harvick slid up into <mask> who slid up into the wall. Harvick's machine was hooked into the outside wall on the back stretch. Harvick later parked in Chastain's pit stall before giving a heated post-race interview calling him "inexperienced" and saying that he wouldn't get to drive many of them again. Chip said that he helped himself to many future opportunities and defended Chastain's performance. After repairs, he finished 25th and said "I don't care what Harvick says." After running a race at Indianapolis, <mask> returned to CGR for the DC Solar 300 at Las Vegas Motor Speedway. He secured the second-fastest time in final practice and the fifth starting spot for the race, as he did throughout the weekend.After leading all but twenty of the 200 laps in the race, he defeated Allgaier for the victory, his first in over 200 starts in NASCAR. As a final victory celebration, he smashed a watermelon on the track. He admitted to getting emotional in the closing laps of the race due to the gravity of the win. The first of his career was accomplished with the win. The reason for ridicule within the sport was due to the fact that he was not being paid to drive the car. The final spot in the playoffs was claimed by Matt Tifft after he made a late-race rally. The last part of the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series season was when Chastain joined the team.Chastain said that the organization was better than the community gave it credit for. On October 6, 2018, it was reported that Chastain had agreed to drive the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series season with Premium Motorsports, and a deal with Chip Ganassi Racing for more Xfinity races was likely. There will be a full season in the No. The car for 2019. DC Solar was the main sponsor of the team. After DC Solar was raided by the FBI, the team lost their sponsorship and shut down. The No. 1 car was driven by <mask> in January 2019.Part-time in the Truck Series, splitting the truck with another person. On January 31, he said he would return to the No. Replacing Blake Koch, who stepped away to focus on business ventures, were 4JD Motorsports. The other three races of the schedule are Daytona in February, Chicagoland in June, and Texas in November. There are 10 entries. He finished third in the NextEra Energy 250 in his first race with Niece. He scored his first career top-ten in the Cup Series despite starting 36th in the Daytona 500.The all-time NASCAR record for most consecutive races run across all three national series to start a season was set in 2008 by Kyle Busch. On May 10, he won his first career NASCAR Gander Outdoors Truck Series race. He saved the truck with 20 laps to go but ran out of fuel and lost the lead to Stewart Friesen. He said in June that he would switch to Truck Series points in order to win a title. In June's M&M's 200 at Iowa, Chastain led 141 of 200 laps and swept the stages to score the win, but his truck failed post-race inspection and his victory was forfeited. Dale Jarrett was the first driver to have a win revoked since 1995 when he was disqualified from a Busch Series race. The penalty was upheld after a hearing with Bryan Moss.He redeemed himself the following week in Gateway's CarShield 200, leading 21 laps and scoring the victory after taking only fuel and no tires on his final pit stop. The Circle K Firecracker 250 was won by <mask>. There are 16 cars for Kaulig Racing. <mask>'s teammates are A.J. and Justin Haley. Allmendinger failed the post-race inspection and was disqualified. He dedicated his win in the Truck Series to the crew chief who had died the previous week. In the Watkins Glen International race, Allgaier spun off the track in the bus stop portion of the circuit, thinking the move was intentional, and was wrecked by Chastain in the same section of the track later in the race, relegating him to a 34.Allgaier cited instances of Daytona earlier in the year and Las Vegas in the same year as further examples of dirty racing by Chastain. CarShield announced full sponsorship of his playoff efforts after he secured a spot in the Truck Series playoffs. When he finished second to Christopher Bell at Texas Motor Speedway in November, he earned his second top-five of the year. On October 15, 2019, it was announced that Chastain would be driving for Kaulig Racing full-time in the 2020 NASCAR Xfinity Series. At the Daytona 500 and Coca-Cola 600, he returned to the Cup Series. There is a partnership between the two companies. He moved over to the organization's No. 1 car in the Truck Series in a part-time capacity.44 entry and sharing the ride with two other people. mechanical issues plagued his car and he failed to qualify for the season opener. RSS driver Jeff Green agreed to give up his No. The car was going to the race. In the Daytona 500, a wreck with Ryan Preece took him out of the race. On February 19th, Roush Fenway Racing announced that <mask> would replace Ryan Newman in the team's No. The Pennzoil 400 is in Las Vegas.The car was driven by <mask>. The season was put on hold due to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Newman went back to the No. When the season resumed, <mask> returned to work part-time. On September 21, it was announced that Matt Kenseth would be replaced by <mask>. There are 42 Chevrolets in 2021. He finished a career-high 7th in the series with 27 top tens and 15 top-fives.His best Cup finish up to that point was a seventh-place finish in the Daytona 500. During the race's rain delay, he became the subject of a viral video from CGR in which he ordered food at a Mcdonald's drive-through for the team. The Truck race was held in Atlanta in March. He was back with the team in May. On June 30, 2021, the co-founder of Trackhouse Racing Team announced that he had purchased the entire NASCAR operations of Chip Ganassi Racing. On August 3, 2021, it was announced that Chastain would drive. 1 Chevrolet ZL1 for Trackhouse Racing's upcoming second Cup team.In a multi-year deal, 99 of Daniel Surez. A native of Florida, Chastain was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He is a graduate of a high school. He attended Florida Gulf Coast University while racing in the Truck Series. <mask> is the first generation of his family to race competitively, and his father did race a bit as a hobby. <mask> started racing at age twelve after watching his father race. <mask> is the brother of Chad.The pole position is awarded by the time it takes to get there. Pole position is earned by points or practice time. Most laps were led. The Cup Series Daytona 500, the Xfinity Series, the Camping World Truck Series, and the K&N Pro Series East are still in progress. Farmers from Florida and living people from Lee County, Florida have links to NASCAR drivers. | [
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2547331 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre%20Janet | Pierre Janet | Pierre Marie Félix Janet (; 30 May 1859 – 24 February 1947) was a pioneering French psychologist, physician, philosopher, and psychotherapist in the field of dissociation and traumatic memory.
He is ranked alongside William James and Wilhelm Wundt as one of the founding fathers of psychology.
Biography
Janet studied under Jean-Martin Charcot at the Psychological Laboratory in the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris. He first published the results of his research in his philosophy thesis in 1889 and in his medical thesis, L'état mental des hystériques, in 1892. He earned a degree in medicine the following year in 1893.
In 1898, Janet was appointed lecturer in psychology at the Sorbonne, and in 1902 he attained the chair of experimental and comparative psychology at the Collège de France, a position he held until 1936. He was a member of the Institut de France from 1913, and was a central figure in French psychology in the first half of the 20th century.
Theories
Janet was one of the first people to allege a connection between events in a subject's past life and their present-day trauma, and coined the words "dissociation" and "subconscious". His study of the "magnetic passion" or "rapport" between the patient and the hypnotist anticipated later accounts of the transference phenomenon.
The 20th century saw Janet developing a grand model of the mind in terms of levels of energy, efficiency and social competence, which he set out in publications including Obsessions and Psychasthenia (1903) and From Anguish to Ecstasy (1926), among others. In its concern for the construction of the personality in social terms, this model has been compared to the social behaviorism of George Herbert Mead something which explains Lacan's early praise of "Janet, who demonstrated so admirably the signification of feelings of persecution as phenomenological moments in social behaviour".
Developmental hierarchy
Janet established a developmental model of the mind in terms of a hierarchy of nine "tendencies" of increasingly complex organisational levels.
He detailed four "lower tendencies", rising from the "reflexive" to the "elementary intellectual"; two "middle tendencies", involving language and the social world; and three "higher tendencies", the "rational-ergotic" world of work, and the "experimental and progressive tendencies".
According to Janet, neurosis could be seen as a failure to integrate, or a regression to earlier tendencies, and he defined subconsciousness as "an act which has kept an inferior form amidst acts of a higher level".
Influence on depth psychology
William James
In his 1890 essay The Hidden Self, William James wrote of P. Janet's observations of "hysterical somnambulist" patients at Havre Hospital, detailed in Janet's 1889 doctorate of letters thesis, De l'Automatisme Psychologique. James made note of various aspects of automatism and the apparent multiple personalities ("two selves") of patients variously exhibiting "trances, subconscious states" or alcoholic delirium tremens. James was apparently fascinated by these manifestations and said, "How far the splitting of the mind into separate conciousnesses may obtain in each one of us is a problem. P. Janet holds that it is only possible where there is an abnormal weakness, and consequently a defect of unifying or coordinating power."
Freud
Controversy over whose ideas came first, Janet's or Sigmund Freud's, emerged at the 1913 Congress of Medicine in London. Prior to that date, Freud had freely acknowledged his debt to Janet, particularly in his work with Josef Breuer, writing for example of "the theory of hysterical phenomena first put forward by P. Janet and elaborated by Breuer and myself". He stated further that "we followed his example when we took the splitting of the mind and dissociation of the personality as the centre of our position", but he was also careful to point out where "the difference lies between our view and Janet's".
Writing in 1911 of the neurotic's withdrawal from reality, Freud stated: "Nor could a fact like this escape the observation of Pierre Janet; he spoke of a loss of 'the function of reality'", and as late as 1930, Freud drew on Janet's expression "psychological poverty" in his work on civilisation.
However, in his report on psychoanalysis in 1913, Janet argued that many of the novel terms of psychoanalysis were only old concepts renamed, even down to the way in which his own "psychological analysis" preceded Freud's "psychoanalysis". This provoked angry attacks from Freud's followers, and thereafter Freud's own attitude towards Janet cooled. In his lectures of 1915-16, Freud said that "for a long time I was prepared to give Janet very great credit for throwing light on neurotic symptoms, because he regarded them as expressions of idées inconscientes which dominated the patients". However, after what Freud saw as his backpedalling in 1913, he said, "I think he has unnecessarily forfeited much credit".
The charge of plagiarism stung Freud especially. In his autobiographical sketch of 1925, he denied firmly that he had plagiarized Janet, and as late as 1937, he refused to meet Janet on the grounds that "when the libel was spread by French writers that I had listened to his lectures and stolen his ideas he could with a word have put an end to such talk" but did not.
A balanced judgement might be that Janet's ideas, as published, did indeed form part of Freud's starting point, but that Freud subsequently developed them substantively in his own fashion.
Jung
Carl Jung studied with Janet in Paris in 1902 and was much influenced by him, for example equating what he called a complex with Janet's idée fixe subconsciente.
Jung's view of the mind as "consisting of an indefinite, because unknown, number of complexes or fragmentary personalities" built upon what Janet in Psychological Automatism called "simultaneous psychological existences".
Jung wrote of the debt owed to "Janet for a deeper and more exact knowledge of hysterical symptoms", and talked of "the achievements of Janet, Flournoy, Freud and others" in exploring the unconscious.
Adler
Alfred Adler openly derived his inferiority complex concept from Janet's Sentiment d'incomplétude, and the two men cited each other's work on the issue in their writings.
Publications
In 1923, Janet wrote a definitive text on suggestion, La médecine psychologique, and in 1928-32 published several definitive papers on memory.
While Janet did not publish much in English, the 15 lectures that he gave to the Harvard Medical School between 15 October and the end of November 1906 were published in 1907 as The Major Symptoms of Hysteria. He received an honorary doctorate from Harvard in 1936.
Of his great synthesis of human psychology, Henri Ellenberger wrote that "this requires about twenty books and several dozen of articles".
See also
References
Further reading
Brooks III, J. I. (1998). The eclectic legacy. Academic philosophy and the human sciences in nineteenth - century France. Newark: University of Delaware Press.
Carroy, J. & Plas, R. (2000) . How Pierre Janet used pathological psychology to save the philosophical self. Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 36, 231-240.
Foschi, R. (2003) 'La Psicologia Sperimentale e Patologica di Pierre Janet e la Nozione di Personalità (1885–1900)', Medicina & Storia, 5, 45-68.
Johnson, George M. Dynamic Psychology in Modernist British Fiction. Palgrave Macmillan, U.K., 2006.
LeBlanc, A. (2001). The Origins of the Concept of Dissociation: Paul Janet, his Nephew Pierre, and the Problem of Post-hypnotic Suggestion, History of Science, 39, 57-69.
LeBlanc, A. (2004). Thirteen Days: Joseph Delboeuf versus Pierre Janet on the Nature of Hypnotic Suggestion, Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 40, 123-147.
Lombardo G.P, Foschi R. (2003). The Concept of Personality between 19th Century France and 20th Century American Psychology. History of Psychology, vol. 6; 133-142, ,
Serina F. (2020) « Janet-Schwartz-Ellenberger: the history of a triangular relationship through their unpublished correspondence » History of Psychiatry, 31, 1, p. 3-20.
External links
About Pierre Janet
Short biography
Bibliographic site
Reading guide
"Autobiography" of his early years
Pierre Janet & the 'Reality Function'
JANETIAN STUDIES electronic journal of the Institut Pierre Janet
Works of Pierre Janet
Psychological Automatism: Essay of Experimental Psychology on the Lower Forms of Human Activity Doctorate of Science thesis of Pierre Janet.
La Médecine Psychologique Important book by Pierre Janet. It clarifies what he thought about Suggestion. (PDF download)
Books by Pierre Janet on line
1859 births
1947 deaths
French hypnotists
Collège de France faculty
University of Paris faculty
French psychologists
Harvard Medical School people
École Normale Supérieure alumni
French psychiatrists
19th-century psychologists
20th-century psychologists
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences | [
"Pierre Marie Félix Janet (; 30 May 1859 – 24 February 1947) was a pioneering French psychologist, physician, philosopher, and psychotherapist in the field of dissociation and traumatic memory.",
"He is ranked alongside William James and Wilhelm Wundt as one of the founding fathers of psychology.",
"Biography\nJanet studied under Jean-Martin Charcot at the Psychological Laboratory in the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris.",
"He first published the results of his research in his philosophy thesis in 1889 and in his medical thesis, L'état mental des hystériques, in 1892.",
"He earned a degree in medicine the following year in 1893.",
"In 1898, Janet was appointed lecturer in psychology at the Sorbonne, and in 1902 he attained the chair of experimental and comparative psychology at the Collège de France, a position he held until 1936.",
"He was a member of the Institut de France from 1913, and was a central figure in French psychology in the first half of the 20th century.",
"Theories\nJanet was one of the first people to allege a connection between events in a subject's past life and their present-day trauma, and coined the words \"dissociation\" and \"subconscious\".",
"His study of the \"magnetic passion\" or \"rapport\" between the patient and the hypnotist anticipated later accounts of the transference phenomenon.",
"The 20th century saw Janet developing a grand model of the mind in terms of levels of energy, efficiency and social competence, which he set out in publications including Obsessions and Psychasthenia (1903) and From Anguish to Ecstasy (1926), among others.",
"In its concern for the construction of the personality in social terms, this model has been compared to the social behaviorism of George Herbert Mead something which explains Lacan's early praise of \"Janet, who demonstrated so admirably the signification of feelings of persecution as phenomenological moments in social behaviour\".",
"Developmental hierarchy\nJanet established a developmental model of the mind in terms of a hierarchy of nine \"tendencies\" of increasingly complex organisational levels.",
"He detailed four \"lower tendencies\", rising from the \"reflexive\" to the \"elementary intellectual\"; two \"middle tendencies\", involving language and the social world; and three \"higher tendencies\", the \"rational-ergotic\" world of work, and the \"experimental and progressive tendencies\".",
"According to Janet, neurosis could be seen as a failure to integrate, or a regression to earlier tendencies, and he defined subconsciousness as \"an act which has kept an inferior form amidst acts of a higher level\".",
"Influence on depth psychology\n\nWilliam James\nIn his 1890 essay The Hidden Self, William James wrote of P. Janet's observations of \"hysterical somnambulist\" patients at Havre Hospital, detailed in Janet's 1889 doctorate of letters thesis, De l'Automatisme Psychologique.",
"James made note of various aspects of automatism and the apparent multiple personalities (\"two selves\") of patients variously exhibiting \"trances, subconscious states\" or alcoholic delirium tremens.",
"James was apparently fascinated by these manifestations and said, \"How far the splitting of the mind into separate conciousnesses may obtain in each one of us is a problem.",
"P. Janet holds that it is only possible where there is an abnormal weakness, and consequently a defect of unifying or coordinating power.\"",
"Freud\nControversy over whose ideas came first, Janet's or Sigmund Freud's, emerged at the 1913 Congress of Medicine in London.",
"Prior to that date, Freud had freely acknowledged his debt to Janet, particularly in his work with Josef Breuer, writing for example of \"the theory of hysterical phenomena first put forward by P. Janet and elaborated by Breuer and myself\".",
"He stated further that \"we followed his example when we took the splitting of the mind and dissociation of the personality as the centre of our position\", but he was also careful to point out where \"the difference lies between our view and Janet's\".",
"Writing in 1911 of the neurotic's withdrawal from reality, Freud stated: \"Nor could a fact like this escape the observation of Pierre Janet; he spoke of a loss of 'the function of reality'\", and as late as 1930, Freud drew on Janet's expression \"psychological poverty\" in his work on civilisation.",
"However, in his report on psychoanalysis in 1913, Janet argued that many of the novel terms of psychoanalysis were only old concepts renamed, even down to the way in which his own \"psychological analysis\" preceded Freud's \"psychoanalysis\".",
"This provoked angry attacks from Freud's followers, and thereafter Freud's own attitude towards Janet cooled.",
"In his lectures of 1915-16, Freud said that \"for a long time I was prepared to give Janet very great credit for throwing light on neurotic symptoms, because he regarded them as expressions of idées inconscientes which dominated the patients\".",
"However, after what Freud saw as his backpedalling in 1913, he said, \"I think he has unnecessarily forfeited much credit\".",
"The charge of plagiarism stung Freud especially.",
"In his autobiographical sketch of 1925, he denied firmly that he had plagiarized Janet, and as late as 1937, he refused to meet Janet on the grounds that \"when the libel was spread by French writers that I had listened to his lectures and stolen his ideas he could with a word have put an end to such talk\" but did not.",
"A balanced judgement might be that Janet's ideas, as published, did indeed form part of Freud's starting point, but that Freud subsequently developed them substantively in his own fashion.",
"Jung\nCarl Jung studied with Janet in Paris in 1902 and was much influenced by him, for example equating what he called a complex with Janet's idée fixe subconsciente.",
"Jung's view of the mind as \"consisting of an indefinite, because unknown, number of complexes or fragmentary personalities\" built upon what Janet in Psychological Automatism called \"simultaneous psychological existences\".",
"Jung wrote of the debt owed to \"Janet for a deeper and more exact knowledge of hysterical symptoms\", and talked of \"the achievements of Janet, Flournoy, Freud and others\" in exploring the unconscious.",
"Adler\nAlfred Adler openly derived his inferiority complex concept from Janet's Sentiment d'incomplétude, and the two men cited each other's work on the issue in their writings.",
"Publications\nIn 1923, Janet wrote a definitive text on suggestion, La médecine psychologique, and in 1928-32 published several definitive papers on memory.",
"While Janet did not publish much in English, the 15 lectures that he gave to the Harvard Medical School between 15 October and the end of November 1906 were published in 1907 as The Major Symptoms of Hysteria.",
"He received an honorary doctorate from Harvard in 1936.",
"Of his great synthesis of human psychology, Henri Ellenberger wrote that \"this requires about twenty books and several dozen of articles\".",
"See also\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading\n\n Brooks III, J. I.",
"(1998).",
"The eclectic legacy.",
"Academic philosophy and the human sciences in nineteenth - century France.",
"Newark: University of Delaware Press.",
"Carroy, J.",
"& Plas, R. (2000) .",
"How Pierre Janet used pathological psychology to save the philosophical self.",
"Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 36, 231-240.",
"Foschi, R. (2003) 'La Psicologia Sperimentale e Patologica di Pierre Janet e la Nozione di Personalità (1885–1900)', Medicina & Storia, 5, 45-68.",
"Johnson, George M. Dynamic Psychology in Modernist British Fiction.",
"Palgrave Macmillan, U.K., 2006.",
"LeBlanc, A.",
"(2001).",
"The Origins of the Concept of Dissociation: Paul Janet, his Nephew Pierre, and the Problem of Post-hypnotic Suggestion, History of Science, 39, 57-69.",
"LeBlanc, A.",
"(2004).",
"Thirteen Days: Joseph Delboeuf versus Pierre Janet on the Nature of Hypnotic Suggestion, Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 40, 123-147.",
"Lombardo G.P, Foschi R. (2003).",
"The Concept of Personality between 19th Century France and 20th Century American Psychology.",
"History of Psychology, vol.",
"6; 133-142, , \n Serina F. (2020) « Janet-Schwartz-Ellenberger: the history of a triangular relationship through their unpublished correspondence » History of Psychiatry, 31, 1, p. 3-20.",
"External links\n\nAbout Pierre Janet\nShort biography\nBibliographic site\nReading guide\n\"Autobiography\" of his early years\nPierre Janet & the 'Reality Function'\n JANETIAN STUDIES electronic journal of the Institut Pierre Janet\n\nWorks of Pierre Janet\n Psychological Automatism: Essay of Experimental Psychology on the Lower Forms of Human Activity Doctorate of Science thesis of Pierre Janet.",
"La Médecine Psychologique Important book by Pierre Janet.",
"It clarifies what he thought about Suggestion.",
"(PDF download) \n Books by Pierre Janet on line \n\n1859 births\n1947 deaths\nFrench hypnotists\nCollège de France faculty\nUniversity of Paris faculty\nFrench psychologists\nHarvard Medical School people\nÉcole Normale Supérieure alumni\nFrench psychiatrists\n19th-century psychologists\n20th-century psychologists\nForeign associates of the National Academy of Sciences"
] | [
"Pierre Marie Félix Janet was a pioneer in the field of dissociation and traumatic memory.",
"He is one of the founding fathers of psychology.",
"Janet studied at the Psychological Laboratory in the Pitié-Salptrire Hospital in Paris.",
"He first published the results of his research in his medical thesis in 1892.",
"He received a degree in medicine in 1893.",
"He held the chair of experimental and comparative psychology at the Collge de France until 1936, after he was appointed lecturer in psychology at the Sorbonne.",
"He was a central figure in French psychology in the first half of the 20th century.",
"Janet was one of the first people to suggest a connection between a subject's past life and their present-day trauma.",
"The study of the \"magnetic passion\" or \"rapport\" between the patient and hypnotist anticipated later accounts of the transference phenomenon.",
"The 20th century saw Janet develop a grand model of the mind in terms of levels of energy, efficiency and social competence, which he set out in publications including Obsessions and Psychasthenia.",
"Lacan's praise of Janet, who demonstrated so admirably the signification of feelings of persecution as phenomenological moments in social behavior, was due to the model's concern for the construction of the personality in social terms.",
"Janet created a model of the mind based on a hierarchy of nine \"tendencies\" of increasingly complex levels.",
"He described four \"lower tendencies\", rising from the \"reflexive\" to the \"elementary intellectual\"; two \"middle tendencies\", involving language and the social world; and three \"higher tendencies\", the \"rational-ergotic\" world of work.",
"According to Janet, a failure to integrate, or a regression to earlier tendencies, could be seen as a failure to keep an inferior form amidst acts of a higher level.",
"In his 1890 essay The Hidden Self, William James wrote about P. Janet's observations of \"hysterical somnambulist\" patients.",
"James noted various aspects of automatism and the apparent multiple personality of patients, which included \"trances, subconscious states\" or alcoholic delirium tremens.",
"\"How far the splitting of the mind into separate conciousnesses may get in each one of us is a problem,\" James was quoted as saying.",
"P. Janet believes that it is only possible if there is a defect of unifying or coordinating power.",
"At the 1913 Congress of Medicine in London, there was controversy over who came first, Janet's or Sigmund Freud's.",
"Freud wrote about his debt to Janet in his work with Breuer, for example, \"the theory of hysterical phenomena first put forward by P. Janet and elaborated by Breuer and myself\".",
"He stated that \"we followed his example when we took the splitting of the mind and dissociation of the personality as the centre of our position\", but he was also careful to point out where \"the difference lies between our view and Janet's\".",
"As late as 1930, Freud drew on Janet's expression \"psychological poverty\" when he wrote about the neurotic's withdrawal from reality.",
"Janet argued in his 1913 report that many of the novel terms of psychoanalysis were only old concepts and that his own \"psychological analysis\" preceded Freud's \"psychoanalysis\".",
"Freud's own attitude towards Janet cooled after this provoked angry attacks from his followers.",
"\"For a long time I was prepared to give Janet great credit for throwing light on neurotic symptoms, because he regarded them as expressions of idées inconscientes which dominated the patients\", said Freud in his lectures of 1915-16.",
"After what Freud saw as his backpedalling in 1913, he said, \"I think he has unnecessarily forfeited much credit\".",
"Freud was stung by the charge of plagiarism.",
"In his autobiographical sketch of 1925, he denied that he had plagiarized Janet, and as late as 1937, he refused to meet her because he had listened to his lectures and stolen his ideas.",
"It is possible that Janet's ideas form part of Freud's starting point, but that he developed them in his own way.",
"Jung Carl Jung studied with Janet in Paris and was influenced by her, for example equating what he called a complex with Janet's idée fixe subconsciente.",
"Janet called \"simultaneous psychological existences\" the \"simultaneous psychological existences built upon\" Jung's view of the mind.",
"The debt Jung wrote of to Janet was for a deeper and more exact knowledge of hysterical symptoms.",
"The two men cited each other's work on the issue in their writings, and Adler Alfred Adler openly derived his inferiority complex concept from Janet's Sentiment d'incomplétude.",
"In 1923, Janet wrote a definitive text on suggestion, La médecine psychologique.",
"The lectures that Janet gave to the Harvard Medical School in October and November of 1906 were published in 1907 as The Major Symptoms of Hysteria.",
"He received a degree from Harvard in 1936.",
"The synthesis of human psychology requires about twenty books and several dozen articles, according to Henri Ellenberger.",
"See also references for further reading.",
"The year 1998.",
"The legacy is eclectic.",
"The human sciences and academic philosophy were in France in the 19th century.",
"The University of Delaware Press is in Newark.",
"J. Carroy.",
"In 2000.",
"Pierre Janet used pathological psychology to save himself.",
"The History of the Behavioral Sciences was published in the Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences.",
"The Medicina & Storia published 'La Psicologia Sperimentale e Patologica di Pierre Janet e la Nozione di Personalit'.",
"George M. Johnson wrote Dynamic Psychology in British fiction.",
"The U.K.",
"A. LeBlanc.",
"The year 2001.",
"The Problem of Post-hypnotic Suggestion, History of Science, 39, 57-69, is the origin of the concept of dissociation.",
"A. LeBlanc.",
"They did it in 2004.",
"The Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences had a story about Joseph Delboeuf and Pierre Janet.",
"The book was written by Lombardo G.P and Foschi R.",
"The 19th century France and 20th century American psychology have the same concept of personality.",
"The history of psychology.",
"The history of a triangular relationship through their unpublished correspondence was written by Janet-Schwartz-Ellenberger.",
"The biography of Pierre Janet can be found on the Bibliographic site, as well as the electronic journal of theInstitut Pierre Janet Works of Pierre Janet Psychological Automatism: Essay of Experimental Psychology on the Lower Forms of Human.",
"Janet Pierre wrote La Médecine Psychologique.",
"It explains what he thought about Suggestion.",
"Pierre Janet wrote books about French hypnotists and psychologists from Harvard Medical School and the cole Normale Supérieure."
] | <mask> (; 30 May 1859 – 24 February 1947) was a pioneering French psychologist, physician, philosopher, and psychotherapist in the field of dissociation and traumatic memory. He is ranked alongside William James and Wilhelm Wundt as one of the founding fathers of psychology. Biography
<mask> studied under Jean-Martin Charcot at the Psychological Laboratory in the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris. He first published the results of his research in his philosophy thesis in 1889 and in his medical thesis, L'état mental des hystériques, in 1892. He earned a degree in medicine the following year in 1893. In 1898, <mask> was appointed lecturer in psychology at the Sorbonne, and in 1902 he attained the chair of experimental and comparative psychology at the Collège de France, a position he held until 1936. He was a member of the Institut de France from 1913, and was a central figure in French psychology in the first half of the 20th century.Theories
<mask> was one of the first people to allege a connection between events in a subject's past life and their present-day trauma, and coined the words "dissociation" and "subconscious". His study of the "magnetic passion" or "rapport" between the patient and the hypnotist anticipated later accounts of the transference phenomenon. The 20th century saw <mask> developing a grand model of the mind in terms of levels of energy, efficiency and social competence, which he set out in publications including Obsessions and Psychasthenia (1903) and From Anguish to Ecstasy (1926), among others. In its concern for the construction of the personality in social terms, this model has been compared to the social behaviorism of George Herbert Mead something which explains Lacan's early praise of "<mask>, who demonstrated so admirably the signification of feelings of persecution as phenomenological moments in social behaviour". Developmental hierarchy
<mask> established a developmental model of the mind in terms of a hierarchy of nine "tendencies" of increasingly complex organisational levels. He detailed four "lower tendencies", rising from the "reflexive" to the "elementary intellectual"; two "middle tendencies", involving language and the social world; and three "higher tendencies", the "rational-ergotic" world of work, and the "experimental and progressive tendencies". According to <mask>, neurosis could be seen as a failure to integrate, or a regression to earlier tendencies, and he defined subconsciousness as "an act which has kept an inferior form amidst acts of a higher level".Influence on depth psychology
William James
In his 1890 essay The Hidden Self, William James wrote of P<mask>'s observations of "hysterical somnambulist" patients at Havre Hospital, detailed in <mask>'s 1889 doctorate of letters thesis, De l'Automatisme Psychologique. James made note of various aspects of automatism and the apparent multiple personalities ("two selves") of patients variously exhibiting "trances, subconscious states" or alcoholic delirium tremens. James was apparently fascinated by these manifestations and said, "How far the splitting of the mind into separate conciousnesses may obtain in each one of us is a problem. P<mask> holds that it is only possible where there is an abnormal weakness, and consequently a defect of unifying or coordinating power." Freud
Controversy over whose ideas came first, <mask>'s or Sigmund Freud's, emerged at the 1913 Congress of Medicine in London. Prior to that date, Freud had freely acknowledged his debt to <mask>, particularly in his work with Josef Breuer, writing for example of "the theory of hysterical phenomena first put forward by P. <mask> and elaborated by Breuer and myself". He stated further that "we followed his example when we took the splitting of the mind and dissociation of the personality as the centre of our position", but he was also careful to point out where "the difference lies between our view and <mask>'s".Writing in 1911 of the neurotic's withdrawal from reality, Freud stated: "Nor could a fact like this escape the observation of <mask>; he spoke of a loss of 'the function of reality'", and as late as 1930, Freud drew on <mask>'s expression "psychological poverty" in his work on civilisation. However, in his report on psychoanalysis in 1913, <mask> argued that many of the novel terms of psychoanalysis were only old concepts renamed, even down to the way in which his own "psychological analysis" preceded Freud's "psychoanalysis". This provoked angry attacks from Freud's followers, and thereafter Freud's own attitude towards <mask> cooled. In his lectures of 1915-16, Freud said that "for a long time I was prepared to give <mask> very great credit for throwing light on neurotic symptoms, because he regarded them as expressions of idées inconscientes which dominated the patients". However, after what Freud saw as his backpedalling in 1913, he said, "I think he has unnecessarily forfeited much credit". The charge of plagiarism stung Freud especially. In his autobiographical sketch of 1925, he denied firmly that he had plagiarized <mask>, and as late as 1937, he refused to meet <mask> on the grounds that "when the libel was spread by French writers that I had listened to his lectures and stolen his ideas he could with a word have put an end to such talk" but did not.A balanced judgement might be that <mask>'s ideas, as published, did indeed form part of Freud's starting point, but that Freud subsequently developed them substantively in his own fashion. Jung
Carl Jung studied with <mask> in Paris in 1902 and was much influenced by him, for example equating what he called a complex with <mask>'s idée fixe subconsciente. Jung's view of the mind as "consisting of an indefinite, because unknown, number of complexes or fragmentary personalities" built upon what <mask> in Psychological Automatism called "simultaneous psychological existences". Jung wrote of the debt owed to "<mask> for a deeper and more exact knowledge of hysterical symptoms", and talked of "the achievements of <mask>, Flournoy, Freud and others" in exploring the unconscious. Adler
Alfred Adler openly derived his inferiority complex concept from <mask>'s Sentiment d'incomplétude, and the two men cited each other's work on the issue in their writings. Publications
In 1923, <mask> wrote a definitive text on suggestion, La médecine psychologique, and in 1928-32 published several definitive papers on memory. While <mask> did not publish much in English, the 15 lectures that he gave to the Harvard Medical School between 15 October and the end of November 1906 were published in 1907 as The Major Symptoms of Hysteria.He received an honorary doctorate from Harvard in 1936. Of his great synthesis of human psychology, Henri Ellenberger wrote that "this requires about twenty books and several dozen of articles". See also
References
Further reading
Brooks III, J. I. (1998). The eclectic legacy. Academic philosophy and the human sciences in nineteenth - century France. Newark: University of Delaware Press.Carroy, J. & Plas, R. (2000) . How <mask> used pathological psychology to save the philosophical self. Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 36, 231-240. Foschi, R. (2003) 'La Psicologia Sperimentale e Patologica di <mask> e la Nozione di Personalità (1885–1900)', Medicina & Storia, 5, 45-68. Johnson, George M. Dynamic Psychology in Modernist British Fiction. Palgrave Macmillan, U.K., 2006.LeBlanc, A. (2001). The Origins of the Concept of Dissociation: <mask>, his Nephew <mask>, and the Problem of Post-hypnotic Suggestion, History of Science, 39, 57-69. LeBlanc, A. (2004). Thirteen Days: Joseph Delboeuf versus <mask> on the Nature of Hypnotic Suggestion, Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 40, 123-147. Lombardo G.P, Foschi R. (2003).The Concept of Personality between 19th Century France and 20th Century American Psychology. History of Psychology, vol. 6; 133-142, ,
Serina F. (2020) « <mask>-Ellenberger: the history of a triangular relationship through their unpublished correspondence » History of Psychiatry, 31, 1, p. 3-20. External links
About <mask>
Short biography
Bibliographic site
Reading guide
"Autobiography" of his early years
<mask> & the 'Reality Function'
JANETIAN STUDIES electronic journal of the Institut Pierre Janet
Works of <mask>
Psychological Automatism: Essay of Experimental Psychology on the Lower Forms of Human Activity Doctorate of Science thesis of <mask>. La Médecine Psychologique Important book by <mask>. It clarifies what he thought about Suggestion. (PDF download)
Books by <mask> on line
1859 births
1947 deaths
French hypnotists
Collège de France faculty
University of Paris faculty
French psychologists
Harvard Medical School people
École Normale Supérieure alumni
French psychiatrists
19th-century psychologists
20th-century psychologists
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences | [
"Pierre Marie Félix Janet",
"Janet",
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". Janet",
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"Paul Janet",
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"Pierre Janet",
"Janet Schwartz",
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"Pierre Janet",
"Pierre Janet",
"Pierre Janet"
] | <mask> was a pioneer in the field of dissociation and traumatic memory. He is one of the founding fathers of psychology. <mask> studied at the Psychological Laboratory in the Pitié-Salptrire Hospital in Paris. He first published the results of his research in his medical thesis in 1892. He received a degree in medicine in 1893. He held the chair of experimental and comparative psychology at the Collge de France until 1936, after he was appointed lecturer in psychology at the Sorbonne. He was a central figure in French psychology in the first half of the 20th century.<mask> was one of the first people to suggest a connection between a subject's past life and their present-day trauma. The study of the "magnetic passion" or "rapport" between the patient and hypnotist anticipated later accounts of the transference phenomenon. The 20th century saw <mask> develop a grand model of the mind in terms of levels of energy, efficiency and social competence, which he set out in publications including Obsessions and Psychasthenia. Lacan's praise of <mask>, who demonstrated so admirably the signification of feelings of persecution as phenomenological moments in social behavior, was due to the model's concern for the construction of the personality in social terms. <mask> created a model of the mind based on a hierarchy of nine "tendencies" of increasingly complex levels. He described four "lower tendencies", rising from the "reflexive" to the "elementary intellectual"; two "middle tendencies", involving language and the social world; and three "higher tendencies", the "rational-ergotic" world of work. According to <mask>, a failure to integrate, or a regression to earlier tendencies, could be seen as a failure to keep an inferior form amidst acts of a higher level.In his 1890 essay The Hidden Self, William James wrote about P<mask>'s observations of "hysterical somnambulist" patients. James noted various aspects of automatism and the apparent multiple personality of patients, which included "trances, subconscious states" or alcoholic delirium tremens. "How far the splitting of the mind into separate conciousnesses may get in each one of us is a problem," James was quoted as saying. P<mask> believes that it is only possible if there is a defect of unifying or coordinating power. At the 1913 Congress of Medicine in London, there was controversy over who came first, <mask>'s or Sigmund Freud's. Freud wrote about his debt to <mask> in his work with Breuer, for example, "the theory of hysterical phenomena first put forward by P. <mask> and elaborated by Breuer and myself". He stated that "we followed his example when we took the splitting of the mind and dissociation of the personality as the centre of our position", but he was also careful to point out where "the difference lies between our view and <mask>'s".As late as 1930, Freud drew on <mask>'s expression "psychological poverty" when he wrote about the neurotic's withdrawal from reality. <mask> argued in his 1913 report that many of the novel terms of psychoanalysis were only old concepts and that his own "psychological analysis" preceded Freud's "psychoanalysis". Freud's own attitude towards <mask> cooled after this provoked angry attacks from his followers. "For a long time I was prepared to give <mask> great credit for throwing light on neurotic symptoms, because he regarded them as expressions of idées inconscientes which dominated the patients", said Freud in his lectures of 1915-16. After what Freud saw as his backpedalling in 1913, he said, "I think he has unnecessarily forfeited much credit". Freud was stung by the charge of plagiarism. In his autobiographical sketch of 1925, he denied that he had plagiarized <mask>, and as late as 1937, he refused to meet her because he had listened to his lectures and stolen his ideas.It is possible that <mask>'s ideas form part of Freud's starting point, but that he developed them in his own way. Jung Carl Jung studied with <mask> in Paris and was influenced by her, for example equating what he called a complex with <mask>'s idée fixe subconsciente. <mask> called "simultaneous psychological existences" the "simultaneous psychological existences built upon" Jung's view of the mind. The debt Jung wrote of to <mask> was for a deeper and more exact knowledge of hysterical symptoms. The two men cited each other's work on the issue in their writings, and Adler Alfred Adler openly derived his inferiority complex concept from <mask>'s Sentiment d'incomplétude. In 1923, <mask> wrote a definitive text on suggestion, La médecine psychologique. The lectures that <mask> gave to the Harvard Medical School in October and November of 1906 were published in 1907 as The Major Symptoms of Hysteria.He received a degree from Harvard in 1936. The synthesis of human psychology requires about twenty books and several dozen articles, according to Henri Ellenberger. See also references for further reading. The year 1998. The legacy is eclectic. The human sciences and academic philosophy were in France in the 19th century. The University of Delaware Press is in Newark.J. Carroy. In 2000. <mask> used pathological psychology to save himself. The History of the Behavioral Sciences was published in the Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences. The Medicina & Storia published 'La Psicologia Sperimentale e Patologica di <mask> e la Nozione di Personalit'. George M. Johnson wrote Dynamic Psychology in British fiction. The U.K.A. LeBlanc. The year 2001. The Problem of Post-hypnotic Suggestion, History of Science, 39, 57-69, is the origin of the concept of dissociation. A. LeBlanc. They did it in 2004. The Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences had a story about Joseph Delboeuf and <mask>. The book was written by Lombardo G.P and Foschi R.The 19th century France and 20th century American psychology have the same concept of personality. The history of psychology. The history of a triangular relationship through their unpublished correspondence was written by <mask>-Ellenberger. The biography of <mask> can be found on the Bibliographic site, as well as the electronic journal of theInstitut Pierre <mask> Works of <mask> Psychological Automatism: Essay of Experimental Psychology on the Lower Forms of Human. <mask> wrote La Médecine Psychologique. It explains what he thought about Suggestion. <mask> wrote books about French hypnotists and psychologists from Harvard Medical School and the cole Normale Supérieure. | [
"Pierre Marie Félix Janet",
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". Janet",
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"Pierre Janet",
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"Pierre Janet",
"Janet Schwartz",
"Pierre Janet",
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"Pierre Janet",
"Janet Pierre",
"Pierre Janet"
] |
33054830 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Obrenovi%C4%87 | George Obrenović | Milan George Obrenovic (1889/March 1890 – 9 October 1925) born Obren Christich was the natural son of King Milan I of Serbia and his Greek mistress Artemisia Hristić (née Joanides). After the regicide of his half brother King Alexander in 1903 George became a claimant to the Serbian throne in opposition to the new king, Peter I Karadordevic before ending his life in obscurity.
Birth and family background
Although commonly known as George Obrenović he was born in Belgrade as Obren Hristić. Acknowledged by King Milan as his son, he was given the name Obren at birth to underline his kinship to the ruling House of Obrenović. The husband of George’s mother was Milan Hristić, the king’s private secretary and son of the Serbian statesman Filip Hristić.
The relationship between the parents of George and the fact his mother was living in the Royal Palace, caused a great scandal and resulted in Queen Natalie fleeing Belgrade with her son Crown Prince Alexander for Wiesbaden in the German Empire. His mother’s husband was subsequently removed from his position as private secretary and sent abroad as Serbian Minister to Berlin on condition his wife stays in Belgrade. This appointment fell through however after the Berlin court made it clear he was unwelcome so he was instead sent to Rome. Although King Milan had given a written promise of marriage to Artemisia his attempts to divorce Queen Natalie were opposed by Mihailo, the Metropolitan of Belgrade.
Eventually both of George’s parents secured divorces from their respective spouses. Five months after his divorce on 6 March 1889 King Milan abdicated from the Serbian throne angering George’s mother. After eventually growing tired of ex-King Milan’s demands for money from her, Artemisa took George to live in Constantinople where her father lived and had acquired substantial wealth first as a landscape gardener and architect to the Ottoman sultan and later in Banking. Ex-King Milan then broke off his promise of marriage and turned instead to the Serbian government for financial assistance and was eventually even reconciled with his ex-wife Queen Natalie on 8 March 1893.
Serbian pretender
With the breakdown of the relationship of his parents George was raised in a privileged environment by his mother in Constantinople. Following the death in 1901 of his father in exile in Vienna, George’s life changed. Some of his late father’s friends who were appalled by his half brother King Alexander’s treatment of King Milan took an interest in him as a possible candidate for the Serbian throne. One friend, the Hungarian count Eugene Zichy, assumed the role of his guardian. Count Eugene generally treated him as his own son and attempted to get the agreement of Emperor Franz Joseph I to enrol George in the Theresian Military Academy. However, as his pretensions to the Serbian throne were not viewed favourably in Vienna the emperor refused to allow his enrolment.
Although the natural son of King Milan and even though his half brother and his consort Queen Draga were without an heir George was not seen by his half brother as a possible successor to the throne. Instead the queens brother Nikodije Lunjevica and Prince Mirko of Montenegro, who was married to Natalija Konstantinović (granddaughter of Princess Anka Obrenović) were talked of as being named the heir.
After the regicide of his half brother King Alexander and his consort Queen Draga in 1903 the throne of Serbia was offered to Prince Peter Karageorgevich whose family had a decades long feud with the Obrenović’s over the throne. As the sole male line descendant of the Obrenović’s, George’s guardian Count Eugene claimed that his father King Milan had legally adopted him and as such this was enough to legitimise him, and his claims to the throne and make him the heir to his father and half brother. George had support within Serbia in the aftermath of the regicide with his supporters posting proclamations in Belgrade and fighting with supporters of the newly elected king, Peter Karageorgevich. Although there were reports that George and his mother were to cross over into Serbia nothing came of this and the Ottoman sultan advised his mother that he should be kept off the streets over fears that he would be assassinated.
In 1906, three years after the death of his half brother and the accession of King Peter Karageorgevich, George made an unsuccessful attempt to gain the throne of Serbia. In June while studying in Klausenburg, Hungary a dispute in a coffee shop led to a duel with swords being fought between George and a university student. Although he survived the duel he came off worse sustaining injuries to his head, shoulder and breast. He suffered a further blow at the end of that year when his guardian Count Eugene Zichy died on Boxing Day leaving George little in his will having used his own money to support his pretensions, as King Milan had left nothing to his son. All was not lost however as he still had a large inheritance to look forward to from his grandfather in Constantinople.
Fall into obscurity
Back in the Ottoman capital in February 1907 George survived an assassination attempt when a man wielding a dagger attempted to stab him in his chest, however he escaped with just a scratch after the dagger hit a thick pocket book he was carrying. Five months later in July 1907 a bomb went off outside the US Embassy in Constantinople. As George lived in a house adjoining the embassy word spread that it was an assassination attempt by agents of King Peter Karageorgevich. This explanation for the bombing was met with some scepticism and viewed by some as an attempt to use the explosion to keep George in the public eye. The following month it was reported that he had attempted to take his own life after the Ottoman authorities had refused to allow him to assume the surname Obrenović. There may however have been other issues on his mind as an investigation into the bombing concluded that George had set it up himself to make it look like an attempt on his life. As a result, he was expelled from Turkey by the Sultan. The discovery also cost George his inheritance from his grandfather who was furious at his grandson's actions and wrote him out of his will. His grandfather died later that year before any chance for reconciliation could ever take place.
Now banished from Turkey George made his way to Paris before heading to Austria-Hungary where he received some support from his late father’s friends who saw the potential that he may one day ascend the Serbian throne. To help boost his finances failed attempts were also made to secure a rich wife from Austria-Hungary or America for him. When the support came to an end he largely disappeared from view travelling around Europe and falling into debt. Eventually he fell into comparative poverty and tried his hand at a number of different jobs to survive. After his attempt to work in the Austro-Hungarian state ministries failed due to his lack of qualifications, he worked at various jobs such as a stable boy and professional jockey before trying his hand at singing in cafés and on stage, until he was forced to abandon that career by the police due to the fact he had been billing himself as a prince. He then went on to work as a waiter, and a porter in sleeping cars on the Orient Express. His name reappeared in connection to his old pretensions during World War I when it was falsely reported in January 1916 that he had been proclaimed King of Serbia by the Germans and Austro-Hungarians.
George later went on to become a writer, however the only book he ever wrote, which was about the life of his father King Milan, was suppressed by the Serbian government. George Obrenović died penniless in a Hungarian poorhouse on 9 October 1925.
Possible descendants
According to a 2003 article by the Serbian media company Novosti AD, George had a son called Stefan who served as a cavalry captain in the French Army. Stefan in turn had a son named Panta (Panka) Obrenović (also known as Mark Eme) who served as chairman of the "Fund Obrenović" until his death in Paris in early 2002.
References
1890 births
1925 deaths
People from Belgrade
People from the Kingdom of Serbia
Pretenders to the Serbian throne
Obrenović dynasty
Illegitimate children of monarchs
Serbian duellists
Serbian people of Greek descent
Writers from Belgrade | [
"Milan George Obrenovic (1889/March 1890 – 9 October 1925) born Obren Christich was the natural son of King Milan I of Serbia and his Greek mistress Artemisia Hristić (née Joanides).",
"After the regicide of his half brother King Alexander in 1903 George became a claimant to the Serbian throne in opposition to the new king, Peter I Karadordevic before ending his life in obscurity.",
"Birth and family background\nAlthough commonly known as George Obrenović he was born in Belgrade as Obren Hristić.",
"Acknowledged by King Milan as his son, he was given the name Obren at birth to underline his kinship to the ruling House of Obrenović.",
"The husband of George’s mother was Milan Hristić, the king’s private secretary and son of the Serbian statesman Filip Hristić.",
"The relationship between the parents of George and the fact his mother was living in the Royal Palace, caused a great scandal and resulted in Queen Natalie fleeing Belgrade with her son Crown Prince Alexander for Wiesbaden in the German Empire.",
"His mother’s husband was subsequently removed from his position as private secretary and sent abroad as Serbian Minister to Berlin on condition his wife stays in Belgrade.",
"This appointment fell through however after the Berlin court made it clear he was unwelcome so he was instead sent to Rome.",
"Although King Milan had given a written promise of marriage to Artemisia his attempts to divorce Queen Natalie were opposed by Mihailo, the Metropolitan of Belgrade.",
"Eventually both of George’s parents secured divorces from their respective spouses.",
"Five months after his divorce on 6 March 1889 King Milan abdicated from the Serbian throne angering George’s mother.",
"After eventually growing tired of ex-King Milan’s demands for money from her, Artemisa took George to live in Constantinople where her father lived and had acquired substantial wealth first as a landscape gardener and architect to the Ottoman sultan and later in Banking.",
"Ex-King Milan then broke off his promise of marriage and turned instead to the Serbian government for financial assistance and was eventually even reconciled with his ex-wife Queen Natalie on 8 March 1893.",
"Serbian pretender\n\nWith the breakdown of the relationship of his parents George was raised in a privileged environment by his mother in Constantinople.",
"Following the death in 1901 of his father in exile in Vienna, George’s life changed.",
"Some of his late father’s friends who were appalled by his half brother King Alexander’s treatment of King Milan took an interest in him as a possible candidate for the Serbian throne.",
"One friend, the Hungarian count Eugene Zichy, assumed the role of his guardian.",
"Count Eugene generally treated him as his own son and attempted to get the agreement of Emperor Franz Joseph I to enrol George in the Theresian Military Academy.",
"However, as his pretensions to the Serbian throne were not viewed favourably in Vienna the emperor refused to allow his enrolment.",
"Although the natural son of King Milan and even though his half brother and his consort Queen Draga were without an heir George was not seen by his half brother as a possible successor to the throne.",
"Instead the queens brother Nikodije Lunjevica and Prince Mirko of Montenegro, who was married to Natalija Konstantinović (granddaughter of Princess Anka Obrenović) were talked of as being named the heir.",
"After the regicide of his half brother King Alexander and his consort Queen Draga in 1903 the throne of Serbia was offered to Prince Peter Karageorgevich whose family had a decades long feud with the Obrenović’s over the throne.",
"As the sole male line descendant of the Obrenović’s, George’s guardian Count Eugene claimed that his father King Milan had legally adopted him and as such this was enough to legitimise him, and his claims to the throne and make him the heir to his father and half brother.",
"George had support within Serbia in the aftermath of the regicide with his supporters posting proclamations in Belgrade and fighting with supporters of the newly elected king, Peter Karageorgevich.",
"Although there were reports that George and his mother were to cross over into Serbia nothing came of this and the Ottoman sultan advised his mother that he should be kept off the streets over fears that he would be assassinated.",
"In 1906, three years after the death of his half brother and the accession of King Peter Karageorgevich, George made an unsuccessful attempt to gain the throne of Serbia.",
"In June while studying in Klausenburg, Hungary a dispute in a coffee shop led to a duel with swords being fought between George and a university student.",
"Although he survived the duel he came off worse sustaining injuries to his head, shoulder and breast.",
"He suffered a further blow at the end of that year when his guardian Count Eugene Zichy died on Boxing Day leaving George little in his will having used his own money to support his pretensions, as King Milan had left nothing to his son.",
"All was not lost however as he still had a large inheritance to look forward to from his grandfather in Constantinople.",
"Fall into obscurity\n\nBack in the Ottoman capital in February 1907 George survived an assassination attempt when a man wielding a dagger attempted to stab him in his chest, however he escaped with just a scratch after the dagger hit a thick pocket book he was carrying.",
"Five months later in July 1907 a bomb went off outside the US Embassy in Constantinople.",
"As George lived in a house adjoining the embassy word spread that it was an assassination attempt by agents of King Peter Karageorgevich.",
"This explanation for the bombing was met with some scepticism and viewed by some as an attempt to use the explosion to keep George in the public eye.",
"The following month it was reported that he had attempted to take his own life after the Ottoman authorities had refused to allow him to assume the surname Obrenović.",
"There may however have been other issues on his mind as an investigation into the bombing concluded that George had set it up himself to make it look like an attempt on his life.",
"As a result, he was expelled from Turkey by the Sultan.",
"The discovery also cost George his inheritance from his grandfather who was furious at his grandson's actions and wrote him out of his will.",
"His grandfather died later that year before any chance for reconciliation could ever take place.",
"Now banished from Turkey George made his way to Paris before heading to Austria-Hungary where he received some support from his late father’s friends who saw the potential that he may one day ascend the Serbian throne.",
"To help boost his finances failed attempts were also made to secure a rich wife from Austria-Hungary or America for him.",
"When the support came to an end he largely disappeared from view travelling around Europe and falling into debt.",
"Eventually he fell into comparative poverty and tried his hand at a number of different jobs to survive.",
"After his attempt to work in the Austro-Hungarian state ministries failed due to his lack of qualifications, he worked at various jobs such as a stable boy and professional jockey before trying his hand at singing in cafés and on stage, until he was forced to abandon that career by the police due to the fact he had been billing himself as a prince.",
"He then went on to work as a waiter, and a porter in sleeping cars on the Orient Express.",
"His name reappeared in connection to his old pretensions during World War I when it was falsely reported in January 1916 that he had been proclaimed King of Serbia by the Germans and Austro-Hungarians.",
"George later went on to become a writer, however the only book he ever wrote, which was about the life of his father King Milan, was suppressed by the Serbian government.",
"George Obrenović died penniless in a Hungarian poorhouse on 9 October 1925.",
"Possible descendants\n\nAccording to a 2003 article by the Serbian media company Novosti AD, George had a son called Stefan who served as a cavalry captain in the French Army.",
"Stefan in turn had a son named Panta (Panka) Obrenović (also known as Mark Eme) who served as chairman of the \"Fund Obrenović\" until his death in Paris in early 2002.",
"References\n\n1890 births\n1925 deaths\nPeople from Belgrade\nPeople from the Kingdom of Serbia\nPretenders to the Serbian throne\nObrenović dynasty\nIllegitimate children of monarchs\nSerbian duellists\nSerbian people of Greek descent\nWriters from Belgrade"
] | [
"The natural son of King Milan I of Serbia and his Greek mistress Artemisia Hristi was born on 9 October 1925.",
"George became a contender to the Serbian throne in opposition to the new king, Peter I Karadordevic, after his half brother King Alexander was regicide in 1903.",
"George Obrenovi was born in Belgrade as Obren Hristi.",
"King Milan acknowledged that he was his son and gave him the name Obren.",
"Milan Hristi was the king's private secretary and the son of a Serbian diplomat.",
"The relationship between the parents of George and the fact his mother was living in the Royal Palace caused a great scandal and resulted in Queen Natalie fleeing Belgrade with her son Crown Prince Alexander for the German Empire.",
"His mother's husband was removed from his position as private secretary and sent abroad as Serbian Minister to Berlin on condition that his wife stays in Belgrade.",
"He was sent to Rome after the Berlin court made it clear he was not welcome.",
"The attempts by King Milan to divorce Queen Natalie were opposed by the Metropolitan of Belgrade.",
"Both of George's parents got divorces.",
"King Milan abdicated from the Serbian throne five months after his divorce from George.",
"Artemisa took George to Constantinople because she was fed up with ex-King Milan demanding money from her.",
"On 8 March 1893, Milan reconciled with his ex-wife Queen Natalie after he broke off his promise of marriage and turned to the Serbian government for financial assistance.",
"George was raised in Constantinople by his mother after the breakdown of his parents relationship.",
"George's life changed after his father died in Vienna.",
"Some of his father's friends who were appalled by King Alexander's treatment of King Milan took an interest in him as a possible candidate for the Serbian throne.",
"Eugene Zichy was his guardian.",
"George was treated as a son by Count Eugene and he tried to get him into the Theresian Military Academy.",
"The emperor refused to allow him to enroll because of his pretensions to the Serbian throne.",
"Although the natural son of King Milan and his half brother and consort Queen Draga were without an heir, George was not seen by his half brother as a possible successor to the throne.",
"Princess Anka Obrenovi's grandson, Prince Mirko of Montenegro, was rumored to be the queen's heir.",
"After King Alexander and Queen Draga were regicide in 1903, the throne of Serbia was offered to Prince Peter Karageorgevich whose family had a decades long feud with the Obrenovi's over the throne.",
"As the sole male line descendant of the Obrenovi's, Count Eugene claimed that his father King Milan had legally adopted him and made him the heir to his father and half.",
"George had support within Serbia in the aftermath of the regicide and his supporters fought with the supporters of the newly elected king.",
"The Ottoman sultan advised George's mother to keep him away from the streets because he was afraid of being assassinated.",
"George tried to gain the throne of Serbia in 1906, three years after the death of his half brother.",
"George and a university student were involved in a sword fight in a coffee shop in Hungary in June.",
"He came off worse with injuries to his head, shoulder and breast.",
"George was left with little in his will after his guardian Count Eugene Zichy died on Boxing Day, as King Milan had left nothing to his son.",
"He still had a large inheritance to look forward to and it was not lost.",
"George survived an assassination attempt in the Ottoman capital in 1907 when a man wielding a dagger attempted to stab him in his chest, however he escaped with just a scratch after the dagger hit a thick pocket book he was carrying.",
"A bomb went off outside the US Embassy in Constantinople in 1907.",
"King Peter Karageorgevich's agents tried to assassinate George as he lived in a house next to the embassy.",
"The explanation for the bombing was met with skepticism and some thought it was an attempt to keep George in the public eye.",
"He tried to take his own life after the Ottoman authorities refused to allow him to assume the name Obrenovi.",
"An investigation into the bombing concluded that George had set it up himself to make it look like an attempt on his life.",
"He was kicked out of Turkey by the Sultan.",
"George's inheritance was taken away from him by his grandfather who was angry at his grandson's actions.",
"His grandfather died before there was a chance for reconciliation.",
"After being kicked out of Turkey, George traveled to Paris where he received some support from his late father's friends who saw the potential that he may one day ascend the Serbian throne.",
"Attempts were made to get a rich wife from Austria-Hungary or America for him.",
"He went around Europe and fell into debt after the support ended.",
"He tried a number of different jobs to survive after falling into comparative poverty.",
"Due to his lack of qualifications, he was unable to get a job in the state ministries of Hungary, so he worked at various jobs, including a stable boy and professional jockey, before trying his hand at singing in cafés and on stage.",
"He worked as a waiter and a porter on the Orient Express.",
"When it was reported in January 1916 that he had been proclaimed King of Serbia by the Germans and Austro-Hungarians, his name came up again.",
"The only book George ever wrote was about his father, King Milan, which was suppressed by the Serbian government.",
"George Obrenovi died penniless in a Hungarian poorhouse.",
"According to a 2003 article by the Serbian media company Novosti AD, George had a son who was a cavalry captain in the French Army.",
"The \"Fund Obrenovi\" was chaired by Mark Eme until his death in Paris in 2002.",
"People from the Kingdom of Serbia Pretenders to the Serbian throne Obrenovi dynasty Illegitimate children of monarchs Serbian duellists Serbian people of Greek descent"
] | <mask> (1889/March 1890 – 9 October 1925) born Obren Christich was the natural son of King Milan I of Serbia and his Greek mistress Artemisia Hristić (née Joanides). After the regicide of his half brother King Alexander in 1903 <mask> became a claimant to the Serbian throne in opposition to the new king, Peter I Karadordevic before ending his life in obscurity. Birth and family background
Although commonly known as <mask> he was born in Belgrade as Obren Hristić. Acknowledged by King Milan as his son, he was given the name Obren at birth to underline his kinship to the ruling House of Obrenović. The husband of <mask>’s mother was Milan Hristić, the king’s private secretary and son of the Serbian statesman Filip Hristić. The relationship between the parents of <mask> and the fact his mother was living in the Royal Palace, caused a great scandal and resulted in Queen Natalie fleeing Belgrade with her son Crown Prince Alexander for Wiesbaden in the German Empire. His mother’s husband was subsequently removed from his position as private secretary and sent abroad as Serbian Minister to Berlin on condition his wife stays in Belgrade.This appointment fell through however after the Berlin court made it clear he was unwelcome so he was instead sent to Rome. Although King Milan had given a written promise of marriage to Artemisia his attempts to divorce Queen Natalie were opposed by Mihailo, the Metropolitan of Belgrade. Eventually both of <mask>’s parents secured divorces from their respective spouses. Five months after his divorce on 6 March 1889 King Milan abdicated from the Serbian throne angering <mask>’s mother. After eventually growing tired of ex-King Milan’s demands for money from her, Artemisa took <mask> to live in Constantinople where her father lived and had acquired substantial wealth first as a landscape gardener and architect to the Ottoman sultan and later in Banking. Ex-King Milan then broke off his promise of marriage and turned instead to the Serbian government for financial assistance and was eventually even reconciled with his ex-wife Queen Natalie on 8 March 1893. Serbian pretender
With the breakdown of the relationship of his parents <mask> was raised in a privileged environment by his mother in Constantinople.Following the death in 1901 of his father in exile in Vienna, <mask>’s life changed. Some of his late father’s friends who were appalled by his half brother King Alexander’s treatment of King Milan took an interest in him as a possible candidate for the Serbian throne. One friend, the Hungarian count Eugene Zichy, assumed the role of his guardian. Count Eugene generally treated him as his own son and attempted to get the agreement of Emperor Franz Joseph I to enrol <mask> in the Theresian Military Academy. However, as his pretensions to the Serbian throne were not viewed favourably in Vienna the emperor refused to allow his enrolment. Although the natural son of King Milan and even though his half brother and his consort Queen Draga were without an heir <mask> was not seen by his half brother as a possible successor to the throne. Instead the queens brother Nikodije Lunjevica and Prince Mirko of Montenegro, who was married to Natalija Konstantinović (granddaughter of Princess Anka <mask>) were talked of as being named the heir.After the regicide of his half brother King Alexander and his consort Queen Draga in 1903 the throne of Serbia was offered to Prince Peter Karageorgevich whose family had a decades long feud with the <mask>’s over the throne. As the sole male line descendant of the Obrenović’s, <mask>’s guardian Count Eugene claimed that his father King Milan had legally adopted him and as such this was enough to legitimise him, and his claims to the throne and make him the heir to his father and half brother. <mask> had support within Serbia in the aftermath of the regicide with his supporters posting proclamations in Belgrade and fighting with supporters of the newly elected king, Peter Karageorgevich. Although there were reports that <mask> and his mother were to cross over into Serbia nothing came of this and the Ottoman sultan advised his mother that he should be kept off the streets over fears that he would be assassinated. In 1906, three years after the death of his half brother and the accession of King Peter Karageorgevich, <mask> made an unsuccessful attempt to gain the throne of Serbia. In June while studying in Klausenburg, Hungary a dispute in a coffee shop led to a duel with swords being fought between <mask> and a university student. Although he survived the duel he came off worse sustaining injuries to his head, shoulder and breast.He suffered a further blow at the end of that year when his guardian Count Eugene Zichy died on Boxing Day leaving <mask> little in his will having used his own money to support his pretensions, as King Milan had left nothing to his son. All was not lost however as he still had a large inheritance to look forward to from his grandfather in Constantinople. Fall into obscurity
Back in the Ottoman capital in February 1907 <mask> survived an assassination attempt when a man wielding a dagger attempted to stab him in his chest, however he escaped with just a scratch after the dagger hit a thick pocket book he was carrying. Five months later in July 1907 a bomb went off outside the US Embassy in Constantinople. As <mask> lived in a house adjoining the embassy word spread that it was an assassination attempt by agents of King Peter Karageorgevich. This explanation for the bombing was met with some scepticism and viewed by some as an attempt to use the explosion to keep <mask> in the public eye. The following month it was reported that he had attempted to take his own life after the Ottoman authorities had refused to allow him to assume the surname <mask>.There may however have been other issues on his mind as an investigation into the bombing concluded that <mask> had set it up himself to make it look like an attempt on his life. As a result, he was expelled from Turkey by the Sultan. The discovery also cost <mask> his inheritance from his grandfather who was furious at his grandson's actions and wrote him out of his will. His grandfather died later that year before any chance for reconciliation could ever take place. Now banished from Turkey <mask> made his way to Paris before heading to Austria-Hungary where he received some support from his late father’s friends who saw the potential that he may one day ascend the Serbian throne. To help boost his finances failed attempts were also made to secure a rich wife from Austria-Hungary or America for him. When the support came to an end he largely disappeared from view travelling around Europe and falling into debt.Eventually he fell into comparative poverty and tried his hand at a number of different jobs to survive. After his attempt to work in the Austro-Hungarian state ministries failed due to his lack of qualifications, he worked at various jobs such as a stable boy and professional jockey before trying his hand at singing in cafés and on stage, until he was forced to abandon that career by the police due to the fact he had been billing himself as a prince. He then went on to work as a waiter, and a porter in sleeping cars on the Orient Express. His name reappeared in connection to his old pretensions during World War I when it was falsely reported in January 1916 that he had been proclaimed King of Serbia by the Germans and Austro-Hungarians. <mask> later went on to become a writer, however the only book he ever wrote, which was about the life of his father King Milan, was suppressed by the Serbian government. <mask> died penniless in a Hungarian poorhouse on 9 October 1925. Possible descendants
According to a 2003 article by the Serbian media company Novosti AD, <mask> had a son called Stefan who served as a cavalry captain in the French Army.Stefan in turn had a son named Panta (Panka) <mask> (also known as Mark Eme) who served as chairman of the "Fund Obrenović" until his death in Paris in early 2002. References
1890 births
1925 deaths
People from Belgrade
People from the Kingdom of Serbia
Pretenders to the Serbian throne
Obrenović dynasty
Illegitimate children of monarchs
Serbian duellists
Serbian people of Greek descent
Writers from Belgrade | [
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"Obrenović"
] | The natural son of King Milan I of Serbia and his Greek mistress Artemisia Hristi was born on 9 October 1925. <mask> became a contender to the Serbian throne in opposition to the new king, Peter I Karadordevic, after his half brother King Alexander was regicide in 1903. <mask>i was born in Belgrade as Obren Hristi. King Milan acknowledged that he was his son and gave him the name Obren. Milan Hristi was the king's private secretary and the son of a Serbian diplomat. The relationship between the parents of <mask> and the fact his mother was living in the Royal Palace caused a great scandal and resulted in Queen Natalie fleeing Belgrade with her son Crown Prince Alexander for the German Empire. His mother's husband was removed from his position as private secretary and sent abroad as Serbian Minister to Berlin on condition that his wife stays in Belgrade.He was sent to Rome after the Berlin court made it clear he was not welcome. The attempts by King Milan to divorce Queen Natalie were opposed by the Metropolitan of Belgrade. Both of <mask>'s parents got divorces. King Milan abdicated from the Serbian throne five months after his divorce from <mask>. Artemisa took <mask> to Constantinople because she was fed up with ex-King Milan demanding money from her. On 8 March 1893, Milan reconciled with his ex-wife Queen Natalie after he broke off his promise of marriage and turned to the Serbian government for financial assistance. <mask> was raised in Constantinople by his mother after the breakdown of his parents relationship.<mask>'s life changed after his father died in Vienna. Some of his father's friends who were appalled by King Alexander's treatment of King Milan took an interest in him as a possible candidate for the Serbian throne. Eugene Zichy was his guardian. <mask> was treated as a son by Count Eugene and he tried to get him into the Theresian Military Academy. The emperor refused to allow him to enroll because of his pretensions to the Serbian throne. Although the natural son of King Milan and his half brother and consort Queen Draga were without an heir, <mask> was not seen by his half brother as a possible successor to the throne. Princess Anka Obrenovi's grandson, Prince Mirko of Montenegro, was rumored to be the queen's heir.After King Alexander and Queen Draga were regicide in 1903, the throne of Serbia was offered to Prince Peter Karageorgevich whose family had a decades long feud with the Obrenovi's over the throne. As the sole male line descendant of the Obrenovi's, Count Eugene claimed that his father King Milan had legally adopted him and made him the heir to his father and half. <mask> had support within Serbia in the aftermath of the regicide and his supporters fought with the supporters of the newly elected king. The Ottoman sultan advised <mask>'s mother to keep him away from the streets because he was afraid of being assassinated. <mask> tried to gain the throne of Serbia in 1906, three years after the death of his half brother. <mask> and a university student were involved in a sword fight in a coffee shop in Hungary in June. He came off worse with injuries to his head, shoulder and breast.<mask> was left with little in his will after his guardian Count Eugene Zichy died on Boxing Day, as King Milan had left nothing to his son. He still had a large inheritance to look forward to and it was not lost. <mask> survived an assassination attempt in the Ottoman capital in 1907 when a man wielding a dagger attempted to stab him in his chest, however he escaped with just a scratch after the dagger hit a thick pocket book he was carrying. A bomb went off outside the US Embassy in Constantinople in 1907. King Peter Karageorgevich's agents tried to assassinate <mask> as he lived in a house next to the embassy. The explanation for the bombing was met with skepticism and some thought it was an attempt to keep <mask> in the public eye. He tried to take his own life after the Ottoman authorities refused to allow him to assume the name Obrenovi.An investigation into the bombing concluded that <mask> had set it up himself to make it look like an attempt on his life. He was kicked out of Turkey by the Sultan. <mask>'s inheritance was taken away from him by his grandfather who was angry at his grandson's actions. His grandfather died before there was a chance for reconciliation. After being kicked out of Turkey, <mask> traveled to Paris where he received some support from his late father's friends who saw the potential that he may one day ascend the Serbian throne. Attempts were made to get a rich wife from Austria-Hungary or America for him. He went around Europe and fell into debt after the support ended.He tried a number of different jobs to survive after falling into comparative poverty. Due to his lack of qualifications, he was unable to get a job in the state ministries of Hungary, so he worked at various jobs, including a stable boy and professional jockey, before trying his hand at singing in cafés and on stage. He worked as a waiter and a porter on the Orient Express. When it was reported in January 1916 that he had been proclaimed King of Serbia by the Germans and Austro-Hungarians, his name came up again. The only book <mask> ever wrote was about his father, King Milan, which was suppressed by the Serbian government. <mask>i died penniless in a Hungarian poorhouse. According to a 2003 article by the Serbian media company Novosti AD, <mask> had a son who was a cavalry captain in the French Army.The "Fund Obrenovi" was chaired by Mark Eme until his death in Paris in 2002. People from the Kingdom of Serbia Pretenders to the Serbian throne Obrenovi dynasty Illegitimate children of monarchs Serbian duellists Serbian people of Greek descent | [
"George",
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"George",
"George",
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"George Obrenov",
"George"
] |
2115815 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynd%20Ward | Lynd Ward | Lynd Kendall Ward (June 26, 1905 – June 28, 1985) was an American artist and novelist, known for his series of wordless novels using wood engraving, and his illustrations for juvenile and adult books. His wordless novels have influenced the development of the graphic novel. Strongly associated with his wood engravings, he also worked in watercolor, oil, brush and ink, lithography and mezzotint. Ward was a son of Methodist minister and political organizer Harry F. Ward.
His most well known books are Gods' Man and his Caldecott-winning The Biggest Bear.
Early life
Lynd Kendall Ward was born on June 26, 1905, in Chicago, Illinois. His father, Harry F. Ward, was born in Chiswick, England, in 1873; the elder Ward was a Methodist who moved to the United States in 1891 after reading the progressive Social Aspects of Christianity (1889) by Richard T. Ely. He named his son after the rural town of Lyndhurst, located in the south coastal county of Hampshire, where he had lived for two years as a teenager prior to his emigration. Ward's mother, Harriet May "Daisy" Kendall Ward, was born in Kansas City, Missouri, in 1873. The couple met at Northwestern University in Chicago, Illinois, and were married in 1899. Their first child, Gordon Hugh Ward, was born in June 1903, and a third, Muriel Ward, was born February 18, 1907.
Soon after birth, Ward developed tuberculosis; his parents took him north of Sault Ste. Marie in Canada for several months to recover. He partly recovered, and continued to suffer from symptoms of the disease throughout his childhood, as well as from inner ear and mastoid infections. In the hope of improving his health, the family moved to Oak Park, Illinois, where his father became a pastor at the Euclid Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church.
Ward was early drawn to art, and decided to become an artist when his first-grade teacher told him that "Ward" spelled backward is "draw". Having skipped a grade, Ward graduated from grammar school a year early in 1918. The family moved to Englewood, New Jersey, and Ward entered Englewood High School, where he became art editor of the school newspaper and yearbook, and learned linoleum-block printing. In 1922, he graduated with honors in art, mathematics, and debate.
Ward studied fine arts at Columbia Teachers College in New York. He edited the Jester of Columbia, to which he contributed arts and crafts how-to articles. His roommate arranged a blind date for Ward and May Yonge McNeer (1902–1994) in 1923; May had been the first female undergraduate at the University of Georgia in her freshman year. The two married on June 11, 1926, shortly after their graduation, and left for Europe for their honeymoon.
After four months in eastern Europe, the couple settled in Leipzig in Germany for a year, where Ward studied as a special one-year student at the . He learned etching from Alois Kolb, lithography from , and wood engraving from Hans Alexander "Theodore" Mueller; Ward was particularly influenced by Mueller. Ward chanced across a copy of Flemish artist Frans Masereel's wordless novel The Sun (1919), a story told in sixty-three woodcuts without captions.
Career
Ward returned to the United States in September 1927, with a number of book publishers in his portfolio . In 1928, his first commissioned work illustrated Dorothy Rowe's The Begging Deer: Stories of Japanese Children with eight brush drawings. May helped with background research for the illustrations, and wrote another book of Japanese folk tales, Prince Bantam (1929), with illustrations by Ward. Other work at the time included illustrations for the children's book Little Blacknose by Hildegarde Swift, and an illustrated edition of Oscar Wilde's poem "Ballad of Reading Gaol".
In 1929, Ward was inspired to create a wordless novel of his own after he came across German artist Otto Nückel's Destiny (1926). The first American wordless novel, was published by Smith & Cape that October, the week before the Wall Street Crash of 1929; over the next four years, it sold more than 20,000 copies. He made five more such works: Madman's Drum (1930), Wild Pilgrimage (1932), Prelude to a Million Years (1933), Song Without Words (1936), and Vertigo (1937).
In addition to woodcuts, Ward also worked in watercolor, oil, brush and ink, lithography and mezzotint. Ward illustrated over a hundred children's books, several of which were collaborations with his wife, May. Starting in 1938, Ward became a frequent illustrator of the Heritage Limited Editions Club's series of classic works. He was well known for the political themes of his artwork, often addressing labor and class issues. In 1932 he founded Equinox Cooperative Press. He was a member of the Society of Illustrators, a member and President of the Society of American Graphic Artists (SAGA), and the National Academy of Design.
Ward lived with his wife in a home in Cresskill, New Jersey to which they added a studio for their work.
Death
Ward retired to his home in Reston, Virginia, in 1979. He died on June 28, 1985, two days after his 80th birthday, predeceasing his wife.
Documentary
In celebration of the art and life of this American printmaker and illustrator, independent filmmaker Michael Maglaras of 217 Films produced a film titled O Brother Man: The Art and Life of Lynd Ward. The documentary features an interview with the artist's daughter Robin Ward Savage, as well as more than 150 works from all periods of Ward's career. The 94-minute documentary, culled from over seven hours of film and narrated by Maglaras, premiered at Penn State University Library's, Foster Auditorium, on April 20, 2012, where it was warmly received. Penn State's Special Collections Library has also become the repository for much Lynd Ward material, and may continue to receive material from Ward family collections.
Awards
He won a number of awards, including a Library of Congress Award for wood engraving, the Caldecott Medal for The Biggest Bear in 1953 (with a runner-up for America's Ethan Allen in 1950), and a Rutgers University award for Distinguished Contribution to Children's Literature. He also illustrated two Newbery Medal books and six runners-up. In 2011, Ward was listed as a Judges' Choice for The Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame.
Novels in woodcuts
Ward is known for his wordless novels told entirely through dramatic wood engravings. Ward's first work, (1929), uses a blend of Art Deco and Expressionist styles to tell the story of an artist's struggle with his craft, his seduction and subsequent abuse by money and power, his escape to innocence, and his unavoidable doom. Ward, in employing the concept of the wordless pictorial narrative, acknowledged as his predecessors the European artists Frans Masereel and Otto Nückel. Released the week of the 1929 stock market crash, would continue to exert influence well beyond the Depression era, becoming an important source of inspiration for Beat Generation poet Allen Ginsberg.
Ward produced six wood engraving novels over the next eight years, including:
(1929)
Madman's Drum (1930)
Wild Pilgrimage (1932)
Prelude to a Million Years (1933)
Song Without Words (1936)
Vertigo (1937)
Ward left one more wordless novel partially completed at the time of his death in 1985. The 26 completed wood engravings (out of a planned total of 44) were published in a limited edition in 2001, under the title Lynd Ward's Last, Unfinished, Wordless Novel.
Other works
In 1930 Ward's wood engravings were used to illustrate Alec Waugh's travel book Hot Countries; in 1936 an edition of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein was published with illustrations by Ward. Ward illustrated the 1942 children's book The Little Red Lighthouse and the Great Gray Bridge, with text by Hildegarde Swift. His work on children's books also included his 1953 Caldecott Medal winning book The Biggest Bear, Nic of the Woods from 1965 which he wrote and illustrated, and his work on Esther Forbes' Johnny Tremain. He also produced a wordless story for children, The Silver Pony, which is told entirely in black, white and shades of gray painted illustrations; it was published in 1973.
Ward's work included an awareness of the racial injustice to be found in the United States. This is first apparent in the lynching scenes from Wild Pilgrimage and appears again in his drawings for North Star Shining: A Pictorial History of the American Negro, by Hildegarde Hoyt Swift, published in 1947. Ward uses African American characters, as well as several different Native ones, in his book The Silver Pony.
Ward also illustrated Little Baptiste, My Friend Mac and The Wolf of Lamb's Lane which were all written by his wife, May McNeer.
In 1941 his illustrations were used in Great Ghost Stories of the World: The Haunted Omnibus, edited by Alexander Laing.
In 1974 Harry N. Abrams published Storyteller Without Words, a book that included Ward's six novels plus an assortment of his illustrations from other books. Ward himself broke his silence and wrote brief prologues to each of his works. In 2010, the Library of America published Lynd Ward: Six Novels in Woodcuts, with a new chronology of Ward's life and an introduction by Art Spiegelman.
Influence
Ward's work had an important influence on the work of later graphic artists such as Art Spiegelman, George Walker, Clifford Harper, Eric Drooker, Jarrett Heckbert, Steven McCabe and Megan Speers. His works have been praised by R. Crumb, filmmaker Guillermo Del Toro, and Alan Moore.
Since 2011, Ward has been honored and his name has been attached to the prestigious annual Lynd Ward Graphic Novel Prize, which is sponsored by Penn State University Libraries and administered by the Pennsylvania Center for the Book, an affiliate of the Center for the Book at the US Library of Congress. Previous winners of the Lynd Ward Prize—given in recognition of the best graphic novel or comic book, fiction or nonfiction, published in the previous calendar year by a living US or Canadian citizen or resident—have been Nick Sousanis, Jillian Tamaki, Mariko Tamaki, Jim Woodring, Chris Ware, Anders Nilsen, Adam Hines, Nora Krug, Travis Dandro, and Emil Ferris.
Notes
References
Works cited
External links
Lynd Ward Graphic Novel Prize
Bio at Rutgers University Libraries
"Silent Beauty" by Christopher Capozzola, In These Times, October 14, 2005
Columbus Museum of Art Lynd Ward's work Company Town (click on picture for larger version)
Lynd Ward on JVJ Publishing: Illustrators
Guide to the Lynd Ward papers at the University of Oregon
Lynd Ward's illustrations for Mary Shelley's Frankenstein
www.artistarchive.com A searchable catalogue listing of over 600 prints by this artist, many with images.
Comic artist and historian Art Spiegelman interviewed about the significance of Lynd Ward
Grant F. Scott, "Victor's Secret: Queer Gothic in Lynd Ward's Illustrations to Frankenstein (1934)" Word & Image 28 (April–June 2012): 206–232. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02666286.2012.687545
Lynd Ward discussed in Conversations from Penn State interview
1905 births
1985 deaths
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American novelists
American children's book illustrators
American engravers
American graphic novelists
American male novelists
American people of English descent
Artists from Chicago
Caldecott Medal winners
National Academy of Design members
People from Cresskill, New Jersey
Place of birth missing
Teachers College, Columbia University alumni
Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame inductees | [
"Lynd Kendall Ward (June 26, 1905 – June 28, 1985) was an American artist and novelist, known for his series of wordless novels using wood engraving, and his illustrations for juvenile and adult books.",
"His wordless novels have influenced the development of the graphic novel.",
"Strongly associated with his wood engravings, he also worked in watercolor, oil, brush and ink, lithography and mezzotint.",
"Ward was a son of Methodist minister and political organizer Harry F. Ward.",
"His most well known books are Gods' Man and his Caldecott-winning The Biggest Bear.",
"Early life \n\nLynd Kendall Ward was born on June 26, 1905, in Chicago, Illinois.",
"His father, Harry F. Ward, was born in Chiswick, England, in 1873; the elder Ward was a Methodist who moved to the United States in 1891 after reading the progressive Social Aspects of Christianity (1889) by Richard T. Ely.",
"He named his son after the rural town of Lyndhurst, located in the south coastal county of Hampshire, where he had lived for two years as a teenager prior to his emigration.",
"Ward's mother, Harriet May \"Daisy\" Kendall Ward, was born in Kansas City, Missouri, in 1873.",
"The couple met at Northwestern University in Chicago, Illinois, and were married in 1899.",
"Their first child, Gordon Hugh Ward, was born in June 1903, and a third, Muriel Ward, was born February 18, 1907.",
"Soon after birth, Ward developed tuberculosis; his parents took him north of Sault Ste.",
"Marie in Canada for several months to recover.",
"He partly recovered, and continued to suffer from symptoms of the disease throughout his childhood, as well as from inner ear and mastoid infections.",
"In the hope of improving his health, the family moved to Oak Park, Illinois, where his father became a pastor at the Euclid Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church.",
"Ward was early drawn to art, and decided to become an artist when his first-grade teacher told him that \"Ward\" spelled backward is \"draw\".",
"Having skipped a grade, Ward graduated from grammar school a year early in 1918.",
"The family moved to Englewood, New Jersey, and Ward entered Englewood High School, where he became art editor of the school newspaper and yearbook, and learned linoleum-block printing.",
"In 1922, he graduated with honors in art, mathematics, and debate.",
"Ward studied fine arts at Columbia Teachers College in New York.",
"He edited the Jester of Columbia, to which he contributed arts and crafts how-to articles.",
"His roommate arranged a blind date for Ward and May Yonge McNeer (1902–1994) in 1923; May had been the first female undergraduate at the University of Georgia in her freshman year.",
"The two married on June 11, 1926, shortly after their graduation, and left for Europe for their honeymoon.",
"After four months in eastern Europe, the couple settled in Leipzig in Germany for a year, where Ward studied as a special one-year student at the .",
"He learned etching from Alois Kolb, lithography from , and wood engraving from Hans Alexander \"Theodore\" Mueller; Ward was particularly influenced by Mueller.",
"Ward chanced across a copy of Flemish artist Frans Masereel's wordless novel The Sun (1919), a story told in sixty-three woodcuts without captions.",
"Career\nWard returned to the United States in September 1927, with a number of book publishers in his portfolio .",
"In 1928, his first commissioned work illustrated Dorothy Rowe's The Begging Deer: Stories of Japanese Children with eight brush drawings.",
"May helped with background research for the illustrations, and wrote another book of Japanese folk tales, Prince Bantam (1929), with illustrations by Ward.",
"Other work at the time included illustrations for the children's book Little Blacknose by Hildegarde Swift, and an illustrated edition of Oscar Wilde's poem \"Ballad of Reading Gaol\".",
"In 1929, Ward was inspired to create a wordless novel of his own after he came across German artist Otto Nückel's Destiny (1926).",
"The first American wordless novel, was published by Smith & Cape that October, the week before the Wall Street Crash of 1929; over the next four years, it sold more than 20,000 copies.",
"He made five more such works: Madman's Drum (1930), Wild Pilgrimage (1932), Prelude to a Million Years (1933), Song Without Words (1936), and Vertigo (1937).",
"In addition to woodcuts, Ward also worked in watercolor, oil, brush and ink, lithography and mezzotint.",
"Ward illustrated over a hundred children's books, several of which were collaborations with his wife, May.",
"Starting in 1938, Ward became a frequent illustrator of the Heritage Limited Editions Club's series of classic works.",
"He was well known for the political themes of his artwork, often addressing labor and class issues.",
"In 1932 he founded Equinox Cooperative Press.",
"He was a member of the Society of Illustrators, a member and President of the Society of American Graphic Artists (SAGA), and the National Academy of Design.",
"Ward lived with his wife in a home in Cresskill, New Jersey to which they added a studio for their work.",
"Death\nWard retired to his home in Reston, Virginia, in 1979.",
"He died on June 28, 1985, two days after his 80th birthday, predeceasing his wife.",
"Documentary\nIn celebration of the art and life of this American printmaker and illustrator, independent filmmaker Michael Maglaras of 217 Films produced a film titled O Brother Man: The Art and Life of Lynd Ward.",
"The documentary features an interview with the artist's daughter Robin Ward Savage, as well as more than 150 works from all periods of Ward's career.",
"The 94-minute documentary, culled from over seven hours of film and narrated by Maglaras, premiered at Penn State University Library's, Foster Auditorium, on April 20, 2012, where it was warmly received.",
"Penn State's Special Collections Library has also become the repository for much Lynd Ward material, and may continue to receive material from Ward family collections.",
"Awards\nHe won a number of awards, including a Library of Congress Award for wood engraving, the Caldecott Medal for The Biggest Bear in 1953 (with a runner-up for America's Ethan Allen in 1950), and a Rutgers University award for Distinguished Contribution to Children's Literature.",
"He also illustrated two Newbery Medal books and six runners-up.",
"In 2011, Ward was listed as a Judges' Choice for The Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame.",
"Novels in woodcuts \n\nWard is known for his wordless novels told entirely through dramatic wood engravings.",
"Ward's first work, (1929), uses a blend of Art Deco and Expressionist styles to tell the story of an artist's struggle with his craft, his seduction and subsequent abuse by money and power, his escape to innocence, and his unavoidable doom.",
"Ward, in employing the concept of the wordless pictorial narrative, acknowledged as his predecessors the European artists Frans Masereel and Otto Nückel.",
"Released the week of the 1929 stock market crash, would continue to exert influence well beyond the Depression era, becoming an important source of inspiration for Beat Generation poet Allen Ginsberg.",
"Ward produced six wood engraving novels over the next eight years, including:\n\n (1929)\n Madman's Drum (1930)\n Wild Pilgrimage (1932)\n Prelude to a Million Years (1933)\n Song Without Words (1936)\n Vertigo (1937)\n\nWard left one more wordless novel partially completed at the time of his death in 1985.",
"The 26 completed wood engravings (out of a planned total of 44) were published in a limited edition in 2001, under the title Lynd Ward's Last, Unfinished, Wordless Novel.",
"Other works \n\nIn 1930 Ward's wood engravings were used to illustrate Alec Waugh's travel book Hot Countries; in 1936 an edition of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein was published with illustrations by Ward.",
"Ward illustrated the 1942 children's book The Little Red Lighthouse and the Great Gray Bridge, with text by Hildegarde Swift.",
"His work on children's books also included his 1953 Caldecott Medal winning book The Biggest Bear, Nic of the Woods from 1965 which he wrote and illustrated, and his work on Esther Forbes' Johnny Tremain.",
"He also produced a wordless story for children, The Silver Pony, which is told entirely in black, white and shades of gray painted illustrations; it was published in 1973.",
"Ward's work included an awareness of the racial injustice to be found in the United States.",
"This is first apparent in the lynching scenes from Wild Pilgrimage and appears again in his drawings for North Star Shining: A Pictorial History of the American Negro, by Hildegarde Hoyt Swift, published in 1947.",
"Ward uses African American characters, as well as several different Native ones, in his book The Silver Pony.",
"Ward also illustrated Little Baptiste, My Friend Mac and The Wolf of Lamb's Lane which were all written by his wife, May McNeer.",
"In 1941 his illustrations were used in Great Ghost Stories of the World: The Haunted Omnibus, edited by Alexander Laing.",
"In 1974 Harry N. Abrams published Storyteller Without Words, a book that included Ward's six novels plus an assortment of his illustrations from other books.",
"Ward himself broke his silence and wrote brief prologues to each of his works.",
"In 2010, the Library of America published Lynd Ward: Six Novels in Woodcuts, with a new chronology of Ward's life and an introduction by Art Spiegelman.",
"Influence\n\nWard's work had an important influence on the work of later graphic artists such as Art Spiegelman, George Walker, Clifford Harper, Eric Drooker, Jarrett Heckbert, Steven McCabe and Megan Speers.",
"His works have been praised by R. Crumb, filmmaker Guillermo Del Toro, and Alan Moore.",
"Since 2011, Ward has been honored and his name has been attached to the prestigious annual Lynd Ward Graphic Novel Prize, which is sponsored by Penn State University Libraries and administered by the Pennsylvania Center for the Book, an affiliate of the Center for the Book at the US Library of Congress.",
"Previous winners of the Lynd Ward Prize—given in recognition of the best graphic novel or comic book, fiction or nonfiction, published in the previous calendar year by a living US or Canadian citizen or resident—have been Nick Sousanis, Jillian Tamaki, Mariko Tamaki, Jim Woodring, Chris Ware, Anders Nilsen, Adam Hines, Nora Krug, Travis Dandro, and Emil Ferris.",
"Notes\n\nReferences\n\nWorks cited\n\nExternal links\n Lynd Ward Graphic Novel Prize\n Bio at Rutgers University Libraries\n \"Silent Beauty\" by Christopher Capozzola, In These Times, October 14, 2005\n Columbus Museum of Art Lynd Ward's work Company Town (click on picture for larger version)\n Lynd Ward on JVJ Publishing: Illustrators\n Guide to the Lynd Ward papers at the University of Oregon\n Lynd Ward's illustrations for Mary Shelley's Frankenstein\n \n \n www.artistarchive.com A searchable catalogue listing of over 600 prints by this artist, many with images.",
"Comic artist and historian Art Spiegelman interviewed about the significance of Lynd Ward\n Grant F. Scott, \"Victor's Secret: Queer Gothic in Lynd Ward's Illustrations to Frankenstein (1934)\" Word & Image 28 (April–June 2012): 206–232.",
"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02666286.2012.687545\n Lynd Ward discussed in Conversations from Penn State interview\n\n1905 births\n1985 deaths\n20th-century American male writers\n20th-century American novelists\nAmerican children's book illustrators\nAmerican engravers\nAmerican graphic novelists\nAmerican male novelists\nAmerican people of English descent\nArtists from Chicago\nCaldecott Medal winners\nNational Academy of Design members\nPeople from Cresskill, New Jersey\nPlace of birth missing\nTeachers College, Columbia University alumni\nWill Eisner Award Hall of Fame inductees"
] | [
"The American artist and novelist, known for his series of wordless novels using wood engraving and his illustrations for juvenile and adult books, died on June 28, 1985.",
"The development of the graphic novel has been influenced by his novels.",
"He was associated with wood engravings and also worked in watercolors, oil, brush and ink.",
"Harry F. Ward was a Methodist minister.",
"His books include Gods' Man and The Biggest Bear.",
"He was born in Chicago, Illinois, on June 26, 1905.",
"The elder Ward was a Methodist who moved to the United States in 1891 after reading the Social Aspects of Christianity.",
"He named his son after the rural town of Lyndhurst in Hampshire, where he had lived as a teenager prior to his emigration.",
"Daisy Ward was born in Kansas City, Missouri, in 1873.",
"The couple were married in 1899.",
"Their first child, Gordon Hugh Ward, was born in June 1903, and their second child, Muriel Ward, was born in 1907.",
"Ward was taken north by his parents after he developed Tuberculosis.",
"For several months, Marie was in Canada.",
"He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217",
"In order to improve his health, the family moved to Oak Park, Illinois, where his father became a pastor.",
"When Ward was in first grade, his teacher told him that \"Ward\" spelled backward is \"draw\".",
"Ward graduated from school a year early because he missed a grade.",
"When the family moved to New Jersey, Ward became art editor of the school newspaper and learned linoleum-block printing.",
"He graduated with honors in art, mathematics, and debate.",
"At Columbia Teachers College, Ward studied fine arts.",
"The Jester of Columbia was edited by him.",
"May had been the first female undergraduate at the University of Georgia in her freshman year when her roommate arranged a blind date for Ward and May.",
"After graduation, the two married and left for Europe for their honeymoon.",
"After four months in eastern Europe, the couple moved to Germany, where Ward studied at the.",
"Ward was influenced by the work of Hans Alexander \"Theodore\" Muller.",
"A copy of Frans Masereel's novel The Sun was found by Ward.",
"Career Ward had a number of book publishers in his portfolio when he returned to the US in 1927.",
"His first work was a 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846",
"May wrote another book of Japanese folk tales with illustrations by Ward.",
"There were illustrations for the children's book Little Blacknose by Hildegarde Swift and an illustrated edition of Oscar Wilde's poem \"Ballad of Reading Gaol\".",
"Ward was inspired to create a wordless novel after reading Otto Nckel's \"Destiny\".",
"Smith & Cape published the first American wordless novel the week before the Wall Street Crash of 1929, and it sold more than 20,000 copies over the next four years.",
"Madman's Drum, Wild Pilgrimage, Prelude to a Million Years, and Song Without Words were written by him.",
"Ward also worked in watercolor, oil, brush and ink.",
"Ward and his wife, May, collaborated on several children's books.",
"Ward was a frequent illustrator of the HeritageLimited Editions Club's series of classic works.",
"He addressed labor and class issues in his artwork.",
"He founded Equinox Cooperative Press in the 20th century.",
"He was a member of several organizations, including the Society of Illustrators, the Society of American Graphic Artists, and the National Academy of Design.",
"Ward and his wife added a studio to their home in New Jersey.",
"Death Ward lived in Virginia in 1979.",
"He died two days after his 80th birthday.",
"In celebration of the art and life of this American printmaker and illustrator, independent filmmaker Michael Maglaras of 217 Films produced a film called O Brother Man: The Art and Life of Lynd Ward.",
"The documentary features an interview with the artist's daughter, as well as more than 150 works from all periods of Ward's career.",
"The 94-minute documentary, culled from over seven hours of film and narrated by Maglaras, was warmly received at Penn State University Library's, Foster Auditorium.",
"Penn State's Special Collections Library may continue to receive material from the Ward family collections.",
"He received several awards, including the Library of Congress Award for wood engraving, the Caldecott Medal for The Biggest Bear, and the Rutgers University award for distinguished contribution to children's literature.",
"Two Newbery Medal books were illustrated by him.",
"The Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame listed Ward as a Judges' Choice in 2011.",
"Ward's wordless novels are told through wood engravings.",
"The story of an artist's struggle with his craft, his seduction and subsequent abuse by money and power, his escape to innocence, and his unavoidable doom is told in Ward's first work.",
"The European artists Frans Masereel and Otto Nckel were acknowledged as his predecessors.",
"The week of the 1929 stock market crash was an important source of inspiration for Beat Generation poet Allen Ginsberg.",
"Ward produced six wood engraving novels over the next eight years.",
"The 26 completed wood engravings were published in a limited edition in 2001, under the title Last, Unfinished, Wordless Novel.",
"In 1930 Ward's wood engravings were used to illustrate Alec Waugh's travel book Hot Countries, and in 1936 an edition of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein was published with illustrations by Ward.",
"The Little Red Lighthouse and the Great Gray Bridge was illustrated by Ward.",
"His work on children's books included The Biggest Bear, Nic of the Woods, and his work on Esther Forbes' Johnny Tremain.",
"The Silver Pony, a wordless story for children, was published in 1973.",
"The awareness of the racial injustice to be found in the United States was included in Ward's work.",
"This can be seen in his drawings for North Star Shining: A pictorial History of the American Negro, published in 1947, as well as in the lynching scenes from Wild Pilgrimage.",
"African American and Native characters are used in Ward's book The Silver Pony.",
"The Wolf of Lamb's Lane was illustrated by Ward and was written by his wife, May.",
"Great Ghost Stories of the World: The Haunted Omnibus was published in 1941.",
"Storyteller Without Words was a book that included Ward's six novels and an assortment of his illustrations from other books.",
"Ward wrote short blurbs to each of his works.",
"The Library of America published a new biography of Ward in 2010, with an introduction by Art Spiegelman.",
"Influence Ward's work had an important influence on the work of other graphic artists.",
"His work has been praised by a number of people.",
"The annual Lynd Ward Graphic Novel Prize, which is sponsored by Penn State University Libraries and administered by the Pennsylvania Center for the Book, has attached Ward's name since 2011.",
"The best graphic novel or comic book, fiction or nonfiction, published in the previous calendar year by a living US or Canadian citizen or resident, has been awarded the previous winners of the Lynd Ward Prize.",
"\"Silent Beauty\" by Christopher Capozzola was cited as an External link at the Rutgers University Libraries.",
"Art Spiegelman is a comic artist and historian.",
"20th century American male writers and American children's book authors were discussed in Conversations from Penn State."
] | <mask> (June 26, 1905 – June 28, 1985) was an American artist and novelist, known for his series of wordless novels using wood engraving, and his illustrations for juvenile and adult books. His wordless novels have influenced the development of the graphic novel. Strongly associated with his wood engravings, he also worked in watercolor, oil, brush and ink, lithography and mezzotint. <mask> was a son of Methodist minister and political organizer Harry F<mask>. His most well known books are Gods' Man and his Caldecott-winning The Biggest Bear. Early life
<mask> was born on June 26, 1905, in Chicago, Illinois. His father, Harry F<mask>, was born in Chiswick, England, in 1873; the elder <mask> was a Methodist who moved to the United States in 1891 after reading the progressive Social Aspects of Christianity (1889) by Richard T. Ely.He named his son after the rural town of Lyndhurst, located in the south coastal county of Hampshire, where he had lived for two years as a teenager prior to his emigration. <mask>'s mother, Harriet May "Daisy" <mask>, was born in Kansas City, Missouri, in 1873. The couple met at Northwestern University in Chicago, Illinois, and were married in 1899. Their first child, Gordon Hugh <mask>, was born in June 1903, and a third, Muriel <mask>, was born February 18, 1907. Soon after birth, <mask> developed tuberculosis; his parents took him north of Sault Ste. Marie in Canada for several months to recover. He partly recovered, and continued to suffer from symptoms of the disease throughout his childhood, as well as from inner ear and mastoid infections.In the hope of improving his health, the family moved to Oak Park, Illinois, where his father became a pastor at the Euclid Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church. <mask> was early drawn to art, and decided to become an artist when his first-grade teacher told him that "<mask>" spelled backward is "draw". Having skipped a grade, <mask> graduated from grammar school a year early in 1918. The family moved to Englewood, New Jersey, and <mask> entered Englewood High School, where he became art editor of the school newspaper and yearbook, and learned linoleum-block printing. In 1922, he graduated with honors in art, mathematics, and debate. <mask> studied fine arts at Columbia Teachers College in New York. He edited the Jester of Columbia, to which he contributed arts and crafts how-to articles.His roommate arranged a blind date for <mask> and May Yonge McNeer (1902–1994) in 1923; May had been the first female undergraduate at the University of Georgia in her freshman year. The two married on June 11, 1926, shortly after their graduation, and left for Europe for their honeymoon. After four months in eastern Europe, the couple settled in Leipzig in Germany for a year, where <mask> studied as a special one-year student at the . He learned etching from Alois Kolb, lithography from , and wood engraving from Hans Alexander "Theodore" Mueller; <mask> was particularly influenced by Mueller. <mask> chanced across a copy of Flemish artist Frans Masereel's wordless novel The Sun (1919), a story told in sixty-three woodcuts without captions. Career
<mask> returned to the United States in September 1927, with a number of book publishers in his portfolio . In 1928, his first commissioned work illustrated Dorothy Rowe's The Begging Deer: Stories of Japanese Children with eight brush drawings.May helped with background research for the illustrations, and wrote another book of Japanese folk tales, Prince Bantam (1929), with illustrations by <mask>. Other work at the time included illustrations for the children's book Little Blacknose by Hildegarde Swift, and an illustrated edition of Oscar Wilde's poem "Ballad of Reading Gaol". In 1929, <mask> was inspired to create a wordless novel of his own after he came across German artist Otto Nückel's Destiny (1926). The first American wordless novel, was published by Smith & Cape that October, the week before the Wall Street Crash of 1929; over the next four years, it sold more than 20,000 copies. He made five more such works: Madman's Drum (1930), Wild Pilgrimage (1932), Prelude to a Million Years (1933), Song Without Words (1936), and Vertigo (1937). In addition to woodcuts, <mask> also worked in watercolor, oil, brush and ink, lithography and mezzotint. <mask> illustrated over a hundred children's books, several of which were collaborations with his wife, May.Starting in 1938, <mask> became a frequent illustrator of the Heritage Limited Editions Club's series of classic works. He was well known for the political themes of his artwork, often addressing labor and class issues. In 1932 he founded Equinox Cooperative Press. He was a member of the Society of Illustrators, a member and President of the Society of American Graphic Artists (SAGA), and the National Academy of Design. <mask> lived with his wife in a home in Cresskill, New Jersey to which they added a studio for their work. <mask> retired to his home in Reston, Virginia, in 1979. He died on June 28, 1985, two days after his 80th birthday, predeceasing his wife.Documentary
In celebration of the art and life of this American printmaker and illustrator, independent filmmaker Michael Maglaras of 217 Films produced a film titled O Brother Man: The Art and Life of Lynd <mask>. The documentary features an interview with the artist's daughter <mask> Savage, as well as more than 150 works from all periods of <mask>'s career. The 94-minute documentary, culled from over seven hours of film and narrated by Maglaras, premiered at Penn State University Library's, Foster Auditorium, on April 20, 2012, where it was warmly received. Penn State's Special Collections Library has also become the repository for much Lynd <mask> material, and may continue to receive material from <mask> family collections. Awards
He won a number of awards, including a Library of Congress Award for wood engraving, the Caldecott Medal for The Biggest Bear in 1953 (with a runner-up for America's Ethan Allen in 1950), and a Rutgers University award for Distinguished Contribution to Children's Literature. He also illustrated two Newbery Medal books and six runners-up. In 2011, <mask> was listed as a Judges' Choice for The Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame.Novels in woodcuts
<mask> is known for his wordless novels told entirely through dramatic wood engravings. <mask>'s first work, (1929), uses a blend of Art Deco and Expressionist styles to tell the story of an artist's struggle with his craft, his seduction and subsequent abuse by money and power, his escape to innocence, and his unavoidable doom. <mask>, in employing the concept of the wordless pictorial narrative, acknowledged as his predecessors the European artists Frans Masereel and Otto Nückel. Released the week of the 1929 stock market crash, would continue to exert influence well beyond the Depression era, becoming an important source of inspiration for Beat Generation poet Allen Ginsberg. <mask> produced six wood engraving novels over the next eight years, including:
(1929)
Madman's Drum (1930)
Wild Pilgrimage (1932)
Prelude to a Million Years (1933)
Song Without Words (1936)
Vertigo (1937)
<mask> left one more wordless novel partially completed at the time of his death in 1985. The 26 completed wood engravings (out of a planned total of 44) were published in a limited edition in 2001, under the title Lynd <mask>'s Last, Unfinished, Wordless Novel. Other works
In 1930 <mask>'s wood engravings were used to illustrate Alec Waugh's travel book Hot Countries; in 1936 an edition of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein was published with illustrations by <mask>.<mask> illustrated the 1942 children's book The Little Red Lighthouse and the Great Gray Bridge, with text by Hildegarde Swift. His work on children's books also included his 1953 Caldecott Medal winning book The Biggest Bear, Nic of the Woods from 1965 which he wrote and illustrated, and his work on Esther Forbes' Johnny Tremain. He also produced a wordless story for children, The Silver Pony, which is told entirely in black, white and shades of gray painted illustrations; it was published in 1973. <mask>'s work included an awareness of the racial injustice to be found in the United States. This is first apparent in the lynching scenes from Wild Pilgrimage and appears again in his drawings for North Star Shining: A Pictorial History of the American Negro, by Hildegarde Hoyt Swift, published in 1947. <mask> uses African American characters, as well as several different Native ones, in his book The Silver Pony. <mask> also illustrated Little Baptiste, My Friend Mac and The Wolf of Lamb's Lane which were all written by his wife, May McNeer.In 1941 his illustrations were used in Great Ghost Stories of the World: The Haunted Omnibus, edited by Alexander Laing. In 1974 Harry N. Abrams published Storyteller Without Words, a book that included <mask>'s six novels plus an assortment of his illustrations from other books. <mask> himself broke his silence and wrote brief prologues to each of his works. In 2010, the Library of America published Lynd Ward: Six Novels in Woodcuts, with a new chronology of <mask>'s life and an introduction by Art Spiegelman. Influence
<mask>'s work had an important influence on the work of later graphic artists such as Art Spiegelman, George Walker, Clifford Harper, Eric Drooker, Jarrett Heckbert, Steven McCabe and Megan Speers. His works have been praised by R. Crumb, filmmaker Guillermo Del Toro, and Alan Moore. Since 2011, <mask> has been honored and his name has been attached to the prestigious annual Lynd Ward Graphic Novel Prize, which is sponsored by Penn State University Libraries and administered by the Pennsylvania Center for the Book, an affiliate of the Center for the Book at the US Library of Congress.Previous winners of the Lynd Ward Prize—given in recognition of the best graphic novel or comic book, fiction or nonfiction, published in the previous calendar year by a living US or Canadian citizen or resident—have been Nick Sousanis, Jillian Tamaki, Mariko Tamaki, Jim Woodring, Chris Ware, Anders Nilsen, Adam Hines, Nora Krug, Travis Dandro, and Emil Ferris. Notes
References
Works cited
External links
Lynd Ward Graphic Novel Prize
Bio at Rutgers University Libraries
"Silent Beauty" by Christopher Capozzola, In These Times, October 14, 2005
Columbus Museum of Art Lynd <mask>'s work Company Town (click on picture for larger version)
Lynd Ward on JVJ Publishing: Illustrators
Guide to the Lynd Ward papers at the University of Oregon
Lynd Ward's illustrations for Mary Shelley's Frankenstein
www.artistarchive.com A searchable catalogue listing of over 600 prints by this artist, many with images. Comic artist and historian Art Spiegelman interviewed about the significance of Lynd <mask>
Grant F. Scott, "Victor's Secret: Queer Gothic in Lynd <mask>'s Illustrations to Frankenstein (1934)" Word & Image 28 (April–June 2012): 206–232. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02666286.2012.687545
Lynd Ward discussed in Conversations from Penn State interview
1905 births
1985 deaths
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American novelists
American children's book illustrators
American engravers
American graphic novelists
American male novelists
American people of English descent
Artists from Chicago
Caldecott Medal winners
National Academy of Design members
People from Cresskill, New Jersey
Place of birth missing
Teachers College, Columbia University alumni
Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame inductees | [
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] | The American artist and novelist, known for his series of wordless novels using wood engraving and his illustrations for juvenile and adult books, died on June 28, 1985. The development of the graphic novel has been influenced by his novels. He was associated with wood engravings and also worked in watercolors, oil, brush and ink. Harry F<mask> was a Methodist minister. His books include Gods' Man and The Biggest Bear. He was born in Chicago, Illinois, on June 26, 1905. The elder <mask> was a Methodist who moved to the United States in 1891 after reading the Social Aspects of Christianity.He named his son after the rural town of Lyndhurst in Hampshire, where he had lived as a teenager prior to his emigration. <mask> was born in Kansas City, Missouri, in 1873. The couple were married in 1899. Their first child, Gordon Hugh <mask>, was born in June 1903, and their second child, Muriel <mask>, was born in 1907. <mask> was taken north by his parents after he developed Tuberculosis. For several months, Marie was in Canada. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217In order to improve his health, the family moved to Oak Park, Illinois, where his father became a pastor. When <mask> was in first grade, his teacher told him that "<mask>" spelled backward is "draw". <mask> graduated from school a year early because he missed a grade. When the family moved to New Jersey, <mask> became art editor of the school newspaper and learned linoleum-block printing. He graduated with honors in art, mathematics, and debate. At Columbia Teachers College, <mask> studied fine arts. The Jester of Columbia was edited by him.May had been the first female undergraduate at the University of Georgia in her freshman year when her roommate arranged a blind date for <mask> and May. After graduation, the two married and left for Europe for their honeymoon. After four months in eastern Europe, the couple moved to Germany, where <mask> studied at the. <mask> was influenced by the work of Hans Alexander "Theodore" Muller. A copy of Frans Masereel's novel The Sun was found by <mask>. <mask> had a number of book publishers in his portfolio when he returned to the US in 1927. His first work was a 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846May wrote another book of Japanese folk tales with illustrations by <mask>. There were illustrations for the children's book Little Blacknose by Hildegarde Swift and an illustrated edition of Oscar Wilde's poem "Ballad of Reading Gaol". <mask> was inspired to create a wordless novel after reading Otto Nckel's "Destiny". Smith & Cape published the first American wordless novel the week before the Wall Street Crash of 1929, and it sold more than 20,000 copies over the next four years. Madman's Drum, Wild Pilgrimage, Prelude to a Million Years, and Song Without Words were written by him. <mask> also worked in watercolor, oil, brush and ink. <mask> and his wife, May, collaborated on several children's books.<mask> was a frequent illustrator of the HeritageLimited Editions Club's series of classic works. He addressed labor and class issues in his artwork. He founded Equinox Cooperative Press in the 20th century. He was a member of several organizations, including the Society of Illustrators, the Society of American Graphic Artists, and the National Academy of Design. <mask> and his wife added a studio to their home in New Jersey. <mask> lived in Virginia in 1979. He died two days after his 80th birthday.In celebration of the art and life of this American printmaker and illustrator, independent filmmaker Michael Maglaras of 217 Films produced a film called O Brother Man: The Art and Life of Lynd <mask>. The documentary features an interview with the artist's daughter, as well as more than 150 works from all periods of <mask>'s career. The 94-minute documentary, culled from over seven hours of film and narrated by Maglaras, was warmly received at Penn State University Library's, Foster Auditorium. Penn State's Special Collections Library may continue to receive material from the <mask> family collections. He received several awards, including the Library of Congress Award for wood engraving, the Caldecott Medal for The Biggest Bear, and the Rutgers University award for distinguished contribution to children's literature. Two Newbery Medal books were illustrated by him. The Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame listed <mask> as a Judges' Choice in 2011.<mask>'s wordless novels are told through wood engravings. The story of an artist's struggle with his craft, his seduction and subsequent abuse by money and power, his escape to innocence, and his unavoidable doom is told in <mask>'s first work. The European artists Frans Masereel and Otto Nckel were acknowledged as his predecessors. The week of the 1929 stock market crash was an important source of inspiration for Beat Generation poet Allen Ginsberg. <mask> produced six wood engraving novels over the next eight years. The 26 completed wood engravings were published in a limited edition in 2001, under the title Last, Unfinished, Wordless Novel. In 1930 <mask>'s wood engravings were used to illustrate Alec Waugh's travel book Hot Countries, and in 1936 an edition of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein was published with illustrations by <mask>.The Little Red Lighthouse and the Great Gray Bridge was illustrated by <mask>. His work on children's books included The Biggest Bear, Nic of the Woods, and his work on Esther Forbes' Johnny Tremain. The Silver Pony, a wordless story for children, was published in 1973. The awareness of the racial injustice to be found in the United States was included in <mask>'s work. This can be seen in his drawings for North Star Shining: A pictorial History of the American Negro, published in 1947, as well as in the lynching scenes from Wild Pilgrimage. African American and Native characters are used in <mask>'s book The Silver Pony. The Wolf of Lamb's Lane was illustrated by <mask> and was written by his wife, May.Great Ghost Stories of the World: The Haunted Omnibus was published in 1941. Storyteller Without Words was a book that included <mask>'s six novels and an assortment of his illustrations from other books. <mask> wrote short blurbs to each of his works. The Library of America published a new biography of <mask> in 2010, with an introduction by Art Spiegelman. Influence <mask>'s work had an important influence on the work of other graphic artists. His work has been praised by a number of people. The annual Lynd Ward Graphic Novel Prize, which is sponsored by Penn State University Libraries and administered by the Pennsylvania Center for the Book, has attached <mask>'s name since 2011.The best graphic novel or comic book, fiction or nonfiction, published in the previous calendar year by a living US or Canadian citizen or resident, has been awarded the previous winners of the Lynd Ward Prize. "Silent Beauty" by Christopher Capozzola was cited as an External link at the Rutgers University Libraries. Art Spiegelman is a comic artist and historian. 20th century American male writers and American children's book authors were discussed in Conversations from Penn State. | [
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36171397 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin%20Ratushniak | Colin Ratushniak | Colin Ratushniak (born 18 August 1985) is a Canadian professional ice skater and politician who appeared in the TV show Dancing on Ice in 2011, with celebrity skating partner Laura Hamilton. In September 2012, Ratushniak attained a two-year visa and moved to the UK to concentrate on building a career in TV production. In November 2020, he was elected the mayor of the town of La Ronge, Saskatchewan.
Background
Born in Gillam, Manitoba in Canada, Ratushniak began skating at the age of two. He played ice hockey until he was 12 years old, at which point he began making the transition from hockey player to ice skater. When his family moved to Brandon, he continued training and began his competitive career.
Competitive career
From 1998 to 2002, Ratushniak reigned as the province of Manitoba's men's novice champion. He also won a pre-novice bronze medal at the Junior National Championships in 2000.
Professional skating career
2003–2010
In 2003, after graduating from high school, Ratushniak turned professional and joined Feld Entertainment to skate in the critically acclaimed Disney on Ice productions, touring the UK in 2008 with the show "High School Musical." For the next 8 years he continued to tour, working with illustrious names such as Rand Productions and Karen Kresge Productions, to date performing in over 50 countries and 500 major cities across 5 continents. During this time he also developed his skills as a pairs skater, pairing up with Amanda Frank and Isabelle Gauthier. In 2010, at age 24, Ratushniak performed his first backflip on the ice.
2011
Dancing on Ice
In January 2011, Ratushniak took his first foray into the world of prime time TV when he appeared as a professional skater in series 6 of the UK TV show Dancing on Ice with celebrity partner, Laura Hamilton and the couple were early favourites to win the series. They eventually finished runners up in the series to Brianne Delcourt and Sam Attwater and went on to perform in cities across the UK with the Dancing on Ice Live Tour.
Performances/results
Beyond Broadway
In August and September 2011, Ratushniak performed alongside Olympic figure skating champion Joannie Rochette in the show Beyond Broadway at the Canadian National Exhibition (CNE). Performing with professional partner Isabelle Gauthier, they skated to the song "Seasons of Love" from the Broadway musical Rent, as well as joining the rest of cast for other routines.
Tropicana – The Passion Tour
The end of 2011 and the beginning of 2012 saw Ratushniak performing in the Holiday on Ice show, Tropicana. Running from December 2011 until February 2012 across The Netherlands and the UK, the show was created and choreographed by Olympic champion Robin Cousins MBE and featured music from singer Barry Manilow. The show premiered in Eindhoven and went on to play in Amsterdam, Maastricht, Utrecht, Zwolle, Brighton, Peterborough, Cardiff and Exeter.
2012
Skating on Broadway
In March 2012, Ratushniak travelled to Irapuato in Mexico to perform in the Ucha Atayde Entertainment production of Skating on Broadway. The show's cast performed to a selection of songs from Broadway musicals with Ratushniak taking the starring role in the sections for Rent and Lion King. He returned to Mexico in April 2012 and again in June 2012 this time performing the show in the cities of Villahermosa and Durango respectively. During the latter period he took on the additional role of Company Manager, responsible for co-ordinating all aspects of the show's production.
Quebec club shows
In between his shows in Mexico, Ratushniak joined forces with pro partner Isabelle Gauthier once again to perform as guests in the Annual Gala shows of skating clubs in Quebec. As well as their Seasons of Love routine from the show Beyond Broadway, Ratushniak and Gauthier performed a new routine that they'd choreographed especially for the shows, skating to the song "Moves Like Jagger". The shows took place at skating clubs in Charny, Abénakis and Lac-Mégantic.
Rock on Ice
In April 2012 and again in June 2012 Ratushniak performed in the production of Rock on Ice, a show which ran alongside the production Skating on Broadway. He joined the cast for the show's run in the cities of Villahermosa and Durango in Mexico performing as both a soloist and member of the ensemble to songs from rock legends including ZZ Top, Van Halen, Pink Floyd and Queen. His role as Company Manager whilst in Durango encompassed both shows.
Kyran Bracken's Ice Party
After moving to the UK permanently in September 2012, Ratushniak performed for the first time with professional skater, Patti Petrus, at Kyran's Bracken's Ice Party in Blackpool. The show took place from 1 to 3 November with Ratushniak and Petrus skating pairs routines alongside other professional skaters Karen Barber, Daniel Whiston and Brianne Delcourt.
Stars on Ice Australia
In November 2012 Ratushniak travelled to Singapore to perform in the Stars on Ice Australia Christmas Gala shows which took place in Novena Square. He performed in the show as a soloist as well as pairs. The show ran from 24 November until 23 December.
2013
Celebrities on Ice
Performing alongside TV personality Chico Slimani, England Rugby legend Kyran Bracken, West End star Ray Quinn and the world-famous Russian Ice Stars, Ratushniak starred in the show Celebrities on Ice in January 2013. Held at Peterborough Arena from 25 to 27 January, the show was hosted by celebrity Christopher Biggins. The show subsequently embarked on a UK nationwide arena tour from April until June 2013 where he performed alongside Dancing on Ice celebrities Beth Tweddle, Matthew Lapinskas and Gareth Thomas and professional skaters Daniel Whiston, Brianne Delcourt and Jenna Nicole Smith.
Stars on Ice Australia
Ratushniak ended the year with a return to Singapore to perform once again at the Velocity Christmas shows held in Novena Square. The show, produced by Stars on Ice Australia, ran from 26 November to 22 December and featured a mix of popular music and classic Christmas songs performed by a cast of three professional skaters.
2014
Skate in the City
Taking place at Broadgate Ice Rink and hosted by Southend Airport, Ratushniak performed alongside English rugby player and Dancing on Ice star Kyran Bracken,
X factor contestant Chico, Eastenders and Dancing on Ice contestant Matt Lapinskas, and the Russian Ice Stars in a one-off outdoor event, Skate in the City.
Val-Bélair Gala Show
Ratushniak was reunited with pro skating partner Isabelle Gauthier on 5 April to perform at the Val-Bélair Gala Show in Quebec. The pair skated their Seasons of Love and Moves Like Jagger routines at the show; the first they had paired up for since March 2013.
Filmography
TV production
Other interests
As well as being a professional ice skater, Ratushniak is also a qualified pilot and licensed property developer.
Ratushniak was elected mayor of the northern town of La Ronge, Saskatchewan in November 2020, making him the first openly gay mayor in La Ronge's history.
References
External links
Riverlight Talent Inc
Colin Ratushniak backflip
1985 births
Gay politicians
Gay sportsmen
LGBT figure skaters
LGBT mayors of places in Canada
Living people
Canadian male single skaters
Sportspeople from Manitoba
LGBT sportspeople from Canada
Mayors of places in Saskatchewan
21st-century LGBT people | [
"Colin Ratushniak (born 18 August 1985) is a Canadian professional ice skater and politician who appeared in the TV show Dancing on Ice in 2011, with celebrity skating partner Laura Hamilton.",
"In September 2012, Ratushniak attained a two-year visa and moved to the UK to concentrate on building a career in TV production.",
"In November 2020, he was elected the mayor of the town of La Ronge, Saskatchewan.",
"Background\nBorn in Gillam, Manitoba in Canada, Ratushniak began skating at the age of two.",
"He played ice hockey until he was 12 years old, at which point he began making the transition from hockey player to ice skater.",
"When his family moved to Brandon, he continued training and began his competitive career.",
"Competitive career\nFrom 1998 to 2002, Ratushniak reigned as the province of Manitoba's men's novice champion.",
"He also won a pre-novice bronze medal at the Junior National Championships in 2000.",
"Professional skating career\n\n2003–2010\nIn 2003, after graduating from high school, Ratushniak turned professional and joined Feld Entertainment to skate in the critically acclaimed Disney on Ice productions, touring the UK in 2008 with the show \"High School Musical.\"",
"For the next 8 years he continued to tour, working with illustrious names such as Rand Productions and Karen Kresge Productions, to date performing in over 50 countries and 500 major cities across 5 continents.",
"During this time he also developed his skills as a pairs skater, pairing up with Amanda Frank and Isabelle Gauthier.",
"In 2010, at age 24, Ratushniak performed his first backflip on the ice.",
"2011\n\nDancing on Ice\nIn January 2011, Ratushniak took his first foray into the world of prime time TV when he appeared as a professional skater in series 6 of the UK TV show Dancing on Ice with celebrity partner, Laura Hamilton and the couple were early favourites to win the series.",
"They eventually finished runners up in the series to Brianne Delcourt and Sam Attwater and went on to perform in cities across the UK with the Dancing on Ice Live Tour.",
"Performances/results\n\nBeyond Broadway\nIn August and September 2011, Ratushniak performed alongside Olympic figure skating champion Joannie Rochette in the show Beyond Broadway at the Canadian National Exhibition (CNE).",
"Performing with professional partner Isabelle Gauthier, they skated to the song \"Seasons of Love\" from the Broadway musical Rent, as well as joining the rest of cast for other routines.",
"Tropicana – The Passion Tour\nThe end of 2011 and the beginning of 2012 saw Ratushniak performing in the Holiday on Ice show, Tropicana.",
"Running from December 2011 until February 2012 across The Netherlands and the UK, the show was created and choreographed by Olympic champion Robin Cousins MBE and featured music from singer Barry Manilow.",
"The show premiered in Eindhoven and went on to play in Amsterdam, Maastricht, Utrecht, Zwolle, Brighton, Peterborough, Cardiff and Exeter.",
"2012\n\nSkating on Broadway\nIn March 2012, Ratushniak travelled to Irapuato in Mexico to perform in the Ucha Atayde Entertainment production of Skating on Broadway.",
"The show's cast performed to a selection of songs from Broadway musicals with Ratushniak taking the starring role in the sections for Rent and Lion King.",
"He returned to Mexico in April 2012 and again in June 2012 this time performing the show in the cities of Villahermosa and Durango respectively.",
"During the latter period he took on the additional role of Company Manager, responsible for co-ordinating all aspects of the show's production.",
"Quebec club shows\nIn between his shows in Mexico, Ratushniak joined forces with pro partner Isabelle Gauthier once again to perform as guests in the Annual Gala shows of skating clubs in Quebec.",
"As well as their Seasons of Love routine from the show Beyond Broadway, Ratushniak and Gauthier performed a new routine that they'd choreographed especially for the shows, skating to the song \"Moves Like Jagger\".",
"The shows took place at skating clubs in Charny, Abénakis and Lac-Mégantic.",
"Rock on Ice\nIn April 2012 and again in June 2012 Ratushniak performed in the production of Rock on Ice, a show which ran alongside the production Skating on Broadway.",
"He joined the cast for the show's run in the cities of Villahermosa and Durango in Mexico performing as both a soloist and member of the ensemble to songs from rock legends including ZZ Top, Van Halen, Pink Floyd and Queen.",
"His role as Company Manager whilst in Durango encompassed both shows.",
"Kyran Bracken's Ice Party\nAfter moving to the UK permanently in September 2012, Ratushniak performed for the first time with professional skater, Patti Petrus, at Kyran's Bracken's Ice Party in Blackpool.",
"The show took place from 1 to 3 November with Ratushniak and Petrus skating pairs routines alongside other professional skaters Karen Barber, Daniel Whiston and Brianne Delcourt.",
"Stars on Ice Australia\nIn November 2012 Ratushniak travelled to Singapore to perform in the Stars on Ice Australia Christmas Gala shows which took place in Novena Square.",
"He performed in the show as a soloist as well as pairs.",
"The show ran from 24 November until 23 December.",
"2013\n\nCelebrities on Ice\nPerforming alongside TV personality Chico Slimani, England Rugby legend Kyran Bracken, West End star Ray Quinn and the world-famous Russian Ice Stars, Ratushniak starred in the show Celebrities on Ice in January 2013.",
"Held at Peterborough Arena from 25 to 27 January, the show was hosted by celebrity Christopher Biggins.",
"The show subsequently embarked on a UK nationwide arena tour from April until June 2013 where he performed alongside Dancing on Ice celebrities Beth Tweddle, Matthew Lapinskas and Gareth Thomas and professional skaters Daniel Whiston, Brianne Delcourt and Jenna Nicole Smith.",
"Stars on Ice Australia\nRatushniak ended the year with a return to Singapore to perform once again at the Velocity Christmas shows held in Novena Square.",
"The show, produced by Stars on Ice Australia, ran from 26 November to 22 December and featured a mix of popular music and classic Christmas songs performed by a cast of three professional skaters.",
"2014\n\nSkate in the City\nTaking place at Broadgate Ice Rink and hosted by Southend Airport, Ratushniak performed alongside English rugby player and Dancing on Ice star Kyran Bracken, \nX factor contestant Chico, Eastenders and Dancing on Ice contestant Matt Lapinskas, and the Russian Ice Stars in a one-off outdoor event, Skate in the City.",
"Val-Bélair Gala Show\nRatushniak was reunited with pro skating partner Isabelle Gauthier on 5 April to perform at the Val-Bélair Gala Show in Quebec.",
"The pair skated their Seasons of Love and Moves Like Jagger routines at the show; the first they had paired up for since March 2013.",
"Filmography\n\nTV production\n\nOther interests\nAs well as being a professional ice skater, Ratushniak is also a qualified pilot and licensed property developer.",
"Ratushniak was elected mayor of the northern town of La Ronge, Saskatchewan in November 2020, making him the first openly gay mayor in La Ronge's history.",
"References\n\nExternal links\nRiverlight Talent Inc\nColin Ratushniak backflip\n\n1985 births\nGay politicians\nGay sportsmen\nLGBT figure skaters\nLGBT mayors of places in Canada\nLiving people\nCanadian male single skaters\nSportspeople from Manitoba\nLGBT sportspeople from Canada\nMayors of places in Saskatchewan\n21st-century LGBT people"
] | [
"Colin Ratushniak is a Canadian ice skater and politician who appeared in the TV show Dancing on Ice in 2011.",
"Ratushniak moved to the UK to build a career in TV production after obtaining a two-year visa.",
"He was elected the mayor of La Ronge in November 2020.",
"Ratushniak began skating at the age of two.",
"He transitioned from a hockey player to an ice skater when he was 12 years old.",
"He began his competitive career when his family moved to Brandon.",
"Ratushniak was the province's men's novice champion from 1998 to 2002.",
"He won a pre-novice bronze medal at the Junior National Championships.",
"After graduating from high school, Ratushniak became a professional skater and toured with the show \"High School Musical\" in the UK.",
"He continued to tour for the next 8 years, performing in over 50 countries and 500 major cities across 5 continents.",
"He developed his skills as a pairs skater during this time.",
"Ratushniak performed his first backflip on ice at the age of 24.",
"When he appeared as a professional skater in series 6 of the UK TV show Dancing on Ice with celebrity partner, Laura Hamilton, they were early favorites to win the series.",
"They went on to perform in cities across the UK with the Dancing on Ice Live Tour after finishing runners up in the series.",
"The show Beyond Broadway was presented at the Canadian National Exhibition in August and September of 2011.",
"They joined the rest of the cast for other routines while skating to the song \"Seasons of Love\" from the Broadway musical Rent.",
"Ratushniak performed in the Holiday on Ice show at the end of 2011.",
"The show featured music from Barry Manilow and was performed in The Netherlands and the UK.",
"The show went on to play in a number of places.",
"The Ucha Atayde Entertainment production of Skating on Broadway was performed in March of 2012 in Irapuato, Mexico.",
"A selection of songs from Broadway musicals were performed by the cast of the show.",
"He returned to Mexico in April 2012 and again in June 2012 and performed in the cities of Villahermosa and Durango.",
"The Company Manager was responsible for co-ordinating all aspects of the show's production.",
"In between his shows in Mexico, Ratushniak joined forces with Gauthier once again to perform as guests in the Annual Gala shows of skating clubs in Quebec.",
"As well as their Seasons of Love routine from the show Beyond Broadway, Ratushniak and Gauthier performed a new routine that they had choreographed for the shows.",
"Skaters performed at skating clubs in Charny, Abénakis and Lac-Mégantic.",
"In April and June of 2012 Ratushniak performed in Rock on Ice, a show which ran alongside Skating on Broadway.",
"He joined the cast for the show's run in the cities of Villahermosa and Durango in Mexico performing as both a soloist and member of the ensemble to songs from rock legends including ZZ Top, Van Halen, Pink Floyd and Queen.",
"He was the company manager in both shows.",
"Ratushniak performed for the first time with a professional skater at a party after moving to the UK permanently.",
"The show took place from 1 to 3 November and featured skating pairs routines with other professional skaters.",
"In November 2012 Ratushniak traveled to Singapore to perform in the Stars on Ice Australia Christmas Gala shows.",
"He was a soloist in the show.",
"The show ended on 23 December.",
"The show Celebrities on Ice featured TV personality Chico Slimani, England Rugby legend Kyran Bracken, West End star Ray Quinn and the world-famous Russian Ice Stars.",
"Christopher Biggins hosted the show at the arena.",
"The show embarked on a UK nationwide arena tour from April until June of last year where he performed with Dancing on Ice celebrities and professional skaters.",
"Stars on Ice Australia Ratushniak performed at the Christmas shows in Novena Square in Singapore for the third year in a row.",
"The show, produced by Stars on Ice Australia, featured a mix of popular music and classic Christmas songs performed by a cast of three professional skaters.",
"Dancing on Ice contestant Matt Lapinskas and the Russian Ice Stars were in attendance at the skate in the city.",
"Ratushniak and Gauthier performed at the Val-Bélair Gala Show in Quebec on April 5.",
"They performed their Seasons of Love and Moves Like Jagger routines for the first time in over a year at the show.",
"As well as being a professional ice skater, Ratushniak is also a qualified pilot and licensed property developer.",
"The first openly gay mayor in La Ronge's history was elected in November 2020.",
"References External links Riverlight Talent Inc Colin Ratushniak backflip 1985 births Gay politicians Gay sportsmen LGBT figure skaters LGBT mayors of places in Canada"
] | <mask> (born 18 August 1985) is a Canadian professional ice skater and politician who appeared in the TV show Dancing on Ice in 2011, with celebrity skating partner Laura Hamilton. In September 2012, Ratushniak attained a two-year visa and moved to the UK to concentrate on building a career in TV production. In November 2020, he was elected the mayor of the town of La Ronge, Saskatchewan. Background
Born in Gillam, Manitoba in Canada, Ratushniak began skating at the age of two. He played ice hockey until he was 12 years old, at which point he began making the transition from hockey player to ice skater. When his family moved to Brandon, he continued training and began his competitive career. Competitive career
From 1998 to 2002, Ratushniak reigned as the province of Manitoba's men's novice champion.He also won a pre-novice bronze medal at the Junior National Championships in 2000. Professional skating career
2003–2010
In 2003, after graduating from high school, Ratushniak turned professional and joined Feld Entertainment to skate in the critically acclaimed Disney on Ice productions, touring the UK in 2008 with the show "High School Musical." For the next 8 years he continued to tour, working with illustrious names such as Rand Productions and Karen Kresge Productions, to date performing in over 50 countries and 500 major cities across 5 continents. During this time he also developed his skills as a pairs skater, pairing up with Amanda Frank and Isabelle Gauthier. In 2010, at age 24, Ratushniak performed his first backflip on the ice. 2011
Dancing on Ice
In January 2011, Ratushniak took his first foray into the world of prime time TV when he appeared as a professional skater in series 6 of the UK TV show Dancing on Ice with celebrity partner, Laura Hamilton and the couple were early favourites to win the series. They eventually finished runners up in the series to Brianne Delcourt and Sam Attwater and went on to perform in cities across the UK with the Dancing on Ice Live Tour.Performances/results
Beyond Broadway
In August and September 2011, Ratushniak performed alongside Olympic figure skating champion Joannie Rochette in the show Beyond Broadway at the Canadian National Exhibition (CNE). Performing with professional partner Isabelle Gauthier, they skated to the song "Seasons of Love" from the Broadway musical Rent, as well as joining the rest of cast for other routines. Tropicana – The Passion Tour
The end of 2011 and the beginning of 2012 saw Ratushniak performing in the Holiday on Ice show, Tropicana. Running from December 2011 until February 2012 across The Netherlands and the UK, the show was created and choreographed by Olympic champion Robin Cousins MBE and featured music from singer Barry Manilow. The show premiered in Eindhoven and went on to play in Amsterdam, Maastricht, Utrecht, Zwolle, Brighton, Peterborough, Cardiff and Exeter. 2012
Skating on Broadway
In March 2012, Ratushniak travelled to Irapuato in Mexico to perform in the Ucha Atayde Entertainment production of Skating on Broadway. The show's cast performed to a selection of songs from Broadway musicals with Ratushniak taking the starring role in the sections for Rent and Lion King.He returned to Mexico in April 2012 and again in June 2012 this time performing the show in the cities of Villahermosa and Durango respectively. During the latter period he took on the additional role of Company Manager, responsible for co-ordinating all aspects of the show's production. Quebec club shows
In between his shows in Mexico, Ratushniak joined forces with pro partner Isabelle Gauthier once again to perform as guests in the Annual Gala shows of skating clubs in Quebec. As well as their Seasons of Love routine from the show Beyond Broadway, Ratushniak and Gauthier performed a new routine that they'd choreographed especially for the shows, skating to the song "Moves Like Jagger". The shows took place at skating clubs in Charny, Abénakis and Lac-Mégantic. Rock on Ice
In April 2012 and again in June 2012 Ratushniak performed in the production of Rock on Ice, a show which ran alongside the production Skating on Broadway. He joined the cast for the show's run in the cities of Villahermosa and Durango in Mexico performing as both a soloist and member of the ensemble to songs from rock legends including ZZ Top, Van Halen, Pink Floyd and Queen.His role as Company Manager whilst in Durango encompassed both shows. Kyran Bracken's Ice Party
After moving to the UK permanently in September 2012, Ratushniak performed for the first time with professional skater, Patti Petrus, at Kyran's Bracken's Ice Party in Blackpool. The show took place from 1 to 3 November with Ratushniak and Petrus skating pairs routines alongside other professional skaters Karen Barber, Daniel Whiston and Brianne Delcourt. Stars on Ice Australia
In November 2012 Ratushniak travelled to Singapore to perform in the Stars on Ice Australia Christmas Gala shows which took place in Novena Square. He performed in the show as a soloist as well as pairs. The show ran from 24 November until 23 December. 2013
Celebrities on Ice
Performing alongside TV personality Chico Slimani, England Rugby legend Kyran Bracken, West End star Ray Quinn and the world-famous Russian Ice Stars, Ratushniak starred in the show Celebrities on Ice in January 2013.Held at Peterborough Arena from 25 to 27 January, the show was hosted by celebrity Christopher Biggins. The show subsequently embarked on a UK nationwide arena tour from April until June 2013 where he performed alongside Dancing on Ice celebrities Beth Tweddle, Matthew Lapinskas and Gareth Thomas and professional skaters Daniel Whiston, Brianne Delcourt and Jenna Nicole Smith. Stars on Ice Australia
Ratushniak ended the year with a return to Singapore to perform once again at the Velocity Christmas shows held in Novena Square. The show, produced by Stars on Ice Australia, ran from 26 November to 22 December and featured a mix of popular music and classic Christmas songs performed by a cast of three professional skaters. 2014
Skate in the City
Taking place at Broadgate Ice Rink and hosted by Southend Airport, Ratushniak performed alongside English rugby player and Dancing on Ice star Kyran Bracken,
X factor contestant Chico, Eastenders and Dancing on Ice contestant Matt Lapinskas, and the Russian Ice Stars in a one-off outdoor event, Skate in the City. Val-Bélair Gala Show
Ratushniak was reunited with pro skating partner Isabelle Gauthier on 5 April to perform at the Val-Bélair Gala Show in Quebec. The pair skated their Seasons of Love and Moves Like Jagger routines at the show; the first they had paired up for since March 2013.Filmography
TV production
Other interests
As well as being a professional ice skater, Ratushniak is also a qualified pilot and licensed property developer. Ratushniak was elected mayor of the northern town of La Ronge, Saskatchewan in November 2020, making him the first openly gay mayor in La Ronge's history. References
External links
Riverlight Talent Inc
<mask>k backflip
1985 births
Gay politicians
Gay sportsmen
LGBT figure skaters
LGBT mayors of places in Canada
Living people
Canadian male single skaters
Sportspeople from Manitoba
LGBT sportspeople from Canada
Mayors of places in Saskatchewan
21st-century LGBT people | [
"Colin Ratushniak",
"Colin Ratushnia"
] | <mask> is a Canadian ice skater and politician who appeared in the TV show Dancing on Ice in 2011. Ratushniak moved to the UK to build a career in TV production after obtaining a two-year visa. He was elected the mayor of La Ronge in November 2020. Ratushniak began skating at the age of two. He transitioned from a hockey player to an ice skater when he was 12 years old. He began his competitive career when his family moved to Brandon. Ratushniak was the province's men's novice champion from 1998 to 2002.He won a pre-novice bronze medal at the Junior National Championships. After graduating from high school, Ratushniak became a professional skater and toured with the show "High School Musical" in the UK. He continued to tour for the next 8 years, performing in over 50 countries and 500 major cities across 5 continents. He developed his skills as a pairs skater during this time. Ratushniak performed his first backflip on ice at the age of 24. When he appeared as a professional skater in series 6 of the UK TV show Dancing on Ice with celebrity partner, Laura Hamilton, they were early favorites to win the series. They went on to perform in cities across the UK with the Dancing on Ice Live Tour after finishing runners up in the series.The show Beyond Broadway was presented at the Canadian National Exhibition in August and September of 2011. They joined the rest of the cast for other routines while skating to the song "Seasons of Love" from the Broadway musical Rent. Ratushniak performed in the Holiday on Ice show at the end of 2011. The show featured music from Barry Manilow and was performed in The Netherlands and the UK. The show went on to play in a number of places. The Ucha Atayde Entertainment production of Skating on Broadway was performed in March of 2012 in Irapuato, Mexico. A selection of songs from Broadway musicals were performed by the cast of the show.He returned to Mexico in April 2012 and again in June 2012 and performed in the cities of Villahermosa and Durango. The Company Manager was responsible for co-ordinating all aspects of the show's production. In between his shows in Mexico, Ratushniak joined forces with Gauthier once again to perform as guests in the Annual Gala shows of skating clubs in Quebec. As well as their Seasons of Love routine from the show Beyond Broadway, Ratushniak and Gauthier performed a new routine that they had choreographed for the shows. Skaters performed at skating clubs in Charny, Abénakis and Lac-Mégantic. In April and June of 2012 Ratushniak performed in Rock on Ice, a show which ran alongside Skating on Broadway. He joined the cast for the show's run in the cities of Villahermosa and Durango in Mexico performing as both a soloist and member of the ensemble to songs from rock legends including ZZ Top, Van Halen, Pink Floyd and Queen.He was the company manager in both shows. Ratushniak performed for the first time with a professional skater at a party after moving to the UK permanently. The show took place from 1 to 3 November and featured skating pairs routines with other professional skaters. In November 2012 Ratushniak traveled to Singapore to perform in the Stars on Ice Australia Christmas Gala shows. He was a soloist in the show. The show ended on 23 December. The show Celebrities on Ice featured TV personality Chico Slimani, England Rugby legend Kyran Bracken, West End star Ray Quinn and the world-famous Russian Ice Stars.Christopher Biggins hosted the show at the arena. The show embarked on a UK nationwide arena tour from April until June of last year where he performed with Dancing on Ice celebrities and professional skaters. Stars on Ice Australia Ratushniak performed at the Christmas shows in Novena Square in Singapore for the third year in a row. The show, produced by Stars on Ice Australia, featured a mix of popular music and classic Christmas songs performed by a cast of three professional skaters. Dancing on Ice contestant Matt Lapinskas and the Russian Ice Stars were in attendance at the skate in the city. <mask> and Gauthier performed at the Val-Bélair Gala Show in Quebec on April 5. They performed their Seasons of Love and Moves Like Jagger routines for the first time in over a year at the show.As well as being a professional ice skater, Ratushniak is also a qualified pilot and licensed property developer. The first openly gay mayor in La Ronge's history was elected in November 2020. References External links Riverlight Talent Inc <mask>k backflip 1985 births Gay politicians Gay sportsmen LGBT figure skaters LGBT mayors of places in Canada | [
"Colin Ratushniak",
"Ratushniak",
"Colin Ratushnia"
] |