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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osamu%20Fujimura%20%28scientist%29

Osamu Fujimura (scientist)

Osamu Fujimura 藤村靖 (August 29, 1927 in Tokyo – March 13, 2017 in Waikoloa Beach, Hawaii) was a Japanese physicist, phonetician and linguist, recognized as one of the pioneers of speech science. Fujimura was also known for his influential work in the diverse field of speech-related studies including acoustics, phonetics/phonology, instrumentation techniques, speech production mechanisms, and computational/theoretical linguistics. After getting his Doctorate of Science from the University of Tokyo through the research he conducted at MIT, Fujimura served as Director and Professor at the Research Institute of Logopedics and Phoniatrics (RILP), at the University of Tokyo from 1965 to 1973. He then continued his research at Bell Labs in Murray Hill, New Jersey, in the U.S., from 1973 to 1988 as a Department Head, working for Max Mathews. He moved his research to Ohio State University where he was Professor and Department Head for Speech and Hearing Science. He was named Professor Emeritus in 2013. He was a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Sciences. Biography Fujimura's career as a scientist spanned nearly three quarters of a century. He authored, co-authored or edited over 256 scientific publications covering a vast range of topics including physics, speech acoustics and articulation, phonology, kanji transcription methods, syntax, and more. These included 11 books and monographs, 64 journal articles, 58 articles or chapters in books, 56 proceedings articles, 42 miscellaneous writings and 25 articles in RILP. Fujimura’s work covers all aspects of phonetics, with a focus on speech articulation, analysis of acoustic phonetics, and speech perception. Fujimura and his colleagues introduced X-ray technologies to study human articulation patterns. The X-ray macrobeam speech corpus is considered to be an important research resource for modern phonetic research. His work contributed to the foundation of modern acoustic analyses of speech sounds, especially the acoustics of nasal consonants, proposing the notion of the “anti-formant”. His work also showed that consonant-to-vowel transition is perceptually more salient than vowel-to-consonant transition. In addition to his contribution to phonetic science, he wrote a review of “Syntactic Structures” by Noam Chomsky in 1963, thereby contributing to the introduction of generative linguistics in Japan. Later in his career, he proposed a model of speech articulation called “the C/D model”, in which phonological featural specifications are “Converted” and “Distributed” to several articulators. The C/D model is an explicit theory of how mental, phonological information is mapped onto actual physiological articulatory commands. This theory is currently being pursued by a number of phoneticists. His first position was Research Assistant at The Kobayashi Institute of Physical Research, Kokubunzi, Tokyo from 1952 – 1958. He then served as Assistant Professor at the Research Laboratory of Communication Science in the University of Electrocommunications at Chōfu, Tokyo from 1958 to 1965. From 1958 to 1961 he worked at MIT as Division of Sponsored Research staff member at the Research Laboratory of Electronics (Speech Communication Group). At MIT he was supervised by Drs. Morris Halle and K. N. Stevens. This was followed by two years (1963 – 1965) as a Guest Researcher at the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, where he was supervised by Dr. Gunnar Fant. During this time, he conducted research that contributed to the foundation of modern acoustic analyses. He obtained his D.Sc in Physics from the University of Tokyo in 1962. Starting in 1965, he served as a professor at the Research Institute of Logopedics and Phoniatrics in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Tokyo. He served as the director of the Institute between 1969 and 1973, during which time he published many important phonetic research papers. Concurrently in 1973, he also was Adjunct Professor, Dept. of Linguistics, Faculty of Letters, at the University of Tokyo, and also Chair of the Graduate Course in Physiology (in the Division of Medicine), the University of Tokyo. It was during this time that RILP became an active research center for speech science studies, focusing on developing highly advanced techniques and tools for studying articulation of speech, including fiberoptics, EMG (electromyography) and the X-Ray Microbeam. Some studies conducted at RILP during this time are considered to be foundational to modern phonetics science, and still cited in current phonetics papers. In 1973, he moved to AT&T Bell Labs in Murray Hill, NJ, USA. At Bell Labs he served as the head of the Department of Linguistics and Speech Analysis Research until 1984, the head of Department of Linguistics and Artificial Intelligence Research until 1987, and the head of Department of Artificial Intelligence Research until 1988. During this time Fujimura worked with a number of scientists and is remembered for encouraging young researchers including Mark Liberman, Janet Pierrehumbert, William Poser, Mary Beckman, Marian Macchi, Sue Hertz, Jan Edwards, and Julia Hirschberg. Fujimura’s broad vision about the entire field of linguistics is evident in his impact on post-doc researchers at Bell Labs such as John McCarthy, a formal phonologist, and Barbara Partee, a formal semanticist. In 1988, Fujimura moved to the Department of Speech & Hearing Science at Ohio State University where he worked until retiring as a Professor Emeritus in 2003. During his time at OSU, he was also a Member at the Center for Cognitive Science (1988 to 2003), and a Participating Professor at the Biomedical Engineering Center (1992 to 2003). In addition he was a periodic Guest Researcher at ATR/HIP in Japan from 1992 to 1996. From 1997 to 1998 he took sabbatical leave from OSU to be a Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Invitation Fellow at the Research Institute of Asian and African Languages and Cultures at the Tokyo University for Foreign Studies. Fujimura served as a fellow for the International Institute for Advanced Studies from 2004 to 2006. It was during this time that Fujimura began to formulate the C/D model of speech articulation while mentoring researchers such as Reiner Wilhelms Tricarico, Chao-Min Wu, Donna Erickson, Kerrie Beechler Obert, Caroline Menezez, and Bryan Pardo. After retirement from OSU, he was a researcher at the Center of Excellence (COE), Nagoya University from 2003 to 2004 working with professors K. Kakehi & F. Itakura. Fujimura then served as fellow at the International Institute for Advanced Studies, Kyoto, Japan from April 2004 to August 2006. Fujimura believed strongly diversity and inclusion in science. Through mentorship and encouragement Fujimura aided a younger generation of speech scientists. He encouraged the young generation to “Pay it Forward” with their own junior researchers, creating a perpetual positive cycle. Patents As a basic researcher pioneering work on speech synthesis, Fujimura did not frequently patent his inventions. Fujimura did patent his Speech transmission system from 1978, US 4170719 A. This machine created speech synthesis with voiced and unvoiced sounds produced differently. One of his creations was the computer-tracking-based X-Ray microbeam system for recording human utterances. The first version of the machine was at University of Tokyo, built by JEOL (Nihon-Denshi KK). The second version was built at University of Wisconsin and was in use until 2009. They used extremely low doses of X-ray to track the movement of the tongue and oral chamber in order to study how humans uttered sounds. Both machines were used by generations of researchers to discover and to verify theories of human speech generation, and lead to the development of CAT scans. Personal life Osamu Fujimura was born August 29, 1927. The Fujimura family is descended from the Miyamoto clan (源氏), remotely related to the samurai Minamoto Yoritomo (源頼朝), who founded the Kamakura Bakufu (military government site) as a Shōgun (将軍) in the 12th century. Yoritomo's grave is behind the Hachimangu 八幡宮 in Yukinoshita, Kamakura. He was survived by his second wife J.C. Williams, and four sons, Akira, Makoto, Wataru, and Itaru. References 1927 births 2017 deaths Japanese scientists Phoneticians Ohio State University faculty Japanese expatriates in the United States Linguists of Japanese University of Tokyo faculty Scientists at Bell Labs

<mask> 藤村靖 (August 29, 1927 in Tokyo – March 13, 2017 in Waikoloa Beach, Hawaii) was a Japanese physicist, phonetician and linguist, recognized as one of the pioneers of speech science. <mask> was also known for his influential work in the diverse field of speech-related studies including acoustics, phonetics/phonology, instrumentation techniques, speech production mechanisms, and computational/theoretical linguistics. After getting his Doctorate of Science from the University of Tokyo through the research he conducted at MIT, <mask> served as Director and Professor at the Research Institute of Logopedics and Phoniatrics (RILP), at the University of Tokyo from 1965 to 1973. He then continued his research at Bell Labs in Murray Hill, New Jersey, in the U.S., from 1973 to 1988 as a Department Head, working for Max Mathews. He moved his research to Ohio State University where he was Professor and Department Head for Speech and Hearing Science. He was named Professor Emeritus in 2013. He was a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Sciences.Biography <mask>'s career as a scientist spanned nearly three quarters of a century. He authored, co-authored or edited over 256 scientific publications covering a vast range of topics including physics, speech acoustics and articulation, phonology, kanji transcription methods, syntax, and more. These included 11 books and monographs, 64 journal articles, 58 articles or chapters in books, 56 proceedings articles, 42 miscellaneous writings and 25 articles in RILP. <mask>’s work covers all aspects of phonetics, with a focus on speech articulation, analysis of acoustic phonetics, and speech perception. <mask> and his colleagues introduced X-ray technologies to study human articulation patterns. The X-ray macrobeam speech corpus is considered to be an important research resource for modern phonetic research. His work contributed to the foundation of modern acoustic analyses of speech sounds, especially the acoustics of nasal consonants, proposing the notion of the “anti-formant”.His work also showed that consonant-to-vowel transition is perceptually more salient than vowel-to-consonant transition. In addition to his contribution to phonetic science, he wrote a review of “Syntactic Structures” by Noam Chomsky in 1963, thereby contributing to the introduction of generative linguistics in Japan. Later in his career, he proposed a model of speech articulation called “the C/D model”, in which phonological featural specifications are “Converted” and “Distributed” to several articulators. The C/D model is an explicit theory of how mental, phonological information is mapped onto actual physiological articulatory commands. This theory is currently being pursued by a number of phoneticists. His first position was Research Assistant at The Kobayashi Institute of Physical Research, Kokubunzi, Tokyo from 1952 – 1958. He then served as Assistant Professor at the Research Laboratory of Communication Science in the University of Electrocommunications at Chōfu, Tokyo from 1958 to 1965.From 1958 to 1961 he worked at MIT as Division of Sponsored Research staff member at the Research Laboratory of Electronics (Speech Communication Group). At MIT he was supervised by Drs. Morris Halle and K. N. Stevens. This was followed by two years (1963 – 1965) as a Guest Researcher at the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, where he was supervised by Dr. Gunnar Fant. During this time, he conducted research that contributed to the foundation of modern acoustic analyses. He obtained his D.Sc in Physics from the University of Tokyo in 1962. Starting in 1965, he served as a professor at the Research Institute of Logopedics and Phoniatrics in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Tokyo.He served as the director of the Institute between 1969 and 1973, during which time he published many important phonetic research papers. Concurrently in 1973, he also was Adjunct Professor, Dept. of Linguistics, Faculty of Letters, at the University of Tokyo, and also Chair of the Graduate Course in Physiology (in the Division of Medicine), the University of Tokyo. It was during this time that RILP became an active research center for speech science studies, focusing on developing highly advanced techniques and tools for studying articulation of speech, including fiberoptics, EMG (electromyography) and the X-Ray Microbeam. Some studies conducted at RILP during this time are considered to be foundational to modern phonetics science, and still cited in current phonetics papers. In 1973, he moved to AT&T Bell Labs in Murray Hill, NJ, USA. At Bell Labs he served as the head of the Department of Linguistics and Speech Analysis Research until 1984, the head of Department of Linguistics and Artificial Intelligence Research until 1987, and the head of Department of Artificial Intelligence Research until 1988.During this time <mask> worked with a number of scientists and is remembered for encouraging young researchers including Mark Liberman, Janet Pierrehumbert, William Poser, Mary Beckman, Marian Macchi, Sue Hertz, Jan Edwards, and Julia Hirschberg. <mask>’s broad vision about the entire field of linguistics is evident in his impact on post-doc researchers at Bell Labs such as John McCarthy, a formal phonologist, and Barbara Partee, a formal semanticist. In 1988, <mask> moved to the Department of Speech & Hearing Science at Ohio State University where he worked until retiring as a Professor Emeritus in 2003. During his time at OSU, he was also a Member at the Center for Cognitive Science (1988 to 2003), and a Participating Professor at the Biomedical Engineering Center (1992 to 2003). In addition he was a periodic Guest Researcher at ATR/HIP in Japan from 1992 to 1996. From 1997 to 1998 he took sabbatical leave from OSU to be a Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Invitation Fellow at the Research Institute of Asian and African Languages and Cultures at the Tokyo University for Foreign Studies. <mask> served as a fellow for the International Institute for Advanced Studies from 2004 to 2006.It was during this time that <mask> began to formulate the C/D model of speech articulation while mentoring researchers such as Reiner Wilhelms Tricarico, Chao-Min Wu, Donna Erickson, Kerrie Beechler Obert, Caroline Menezez, and Bryan Pardo. After retirement from OSU, he was a researcher at the Center of Excellence (COE), Nagoya University from 2003 to 2004 working with professors K. Kakehi & F. Itakura. <mask> then served as fellow at the International Institute for Advanced Studies, Kyoto, Japan from April 2004 to August 2006. <mask> believed strongly diversity and inclusion in science. Through mentorship and encouragement <mask> aided a younger generation of speech scientists. He encouraged the young generation to “Pay it Forward” with their own junior researchers, creating a perpetual positive cycle. Patents As a basic researcher pioneering work on speech synthesis, <mask> did not frequently patent his inventions.<mask> did patent his Speech transmission system from 1978, US 4170719 A. This machine created speech synthesis with voiced and unvoiced sounds produced differently. One of his creations was the computer-tracking-based X-Ray microbeam system for recording human utterances. The first version of the machine was at University of Tokyo, built by JEOL (Nihon-Denshi KK). The second version was built at University of Wisconsin and was in use until 2009. They used extremely low doses of X-ray to track the movement of the tongue and oral chamber in order to study how humans uttered sounds. Both machines were used by generations of researchers to discover and to verify theories of human speech generation, and lead to the development of CAT scans.Personal life <mask> <mask> was born August 29, 1927. The <mask> family is descended from the Miyamoto clan (源氏), remotely related to the samurai Minamoto Yoritomo (源頼朝), who founded the Kamakura Bakufu (military government site) as a Shōgun (将軍) in the 12th century. Yoritomo's grave is behind the Hachimangu 八幡宮 in Yukinoshita, Kamakura. He was survived by his second wife J.C. Williams, and four sons, Akira, Makoto, Wataru, and Itaru. References 1927 births 2017 deaths Japanese scientists Phoneticians Ohio State University faculty Japanese expatriates in the United States Linguists of Japanese University of Tokyo faculty Scientists at Bell Labs

One of the pioneers of speech science was a Japanese physicist named <mask>. <mask>'s influential work in the diverse field of speech-related studies included acoustics, phonetics/phonology, instrumentation techniques, speech production mechanisms, and computational/theoretical linguistics. From 1966 to 1973, <mask> was the Director and Professor of the Research Institute of Logopedics and Phoniatrics at the University of Tokyo. He worked for Max Mathews at Bell Labs in Murray Hill, New Jersey, from 1973 to 1988 as a Department Head. He was the Department Head for Speech and Hearing Science at Ohio State University. He was named Professor Emeritus. He was a fellow of the American Association for the advancement of sciences.<mask> was a scientist for nearly three quarters of a century. He has co-authored or edited hundreds of scientific publications covering a wide range of topics. There were 11 books and monographs, 64 journal articles, 58 articles or chapters in books, 56 proceedings articles, 42 miscellaneous writings and 25 articles in RILP. The work of <mask> covers all aspects of phonetics, with a focus on speech perception. The X-ray technologies were introduced by <mask> and his colleagues. An important research resource for modern phonetic research is the X-ray macrobeam speech corpus. His work proposed the idea of the anti-formant in the acoustics of speech sounds.His work shows that vowel-to-consonant transition is more perceptual than consonant-to-vowel transition. He contributed to the introduction of generative linguistics in Japan by writing a review of Noam Chomsky's "Syntactic Structures" in 1963. The C/D model is a speech model in which the phonological featural specifications are converted and distributed to several articulators. The C/D model is an explicit theory of how mental information is mapped onto actual commands. The theory is being pursued by a number of people. His first position was as a research assistant. From 1959 to 1965, he was an assistant professor at the Research Laboratory of Communication Science.He was a staff member at the Research Laboratory of Electronics at MIT from 1959 to 1961. He was under the supervision of Drs. at MIT. K. N. Stevens and Morris Halle. He was a guest researcher at the Royal Institute of Technology in Sweden for two years in 1963. His research contributed to the foundation of modern acoustic analyses. He obtained his degree in physics from the University of Tokyo. He was a professor in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Tokyo.He published many important research papers while he was the director of the Institute. He was an Adjunct Professor in 1973. The University of Tokyo has a Faculty of Letters and a Chair in the Division of Medicine. During this time, RILP became an active research center for speech science studies, focusing on developing highly advanced techniques and tools for studying speech, including fiberoptics, EMG, and the X-Ray Microbeam. Some of the studies conducted at RILP during this time are still cited today. He moved to Murray Hill, NJ, in 1973. He was the head of the Department of Linguistics and Speech Analysis Research from 1984 to 1984 and the head of the Department of Artificial Intelligence Research from 1987 to 1988.During this time <mask> worked with a number of scientists and is remembered for encouraging young researchers like Mark Liberman and Janet Pierrehumbert. John McCarthy and Barbara Partee, both post-doc researchers at Bell Labs, were influenced by <mask>'s vision of the entire field of linguistics. <mask> retired as a Professor in 2003 after working in the Department of Speech & Hearing Science at Ohio State University. He was a Member at the Center for Cognitive Science from 1988 to 2003 and a Professor at the Biomedical Engineering Center from 1992 to 2003 He was a guest researcher in Japan from 1992 to 1996. From 1997 to 1998 he was a Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Invitation Fellow at the Research Institute of Asian and African Languages and Cultures at the Tokyo University for Foreign Studies. <mask> was a fellow at the International Institute for Advanced Studies.It was during this time that <mask> began to work on the C/D model of speech articulation. From 2003 to 2004 he was a researcher at the Center of excellence, Nagoya University, working with professors K. Kakehi and F. Itakura. From April 2004 to August 2006 <mask> was a fellow at the International Institute for Advanced Studies. <mask> believed in inclusion and diversity in science. <mask> aided a younger generation of speech scientists. He encouraged the young generation to pay it forward with their own junior researchers. <mask> did not often patent his inventions.The Speech transmission system was patented by <mask> in 1978. Speech synthesis with voiced and un voiced sounds was created by this machine. The X-Ray microbeam system was one of his creations. JEOL built the first version of the machine at the University of Tokyo. The second version was built at the University of Wisconsin. They used extremely low doses of X-ray to study how humans speak. Both machines were used by generations of researchers to discover and to verify theories of human speech generation.<mask> <mask> was born on August 29, 1927. The samurai Minamoto Yoritomo, who founded the Kamakura Bakufu as a Shgun in the 12th century, is related to the <mask> family. The grave of Yoritomo is in Kamakura. He had a second wife, J.C. Williams, and four sons. Japanese scientists phoneticians Ohio State University faculty Japanese expatriates in the United States Linguists of Japanese University of Tokyo

6482286

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Hall%20Gladstone

John Hall Gladstone

John Hall Gladstone FRS (7 March 1827 – 6 October 1902) was a British chemist. He served as President of the Physical Society between 1874 and 1876 and during 1877–1879 was President of the Chemical Society. Apart from chemistry, where one of his most notable publications was on bromination of rubber, he undertook pioneering work in optics and spectroscopy. Biography He was born to John Gladstone, a wholesale draper in Hackney, London and Alison Hall, as the eldest of three sons. The three brothers were educated entirely at home under tutors, and from very early days all showed a strong inclination toward natural science. In 1842, the father retired from business, and the family spent a year in travelling on the continent. Part of this time was passed in Italy with their old friends: Charles Tilt, his wife and their daughter May, who in 1852 became the wife of John Hall Gladstone. From early years Gladstone had shown strong religious tendencies, and when, at the age of seventeen, the question of his future career came to be discussed, he wished to enter the Christian ministry. From this course he was dissuaded both by his father and by Mr. Tilt, and in December 1844 he entered University College, London. Here he attended Graham's lectures on chemistry and worked in his private laboratory, and here he prepared his earliest scientific contribution on "Analysis of Sand from St. Michael's Bay, Normandy", which was read at a meeting of the Royal Chemical Society on 16 November 1846. Next year, he received a gold medal from the college for his study on "Gun Cotton and Xyloidine". Later in the same year he went to University of Giessen to work under Justus von Liebig, returning in April 1848 with the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The subject of his dissertation was possibly "Artificial Formation of Urea from Fulminic Acid". Although Gladstone had thus formally adopted the pursuit of science as his career, he continued throughout his life to take an active part in religious work. In Clapham his parents were members of the Rev. James Hill's Congregational Church, and here he taught in the Sunday School, beside conducting services in a Mission Room at White Square. Later on he held a Bible Class for young men on Sunday afternoons, and until the end of his life he was intimately connected with the work of the Young Men's Christian Association founded by George Williams. For many years he was the chief organiser of the Sunday afternoon devotional meeting held annually at the meeting of the British Association. In 1850 Gladstone was appointed Lecturer in Chemistry to St. Thomas's Hospital, a post which he held for two years, and in June 1853, at the unusually young age of 26, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. In 1864, he lost his wife, their eldest daughter, and only son. These tragedies, however, seem to have been followed by only a temporary suspension of social and scientific activity. In 1863–64, and again in 1866–68, he served on the Council of the Royal Society, and having been a member of the Royal Commission on Lighthouses, Buoys, and Beacons from 1859 to 1862, he became a member of the Gun Cotton Committee in 1864–68. In politics Gladstone was a Liberal, and on more than one occasion he was tempted to enter Parliament. In 1868, he unsuccessfully contested the borough of York. In 1869, he married Margaret Thompson King, daughter of the late Rev. Dr. David King, and niece of Lord Kelvin. Margaret died in 1870, leaving one daughter. During 1874–1877, Gladstone held the Fullerian Professorship of Chemistry at the Royal Institution, and was first President of the Physical Society, of which he was one of the founders. He was President of the Chemical Society during 1877–79, and in 1898 he was one of the six past presidents of that Society who had been Fellows for upwards of fifty years, and in whose honour a banquet was given under the chairmanship of the President, Professor James Dewar. Gladstone was very fond of London and seems never to have wished to live out of the metropolis. He spoke French readily, and frequently attended the summer meetings of the Association Francaise pour l'Avancement des Sciences, and was also at one or two meetings of the Swiss Association. In recognition of his services to education he was elected an Honorary Fellow of the College of Preceptors. He also received the degree Sc.D. at the celebration of the Tercentenary of Trinity College, Dublin, in 1892, and the Davy Medal from the Royal Society in 1897 "for his numerous contributions to chemical science, and especially for his important work in the application of optical methods to chemistry". In 1880 he became a member of the Company of Wheelwrights, and as a liveryman took part in the last year of his life in the election of the Lord Mayor, at the Guildhall, on Michaelmas Day. On the day of his death, 6 October 1902, he presided in the afternoon at a meeting of the Christian Evidence Society, and, after walking part of the way home, was found lifeless in his study as the result of failure of the heart. He was buried in Kensal Green cemetery. Research In his early years, Gladstone conducted studies of phosphamide and similar compounds, suggested by Liebig and revised ten years later; an inquiry into the composition of nitrogen iodide (1852). His more important work was published in the Philosophical Transactions in 1855, on "Circumstances modifying the Action of chemical Affinity". Here, the author examined the question, arising out of the researches of Bunsen and Debus, whether when two substances act on each other an increase in the quantity of one of them leads to a corresponding increase in the amount of chemical change observed, and whether such change occurs continuously or discretely, in atomic proportions. Optical phenomena and the properties of elements and compounds in relation to light have always been a major interest for Gladstone. This comes out quite early in his career, and in a variety of forms. Thus in 1854 he lectured at the Royal Institution on "Chromatic Phenomena exhibited by Transmitted Light." In 1855 there were "Notes on some substances which exhibit the Phenomena of Fluorescence", and in 1856 on "Some Dichromatic Phenomena among Solutions". In 1858 he drew attention to the use of the prism in qualitative analysis (Quart. Journ. Chem. Soc., 1O, 79), and discovered distinct lines in the absorption spectrum of didymium, a substance long afterwards resolved by Auer von Welsbach into the two elements known as praseodymium and neodymium. A little later he studied the absorption spectrum of the atmosphere, and found that the Fraunhofer lines varied according to the time of day, and that the change must be due to some constituents of the earth's atmosphere. In this research he was joined by Sir David Brewster, and together they produced a paper on the lines of the solar spectrum in 1860. The most important work of Gladstone in this direction was the long series of observations on the refraction and dispersion of liquids, which originated with a study of the "Influence of Temperature on the Refraction of Light," (Phil. Trans., 1858) and followed by "Researches on the Refraction, Dispersion, and Sensitiveness of Liquids," (Phil. Trans., 1863). Another memorable series of researches commenced about 1872, in conjunction with his assistant Alfred Tribe, resulted in the discovery of the zinc-copper couple, and its application to the production of the organozinc compounds and to other purposes. The couple has long since found its way into every laboratory in the world, and as a reducing agent has met with applications not only in connection with carbon compounds but for many purposes in analysis. Lectures In 1874 and 1876, Gladstone was invited to deliver the Royal Institution Christmas Lecture on The Voltaic Battery and The Chemistry of Fire respectively. See also Gladstone–Dale relation References External links Fullerian Professorships 1827 births 1902 deaths People from Hackney Central Fellows of the Royal Society Presidents of the Physical Society Members of the London School Board Burials at Kensal Green Cemetery 19th-century British chemists Scientists from London

<mask> FRS (7 March 1827 – 6 October 1902) was a British chemist. He served as President of the Physical Society between 1874 and 1876 and during 1877–1879 was President of the Chemical Society. Apart from chemistry, where one of his most notable publications was on bromination of rubber, he undertook pioneering work in optics and spectroscopy. Biography He was born to <mask>, a wholesale draper in Hackney, London and <mask>, as the eldest of three sons. The three brothers were educated entirely at home under tutors, and from very early days all showed a strong inclination toward natural science. In 1842, the father retired from business, and the family spent a year in travelling on the continent. Part of this time was passed in Italy with their old friends: Charles Tilt, his wife and their daughter May, who in 1852 became the wife of <mask>.From early years <mask> had shown strong religious tendencies, and when, at the age of seventeen, the question of his future career came to be discussed, he wished to enter the Christian ministry. From this course he was dissuaded both by his father and by Mr. Tilt, and in December 1844 he entered University College, London. Here he attended Graham's lectures on chemistry and worked in his private laboratory, and here he prepared his earliest scientific contribution on "Analysis of Sand from St. Michael's Bay, Normandy", which was read at a meeting of the Royal Chemical Society on 16 November 1846. Next year, he received a gold medal from the college for his study on "Gun Cotton and Xyloidine". Later in the same year he went to University of Giessen to work under Justus von Liebig, returning in April 1848 with the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The subject of his dissertation was possibly "Artificial Formation of Urea from Fulminic Acid".Although <mask> had thus formally adopted the pursuit of science as his career, he continued throughout his life to take an active part in religious work. In Clapham his parents were members of the Rev. James Hill's Congregational Church, and here he taught in the Sunday School, beside conducting services in a Mission Room at White Square. Later on he held a Bible Class for young men on Sunday afternoons, and until the end of his life he was intimately connected with the work of the Young Men's Christian Association founded by George Williams. For many years he was the chief organiser of the Sunday afternoon devotional meeting held annually at the meeting of the British Association. In 1850 <mask> was appointed Lecturer in Chemistry to St. Thomas's Hospital, a post which he held for two years, and in June 1853, at the unusually young age of 26, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. In 1864, he lost his wife, their eldest daughter, and only son.These tragedies, however, seem to have been followed by only a temporary suspension of social and scientific activity. In 1863–64, and again in 1866–68, he served on the Council of the Royal Society, and having been a member of the Royal Commission on Lighthouses, Buoys, and Beacons from 1859 to 1862, he became a member of the Gun Cotton Committee in 1864–68. In politics <mask> was a Liberal, and on more than one occasion he was tempted to enter Parliament. In 1868, he unsuccessfully contested the borough of York. In 1869, he married Margaret Thompson King, daughter of the late Rev. Dr. David King, and niece of Lord Kelvin. Margaret died in 1870, leaving one daughter.During 1874–1877, <mask> held the Fullerian Professorship of Chemistry at the Royal Institution, and was first President of the Physical Society, of which he was one of the founders. He was President of the Chemical Society during 1877–79, and in 1898 he was one of the six past presidents of that Society who had been Fellows for upwards of fifty years, and in whose honour a banquet was given under the chairmanship of the President, Professor James Dewar. <mask> was very fond of London and seems never to have wished to live out of the metropolis. He spoke French readily, and frequently attended the summer meetings of the Association Francaise pour l'Avancement des Sciences, and was also at one or two meetings of the Swiss Association. In recognition of his services to education he was elected an Honorary Fellow of the College of Preceptors. He also received the degree Sc.D. at the celebration of the Tercentenary of Trinity College, Dublin, in 1892, and the Davy Medal from the Royal Society in 1897 "for his numerous contributions to chemical science, and especially for his important work in the application of optical methods to chemistry".In 1880 he became a member of the Company of Wheelwrights, and as a liveryman took part in the last year of his life in the election of the Lord Mayor, at the Guildhall, on Michaelmas Day. On the day of his death, 6 October 1902, he presided in the afternoon at a meeting of the Christian Evidence Society, and, after walking part of the way home, was found lifeless in his study as the result of failure of the heart. He was buried in Kensal Green cemetery. Research In his early years, <mask> conducted studies of phosphamide and similar compounds, suggested by Liebig and revised ten years later; an inquiry into the composition of nitrogen iodide (1852). His more important work was published in the Philosophical Transactions in 1855, on "Circumstances modifying the Action of chemical Affinity". Here, the author examined the question, arising out of the researches of Bunsen and Debus, whether when two substances act on each other an increase in the quantity of one of them leads to a corresponding increase in the amount of chemical change observed, and whether such change occurs continuously or discretely, in atomic proportions. Optical phenomena and the properties of elements and compounds in relation to light have always been a major interest for <mask>.This comes out quite early in his career, and in a variety of forms. Thus in 1854 he lectured at the Royal Institution on "Chromatic Phenomena exhibited by Transmitted Light." In 1855 there were "Notes on some substances which exhibit the Phenomena of Fluorescence", and in 1856 on "Some Dichromatic Phenomena among Solutions". In 1858 he drew attention to the use of the prism in qualitative analysis (Quart. Journ. Chem. Soc., 1O, 79), and discovered distinct lines in the absorption spectrum of didymium, a substance long afterwards resolved by Auer von Welsbach into the two elements known as praseodymium and neodymium.A little later he studied the absorption spectrum of the atmosphere, and found that the Fraunhofer lines varied according to the time of day, and that the change must be due to some constituents of the earth's atmosphere. In this research he was joined by Sir David Brewster, and together they produced a paper on the lines of the solar spectrum in 1860. The most important work of <mask> in this direction was the long series of observations on the refraction and dispersion of liquids, which originated with a study of the "Influence of Temperature on the Refraction of Light," (Phil. Trans., 1858) and followed by "Researches on the Refraction, Dispersion, and Sensitiveness of Liquids," (Phil. Trans., 1863). Another memorable series of researches commenced about 1872, in conjunction with his assistant Alfred Tribe, resulted in the discovery of the zinc-copper couple, and its application to the production of the organozinc compounds and to other purposes. The couple has long since found its way into every laboratory in the world, and as a reducing agent has met with applications not only in connection with carbon compounds but for many purposes in analysis.Lectures In 1874 and 1876, <mask> was invited to deliver the Royal Institution Christmas Lecture on The Voltaic Battery and The Chemistry of Fire respectively. See also <mask>–Dale relation References External links Fullerian Professorships 1827 births 1902 deaths People from Hackney Central Fellows of the Royal Society Presidents of the Physical Society Members of the London School Board Burials at Kensal Green Cemetery 19th-century British chemists Scientists from London

<mask> was a British chemist. Between 1874 and 1876 he was the President of the Physical Society and between 1877 and 1879 he was the President of the Chemical Society. One of his most notable publications was on bromination of rubber. He was the eldest of three sons of <mask> and <mask>. The three brothers all showed a strong interest in natural science when they were young. The family traveled on the continent for a year after the father retired from business. In Italy, Charles, his wife and their daughter May traveled with their old friends, including <mask>, who became the wife of May.At the age of seventeen, the question of his future career came to be discussed, and he wanted to enter the Christian ministry. He was discouraged by both his father and Mr. from this course. In December 1844, he entered University College, London. He attended Graham's lectures on chemistry and worked in his private laboratory, where he prepared his earliest scientific contribution on "Analysis of Sand from St. Michael's Bay, Normandy", which was read at a meeting of the Royal Chemical Society. He received a gold medal from the college for his study on "Gun Cotton and Xyloidine". He returned to the University of Giessen with the degree of Doctor of Philosophy after working under Justus von Liebig. "Artificial Formation of Urea from Fulminic Acid" was the subject of his thesis.Although he formally adopted the pursuit of science as his career, he continued to engage in religious work throughout his life. His parents were members of the Rev. The Sunday School was taught by James Hill in the Mission Room at White Square. He was connected to the work of the Young Men's Christian Association until the end of his life, after he held a Bible Class for young men on Sunday afternoons. He was the leader of the Sunday afternoon devotional meeting for many years. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society at the age of 26 and held the post of Lecturer in Chemistry for two years. He lost his wife, daughter and son.The tragedies were followed by a suspension of social and scientific activity. He was a member of the Gun Cotton Committee in the late 19th century and also served on the Council of the Royal Society. On more than one occasion, he was tempted to enter Parliament, because he was a Liberal. He was unsuccessful in his attempt to be elected to the council of York in 1868. Margaret Thompson King was his wife in 1869. David King is a doctor. Margaret left one daughter.He was one of the founding members of the Physical Society and was the first President. In 1898, he was one of the six past presidents of the Chemical Society who had been fellows for fifty years or more, and a banquet was given under the chairmanship of the President, Professor James Dewar. Even though he was fond of London, he never wanted to live out of the city. He spoke French well and attended the summer meetings of the Association Francaise pour l'Avancement des Sciences and the Swiss Association. He was given an award for his services to education. The degree he received was Sc.D. At the celebration of the Tercentenary of Trinity College, Dublin, in 1892, and the Davy Medal from the Royal Society in 1897, "for his numerous contributions to chemical science, and especially for his important work in the application of optical methods to chemistry".He was a member of the Company of Wheelwrights and a liveryman in the last year of his life before he died. He was found dead in his study after walking part of the way home from a meeting of the Christian Evidence Society on the day of his death. He was buried in a cemetery. In his early years, he conducted studies of phosphamide and similar compounds, as well as an inquiry into the composition of nitrogen iodide. His work "Circumstances modifying the Action of chemical affinity" was published in the Philosophical Transactions in 1854. When two substances act on each other an increase in the quantity of one of them leads to a corresponding increase in the amount of chemical change observed, and whether such change occurs continuously or discreetly was examined by the author. The properties of elements and compounds in relation to light have always been of interest to <mask>.This comes out early in his career in a variety of forms. He lectured on "Chromatic Phenomena exhibited by Transmitted Light" in 1854. In 1856 there were notes on "Some Dichromatic Phenomena among Solutions". In 1858, he drew attention to the use of the prism in qualitative analysis. There is a Journ. Chem. There are distinct lines in the absorption spectrum of didymium, a substance long afterwards resolved by Auer von Welsbach into the two elements known as neodymium and praseodymium.The absorption spectrum of the atmosphere was studied and he found that the lines were different at different times of the day. He and Sir David Brewster produced a paper on the lines of the solar spectrum in 1860. The long series of observations on the refraction and dispersion of liquids was the most important work done in this direction. "Researches on the Refraction, Dispersion, and Sensitiveness of Liquids" followed. Trans., 1863. The zinc- copper couple and its application to the production of the organozinc compounds were discovered in a series of researches that began in 1872. The couple has found its way into every laboratory in the world and as a reducing agent has been used for many purposes in analysis.In 1874 and 1876, <mask> was invited to deliver Royal Institution Christmas Lectures on The Chemistry of Fire and The Voltaic Battery. There are links between the Royal Society Presidents of the Physical Society and the London School Board.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl%20W.%20Gullers

Karl W. Gullers

Karl Werner Edmund Gullers  (September 5, 1916– February 21, 1998), was a Swedish press and commercial photographer, and also the model for Stieg Trenter's crime novel Harry Friberg. Gullers established his photography business in 1938 under the name Studio Gullers and it was active until 1978. Early years Gullers was one of five children of Emil, a lawyer and farmer's son from Rising, Östergötland (one of the founders of what is now the Swedish Liberal Party) and Anna Charlotta Gullers, a teacher. He grew up in Klara, the most central parish in Stockholm. He was brother of Arvid Gullers, and half-brother of Waldemar Gullers, Maj Amalia Gullers, Sigrid Augusta Järemo and Emil Ragnar Gullers. He frequently borrowed his brother's camera and at the age of twelve his father bought him his own, a Kodak Brownie box camera. Three years later, in 1932, he began working for Anders Forsner, a leading photographer in Stockholm, who gave him his photographic education. He also photographed after hours, learning to use available light, which he continued to favour even for industrial photography. He was one of the founders of the blixthatarnas förening (‘flash-haters association') for hard-core press photographers. At eighteen years old, he received a scholarship for a trip to England. The trip piqued his interest in photojournalism. Photography Returning to Sweden, Gullers started working with photographer Jan de Meyere, known for his distinctive high-key portraits, at Kungsgatan 19, the street where Gullers had his studio for twenty years. He also worked as aerial photographer at Aeromateriel AB for three summers producing photographs for the first book depicting Sweden from the air. In 1938 Gullers started its own company, Studio Gullers at St Eriksgatan in Stockholm which he operated for forty years. He later employed other photographers to assist with its burgeoning business; notably his son Peter Gullers who later became an architectural photographer and also published many books, Bo Trenter (son of his friend Steig), and Georg Sessler and Björn Enström who both worked there for twenty five years. Assisting were Gullers' then wife Ingvor and Magda Persson, a skilled copyist, both recruited from Jan de Meyere's studio. After few years at St. Eriksgatan, Studio Gullers moved into one of the 1906 Kungstorn tower blocks at Kungsgatan 30. Studio Gullers AB Gullers Production Ltd was also a book publisher. On September 1, 1939, Gullers was enlisted at Västerås in 1940 and later was deployed as a war photographer. There he befriended Stieg Trenter who based his novel Harry Friberg on the photographer. They remained close until Trenters' death in 1967, and the writer's novels were used as the screenplays for a 1987 TV drama series in which the part of Harry Friberg was played by Örjan Ramberg; Träff i helfigur, Lysande landning, and Idag röd. In an accompanying TV Movie documentary Stieg Trenter - Ett porträtt, Gullers appeared as himself. Immediately after the war Gullers went to the US where he produced work for magazines and some industrial photography. Fascinated with the photo-books that started appearing in the US about that time, and meeting many of the photographers who had produced them, he returned to Stockholm inspired. He found a publisher for a picture-book on Stockholm which came out in 1946. In 1947 Ziff-Davis in Chicago also published one of his earliest books. He started to spend about 200 days of the year travelling the world. Recognition and contribution During the years 1938-46, Gullers contributed pictures to a series of Swedish and foreign journals, including Picture Post, Illustrated, Se and Vi, and also wrote articles himself. Gullers had his first exhibition, "A bit of Sweden" in London in 1942. The pictures were primarily from his documentation of Sweden during the War and propaganda he produced for the government, but also of Swedish industry. In 1953, Gullers became chairman of Svenska Fotografers Förbund (SFF). Over four years as chairman he worked with, inter alia, Kerstin Bernhard and Karl Sandel on training standards and legal and pricing issues. He was succeeded by Curt Götlin. Gullers was also active in the Nordiska fotografförbundet (‘Nordic Photographic Association’) for fifteen years and was a founding member of Europhot (European Association for the Photographer). He was included in Postwar European Photography, May 26 to 23 August 23, 1953, at the Museum of Modern Art. Gullers' representation of Swedish poverty, a Karelian grandmother embracing her granddaughter on a low bed, her bare feet resting on worn floorboards as she rocks a baby in a makeshift cradle, was seen by Edward Steichen. He selected it for the 1955 world-touring Museum of Modern Art exhibition The Family of Man seen by 9 million visitors. From 1957 Gullers became one of the first Stockholm studios with its own Type C colour laboratory, for twelve years producing thousands of photographs a week, and for commissions from major Swedish companies ASEA, Astra, Fiskeby, Volvo, Svenska Metallverken, Stora, Kopparberg, Möln-lycke Väfveriakriebolag, amongst others, exclusively using the Swedish medium-format Hasselblad camera. As a result his books were from then on exclusively in colour. He presented Swedish Industry in Colour, an exhibition that was part of the Sweden Comes to Britain 1961–62 campaign at the Federation of British Industries headquarters, in Tothill Street, London and colour printing of the 85 images was funded by the commissioning companies. Gullers was the first Swedish photojournalist to have a solo exhibition in Sweden, at the gallery De Unga in Stockholm, following international exhibitions of his work held in London, New York and Chicago, and elsewhere. In 1963, Studio Gullers celebrated its twenty-fifth birthday with a major exhibition at the Ealing Technical College March 19–31, and the book Made in Sweden. Legacy In 1990, the Nordic Museum purchased Guller's collection of pictures from 1938-78. The collection consists of approximately 470,000 negatives, monochrome and colour, most in 6x6 format. There are also approximately 5,000 archival copies of size 24x30 cm and over 100,000 contact sheets. The collection also includes a negative ledger, a copy of the first editions of sixty-two book titles, press releases and two cameras; his Kodak Brownie and a Rolleiflex. Among subjects of his portraits are Charlie Chaplin (1945), Ingrid Bergman (1945), Ingrid Bergman and Alfred Hitchcock (1946), Gregory Peck (1945), Orson Welles (1952), John Steinbeck (1947),  Bruno Mathsson (1951), Duke Ellington (1945), Royal Prince Bertel (1940s), Astrid Lindgren (1952), and Prince Carl XVI Gustaf (1952) Personal life In 1937 Gullers married Ingvor Margareta Alberts (April 4, 1914 – August 21, 2009). They had a son Peter (b.1938), two daughters Ingela Rudebeck Gullers (1949-1973), and Kristina Gullers (Levander). Gullers later married author Barbara Donnely. Exhibitions 1946: Jan 20–Feb 3, Sweden: A Workshop of Democracy, American Swedish Historical Museum, solo show of fifty photographs. 1948 solo show, De Unga Gallery, Stockholm 1960 Swedish Industry in Colour during 'Sweden Comes to Britain 1961–62' exposition at the Federation of British Industries headquarters, Tothill Street, London 1963 solo show at Ealing Technical College, London, March 19–31. 1993 KW Gullers: Photo Memories, Mölndal museum 2013: Jan 16–Aug 18 Folkhemmets kändisar ('Celebrity Photographs'), group exhibition from the collection, Nordiska Museet. 2013-2015: images included in travelling group exhibition Folkhemmets room, Nordiska Museet. Bibliography Gullers founded his own publisher Guller, which under his management released more than 80 photo books. Asklund, Erik; Gullers K. W. (1946). Stockholm - sommarstaden. Stockholm: Kooperativa förb. Libris 1387945 - Also available in English, French and German. Gullers, K. W.; Reichardt Howard E. (1947) (på eng). Sweden. Chicago: Ziff-Davis Pub. Co. Libris 1739777 Munthe, Gustaf; Gullers K. W. (1947). Göteborg - hamnstaden. Stockholm: Vi/Kooperativa förb. Libris 1411241 - Also in English and Spanish. Munthe, Gustaf; Gullers K. W. (1948). Sverige från luften. Stockholm: Kooperativa förb. Libris 1411242 - Also in English and German. Gullers, K. W.; Trenter Stieg (1949). Italien. Stockholm: Kooperativa förb. Libris 1971249 Gullers, K. W.; Asklund Erik (1949). Stockholm bakom fasaden. Stockholm: Koop. förb. Libris 1462606 Munthe, Gustaf; Gullers K. W. (1949). Mölnlycke väfveri aktiebolag 100 år. Göteborg. Libris 8210843 Lyttkens, Alice; Gullers K. W. (1950). I kvinnans värld. Stockholm: Kooperativa förb. Libris 1402455 Gullers, K. W.; Johnson Eyvind (1951). England. Stockholm: Veckotidningen Vi/Kooperativa förb. Libris 1451951 Gullers, K. W.; Hoel Sigurd (1951). Norge. Glimtar av ett stort litet land. [Stockholm]: KF. Libris 1451961 - Also in Norwegian Gullers, K. W.; Woxén Ragnar, Strömberg C.A. (1952). Teknis i bild: KTH : research and technical education in Sweden. Stockholm: Strömberg. Libris 736976 Gullers, K. W. (1952). Gullers nya Sverigebok: en resa i bilder. Stockholm: P. A. Norstedt & Söner. Libris 2677968 - Also in English* Gullers, K. W.; Trenter Stieg (1953). Gamla stan. Stockholm: Norstedt. Libris 1451965 Also in English and German. Gullers, K. W.; Munthe Gustaf (1953). Norrköping: staden vid strömmen. Stockholm: Sv. turistförl. Libris 1451963 - Also in English 1954 Gullers, K. W. (1954). Sverige - vårt land: färgbilder. Stockholm: Norstedt. Libris 1451960 - Also in English, French, Spanish and German Gullers, K. W. (1954). Foto för alla. Stockholm: Norstedt. Libris 1451952 _ Also in Danish, Finnish and Norwegian Andersson, Ingvar (1955). Uddeholm: Värmlandsbruk med världsrykte. [Uddeholm]: [Uddeholms AB]. Libris 1433896 - Also in English Gullers, K. W. (1956). Sverige, vattenland. Stockholm: Norstedt. Libris 1995196 - Also available in English, French and German. Gullers, Ingvor; Gullers K. W. (1957). Jul. Stockholm: Norstedt. Libris 10542220 - Also in English and German. Möllerström, Sten; Eksell Olle, Gullers K. W. (1957). The metal way: en bildberättelse om AB Svenska metallverken. Stockholm: Sv. metallverken. Libris 1181524 Also in English, Portuguese, Spanish and German. Linklater, Eric; Gullers K. W. (1958) (på eng). Karina with love. London: Macmillan. Libris 1754995 Gullers, K. W.; Tjerneld Staffan (1959). De lyckliga åren. Stockholm: Norstedt. Libris 2008487 - Also in English Gullers K. W., Jonson Björn, Trenter Stieg, red (1960). Huset vid Skanstull: en bok om Folksamhuset. En titt på vårt grannskaps historia. Stockholm: Rabén & Sjögren (distr.). Libris 1807232 - Also in English Gullers, K. W.; Trenter Stieg (1960). Italien ([Ny utg.]). Stockholm: Vingförl. Libris 1879842 - Also in English and Dutch (på mul) KF: bildberättelse om KF:s industriföretag. Stockholm: KF. 1960. Libris 754288 Trenter, Stieg; Gullers K. W. (1962). Mölnlycke AB. Göteborg: Studio Gullers. Libris 9986479 Gullers, K. W.; Nordström Alf (1963). Sverige: en resa genom tiderna. Stockholm. Libris 785774 - Also in English and French Trenter, Stieg; Kumlien Bertil, Gullers K. W. (1963). Wikmanshyttan: en modern svensk industri med gamla traditioner. Stockholm: Gullersproduktion. Libris 2872495 Gullers, K. W.; Strandh Sigvard, Gullers Peter (1963). Made in Sweden. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell. Libris 833818 - Also in English, French, Spanish and German Gullers, K. W.; Linklater Eric, Trenter Stieg (1964). Gullers Sverige. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell/ Geber. Libris 8081169 - Also in English and German. Gullers K. W., red (1965) (på eng). Wifstavarf. [Sundsvall]: [Sv. cellulosa AB]. Libris 1461467 Gullers, K. W.; Rock Robert (1965). Sverige/ K.W. Gullers; [text: Robert Rock]. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell: Gebers. Libris 8560266 - Also in English, French, Spanish and German Gullers, K. W.; Vahlberg Stellan, Gullers Peter (1965). Svenskar i samverkan.. Stockholm: Rabén & Sjögren. Libris 754282 - Also in English and German. Gullers, K. W.; Olsson K. W., Eksell Olle (1967). Sieverts kabelverk. Stockholm: Gullersproduktion. Libris 10894704 Gullers, Peter; Gullers K. W., Rock Robert (1968). A bit of Sweden: en bildberättelse om Finspång. Stockholm: Gullersproduktion. Libris 2250840 - Also in English Gullers, K. W.; Gullers Peter, Strandh Sigvard (1968). Sverige jorden runt. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell/Geber. Libris 2793078 - Also in English, French, Spanish and German Fisher, Max Herbert; Gullers Peter, Gullers K. W. (1968). Stora Kopparberg. Stockholm: Gullersproduktion. Libris 1694067 Gullers, K. W.; Pers Anders H. (1969). Sverige - USA: fakta, bilder, tankar kring förbindelserna Sverige - USA. [En Geber pocket]. Stockholm: [Geber]. Libris 804463 K. W. (1969). Knäpp!: fotobok för alla. Stockholm: Gullersproduktion. Libris 2082637 Gullers, K. W.; Gullers Peter, Strandh Sigvard, Lundström Stig (1970). Sverige, ditt nya land: Švedska, vaš novi dom. Stockholm: SAF. Libris 2793073 - Also in English, Finnish, French, Spanish and German Gullers K. W., Rock Robert, red (1970). Värnamo 1970. Värnamo: Lions club. Libris 1833085 Gullers, K. W.; Gullers Peter (1970) (på fre). France-Suède: les relations France-Suède : réalitéts, images et échanges de vues. En Geber pocket, 99-0125087-0. Stockholm: Geber. Libris 1833061 Gullers, K. W.; Ehrenmark Torsten, Gullers Peter (1972). Sveriges ansikte. Stockholm: Gullersproduktion/Almqvist & Wiksell. Libris 1881904 - Also in English, French, Spanish and German Gullers, K. W.; Nycop Carl-Adam (1974). Då: våra beredskapsår 1939-1945. Stockholm: Forum. Libris 7254035. Gullers, Barbara; Gullers K. W. (1974). Handarbete på nytt sätt sett. Stockholm: Gullers produktion. Libris 7746688. - Also in English, Finnish, Dutch, Japanese and Norwegian Ek, Stig; Gullers K. W. (1975). Boliden 50. Stockholm: Boliden AB. Libris 691398 - Also in English Enström Björn, Gullers K. W., Sundblad Bo, red (1976) (på eng). Sea songs. Stockholm: Gullers international. Libris 7746700. (inb.) Andersson J. Holger, Gullers Peter, red (1976). SL 100. [Stockholm]: [Gullersproduktion i samarbete med Storstockholms lokaltrafik]. Libris 7746699. (inb.) Gullers, K. W.; Enström Björn, Segerstedt Torgny T. (1976). Uppsala universitet 500. Stockholm: Gullers international. Libris 7746702. (inb.) - Also in English Gullers, K. W.; Enström Björn, Ehrenmark Torsten (1977). Dalsland. Stockholm: Gullers international. Libris 7746704. (inb.) - Also in English Gullers, K. W.; Strandell Birger (1977). Linnés Sverige. [Stockholm]: [Gullers produktion]. Libris 7746720. (inb.) - Also available in English, French and German. Gullers, K. W.; Gullers Peter, Enström Björn, Strandh Sigvard (1977). Vad Sverige kan. Höganäs: Bra böcker. Libris 175048 - Also in English, French, Russian, Spanish and German. Gullers, K. W.; Gullers Peter, Enström Björn, Arvidson Gunnar (1978). En glimt av Sverige. Stockholm: Gullers international. Libris 7746711. (inb.) Gullers, K. W.; Ehrenmark Torsten, Enström Björn (1978). Pripps 150 år: 1828-1978 : kunskap kvalitet. Stockholm: Gullersproduktion. Libris 7746707. Gullers, K. W.; Tibblin Gösta (1979). Må bättre! Sluta röka: en rökfri generation?. Stockholm: Gullers international. Libris 7746721. Gullers, K. W.; Gullers Peter, Enström Björn, Ahnlund Henrik, Hagberg Ulf Erik (1979). Västergötland. Stockholm: Gullers international. Libris 7746732. (inb.) Gullers, K. W.; Nyström Per, Enström Björn (1980) (på ger). Göteborg. Stockholm: Gullers international. Libris 7746733. (inb.) Gullers, K. W.; Enström Björn, Gullers Peter, Wilhelm Peter (1980). Svenskt know-how i 80-talet. Stockholm: Gullers international. Libris 7746749. (inb.) Gullers, K. W.; Karlsson Lars Olov, Enström Björn, Alrenius Carl Axel (1981). Statens järnvägar 125 år. Stockholm: Gullers international. Libris 7746740. (inb.) Segerstedt, Torgny T.; Rydberg Sven, Skole Robert, Gullers K. W. (1982). Marcus Wallenberg: en bildberättelse. Stockholm: Gullers pictorial. Libris 7758083. (inb.) Rydberg, Sven; Gullers Peter, Gullers K. W. (1983). Möte med Munters. Stockholm: Gullers pictorial. Libris 7758086. (inb.) Gullers, K. W. (1984). Bildminnen: 50 år med kameran. Stockholm: Bonnier fakta. Libris 7246914. (inb.) Skole, Robert; Gullers K. W., Forsberg Karl-Erik (1984) (på eng). USA, Sweden. Stockholm: Gullers pictorial. Libris 7758088. (inb.) Gullers, K. W.; Rock Robert, Hambræus Gunnar, Gullers Peter (1985). Industrin är Sverige!. Stockholm: Gullers pictorial. Libris 7758089. (inb.) Trenter, Stieg; Gullers K. W., Widerberg Bertil R., Lundin Bo, Harry Studio, Nilsson Lennart, Trenter Bo (1987). Stieg Trenters Stockholm. Stockholm: Bonnier. Libris 7147466. (inb.) Arvidson, Gunnar; Gullers Peter, Gullers K. W. (1988). Det handlar om- ICA: en rundresa i ord och bild genom ICA Sverige. Stockholm: Gullers Pictorial. Libris 7758100. (inb.) Wallén, Thord; Gullers K. W. (1990). Arbeta med förtroende: intervjuer med förtroendevalda och ombudsmän inom Svenska industritjänstemannaförbundet. Stockholm: Svenska industritjänstemannaförb. (SIF). Libris 7677871. Larsson, Mats-Arne; Gullers K. W., Feinsilber Marika (1991). Stora som små. Bromma: Opal. Libris 1219463. (inb.) Gullers, K. W.; Friedrichs Johan von, Willis Göran, Bengtsson Staffan (1995). Min tid. Stockholm: Nordiska museet. Libris 7603779. (inb.) Gullers, K. W.; Braw Daniel (2010). När vi byggde landet: KW Gullers bilder av efterkrigstidens Sverige. Örebro: Gullers. Libris 11814685. (inb.) Stills photographer Gullers was stills photographer on several TV dramas written by Steig Trenter 1987 Träff i helfigur (TV Movie) (still photographer - as K W Gullers) 1987 Lysande landning (TV Movie) (still photographer - as K W Gullers) 1987 Idag röd (TV Movie) (still photographer - as K W Gullers) Pictures by Karl W. Gullers Portraits Other subjects External links National Photographic Register K W Gullers at Nordiska Museet, Sweden K W Gullers bibliography at the National Library of Sweden Studio Gullers record on KulturNav, Sweden K W Gullers' imagery at DigitalMuseum References Swedish photographers Documentary photographers War photographers Social documentary photographers 1916 births 1998 deaths Museum of Modern Art (New York City) exhibitions Artists from Stockholm

<mask>  (September 5, 1916– February 21, 1998), was a Swedish press and commercial photographer, and also the model for Stieg Trenter's crime novel Harry Friberg. <mask>ers and it was active until 1978. Early years <mask> was one of five children of Emil, a lawyer and farmer's son from Rising, Östergötland (one of the founders of what is now the Swedish Liberal Party) and <mask>, a teacher. He grew up in Klara, the most central parish in Stockholm. He was brother of <mask>, and half-brother of <mask>, <mask>, Sigrid Augusta Järemo and <mask>. He frequently borrowed his brother's camera and at the age of twelve his father bought him his own, a Kodak Brownie box camera. Three years later, in 1932, he began working for Anders Forsner, a leading photographer in Stockholm, who gave him his photographic education.He also photographed after hours, learning to use available light, which he continued to favour even for industrial photography. He was one of the founders of the blixthatarnas förening (‘flash-haters association') for hard-core press photographers. At eighteen years old, he received a scholarship for a trip to England. The trip piqued his interest in photojournalism. Photography Returning to Sweden, Gullers started working with photographer Jan de Meyere, known for his distinctive high-key portraits, at Kungsgatan 19, the street where Gullers had his studio for twenty years. He also worked as aerial photographer at Aeromateriel AB for three summers producing photographs for the first book depicting Sweden from the air. In 1938 Gullers started its own company, Studio Gullers at St Eriksgatan in Stockholm which he operated for forty years.He later employed other photographers to assist with its burgeoning business; notably his son <mask> who later became an architectural photographer and also published many books, Bo Trenter (son of his friend Steig), and Georg Sessler and Björn Enström who both worked there for twenty five years. Assisting were Gullers' then wife Ingvor and Magda Persson, a skilled copyist, both recruited from Jan de Meyere's studio. After few years at St. Eriksgatan, Studio Gullers moved into one of the 1906 Kungstorn tower blocks at Kungsgatan 30. Studio Gullers AB Gullers Production Ltd was also a book publisher. On September 1, 1939, <mask> was enlisted at Västerås in 1940 and later was deployed as a war photographer. There he befriended Stieg Trenter who based his novel Harry Friberg on the photographer. They remained close until Trenters' death in 1967, and the writer's novels were used as the screenplays for a 1987 TV drama series in which the part of Harry Friberg was played by Örjan Ramberg; Träff i helfigur, Lysande landning, and Idag röd.In an accompanying TV Movie documentary Stieg Trenter - Ett porträtt, Gullers appeared as himself. Immediately after the war Gullers went to the US where he produced work for magazines and some industrial photography. Fascinated with the photo-books that started appearing in the US about that time, and meeting many of the photographers who had produced them, he returned to Stockholm inspired. He found a publisher for a picture-book on Stockholm which came out in 1946. In 1947 Ziff-Davis in Chicago also published one of his earliest books. He started to spend about 200 days of the year travelling the world. Recognition and contribution During the years 1938-46, Gullers contributed pictures to a series of Swedish and foreign journals, including Picture Post, Illustrated, Se and Vi, and also wrote articles himself.<mask> had his first exhibition, "A bit of Sweden" in London in 1942. The pictures were primarily from his documentation of Sweden during the War and propaganda he produced for the government, but also of Swedish industry. In 1953, <mask> became chairman of Svenska Fotografers Förbund (SFF). Over four years as chairman he worked with, inter alia, Kerstin Bernhard and <mask> on training standards and legal and pricing issues. He was succeeded by Curt Götlin. <mask> was also active in the Nordiska fotografförbundet (‘Nordic Photographic Association’) for fifteen years and was a founding member of Europhot (European Association for the Photographer). He was included in Postwar European Photography, May 26 to 23 August 23, 1953, at the Museum of Modern Art.Gullers' representation of Swedish poverty, a Karelian grandmother embracing her granddaughter on a low bed, her bare feet resting on worn floorboards as she rocks a baby in a makeshift cradle, was seen by Edward Steichen. He selected it for the 1955 world-touring Museum of Modern Art exhibition The Family of Man seen by 9 million visitors. From 1957 Gullers became one of the first Stockholm studios with its own Type C colour laboratory, for twelve years producing thousands of photographs a week, and for commissions from major Swedish companies ASEA, Astra, Fiskeby, Volvo, Svenska Metallverken, Stora, Kopparberg, Möln-lycke Väfveriakriebolag, amongst others, exclusively using the Swedish medium-format Hasselblad camera. As a result his books were from then on exclusively in colour. He presented Swedish Industry in Colour, an exhibition that was part of the Sweden Comes to Britain 1961–62 campaign at the Federation of British Industries headquarters, in Tothill Street, London and colour printing of the 85 images was funded by the commissioning companies. <mask> was the first Swedish photojournalist to have a solo exhibition in Sweden, at the gallery De Unga in Stockholm, following international exhibitions of his work held in London, New York and Chicago, and elsewhere. In 1963, Studio Gullers celebrated its twenty-fifth birthday with a major exhibition at the Ealing Technical College March 19–31, and the book Made in Sweden.Legacy In 1990, the Nordic Museum purchased Guller's collection of pictures from 1938-78. The collection consists of approximately 470,000 negatives, monochrome and colour, most in 6x6 format. There are also approximately 5,000 archival copies of size 24x30 cm and over 100,000 contact sheets. The collection also includes a negative ledger, a copy of the first editions of sixty-two book titles, press releases and two cameras; his Kodak Brownie and a Rolleiflex. Among subjects of his portraits are Charlie Chaplin (1945), Ingrid Bergman (1945), Ingrid Bergman and Alfred Hitchcock (1946), Gregory Peck (1945), Orson <mask> (1952), John Steinbeck (1947),  Bruno Mathsson (1951), Duke Ellington (1945), Royal Prince Bertel (1940s), Astrid Lindgren (1952), and Prince Carl XVI Gustaf (1952) Personal life In 1937 Gullers married Ingvor Margareta Alberts (April 4, 1914 – August 21, 2009). They had a son Peter (b.1938), two daughters Ingela Rudebeck <mask> (1949-1973), and Kristina <mask> (Levander). Gullers later married author Barbara Donnely.Exhibitions 1946: Jan 20–Feb 3, Sweden: A Workshop of Democracy, American Swedish Historical Museum, solo show of fifty photographs. 1948 solo show, De Unga Gallery, Stockholm 1960 Swedish Industry in Colour during 'Sweden Comes to Britain 1961–62' exposition at the Federation of British Industries headquarters, Tothill Street, London 1963 solo show at Ealing Technical College, London, March 19–31. 1993 KW Gullers: Photo Memories, Mölndal museum 2013: Jan 16–Aug 18 Folkhemmets kändisar ('Celebrity Photographs'), group exhibition from the collection, Nordiska Museet. 2013-2015: images included in travelling group exhibition Folkhemmets room, Nordiska Museet. Bibliography <mask> founded his own publisher Guller, which under his management released more than 80 photo books. Asklund, Erik; Gullers K. W. (1946). Stockholm - sommarstaden.Stockholm: Kooperativa förb. Libris 1387945 - Also available in English, French and German. <mask>, K. W.; Reichardt Howard E. (1947) (på eng). Sweden. Chicago: Ziff-Davis Pub. Co. Libris 1739777 Munthe, Gustaf; Gullers K. W. (1947). Göteborg - hamnstaden.Stockholm: Vi/Kooperativa förb. Libris 1411241 - Also in English and Spanish. Munthe, Gustaf; Gullers K. W. (1948). Sverige från luften. Stockholm: Kooperativa förb. Libris 1411242 - Also in English and German. <mask>, K. W.; Trenter Stieg (1949).Italien. Stockholm: Kooperativa förb. Libris 1971249 <mask>, K. W.; Asklund Erik (1949). Stockholm bakom fasaden. Stockholm: Koop. förb. Libris 1462606 Munthe, Gustaf; Gullers K. W. (1949).Mölnlycke väfveri aktiebolag 100 år. Göteborg. Libris 8210843 Lyttkens, Alice; Gullers K. W. (1950). I kvinnans värld. Stockholm: Kooperativa förb. Libris 1402455 <mask>, K. W.; Johnson Eyvind (1951). England.Stockholm: Veckotidningen Vi/Kooperativa förb. Libris 1451951 <mask>, K. W.; Hoel Sigurd (1951). Norge. Glimtar av ett stort litet land. [Stockholm]: KF. Libris 1451961 - Also in Norwegian Gullers, K. W.; <mask> Ragnar, Strömberg C.A. (1952).Teknis i bild: KTH : research and technical education in Sweden. Stockholm: Strömberg. Libris 736976 <mask>, K. W. (1952). Gullers nya Sverigebok: en resa i bilder. Stockholm: P. A. Norstedt & Söner. Libris 2677968 - Also in English* Gullers, K. W.; Trenter Stieg (1953). Gamla stan.Stockholm: Norstedt. Libris 1451965 Also in English and German. <mask>, K. W.; Munthe Gustaf (1953). Norrköping: staden vid strömmen. Stockholm: Sv. turistförl. Libris 1451963 - Also in English 1954 <mask>, K. W. (1954).Sverige - vårt land: färgbilder. Stockholm: Norstedt. Libris 1451960 - Also in English, French, Spanish and German Gullers, K. W. (1954). Foto för alla. Stockholm: Norstedt. Libris 1451952 _ Also in Danish, Finnish and Norwegian Andersson, Ingvar (1955). Uddeholm: Värmlandsbruk med världsrykte.[Uddeholm]: [Uddeholms AB]. Libris 1433896 - Also in English <mask>, K. W. (1956). Sverige, vattenland. Stockholm: Norstedt. Libris 1995196 - Also available in English, French and German. <mask>, Ingvor; Gullers K. W. (1957). Jul.Stockholm: Norstedt. Libris 10542220 - Also in English and German. Möllerström, Sten; Eksell Olle, Gullers K. W. (1957). The metal way: en bildberättelse om AB Svenska metallverken. Stockholm: Sv. metallverken. Libris 1181524 Also in English, Portuguese, Spanish and German.Linklater, Eric; Gullers K. W. (1958) (på eng). Karina with love. London: Macmillan. Libris 1754995 <mask>, K. W.; Tjerneld Staffan (1959). De lyckliga åren. Stockholm: Norstedt. Libris 2008487 - Also in English Gullers K. W., Jonson Björn, Trenter Stieg, red (1960).Huset vid Skanstull: en bok om Folksamhuset. En titt på vårt grannskaps historia. Stockholm: Rabén & Sjögren (distr.). Libris 1807232 - Also in English Gullers, K. W.; Trenter Stieg (1960). Italien ([Ny utg.]). Stockholm: Vingförl. Libris 1879842 - Also in English and Dutch (på mul) KF: bildberättelse om KF:s industriföretag.Stockholm: KF. 1960. Libris 754288 Trenter, Stieg; Gullers K. W. (1962). Mölnlycke AB. Göteborg: Studio Gullers. Libris 9986479 Gullers, K. W.; Nordström Alf (1963). Sverige: en resa genom tiderna.Stockholm. Libris 785774 - Also in English and French Trenter, Stieg; Kumlien Bertil, Gullers K. W. (1963). Wikmanshyttan: en modern svensk industri med gamla traditioner. Stockholm: Gullersproduktion. Libris 2872495 Gullers, K. W.; Strandh Sigvard, Gullers Peter (1963). Made in Sweden. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell.Libris 833818 - Also in English, French, Spanish and German Gullers, K. W.; Linklater Eric, Trenter Stieg (1964). Gullers Sverige. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell/ Geber. Libris 8081169 - Also in English and German. Gullers K. W., red (1965) (på eng). <mask>varf. [Sundsvall]: [Sv.cellulosa AB]. Libris 1461467 <mask>, K. W.; Rock Robert (1965). Sverige/ K.W. Gullers; [text: Robert Rock]. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell: Gebers. Libris 8560266 - Also in English, French, Spanish and German Gullers, K. W.; Vahlberg Stellan, Gullers Peter (1965). Svenskar i samverkan.. Stockholm: Rabén & Sjögren.Libris 754282 - Also in English and German. <mask>, K. W.; Olsson K. W., Eksell Olle (1967). Sieverts kabelverk. Stockholm: Gullersproduktion. Libris 10894704 <mask>, Peter; <mask> K. W., Rock Robert (1968). A bit of Sweden: en bildberättelse om Finspång. Stockholm: Gullersproduktion.Libris 2250840 - Also in English <mask>, K. W.; Gullers Peter, Strandh Sigvard (1968). Sverige jorden runt. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell/Geber. Libris 2793078 - Also in English, French, Spanish and German Fisher, Max Herbert; <mask> Peter, Gullers K. W. (1968). Stora Kopparberg. Stockholm: Gullersproduktion. Libris 1694067 <mask>, K. W.; Pers Anders H. (1969).Sverige - USA: fakta, bilder, tankar kring förbindelserna Sverige - USA. [En Geber pocket]. Stockholm: [Geber]. Libris 804463 K. W. (1969). Knäpp! : fotobok för alla. Stockholm: Gullersproduktion.Libris 2082637 <mask>, K. W.; Gullers Peter, Strandh Sigvard, Lundström Stig (1970). Sverige, ditt nya land: Švedska, vaš novi dom. Stockholm: SAF. Libris 2793073 - Also in English, Finnish, French, Spanish and German Gullers K. W., Rock Robert, red (1970). Värnamo 1970. Värnamo: Lions club. Libris 1833085 <mask>, K. W.; Gullers Peter (1970) (på fre).France-Suède: les relations France-Suède : réalitéts, images et échanges de vues. En Geber pocket, 99-0125087-0. Stockholm: Geber. Libris 1833061 <mask>, K. W.; Ehrenmark Torsten, Gullers Peter (1972). Sveriges ansikte. Stockholm: Gullersproduktion/Almqvist & Wiksell. Libris 1881904 - Also in English, French, Spanish and German Gullers, K. W.; Nycop Carl-Adam (1974).Då: våra beredskapsår 1939-1945. Stockholm: Forum. Libris 7254035. <mask>, Barbara; Gullers K. W. (1974). Handarbete på nytt sätt sett. Stockholm: Gullers produktion. Libris 7746688.- Also in English, Finnish, Dutch, Japanese and Norwegian Ek, Stig; Gullers K. W. (1975). Boliden 50. Stockholm: Boliden AB. Libris 691398 - Also in English Enström Björn, Gullers K. W., Sundblad Bo, red (1976) (på eng). Sea songs. Stockholm: Gullers international. Libris 7746700.(inb.) Andersson J. Holger, <mask> Peter, red (1976). SL 100. [Stockholm]: [Gullersproduktion i samarbete med Storstockholms lokaltrafik]. Libris 7746699. (inb.) <mask>, K. W.; Enström Björn, Segerstedt Torgny T. (1976).Uppsala universitet 500. Stockholm: Gullers international. Libris 7746702. (inb.) - Also in English Gullers, K. W.; Enström Björn, Ehrenmark Torsten (1977). Dalsland. Stockholm: Gullers international.Libris 7746704. (inb.) - Also in English Gullers, K. W.; Strandell Birger (1977). Linnés Sverige. [Stockholm]: [Gullers produktion]. Libris 7746720. (inb.)- Also available in English, French and German. <mask>, K. W.; <mask> Peter, Enström Björn, Strandh Sigvard (1977). Vad Sverige kan. Höganäs: Bra böcker. Libris 175048 - Also in English, French, Russian, Spanish and German. <mask>, K. W.; <mask> Peter, Enström Björn, Arvidson Gunnar (1978). En glimt av Sverige. Stockholm: Gullers international.Libris 7746711. (inb.) <mask>, K. W.; Ehrenmark Torsten, Enström Björn (1978). Pripps 150 år: 1828-1978 : kunskap kvalitet. Stockholm: Gullersproduktion. Libris 7746707. <mask>, K. W.; Tibblin Gösta (1979).Må bättre! Sluta röka: en rökfri generation?. Stockholm: Gullers international. Libris 7746721. <mask>, K. W.; Gullers Peter, Enström Björn, Ahnlund Henrik, Hagberg Ulf Erik (1979). Västergötland. Stockholm: Gullers international.Libris 7746732. (inb.) <mask>, K. W.; Nyström Per, Enström Björn (1980) (på ger). Göteborg. Stockholm: Gullers international. Libris 7746733. (inb.)Gullers, K. W.; Enström Björn, <mask> Peter, <mask> (1980). Svenskt know-how i 80-talet. Stockholm: Gullers international. Libris 7746749. (inb.) <mask>, K. W.; <mask> Lars Olov, Enström Björn, Alrenius Carl Axel (1981). Statens järnvägar 125 år.Stockholm: Gullers international. Libris 7746740. (inb.) Segerstedt, Torgny T.; Rydberg Sven, Skole Robert, Gullers K. W. (1982). <mask>: en bildberättelse. Stockholm: Gullers pictorial. Libris 7758083.(inb.) Rydberg, Sven; <mask> Peter, Gullers K. W. (1983). Möte med Munters. Stockholm: Gullers pictorial. Libris 7758086. (inb.) <mask>, K. W. (1984).Bildminnen: 50 år med kameran. Stockholm: Bonnier fakta. Libris 7246914. (inb.) Skole, Robert; Gullers K. W., Forsberg <mask> (1984) (på eng). USA, Sweden. Stockholm: Gullers pictorial.Libris 7758088. (inb.) Gullers, K. W.; Rock Robert, Hambræus Gunnar, <mask> Peter (1985). Industrin är Sverige!. Stockholm: Gullers pictorial. Libris 7758089. (inb.)Trenter, Stieg; Gullers K. W., <mask> Bertil R., Lundin Bo, Harry Studio, Nilsson Lennart, Trenter Bo (1987). Stieg Trenters Stockholm. Stockholm: Bonnier. Libris 7147466. (inb.) Arvidson, Gunnar; <mask> Peter, Gullers K. W. (1988). Det handlar om- ICA: en rundresa i ord och bild genom ICA Sverige.Stockholm: Gullers Pictorial. Libris 7758100. (inb.) <mask>, Thord; Gullers K. W. (1990). Arbeta med förtroende: intervjuer med förtroendevalda och ombudsmän inom Svenska industritjänstemannaförbundet. Stockholm: Svenska industritjänstemannaförb. (SIF).Libris 7677871. Larsson, Mats-Arne; Gullers K. W., Feinsilber Marika (1991). Stora som små. Bromma: Opal. Libris 1219463. (inb.) <mask>, K. W.; Friedrichs Johan von, <mask>, Bengtsson Staffan (1995).Min tid. Stockholm: Nordiska museet. Libris 7603779. (inb.) <mask>, K. W.; Braw Daniel (2010). När vi byggde landet: KW Gullers bilder av efterkrigstidens Sverige. Örebro: Gullers.Libris 11814685. (inb.) Stills photographer <mask> was stills photographer on several TV dramas written by Steig Trenter 1987 Träff i helfigur (TV Movie) (still photographer - as K W Gullers) 1987 Lysande landning (TV Movie) (still photographer - as K W Gullers) 1987 Idag röd (TV Movie) (still photographer - as K W Gullers) Pictures by <mask>. Gullers Portraits Other subjects External links National Photographic Register K W Gullers at Nordiska Museet, Sweden K W Gullers bibliography at the National Library of Sweden Studio Gullers record on KulturNav, Sweden K W Gullers' imagery at DigitalMuseum References Swedish photographers Documentary photographers War photographers Social documentary photographers 1916 births 1998 deaths Museum of Modern Art (New York City) exhibitions Artists from Stockholm

The model for Harry Friberg was <mask>, who was a Swedish press and commercial photographer. studio gullers was the name of his photography business which was active until 1978. One of the five children of a farmer's son from Rising and a teacher from stergtland was Gullers. He grew up in the central parish of Klara. He was half-brother of several people, including <mask>, <mask> and Sigrid Augusta Jremo. His father bought him a Kodak box Brownie camera at the age of twelve after he borrowed his brother's camera. He began working for Forsner three years later.He continued to favour industrial photography even after learning to use available light. He was one of the founding members of the blixthatarnas frening. He received a scholarship when he was eighteen years old. The trip made him want to be a photographer. Photographer Jan de Meyere, known for his distinctive high-key portraits, started working with Gullers after he returned to Sweden. He worked as an aerial photographer at Aeromateriel for three summers and produced photographs for the first book depicting Sweden from the air. He operated the studio gullers for forty years.He later employed other photographers to assist with its burgeoning business, including his son <mask> who later became an architectural photographer and also published many books. Ingvor and Magda Persson were recruited from Jan de Meyere's studio. The studio moved into one of the towertorn blocks at Kungsgatan 30. The studio was also a book publisher. On September 1, 1939, <mask> was enlisted at Vsters and later was deployed as a war photographer. He befriended the author of the novel Harry Friberg. Trenters' novels were used as the screenplays for a 1987 TV drama series in which the part of Harry Friberg was played by rjan Ramberg.In an accompanying TV Movie documentary, <mask> appeared as himself. He went to the US after the war to work on magazines and industrial photography. He was inspired to return to Sweden after meeting many of the photographers who produced the photo-books in the US. He was able to find a publisher for a picture-book on Stockholm. One of Ziff-Davis' earliest books was published in Chicago in 1947. He was travelling the world for about 200 days a year. <mask> contributed pictures to a series of Swedish and foreign journals, as well as writing articles himself."A bit of Sweden" was the first exhibition by <mask>. The pictures were mostly from his documentation of Sweden during the War and propaganda he produced for the government. The chairman of SFF was <mask>. During his four years as chairman, he worked with Kerstin Bernhard and <mask> on training standards and legal issues. He was succeeded by someone else. <mask> was a founding member of Europhot, the European Association for the Photographer, for fifteen years. He was included in Postwar European Photography at the Museum of Modern Art.Edward Steichen saw a representation of Swedish poverty, a Karelian grandmother embracing her granddaughter on a low bed, her bare feet resting on worn floorboards as she rocks a baby in a makeshift cradle. The Museum of Modern Art exhibition The Family of Man was seen by 9 million visitors. For twelve years Gullers produced thousands of photographs a week and was one of the first studios in Sweden to have a Type C colour laboratory. His books were all in colour. The exhibition was part of the Sweden Comes to Britain campaign and was funded by the commission companies. After international exhibitions of his work held in London, New York and Chicago, the first Swedish photographer to have a solo exhibition in Sweden was Gullers. In 1963, the studio celebrated its twenty-fifth birthday with an exhibition and a book called Made in Sweden.The Nordic Museum purchased a collection of pictures. Most of the negatives are in 6x6 format. There are over 100,000 contact sheets and 5,000 archival copies of size 24x30 cm. A negative ledger, a copy of the first editions of sixty-two book titles, press releases and two cameras are included in the collection. The subjects of his portraits are Charlie Chaplin, John Steinbeck, Bruno Mathsson, Duke Ellington, and Royal Prince Bertel. They had four children, two daughters and a son. Barbara Donnely was married to <mask>.The American Swedish Historical Museum has a solo show of fifty photographs. The exhibition 'Sweden Comes to Britain 1961–62' was held at the Federation of British Industries headquarters on Tothill Street in London. Folkhemmets kndisar (' Celebrity Photographs'), a group exhibition from the collection, is at the Mlndal museum. There are images in the Folkhemmets room. More than 80 photo books were released by Guller, which was founded by Gullers. Asklund and Gullers K. W. were both born in1946. Sommarstaden is located in Stockholm.The city of Stockholm has a Kooperativa frb. You can find it in English, French and German. K. W. and Reichardt Howard E. were both born in 1947. Sweden. Ziff-Davis Pub is in Chicago. Gullers K. W. was the author of Co. Libris 1739777 Munthe. There is a hamnstaden in Gteborg.The name of the city is Stockholm: vi/kooperativa frb. Also in Spanish and English. Munthe and Gullers K. W. Sverige, luften. The city of Stockholm has a Kooperativa frb. Also in English and German. Gullers, K. W.; Trenter Stieg.Italien. The city of Stockholm has a Kooperativa frb. Gullers, K. W.; Asksson, 1949. The city of Stockholm has a fasaden. The name of the city is Stockholm: Koop. It's frb. The book was written by Munthe and Gullers K. W.Mlnlycke vfveri is 100 r. Gteborg is a city in Sweden. Alice and Gullers K. W. were in the same book. I kvinnans. The city of Stockholm has a Kooperativa frb. <mask>, K. W.; Eyvind, Johnson. England.Veckotidningen is located in Stockholm. Gullers, K. W.; Hoel Sigurd. There is a country called Norge. Av stort litet land. STOCKHOLM: KF. Also in Norwegian Gullers, K. W., and Strmberg C.A. The year 1952.KTH is research and technical education in Sweden. Strmberg is in Sweden. Gullers, K. W. was published in 1952. Sverigebok: en resa i bilder. P. A. Norstedt and Sner are from Sweden. The book is also in English. The stan is called Gamla stan.Norstedt is in Sweden. Also in English and German. <mask>, K. W.; Munthe Gustaf. Norrkping, staden vid strmmen. The name of the city is Stockholm. turistfrl Also in English, in 1954.Sverige is vrt land. Norstedt is in Sweden. The book was written in English, French, Spanish, and German. Foto fr alla. Norstedt is in Sweden. Also in Nordic countries, such as Danes, Finns, and Norwegians. Vrmlandsbruk med vrldsrykte.[Uddeholm]: [Uddeholms] Also in English Gullers, K. W. Sverige is from vattenland. Norstedt is in Sweden. The book is available in English, French and German. Ingvor and Gullers K.W. were authors. Jul.Norstedt is in Sweden. Also in English and German. Mllerstrm; Eksell Olle. The metal way is in bildberttelse. The name of the city is Stockholm. metallverken Also in English, Portuguese, Spanish and German.Linklater, Eric; <mask>, K. W. Karina is in love. London: Macmillan. <mask>, K. W.; Staffan, Tj. De lyckliga ren. Norstedt is in Sweden. Also in English, Jonson Bjrn, Trenter Stieg, red.The Folksamhuset video is called Huset vid Skanstull. P vrt grannskaps historia. Rabén and Sjgren are from Sweden. Also in English Gullers, K. W. Italien is a word. The name of the city is Vingfrl. The book was written in English and Dutch.The city of Stockholm is called KF. 1960. There is a book called Libris 754288 Trenter. Mlnlycke is based in Sweden. There is a studio in Gteborg. Gullers, K. W.; was published in 1963. Sverige: en resa genom tiderna.The city of Stockholm. The book is in English and French. Modern svensk industri med gamla traditioner. Sweden has a Gullersproduktion. The book was written by <mask>, K. W., and Sigvard, Gullers Peter. It was made in Sweden. There are two people in Stockholm: Almqvist and <mask>.The book is in English, French, Spanish and German. The devils Sverige. The name of the city is STOCKHOLM. Also in English and German. Gullers K. W. was red. <mask>stavarf. Sundsvall: [Sv.cellulosa <mask>, K. W.; Rock Robert. Sverige and K.W. are related. The text: Robert Rock. The names of the two men are: Almqvist and <mask>. The book is in English, French, Spanish and German. Stockholm: Rabén & Sjgren.Also in English and German. K. W., Eksell Olle were authors. Sieverts kabelverk. Sweden has a Gullersproduktion. The book was written by Peter, K.W., and Rock Robert. A bit of Sweden. Sweden has a Gullersproduktion.Also in English are Gullers Peter and K. W. Sverige rant. Almqvist and <mask> are from Sweden. The book is in English, French, Spanish and German. The person is Stora Kopparberg. Sweden has a Gullersproduktion. There is a book called Libris 1694067 Gullers, K. W.Sverige - USA: fakta, bilder, tankar. The pocket was called En Geber. The city of Stockholm: [Geber]. The book was written by K. W. Knpp! Fotobok fr alla. Sweden has a Gullersproduktion.W., Gullers Peter, and Lundstrm Stig were in the same book. vedska, va novi dom, is the land of Sverige. The city of Stockholm is called the SAF. Also in English, Finn, French, Spanish, German, and Rock Robert's red colour. Vrnamo 1970. The Lions club is in Vrnamo. K. W. and Gullers Peter were in the same book.France-Sude: Les relations France-Sude. The pocket is called En Geber. The name of the city is Stockholm: Geber. <mask>, K. W.; Ehrenmark Torsten, Gullers Peter. Sveriges ansikte. The name of the company is Gullersproduktion/Almqvist. The book was written in English, French, Spanish, and German.Vra beredskapsr 1939-1945. The forum is in Sweden. 7254035 is a book. Barbara and K. W<mask> were both born in 1974. Handarbete p sett. There is a Gullers produktion in Stockholm. There is a book called Libris.Also in English, Finn, Dutch, Japanese, and Norwegian Ek. Boliden 50. Boliden is located in Stockholm. Also in English Enstrm Bjrn, Gullers K. W., and Sundblad Bo. Sea songs. Sweden has a Gullers international. There is a book called Libris 7746700.(inb.) Gullers Peter, red, was written by Andersson J. Holger. There is a limit to the number of SL 100. Gullersproduktion i samarbete med Storstockholms lokaltrafik. There is a book called Libris 7746699. (inb.) <mask>, K. W.; Enstrm Bjrn, Torgny T.The universitet 500 in Uppsala. Sweden has a Gullers international. There is a book called Libris. (inb.) Also in English Gullers, K. W., Enstrm Bjrn, and Ehrenmark Torsten. Dalsland. Sweden has a Gullers international.There is a book called Libris. (inb.) Also in English gullers, K. W. Linnés Sverige is a person. The person said, "Gullers produktion." There is a book called Libris. (inb.)It's also available in English, French and German. <mask>, K. W., and Gullers Peter were authors. Hgans: Bra bcker. Also in English, French, Russian, Spanish and German. Gullers, K. W., and Gullers Peter were authors. Sverige av glimt. Sweden has a Gullers international.There is a book called Libris. (inb.) <mask>, K. W.; Ehrenmark Torsten, Enstrm. Pripps 150 r was published in 1978. Sweden has a Gullersproduktion. There is a book called Libris. K. W. and Tibblin Gsta were authors.M bttre! Sluta rka: en rkfri generation? Sweden has a Gullers international. There is a book called Libris. Gullers, K. W., and Gullers Peter are both from the same area. Vstergtland. Sweden has a Gullers international.There is a book called Libris. (inb.) Gullers, K. W.; Per, Enstrm. Gteborg is a city in Sweden. Sweden has a Gullers international. There is a book called Libris. (inb.)<mask>, K. W., Enstrm Bjrn, and <mask> Peter were authors. I know-how. Sweden has a Gullers international. There is a book called Libris. (inb.) Gullers, K. W.; Olov, Enstrm. Statens jrnvgar 125 r.Sweden has a Gullers international. There is a book called Libris. (inb.) Torgny T., Skole Robert, and Gullers K. W. collaborated on a paper. <mask>. There is a picture of gulls in Stockholm. There is a book called Libris808 7753.(inb.) Gullers Peter and Gullers K. W. were authors. Mte med Munters. There is a picture of gulls in Stockholm. There is a book called Libris808 7756. (inb.) K. W. Gullers.50 r med kameran. Bonnier fakta is in Sweden. There is a book called Libris. (inb.) Skole, Robert; Gullers K. W. USA and Sweden. There is a picture of gulls in Stockholm.There is a book called Libris 7758088. (inb.) K. W., Rock Robert, and Gullers Peter were authors. Industrin r Sverige! There is a picture of gulls in Stockholm. There is a book called Libris8089. (inb.)Trenter Bo, Gullers K. W., <mask>rberg Bertil R., Lundin Bo, Harry Studio, and Trenter Bo all appeared in 1987. The Trenters are in Stockholm. Bonnier is a city in Sweden. There is a book called Libris 7147466. (inb.) Gullers Peter and Arvidson were both authors. I ord att ICA Sverige.There is a photo of the gulls in Stockholm. There is a book called Libris 7758100. (inb.) <mask>én and Gullers collaborated on a book. Intervjuer med frtroendevalda. The city of Stockholm has a name: Svenska industritjnstemannafrb. (SIF)There is a book called Libris. Feinsilber Marika was written by Gullers K. W. Stora som sm. The name of the person is Opal. There is a book called Libris 1219463. (inb.) <mask>, K. W.; von, Friedrichs, Gran, and Staffan (1995).There is a Min tid. Sweden: Nordiska museet. There is a book called Libris 7603779. (inb.) Braw Daniel; Gullers. Nr vi byggde landet. rebro was talking about gullers.There is a book called Libris. (inb.) K W <mask> was a stills photographer on several TV dramas.

8185030

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl%20Theodore%20Vogelgesang

Carl Theodore Vogelgesang

Carl Theodore Vogelgesang (January 11, 1869 – February 16, 1927) was a United States Navy rear admiral and Navy Cross recipient. He was the first U.S. Navy flag officer from California. Early life Vogelgesang was born at North Branch, California, on 11 January 1869, one of ten children (six boys and four girls) born to John Henry Vogelgesang and his wife, Anna Elizabeth (maiden name Vennigerholz). The youngest of the six sons, he received his education in the public schools of Stockton, California. United States Naval Academy While in his senior year of high school he was given an opportunity to enter a competitive examination for entrance into the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland. He won the appointment, and went on to Washington, D.C., where he was the protégé of Congressman James A. Louttit of Stockton. In order to reach Annapolis in time, he was granted his high school diploma in advance. He passed the final examination at Annapolis in June 1886, was appointed a naval cadet—the term then applied to young men studying at the Naval Academy—on 6 September 1886, and graduated on 6 June 1890. Graduates at that time were given the privilege of remaining in the Navy or retiring. In answer to a letter asking his mother's advice, she said, "My son, as long as the government has given you your education, you should repay with your service". Vogelgesang followed her advice, and never regretted his decision. Marriage and family On December 27, 1899, Vogelgesang married Zenaide Shepard, daughter of Admiral Edwin M. Shepard. Their children were a son, Shepard, and a daughter, Zenaide. Early service Upon graduation from the Naval Academy, Vogelgesang began active duty as a passed naval cadet aboard the gunboat USS Alliance. At the completion of his requisite two years of sea duty before final graduation, he was commissioned as an ensign on 14 July 1892 to date from 1 July 1892. Successive tours of duty on board screw sloop USS Adams and sloop of war USS Mohican occupied his time until 1895 when he was ordered to Washington, D.C., for duty in the Bureau of Navigation. Detached from that post on 29 August 1896, Ensign Vogelgesang reported to the gunboat USS Bancroft on 3 September 1896. Spanish–American and Philippine–American Wars Bancroft remained Vogelgesangs home through the Spanish–American War of 1898. During that war, Vogelgesang served in her during convoy escort missions and on blockade duty off Havana, Cuba, and near the Isle of Pines. Vogelgesang received the Spanish Campaign Medal for this service. A tour of duty in the stores ship USS Celtic followed during which Celtic supported operations in the Philippine–American War; Vogelgesang received the Philippine Campaign Medal in 1899 for this service. Peacetime service, 1900–1914 He then served at the New York Navy Yard in Brooklyn, New York, in conjunction with the fitting out of battleships USS Kentucky (Battleship No. 6) and USS Wisconsin (Battleship No. 9) followed. On 6 June 1904, Vogelgesang returned to the Bureau of Navigation for a two-year tour of duty, during which he attained the rank of lieutenant commander on 1 July 1905. A fifteen-month assignment as navigator on board battleship USS Louisiana (Battleship No. 19) followed from June 1906 to September 1907, during which he was awarded the Army of Cuban Pacification Medal in 1906. This was followed by his first command, the Presidential yacht USS Mayflower during the latter part of the administration of President Theodore Roosevelt. That tour of duty ended in March 1908 when he transferred to the battleship USS Wisconsin as navigator. In May 1909, Lieutenant Commander Vogelgesang reported for duty ashore once more, this time to study at the Naval War College at Newport, Rhode Island. where he taught the Science of War. In this assignment he was instrumental in working out a course of study which was adopted and remains in use. On 2 May 1911, near the end of his assignment at the War College, Vogelgesang was promoted to full commander. On 2 May 1912, Vogelgesang transferred to the battleship USS Wyoming (Battleship No. 32) to fit her out. When she was commissioned, he assumed duty as her executive officer. Veracruz In late January 1914, Commander Vogelgesang was ordered to protected cruiser USS Des Moines (Cruiser No. 15) to serve as her commanding officer. During his tour aboard Des Moines, he was awarded the Mexican Campaign Medal for his service in quelling the uprising at Veracruz, Mexico, during the United States occupation of Veracruz. He commanded Des Moines until 23 October 1914. Naval War College, World War I, and Navy Cross On 21 November 1914, Vogelgesang reported for duty at the Naval War College and remained there until the beginning of 1917, when he became Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief, United States Asiatic Fleet. Just after assuming the duties of that office, he received his promotion to captain, to date from 29 August 1916. During his tour of duty with the Asiatic Fleet he received the Navy Cross, with the following citation: "For exceptionally meritorious service in duty of great responsibility as Chief of Staff to Commander-in-Chief, U. S. Asiatic Fleet." In January 1918, Captain Vogelgesang relinquished his position as Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief Asiatic Fleet, and reported to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, as senior officer of the American naval commission. During his tour in Brazil, he worked with the Brazilian Naval College. In 1919, Captain Vogelgesang received the World War I Victory Medal. Post-World War I service On 9 January 1919, Captain Vogelgesang reported to the New York Shipbuilding Company as Naval Inspector of Machinery and took charge of the fitting out of battleship USS Idaho (Battleship No. 42) at Camden, New Jersey. He assumed command of Idaho when she was placed in commission on 24 March 1919. He commanded Idaho until June 1920 when he became the Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief, United States Atlantic Fleet. In June 1921, Captain Vogelgesang became Commandant, 3rd Naval District, at New York City, headquartered at the New York Navy Yard in Brooklyn. Naval Commissioner to Brazil In 1922, the President of Brazil sent a request to President Warren G. Harding asking that Admiral Vogelgesang be detached from the 3rd Naval District and sent to Brazil to aid in the reconstruction and reorganization of the Brazilian Navy. At first the United States Government did not heed the request, because under Admiral Vogelgesang the New York Navy Yard had been free from strikes and had enjoyed its best financial status in years; consequently, the Governor of New York, senators, and other prominent New Yorkers protested that Rear Admiral Vogelgesang should be retained at the New York Navy Yard. When a second Brazilian request came asking for Rear Admiral Vogelgesang along with a statement that if he could not be spared Brazil would have to make a selection from the British Royal Navy, the United States decided that the value of establishing a good relations with Brazil merited sending Vogelgesang there. Vogelgesang was ordered to form a commission, and, with 35 other selected U.S. Navy officers, proceeded to Rio de Janeiro. Having a basic knowledge of French and Spanish, he was able in six weeks' time to absorb the Portuguese language sufficiently to conduct his lectures to the Brazilian officers in their native tongue. During his two years' service in Brazil as Naval Commissioner in the Diplomatic Service, he was instrumental in planting the first seeds of friendship between Brazil and the United States. As a mark of esteem for his excellent service, the Brazilian Government sent an envoy to place a commemorative plaque in the Mahan Library at the United States Naval Academy in his honor. Early in his Brazilian assignment, Vogelgesang was promoted to rear admiral, to date from 16 October 1922, the first person from California to become a flag officer. Final years Rear Admiral Vogelgesang completed his mission in Brazil in January 1925 and returned to the United States on 7 February 1925. He took up duties at OpNav at the Department of the Navy in Washington, D.C. On 3 April 1925, he broke his flag in battleship USS New York (BB-34), meaning his flag was raised on this ship, and became Commander, Battleship Division 2 of the Scouting Fleet; one of his first duties during this tour was to command the 1925 Midshipman Summer Cruise, which took him to the Pacific. In June 1926, he was detached from command of Battleship Division 2 and took command of the Light Cruiser Division, Scouting Fleet, with light cruiser USS Trenton (CL-11) as his flagship. Death Rear Admiral Vogelgeangs tour of duty in the Light Cruiser Division was abbreviated when he entered the Naval Hospital, Washington, D.C., for treatment of a kidney ailment. He died there on 16 February 1927. Vogelgesang had so endeared himself to the Brazilian people that the entire Brazilian Legation was present at his burial services at Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Virginia. A year later, to commemorate the day, the Brazilian Legation once more gathered there. Namesakes During World War II, the U.S. Navy destroyer escort USS Vogelgesang (DE-284) was named for Rear Admiral Vogelgesang. Her construction was canceled in March 1944 before she could be launched. However, in New York City on 3 August 1944, work began at the Bethlehem Steel Corporation shipyard at Staten Island on a new destroyer, to which the name Vogelgesang had been transferred. She was christened USS Vogelgesang (DD-862) on 15 January 1945, by Vogelgesangs daughter Zenaide (by then Mrs. Walter Bradley of Whitefield, New Hampshire). The christening party also included his widow and daughter-in-law, Mrs. Shepard Vogelgesang, Mrs. Gregory Davison (his widow's sister), Mr. and Mrs. George Moulson (his widow's sister and brother in law), Specialist T 1/c Barbara Jane Sullivan, Lieutenant Bill Vogelgesang, USNR, and Lieutenant Commander Woodson P. Vogelgesang, USNR, the last three named being on active duty with the Navy in that area. USS Vogelgesang was commissioned on 28 April 1945, and served in the U.S. Navy until decommissioned in 1982; she then served in the Mexican Navy from 1982 to 2002 under the name Quetzalcoatl, and finally was scuttled as an artificial reef in 2006. Military career References Navy News Service, Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships Vogelgesang, Dorothy; Family Tree, Vogelgesang-Vennigerholz Who was Who in America 1897(?) – 1943(?) 1869 births 1927 deaths American people of German descent United States Navy admirals United States Naval Academy alumni Recipients of the Navy Cross (United States) People from Calaveras County, California Burials at Arlington National Cemetery American military personnel of the Spanish–American War United States Navy personnel of World War I

<mask> (January 11, 1869 – February 16, 1927) was a United States Navy rear admiral and Navy Cross recipient. He was the first U.S. Navy flag officer from California. Early life <mask> was born at North Branch, California, on 11 January 1869, one of ten children (six boys and four girls) born to <mask> and his wife, Anna Elizabeth (maiden name Vennigerholz). The youngest of the six sons, he received his education in the public schools of Stockton, California. United States Naval Academy While in his senior year of high school he was given an opportunity to enter a competitive examination for entrance into the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland. He won the appointment, and went on to Washington, D.C., where he was the protégé of Congressman James A. Louttit of Stockton. In order to reach Annapolis in time, he was granted his high school diploma in advance.He passed the final examination at Annapolis in June 1886, was appointed a naval cadet—the term then applied to young men studying at the Naval Academy—on 6 September 1886, and graduated on 6 June 1890. Graduates at that time were given the privilege of remaining in the Navy or retiring. In answer to a letter asking his mother's advice, she said, "My son, as long as the government has given you your education, you should repay with your service". Vogelgesang followed her advice, and never regretted his decision. Marriage and family On December 27, 1899, Vogelgesang married Zenaide Shepard, daughter of Admiral Edwin M. Shepard. Their children were a son, Shepard, and a daughter, Zenaide. Early service Upon graduation from the Naval Academy, Vogelgesang began active duty as a passed naval cadet aboard the gunboat USS Alliance.At the completion of his requisite two years of sea duty before final graduation, he was commissioned as an ensign on 14 July 1892 to date from 1 July 1892. Successive tours of duty on board screw sloop USS Adams and sloop of war USS Mohican occupied his time until 1895 when he was ordered to Washington, D.C., for duty in the Bureau of Navigation. Detached from that post on 29 August 1896, Ensign Vogelgesang reported to the gunboat USS Bancroft on 3 September 1896. Spanish–American and Philippine–American Wars Bancroft remained Vogelgesangs home through the Spanish–American War of 1898. During that war, Vogelgesang served in her during convoy escort missions and on blockade duty off Havana, Cuba, and near the Isle of Pines. Vogelgesang received the Spanish Campaign Medal for this service. A tour of duty in the stores ship USS Celtic followed during which Celtic supported operations in the Philippine–American War; Vogelgesang received the Philippine Campaign Medal in 1899 for this service.Peacetime service, 1900–1914 He then served at the New York Navy Yard in Brooklyn, New York, in conjunction with the fitting out of battleships USS Kentucky (Battleship No. 6) and USS Wisconsin (Battleship No. 9) followed. On 6 June 1904, Vogelgesang returned to the Bureau of Navigation for a two-year tour of duty, during which he attained the rank of lieutenant commander on 1 July 1905. A fifteen-month assignment as navigator on board battleship USS Louisiana (Battleship No. 19) followed from June 1906 to September 1907, during which he was awarded the Army of Cuban Pacification Medal in 1906. This was followed by his first command, the Presidential yacht USS Mayflower during the latter part of the administration of President <mask>.That tour of duty ended in March 1908 when he transferred to the battleship USS Wisconsin as navigator. In May 1909, Lieutenant Commander <mask> reported for duty ashore once more, this time to study at the Naval War College at Newport, Rhode Island. where he taught the Science of War. In this assignment he was instrumental in working out a course of study which was adopted and remains in use. On 2 May 1911, near the end of his assignment at the War College, <mask> was promoted to full commander. On 2 May 1912, Vogelgesang transferred to the battleship USS Wyoming (Battleship No. 32) to fit her out.When she was commissioned, he assumed duty as her executive officer. Veracruz In late January 1914, Commander <mask> was ordered to protected cruiser USS Des Moines (Cruiser No. 15) to serve as her commanding officer. During his tour aboard Des Moines, he was awarded the Mexican Campaign Medal for his service in quelling the uprising at Veracruz, Mexico, during the United States occupation of Veracruz. He commanded Des Moines until 23 October 1914. Naval War College, World War I, and Navy Cross On 21 November 1914, <mask> reported for duty at the Naval War College and remained there until the beginning of 1917, when he became Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief, United States Asiatic Fleet. Just after assuming the duties of that office, he received his promotion to captain, to date from 29 August 1916.During his tour of duty with the Asiatic Fleet he received the Navy Cross, with the following citation: "For exceptionally meritorious service in duty of great responsibility as Chief of Staff to Commander-in-Chief, U. S. Asiatic Fleet." In January 1918, Captain <mask> relinquished his position as Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief Asiatic Fleet, and reported to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, as senior officer of the American naval commission. During his tour in Brazil, he worked with the Brazilian Naval College. In 1919, Captain <mask> received the World War I Victory Medal. Post-World War I service On 9 January 1919, Captain <mask> reported to the New York Shipbuilding Company as Naval Inspector of Machinery and took charge of the fitting out of battleship USS Idaho (Battleship No. 42) at Camden, New Jersey. He assumed command of Idaho when she was placed in commission on 24 March 1919.He commanded Idaho until June 1920 when he became the Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief, United States Atlantic Fleet. In June 1921, Captain <mask> became Commandant, 3rd Naval District, at New York City, headquartered at the New York Navy Yard in Brooklyn. Naval Commissioner to Brazil In 1922, the President of Brazil sent a request to President Warren G. Harding asking that Admiral <mask> be detached from the 3rd Naval District and sent to Brazil to aid in the reconstruction and reorganization of the Brazilian Navy. At first the United States Government did not heed the request, because under Admiral <mask> the New York Navy Yard had been free from strikes and had enjoyed its best financial status in years; consequently, the Governor of New York, senators, and other prominent New Yorkers protested that Rear Admiral <mask> should be retained at the New York Navy Yard. When a second Brazilian request came asking for Rear Admiral <mask> along with a statement that if he could not be spared Brazil would have to make a selection from the British Royal Navy, the United States decided that the value of establishing a good relations with Brazil merited sending Vogelgesang there. <mask> was ordered to form a commission, and, with 35 other selected U.S. Navy officers, proceeded to Rio de Janeiro. Having a basic knowledge of French and Spanish, he was able in six weeks' time to absorb the Portuguese language sufficiently to conduct his lectures to the Brazilian officers in their native tongue.During his two years' service in Brazil as Naval Commissioner in the Diplomatic Service, he was instrumental in planting the first seeds of friendship between Brazil and the United States. As a mark of esteem for his excellent service, the Brazilian Government sent an envoy to place a commemorative plaque in the Mahan Library at the United States Naval Academy in his honor. Early in his Brazilian assignment, <mask> was promoted to rear admiral, to date from 16 October 1922, the first person from California to become a flag officer. Final years Rear Admiral <mask> completed his mission in Brazil in January 1925 and returned to the United States on 7 February 1925. He took up duties at OpNav at the Department of the Navy in Washington, D.C. On 3 April 1925, he broke his flag in battleship USS New York (BB-34), meaning his flag was raised on this ship, and became Commander, Battleship Division 2 of the Scouting Fleet; one of his first duties during this tour was to command the 1925 Midshipman Summer Cruise, which took him to the Pacific. In June 1926, he was detached from command of Battleship Division 2 and took command of the Light Cruiser Division, Scouting Fleet, with light cruiser USS Trenton (CL-11) as his flagship. Death Rear Admiral Vogelgeangs tour of duty in the Light Cruiser Division was abbreviated when he entered the Naval Hospital, Washington, D.C., for treatment of a kidney ailment.He died there on 16 February 1927. Vogelgesang had so endeared himself to the Brazilian people that the entire Brazilian Legation was present at his burial services at Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Virginia. A year later, to commemorate the day, the Brazilian Legation once more gathered there. Namesakes During World War II, the U.S. Navy destroyer escort USS Vogelgesang (DE-284) was named for Rear Admiral Vogelgesang. Her construction was canceled in March 1944 before she could be launched. However, in New York City on 3 August 1944, work began at the Bethlehem Steel Corporation shipyard at Staten Island on a new destroyer, to which the name Vogelgesang had been transferred. She was christened USS Vogelgesang (DD-862) on 15 January 1945, by Vogelgesangs daughter Zenaide (by then Mrs. Walter Bradley of Whitefield, New Hampshire).The christening party also included his widow and daughter-in-law, Mrs. <mask>, Mrs. Gregory Davison (his widow's sister), Mr. and Mrs. George Moulson (his widow's sister and brother in law), Specialist T 1/c Barbara Jane Sullivan, Lieutenant <mask>, USNR, and Lieutenant Commander Woodson P<mask>, USNR, the last three named being on active duty with the Navy in that area. USS Vogelgesang was commissioned on 28 April 1945, and served in the U.S. Navy until decommissioned in 1982; she then served in the Mexican Navy from 1982 to 2002 under the name Quetzalcoatl, and finally was scuttled as an artificial reef in 2006. Military career References Navy News Service, Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships Vogelgesang, Dorothy; Family Tree, Vogelgesang-Vennigerholz Who was Who in America 1897(?) – 1943(?) 1869 births 1927 deaths American people of German descent United States Navy admirals United States Naval Academy alumni Recipients of the Navy Cross (United States) People from Calaveras County, California Burials at Arlington National Cemetery American military personnel of the Spanish–American War United States Navy personnel of World War I

The United States Navy Rear admiral and Navy Cross recipient, <mask>, was born on January 11, 1869. He was the first flag officer from California. One of ten children (six boys and four girls) born to <mask> and his wife, Anna Elizabeth, was born at North Branch, California, on January 11, 1869. He received his education in the public schools of California. In his senior year of high school, he was given the chance to take a competitive exam for admission to the United States Naval Academy. He went to Washington, D.C., after he won the appointment. He was granted his high school diplomas in advance so he could reach Annapolis in time.He graduated from the Naval Academy on June 6, 1890, after being appointed a naval cadet on September 6, 1886. At that time, graduates were allowed to remain in the Navy or retire. "My son, as long as the government has given you your education, you should repay with your service," she said. He never regretted his decision because he followed her advice. Zenaide Shepard was married to Vogelgesang on December 27, 1899. Shepard and Zenaide were their children. After graduating from the Naval Academy, Vogelgesang began active duty as a naval cadet on the gunboat.He was commissioned as an ensign on July 14, 1892, after completing two years of sea duty before final graduation. When he was ordered to Washington, D.C., for duty in the Bureau of navigation, he spent his time on the screw sloop and war ship. On 3 September 1896, after being detached from that post on 29 August 1896, he reported to the gunboat. The Spanish–American War of 1898 kept the home of the Bancrofts. She served in her during convoy escort missions and on blockade duty off Havana, Cuba, and near the Isle of Pines. The Spanish Campaign medal was given to Vogelgesang for this service. The Philippine Campaign medal was given to Vogelgesang for his service in the Philippine–American War, after a tour of duty in the stores ship.He served at the New York Navy Yard in New York with the fitting out of the battleships. 6) and the battleship Wisconsin. Subsequent to 9) followed. He attained the rank of lieutenant commander on July 1, 1905, after a two-year tour of duty in the Bureau of navigation. A fifteen-month assignment as navigator on a battleship. He was awarded the Army of Cuban Pacification medal in 1906. During the last part of the administration of President <mask>, his first command was the Presidential yacht.The tour of duty ended when he became the navigator of the battleship. Lieutenant Commander <mask> went to study at the Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island, in May 1909. The Science of War was taught there. He worked on a course of study which was adopted and remains in use. At the end of his assignment at the War College, <mask> was promoted to full commander. On May 2, 1912, Vogelgesang was transferred to the battleship Wyoming. To fit her out.He was her executive officer when she was commissioned. In January 1914, the commander of the cruiser was ordered to protect it. She wanted to serve as her commanding officer. He was awarded the Mexican Campaign medal for his service in quelling the uprising at Veracruz, Mexico, during the United States occupation. Des Moines was commanded by him until 23 October 1914. After reporting for duty at the Naval War College on November 21, 1914, he remained there until the beginning of 1917, when he became the Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief. He was promoted to captain on August 29, 1916, after assuming the duties of that office.He was the Chief of Staff to the Commander-in-Chief of the U.S. Asiatic Fleet when he received the Navy Cross. In January 1918, Captain <mask> left his position as Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief to become the senior officer of the American naval commission. He worked with the Brazilian Naval College. The World War I Victory medal was awarded to Captain <mask> in 1919. On January 9, 1919, Captain <mask> reported to the New York Shipbuilding Company as Naval Inspector of Machinery and took charge of the fitting out of the battleship. At Camden, New Jersey. Idaho was placed in commission on 24 March 1919.He became the Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief of the United States Atlantic Fleet in June 1920. The 3rd Naval District was founded at the New York Navy Yard in Brooklyn. The President of Brazil requested that the Naval Commissioner to Brazil be detached from the 3rd Naval District. The United States Government did not listen to the request because the New York Navy Yard had been free from strikes and had enjoyed its best financial status in years. The United States decided that establishing a good relationship with Brazil merited sending Rear Admiral Vogelgesang there, even though a second request came asking for him along with a statement that if he could not be spared Brazil would have to make a selection from the British Royal Navy. With 35 other U.S. Navy officers, <mask> was ordered to form a commission. He was able to conduct his lectures to the Brazilian officers in their native tongue because he had a basic knowledge of French and Spanish.The first seeds of friendship between Brazil and the United States were planted by him while he was Naval Commissioner in Brazil. The Brazilian Government sent an envoy to place a plaque in the United States Naval Academy's library to honor him for his excellent service. The first person from California to become a flag officer was promoted to rear admiral early in his Brazilian assignment. In January 1925, Rear Admiral <mask> returned to the United States after completing his mission in Brazil. He became Commander, Battleship Division 2 of the Scouting Fleet after breaking his flag in the battleship on 3 April 1925. He took command of the Light Cruiser Division, Scouting Fleet, as his flagship, in June 1926, after being detached from command of Battleship Division 2. Death Rear Admiral Vogelgeangs tour of duty in the Light Cruiser Division was abbreviated when he entered the Naval Hospital in Washington, D.C.He died there on February 16, 1927. The entire Brazilian Legation was present at his burial services at Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Virginia, because he had endeared himself to the Brazilian people. The Brazilian Legation gathered there again to commemorate the day. During World War II, the U.S. Navy named a destroyer after a Rear admiral. She was canceled before she could be launched. In New York City on 3 August 1944, work began at the Bethlehem Steel Corporation shipyard at Staten Island on a new destroyer. On January 15, 1945, she was christened by her daughter Zenaide.His widow and daughter-in-law were at the party. She was commissioned on April 28, 1945, and served in the U.S. Navy until 1982, and then in the Mexican Navy from 1982 to 2002 before being scuttled as an artificial reef. The Navy News Service has a Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. 1943? The people of German descent who died in 1927 were recipients of the Navy Cross.

65094937

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriele%20Sch%C3%B6ttler

Gabriele Schöttler

Gabriele Schöttler is a former East German nurse who switched to political activism, joining the Social Democratic Party during the final weeks of 1989, and then successfully switching to mainstream politics following reunification the next year. In the course of a varied political career she served between 1999 and 2001 as the Berlin senator for labour, social affairs and women under Mayors Diepgen and Wowereit. Life and career Provenance and early years Gabriele Schöttler was born, a few months after the 1953 uprising, in Zehdenick, a small town and an important centre for brick production, set in the marshy flatlands roughly 50 km to the north of Berlin. She completed her school education at an East German "Polytechnic Secondary School" in 1970 and then transferred to the Medical College and Berlin-Buch where between 1970 and 1974 she trained and qualified for a nursing career. She then worked as a nurse at the Neurology Clinic in Berlin-Buch between 1974 and 1977. In 1977 she was promoted to the rank of a "deputy station sister" ("stellvertretende Stationsschwester"), continuing her work in the clinic at this level till 1979. An abrupt change of career came in 1979 when she took a post as head of training and further education at the "VEB Elektromontage" manufacturing facility at Oranienburg on the northern edge of Berlin. She worked in this position till 1983. Between 1980 and 1984 she undertook a parallel distance-learning course in business administration and economics with the Business College at Dippoldiswalde. Schöttler continued to work at Oranienburg in the training department at "VEB Elektromontage" between 1984 and 1991, but now with an "Ingenieur-Ökonomin" degree to her name. Politics During the Autumn of changes in 1989 Gabriele Schöttler joined the Social Democratic Party (SDP). The SPD in East Germany had been subsumed into the ruling SED (party) in April 1946 by means of a contentious party merger that had opened the way for the creation of a Soviet sponsored one-party dictatorship. The superficial plurality of political parties after 1949 had comprised a collection Bloc parties, all closely controlled by the one ruling party. During the second half of 1989 many of the structural underpinnings of the one-party dictatorship were falling away, however. A separate East German Social Democratic Party was relaunched, formally on 7 October 1989. Schöttler joined it. It was almost certainly the first time she had ever been a member of any political party. During the next twelve months, as the apparatus of dictatorship continued to crumble, and the East German SDP progressively merged into the (hitherto "West German") Social Democratic Party (SPD), she undertook a succession of party functions at district and state level. The East German general election of 18 March 1990 is widely seen as the first (and last) free and fair general election in the forty year history of the German Democratic Republic. For those who view history backwards it was also a step down the inevitable path to German reunification. Certainly over in Bonn Chancellor Kohl (who by this time enjoyed far more cordial relationship with Soviet party General Secretary Gorbachev than any member of the East German government leadership) already saw a clear road ahead whereby the forty years of German division might be ended. But in March 1990 there were still very few people in East or West Germany who foresaw realistic prospect of reunification. The realisation of what might become possible dawned on people only during the few months, however. There was nothing theoretical about the return of democracy to East Germany, and on 6 May 1990 Schöttler was elected to membership the East Berlin city assembly ("(Ost-)Berliner Stadtverordnetenversammlung"). By 11 July 1990, when this city parliament voted into force a constitution for East Berlin (to come into force on 23 July 1990) reunification was very much more clearly on the horizon, so that the East Berlin constitution was to be valid only for a six month transitional phase till January 1991, by which time it was anticipated that a longer term way ahead might be apparent. It was. Schöttler remained a member of the East Berlin city parliament till its replacement in December 1990. Berlin reunited The formal date of the reunification treaty was 3 October 1990. A couple of months later, on 2 December 1990, elections were held for a newly enlarged Berlin city parliament ("Abgeordnetenhaus"). The date was chosen because it was also the date selected for the first all-German national election since the Nazi show election of April 1938. In Berlin, once again a united city, Gabriele Schöttler was elected to the Berlin parliament as the SPD member for a city centre electoral district ("Wahlkreis Mitte 1" ). She remained a member for slightly more than ten years, representing central Berlin and serving between 1991 and 1995, and then again for a few months during 1998, as a deputy leader of the SPD group in the parliament. Senator In November 1998 she became a Berlin senator, taking the important portfolio encompassing labour, social affairs and women in the city administration of Mayor Eberhard Diepgen. She took the post in succession to Christine Bergmann, who had accepted an unexpected invitation from Chancellor Schröder to make a switch into national politics. The next year her participation in the Berlin state election became particularly memorable, thanks to the poster accompanying her campaign slogan, "Gabi - [a] stronger step for social justice" ("... starker Auftritt für soziale Gerechtigkeit"). The poster was a pointed response to the campaign poster of Mayor Diepgen, her senatorial boss but political opponent in the governing coalition: Diepgen in his own election publicity had used an image featuring running shoes, to illustrate his energetic approach to his senatorial and mayoral responsibilities. The image accompanying Schöttler's own slogan simply showed an elegant foot and ankle encased in an exceptionally high stiletto shoe, of which the spike was piercing the toe section of a running shoe containing - the viewer was presumably intended to infer - a foot. Schöttler's poster-slogan combination caught the attention of the national media. Gabriele Schöttler is a small woman, and much of the ensuing press reporting centred not on her agenda for social justice in Berlin, but on the nature and extent of her personal shoe collection. Reassuringly, it was reported that she owned "nowhere near as many shoes as Imelda Marcos", but there were nevertheless around 40 pairs (including plenty of shoes and winter boots with very high heels). Despite the poster she retained her senatorial portfolio in Mayor Diepgen's following the 1999 election even though the election had delivered a small reduction in the SPD vote share, leading to a reduction in the number of senatorial seats allocated to it in the city's senate coalition. She also retained it when Mayor Diepgen was succeeded as mayor by her SPD colleague Klaus Wowerweit following the Berlin Bank scandal. However, the new administration proved unstable due to the underlying balance of seats in the Berlin parliament, and when fresh state elections were called for October 2001 she resigned her senate seat. Once the results were declared, it turned out that she had, in addition, failed to retain her seat in the city parliament, which went instead to a young university professor, Benjamin-Immanuel Hoff, of the PDS (party). After politics? Between 2002 and 2006 Schöttler headed up the "Sanssouci Business Academy", a recently opened private sector business school in Potsdam. Under her leadership the academy specialised in organising seminars for leaders from business and trades unions. District mayor In August 2005 it was reported that the party had approached her, requesting that she should apply to become the party candidate for the post of local mayor in Treptow-Köpenick, in political terms a district of Berlin with a rich and long-standing socialist tradition. Beyond her obvious qualities, there were hints that the party hierarchy had been underwhelmed by the number and/or quality of the candidates who had already applied to the party district association. The deadline for applications was still two months away, however. Schöttler's reaction was cautiously positive, "if that is what the comrades want". By the time the reports appeared, it turned out that several members of the party district association had already nominated her as the party's candidate to succeed the long-standing and popular (but by this point three years past the normal retirement age) district mayor, Klaus Ulbricht. By the time of the local elections, which took place on 17 September 2006, Schöttler's name was at the top of the SPD party list for the Treptow-Köpenick district council, which effectively guaranteed her election to the council. Six weeks later the new council convened, and was then up to the members of the new council to vote for a district mayor. 43 of the 55 voting chose Gabriele Schöttler who accordingly was duly elected. Within the district council she also took a leadership role in respect of finance, economics, arts and culture, personnel matters and regulatory affairs. Gabriele Schöttler served out her full term as district mayor, remaining in post till 27 October 2009. A particular high point during her term of office was the 800 anniversary celebrations for Köpenick. Following her retirement it was reported that she remained engaged, in particular through her support for the welfare oriented "Köpenick social foundation" ("Sozialstiftung Köpenick"). Personal Gabriele Schöttler is married with a son, born in the mid 1970s. Asked in 2009 how she spent her spare time she replied: "That belongs to my family". She added that she likes to spend time in her garden, and takes particular pleasure in reading crime-novels "provided it is not already clear from the beginning who the murderer was, as with Columbo". References People from Zehdenick People from East Berlin Politicians from Berlin Social Democratic Party in the GDR politicians Social Democratic Party of Germany politicians Senators of Berlin Members of the Abgeordnetenhaus of Berlin Political office-holders in Berlin

<mask>r is a former East German nurse who switched to political activism, joining the Social Democratic Party during the final weeks of 1989, and then successfully switching to mainstream politics following reunification the next year. In the course of a varied political career she served between 1999 and 2001 as the Berlin senator for labour, social affairs and women under Mayors Diepgen and Wowereit. Life and career Provenance and early years <mask>r was born, a few months after the 1953 uprising, in Zehdenick, a small town and an important centre for brick production, set in the marshy flatlands roughly 50 km to the north of Berlin. She completed her school education at an East German "Polytechnic Secondary School" in 1970 and then transferred to the Medical College and Berlin-Buch where between 1970 and 1974 she trained and qualified for a nursing career. She then worked as a nurse at the Neurology Clinic in Berlin-Buch between 1974 and 1977. In 1977 she was promoted to the rank of a "deputy station sister" ("stellvertretende Stationsschwester"), continuing her work in the clinic at this level till 1979. An abrupt change of career came in 1979 when she took a post as head of training and further education at the "VEB Elektromontage" manufacturing facility at Oranienburg on the northern edge of Berlin.She worked in this position till 1983. Between 1980 and 1984 she undertook a parallel distance-learning course in business administration and economics with the Business College at Dippoldiswalde. Schöttler continued to work at Oranienburg in the training department at "VEB Elektromontage" between 1984 and 1991, but now with an "Ingenieur-Ökonomin" degree to her name. Politics During the Autumn of changes in 1989 <mask> Schöttler joined the Social Democratic Party (SDP). The SPD in East Germany had been subsumed into the ruling SED (party) in April 1946 by means of a contentious party merger that had opened the way for the creation of a Soviet sponsored one-party dictatorship. The superficial plurality of political parties after 1949 had comprised a collection Bloc parties, all closely controlled by the one ruling party. During the second half of 1989 many of the structural underpinnings of the one-party dictatorship were falling away, however.A separate East German Social Democratic Party was relaunched, formally on 7 October 1989. Schöttler joined it. It was almost certainly the first time she had ever been a member of any political party. During the next twelve months, as the apparatus of dictatorship continued to crumble, and the East German SDP progressively merged into the (hitherto "West German") Social Democratic Party (SPD), she undertook a succession of party functions at district and state level. The East German general election of 18 March 1990 is widely seen as the first (and last) free and fair general election in the forty year history of the German Democratic Republic. For those who view history backwards it was also a step down the inevitable path to German reunification. Certainly over in Bonn Chancellor Kohl (who by this time enjoyed far more cordial relationship with Soviet party General Secretary Gorbachev than any member of the East German government leadership) already saw a clear road ahead whereby the forty years of German division might be ended.But in March 1990 there were still very few people in East or West Germany who foresaw realistic prospect of reunification. The realisation of what might become possible dawned on people only during the few months, however. There was nothing theoretical about the return of democracy to East Germany, and on 6 May 1990 Schöttler was elected to membership the East Berlin city assembly ("(Ost-)Berliner Stadtverordnetenversammlung"). By 11 July 1990, when this city parliament voted into force a constitution for East Berlin (to come into force on 23 July 1990) reunification was very much more clearly on the horizon, so that the East Berlin constitution was to be valid only for a six month transitional phase till January 1991, by which time it was anticipated that a longer term way ahead might be apparent. It was. Schöttler remained a member of the East Berlin city parliament till its replacement in December 1990. Berlin reunited The formal date of the reunification treaty was 3 October 1990.A couple of months later, on 2 December 1990, elections were held for a newly enlarged Berlin city parliament ("Abgeordnetenhaus"). The date was chosen because it was also the date selected for the first all-German national election since the Nazi show election of April 1938. In Berlin, once again a united city, <mask> <mask> was elected to the Berlin parliament as the SPD member for a city centre electoral district ("Wahlkreis Mitte 1" ). She remained a member for slightly more than ten years, representing central Berlin and serving between 1991 and 1995, and then again for a few months during 1998, as a deputy leader of the SPD group in the parliament. Senator In November 1998 she became a Berlin senator, taking the important portfolio encompassing labour, social affairs and women in the city administration of Mayor Eberhard Diepgen. She took the post in succession to Christine Bergmann, who had accepted an unexpected invitation from Chancellor Schröder to make a switch into national politics. The next year her participation in the Berlin state election became particularly memorable, thanks to the poster accompanying her campaign slogan, "Gabi - [a] stronger step for social justice" ("... starker Auftritt für soziale Gerechtigkeit").The poster was a pointed response to the campaign poster of Mayor Diepgen, her senatorial boss but political opponent in the governing coalition: Diepgen in his own election publicity had used an image featuring running shoes, to illustrate his energetic approach to his senatorial and mayoral responsibilities. The image accompanying Schöttler's own slogan simply showed an elegant foot and ankle encased in an exceptionally high stiletto shoe, of which the spike was piercing the toe section of a running shoe containing - the viewer was presumably intended to infer - a foot. Schöttler's poster-slogan combination caught the attention of the national media. <mask> Schöttler is a small woman, and much of the ensuing press reporting centred not on her agenda for social justice in Berlin, but on the nature and extent of her personal shoe collection. Reassuringly, it was reported that she owned "nowhere near as many shoes as Imelda Marcos", but there were nevertheless around 40 pairs (including plenty of shoes and winter boots with very high heels). Despite the poster she retained her senatorial portfolio in Mayor Diepgen's following the 1999 election even though the election had delivered a small reduction in the SPD vote share, leading to a reduction in the number of senatorial seats allocated to it in the city's senate coalition. She also retained it when Mayor Diepgen was succeeded as mayor by her SPD colleague Klaus Wowerweit following the Berlin Bank scandal.However, the new administration proved unstable due to the underlying balance of seats in the Berlin parliament, and when fresh state elections were called for October 2001 she resigned her senate seat. Once the results were declared, it turned out that she had, in addition, failed to retain her seat in the city parliament, which went instead to a young university professor, Benjamin-Immanuel Hoff, of the PDS (party). After politics? Between 2002 and 2006 Schöttler headed up the "Sanssouci Business Academy", a recently opened private sector business school in Potsdam. Under her leadership the academy specialised in organising seminars for leaders from business and trades unions. District mayor In August 2005 it was reported that the party had approached her, requesting that she should apply to become the party candidate for the post of local mayor in Treptow-Köpenick, in political terms a district of Berlin with a rich and long-standing socialist tradition. Beyond her obvious qualities, there were hints that the party hierarchy had been underwhelmed by the number and/or quality of the candidates who had already applied to the party district association.The deadline for applications was still two months away, however. Schöttler's reaction was cautiously positive, "if that is what the comrades want". By the time the reports appeared, it turned out that several members of the party district association had already nominated her as the party's candidate to succeed the long-standing and popular (but by this point three years past the normal retirement age) district mayor, Klaus Ulbricht. By the time of the local elections, which took place on 17 September 2006, Schöttler's name was at the top of the SPD party list for the Treptow-Köpenick district council, which effectively guaranteed her election to the council. Six weeks later the new council convened, and was then up to the members of the new council to vote for a district mayor. 43 of the 55 voting chose <mask> Schöttler who accordingly was duly elected. Within the district council she also took a leadership role in respect of finance, economics, arts and culture, personnel matters and regulatory affairs.<mask> Schöttler served out her full term as district mayor, remaining in post till 27 October 2009. A particular high point during her term of office was the 800 anniversary celebrations for Köpenick. Following her retirement it was reported that she remained engaged, in particular through her support for the welfare oriented "Köpenick social foundation" ("Sozialstiftung Köpenick"). Personal <mask> Schöttler is married with a son, born in the mid 1970s. Asked in 2009 how she spent her spare time she replied: "That belongs to my family". She added that she likes to spend time in her garden, and takes particular pleasure in reading crime-novels "provided it is not already clear from the beginning who the murderer was, as with Columbo". References People from Zehdenick People from East Berlin Politicians from Berlin Social Democratic Party in the GDR politicians Social Democratic Party of Germany politicians Senators of Berlin Members of the Abgeordnetenhaus of Berlin Political office-holders in Berlin

<mask>, a former East German nurse, joined the Social Democratic Party in the final weeks of 1989 and then switched to mainstream politics after reunification. She served as the Berlin senator for labour, social affairs and women from 1999 to 2001 under Mayors Diepgen and Wowereit. <mask> was born a few months after the 1953 uprising in a small town and an important centre for brick production in the north of Berlin. She completed her school education at an East German "Polytechnic Secondary School" in 1970 and then transferred to the Medical College and Berlin-Buch where she trained and qualified for a nursing career. She was a nurse at the Neurology Clinic in Berlin-Buch from 1974 to 1977. She was promoted to the rank of a "deputy station sister" in 1977 and worked in the clinic until 1979. In 1979 she took a post as head of training and further education at the "VEB Elektromontage" manufacturing facility at Oranienburg on the northern edge of Berlin.She worked in this position for a while. She took a distance-learning course in business administration and economics with the Business College at Dippoldiswalde. Between 1984 and 1991, Schttler worked in the training department at "VEB Elektromontage", but now has an "Ingenieur-konomin" degree. <mask> Schttler joined the Social Democratic Party in 1989. The creation of a Soviet sponsored one-party dictatorship in East Germany was possible because of a contentious party merger that took place in April 1946. The superficial plurality of political parties after 1949 were all controlled by the one ruling party. The structural underpinning of the one-party dictatorship fell away during the second half of 1989.The East German Social Democratic Party was reborn in 1989. Schttler joined it. She had never been a member of a political party before. She undertook a succession of party functions at district and state level as the East German SDP merged into the West German Social Democratic Party. The first free and fair general election in the history of the German Democratic Republic took place in East German on 18 March 1990. It was a step down the path to German reunification for those who view history backwards. The Chancellor of Bonn, who had a good relationship with the General Secretary of the Soviet party, saw a clear path to ending the forty years of German division.In March 1990 there were very few people in East or West Germany who believed in reunification. People only realized what might become possible during the few months. On 6 May 1990 Schttler was elected to membership of the East Berlin city assembly. The East Berlin constitution was only valid for a six month transitional phase until January 1991, after which time reunification would come into force. It was. Schttler was a member of the East Berlin city parliament. 3 October 1990 was the formal date of the reunification treaty.The Berlin city parliament was enlarged in December 1990 and elections were held a couple of months later. The date was chosen because it was the first all-German national election since the Nazi show election of April 1938. <mask> Schttler was elected to the Berlin parliament as a member of the city centre electoral district. She was a member of the parliament for more than ten years, representing central Berlin between 1991 and 1995 and then again for a few months in 1998. In November 1998 she became a Berlin senator, taking the important portfolio of labour, social affairs and women in the city administration of Mayor Eberhard Diepgen. Christine Bergmann, who had accepted an unexpected invitation from Chancellor Schrder to make a switch into national politics, took the post in her place. The poster accompanying her campaign slogan "Gabi - a stronger step for social justice" made her participation in the Berlin state election memorable.The poster was a pointed response to the campaign poster of Mayor Diepgen, her senatorial boss but political opponent in the governing coalition: Diepgen in his own election publicity had used an image featuring running shoes, to illustrate his energetic approach to his senatorial and mayoral responsibilities. The image accompanying Schttler's own slogan simply showed an elegant foot and ankle encased in an extremely high stiletto shoe, of which the spike was piercing the toe section of a running shoe. The national media was interested in Schttler's poster-slogan combination. The nature and extent of <mask> Schttler's personal shoe collection was the focus of much of the press reporting. There were around 40 pairs of shoes that she owned, but she didn't own as many as Marcos. She retained her senatorial portfolio despite the fact that the 1999 election resulted in a reduction in the number of senatorial seats allocated to it in the city's senate coalition. She retained it when Klaus Wowerweit became mayor after the Berlin Bank scandal.When fresh state elections were called for October 2001 she resigned her senate seat due to the unstable new administration. She failed to retain her seat in the city parliament, which went to a young university professor. After politics? Schttler was the head of the "Sanssouci Business Academy" between 2002 and 2006 seminars for leaders from business and trades unions were organised by the academy under her leadership. In August 2005 it was reported that the party had approached her, requesting that she apply to become the party candidate for the post of local mayor in the district of Berlin with a rich and long-standing socialist tradition. There were hints that the party hierarchy had been underwhelmed by the number and quality of the candidates who had already applied to the party district association.The deadline was two months away. Schttler was cautiously positive if that is what the comrades want. By the time the reports appeared, several members of the party district association had already nominated her as the party's candidate to succeed the long-standing and popular district mayor, Klaus Ulbricht. By the time of the local elections, which took place on 17 September 2006, Schttler's name was at the top of the party's list for the district council. The members of the new council had to vote for a district mayor after six weeks. <mask> Schttler was duly elected by 43 of the 55 voters. She took a leadership role in the district council in respect of finance, economics, arts and culture, personnel matters and regulatory affairs.<mask> Schttler served out her full term as district mayor. The 800 anniversary celebrations for Kpenick was a high point in her term of office. She continued to support the welfare oriented "Kpenick social foundation" after her retirement. <mask> Schttler is married to a man who was born in the 1970s. She replied "That belongs to my family" when asked how she spent her spare time. She said that she enjoys reading crime novels if it is not already clear who the murderer was, as with Columbo. The Abgeordnetenhaus of Berlin contains references to people from East Berlin.

10118647

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamashita%20Yoshitsugu

Yamashita Yoshitsugu

Yamashita Yoshitsugu (山下 義韶, February 16, 1865 – October 26, 1935, also known as Yamashita Yoshiaki), was a Japanese judoka. He was the first person to have been awarded 10th degree red belt (jūdan) rank in Kodokan judo, although posthumously. He was also one of the Four Guardians of the Kodokan, and a pioneer of judo in the United States. Biography Early years Yamashita was born in Kanazawa, then the capital of the powerful Kaga Domain. His father was of the samurai class. As a boy, Yamashita trained in the traditional (koryū) Japanese martial arts schools of Yōshin-ryū and Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū jujutsu. In August 1884, he joined the Kodokan judo dojo of his childhood friend Kano Jigoro as its nineteenth member. He advanced to first degree black belt (shodan) rank in three months, fourth degree (yodan) ranking in two years, and sixth degree (rokudan) in fourteen years. He was prone to discuss the philosophy of judo with Kano, as Yamashita initially believed power should be applied before technique. He was a member of the Kodokan team that competed with Tokyo Metropolitan Police jujutsu teams during the mid-1880s, and during the 1890s, his jobs included teaching judo at the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy and Tokyo Imperial University (modern University of Tokyo). His role as a Kodokan competitor was specially notable in the Kodokan-Totsuka rivalry, in 1886. He fought and dominated famed jujutsuka Taro Terushima, although the match went to a draw when Terushima resorted to groundwork. He later rematched him, knocking him out with a hard ippon seoi nage. A notoriously violent man, Yamashita was known for his many street fights. In the most famous instance, he got involved in a brawl with no less than 17 laborers in Tokyo due to a dispute in a restaurant. Despite their vast numeric advantage, added to the fact that some of them wielded knives, Yamashita and a fellow judoka disposed of all the men, purposely breaking the arms of three of them in the process. Shortly after, Yoshiaki would get into another quarrel with another cadre of laborers, this time him against 15 of them, but it ended up the same way: Yamashita maimed his attackers with chokes and throws, and even killed some of them by breaking their necks. He was arrested, but was easily acquitted after proving the uneven nature of the brawls. However, he was still suspended by the Kodokan for excessive use of violence. When confronted by Kano himself, Yamashita protested and went to the extent of challenging his master to a fight, but Kano convinced to stop his violent ways by making him realize that some day he might be harmed the same way he liked to harm people. Introducing judo to America In February 1902, Seattle-based railroad executive Samuel Hill decided that his 9-year-old son, James Nathan, should learn judo, which he had apparently seen or heard about while on a business trip to Japan. In Hill's words, the idea was for the boy to learn "the ideals of the Samurai class, for that class of men is a noble, high-minded class. They look beyond the modern commercial spirit." Hill spoke to a Japanese American business associate, Masajiro Furuya, for advice. Furuya referred Hill to Kazuyoshi Shibata, who was a student at Yale University. Shibata told Hill about Yamashita, and on July 21, 1903, Hill wrote a letter to Yamashita, asking him to come to Seattle at Hill's expense. On August 26, 1903, Yamashita replied, writing that he, his wife, and one of his students (Saburo Kawaguchi) would leave for Seattle on September 22, 1903. The ship carrying the Yamashita party docked in Seattle on October 8, 1903. A week later, on October 17, 1903, Yamashita and Kawaguchi gave a judo exhibition at a Seattle theater that Hill had rented for the evening. Attendance was by invitation only, and guests included Sam Hill's mother-in-law, Mary Hill (wife of railroader J.J. Hill), Senator Russell Alger, and assorted Sportswriters. Afterwards, Hill took the Yamashita party east to Washington, D.C., where Mrs. Hill and young James Nathan were then living. Meanwhile, the favorable publicity surrounding the event caused Japanese Americans living in Seattle to start their own judo club, known as the Seattle Dojo. Soon after arriving in the District of Columbia, Yamashita visited the Japanese Legation, and in March 1904, the Japanese naval attaché, Commander Takeshita Isamu, took Yamashita to the White House to meet President Theodore Roosevelt. Roosevelt practiced wrestling and boxing while in the White House, and he had received jujutsu jackets from William Sturgis Bigelow and jujutsu lessons from J. J. O'Brien, a Philadelphia police officer who had studied jujutsu while living in Nagasaki. Roosevelt was impressed with Yamashita's skill, and during March and April 1904, Yamashita gave judo lessons to the President and presidential secretary William Loeb Jr. in a room at the White House. Subsequently, at other locations, Yamashita and his wife Fude gave lessons to prominent American women, to include Martha Blow Wadsworth (sister of Kindergarten pioneer Susan Blow), Hallie Elkins (wife of Senator Stephen Benton Elkins), and Grace Davis Lee (Hallie Elkins' sister), and their children. American women soon began training in jujutsu as a means of self-defense and as a symbol of their growing political empowerment. Roosevelt, concerned that the United States would lose its military supremacy to rising powers like Japan, began to advocate for jujutsu training for American soldiers. In January 1905, Yamashita got a job teaching judo at the U.S. Naval Academy. There were about 25 students in his class, including a future admiral, Robert L. Ghormley. The position ended at the end of the school term, and Yamashita was not rehired for the following year. When President Roosevelt heard of this, he spoke to the Secretary of the Navy, who in turn told the Superintendent of the Naval Academy to rehire Yamashita. Consequently, Yamashita's judo was taught at the Naval Academy throughout the first six months of 1906. Later life At the end of the 1906 academic year, Yamashita left the United States for Japan. On July 24, 1906, he participated in a conference in Kyoto that had been called for the purpose of standardizing judo forms (kata) that could be taught in Japanese public schools. From the 1910s to the 1930s, Yamashita worked as a judo teacher at . In this capacity, he often attended judo tournaments and exhibitions. He also taught judo to the Tokyo Municipal Police. Thus, from September 1924 to April 1926, Yamashita was part of a committee that developed a new kata for Japanese police. An example of Yamashita's teaching method is the advice: Yamashita's last major public appearance was probably the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the establishment of the Kodokan, an event which took place in November 1934. British judoka Sarah Mayer described Yamashita's participation as follows: His ultimate promotion to 10th dan was posthumous. References Video footage Koshiki no kata Yoshitsugu Yamashita with Jigoro Kano 1865 births 1935 deaths Japanese male judoka United States Naval Academy faculty Kodokan 10th dans

<mask> (山下 義韶, February 16, 1865 – October 26, 1935, also known as <mask>), was a Japanese judoka. He was the first person to have been awarded 10th degree red belt (jūdan) rank in Kodokan judo, although posthumously. He was also one of the Four Guardians of the Kodokan, and a pioneer of judo in the United States. Biography Early years Yamashita was born in Kanazawa, then the capital of the powerful Kaga Domain. His father was of the samurai class. As a boy, Yamashita trained in the traditional (koryū) Japanese martial arts schools of Yōshin-ryū and Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū jujutsu. In August 1884, he joined the Kodokan judo dojo of his childhood friend Kano Jigoro as its nineteenth member.He advanced to first degree black belt (shodan) rank in three months, fourth degree (yodan) ranking in two years, and sixth degree (rokudan) in fourteen years. He was prone to discuss the philosophy of judo with Kano, as <mask> initially believed power should be applied before technique. He was a member of the Kodokan team that competed with Tokyo Metropolitan Police jujutsu teams during the mid-1880s, and during the 1890s, his jobs included teaching judo at the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy and Tokyo Imperial University (modern University of Tokyo). His role as a Kodokan competitor was specially notable in the Kodokan-Totsuka rivalry, in 1886. He fought and dominated famed jujutsuka Taro Terushima, although the match went to a draw when Terushima resorted to groundwork. He later rematched him, knocking him out with a hard ippon seoi nage. A notoriously violent man, <mask> was known for his many street fights.In the most famous instance, he got involved in a brawl with no less than 17 laborers in Tokyo due to a dispute in a restaurant. Despite their vast numeric advantage, added to the fact that some of them wielded knives, <mask> and a fellow judoka disposed of all the men, purposely breaking the arms of three of them in the process. Shortly after, Yoshiaki would get into another quarrel with another cadre of laborers, this time him against 15 of them, but it ended up the same way: Yamashita maimed his attackers with chokes and throws, and even killed some of them by breaking their necks. He was arrested, but was easily acquitted after proving the uneven nature of the brawls. However, he was still suspended by the Kodokan for excessive use of violence. When confronted by Kano himself, Yamashita protested and went to the extent of challenging his master to a fight, but Kano convinced to stop his violent ways by making him realize that some day he might be harmed the same way he liked to harm people. Introducing judo to America In February 1902, Seattle-based railroad executive Samuel Hill decided that his 9-year-old son, James Nathan, should learn judo, which he had apparently seen or heard about while on a business trip to Japan.In Hill's words, the idea was for the boy to learn "the ideals of the Samurai class, for that class of men is a noble, high-minded class. They look beyond the modern commercial spirit." Hill spoke to a Japanese American business associate, Masajiro Furuya, for advice. Furuya referred Hill to Kazuyoshi Shibata, who was a student at Yale University. Shibata told Hill about Yamashita, and on July 21, 1903, Hill wrote a letter to <mask>, asking him to come to Seattle at Hill's expense. On August 26, 1903, Yamashita replied, writing that he, his wife, and one of his students (Saburo Kawaguchi) would leave for Seattle on September 22, 1903. The ship carrying the Yamashita party docked in Seattle on October 8, 1903.A week later, on October 17, 1903, <mask> and Kawaguchi gave a judo exhibition at a Seattle theater that Hill had rented for the evening. Attendance was by invitation only, and guests included Sam Hill's mother-in-law, Mary Hill (wife of railroader J.J. Hill), Senator Russell Alger, and assorted Sportswriters. Afterwards, Hill took the Yamashita party east to Washington, D.C., where Mrs. Hill and young James Nathan were then living. Meanwhile, the favorable publicity surrounding the event caused Japanese Americans living in Seattle to start their own judo club, known as the Seattle Dojo. Soon after arriving in the District of Columbia, <mask> visited the Japanese Legation, and in March 1904, the Japanese naval attaché, Commander Takeshita Isamu, took Yamashita to the White House to meet President Theodore Roosevelt. Roosevelt practiced wrestling and boxing while in the White House, and he had received jujutsu jackets from William Sturgis Bigelow and jujutsu lessons from J. J. O'Brien, a Philadelphia police officer who had studied jujutsu while living in Nagasaki. Roosevelt was impressed with Yamashita's skill, and during March and April 1904, Yamashita gave judo lessons to the President and presidential secretary William Loeb Jr. in a room at the White House.Subsequently, at other locations, <mask> and his wife Fude gave lessons to prominent American women, to include Martha Blow Wadsworth (sister of Kindergarten pioneer Susan Blow), Hallie Elkins (wife of Senator Stephen Benton Elkins), and Grace Davis Lee (Hallie Elkins' sister), and their children. American women soon began training in jujutsu as a means of self-defense and as a symbol of their growing political empowerment. Roosevelt, concerned that the United States would lose its military supremacy to rising powers like Japan, began to advocate for jujutsu training for American soldiers. In January 1905, <mask> got a job teaching judo at the U.S. Naval Academy. There were about 25 students in his class, including a future admiral, Robert L. Ghormley. The position ended at the end of the school term, and <mask> was not rehired for the following year.When President Roosevelt heard of this, he spoke to the Secretary of the Navy, who in turn told the Superintendent of the Naval Academy to rehire Yamashita. Consequently, <mask>'s judo was taught at the Naval Academy throughout the first six months of 1906. Later life At the end of the 1906 academic year, <mask> left the United States for Japan. On July 24, 1906, he participated in a conference in Kyoto that had been called for the purpose of standardizing judo forms (kata) that could be taught in Japanese public schools. From the 1910s to the 1930s, <mask> worked as a judo teacher at . In this capacity, he often attended judo tournaments and exhibitions. He also taught judo to the Tokyo Municipal Police.Thus, from September 1924 to April 1926, <mask> was part of a committee that developed a new kata for Japanese police. An example of <mask>'s teaching method is the advice: <mask>'s last major public appearance was probably the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the establishment of the Kodokan, an event which took place in November 1934. British judoka Sarah Mayer described <mask>'s participation as follows: His ultimate promotion to 10th dan was posthumous. References Video footage Koshiki no kata Yoshitsugu Yamashita with Jigoro Kano 1865 births 1935 deaths Japanese male judoka United States Naval Academy faculty Kodokan 10th dans

<mask>gu was a Japanese judoka who died in 1935. He was the first person to receive a 10th degree red belt rank in Kodokan. He was a pioneer of martial arts in the United States. The capital of the powerful Kaga Domain was where Yamashita was born. His father was a samurai. Yamashita trained in the traditional Japanese martial arts schools of Yshin-ry and Tenjin Shin'y-ry. He became a member of the Kodokan judo dojo in August 1884.He was promoted to first degree black belt (shodan) rank in three months, fourth degree (yodan) rank in two years, and sixth degree (rokudan) in fourteen years. Yamashita initially believed power should be applied before technique, so he was prone to discuss it with Kano. He taught at the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy and Tokyo Imperial University during the 1890s and was a member of the Kodokan team that competed with the Tokyo Metropolitan Police. The Kodokan-Totsuka rivalry was notable in his role as a Kodokan competitor. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He knocked him out with a hard blow. Yamashita was known for his many street fights.He got involved in a brawl with 17 laborers in Tokyo due to a dispute in a restaurant. <mask> and a fellow judoka broke the arms of three of the men because they wielded knives. <mask> killed some of his attackers with chokes and throws after he got into a fight with another group of laborers. He was acquitted after proving the nature of the brawls. The Kodokan suspended him for excessive use of violence. When confronted by Kano himself, <mask> protested and went to the extent of challenging his master to a fight, but he was persuaded to stop his violent ways by making him realize that some day he might be harmed the same way he liked to harm people. While on a business trip to Japan, Samuel Hill, a railroad executive from Seattle, decided that his 9-year-old son, James Nathan, should learn martial arts.For that class of men is a noble, high-minded class, the idea was for the boy to learn the ideals of the Samurai class. They don't look at the modern commercial spirit. Hill spoke to Masajiro Furuya for advice. Hill was referred to a student at Yale University by Furuya. On July 21, 1903, Hill wrote a letter to <mask>, asking him to come to Seattle at Hill's expense. Yamashita wrote that he, his wife, and one of his students would leave for Seattle on September 22, 1903. The Yamashita party docked in Seattle on October 8, 1903.On October 17, 1903, Yamashita and Kawaguchi gave a judo exhibition at a Seattle theater that Hill had rented for the evening. Guests included Sam Hill's mother-in-law, Mary Hill, and Senator Russell Alger. Mrs. Hill and young James Nathan lived in Washington, D.C. after the Yamashita party. The Seattle Dojo was started by Japanese Americans in Seattle because of the favorable publicity surrounding the event. After arriving in the District of Columbia, Yamashita visited the Japanese Legation and was taken to the White House by the Japanese naval attache. Roosevelt was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Roosevelt was impressed with Yamashita's skill, and during March and April 1904, Yamashita gave judo lessons to the President and his secretary in a room at the White House.<mask> and his wife Fude gave lessons to prominent American women, including Martha Blow Wadsworth, the sister of Kindergarten pioneer Susan Blow. American women began training in jujutsu as a means of self-defense and as a symbol of their political empowerment. Roosevelt was worried that the United States would lose its military supremacy to Japan. <mask> got a job teaching at the U.S. in January 1905. The Naval Academy. A future admiral, Robert L. Ghormley, was a student in his class. <mask> was not rehired for the following year after the position ended at the end of the school term.President Roosevelt spoke to the Secretary of the Navy, who told the Naval Academy to rehire <mask>. <mask>'s martial arts were taught at the Naval Academy during the first six months of 1906. <mask> left the United States for Japan at the end of the 1906 academic year. On July 24, 1906, he participated in a conference in Kyoto that was called for the purpose of standardizing forms that could be taught in Japanese public schools. <mask> was a judo teacher from 1910 to the 1930s. He attended a lot of tournaments and exhibitions. He taught martial arts to the Tokyo Municipal Police.<mask> was part of a committee that developed a new kata for Japanese police. <mask>'s last major public appearance was probably the 50th anniversary of the establishment of the Kodokan, an event which took place in November 1934. <mask>'s ultimate promotion to 10thdan was posthumous. The United States Naval Academy faculty Kodokan 10th is mentioned in the video footage.

49166

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damon%20Knight

Damon Knight

Damon Francis Knight (September 19, 1922 – April 15, 2002) was an American science fiction author, editor and critic. He is the author of "To Serve Man", a 1950 short story adapted for The Twilight Zone. He was married to fellow writer Kate Wilhelm. Biography Knight was born in Baker, Oregon in 1922, and grew up in Hood River, Oregon. He entered science-fiction fandom at the age of eleven and published two issues of a fanzine entitled Snide. Knight's first professional sale was a cartoon drawing to a science-fiction magazine, Amazing Stories. His first story, "The Itching Hour", appeared in the Summer 1940 number of Futuria Fantasia, edited and published by Ray Bradbury. "Resilience" followed in the February 1941 number of Stirring Science Stories, edited by Donald Wollheim. An editorial error made the latter story's ending incomprehensible; it was reprinted in a 1978 magazine in four pages with a two-page introduction by Knight. At the time of his first story sale he was living in New York and was a member of the Futurians. One of his short stories describes paranormal disruption of a science fiction fan group and contains cameo appearances of various Futurians and others under thinly-disguised names: for instance, non-Futurian SF writer H. Beam Piper is identified as "H. Dreyne Fifer". Knight's forte was the short story; he is widely acknowledged as having been a master of the genre. To the general public he is best known as the author of "To Serve Man", a 1950 short story adapted for The Twilight Zone. It won a 50-year Retro-Hugo in 2001 as the best short story of 1950. Knight also became well known as a science fiction critic, a career which began when he wrote in 1945 that A. E. van Vogt "is not a giant as often maintained. He's only a pygmy who has learned to operate an overgrown typewriter." He ceased reviewing when Fantasy & Science Fiction refused to publish a review. These reviews were later collected in In Search of Wonder. Algis Budrys wrote that Knight and "William Atheling Jr." (James Blish) had "transformed the reviewer's trade in the field", in Knight's case "without the guidance of his own prior example". The term "idiot plot", a story that only functions because almost everyone in it is an idiot, became well known through Knight's frequent use of it in his reviews, though he believed the term was probably invented by Blish. Knight's only non-Retro-Hugo Award was for "Best Reviewer" in 1956. Knight was the founder of the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America (SFWA), cofounder of the National Fantasy Fan Federation, cofounder of the Milford Writer's Workshop, and cofounder of the Clarion Writers Workshop. The SFWA officers and past presidents named Knight its 13th Grand Master in 1994 (presented 1995). After his death, the associated award was renamed the Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Award in his honor. The Science Fiction Hall of Fame inducted him in 2003. Until his death, Knight lived in Eugene, Oregon, with his second wife, author Kate Wilhelm. His papers are held in the University of Oregon Special Collections and University Archive. Selected works Novels Hell's Pavement (1955) A for Anything (1961) (original version titled The People Maker, 1959) Masters of Evolution (1959) The Sun Saboteurs (1961) Beyond the Barrier (1964) Mind Switch (1965) Double Meaning (1965) The Earth Quarter (1970) World without Children (1970) The World and Thorinn (1980) The Man in the Tree (1984) CV (1985) The Observers (1988) A Reasonable World (1991) God's Nose (1991) Why Do Birds (1992) Humpty Dumpty: An Oval (1996) Short stories and other writings "The Third Little Green Man" (1948) "PS's Feature Flash" (1948) "Not with a Bang" (1949) "To Serve Man" (1950) "Ask Me Anything" (1951) "Don't Live in the Past" (1951) "Cabin Boy" (1951) "Catch that Martian" (1952) "The Analogues" (1952) "Beachcomber" (1952) "Ticket to Anywhere" (1952) "Anachron" (1953) "Babel II" (1953) "Four in One" (1953) "Special Delivery" (1953) "Natural State" (1954) "Rule Golden" (1954) "The Country of the Kind" (1955) "Dulcie and Decorum" (1955) "You're Another" (1955) "This way to the Regress (1956) "Extempore" (1956) "The Last Word" (1956) "Stranger Station" (1956) "Dio" (1957) "The Dying Man" (1957) "An Eye for a What?" (1957) "The Enemy" (1958) "Be My Guest" (1958) "Eripmav" (1958) "Idiot Stick" (1958) "Thing of Beauty" (1958) "To Be Continued" (1959) "The Handler" (1960) "Time Enough" (1960) "Auto-Da-Fe" (1961) A Century of Science Fiction (1962) (editor) "The Visitor at the Zoo" (1963) "The Big Pat Boom" (1963) "An Ancient Madness" (1964) God's Nose (1964) Maid to Measure (1964) "Shall the Dust Praise Thee?" (1967) "Masks'" (1968) "The Star Below" (1968) I See You (1976) Forever (1981) O (1983) Point of View (1985) (Illustrated by Chris Van Allsburg) Strangers on Paradise (1986) Not a Creature (1993) Fortyday (1994) Life Edit (1996) "Double Meaning" "In the Beginning" Literary criticism and analysis In Search of Wonder (1956) (collected reviews and critical pieces) Creating Short Fiction (1981) (advice on writing short stories) Turning Points (editor/contributor: critical anthology) Orbit (editor) The Futurians (1977, memoir/history) Short story collections Far Out (1961) (contains "To Serve Man") In Deep (1963) (contains "The Country of the Kind") Off Center (1965) (contains "Be My Guest") Turning On (1966) See also Notes References Sources External links Damon Knight – Official Website 1922 births 2002 deaths American science fiction writers American speculative fiction critics American speculative fiction editors Futurians Hugo Award-winning writers Writers from Eugene, Oregon SFWA Grand Masters Science fiction critics Science fiction editors Science fiction fans Science Fiction Hall of Fame inductees 20th-century American novelists Novelists from Oregon American male novelists American male short story writers People from Hood River, Oregon 20th-century American short story writers 20th-century American male writers American male non-fiction writers

<mask> (September 19, 1922 – April 15, 2002) was an American science fiction author, editor and critic. He is the author of "To Serve Man", a 1950 short story adapted for The Twilight Zone. He was married to fellow writer Kate Wilhelm. Biography <mask> was born in Baker, Oregon in 1922, and grew up in Hood River, Oregon. He entered science-fiction fandom at the age of eleven and published two issues of a fanzine entitled Snide. <mask>'s first professional sale was a cartoon drawing to a science-fiction magazine, Amazing Stories. His first story, "The Itching Hour", appeared in the Summer 1940 number of Futuria Fantasia, edited and published by Ray Bradbury."Resilience" followed in the February 1941 number of Stirring Science Stories, edited by Donald Wollheim. An editorial error made the latter story's ending incomprehensible; it was reprinted in a 1978 magazine in four pages with a two-page introduction by <mask>. At the time of his first story sale he was living in New York and was a member of the Futurians. One of his short stories describes paranormal disruption of a science fiction fan group and contains cameo appearances of various Futurians and others under thinly-disguised names: for instance, non-Futurian SF writer H. Beam Piper is identified as "H. Dreyne Fifer". <mask>'s forte was the short story; he is widely acknowledged as having been a master of the genre. To the general public he is best known as the author of "To Serve Man", a 1950 short story adapted for The Twilight Zone. It won a 50-year Retro-Hugo in 2001 as the best short story of 1950.<mask> also became well known as a science fiction critic, a career which began when he wrote in 1945 that A. E. van Vogt "is not a giant as often maintained. He's only a pygmy who has learned to operate an overgrown typewriter." He ceased reviewing when Fantasy & Science Fiction refused to publish a review. These reviews were later collected in In Search of Wonder. Algis Budrys wrote that <mask> and "William Atheling Jr." (James Blish) had "transformed the reviewer's trade in the field", in <mask>'s case "without the guidance of his own prior example". The term "idiot plot", a story that only functions because almost everyone in it is an idiot, became well known through <mask>'s frequent use of it in his reviews, though he believed the term was probably invented by Blish. <mask>'s only non-Retro-Hugo Award was for "Best Reviewer" in 1956.<mask> was the founder of the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America (SFWA), cofounder of the National Fantasy Fan Federation, cofounder of the Milford Writer's Workshop, and cofounder of the Clarion Writers Workshop. The SFWA officers and past presidents named <mask> its 13th Grand Master in 1994 (presented 1995). After his death, the associated award was renamed the <mask> Memorial Grand Master Award in his honor. The Science Fiction Hall of Fame inducted him in 2003. Until his death, <mask> lived in Eugene, Oregon, with his second wife, author Kate Wilhelm. His papers are held in the University of Oregon Special Collections and University Archive. (1957) "The Enemy" (1958) "Be My Guest" (1958) "Eripmav" (1958) "Idiot Stick" (1958) "Thing of Beauty" (1958) "To Be Continued" (1959) "The Handler" (1960) "Time Enough" (1960) "Auto-Da-Fe" (1961) A Century of Science Fiction (1962) (editor) "The Visitor at the Zoo" (1963) "The Big Pat Boom" (1963) "An Ancient Madness" (1964) God's Nose (1964) Maid to Measure (1964) "Shall the Dust Praise Thee?"

<mask> was an American science fiction author, editor and critic. He is the author of a short story called "To Serve Man". He was married to another writer. <mask> was born in Baker, Oregon in 1922 and grew up in Hood River, Oregon. He published two issues of a fanzine at the age of eleven. A cartoon drawing to a science-fiction magazine was <mask>'s first professional sale. Ray Bradbury edited and published his first story, "The Itching Hour", in the summer of 1940.Stirring Science Stories was edited by Donald Wollheim. The ending of the story was incomprehensible because of an editorial error, and it was printed in a 1978 magazine in four pages. He was a member of the Futurians at the time of his first story sale. One of his short stories describes a science fiction fan group being disrupted by the supernatural. <mask> was a master of the short story. To the general public, he is best known as the author of "To Serve Man", a 1950 short story that was adapted for The Twilight Zone. It was the best short story of 1950.<mask>'s career as a science fiction critic began when he wrote in 1945 that A. E. van Vogt is not a giant as often maintained. He's the only one who knows how to operate a typewriter. He stopped reviewing when Fantasy & Science Fiction wouldn't publish a review. In Search of Wonder collected these reviews. <mask> and "William Atheling Jr." had changed the reviewer's trade in the field without the guidance of his own prior example, according to Algis Budrys. The term "idiot plot", a story that only functions because almost everyone in it is an idiot, became well known through <mask>'s frequent use of it in his reviews, though he believed the term was probably invented by Blish. "Best Reviewer" was <mask>'s only non-Retro-Hugo Award.The founder of the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America was <mask>. <mask> was named the 13th Grand Master of the SFWA in 1994. The award was renamed in his honor after he died. He was in the Science Fiction Hall of Fame. <mask> lived in Eugene, Oregon, with his second wife. His papers are held at the University of Oregon. "Be My Guest", "Eripmav", "Idiot Stick", "Thing of Beauty", "To Be Continued", "The Handler", "Time Enough"

13774704

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily%20Jacir

Emily Jacir

Emily Jacir () is a Palestinian artist and filmmaker. Biography Jacir was born in Bethlehem in 1973, Jacir spent her childhood in Saudi Arabia, attending high school in Italy. She attended the University of Dallas, Memphis College of Art and graduated with an art degree. She divides her time between New York and Ramallah. Work and career Jacir works in a variety of media including film, photography, installation, performance, video, writing and sound. She draws on the artistic medium of concept art and social intervention as a framework for her pieces, in which she focuses on themes of displacement, exile, and resistance, primarily within the context of Palestinian occupation. She has exhibited extensively throughout the Americas, Europe, and the Middle East since 1994, holding solo exhibitions in places including New York City, Los Angeles, Ramallah, Beirut, London and Linz. Active in the building of Ramallah's art scene since 1999, Jacir has also worked with various organizations including the A. M. Qattan Foundation, Al Ma'mal Foundation for Contemporary Art and the Sakakini Cultural Center. She has been involved in creating numerous projects and events such as Birzeit's Virtual Art Gallery. She also founded and curated the first International Video Festival in Ramallah in 2002. She curated a selection of shorts; Palestinian Revolution Cinema (1968 – 1982) which went on tour in 2007. Between 2000 - 2002 she curated several Arab Film programs in NYC with Alwan for the Arts including the first Palestinian Film Festival in 2002. She works as a full-time professor at the vanguard International Academy of Art Palestine since it opened its doors in 2006 and she also served on its Academic Board from 2006 through 2012. Jacir led the first year of the Ashkal Alwan Home Workspace Program in Beirut (2011-2012) and created the curriculum and programming after serving on the founding year of the Curricular Committee from 2010-2011. Recent juries 2010 - current: Civitella Advisory Council, Italy 2010 Young Artist of the Year Award, A.M. Qattan Foundation Ramallah 2012 Cda-Projects Grant for Artistic Research and Production, Istanbul, Turkey 2012 Berlinale Shorts Film Jury, Germany 2012 CinemaXXI Jury, Rome Film Festival, Italy 2014 Visions du Reel Festival International du Cinéma, Nyon, Switzerland Awards On 17 October 2007 she won the 'Leone d'Oro a un artista under 40' - (Golden Lion for artists under 40), - at the 52nd Venice Biennale for "a practice that takes as its subject exile in general and the Palestinian issue in particular. Without recourse to exoticism, the work on display in the central Pavilion at the Giardini establishes and expands a crossover between cinema, archival documentation, narrative and sound". She was the recipient of the 2007 Prince Claus Award, an annual prize from the Prince Claus Fund for Culture and Development, The Hague, which described Jacir as "an exceptionally talented artist whose works seriously engage the implications of conflict." She is the winner of the 2008 Hugo Boss Prize by the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation. The Jury noted that she won the award for her "rigorous conceptual practice—comprising photography, video, performance, and installation-based work—bears witness to a culture torn by war and displacement. As a member of the Palestinian diaspora, she comments on issues of mobility (or the lack thereof), border crises, and historical amnesia through projects that unearth individual narratives and collective experiences." She is the Visual Arts winner of the 2011 Alpert Award in the Arts. In 2018 she won the "Curator of the Young Artist of the Year" award. Major works Memorial to 418 Palestinian Villages Destroyed, Depopulated, and Occupied by Israel in 1948 (2001) Developed during her residency at P.S.1's National Studio Program, Jacir opened her studio to Palestinians, Israelis, Americans, Egyptians, Syrians, Yemenis, Spaniards and others to embroider a refugee tent with the names of Palestinian villages impacted by Israeli expansion. "Memorial to 418 Palestinian Villages is mobile and vulnerable—resisting any false appeals to closure. It is not a didactic monument, but a sensitive, painful testament to a desperate tragedy that needs to be addressed and aches to be mourned." Where We Come From (2001-2003) Jacir, holder of an American passport, asked more than 30 Palestinians living both abroad and within the occupied territories: “If I could do anything for you, anywhere in Palestine, what would it be?” She collected responses and carried out tasks in an extended performance of wish-fulfilment by proxy, using her American passport to travel between territories, a privilege most Palestinians do not hold. Some of the tasks included playing football, eating local foods, paying bills, visiting a grave, meeting relatives or loved ones, etc. The details of the series's display were deliberate: within a simple, black frame, parallel text in Arabic and English listed the exact request, described the requestor's current location and situation in regards to movement, their name, and finally, notes on the completion of the task. Adjacent to this frame were the accompanying photographs of the artist carrying out the task, unframed, and printed larger than the text panels. This curatorial decision is explained through the idea that "viewers face a project that is first of all divided between text panels and photographs. But how to get from one to the other? The visual transition from language to image seems simple enough. A mere shift of the eyes will do... Yet it is just this translation, written out in clear language and then realized photographically, that for many is insurmountable... [it] represents an unbridgeable chasm, an impossibility on which a complex of desire is built." The documented result was shown in New York to great critical acclaim; "Where We Come From is [Jacir's] best so far. An art of cool Conceptual surfaces and ardent, intimate gestures, intensely political and beyond polemic, it adds up to one of the most moving gallery exhibitions I've encountered this season." Other reactions expressed "that her efforts resonated with the aspects of desire, fear and restricted movement." The work was acquired by San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, which added an extra text to Jacirs work. Crossing Surda (2003) "“Crossing Surda” (a record of going to and from work), exists because an Israeli soldier threatened me and put an M-16 into my temple. [Ms. Jacir says she was filming her feet with a video camera at a checkpoint that day.] If I had not had this direct threatening experience this piece would not exist." Tom Vanderbilt Emily Jacir - Openings, February 2004, ArtForum. Accumulations (2005) "Ms. Jacir's deft extrapolation of the issues of identity from the specifics of experience, like her renewal and extension of what might be called classic Conceptual Art, is enormously impressive." Material for a film (2005-ongoing) "In Material for a Film (2005–ongoing) the displacement is total, as Jacir’s own identity is substituted for that of her subject, Wael Zuaiter, a Palestinian intellectual living in Rome who was assassinated in 1972 by Israeli agents, having been mistakenly identified as one of those responsible for the murder of Israeli athletes at the 1972 Olympics in Munich. The installation gathers together photographs, books, music, letters, interviews, telegrams, copies of the Italian magazine Rivoluzione Palestinese to which Zuaiter contributed, even a clip from a Pink Panther film in which he had a small part, to flesh out a life no longer there." "Jacir is a quiet and mercurial art-world figure, less than a decade deep into her career, and her Boss show rejects the obvious opportunity presented for leverage, debutante-style, as a headliner on the New York art stage and in the media that starts here. In fact, the only character in sharp focus for this exhibition is Wael Zuaiter, a Palestinian intellectual killed by Israeli secret service agents following the murder of eleven Israeli athletes and a German police officer by the militant group Black September at the 1972 Munich Olympics." Howard Halle criticized the pieces in an article in Time Out New York, writing, "That such a crude, self-indulgent exercise has been given one of contemporary art’s most prestigious awards is unfortunate, though not, sadly, entirely unexpected." Another critique by Ken Johnson of The New York Times said that, "If the ultimate point is to arouse humane concern for Palestinians in general, Ms. Jacir's work falls short." Emily Jacir: "Material for a film": Retracing Wael Zuaiter (Part 1), installation in the 2007 La Biennale di Venezia Emily Jacir: "Material for a film": A performance (Part 2), 16 July 2007, The Electronic Intifada Najwan Darwis: Emily Jacir’s Material for a Film: Ongoing homage and artistic revenge for Wa’el Zuaiter Retracing bus no. 23 on the historic Jerusalem-Hebron Road (2006) Emily Jacir, Photostory: Retracing bus no. 23 on the historic Jerusalem-Hebron Road, 15 December 2006, The Electronic Intifada stazione (2009) In 2009, Jacir participated in the Venice Biennale in the Palestinian Pavilion. She created a site-specific public project to take place in Venice during the Biennale. The Venice City Authorities shut down Jacir's project and refused to allow it to take place. "Significant by its absence at the Venice Biennale was Emily Jacir's contribution to the official off-site exhibition, 'Palestine c/o Venice'. Jacir's artwork, Stazione, would have seen all of the piers for the Route 1 water bus (the vaporetto that runs up and down the Grand Canal) display the stop location names in Arabic as well as the usual Italian. Mockups were made, the Biennale approved, the council approved and the vaporetto company that runs Route 1 approved. Then suddenly it didn't. Apparently the vaporetto company stopped the project, and all the artist could find out, second-hand, was that they had 'received pressure from an outside source to shut it down for political reasons'." "Emily Jacir’s stazione (2008 - 2009) is an unrealised intervention on the number 1 vaporetto (water bus) line, a main transport route along the Grand Canal beginning at Lido winding its way to Piazzale Roma, ferrying audiences from one Biennale exhibition to another, by inserting Arabic text supplementing the existing Italian names at vaporetti stops and thus making the route bilingual. In the artist’s explanation, the work references the numerous Arab influences and exchanges in the history of Venice, its architecture, manufacturing, shipping, and of course in the process of these activities, language - that Arabic words too have filtered into the Venetian dialect - ‘divan’, ‘damasco’, ‘gabella’, amongst others." Museums Museums where her work has been shown: CCS Hessel Museum of Contemporary Art at Bard College Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art at Cornell University in Siena, Italy, nella mostra 'System Error: war is a force that gives us meanings' Khalil Sakakini Cultural Center in Ramallah Modern Art Oxford Museum of Modern Art in New York Museum of Modern Art in San Francisco Whitechapel Gallery Whitney Museum of American Art The main gallery in the US that shows her work is Alexander and Bonin in NYC (212.367.7474) Biennales International biennales which have featured her work: 2013 Venice Biennale in Venice, Italy dOCUMENTA (13) (2012) in Kassel, Germany 2011 Venice Biennale in Venice, Italy 2011 Sharjah Biennial in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates 2009 Venice Biennale in Venice, Italy 2007 Venice Biennale in Venice, Italy, where she was awarded the 'Leone d'Oro a un artista under 40' 2006 Sydney Biennale in Sydney, Australia 2005 Venice Biennale in Venice, Italy 2005 Sharjah Biennial in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates 2004 Whitney Biennial at the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York City, United States The 2004 Gwangju Biennale in Gwangju, Korea. 2003 Istanbul Biennial in Istanbul, Turkey Articles (partial list) Kirsty Bell, Another Country April 2008, Frieze Report, The Electronic Intifada Artist Emily Jacir Awarded Prestigious Golden Lion TJ Demos, “Emily Jacir: Poetry’s Beyond,” Hugo Boss Prize 2008 (New York: Guggenheim Museum, 2008). Emily Jacir, Anton Sinkewich, Oz Shelach: BATTLE CRY Boycott of all Israeli Art Institutions 7 April 2002, Israel Imperial News, Emily Jacir, Ali La Pointe and Zena's words on the New York streets, 28 July 2006, The Electronic Intifada Emily Jacir, A Tale of Two Sisters: Witnessing an Undercover Israeli Operation in Ramallah (2), 15 November 2006, The Electronic Intifada Emily Jacir, Palestinian Revolution Cinema Comes to NYC, 16 February 2007, The Electronic Intifada Desire in Diaspora: Emily Jacir, Art Journal (62) Bibliography References External links Alpert Awards in depth artist profile on Emily Jacir's works Emily Jacir: Interrogating Public Space with Nato Thompson Amoula il Majnoona Living people Palestinian women photographers Installation artists Performance artists Palestinian photographers People from Bethlehem Palestinian video artists 1972 births Palestinian emigrants to Italy American artists Palestinian women artists Palestinian contemporary artists

<mask> () is a Palestinian artist and filmmaker. Biography Jacir was born in Bethlehem in 1973, Jacir spent her childhood in Saudi Arabia, attending high school in Italy. She attended the University of Dallas, Memphis College of Art and graduated with an art degree. She divides her time between New York and Ramallah. Work and career Jacir works in a variety of media including film, photography, installation, performance, video, writing and sound. She draws on the artistic medium of concept art and social intervention as a framework for her pieces, in which she focuses on themes of displacement, exile, and resistance, primarily within the context of Palestinian occupation. She has exhibited extensively throughout the Americas, Europe, and the Middle East since 1994, holding solo exhibitions in places including New York City, Los Angeles, Ramallah, Beirut, London and Linz.Active in the building of Ramallah's art scene since 1999, Jacir has also worked with various organizations including the A. M. Qattan Foundation, Al Ma'mal Foundation for Contemporary Art and the Sakakini Cultural Center. She has been involved in creating numerous projects and events such as Birzeit's Virtual Art Gallery. She also founded and curated the first International Video Festival in Ramallah in 2002. She curated a selection of shorts; Palestinian Revolution Cinema (1968 – 1982) which went on tour in 2007. Between 2000 - 2002 she curated several Arab Film programs in NYC with Alwan for the Arts including the first Palestinian Film Festival in 2002. She works as a full-time professor at the vanguard International Academy of Art Palestine since it opened its doors in 2006 and she also served on its Academic Board from 2006 through 2012. Jacir led the first year of the Ashkal Alwan Home Workspace Program in Beirut (2011-2012) and created the curriculum and programming after serving on the founding year of the Curricular Committee from 2010-2011.Recent juries 2010 - current: Civitella Advisory Council, Italy 2010 Young Artist of the Year Award, A.M. Qattan Foundation Ramallah 2012 Cda-Projects Grant for Artistic Research and Production, Istanbul, Turkey 2012 Berlinale Shorts Film Jury, Germany 2012 CinemaXXI Jury, Rome Film Festival, Italy 2014 Visions du Reel Festival International du Cinéma, Nyon, Switzerland Awards On 17 October 2007 she won the 'Leone d'Oro a un artista under 40' - (Golden Lion for artists under 40), - at the 52nd Venice Biennale for "a practice that takes as its subject exile in general and the Palestinian issue in particular. Without recourse to exoticism, the work on display in the central Pavilion at the Giardini establishes and expands a crossover between cinema, archival documentation, narrative and sound". She was the recipient of the 2007 Prince Claus Award, an annual prize from the Prince Claus Fund for Culture and Development, The Hague, which described Jacir as "an exceptionally talented artist whose works seriously engage the implications of conflict." She is the winner of the 2008 Hugo Boss Prize by the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation. The Jury noted that she won the award for her "rigorous conceptual practice—comprising photography, video, performance, and installation-based work—bears witness to a culture torn by war and displacement. As a member of the Palestinian diaspora, she comments on issues of mobility (or the lack thereof), border crises, and historical amnesia through projects that unearth individual narratives and collective experiences." She is the Visual Arts winner of the 2011 Alpert Award in the Arts.In 2018 she won the "Curator of the Young Artist of the Year" award. Major works Memorial to 418 Palestinian Villages Destroyed, Depopulated, and Occupied by Israel in 1948 (2001) Developed during her residency at P.S.1's National Studio Program, Jacir opened her studio to Palestinians, Israelis, Americans, Egyptians, Syrians, Yemenis, Spaniards and others to embroider a refugee tent with the names of Palestinian villages impacted by Israeli expansion. "Memorial to 418 Palestinian Villages is mobile and vulnerable—resisting any false appeals to closure. It is not a didactic monument, but a sensitive, painful testament to a desperate tragedy that needs to be addressed and aches to be mourned." Where We Come From (2001-2003) Jacir, holder of an American passport, asked more than 30 Palestinians living both abroad and within the occupied territories: “If I could do anything for you, anywhere in Palestine, what would it be?” She collected responses and carried out tasks in an extended performance of wish-fulfilment by proxy, using her American passport to travel between territories, a privilege most Palestinians do not hold. Some of the tasks included playing football, eating local foods, paying bills, visiting a grave, meeting relatives or loved ones, etc. The details of the series's display were deliberate: within a simple, black frame, parallel text in Arabic and English listed the exact request, described the requestor's current location and situation in regards to movement, their name, and finally, notes on the completion of the task.Adjacent to this frame were the accompanying photographs of the artist carrying out the task, unframed, and printed larger than the text panels. This curatorial decision is explained through the idea that "viewers face a project that is first of all divided between text panels and photographs. But how to get from one to the other? The visual transition from language to image seems simple enough. A mere shift of the eyes will do... Yet it is just this translation, written out in clear language and then realized photographically, that for many is insurmountable... [it] represents an unbridgeable chasm, an impossibility on which a complex of desire is built." The documented result was shown in New York to great critical acclaim; "Where We Come From is [Jacir's] best so far.An art of cool Conceptual surfaces and ardent, intimate gestures, intensely political and beyond polemic, it adds up to one of the most moving gallery exhibitions I've encountered this season." Other reactions expressed "that her efforts resonated with the aspects of desire, fear and restricted movement." The work was acquired by San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, which added an extra text to Jacirs work. Crossing Surda (2003) "“Crossing Surda” (a record of going to and from work), exists because an Israeli soldier threatened me and put an M-16 into my temple. [Ms. Jacir says she was filming her feet with a video camera at a checkpoint that day.] If I had not had this direct threatening experience this piece would not exist." Tom Vanderbilt <mask>ir - Openings, February 2004, ArtForum.Accumulations (2005) "Ms. Jacir's deft extrapolation of the issues of identity from the specifics of experience, like her renewal and extension of what might be called classic Conceptual Art, is enormously impressive." Material for a film (2005-ongoing) "In Material for a Film (2005–ongoing) the displacement is total, as Jacir’s own identity is substituted for that of her subject, Wael Zuaiter, a Palestinian intellectual living in Rome who was assassinated in 1972 by Israeli agents, having been mistakenly identified as one of those responsible for the murder of Israeli athletes at the 1972 Olympics in Munich. The installation gathers together photographs, books, music, letters, interviews, telegrams, copies of the Italian magazine Rivoluzione Palestinese to which Zuaiter contributed, even a clip from a Pink Panther film in which he had a small part, to flesh out a life no longer there." "Jacir is a quiet and mercurial art-world figure, less than a decade deep into her career, and her Boss show rejects the obvious opportunity presented for leverage, debutante-style, as a headliner on the New York art stage and in the media that starts here. In fact, the only character in sharp focus for this exhibition is Wael Zuaiter, a Palestinian intellectual killed by Israeli secret service agents following the murder of eleven Israeli athletes and a German police officer by the militant group Black September at the 1972 Munich Olympics." Howard Halle criticized the pieces in an article in Time Out New York, writing, "That such a crude, self-indulgent exercise has been given one of contemporary art’s most prestigious awards is unfortunate, though not, sadly, entirely unexpected." Another critique by Ken Johnson of The New York Times said that, "If the ultimate point is to arouse humane concern for Palestinians in general, Ms. Jacir's work falls short."<mask>: "Material for a film": Retracing Wael Zuaiter (Part 1), installation in the 2007 La Biennale di Venezia <mask>ir: "Material for a film": A performance (Part 2), 16 July 2007, The Electronic Intifada Najwan Darwis: <mask>’s Material for a Film: Ongoing homage and artistic revenge for Wa’el Zuaiter Retracing bus no. 23 on the historic Jerusalem-Hebron Road (2006) <mask>, Photostory: Retracing bus no. 23 on the historic Jerusalem-Hebron Road, 15 December 2006, The Electronic Intifada stazione (2009) In 2009, Jacir participated in the Venice Biennale in the Palestinian Pavilion. She created a site-specific public project to take place in Venice during the Biennale. The Venice City Authorities shut down <mask>'s project and refused to allow it to take place. "Significant by its absence at the Venice Biennale was <mask>'s contribution to the official off-site exhibition, 'Palestine c/o Venice'. Jacir's artwork, Stazione, would have seen all of the piers for the Route 1 water bus (the vaporetto that runs up and down the Grand Canal) display the stop location names in Arabic as well as the usual Italian.Mockups were made, the Biennale approved, the council approved and the vaporetto company that runs Route 1 approved. Then suddenly it didn't. Apparently the vaporetto company stopped the project, and all the artist could find out, second-hand, was that they had 'received pressure from an outside source to shut it down for political reasons'." "<mask>’s stazione (2008 - 2009) is an unrealised intervention on the number 1 vaporetto (water bus) line, a main transport route along the Grand Canal beginning at Lido winding its way to Piazzale Roma, ferrying audiences from one Biennale exhibition to another, by inserting Arabic text supplementing the existing Italian names at vaporetti stops and thus making the route bilingual. In the artist’s explanation, the work references the numerous Arab influences and exchanges in the history of Venice, its architecture, manufacturing, shipping, and of course in the process of these activities, language - that Arabic words too have filtered into the Venetian dialect - ‘divan’, ‘damasco’, ‘gabella’, amongst others." Museums Museums where her work has been shown: CCS Hessel Museum of Contemporary Art at Bard College Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art at Cornell University in Siena, Italy, nella mostra 'System Error: war is a force that gives us meanings' Khalil Sakakini Cultural Center in Ramallah Modern Art Oxford Museum of Modern Art in New York Museum of Modern Art in San Francisco Whitechapel Gallery Whitney Museum of American Art The main gallery in the US that shows her work is Alexander and Bonin in NYC (212.367.7474) Biennales International biennales which have featured her work: 2013 Venice Biennale in Venice, Italy dOCUMENTA (13) (2012) in Kassel, Germany 2011 Venice Biennale in Venice, Italy 2011 Sharjah Biennial in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates 2009 Venice Biennale in Venice, Italy 2007 Venice Biennale in Venice, Italy, where she was awarded the 'Leone d'Oro a un artista under 40' 2006 Sydney Biennale in Sydney, Australia 2005 Venice Biennale in Venice, Italy 2005 Sharjah Biennial in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates 2004 Whitney Biennial at the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York City, United States The 2004 Gwangju Biennale in Gwangju, Korea. 2003 Istanbul Biennial in Istanbul, Turkey Articles (partial list) Kirsty Bell, Another Country April 2008, Frieze Report, The Electronic Intifada Artist Emily Jacir Awarded Prestigious Golden Lion TJ Demos, “Emily Jacir: Poetry’s Beyond,” Hugo Boss Prize 2008 (New York: Guggenheim Museum, 2008).<mask>, Anton Sinkewich, Oz Shelach: BATTLE CRY Boycott of all Israeli Art Institutions 7 April 2002, Israel Imperial News, <mask>, Ali La Pointe and Zena's words on the New York streets, 28 July 2006, The Electronic Intifada Emily Jacir, A Tale of Two Sisters: Witnessing an Undercover Israeli Operation in Ramallah (2), 15 November 2006, The Electronic Intifada <mask>, Palestinian Revolution Cinema Comes to NYC, 16 February 2007, The Electronic Intifada Desire in Diaspora: <mask>, Art Journal (62) Bibliography References External links Alpert Awards in depth artist profile on <mask>'s works <mask> Thompson Amoula il Majnoona Living people Palestinian women photographers Installation artists Performance artists Palestinian photographers People from Bethlehem Palestinian video artists 1972 births Palestinian emigrants to Italy American artists Palestinian women artists Palestinian contemporary artists

<mask> is a Palestinian artist. Jacir spent her childhood in Saudi Arabia and attended high school in Italy. She graduated with an art degree from the University of Dallas. She divides her time between New York and Ramallah. Work and career includes film, photography, installation, performance, video, writing and sound. She draws on the artistic medium of concept art and social intervention as a framework for her pieces, in which she focuses on themes of displacement, exile, and resistance, primarily within the context of Palestinian occupation. Since 1994, she has exhibited her work throughout the Americas, Europe, and the Middle East.The A. M. Qattan Foundation, Al Ma'mal Foundation for Contemporary Art and the Sakakini Cultural Center are some of the organizations that Jacir has worked with. She was involved in creating the Virtual Art Gallery. The first International Video Festival in Ramallah was founded by her. The Palestinian Revolution Cinema went on tour in 2007. The first Palestinian Film Festival was held in 2002. She served on the Academic Board of the International Academy of Art Palestine from 2006 to 2012 and is currently a full-time professor. The first year of the Ashkal Alwan Home Workspace Program was led by Jacir and he created the curriculum and programming afterwards.The Young Artist of the Year Award, A.M. Qattan Foundation, and the Berlinale Shorts Film Jury are recent juries. Without resorting to exoticism, the work on display in the central Pavilion at the Giardini establishes and expands a crossover between cinema, archival documentation, narrative and sound. She received the Prince Claus Award in 2007, an annual prize from the Prince Claus Fund for Culture and Development, The Hague, which described her as "an extremely talented artist whose works seriously engage the implications of conflict." She won the 2008 Hugo Boss Prize. She won the award for her "rigorous conceptual practice--comprising photography, video, performance, and installation-based work--bears witness to a culture torn by war and displacement." She comments on issues of mobility, border crises, and historical amnesia through projects that uncover individual narratives and collective experiences as a member of the Palestinian diaspora. She won the Alpert Award in the Arts.She won the "Curator of the Young Artist of the Year" award. During her residency at P.S.1's National Studio Program, Jacir opened her studio to Palestinians, Israelis, Americans, Egyptians, Syrians, and Spaniards. Memorial to 418 Palestinian Villages is vulnerable and mobile. It is a sensitive, painful testament to a desperate tragedy that needs to be addressed and mourned. More than 30 Palestinians living both abroad and within the occupied territories were asked, "If I could do anything for you, anywhere in Palestine, what would it be?" Playing football, eating local foods, paying bills, visiting a grave, meeting relatives or loved ones were some of the tasks. The details of the series's display were deliberate: within a simple, black frame, parallel text in Arabic and English listed the exact request, described the requestor's current location and situation in regards to movement, their name, and finally, notes on the completion of the task.The accompanying photographs of the artist carrying out the task were printed larger than the text panels. The idea is that viewers face a project that is first of all divided between text panels and photographs. How can I get from one to the other? It seems easy to transition from language to image. A shift in the eyes will do it. It is just this translation, written out in clear language and then realized photographically, that for many is impossible. "Where We Come From" was shown in New York to great critical praise.An art of cool surfaces and ardent, intimate gestures, intensely political and beyond polemic, it adds up to one of the most moving gallery exhibitions I've encountered this season. Other reactions said that her efforts were related to desire, fear and restricted movement. The San Francisco Museum of Modern Art added an extra text to the work. A record of going and from work exists because an Israeli soldier put an M-16 into my temple. Ms. Jacir said she was filming her feet with a video camera at the checkpoint. This piece would not exist if I hadn't had this experience. The February 2004, ArtForum."Ms. Jacir's extrapolation of the issues of identity from the specifics of experience, like her renewal and extension of what might be called classic Conceptual Art, is enormously impressive." "In Material for a Film (2005–ongoing) the displacement is total, as Jacir's own identity is replaced for that of her subject, Wael Zuaiter, a Palestinian intellectual living in Rome who was assassinated in 1972" The installation gathers together photographs, books, music, letters, interviews, telegrams, copies of the Italian magazine Rivoluzione Palestinese to which Zuaiter contributed, even a clip from a Pink Panther film in which he had a small part, to flesh out a life no longer there Jacir is a quiet and mercurial art-world figure, less than a decade deep into her career, and her Boss show rejects the obvious opportunity presented for leverage, debutante-style, as a headliners on the New York art stage and in the media that starts here." The only character in sharp focus for this exhibition is Wael Zuaiter, a Palestinian intellectual killed by Israeli secret service agents following the murder of eleven Israeli athletes and a German police officer by the militant group Black September at the 1972 Munich Olympics. Howard Halle criticized the pieces in an article in Time Out New York, writing, "That such a crude, self-indulgent exercise has been given one of contemporary art's most prestigious awards is unfortunate, though not, sadly, entirely unexpected." According to Ken Johnson of The New York Times, if the ultimate point is to arouse humane concern for Palestinians in general, Ms. Jacir's work falls short.The 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 Photostory: Retracing bus no. 23 on the historic Jerusalem-Hebron Road. The Electronic Intifada stazione was held on the historic Jerusalem-Hebron Road. She created a project to take place in Venice. The Venice City Authorities refused to allow the project to take place. Emily Jacir's contribution to the official off-site exhibition, 'Palestine c/o Venice', was significant by its absence at the Venice Biennale. All of the piers for the Route 1 water bus would have had the stop location names in Arabic as well as the usual Italian on them.The council approved and the vaporetto company that runs Route 1 was approved. Then suddenly it didn't. Apparently the vaporetto company stopped the project, and all the artist could find out, second-hand, was that they had received pressure from an outside source to shut it down for political reasons. The stazione is an intervention on the number 1 vaporetto line, a main transport route along the Grand Canal beginning at Lido, ferrying audiences from one exhibition to another. In the artist's explanation, the work references the numerous Arab influences and exchanges in the history of Venice, its architecture, manufacturing, shipping, and of course in the process of these activities, language. Her work can be found at the CCS Hessel Museum of Contemporary Art at Bard College and the Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art at Cornell University. The Electronic Intifada Artist <mask> won the Golden Lion at the Hugo Boss Prize in New York.<mask>, Ali La Pointe and Zena's words on the New York streets were published in The Electronic Intifada Emily.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob%20Baradaeus

Jacob Baradaeus

Jacob Baradaeus (; ; ; ), also known as Jacob bar Addai or Jacob bar Theophilus, was the Bishop of Edessa from 543/544 until his death in 578. He is venerated as a saint in the Oriental Orthodox Churches and his feast day is 31 July. Jacob's missionary efforts helped establish the non-Chalcedonian Syriac Orthodox Church, also known as the "Jacobite" Church after its eponymous founder, and ensured its survival despite persecution. Background Following the Council of Chalcedon in 451, the church in the Eastern Roman Empire suffered division between Chalcedonians, supporters of the council, and non-Chalcedonians, also known as miaphysites, who opposed the council. Non-Chalcedonians lost political support at the ascension of Emperor Justin I in 518, who subsequently persecuted non-Chalcedonians. Consequentially, the number of non-Chalcedonian religious leaders declined and, despite the widespread support they held in Syria, Armenia, and Egypt, non-Chalcedonianism faced extinction. Biography Jacob was born in c. 500 in the city of Tall Mawzalt, and was the son of Theophilus bar Manu, a priest. At the age of two, Jacob was left in the care of Eustathius, Abbot of the Monastery of Fsilta, and studied Greek, Syriac, and religious and theological texts. Jacob's mother later returned to the monastery and attempted to bring him home, however, Jacob refused to return and declared his dedication to Christ. After his parents' death, Jacob donated his inheritance to the poor and manumitted several slaves he had inherited, to whom he bestowed his parents' house. Later, Jacob was ordained a deacon and priest at the monastery. At this time, Jacob became renowned as a miracle-worker and people came to him seeking healing. Several miracles are attributed to Jacob, such as the resurrection of the dead, the healing of the blind, procurement of rain, and stopping the movement of the sun. He is also reputed to have ended the Siege of Edessa as Khosrow I was afflicted with a vision and abandoned the siege. Empress Theodora, a non-Chalcedonian, learned of Jacob and invited him to meet with her at Constantinople, however, he was reluctant to do so. In a vision, Jacob was instructed to travel to Constantinople, and thus, in c. 527, he arrived at the capital. Theodora received Jacob with honour, however, he was uninterested in life at court, and entered the Monastery of Sykai, where he remained for 15 years. Whilst at Constantinople, he gained the favour of Theodora and Al-Harith ibn Jabalah, King of the Ghassanids, both fellow non-Chalcedonians. An outbreak of persecution of non-Chalcedonians carried out by Ephraim, Patriarch of Antioch, spurred Empress Theodora and Al-Harith to urge Pope Theodosius I of Alexandria to consecrate bishops to counter Ephraim and ensure the survival of non-Chalcedonianism. Thus, Jacob was consecrated Bishop of Edessa by Pope Theodosius in Constantinople in 543/544. After his episcopal appointment, Jacob travelled to Alexandria, where he, with two non-Chalcedonian bishops, consecrated Conon as Bishop of Tarsus and Eugenius as Bishop of Seleucia. He then set about consecrating non-Chalcedonian clergymen throughout Mesopotamia, Anatolia, Syria, Palestine, and Egypt. At this time, through his missionary work, Jacob aimed to restore non-Chalcedonianism as the official position of the church in the Eastern Roman Empire. The Roman government attempted to hinder the non-Chalcedonian revival and imprison Jacob, however, in his travels he wore a disguise and thus became known as Burde'ana, "man in ragged clothes", from which the sobriquet "Baradaeus" is derived. Jacob ordained Sergius bar Karya as Bishop of Harran and Sergius of Tella as Patriarch of Antioch in 544. After Sergius of Tella's death in 547, with Eugenius, Jacob ordained Paul as Patriarch of Antioch in 550. Differences between Jacob and Eugenius and Conon later emerged and Jacob anathematised the pair for their adherence to Tritheism, and they anathematised Jacob on the accusation of adherence to Sabellianism. In 553, Emperor Justinian I convened the Second Council of Constantinople in an attempt to unite Chalcedonians and non-Chalcedonians. However, the council was unconvincing to Syrian non-Chalcedonians, and Jacob began to form a separate, non-Chalcedonian church, that would later become the Syriac Orthodox Church. Jacob ordained John of Ephesus as Bishop of Ephesus in 558. In 559, Jacob consecrated Ahudemmeh as Metropolitan of the East. In 566, Jacob attended discussions held by Emperor Justin II at Constantinople between Chalcedonians and non-Chalcedonians with the goal of a compromise between the two factions. At the end of the discussions in 567, Justin issued an edict which was agreed upon by all who attended, however, the edict was rejected by a non-Chalcedonian council at Raqqa. Later, in 571, Jacob Baradaeus and other non-Chalcedonian bishops gave their approval to an edict of union with the Chalcedonian church as they both agreed they held the same beliefs but expressed them differently. Jacob and the other bishops subsequently accepted communion from John Scholasticus, Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople. This angered many non-Chalcedonians, however, and the bishops withdrew their approval of the edict. Unbeknownst to Jacob, Paul, Patriarch of Antioch, and several other non-Chalcedonian bishops, had been tortured by the Roman government and unwillingly agreed to adhere to Chalcedonianism. Jacob consequentially forbade Paul from receiving communion and Paul took refuge in the Kingdom of the Ghassanids. Three years later, Paul was brought before a non-Chalcedonian synod and Jacob restored him to communion for his penance. This angered Egyptian non-Chalcedonians, and, in 576, Pope Peter IV of Alexandria deposed Paul as Patriarch of Antioch, contrary to canon law. Jacob denounced Peter, however, in an effort to reunite non-Chalcedonians, he travelled to Alexandria and agreed to give his assent to Paul's deposition on the condition he was not excommunicated, thus restoring good relations between the Syrian and Egyptian non-Chalcedonians. Nevertheless, on Jacob's return to Syria, many Syrian non-Chalcedonians expressed anger at the compromise and violence erupted between Jacob and Paul's supporters. King Al-Mundhir III ibn al-Harith, Al-Harith's successor, and Paul attempted to discuss the conflict with Jacob, however, he refused to seek another compromise. Jacob, with several other bishops, abruptly left Syria with the intention of travelling to Alexandria. Whilst en route, Jacob and his group stopped at the Monastery of St. Romanus in Maiuma where they became ill and Jacob died on 30 July 578. According to Cyriacus, Bishop of Mardin, Jacob's remains were kept at the Monastery of St. Romanus until moved to the Monastery of Fsilta in 622. References Bibliography 6th-century Oriental Orthodox archbishops 6th-century Christian saints 6th-century Byzantine bishops Bishops of Edessa Syrian archbishops 6th-century Syriac Orthodox Church bishops Oriental Orthodox saints 500s births 578 deaths Wonderworkers Ancient Christians involved in controversies

<mask> (; ; ; ), also known as <mask> bar Addai or <mask> bar Theophilus, was the Bishop of Edessa from 543/544 until his death in 578. He is venerated as a saint in the Oriental Orthodox Churches and his feast day is 31 July. <mask>'s missionary efforts helped establish the non-Chalcedonian Syriac Orthodox Church, also known as the "Jacobite" Church after its eponymous founder, and ensured its survival despite persecution. Background Following the Council of Chalcedon in 451, the church in the Eastern Roman Empire suffered division between Chalcedonians, supporters of the council, and non-Chalcedonians, also known as miaphysites, who opposed the council. Non-Chalcedonians lost political support at the ascension of Emperor Justin I in 518, who subsequently persecuted non-Chalcedonians. Consequentially, the number of non-Chalcedonian religious leaders declined and, despite the widespread support they held in Syria, Armenia, and Egypt, non-Chalcedonianism faced extinction. Biography <mask> was born in c. 500 in the city of Tall Mawzalt, and was the son of Theophilus bar Manu, a priest.At the age of two, <mask> was left in the care of Eustathius, Abbot of the Monastery of Fsilta, and studied Greek, Syriac, and religious and theological texts. <mask>'s mother later returned to the monastery and attempted to bring him home, however, <mask> refused to return and declared his dedication to Christ. After his parents' death, <mask> donated his inheritance to the poor and manumitted several slaves he had inherited, to whom he bestowed his parents' house. Later, <mask> was ordained a deacon and priest at the monastery. At this time, <mask> became renowned as a miracle-worker and people came to him seeking healing. Several miracles are attributed to <mask>, such as the resurrection of the dead, the healing of the blind, procurement of rain, and stopping the movement of the sun. He is also reputed to have ended the Siege of Edessa as Khosrow I was afflicted with a vision and abandoned the siege.Empress Theodora, a non-Chalcedonian, learned of <mask> and invited him to meet with her at Constantinople, however, he was reluctant to do so. In a vision, <mask> was instructed to travel to Constantinople, and thus, in c. 527, he arrived at the capital. Theodora received <mask> with honour, however, he was uninterested in life at court, and entered the Monastery of Sykai, where he remained for 15 years. Whilst at Constantinople, he gained the favour of Theodora and Al-Harith ibn Jabalah, King of the Ghassanids, both fellow non-Chalcedonians. An outbreak of persecution of non-Chalcedonians carried out by Ephraim, Patriarch of Antioch, spurred Empress Theodora and Al-Harith to urge Pope Theodosius I of Alexandria to consecrate bishops to counter Ephraim and ensure the survival of non-Chalcedonianism. Thus, <mask> was consecrated Bishop of Edessa by Pope Theodosius in Constantinople in 543/544. After his episcopal appointment, <mask> travelled to Alexandria, where he, with two non-Chalcedonian bishops, consecrated Conon as Bishop of Tarsus and Eugenius as Bishop of Seleucia.He then set about consecrating non-Chalcedonian clergymen throughout Mesopotamia, Anatolia, Syria, Palestine, and Egypt. At this time, through his missionary work, <mask> aimed to restore non-Chalcedonianism as the official position of the church in the Eastern Roman Empire. The Roman government attempted to hinder the non-Chalcedonian revival and imprison <mask>, however, in his travels he wore a disguise and thus became known as Burde'ana, "man in ragged clothes", from which the sobriquet "Baradaeus" is derived. <mask> ordained Sergius bar Karya as Bishop of Harran and Sergius of Tella as Patriarch of Antioch in 544. After Sergius of Tella's death in 547, with Eugenius, <mask> ordained Paul as Patriarch of Antioch in 550. Differences between <mask> and Eugenius and Conon later emerged and <mask> anathematised the pair for their adherence to Tritheism, and they anathematised <mask> on the accusation of adherence to Sabellianism. In 553, Emperor Justinian I convened the Second Council of Constantinople in an attempt to unite Chalcedonians and non-Chalcedonians.However, the council was unconvincing to Syrian non-Chalcedonians, and <mask> began to form a separate, non-Chalcedonian church, that would later become the Syriac Orthodox Church. <mask> ordained John of Ephesus as Bishop of Ephesus in 558. In 559, <mask> consecrated Ahudemmeh as Metropolitan of the East. In 566, <mask> attended discussions held by Emperor Justin II at Constantinople between Chalcedonians and non-Chalcedonians with the goal of a compromise between the two factions. At the end of the discussions in 567, Justin issued an edict which was agreed upon by all who attended, however, the edict was rejected by a non-Chalcedonian council at Raqqa. Later, in 571, <mask> and other non-Chalcedonian bishops gave their approval to an edict of union with the Chalcedonian church as they both agreed they held the same beliefs but expressed them differently. <mask> and the other bishops subsequently accepted communion from John Scholasticus, Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople.This angered many non-Chalcedonians, however, and the bishops withdrew their approval of the edict. Unbeknownst to <mask>, Paul, Patriarch of Antioch, and several other non-Chalcedonian bishops, had been tortured by the Roman government and unwillingly agreed to adhere to Chalcedonianism. <mask> consequentially forbade Paul from receiving communion and Paul took refuge in the Kingdom of the Ghassanids. Three years later, Paul was brought before a non-Chalcedonian synod and <mask> restored him to communion for his penance. This angered Egyptian non-Chalcedonians, and, in 576, Pope Peter IV of Alexandria deposed Paul as Patriarch of Antioch, contrary to canon law. <mask> denounced Peter, however, in an effort to reunite non-Chalcedonians, he travelled to Alexandria and agreed to give his assent to Paul's deposition on the condition he was not excommunicated, thus restoring good relations between the Syrian and Egyptian non-Chalcedonians. Nevertheless, on <mask>'s return to Syria, many Syrian non-Chalcedonians expressed anger at the compromise and violence erupted between <mask> and Paul's supporters.King Al-Mundhir III ibn al-Harith, Al-Harith's successor, and Paul attempted to discuss the conflict with <mask>, however, he refused to seek another compromise. <mask>, with several other bishops, abruptly left Syria with the intention of travelling to Alexandria. Whilst en route, <mask> and his group stopped at the Monastery of St. Romanus in Maiuma where they became ill and <mask> died on 30 July 578. According to Cyriacus, Bishop of Mardin, <mask>'s remains were kept at the Monastery of St. Romanus until moved to the Monastery of Fsilta in 622. References Bibliography 6th-century Oriental Orthodox archbishops 6th-century Christian saints 6th-century Byzantine bishops Bishops of Edessa Syrian archbishops 6th-century Syriac Orthodox Church bishops Oriental Orthodox saints 500s births 578 deaths Wonderworkers Ancient Christians involved in controversies

<mask>, also known as <mask> or <mask> bar Theophilus, was the Bishop of Edessa until his death in 578. 31 July is the feast day of a saint in the Oriental Orthodox Churches. <mask>'s missionary efforts helped establish the non-Chalcedonian Syriac Orthodox Church, also known as the "Jacobite" Church after its eponymous founder, and ensured its survival despite persecution. The church in the Eastern Roman Empire was divided between those who supported the council and those who did not. The ascension of Emperor Justin I in 518 resulted in the persecution of non-Chalcedonians. Despite the widespread support they held in Syria, Armenia, and Egypt, non-Chalcedonianism faced extinction. <mask> was the son of a priest and was born in 500.At the age of two, <mask> was left in the care of Eustathius, Abbot of the Monastery of Fsilta, and he studied Greek, Syriac, and religious and theological texts. <mask> refused to return and declared his dedication to Christ after his mother returned to the monastery. <mask> gave his inheritance to the poor and his slaves to whom he gave his parents' house. <mask> was a priest at the monastery. People came to <mask> to seek healing after he became renowned as a miracle-worker. The resurrection of the dead, the healing of the blind, and the procurement of rain are some of the miracles attributed to <mask>. According to legend, he ended the Siege of Edessa as he was afflicted with a vision and abandoned the siege.<mask> was invited to meet with Theodora at Constantinople, however, he was reluctant to do so. <mask> was told to travel to Constantinople in a vision, and he arrived at the capital. Theodora received <mask>, but he 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 He gained the favor of Theodora and Al-Harith in Constantinople. Theodora and Al-Harith urged Pope Theodosius I of Alexandria to take action against Ephraim and ensure the survival of non-Chalced. Pope Theodosius consecrated <mask> as Bishop of Edessa in Constantinople. Conon was consecrated as Bishop of Tarsus and Eugenius as Bishop of Seleucia after Jacob traveled to Alexandria.He then went after non-Chalcedonian clergymen in Mesopotamia, Anatolia, Syria, Palestine, and Egypt. The official position of the church in the Eastern Roman Empire was restored through <mask>'s missionary work. The sobriquet "Baradaeus" is derived from the fact that <mask> wore a disguise and became known as Burde'ana, "man in ragged clothes". Sergius bar Karya was made the Bishop of Harran and Sergius of Tella was made the Orthodox of Antioch by <mask>. After Sergius of Tella's death in 547, <mask> made Paul the leader of Antioch. <mask> was against Eugenius and Conon for their adherence to Tritheism and he was against them for their adherence to Sabellianism. The Second Council of Constantinople was convened in an attempt to unify the two groups.The council was unconvincing to Syrian non-Chalcedonians, and <mask> began to form a separate church that would later become the Syriac Orthodox Church. The Bishop of Ephesus was named John of Ephesus. <mask> consecrated Ahudemmeh as Metropolitan of the East. The goal of the discussions held at Constantinople was to compromise between the two groups. The council at Raqqa rejected the edict that was issued at the end of the discussions. In 571, <mask> and other non-Chacedonian bishops gave their approval to an edict of union with the Chalcedonian church as they both agreed they held the same beliefs but expressed them differently. The other bishops accepted communion from John Scholasticus.The bishops withdrew their approval of the edict. The Roman government tortured and agreed to adhere to Chalcedonianism, despite the fact that <mask> was unaware of it. Paul took refuge in the Kingdom of the Ghassanids after <mask> forbade him from receiving communion. <mask> restored Paul to communion after three years after he was brought before a non-Chalcedonian synod. In 576, Pope Peter IV of Alexandria deposed Paul as Antioch's spiritual leader, contrary to canon law. <mask> agreed to give his assent to Paul's deposition if he was not excommunicated, thus restoring good relations between the Syrians and Egyptians. On <mask>'s return to Syria, many Syrians expressed anger at the compromise between <mask> and Paul's supporters.King Al-Mundhir III ibn al-Harith, Al-Harith's successor, and Paul attempted to discuss the conflict with <mask>, however, he refused to seek another compromise. <mask> left Syria with the intention of going to Alexandria. <mask> and his group died at the Monastery of St. Romanus in Maiuma after they became ill. <mask>'s remains were kept at the Monastery of St. Romanus until they moved to the Monastery of Fsilta. There are 6th-century Oriental Orthodox archbishops, 6th-century Christian saints, 6th-century Byzantine bishops, 6th-century Syrian archbishops, and 6th-century Syriac Orthodox Church bishops.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Whipple%20Warren

William Whipple Warren

William Whipple Warren (May 27, 1825 – June 1, 1853) was a historian, interpreter, and legislator in the Minnesota Territory. The son of Lyman Marcus Warren, an American fur trader and Mary Cadotte, the Ojibwe-Metis daughter of fur trader Michel Cadotte, he was of Ojibwe and French descent. William lived in two cultures, because his father was white, he was not considered Ojibwe, but an Ojibwe "relative", because in the Ojibwe patrilineal culture, inheritance and property were passed through the paternal line. His mother was Ojibwe and he learned her culture from her family. He is the first historian of the Ojibwe people in the European tradition. In the fall of 1845, Warren moved at the age of 20 from Wisconsin to Crow Wing in present-day Minnesota. He worked as an interpreter for the fur trader Henry Mower Rice. Bilingual and educated in the United States style, Warren started collecting stories from the oral tradition of the Ojibwe to tell their history. He drew from oral history to tell about the people prior to their encounter with Europeans, and combined it with documentation in the European style. After suffering from tuberculosis for many years, he died as a young man of 28 from a hemorrhage on June 1, 1853 and was buried in Saint Paul, Minnesota. His history was published posthumously in 1885 by the Minnesota Historical Society. A revised, annotated edition was published in 2009. Early life and family William Whipple Warren was born in 1825 in La Pointe, Michigan Territory (present-day Wisconsin), on Madeline Island. He was the son of Mary Cadotte, an Ojibwe and the daughter of Ikwesewe or Madeline Cadotte, daughter of the headman of the high-status White Crane clan of the Anishinaabe, and her husband Michel Cadotte, a major fur trader of Ojibwe-French (Métis) descent. Her parents had both been important to the fur trade on Madeline Island, named after her mother in 1828. His father was Lyman Marcus Warren, an American fur trader and descendant of Richard Warren in New England. As the Ojibwe had a patrilineal system, children were considered to be born into their father's clan and lines of descent. Those born to a non-Ojibwe father had no clan or formal place within the tribe, unless specifically adopted by a man of the tribe. They and their mothers could usually find protection within the tribe. Such multiracial children of the period often also faced discrimination by European-American society, whose people considered them more "Indian" than white, regardless of the lines of ancestry. Lyman and Mary had a second son Truman (named after his brother) and daughters Julia and Mary. (The senior Truman Warren had married a sister of Mary Cadotte, so the families were doubly linked. Truman Warren and his wife had twin sons Edward and George Warren, a few years younger than William.) After attending Protestant mission schools at La Pointe and on Mackinac Island, in 1836 young Warren traveled back East with his paternal grandfather Lyman Warren to Clarkson, New York to live. There he attended Clarkson Academy. He next attended the Oneida Institute near Whitesboro, New York, a Presbyterian college founded for the education of Native Americans. It combined liberal and what was called industrial or artisan education. The director was Beriah Green, an abolitionist. In 1840 at the age of 15, Warren returned to his family in La Pointe. Career Warren liked to sit with his mother's people and hear the Ojibwe stories. At age 17, he started working as an interpreter, as he was bilingual. At the same time, he made notes on the stories and history of the Ojibwe when he could. In the fall of 1845, he moved to Crow Wing, Wisconsin Territory (now Minnesota) to work as an interpreter for the trader Henry Mower Rice. Warren continued collecting stories and began to write a history of the Ojibwe. A man of two cultures, Warren was considered a mixed-blood. "He knew he would not be considered an Indian by the Indians, nor did he dare declare himself Indian. Still the Ojibwe considered him their relative ... and relied on him for his counsel and his honesty." He considered that he had a unique position for collecting and writing the history of the Ojibwe. In 1848 Rice had Warren answering survey questions about the Ho-Chunk and Ojibwe. The survey had been sent by Henry Rowe Schoolcraft, an early ethnologist and the former US Superintendent of Indian Affairs in the region. He was collecting material for what would be his six-volume history of Native Americans, commissioned by the US Congress. Warren met Schoolcraft, who gave the young man an additional sense of how important his work was. Rice passed Warren's work on to the Minnesota Pioneer, which in 1849 published his essays on history. In time away from his work as an interpreter with Rice, Warren continued to collect the tribal stories. He worked to find ways to identify dates in the Ojibwe oral histories, in order to write a history that satisfied some of European-American conventions. Historians have found that his work is generally quite accurate. As the historian Theresa Schenk notes in a 2009 edition, he was "one of the first to recognize the value of oral tradition as a source for history." Encouraged by the reception of his work, Warren prepared A Brief History of the Ojibwas, which the Minnesota Democrat newspaper published in several installments in 1851. He used the perspective of his American education to present the stories of the Ojibwe people. He recounted their wars, political leaders and history, and always credited his sources. Most of his informants were men, as would be traditional for a young man. Worried that the culture was disappearing, he felt it needed to be conveyed by its own people. In 1851 Warren was elected as a legislator from the Minnesota Territory, serving in the Minnesota Territorial House of Representatives. He was one of seven members of the House who resigned in protest over the 1851 reapportionment plan, claiming that the census count was incorrect. He sought re-election in 1851, but lost to James Beatty. He challenged Beatty's election, saying that many of the votes cast for Beatty were illegal; but the House denied his challenge. The trader Henry Rice also became a politician and was elected several years later by the state legislature as a United States Senator (1858–1863). In 1865, he ran as a candidate for governor of Minnesota. Marriage and family Warren married Mathilda Aitken, August 10, 1843 at La Pointe. She was born around 1822 at Sandy Lake, Minnesota and baptized September 13, 1835 at La Pointe. She had multi-racial ancestry similar to his: she was the daughter of Gin-gion-cumig-oke, an Ojibwe woman, and her husband William Alexander Aitken, a European-American fur trader. The Warren children were: Alfred A. (1844–1934) Cordelia H. "Delia" (c. 1846–1940) Anna (1846–1940) William Tyler (1848–1900) Madeline (1853–1907) After the early death of Warren in 1853, his widow Mathilda later married Louis Fontaine. Under the Dawes Act, as an Ojibwe she was allotted land on the White Earth Reservation as "Mathilda Fontaine," when communal lands were divided among the households of members of the tribe. Mathilda Fontaine died October 19, 1902. Work Warren's History of the Ojibway People, Based Upon Traditions and Oral Statements (1885) was published more than 30 years after his death by the Minnesota Historical Society. He was the first European-style historian of the Ojibwe people, and his work is considered influential in the field. It was reprinted in 2009 in a version annotated and edited by the historian Theresa Schenk, who provides context for his work. References External links 1825 births 1853 deaths Ojibwe people Bates College alumni Native American writers Writers from Minnesota Members of the Minnesota Territorial Legislature People from La Pointe, Wisconsin People from Crow Wing County, Minnesota American male writers 19th-century American politicians Linguists of Algic languages Oneida Institute alumni Historians from Minnesota Historians from Wisconsin

<mask> (May 27, 1825 – June 1, 1853) was a historian, interpreter, and legislator in the Minnesota Territory. The son of <mask>, an American fur trader and Mary Cadotte, the Ojibwe-Metis daughter of fur trader Michel Cadotte, he was of Ojibwe and French descent. <mask> lived in two cultures, because his father was white, he was not considered Ojibwe, but an Ojibwe "relative", because in the Ojibwe patrilineal culture, inheritance and property were passed through the paternal line. His mother was Ojibwe and he learned her culture from her family. He is the first historian of the Ojibwe people in the European tradition. In the fall of 1845, <mask> moved at the age of 20 from Wisconsin to Crow Wing in present-day Minnesota. He worked as an interpreter for the fur trader Henry Mower Rice.Bilingual and educated in the United States style, <mask> started collecting stories from the oral tradition of the Ojibwe to tell their history. He drew from oral history to tell about the people prior to their encounter with Europeans, and combined it with documentation in the European style. After suffering from tuberculosis for many years, he died as a young man of 28 from a hemorrhage on June 1, 1853 and was buried in Saint Paul, Minnesota. His history was published posthumously in 1885 by the Minnesota Historical Society. A revised, annotated edition was published in 2009. Early life and family <mask> <mask> was born in 1825 in La Pointe, Michigan Territory (present-day Wisconsin), on Madeline Island. He was the son of Mary Cadotte, an Ojibwe and the daughter of Ikwesewe or Madeline Cadotte, daughter of the headman of the high-status White Crane clan of the Anishinaabe, and her husband Michel Cadotte, a major fur trader of Ojibwe-French (Métis) descent.Her parents had both been important to the fur trade on Madeline Island, named after her mother in 1828. His father was Lyman <mask>, an American fur trader and descendant of <mask> in New England. As the Ojibwe had a patrilineal system, children were considered to be born into their father's clan and lines of descent. Those born to a non-Ojibwe father had no clan or formal place within the tribe, unless specifically adopted by a man of the tribe. They and their mothers could usually find protection within the tribe. Such multiracial children of the period often also faced discrimination by European-American society, whose people considered them more "Indian" than white, regardless of the lines of ancestry. Lyman and Mary had a second son Truman (named after his brother) and daughters Julia and Mary.(The senior <mask> had married a sister of Mary Cadotte, so the families were doubly linked. <mask> and his wife had twin sons Edward and <mask>, a few years younger than <mask>.) After attending Protestant mission schools at La Pointe and on Mackinac Island, in 1836 young <mask> traveled back East with his paternal grandfather Lyman <mask> to Clarkson, New York to live. There he attended Clarkson Academy. He next attended the Oneida Institute near Whitesboro, New York, a Presbyterian college founded for the education of Native Americans. It combined liberal and what was called industrial or artisan education. The director was Beriah Green, an abolitionist.In 1840 at the age of 15, <mask> returned to his family in La Pointe. Career <mask> liked to sit with his mother's people and hear the Ojibwe stories. At age 17, he started working as an interpreter, as he was bilingual. At the same time, he made notes on the stories and history of the Ojibwe when he could. In the fall of 1845, he moved to Crow Wing, Wisconsin Territory (now Minnesota) to work as an interpreter for the trader Henry Mower Rice. <mask> continued collecting stories and began to write a history of the Ojibwe. A man of two cultures, <mask> was considered a mixed-blood."He knew he would not be considered an Indian by the Indians, nor did he dare declare himself Indian. Still the Ojibwe considered him their relative ... and relied on him for his counsel and his honesty." He considered that he had a unique position for collecting and writing the history of the Ojibwe. In 1848 Rice had <mask> answering survey questions about the Ho-Chunk and Ojibwe. The survey had been sent by Henry Rowe Schoolcraft, an early ethnologist and the former US Superintendent of Indian Affairs in the region. He was collecting material for what would be his six-volume history of Native Americans, commissioned by the US Congress. <mask> met Schoolcraft, who gave the young man an additional sense of how important his work was.Rice passed <mask>'s work on to the Minnesota Pioneer, which in 1849 published his essays on history. In time away from his work as an interpreter with Rice, <mask> continued to collect the tribal stories. He worked to find ways to identify dates in the Ojibwe oral histories, in order to write a history that satisfied some of European-American conventions. Historians have found that his work is generally quite accurate. As the historian Theresa Schenk notes in a 2009 edition, he was "one of the first to recognize the value of oral tradition as a source for history." Encouraged by the reception of his work, <mask> prepared A Brief History of the Ojibwas, which the Minnesota Democrat newspaper published in several installments in 1851. He used the perspective of his American education to present the stories of the Ojibwe people.He recounted their wars, political leaders and history, and always credited his sources. Most of his informants were men, as would be traditional for a young man. Worried that the culture was disappearing, he felt it needed to be conveyed by its own people. In 1851 <mask> was elected as a legislator from the Minnesota Territory, serving in the Minnesota Territorial House of Representatives. He was one of seven members of the House who resigned in protest over the 1851 reapportionment plan, claiming that the census count was incorrect. He sought re-election in 1851, but lost to James Beatty. He challenged Beatty's election, saying that many of the votes cast for Beatty were illegal; but the House denied his challenge.The trader Henry Rice also became a politician and was elected several years later by the state legislature as a United States Senator (1858–1863). In 1865, he ran as a candidate for governor of Minnesota. Marriage and family <mask> married Mathilda Aitken, August 10, 1843 at La Pointe. She was born around 1822 at Sandy Lake, Minnesota and baptized September 13, 1835 at La Pointe. She had multi-racial ancestry similar to his: she was the daughter of Gin-gion-cumig-oke, an Ojibwe woman, and her husband <mask> Aitken, a European-American fur trader. The <mask> children were: Alfred A. (1844–1934) Cordelia H. "Delia" (c. 1846–1940) Anna (1846–1940) <mask> (1848–1900) Madeline (1853–1907) After the early death of <mask> in 1853, his widow Mathilda later married Louis Fontaine.Under the Dawes Act, as an Ojibwe she was allotted land on the White Earth Reservation as "Mathilda Fontaine," when communal lands were divided among the households of members of the tribe. Mathilda Fontaine died October 19, 1902. <mask>'s History of the Ojibway People, Based Upon Traditions and Oral Statements (1885) was published more than 30 years after his death by the Minnesota Historical Society. He was the first European-style historian of the Ojibwe people, and his work is considered influential in the field. It was reprinted in 2009 in a version annotated and edited by the historian Theresa Schenk, who provides context for his work. References External links 1825 births 1853 deaths Ojibwe people Bates College alumni Native American writers Writers from Minnesota Members of the Minnesota Territorial Legislature People from La Pointe, Wisconsin People from Crow Wing County, Minnesota American male writers 19th-century American politicians Linguists of Algic languages Oneida Institute alumni Historians from Minnesota Historians from Wisconsin

<mask> was a historian, interpreter, and legislator in the Minnesota Territory. Mary Cadotte, the daughter of a fur trader, was of Ojibwe and French descent. In the Ojibwe patrilineal culture, inheritance and property were passed through the paternal line, so <mask> was not considered Ojibwe, but an Ojibwe "relative". He learned his mother's culture from her family. He is the first historian of the Ojibwe people. In the fall of 1845, <mask> moved from Wisconsin to Crow Wing in present-day Minnesota. He worked for a fur trader.<mask> started collecting stories from the oral tradition of the Ojibwe to tell their history. He combined oral history with documentation in the European style to tell about the people before they met Europeans. He died from a hemorrhage at the age of 28 and was buried in Saint Paul, Minnesota. His history was published in 1885. An annotated edition was published in 2009. <mask> was born in La Pointe, Michigan Territory, in the present-day Wisconsin Territory. Mary Cadotte was the daughter of the headman of the White Crane clan of the Anishinaabe, and her husband was a major fur trader.The fur trade on the island was named after her mother. His father was a fur trader and descendant of <mask>. As the Ojibwe had a patrilineal system, children were considered to be born into their father's clan and lines of descent. Unless specifically adopted by a man of the tribe, those born to non-Ojibwe fathers had no clan or formal place within the tribe. They and their mothers were usually protected by the tribe. Europeans considered multiracial children of the period to be more Indian than white, regardless of their lines of ancestry. Julia and Mary were the daughters of Lyman and Mary.The families were linked because the senior <mask> married a sister of Mary Cadotte. Twin sons Edward and <mask> were younger than <mask>. After attending Protestant mission schools at La Pointe and on Mackinac Island, <mask> traveled back East with his paternal grandfather to live in New York. He attended the academy. The Oneida Institute is a Presbyterian college founded for the education of Native Americans. It was a combination of liberal and industrial education. Beriah Green was the director.<mask> returned to La Pointe at the age of 15. Career <mask> was fond of listening to the Ojibwe stories. He began working as an interpreter when he was 17 years old. He made notes on the history of the Ojibwe when he could. He moved to Crow Wing, Wisconsin Territory in the fall of 1845 to work as an interpreter for Henry Mower Rice. <mask> began to write a history of the Ojibwe. <mask> was considered a mixed-blood because he was a man of two cultures.He knew he wouldn't be considered an Indian by the Indians. The Ojibwe relied on him for his honesty and counsel. He had a unique position for collecting and writing the history of the Ojibwe. <mask> answered questions about the Ho-Chunk and Ojibwe. Henry Rowe Schoolcraft, an early ethnologist and the former US Supt of Indian Affairs in the region, sent the survey. The US Congress commissioned a six-volume history of Native Americans from him. Schoolcraft gave the young man a sense of how important his work was.The Minnesota Pioneer published <mask>'s essays on history in 1849. During his time away from Rice, <mask> continued to collect the tribal stories. In order to write a history that satisfied some of the European-American conventions, he worked to find ways to identify dates in the Ojibwe oral histories. His work is accurate according to historians. He was one of the first to recognize the value of oral tradition as a source for history. The Minnesota Democrat newspaper published several installments of <mask>'s A Brief History of the Ojibwas after he was encouraged by the reception of his work. He used his American education to tell the stories of the Ojibwe people.He always credited his sources when he recounted their wars, political leaders and history. For a young man, most of his informants were men. He thought the culture needed to be conveyed by its own people. <mask> served in the Minnesota Territorial House of Representatives after being elected as a legislator from the Minnesota Territory. He was one of seven members of the House who resigned in protest over the reapportionment plan. He lost to James Beatty in the re- election. The House denied his challenge because he said many of the votes cast for Beatty were illegal.Henry Rice was elected to the United States Senate after becoming a politician. He ran for governor of Minnesota in 1865. <mask> was married to Mathilda Aitken on August 10, 1843. She was christened September 13, 1835 at La Pointe. She was the daughter of an Ojibwe woman and a European-American fur trader. Alfred A. was one of the <mask> children. After the death of <mask>, his widow Mathilda later married Louis Fontaine.When communal lands were divided among the households of members of the tribe, she was allotted land on the White Earth Reservation as "Mathilda Fontaine." October 19, 1902 is when Mathilda Fontaine died. After his death, the Minnesota Historical Society published <mask>'s History of the Ojibway People, Based Upon Traditions and Oral Statements. His work is considered influential in the field because he was the first European-style historian of the Ojibwe people. Theresa Schenk, a historian, provided context for his work in a version annotated and edited in 2009. There are links to births and deaths of Ojibwe people, as well as links to writers from Minnesota and Wisconsin.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20O%27Neill%20%28baseball%29

Paul O'Neill (baseball)

Paul Andrew O'Neill (born February 25, 1963) is an American former baseball right fielder who played 17 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB). He played for the Cincinnati Reds (1985–1992) and New York Yankees (1993–2001). O'Neill compiled 281 home runs, 1,269 runs batted in, 2,107 hits, and a lifetime batting average of .288. He won the American League batting title in 1994 with a .359 average. He was a five-time World Series champion and a five-time All-Star (1991, 1994, 1995, 1997, and 1998). O'Neill is the only player to have played on the winning team in three perfect games. He was in right field for the Reds for Tom Browning's perfect game in 1988. He caught the final out (a fly ball) in the Yankees' David Wells' perfect game in 1998, and he made a diving catch in right field and doubled to help the Yankees win David Cone's perfect game in 1999. After retiring from playing baseball, O'Neill became a broadcaster for the Yankees on the YES Network. He currently works on the network as the lead game analyst and color commentator. Early life A native of Columbus, Ohio, O'Neill and his family were fans of the Cincinnati Reds. His older sister was Molly O'Neill (1952-2019), a chef, cookbook author, and food writer for The New York Times. O'Neill attended Brookhaven High School. He played baseball and basketball. In basketball, O'Neill earned all-state honors in his senior year 1981 and Central District Player of the Year. Playing career Draft O'Neill was drafted by the Reds in the fourth round of the 1981 Major League Baseball draft. Cincinnati Reds (1985–1992) O'Neill made his major-league debut on September 3, 1985, and singled in his first at-bat. For the rest of the 1985 season, O'Neill played in five games with four hits and one RBI. He spent most of the 1986 season in the minors. He played only in three games with the Major League team during 1986 and did not get a hit in the majors that year. O'Neill split his time between the minors and the Major League team in 1987. He appeared in 84 games for the Reds that year, batting .256 with seven home runs and 28 RBI. In 1988, his first full season with the Reds, O'Neill played 145 games, batting .252 with 16 home runs and 73 RBI. O'Neill played 117 games in 1989 batting .276 with 15 home runs and 74 RBI. In 1990, O'Neill played in 145 games batting .270 with 16 home runs and 78 RBI. O'Neill batted .277 during the 1990 postseason with a home run and 5 RBI as the Reds won the World Series over the Oakland Athletics. O'Neill clashed with Reds manager Lou Piniella, who wanted O'Neill to change his swing to hit more home runs. In response to the clash, O'Neill improved greatly in 1991 by playing 152 games with a career high of 28 home runs. He batted .256 with 91 RBI as well. In his final season as a member of the Reds, O'Neill played in 148 games batting .246 with 14 home runs and 66 RBI. New York Yankees (1993–2001) On November 3, 1992, the Reds traded O'Neill to the Yankees for Roberto Kelly. In his first season as a Yankee, O'Neill played 141 games batting .311 with 20 home runs and 75 RBIs. During the strike-shortened 1994 season, O'Neill played 103 games with a .359 batting average, 21 home runs, and 83 RBIs which led him to be selected to his second All-Star game. O'Neill won the batting title, and the Yankees led the East division by six and a half games when the players' strike ended the season. He signed a four-year, $19 million contract. In 1995, O'Neill played in 127 games batting .300 with 22 home runs, 96 RBIs, and an MLB-leading 25 double plays committed. He led the Yankees to the postseason for the first time since 1981, but they lost to the Seattle Mariners in the division series despite winning the first 2 games. On April 30, 1996, O'Neill hit a long home run to Eutaw Street off of Arthur Rhodes while playing at Oriole Park at Camden Yards. O'Neill famously was his own toughest critic, seemingly never satisfied with his own performance and known for his emotion on the field; when disappointed with his performance or angry with an umpire's decision he would attack water coolers or toss bats on the field. His tirades were both praised and criticized by the media and fans. O'Neill was involved in a brawl with Seattle catcher John Marzano. O'Neill had complained to the umpire that the previous pitch was high and inside. Marzano then hit the much bigger Paul O'Neill with a haymaker. The two grappled, and the benches cleared. During the 1996 season, O'Neill played in 150 games batting .302, 19 home runs, 91 RBIs, and a career-high 102 walks. He ended Game 5 of the 1996 World Series by robbing former Yankee teammate Luis Polonia of the Atlanta Braves of an extra-base hit, preserving a 1–0 victory for the Yankees. The Yankees would then win the series, which was their first World Series championship since 1978. In 1997, O'Neill played in 149 games batting .324 with 21 home runs and 117 RBIs. He led the Yankees into the postseason again, batting .421 with two home runs and seven RBIs but lost the division series to the Cleveland Indians. In 1998, O'Neill played in 152 games batting .317 with 24 home runs and 116 RBIs. He led the AL by grounding into 22 double plays. O'Neill led the Yankees into the World Series where they won against the San Diego Padres in a 4-game sweep and helped the team win a record 125 games. In 1999, O'Neill played in 153 games batting .285 with 19 home runs and 110 RBIs. O'Neill played Game 4 of the 1999 World Series just hours after his father died. The Yankees eventually won the game and swept the Braves to win their 25th World Series Championship. In 2000, O'Neill played in 142 games batting .283 with 18 home runs and 100 RBIs. He led the Yankees into the postseason again, who won the World Series over the New York Mets. In 2001, O'Neill played in 137 games batting .267 with 21 home runs and 70 RBIs. In Game 5 of the 2001 World Series, O'Neill received a sendoff from New York fans. While standing in right field in the 9th inning with the Yankees down 2–0, the entire stadium chanted his name. When the inning ended, O'Neill was still being cheered. With tears in his eyes, he tipped his cap, and another roar went up from the crowd at Yankee Stadium. The Yankees won the game 3–2, but lost the series 4 games to 3. Legacy O'Neill is fondly remembered by Yankee fans as the "heart and soul" of the team's dynasty in the 1990s. Yankee owner George Steinbrenner also labeled him as a "Warrior." He was given this nickname due to his passion and love for the game. Since his retirement after the 2001 World Series, his number 21 has only been worn once, when relief pitcher LaTroy Hawkins briefly wore the number to start the 2008 season but, on April 16, 2008, Hawkins switched to number 22 in response to the criticism he received by many Yankee fans, all the more suggesting that number 21 may one day be retired for O'Neill. On February 22, 2022, the Yankees announced that O'Neill's number 21 would be retired on August 21, 2022, at Yankee Stadium. The Yankees honored O'Neill with a plaque in Monument Park on August 9, 2014. Television In 1995, while still a player for the Yankees, O'Neill had a cameo role on the NBC sitcom Seinfeld. In the episode "The Wink", Cosmo Kramer approaches O'Neill in the Yankees' locker room and says that he must hit two home runs in the next game to fulfill the wish of a sick little boy. In the ensuing game, which is entirely offscreen, O'Neill hits one home run and achieves an inside-the-park home run which is scored a triple due to the other team's error. Though "The Wink" was the fourth episode broadcast during Seinfelds seventh season, O'Neill's scene was the first scene filmed for that season. He is also mentioned in the Friends episode "The One with Rachel's Big Kiss". Broadcasting career (2002–present) Starting after his retirement from baseball in 2001, O'Neill serves as an analyst on the New York Yankees Pre-Game Show and the New York Yankees Post-Game Show, as well as a color commentator for the YES Network. O'Neill returned to Ohio to live with his family. On July 7, 2009, O'Neill was inducted into the Irish-American Baseball Hall of Fame (18 W. 33rd St. inside Foley's NY Pub & Restaurant) in New York City along with longtime Los Angeles Dodgers owner Walter O'Malley, broadcaster Vin Scully, former player Steve Garvey, umpire Jim Joyce, and blind sports reporter Ed Lucas. Since the 2020 season, due to social distancing requirements related to the COVID-19 pandemic, O'Neill has participated in Yankees broadcasts remotely from a basement studio nicknamed "Studio 21" in his Ohio home. Personal life O'Neill and his wife, Nevalee, were neighbors in Columbus. They have three children, and live in Montgomery, Ohio. His nephew, Michael, also played baseball in the Yankees organization. After retiring from his playing career, O'Neill authored a book entitled Me and My Dad: A Baseball Memoir. The book discusses his relationship with his father, who instilled in him a love for the game of baseball. At a press conference in Jupiter, Florida in March 2016, O'Neill endorsed Donald Trump for president. See also List of Major League Baseball career home run leaders List of Major League Baseball career hits leaders List of Major League Baseball career doubles leaders List of Major League Baseball career runs scored leaders List of Major League Baseball career runs batted in leaders List of Major League Baseball batting champions References External links Official website 1963 births Living people National League All-Stars American League All-Stars Cincinnati Reds players Baseball players from Columbus, Ohio Baseball players from Cincinnati Otterbein University alumni Major League Baseball right fielders New York Yankees announcers New York Yankees players Major League Baseball broadcasters American League batting champions YES Network Billings Mustangs players Cedar Rapids Reds players Tampa Tarpons (1957–1987) players Waterbury Reds players Vermont Reds players Denver Zephyrs players Nashville Sounds players Bridgeport Bluefish guest managers

<mask>'Neill (born February 25, 1963) is an American former baseball right fielder who played 17 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB). He played for the Cincinnati Reds (1985–1992) and New York Yankees (1993–2001). O'Neill compiled 281 home runs, 1,269 runs batted in, 2,107 hits, and a lifetime batting average of .288. He won the American League batting title in 1994 with a .359 average. He was a five-time World Series champion and a five-time All-Star (1991, 1994, 1995, 1997, and 1998). O'Neill is the only player to have played on the winning team in three perfect games. He was in right field for the Reds for Tom Browning's perfect game in 1988.He caught the final out (a fly ball) in the Yankees' David Wells' perfect game in 1998, and he made a diving catch in right field and doubled to help the Yankees win David Cone's perfect game in 1999. After retiring from playing baseball, O'Neill became a broadcaster for the Yankees on the YES Network. He currently works on the network as the lead game analyst and color commentator. Early life A native of Columbus, Ohio, O'Neill and his family were fans of the Cincinnati Reds. His older sister was Molly O'Neill (1952-2019), a chef, cookbook author, and food writer for The New York Times. O'Neill attended Brookhaven High School. He played baseball and basketball.In basketball, O'Neill earned all-state honors in his senior year 1981 and Central District Player of the Year. Playing career Draft O'Neill was drafted by the Reds in the fourth round of the 1981 Major League Baseball draft. Cincinnati Reds (1985–1992) O'Neill made his major-league debut on September 3, 1985, and singled in his first at-bat. For the rest of the 1985 season, O'Neill played in five games with four hits and one RBI. He spent most of the 1986 season in the minors. He played only in three games with the Major League team during 1986 and did not get a hit in the majors that year. O'Neill split his time between the minors and the Major League team in 1987.He appeared in 84 games for the Reds that year, batting .256 with seven home runs and 28 RBI. In 1988, his first full season with the Reds, O'Neill played 145 games, batting .252 with 16 home runs and 73 RBI. O'Neill played 117 games in 1989 batting .276 with 15 home runs and 74 RBI. In 1990, O'Neill played in 145 games batting .270 with 16 home runs and 78 RBI. O'Neill batted .277 during the 1990 postseason with a home run and 5 RBI as the Reds won the World Series over the Oakland Athletics. O'Neill clashed with Reds manager Lou Piniella, who wanted O'Neill to change his swing to hit more home runs. In response to the clash, O'Neill improved greatly in 1991 by playing 152 games with a career high of 28 home runs.He batted .256 with 91 RBI as well. In his final season as a member of the Reds, O'Neill played in 148 games batting .246 with 14 home runs and 66 RBI. New York Yankees (1993–2001) On November 3, 1992, the Reds traded O'Neill to the Yankees for Roberto Kelly. In his first season as a Yankee, O'Neill played 141 games batting .311 with 20 home runs and 75 RBIs. During the strike-shortened 1994 season, O'Neill played 103 games with a .359 batting average, 21 home runs, and 83 RBIs which led him to be selected to his second All-Star game. O'Neill won the batting title, and the Yankees led the East division by six and a half games when the players' strike ended the season. He signed a four-year, $19 million contract.In 1995, O'Neill played in 127 games batting .300 with 22 home runs, 96 RBIs, and an MLB-leading 25 double plays committed. He led the Yankees to the postseason for the first time since 1981, but they lost to the Seattle Mariners in the division series despite winning the first 2 games. On April 30, 1996, O'Neill hit a long home run to Eutaw Street off of Arthur Rhodes while playing at Oriole Park at Camden Yards. O'Neill famously was his own toughest critic, seemingly never satisfied with his own performance and known for his emotion on the field; when disappointed with his performance or angry with an umpire's decision he would attack water coolers or toss bats on the field. His tirades were both praised and criticized by the media and fans. O'Neill was involved in a brawl with Seattle catcher John Marzano. O'Neill had complained to the umpire that the previous pitch was high and inside.Marzano then hit the much bigger <mask>'Neill with a haymaker. The two grappled, and the benches cleared. During the 1996 season, O'Neill played in 150 games batting .302, 19 home runs, 91 RBIs, and a career-high 102 walks. He ended Game 5 of the 1996 World Series by robbing former Yankee teammate Luis Polonia of the Atlanta Braves of an extra-base hit, preserving a 1–0 victory for the Yankees. The Yankees would then win the series, which was their first World Series championship since 1978. In 1997, O'Neill played in 149 games batting .324 with 21 home runs and 117 RBIs. He led the Yankees into the postseason again, batting .421 with two home runs and seven RBIs but lost the division series to the Cleveland Indians.In 1998, O'Neill played in 152 games batting .317 with 24 home runs and 116 RBIs. He led the AL by grounding into 22 double plays. O'Neill led the Yankees into the World Series where they won against the San Diego Padres in a 4-game sweep and helped the team win a record 125 games. In 1999, O'Neill played in 153 games batting .285 with 19 home runs and 110 RBIs. O'Neill played Game 4 of the 1999 World Series just hours after his father died. The Yankees eventually won the game and swept the Braves to win their 25th World Series Championship. In 2000, O'Neill played in 142 games batting .283 with 18 home runs and 100 RBIs.He led the Yankees into the postseason again, who won the World Series over the New York Mets. In 2001, O'Neill played in 137 games batting .267 with 21 home runs and 70 RBIs. In Game 5 of the 2001 World Series, O'Neill received a sendoff from New York fans. While standing in right field in the 9th inning with the Yankees down 2–0, the entire stadium chanted his name. When the inning ended, O'Neill was still being cheered. With tears in his eyes, he tipped his cap, and another roar went up from the crowd at Yankee Stadium. The Yankees won the game 3–2, but lost the series 4 games to 3.Legacy O'Neill is fondly remembered by Yankee fans as the "heart and soul" of the team's dynasty in the 1990s. Yankee owner George Steinbrenner also labeled him as a "Warrior." He was given this nickname due to his passion and love for the game. Since his retirement after the 2001 World Series, his number 21 has only been worn once, when relief pitcher LaTroy Hawkins briefly wore the number to start the 2008 season but, on April 16, 2008, Hawkins switched to number 22 in response to the criticism he received by many Yankee fans, all the more suggesting that number 21 may one day be retired for O'Neill. On February 22, 2022, the Yankees announced that O'Neill's number 21 would be retired on August 21, 2022, at Yankee Stadium. The Yankees honored O'Neill with a plaque in Monument Park on August 9, 2014. Television In 1995, while still a player for the Yankees, O'Neill had a cameo role on the NBC sitcom Seinfeld.In the episode "The Wink", Cosmo Kramer approaches O'Neill in the Yankees' locker room and says that he must hit two home runs in the next game to fulfill the wish of a sick little boy. In the ensuing game, which is entirely offscreen, O'Neill hits one home run and achieves an inside-the-park home run which is scored a triple due to the other team's error. Though "The Wink" was the fourth episode broadcast during Seinfelds seventh season, O'Neill's scene was the first scene filmed for that season. He is also mentioned in the Friends episode "The One with Rachel's Big Kiss". Broadcasting career (2002–present) Starting after his retirement from baseball in 2001, O'Neill serves as an analyst on the New York Yankees Pre-Game Show and the New York Yankees Post-Game Show, as well as a color commentator for the YES Network. O'Neill returned to Ohio to live with his family. On July 7, 2009, O'Neill was inducted into the Irish-American Baseball Hall of Fame (18 W. 33rd St. inside Foley's NY Pub & Restaurant) in New York City along with longtime Los Angeles Dodgers owner Walter O'Malley, broadcaster Vin Scully, former player Steve Garvey, umpire Jim Joyce, and blind sports reporter Ed Lucas.Since the 2020 season, due to social distancing requirements related to the COVID-19 pandemic, O'Neill has participated in Yankees broadcasts remotely from a basement studio nicknamed "Studio 21" in his Ohio home. Personal life O'Neill and his wife, Nevalee, were neighbors in Columbus. They have three children, and live in Montgomery, Ohio. His nephew, Michael, also played baseball in the Yankees organization. After retiring from his playing career, O'Neill authored a book entitled Me and My Dad: A Baseball Memoir. The book discusses his relationship with his father, who instilled in him a love for the game of baseball. At a press conference in Jupiter, Florida in March 2016, O'Neill endorsed Donald Trump for president.See also List of Major League Baseball career home run leaders List of Major League Baseball career hits leaders List of Major League Baseball career doubles leaders List of Major League Baseball career runs scored leaders List of Major League Baseball career runs batted in leaders List of Major League Baseball batting champions References External links Official website 1963 births Living people National League All-Stars American League All-Stars Cincinnati Reds players Baseball players from Columbus, Ohio Baseball players from Cincinnati Otterbein University alumni Major League Baseball right fielders New York Yankees announcers New York Yankees players Major League Baseball broadcasters American League batting champions YES Network Billings Mustangs players Cedar Rapids Reds players Tampa Tarpons (1957–1987) players Waterbury Reds players Vermont Reds players Denver Zephyrs players Nashville Sounds players Bridgeport Bluefish guest managers

A former baseball right fielder who played 17 seasons in the MLB, <mask>'Neill was born on February 25, 1963. He played for the Cincinnati Reds and New York Yankees. O'Neill had a lifetime batting average of.288 with 281 home runs, 1,269 runs batted in, and 2,107 hits. He won the American League batting title in 1994 with a.358 average. He was a five-time All-Star and a five-time World Series champion. Only one player on the winning team has played in three perfect games. He was in right field for Tom Browning's perfect game.He caught the final out of the Yankees' David Wells' perfect game in 1998, and he made a diving catch in right field to help the Yankees win David Cone's perfect game in 1999. After retiring from playing baseball, O'Neill became a commentator for the Yankees on the YES Network. He is the lead game analyst and color commentator on the network. O'Neill and his family were fans of the Cincinnati Reds. His older sister was a food writer for The New York Times. O'Neill was a student at the high school. He played sports.In 1981 he was named the Central District Player of the Year and earned all-state honors. O'Neill was drafted by the Reds in the fourth round of the 1981 Major League Baseball draft. O'Neill made his major-league debut on September 3, 1985 and hit a single in his first at-bat. O'Neill played in five games for the rest of the 1985 season, with four hits and one run. He spent most of the 1986 season in the minor league. He played in three games for the Major League team in 1986 but did not get a hit. In 1987 he split his time between the Major League team and the Minor League team.He hit seven home runs in 84 games for the Reds that year. In his first full season with the Reds, O'Neill played 146 games, batting.252 with 16 home runs and 73RBI. O'Neill played over 100 games in 1989 and had a batting average of.270 with 15 home runs. O'Neill played in over 100 games in 1990, batting.270 with 16 home runs and 78 runs. The Reds won the World Series over the Oakland A's in 1990 with O'Neill batting.279 with a home run and 5 runs scored. Lou Piniella wanted O'Neill to change his swing so he could hit more home runs. In response to the clash, O'Neill played a career high 152 games with a career high of 28 home runs.He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 In his final season as a member of the Reds, O'Neill played in 148 games, batting.246 with 14 home runs and 66 runs scored. Roberto Kelly was traded to the Yankees from the Reds. O'Neill played 141 games in his first season with the Yankees, batting.300 with 20 home runs and 75 RBIs. The strike-shortened 1994 season resulted in O'Neill being selected to his second All-Star game, as he played 103 games with a.358 batting average, 21 home runs, and 83 runs scored. The Yankees led the East division by six and a half games when the players' strike ended. He signed a four-year contract.O'Neill played in 127 games in 1995 with a.300 batting average and 22 home runs. He led the Yankees to the playoffs for the first time in 33 years, but they lost in the division series despite winning the first two games. On April 30, 1996, O'Neill hit a long home run to Eutaw Street off of Arthur Rhodes, while playing at Oriole Park at Camden Yards. When disappointed with his performance or angry with an umpire's decision he would attack water coolers or toss bats on the field, he was his own toughest critic, seemingly never satisfied with his own performance and known for his emotion on the field. His rants were praised by the media. There was a fight with Seattle catcher John Marzano. The previous pitch was high and inside.Marzano hit the big man with a haymaker. The benches were cleared after the two grappled. In the 1996 season, O'Neill played in 150 games, batting.302, 19 home runs, 91 RBIs, and a career-high 102 walks. He robbed Luis Polonia of an extra-base hit at the end of the 1996 World Series, preserving a 1–0 victory for the Yankees. The Yankees had not won a World Series title since 1978. O'Neill played in 149 games in 1997 and had a batting average of.324 with 21 home runs. He led the Yankees into the playoffs again, batting.421 with two home runs and seven RBIs, but lost to the Indians in the division series.O'Neill played in over 150 games in 1998 and hit 24 home runs. He grounded into 22 double plays. The New York Yankees won the World Series against the San Diego Padres in a four-game sweep, their 125th win of the season. O'Neill played in over 150 games in 1999 and was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217. Game 4 of the World Series was played just hours after his father's death. The Yankees swept the Braves to win their 25th World Series Championship. O'Neill played in 142 games in 2000, batting.283 with 18 home runs and 100 RBIs.The Yankees won the World Series over the Mets. O'Neill played 137 games in 2001 and hit 21 home runs. In Game 5 of the 2001 World Series, New York fans gave O'Neill a sendoff. The Yankees were down 2–0 in the 9th when he stood in right field. O'Neill was still being cheered when the game ended. A roar went up from the crowd at Yankee Stadium when he tipped his cap with tears in his eyes. The Yankees won the game, but lost the series.Yankee fans remember Legacy O'Neill as the "heart and soul" of the team's dynasty in the 1990s. George Steinbrenner called him a "Warrior." He was given this nickname because of his love for the game. Since his retirement after the 2001 World Series, his number 21 has only been worn once, when relief pitcher LaTroy Hawkins briefly wore the number to start the 2008 season but, on April 16, 2008, he switched to number 22 in response to the criticism he received by many Yankee fans. The Yankees announced on February 22, 2022, that O'Neill's number 21 would be retired on August 21, 2022, at Yankee Stadium. The Yankees had a plaque in Monument Park. In 1995, while still a player for the Yankees, O'Neill had a small part in a sitcom.In the episode "The Wink", a sick little boy's wish is fulfilled when a Yankees player hits two home runs in the next game. In the next game, which is1-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-6556 The first scene was filmed for the seventh season of "Seinfeld", and it was the fourth episode. In the Friends episode "The One with Rachel's Big Kiss", he is mentioned. After retiring from baseball in 2001, O'Neill worked as a color commentator for the YES Network and as an analyst on the New York Yankees Pre-game Show. He returned to Ohio to live with his family. The Irish-American Baseball Hall of Fame was inaugurated in New York City on July 7, 2009.Since the 2020 season, O'Neill has participated in Yankees broadcasts remotely from a basement studio in his Ohio home. O'Neill and his wife were neighbors in Columbus. They have three children and live in Ohio. Michael played baseball for the Yankees. The book Me and My Dad: A Baseball Memoir was written by O'Neill after he retired. His relationship with his father was discussed in the book. At a press conference in Jupiter, Florida in March of 2016 O'Neill endorsed Donald Trump.List of Major League Baseball career hits leaders List of Major League Baseball career doubles leaders List of Major League Baseball career runs scored leaders

19556672

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20S.%20Clark

John S. Clark

John S. Clark (21 March 1885 – 1 June 1956) was a Scottish-born Australian entomologist and myrmecologist known for his study of Australian ants. Born in Glasgow, he developed an interest in entomology at a young age. Clark first arrived in Australia in 1905 and originally worked for the state railways in Queensland. He developed an interest in ants shortly afterwards, collecting his first specimens in North Queensland. He married his first wife, Maggie Forbes in 1908, bearing four children, until her death in 1935. He married his second wife, Phyllis Marjorie Claringbulls in 1939 and had two daughters with her until she committed suicide in 1943. As a result, Clark sent his daughters to an orphanage. In 1919, Clark worked as the assistant to the entomologist on probation in the Western Australian Department of Agriculture, but in 1920, he took on this position full-time. He started to publish his first articles about pest insects and ants from 1921; in 1926 he became an entomologist at the National Museum in Melbourne, remaining there for 20 years. Clark continued to publish more articles until he resigned from the National Museum of Victoria in 1944. Living in poverty, Clark lived a reclusive life, publishing his last book in 1951. He died on 1 June 1956 at the age of 71, survived by his six children. One of Clark's most notable achievements was describing Nothomyrmecia macrops, the most primitive living ant. Several ants have been named after him in recognition of his contributions. Biography Early life John S. Clark was born on 21 March 1885 in Glasgow, Scotland, to parents James Souttar Clark, a coach-painter, and Maggie Clark (née Scott). At an early age, Clark had an interest in entomology throughout his years in Glasgow and adult life in Australia. Clark migrated to Australia in 1905 with little formal education but found himself working for the state railways in Queensland. There, he found an interest in ants and made his first collection of specimens in North Queensland. In May 1908, Clark married his first wife, Maggie Forbes, at the Cairns Presbyterian Church. After their marriage, they moved to Geraldton in Western Australia, where Clark worked for the railways as a wheelwright. He had one son and three daughters with Forbes; Forbes later died from heart disease in 1935. Career Australian entomologist Leslie John William Newman of the Western Australian Department of Agriculture noticed Clark's enthusiasm for natural history, and on probation, took Clark in as the assistant to the entomologist in 1919. In 1920, Clark's position in the Department of Agriculture was confirmed; due to this, Clark and his family moved to Perth. He began publishing his first papers discussing the history of entomology in Western Australia in 1921, and also basic articles about ants, insect pests in Australian forests and myrmecophilous beetles. Three years after his articles were first published, Clark was promoted to assistant-entomologist. Scientists attending the 1926 Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science suggested that Clark should apply for a position as "entomologist" at the National Museum of Victoria, in which he was appointed in late 1926 and began working there in 1927. After working for the museum, he found museum work "not to his liking" and tried to apply for the post of "economic entomologist" in New Guinea, which at the time was an Australian administered-territory. However, this was unsuccessful for Clark, who remained at the National Museum of Victoria for nearly 20 years. In 1933, Clark sold 8,000 ant specimens he collected to the museum for about £200. Following the death of his first wife in 1935, Clark moved from Hawthorn to Ferntree Gully in Melbourne. A couple of years later in 1939, he married his second wife, Phyllis Marjorie Claringbull, at the Office of the Government Statist, bearing two more daughters. Claringbull committed suicide in 1943, three months after she gave birth to her second daughter; Clark later sent them to an orphanage as he was unable to look after them. Clark's intemperate attitude to his peers and superiors and lack of qualifications bedevilled his career, although he was welcoming to amateurs. In 1944, Clark resigned from the National Museum of Victoria after Australian botanist Richard Pescott became the director of the museum. As a result, he moved to Mooroolbark and lived in poverty, losing all of his entitlements. Due to his reputable view as an authority on ants, Clark worked on a monograph of ants in Australia, supported by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation through grants. His first volume was published in 1951, which covered the Australian bulldog ants (subfamily Myrmeciinae). However, the first volume received poor reviews, and no further volume was released. In fact, it is unknown whether or not any further volume will be released. Research Aside from some papers published discussing myrmecophilous beetles and insect pests in forests, Clark predominately researched and published articles about the taxonomy of Australian ants. All of his articles and monographs were published in Australia. Throughout his career, Clark described around 200 different species of ants, but half of these may be synonyms. He worked and researched with all of the main groups of Australian ants, but his research and revisionary efforts were extensive with members of the former subfamily Cerapachyinae (now Dorylinae), especially those of Phyracaces, the Myrmeciinae, Rhytidoponera and members of the tribe Dolichoderini. Clark is most notable for describing the dinosaur ant (Nothomyrmecia macrops), which is the most primitive living ant in the world and second most primitive when the fossil record is included. The first collection of Nothomyrmecia was made in December 1931 by Amy Crocker who collected specimens of two worker ants, reportedly near the Russell Range from Israelite Bay in Western Australia. Crocker sent the two specimens to Clark at the museum for study; in 1934, Clark published a formal description of Nothomyrmecia as a completely new genus of the Myrmeciinae. He did so because the two specimens (which then became the syntypes) bore no resemblance to any ant species he knew of, although they did share similar morphological characteristics with the extinct genus Prionomyrmex. This unusual ant remained unknown to scientists, causing intense scientific interest in the early 1950s. Over three decades, however, teams of Australian and American collectors failed to re-find it after they initiated a series of searches. Then, in 1977, entomologist Robert Taylor and his party of entomologists from Canberra found a solitary worker ant at Poochera, southeast of Ceduna, some from the reported site of the 1931 discovery. After 46 years of searching for it, entomologists have dubbed the ant the "Holy Grail" of myrmecology. Such discovery of Nothomyrmecia and its general nature marks it as one of Clark's most notable achievements. Death and recognition Clark died at his Mooroolbark home on 1 June 1956, at the age of 71. American entomologist William Brown Jr. notes that Clark was living the life of a "recluse" during his declining years. Survived by six children, Clark was buried in Burwood Cemetery. At the time of his death, the majority of his ant collection were housed in the National Museum of Victoria, the Natural History Museum in London and the Museum of Comparative Zoology in Cambridge. One of Clark's daughters, Ellen Clark, was a renowned naturalist. She had worked with her father at the museum in 1940 and was the secretary of the virus department of the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research. As well as that, she worked for the Argus and Australasian and published papers on influenza virus research and crustaceans. A number of ants have been named after Clark. The holotype of Polyrhachis clarki was originally collected by Clark, but it was not described until 2013. There, the author of the article named the ant after him. Leptogenys clarki is another ant named after Clark for his contributions towards Australian ants, being described by American entomologist William Morton Wheeler in 1933. Ants he collected that bear his name include Dolichoderus clarki, Plagiolepis clarki and Stigmacros clarki. Published works Over the course of his career, Clark published over 35 entomological papers. The following publications are found at the Hymenoptera Online Database: Books Journals Notes References External links John S. Clark at the AntWiki – Bringing Ants to the World 1885 births 1956 deaths Scientists from Glasgow Australian entomologists Scottish entomologists Myrmecologists Scottish emigrants to Australia 20th-century Australian zoologists

<mask><mask> (21 March 1885 – 1 June 1956) was a Scottish-born Australian entomologist and myrmecologist known for his study of Australian ants. Born in Glasgow, he developed an interest in entomology at a young age. <mask> first arrived in Australia in 1905 and originally worked for the state railways in Queensland. He developed an interest in ants shortly afterwards, collecting his first specimens in North Queensland. He married his first wife, Maggie Forbes in 1908, bearing four children, until her death in 1935. He married his second wife, Phyllis Marjorie Claringbulls in 1939 and had two daughters with her until she committed suicide in 1943. As a result, <mask> sent his daughters to an orphanage.In 1919, <mask> worked as the assistant to the entomologist on probation in the Western Australian Department of Agriculture, but in 1920, he took on this position full-time. He started to publish his first articles about pest insects and ants from 1921; in 1926 he became an entomologist at the National Museum in Melbourne, remaining there for 20 years. <mask> continued to publish more articles until he resigned from the National Museum of Victoria in 1944. Living in poverty, <mask> lived a reclusive life, publishing his last book in 1951. He died on 1 June 1956 at the age of 71, survived by his six children. One of <mask>'s most notable achievements was describing Nothomyrmecia macrops, the most primitive living ant. Several ants have been named after him in recognition of his contributions.Biography Early life <mask><mask> was born on 21 March 1885 in Glasgow, Scotland, to parents <mask> <mask>, a coach-painter, and <mask> (née <mask>). At an early age, <mask> had an interest in entomology throughout his years in Glasgow and adult life in Australia. <mask> migrated to Australia in 1905 with little formal education but found himself working for the state railways in Queensland. There, he found an interest in ants and made his first collection of specimens in North Queensland. In May 1908, <mask> married his first wife, Maggie Forbes, at the Cairns Presbyterian Church. After their marriage, they moved to Geraldton in Western Australia, where <mask> worked for the railways as a wheelwright. He had one son and three daughters with Forbes; Forbes later died from heart disease in 1935.Career Australian entomologist <mask> William Newman of the Western Australian Department of Agriculture noticed <mask>'s enthusiasm for natural history, and on probation, took <mask> in as the assistant to the entomologist in 1919. In 1920, <mask>'s position in the Department of Agriculture was confirmed; due to this, <mask> and his family moved to Perth. He began publishing his first papers discussing the history of entomology in Western Australia in 1921, and also basic articles about ants, insect pests in Australian forests and myrmecophilous beetles. Three years after his articles were first published, <mask> was promoted to assistant-entomologist. Scientists attending the 1926 Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science suggested that <mask> should apply for a position as "entomologist" at the National Museum of Victoria, in which he was appointed in late 1926 and began working there in 1927. After working for the museum, he found museum work "not to his liking" and tried to apply for the post of "economic entomologist" in New Guinea, which at the time was an Australian administered-territory. However, this was unsuccessful for <mask>, who remained at the National Museum of Victoria for nearly 20 years.In 1933, <mask> sold 8,000 ant specimens he collected to the museum for about £200. Following the death of his first wife in 1935, <mask> moved from Hawthorn to Ferntree Gully in Melbourne. A couple of years later in 1939, he married his second wife, Phyllis Marjorie Claringbull, at the Office of the Government Statist, bearing two more daughters. Claringbull committed suicide in 1943, three months after she gave birth to her second daughter; <mask> later sent them to an orphanage as he was unable to look after them. <mask>'s intemperate attitude to his peers and superiors and lack of qualifications bedevilled his career, although he was welcoming to amateurs. In 1944, <mask> resigned from the National Museum of Victoria after Australian botanist Richard Pescott became the director of the museum. As a result, he moved to Mooroolbark and lived in poverty, losing all of his entitlements.Due to his reputable view as an authority on ants, <mask> worked on a monograph of ants in Australia, supported by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation through grants. His first volume was published in 1951, which covered the Australian bulldog ants (subfamily Myrmeciinae). However, the first volume received poor reviews, and no further volume was released. In fact, it is unknown whether or not any further volume will be released. Research Aside from some papers published discussing myrmecophilous beetles and insect pests in forests, <mask> predominately researched and published articles about the taxonomy of Australian ants. All of his articles and monographs were published in Australia. Throughout his career, <mask> described around 200 different species of ants, but half of these may be synonyms.He worked and researched with all of the main groups of Australian ants, but his research and revisionary efforts were extensive with members of the former subfamily Cerapachyinae (now Dorylinae), especially those of Phyracaces, the Myrmeciinae, Rhytidoponera and members of the tribe Dolichoderini. <mask> is most notable for describing the dinosaur ant (Nothomyrmecia macrops), which is the most primitive living ant in the world and second most primitive when the fossil record is included. The first collection of Nothomyrmecia was made in December 1931 by Amy Crocker who collected specimens of two worker ants, reportedly near the Russell Range from Israelite Bay in Western Australia. Crocker sent the two specimens to <mask> at the museum for study; in 1934, <mask> published a formal description of Nothomyrmecia as a completely new genus of the Myrmeciinae. He did so because the two specimens (which then became the syntypes) bore no resemblance to any ant species he knew of, although they did share similar morphological characteristics with the extinct genus Prionomyrmex. This unusual ant remained unknown to scientists, causing intense scientific interest in the early 1950s. Over three decades, however, teams of Australian and American collectors failed to re-find it after they initiated a series of searches.Then, in 1977, entomologist Robert Taylor and his party of entomologists from Canberra found a solitary worker ant at Poochera, southeast of Ceduna, some from the reported site of the 1931 discovery. After 46 years of searching for it, entomologists have dubbed the ant the "Holy Grail" of myrmecology. Such discovery of Nothomyrmecia and its general nature marks it as one of <mask>'s most notable achievements. Death and recognition <mask> died at his Mooroolbark home on 1 June 1956, at the age of 71. American entomologist William Brown Jr. notes that <mask> was living the life of a "recluse" during his declining years. Survived by six children, <mask> was buried in Burwood Cemetery. At the time of his death, the majority of his ant collection were housed in the National Museum of Victoria, the Natural History Museum in London and the Museum of Comparative Zoology in Cambridge.One of <mask>'s daughters, <mask>, was a renowned naturalist. She had worked with her father at the museum in 1940 and was the secretary of the virus department of the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research. As well as that, she worked for the Argus and Australasian and published papers on influenza virus research and crustaceans. A number of ants have been named after <mask>. The holotype of Polyrhachis clarki was originally collected by <mask>, but it was not described until 2013. There, the author of the article named the ant after him. Leptogenys clarki is another ant named after <mask> for his contributions towards Australian ants, being described by American entomologist William Morton Wheeler in 1933.Ants he collected that bear his name include Dolichoderus clarki, Plagiolepis clarki and Stigmacros clarki. Published works Over the course of his career, <mask> published over 35 entomological papers. The following publications are found at the Hymenoptera Online Database: Books Journals Notes References External links <mask><mask> at the AntWiki – Bringing Ants to the World 1885 births 1956 deaths Scientists from Glasgow Australian entomologists Scottish entomologists Myrmecologists Scottish emigrants to Australia 20th-century Australian zoologists

<mask><mask> was an Australian entomologist who studied Australian ants. He was interested in entomology at a young age. <mask> first arrived in Australia in 1905 and worked for the state railways. He collected his first ants in North Qld. He had four children with his first wife, who died in 1935. He married his second wife in 1939 and had two daughters with her. <mask> sent his daughters to an orphanage.In 1919, <mask> was the assistant to the entomologist in the Western Australian Department of Agriculture, but in 1920, he became the full-time entomologist. He became an entomologist at the National Museum in Melbourne after publishing his first articles about pest insects and ants. <mask> resigned from the National Museum of Victoria in 1944. <mask> was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He died at the age of 71 and was survived by his six children. <mask> described the most primitive living ant, Nothomyrmecia macrops. Several ants have been named after him.<mask> <mask>, a coach-painter, and his wife,<mask>, were the parents of <mask><mask>. <mask> had an interest in entomology throughout his years in Glasgow and Australia. <mask> moved to Australia in 1905 with little formal education, but ended up working for the state railways. He made his first collection of ants in North Qld after finding an interest in them. <mask> married his first wife,Maggie Forbes, in May of 1908. They moved to Geraldton in Western Australia where <mask> worked for the railways. He had one son and three daughters with Forbes.<mask> became the assistant to the entomologist in 1919 after being noticed by the career Australian entomologist. <mask> and his family moved to Perth after his position in the Department of Agriculture was confirmed. In 1921, he began publishing his first papers about the history of entomology in Western Australia, as well as basic articles about ants, insect pests in Australian forests and myrmecophilous beetles. <mask> was promoted to assistant-entomologist three years after his first article was published. <mask> was appointed as an insectologist at the National Museum of Victoria in the late 19th century and began working there in 1927. After working for the museum, he found museum work not to his liking and tried to apply for the post of "economic entomologist" in New Guinea, which at the time was an Australian administered-territory. <mask> stayed at the National Museum of Victoria for over 20 years.In 1933, <mask> sold 8,000 ants to the museum for about $200. <mask> moved from Hawthorn to Ferntree Gully after his first wife died. He married his second wife, Marjorie Claringbull, at the Office of the Government Statist in 1939 and they had two more daughters. Claringbull committed suicide three months after giving birth to her second daughter, and <mask> sent them to an orphanage as he was unable to look after them. Although he was welcoming to amateurs, <mask>'s intemperate attitude to his peers and lack of qualifications bedevilled his career. After Richard Pescott became the director of the National Museum of Victoria, <mask> resigned. He lost all of his entitlements when he moved to Mooroolbark.The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation supported <mask>'s monograph of ants in Australia due to his reputation as an authority on ants. The Australian bulldog ants were covered in his first volume. The first volume received poor reviews and no further volumes were released. It is not known if any more volumes will be released. <mask> researched and published articles about the taxonomy of Australian ants, as well as discussing myrmecophilous beetles and insect pests in forests. His articles were published in Australia. Around 200 different species of ants were described by <mask>.His research and revisionary efforts were extensive with members of the former sub family of Australian ants, the Myrmeciinae, Rhytidopon. The dinosaur ant is the most primitive living ant in the world and the second most primitive when the fossil record is included. The first collection of Nothomyrmecia was made in December 1931 by Amy Crocker, who collected two worker ants near the Russell Range in Western Australia. <mask> published a formal description of Nothomyrmecia as a completely new genus of the Myrmeciinae after Crocker sent the two specimen to him. The two specimen that became the syntypes bore no resemblance to any ant species he knew of. Scientists were interested in this ant in the early 1950s. After starting a series of searches over three decades, teams of Australian and American collectors failed to find it.In 1977 Robert Taylor and his party of entomologists found a solitary worker ant southeast of Ceduna, some from the reported site of the 1931 discovery. Entomologists have been searching for the ant for 46 years. <mask>'s most notable achievement is the discovery of Nothomyrmecia. <mask> died at his home in Mooroolbark at the age of 71. <mask> was living a life ofcluse during his declining years according to William Brown Jr. <mask> was buried in Burwood Cemetery. The majority of his ant collection was located in the National Museum of Victoria, the Natural History Museum in London and the Museum of Comparative Zoology in Cambridge.<mask> was one of <mask>'s daughters. She worked with her father at the museum in the 1940s and was the secretary of the virus department at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research. She published papers on influenza virus research and crustaceans. <mask> has been named after a number of ants. The original collection of Polyrhachis clarki was collected by <mask>. The ant was named after the author. William Morton Wheeler described the ant named after <mask> in 1933.Dolichoderus clarki is one of the ants he collected. Over the course of his career, <mask> published over 35 entomological papers. The following publications can be found at the online database.

623653

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gus%20Edwards%20%28vaudeville%29

Gus Edwards (vaudeville)

Gustave Edwards (18 August 1878 – 7 November 1945) was an American songwriter and vaudevillian. He also organised his own theatre companies and was a music publisher. Early life Edwards was born Gustav Schmelowsky in Inowrazlaw, German Empire (present-day Inowrocław, Poland). His family boarded the steamship Spaarndam as steerage passengers; they arrived at the Port of New York on 29 July 1891 ending up in Williamsburg. During the day, he worked in the family cigar store, and in the evenings, he wandered looking for any sort of show business job. He found work as a singer at various lodge halls, on ferry boat lounges, in saloons, and even between bouts at the athletic clubs. As a very young boy, Edwards worked as a song plugger at Koster and Bial's, at Tony Pastor's theatre, and at the Bowery Theatre. In those old vaudeville days, song publishers would often hire a very young boy to sit in the theatre, and immediately after a vaudeville star had sung one of the publisher's songs, the youngster would stand up in the audience, and pretending to be completely overcome by the song, break out in an "extemporaneous" solo of the same tune. In this way, the young Edwards would often sit in a balcony seat, and then stand and repeat a song that vaudeville stars such as Maggie Cline, Lottie Gilson or Emma Carus had just sung. Career In 1896, Edwards was 17 years old and appearing at Johnny Palmer's Gaiety Saloon in Brooklyn, when James Hyde, a vaudeville agent, saw him performing. He booked a tour for Edwards and four other boys as The Newsboys Quintet act. In 1898, while performing in this act, Edwards wrote his first song, to a lyric by Tom Daly, "All I Want is My Black Baby Back". Edwards could not write music at that time, so he hired Charles Previn to write down the notes. May Irwin sang the song in her act, and helped to popularize it. While entertaining soldiers at Camp Black, during the Spanish–American War, Edwards met lyricist Will Cobb, and they formed "Words and Music", a partnership that lasted for many years. He was a vaudeville singer, and later had his own vaudeville company. He discovered Walter Winchell, Elsie Janis, George Jessel, Eddie Cantor, Groucho Marx, Phil Silvers, Lila Lee, Georgie Price, Eleanor Powell, Hildegarde, Ray Bolger, Sally Rand, Jack Pearl, the Lane Sisters, and Ina Ray Hutton. He wrote the Broadway stage scores for "When We Were Forty-One", "Hip Hip Hooray", "The Merry-Go-Round", "School Days", "Ziegfeld Follies of 1910", "Sunbonnet Sue", and "Show Window". He founded the Gus Edwards Music Hall in New York, and also his own publishing company, then produced special subjects for films, and returned to vaudeville between 1930 and 1937, finally retiring in 1939. His chief musical collaborators included Edward Madden, Will Cobb, and Robert B. Smith. His other popular-song compositions include "Meet Me Under the Wisteria", "By the Light of the Silvery Moon", "I Can't Tell You Why I Love You but I Do", "Goodbye, Little Girl, Goodbye", "I Just Can't Make My Eyes Behave", "I'll Be With You When the Roses Bloom Again", "He's My Pal", "Way Down Yonder in the Cornfield", "In Zanzibar", "If a Girl Like You Loved a Boy Like Me", "Jimmy Valentine", "If I Were a Millionaire", "Laddie Boy" and "In My Merry Oldsmobile". Some other songs include "America Never Took Water and America Never Will", "Au Revoir", "Good Bye and Luck Be with You Laddie Boy", "He Long and Lean and Lanky", "Keep on A-Going", "Mothers of Men" and "My Rainbow Ribbon Girl". Radio In the 1930s, Edwards had a weekly program, School Days of the Air, on KFWB in Los Angeles, California. Family Edwards was the brother of composer Leo Edwards, music publisher and talent agent Ben Edwards, and vaudeville songstress Dorothea Edwards. He was the uncle of Joan Edwards and Jack Edwards. Film Bing Crosby played Edwards in a fictionalized version of his life in the 1939 film The Star Maker, directed by Roy Del Ruth. Edwards himself made few screen appearances, the most notable being The Hollywood Revue of 1929, in which he performs as part of a vaudeville act. He also wrote all the music for The Hollywood Revue of 1929, as credited in the closing credits of the production, with the exception of "Singin' in the Rain" with lyrics by Arthur Freed and music by Nacio Herb Brown. He also performs a specialty number: "Lon Chaney's Gonna Get You If You Don't Watch Out". Recognition Edwards was a founding member of ASCAP in 1914 and was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1970. Broadway works Note: All shows are musicals unless otherwise stated. Hodge, Podge & Co. (1900) - featured songwriter The Wizard of Oz (1903) interpolated songs with Will D. Cobb "Rosalie" "I Love Only One Girl in the Wide, Wide World" "The Tale of a Cassowary" "Johnnie I'll Take You" "I'll Never Love Another Love Like I Love You" The Medal and the Maid (1904) - featured composer for "In Zanzibar" When We Were Forty-one (1905) - composer (for twelve out of fourteen numbers) Breaking Into Society (1905) - co-composer and co-lyricist His Honor the Mayor (1906) - contributing composer and lyricist Revived again in 1906, twice in 1907 The Blue Moon (1906) - featured composer for "(Don't You Think It's) Time to Marry" A Parisian Model (1906) - featured co-songwriter for "I (Just) Can't Make My Eyes Behave" Revived in 1908 Ziegfeld Follies of 1907 (1907) - revue - featured composer for "That's What the Rose Said to Me" and "On the Grand Old Sands" The Hired Girl's Millions (1907) - featured songwriter for "Where the River Shannon Flows" Hip! Hip! Hooray! of 1907 (1907) - composer The-Merry-Go-Round (1908) - composer (for all but three numbers) School Days (1908) - composer, co-lyricist, producer Miss Innocence (1908) - featured composer and lyricist for "What Kind of a Wife to Choose (What Kind of a Wife Does a Man Like Best)" Ziegfeld Follies of 1909 (1909) - revue - featured composer for "My Cousin Caruso (from Miss Innocence)" from Miss Innocence and "Up! Up! Up! in My Aeroplane" Ziegfeld Follies of 1910 (1910) - revue - co-bookwriter and featured composer for "Look Me Over Carefully (and Tell Me Will I Do)", "Sweet Kitty Bellairs", "Kidland", "Our American Colleges", "In the Evening (In de Evenin')", "The Black Cat", "A Woman's Dream", "Mr. Earth and His Comet Love (The Comet and the Earth)" and "The Waltzing Lieutenant" Broadway Sho-Window (1936) - revue - composer, producer and director Posthumously: Tintypes (1980) - revue - featured songwriter Film appearances Climbing the Golden Stairs (1929) References External links By the Light of the Silvery Moon Gus Edwards recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings. 1878 births 1945 deaths American musical theatre composers Burials at Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx, New York) German emigrants to the United States Male musical theatre composers People from Inowrocław People from the Province of Posen Vaudeville performers

<mask> (18 August 1878 – 7 November 1945) was an American songwriter and vaudevillian. He also organised his own theatre companies and was a music publisher. Early life <mask> was born <mask> in Inowrazlaw, German Empire (present-day Inowrocław, Poland). His family boarded the steamship Spaarndam as steerage passengers; they arrived at the Port of New York on 29 July 1891 ending up in Williamsburg. During the day, he worked in the family cigar store, and in the evenings, he wandered looking for any sort of show business job. He found work as a singer at various lodge halls, on ferry boat lounges, in saloons, and even between bouts at the athletic clubs. As a very young boy, <mask> worked as a song plugger at Koster and Bial's, at Tony Pastor's theatre, and at the Bowery Theatre.In those old vaudeville days, song publishers would often hire a very young boy to sit in the theatre, and immediately after a vaudeville star had sung one of the publisher's songs, the youngster would stand up in the audience, and pretending to be completely overcome by the song, break out in an "extemporaneous" solo of the same tune. In this way, the young <mask> would often sit in a balcony seat, and then stand and repeat a song that vaudeville stars such as Maggie Cline, Lottie Gilson or Emma Carus had just sung. Career In 1896, <mask> was 17 years old and appearing at Johnny Palmer's Gaiety Saloon in Brooklyn, when James Hyde, a vaudeville agent, saw him performing. He booked a tour for <mask> and four other boys as The Newsboys Quintet act. In 1898, while performing in this act, <mask> wrote his first song, to a lyric by Tom Daly, "All I Want is My Black Baby Back". <mask> could not write music at that time, so he hired Charles Previn to write down the notes. May Irwin sang the song in her act, and helped to popularize it.While entertaining soldiers at Camp Black, during the Spanish–American War, <mask> met lyricist Will Cobb, and they formed "Words and Music", a partnership that lasted for many years. He was a vaudeville singer, and later had his own vaudeville company. He discovered Walter Winchell, Elsie Janis, George Jessel, Eddie Cantor, Groucho Marx, Phil Silvers, Lila Lee, Georgie Price, Eleanor Powell, Hildegarde, Ray Bolger, Sally Rand, Jack Pearl, the Lane Sisters, and Ina Ray Hutton. He wrote the Broadway stage scores for "When We Were Forty-One", "Hip Hip Hooray", "The Merry-Go-Round", "School Days", "Ziegfeld Follies of 1910", "Sunbonnet Sue", and "Show Window". He founded the Gus Edwards Music Hall in New York, and also his own publishing company, then produced special subjects for films, and returned to vaudeville between 1930 and 1937, finally retiring in 1939. His chief musical collaborators included Edward Madden, Will Cobb, and Robert B. Smith. His other popular-song compositions include "Meet Me Under the Wisteria", "By the Light of the Silvery Moon", "I Can't Tell You Why I Love You but I Do", "Goodbye, Little Girl, Goodbye", "I Just Can't Make My Eyes Behave", "I'll Be With You When the Roses Bloom Again", "He's My Pal", "Way Down Yonder in the Cornfield", "In Zanzibar", "If a Girl Like You Loved a Boy Like Me", "Jimmy Valentine", "If I Were a Millionaire", "Laddie Boy" and "In My Merry Oldsmobile".Some other songs include "America Never Took Water and America Never Will", "Au Revoir", "Good Bye and Luck Be with You Laddie Boy", "He Long and Lean and Lanky", "Keep on A-Going", "Mothers of Men" and "My Rainbow Ribbon Girl". Radio In the 1930s, <mask> had a weekly program, School Days of the Air, on KFWB in Los Angeles, California. <mask> was the brother of composer <mask>, music publisher and talent agent <mask>, and vaudeville songstress <mask>. He was the uncle of <mask> and <mask>. Film Bing Crosby played <mask> in a fictionalized version of his life in the 1939 film The Star Maker, directed by Roy Del Ruth. <mask> himself made few screen appearances, the most notable being The Hollywood Revue of 1929, in which he performs as part of a vaudeville act. He also wrote all the music for The Hollywood Revue of 1929, as credited in the closing credits of the production, with the exception of "Singin' in the Rain" with lyrics by Arthur Freed and music by Nacio Herb Brown.He also performs a specialty number: "Lon Chaney's Gonna Get You If You Don't Watch Out". Recognition <mask> was a founding member of ASCAP in 1914 and was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1970. Broadway works Note: All shows are musicals unless otherwise stated. Hip! Hooray! of 1907 (1907) - composer The-Merry-Go-Round (1908) - composer (for all but three numbers) School Days (1908) - composer, co-lyricist, producer Miss Innocence (1908) - featured composer and lyricist for "What Kind of a Wife to Choose (What Kind of a Wife Does a Man Like Best)" Ziegfeld Follies of 1909 (1909) - revue - featured composer for "My Cousin Caruso (from Miss Innocence)" from Miss Innocence and "Up! Up!Up! in My Aeroplane" Ziegfeld Follies of 1910 (1910) - revue - co-bookwriter and featured composer for "Look Me Over Carefully (and Tell Me Will I Do)", "Sweet Kitty Bellairs", "Kidland", "Our American Colleges", "In the Evening (In de Evenin')", "The Black Cat", "A Woman's Dream", "Mr. Earth and His Comet Love (The Comet and the Earth)" and "The Waltzing Lieutenant" Broadway Sho-Window (1936) - revue - composer, producer and director Posthumously: Tintypes (1980) - revue - featured songwriter Film appearances Climbing the Golden Stairs (1929) References External links By the Light of the Silvery Moon <mask> recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings. 1878 births 1945 deaths American musical theatre composers Burials at Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx, New York) German emigrants to the United States Male musical theatre composers People from Inowrocław People from the Province of Posen Vaudeville performers

<mask> was an American vaudevillian who died in 1945. He was a music publisher. He was born in Inowrocaw, Poland, in the German Empire. His family boarded the steamship Spaarndam as steerage passengers and arrived at the Port of New York on July 29, 1891. During the day, he worked in the family cigar store, and in the evening, he was looking for a show business job. He was a singer at various lodge halls, ferry boat lounges, saloons, and even between bouts at the athletic clubs. As a young boy, he worked as a song plugger at a number of places.When a young boy was hired to sit in the theatre by a song publisher, he would stand up in the audience, pretending to be completely overcome by the song, and break out in the middle of the show. The youngEdwards would often sit in a balcony seat and repeat a song that other stars had just sung. James Hyde, a vaudeville agent, saw him perform at Johnny Palmer's Gaiety Saloon in Brooklyn when he was 17 years old. He booked a tour for the boys. In 1898, while performing in this act, he wrote his first song, "All I Want is My Black Baby Back". Charles Previn was hired by <mask> to write down the notes. She helped popularize the song by singing it in her act.While entertaining soldiers at Camp Black during the Spanish–American War, <mask> met Will Cobb, and they formed a partnership that lasted for many years. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He discovered many people, including Walter Winchell, George Jessel, Groucho Marx, Phil Silvers, Eleanor Powell, Hildegarde, Ray Bolger, Sally Rand, Jack Pearl, the Lane Sisters, and Ina Ray Hutton. He wrote the Broadway stage scores for "When We Were Forty-One", "Hip Hip Hooray", "The Merry-Go-Round", "Schooldays", and "Sunbonnet Sue". Between 1930 and 1937, he produced special subjects for films and returned to vaudeville, where he retired in 1939. Edward Madden, Will Cobb, and Robert B. Smith were his musical partners. "I Can't Tell You Why I Love You but I Do" is one of his popular songs."America Never Took Water and America Never Will" is one of the songs. School days of the air was a weekly program on radio in the 1930s. The brother of a composer and a music publisher was also the sister of a singer. Joan and Jack were related to him. In the 1939 film The Star Maker, Bing Crosby played a fictionalized version of Edward's life. The Hollywood Revue of 1929, in which he performs as part of a vaudeville act, was the most notable film appearance by <mask>. He wrote all of the music for The Hollywood Revue of 1929, with the exception of "Singin' in the Rain" with lyrics by Arthur Freed.He performs a song called "Lon Chaney's Gonna Get You If You Don't Watch Out". In 1970, RecognitionEdwards was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame. Unless otherwise stated, Broadway shows are musicals. Hip! Applause! The-Merry-Go-Round was the composer for all but three numbers. Up!Up! "Look Me Over Carefully (and Tell Me Will I Do)", "Sweet Kitty Bellairs", "Kidland", "Our American Colleges", and "In My Aeroplane" are included in the revue. Musical theatre composers from Inowrocaw and the Province of Posen Vaudeville are buried at the same cemetery.

22570794

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinoviy%20Kolobanov

Zinoviy Kolobanov

Zinovy Grigoryevich Kolobanov () (7 January 1911– 8 August 1994) was a tank commander and veteran of World War II. He commanded a KV-1 tank and is widely considered the second top scoring tanker ace of the Soviet Union. Service At the Battle of Leningrad on 20 August 1941, in Krasnogvardeysk (current Gatchina), Kolobanov's unit ambushed a column of German armour. The vanguard of the German 8th, 6th and 1st Panzer Divisions was approaching Krasnogvardeysk (now Gatchina) near Leningrad (now St Petersburg), and the only Soviet force available to stop it consisted of five well-hidden KV-1 tanks, dug in within a grove at the edge of a swamp. KV-1 tank no. 864 was commanded by the leader of this small force, Lieutenant Kolobanov. The German forces attacked Krasnogvardeysk from three directions. Near Myza Vojskovitsi (German:Wojskowitzy), Seppelevo, Vangostarosta (now Noviy Uchkhoz), Ilkino and Pitkelevo settlements, the geography favoured the Soviet defenders as the only road in the region passed the swamp, and the defenders commanded this choke point from their hidden position. Lieutenant Kolobanov had carefully studied the situation and readied his detachment the day before. Each KV-1 tank carried twice the normal amount of ammunition, two-thirds of which were armour-piercing rounds. Kolobanov ordered his other commanders to hold their fire and await orders. He did not want to reveal the size of his force, so only one tank at a time engaged the enemy. The 6th Panzer Division's vanguard entered directly into the well-prepared Soviet ambush. The gunner in Kolobanov's KV-1, Andrej Usov, knocked out the leading German tank with its first shot. The German column assumed that the tank had hit an anti-tank mine and, failing to realize that they were being ambushed, stopped. This gave to Usov the opportunity to destroy the second tank. The Germans realized they were under attack but were unable to locate the origin of the shots. While the German tanks fired blindly, Kolobanov's tank knocked out the trailing German tank, boxing in the entire column. Although the Germans now knew where they were being attacked from, they could not spot Lieutenant Kolobanov's tank, and now attempted to engage an unseen enemy. The German tanks got bogged down when they moved off the road onto the surrounding soft ground making them easy targets. Twenty-two German tanks and two towed artillery pieces were knocked out by Kolobanov's tank before it ran out of ammunition. Kolobanov ordered in another KV-1, and 21 more German tanks were destroyed before the half-hour battle ended. A total of 43 German tanks had been destroyed by the five Soviet KV-1s (two more remained in reserve). The Soviet victory was the result of a well-planned ambush on advantageous ground and superiority of weapons. Most of the German tanks in this battle were light tanks armed with only 37 mm guns. The German tank guns had neither the range nor the power of the 76 mm main gun of a KV-1. After the battle, the crew of No. 864 counted a total of 156 hits on their tank, none of which had penetrated the armor. The narrower tracks of the German tanks caused them to become trapped in the swampy ground. For their actions, Lieutenant Kolobanov was awarded the Order of the Red Banner and Andrej Usov was awarded the Order of Lenin. However, a nomination of Kolobanov for Hero of the Soviet Union was rejected by military superiors who initially found his after-action report to be unbelievable, thinking that he must have exaggerated the enemy forces. Though his report was soon corroborated by examination of the wreckages on the ground, the nomination was not reconsidered by Leningrad authorities who were preoccupied with the fiercest fighting during the Battle of Leningrad. Kolobanov continued to score successes on the battlefield in the following month, destroying at least three enemy tanks and four anti-tank guns. On 15 September 1941, behind the frontlines, he was badly wounded in the head and spine near Pushkin, Saint Petersburg by an explosion of tank ammunition; he spent most of the rest of the war in hospital. In 1945 he returned to active duty, but arrived too late to participate in combat before the surrender of Germany. In 1951, Lieutenant Kolobanov served in the Soviet occupation zone in East Germany, where he was court-martialed when a subordinate escaped to the British occupation zone. After that, he was transferred to the reserves. He remained in the army for some years, based in Belarus, and retired as a lieutenant-colonel. He then went on to work for the Minsk Auto Works. Due to popular demand by the villagers of Noviy Uchkhoz, a battle monument was dedicated in 1980 at the place where Kolobanov's KV-1 was dug in. Unfortunately, it was impossible to find a KV-1 tank, so an IS-2 heavy tank was installed there instead. On 8 September 2006, a monument in his honour was unveiled in Minsk, the capital of Belarus. It was sponsored by the director of AGAVA, Vasiliy Monich. Honours and awards Two Orders of the Red Banner Order of the Patriotic War 1st class Order of the Red Star Medal for Battle Merit Jubilee Medal "In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary since the Birth of Vladimir Il'ich Lenin" Medal "For the Defence of Leningrad" Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945" Jubilee Medal "Twenty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945" Jubilee Medal "Thirty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945" Jubilee Medal "Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945" Medal "Veteran of the Armed Forces of the USSR" Jubilee Medal "30 Years of the Soviet Army and Navy" Jubilee Medal "40 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR" Jubilee Medal "50 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR" Jubilee Medal "60 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR" Jubilee Medal "70 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR" References Bibliography "Kolobanov, héroe de la Unión Soviética" (Retrieved 25 April 2006) "1对43 一个英雄的苏联坦克组干的事情" (Retrieved 25 April 2006) External links Soviet Tank Aces 1994 deaths 1911 births Soviet military personnel of World War II Tank commanders Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner

<mask> () (7 January 1911– 8 August 1994) was a tank commander and veteran of World War II. He commanded a KV-1 tank and is widely considered the second top scoring tanker ace of the Soviet Union. Service At the Battle of Leningrad on 20 August 1941, in Krasnogvardeysk (current Gatchina), <mask>'s unit ambushed a column of German armour. The vanguard of the German 8th, 6th and 1st Panzer Divisions was approaching Krasnogvardeysk (now Gatchina) near Leningrad (now St Petersburg), and the only Soviet force available to stop it consisted of five well-hidden KV-1 tanks, dug in within a grove at the edge of a swamp. KV-1 tank no. 864 was commanded by the leader of this small force, Lieutenant <mask>. The German forces attacked Krasnogvardeysk from three directions.Near Myza Vojskovitsi (German:Wojskowitzy), Seppelevo, Vangostarosta (now Noviy Uchkhoz), Ilkino and Pitkelevo settlements, the geography favoured the Soviet defenders as the only road in the region passed the swamp, and the defenders commanded this choke point from their hidden position. Lieutenant <mask> had carefully studied the situation and readied his detachment the day before. Each KV-1 tank carried twice the normal amount of ammunition, two-thirds of which were armour-piercing rounds. <mask> ordered his other commanders to hold their fire and await orders. He did not want to reveal the size of his force, so only one tank at a time engaged the enemy. The 6th Panzer Division's vanguard entered directly into the well-prepared Soviet ambush. The gunner in <mask>'s KV-1, Andrej Usov, knocked out the leading German tank with its first shot.The German column assumed that the tank had hit an anti-tank mine and, failing to realize that they were being ambushed, stopped. This gave to Usov the opportunity to destroy the second tank. The Germans realized they were under attack but were unable to locate the origin of the shots. While the German tanks fired blindly, <mask>'s tank knocked out the trailing German tank, boxing in the entire column. Although the Germans now knew where they were being attacked from, they could not spot Lieutenant <mask>'s tank, and now attempted to engage an unseen enemy. The German tanks got bogged down when they moved off the road onto the surrounding soft ground making them easy targets. Twenty-two German tanks and two towed artillery pieces were knocked out by <mask>'s tank before it ran out of ammunition.<mask> ordered in another KV-1, and 21 more German tanks were destroyed before the half-hour battle ended. A total of 43 German tanks had been destroyed by the five Soviet KV-1s (two more remained in reserve). The Soviet victory was the result of a well-planned ambush on advantageous ground and superiority of weapons. Most of the German tanks in this battle were light tanks armed with only 37 mm guns. The German tank guns had neither the range nor the power of the 76 mm main gun of a KV-1. After the battle, the crew of No. 864 counted a total of 156 hits on their tank, none of which had penetrated the armor.The narrower tracks of the German tanks caused them to become trapped in the swampy ground. For their actions, Lieutenant <mask> was awarded the Order of the Red Banner and Andrej Usov was awarded the Order of Lenin. However, a nomination of Kolobanov for Hero of the Soviet Union was rejected by military superiors who initially found his after-action report to be unbelievable, thinking that he must have exaggerated the enemy forces. Though his report was soon corroborated by examination of the wreckages on the ground, the nomination was not reconsidered by Leningrad authorities who were preoccupied with the fiercest fighting during the Battle of Leningrad. <mask> continued to score successes on the battlefield in the following month, destroying at least three enemy tanks and four anti-tank guns. On 15 September 1941, behind the frontlines, he was badly wounded in the head and spine near Pushkin, Saint Petersburg by an explosion of tank ammunition; he spent most of the rest of the war in hospital. In 1945 he returned to active duty, but arrived too late to participate in combat before the surrender of Germany.In 1951, Lieutenant Kolobanov served in the Soviet occupation zone in East Germany, where he was court-martialed when a subordinate escaped to the British occupation zone. After that, he was transferred to the reserves. He remained in the army for some years, based in Belarus, and retired as a lieutenant-colonel. He then went on to work for the Minsk Auto Works. Due to popular demand by the villagers of Noviy Uchkhoz, a battle monument was dedicated in 1980 at the place where <mask>'s KV-1 was dug in. Unfortunately, it was impossible to find a KV-1 tank, so an IS-2 heavy tank was installed there instead. On 8 September 2006, a monument in his honour was unveiled in Minsk, the capital of Belarus.It was sponsored by the director of AGAVA, Vasiliy Monich.

He was a tank commander in World War II. The second top scoring tanker ace of the Soviet Union was commanded by him. At the Battle of Leningrad on August 20, 1941, a column of German armour was attacked by a unit of <mask>'s. The only Soviet force that could stop the advance of the German 8th, 6th and 1st Panzer Divisions was made up of five well-hidden KV-1 tanks. The tank is called the KV-1. Lieutenant <mask> was the leader of this small force. Krasnogvardeysk was attacked from three directions by the German forces.The geography favored the Soviet defenders as the only road in the region passed the swamp. Lieutenant <mask> prepared his unit the day before. Two-thirds of the armour-piercing rounds were carried by each KV-1 tank. The other commanders were ordered to hold their fire. He didn't want to reveal the size of his force so only one tank engaged the enemy. The Soviet ambush was well-prepared by the 6th Panzer Division. The German tank was knocked out by the first shot of the gun.The German column assumed that the tank had hit an anti-tank mine and that they were stopped. Usov had the chance to destroy the second tank. The Germans were unable to locate the origin of the shots when they realized they were under attack. While the German tanks fired blindly, <mask>'s tank knocked out the trailing German tank, boxing in the entire column. Although the Germans knew where they were being attacked from, they couldn't see Lieutenant <mask>'s tank and tried to engage an unseen enemy. The German tanks were easy targets because they got bogged down when they moved off the road. Twenty-two German tanks and two towed pieces were knocked out by a tank before it ran out of bullets.Before the half-hour battle ended, 21 more German tanks were destroyed. A total of 43 German tanks were destroyed by the Soviets. The victory of the Soviets was due to a well- planned ambush and superiority of weapons. Light tanks with only 37mm guns were the majority of the German tanks in this battle. The range and power of the main gun of a KV-1 were not available from the German tank guns. The crew of No. after the battle. None of the 156 hits on their tank penetrated the armor.The German tanks became trapped in the swampy ground because of the narrower tracks. Lieutenant <mask> was awarded the Order of the Red Banner for his actions. Military superiors initially found his after-action report to be unbelievable, thinking that he must have exaggerated the enemy forces, as his nomination for Hero of the Soviet Union was rejected. The nomination was not reconsidered by the authorities because they were focused on the fighting during the Battle of Leningrad. In the following month, he destroyed at least three enemy tanks and four anti-tank guns. He was badly wounded in the head and spine on 15 September 1941, behind the frontlines, and spent most of the war in the hospital. He returned to active duty in 1945 but was too late to participate in combat.Lieutenant <mask> was court-martialed for deserting the Soviet occupation zone in East Germany in 1951. He was transferred to the reserves after that. He retired as a lieutenant-colonel after some years in the army. He went to work for the auto works. The battle monument was dedicated in 1980 because of popular demand. An IS-2 heavy tank was installed because it was impossible to find a KV-1 tank. A monument in his honor was unveiled in the capital of the country.The director of AGAVA sponsored it.

877570

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob%20S.%20Coxey%20Sr.

Jacob S. Coxey Sr.

Jacob 'Jake' Sechler Coxey Sr. (April 16, 1854 – May 18, 1951), sometimes known as General Coxey, of Massillon, Ohio, was an American politician who ran for elective office several times in Ohio. Twice, in 1894 and 1914, he led "Coxey's Army", a group of unemployed men who marched to Washington, D.C., to present a "Petition in Boots" demanding that the United States Congress allocate funds to create jobs for the unemployed. Although the marches failed, Coxey's Army was an early attempt to arouse political interest in an issue that grew in importance until the Social Security Act of 1935 encouraged the establishment of state unemployment insurance programs. Biography Early years Jacob Sechler Coxey was born on April 16, 1854, in Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania, the son of the former Mary Ann Sechler and Thomas Coxey. His father worked in a sawmill at the time Jacob was born, but the family pulled up stakes to move to industrially thriving Danville, Pennsylvania, in 1860, with Jacob's father taking a job working in an iron mill. Known as Jake, Coxey excelled in school, attending local public schools and at least one additional year in a private academy before leaving to take his first job at the age of 16 as a water boy in the mill where his father worked. Coxey spent eight years at the iron mill, advancing through the ranks from water boy to machine oiler, boiler tender, and finally to stationary engineer. Coxey left the mill in 1878 to establish a business partnership with an uncle in a Harrisburg scrap-iron business. In this capacity, Coxey went on a scrap iron buying trip to the town of Massillon, located 325 miles to the west, in 1881. Coxey liked the town so much that he decided to stay, cashing out of the scrap iron business and using the proceeds to purchase a large farm and establish a quarry producing silica sand for the manufacture of glass and iron. Coxey was a passionate equestrian, who bred blooded horses and raced or sold them across the nation. Horse racing was among the most popular spectator sports in the United States and Coxey's horse-breeding enterprise was prosperous, but he fell into gambling on racing, which contributed to the end of his first marriage in 1888, after 14 years and four children. Coxey would remarry in 1891, siring two more children, including a son named "Legal Tender" in honor of his father's quirky monetary obsessions. First political interests Coxey was born to parents who supported the Democratic Party and he entered politics under this banner. With the coming of the economic crisis of 1877, Coxey became a partisan of the United States Greenback Party, which ascribed the nations economic woes to faulty economic principles which led to a severe contraction of the money supply in the years after the American Civil War. Prosperity could be restored, Greenbackers believed, by the issuance of sufficient quantities of paper money. When the People's Party emerged at the start of the 1890s, it earned the support of Coxey and most other Greenbackers and he shifted his allegiance to that political organization. Coxey had experience as a laborer and an employer; he was also aware of the agricultural situation. He was a reformer who was willing to spend time and money to promote his plans for the betterment of the social order. Coxey was regarded by many contemporary observers as convincingly earnest. One reporter wrote, "He seems to be profoundly impressed with the suffering of mankind and with a belief that there is a deep-laid plan of monopolist to crush the poor to the earth." He was often branded as a crank for challenging the economic system that made him so prosperous. Coxey's Army In 1893 a severe economic depression swept the United States – a crisis remembered as the Panic of 1893. Unemployment skyrocketed, bank runs paralyzed the local financial system, and credit dried up, while a protracted period of deflation put negative pressure on wages, prompting widespread lockouts and strikes. Never one to be short of either self-confidence or political ambition, Coxey believed that he held the key to the nation's economic woes and began espousing a plan of public works, specifically road improvement, to be financed through the issuance of $500 million in paper money, backed by government bonds. This expenditure would in one swoop improve infrastructure, put unemployed workers to work, and loosen the strangled credit situation, Coxey believed. To accompany his novel and controversial economic program, organized around the slogan "Good Roads", Coxey and his close political associate Carl Browne devised a novel political strategy designed to force the United States government into action. Rather than attempt to form a conventional political organization to capture decision-making offices, Coxey decided upon a course of what would later be known as direct action — the assembly of a mass of unemployed workers who would boldly march on Washington, DC to demand immediate satisfaction of their needs by Congress. This plan began to take shape early in the spring of 1894, to the point that by March the managing editor of the Chicago Record would assign young reporter Ray Stannard Baker to cover the "queer chap down there in Massillon" who was "getting up an army of the unemployed to march on Washington." Many members of Coxey's family were opposed to his involvement in Coxey's Army. His father refused to talk to reporters and called his son "stiff necked", "cranky", and "pig-headed". One of Coxey's sisters called him an embarrassment. He was a member of the Socialist Party circa 1912. Death and legacy Coxey lived to be 97 years old. When asked his secret to longevity, he told reporters an array of reasons from elixirs to not resisting temptation. Timeline 1885: Ran as the nominee of the Greenback Party for a seat in the Ohio State Senate but lost in his first attempt at public office. 1894: Led Coxey's Army, a march that started in Ohio, and passed through Pittsburgh in April. Interest in the march dwindled in mid May. Coxey was concerned with the lack of meaningful work, and thus demanded that the federal government provide such for the unemployed. Coxey, his wife, and his son, Legal Tender Coxey, rode in a carriage ahead of some 400 protesters towards Washington D.C. He was arrested for walking on the grass and his army peacefully dispersed. Although it didn't seem to have much effect, the march on Washington and the growing threat of populism at this time struck fear into the hearts of many. 1894: Nominated by the People's Party for the 18th District seat in the U.S. House of Representatives. 1895: Nominated by People's Party for Governor of Ohio. 1897: Nominated by People's Party for Governor of Ohio. 1916: Unsuccessfully ran for a seat in the United States Senate. 1922: Ran as an independent for the U.S. House in the 18th District against incumbent Republican B. Franklin Murphy and lost. 1924: Ran as an independent for the U.S. House against Democratic incumbent John McSweeney in the 16th District, losing again. 1926: Ran for the Republican Party's nomination for the 16th District seat and lost in the primary election. 1928: Again tried unsuccessfully to get the Republican nomination for the U.S. Senate in the primary. In the general election, he ran as an independent for the U.S. House in the 16th District, against McSweeney again (who lost his seat to the Republican challenger Charles B. McClintock). He also received two votes in the race for Frank Murphy's seat. He also ran for President as the candidate of the Interracial Independent Political Party with Simon P. W. Drew as his running mate. 1930: Again lost the contest to be the Republican nominee in the 16th District U.S. House primary. 1931: Elected as mayor of Massillon. 1932: Again lost the contest to be the Republican nominee in the 16th District U.S. House primary. 1932: In 1932, unsuccessfully ran for the office of President of the United States on the ticket of the United States Farmer-Labor Party. 1934: Again lost the contest to be the Republican nominee in the 16th District U.S. House primary. 1936: Ran again in 1936 against Democratic incumbent William R. Thom, the successor to McSweeney and McClintock, this time under the banner of the Union Party, and again losing. 1938: Contested for the Democratic Party's nomination in the 16th District primaries and lost. 1941: Unsuccessfully tried to get the Democratic nomination for mayor of Massillon after losing his seat in 1933. 1942: Contested for the Democratic Party's nomination in the 16th District primaries and lost. See also Ohio's 21st congressional district#Election results Ohio's 18th congressional district#Election results Ohio's 16th congressional district#Election results John Maynard Keynes Footnotes 1854 births 1951 deaths American manufacturing businesspeople People from Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania People from Massillon, Ohio Ohio Farmer–Laborites Ohio Independents Ohio Populists Ohio Democrats Ohio Republicans Ohio Greenbacks Mayors of places in Ohio Socialist Party of America politicians from Ohio 20th-century American politicians Union Party (United States) politicians

<mask>Jake<mask>. (April 16, 1854 – May 18, 1951), sometimes known as <mask>, of Massillon, Ohio, was an American politician who ran for elective office several times in Ohio. Twice, in 1894 and 1914, he led "Coxey's Army", a group of unemployed men who marched to Washington, D.C., to present a "Petition in Boots" demanding that the United States Congress allocate funds to create jobs for the unemployed. Although the marches failed, Coxey's Army was an early attempt to arouse political interest in an issue that grew in importance until the Social Security Act of 1935 encouraged the establishment of state unemployment insurance programs. Biography Early years <mask> was born on April 16, 1854, in Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania, the son of the former <mask> and <mask>. His father worked in a sawmill at the time <mask> was born, but the family pulled up stakes to move to industrially thriving Danville, Pennsylvania, in 1860, with <mask>'s father taking a job working in an iron mill. Known as Jake, Coxey excelled in school, attending local public schools and at least one additional year in a private academy before leaving to take his first job at the age of 16 as a water boy in the mill where his father worked. Coxey spent eight years at the iron mill, advancing through the ranks from water boy to machine oiler, boiler tender, and finally to stationary engineer.<mask> left the mill in 1878 to establish a business partnership with an uncle in a Harrisburg scrap-iron business. In this capacity, <mask> went on a scrap iron buying trip to the town of Massillon, located 325 miles to the west, in 1881. <mask> liked the town so much that he decided to stay, cashing out of the scrap iron business and using the proceeds to purchase a large farm and establish a quarry producing silica sand for the manufacture of glass and iron. <mask> was a passionate equestrian, who bred blooded horses and raced or sold them across the nation. Horse racing was among the most popular spectator sports in the United States and <mask>'s horse-breeding enterprise was prosperous, but he fell into gambling on racing, which contributed to the end of his first marriage in 1888, after 14 years and four children. Coxey would remarry in 1891, siring two more children, including a son named "Legal Tender" in honor of his father's quirky monetary obsessions. First political interests <mask> was born to parents who supported the Democratic Party and he entered politics under this banner.With the coming of the economic crisis of 1877, <mask> became a partisan of the United States Greenback Party, which ascribed the nations economic woes to faulty economic principles which led to a severe contraction of the money supply in the years after the American Civil War. Prosperity could be restored, Greenbackers believed, by the issuance of sufficient quantities of paper money. When the People's Party emerged at the start of the 1890s, it earned the support of <mask> and most other Greenbackers and he shifted his allegiance to that political organization. Coxey had experience as a laborer and an employer; he was also aware of the agricultural situation. He was a reformer who was willing to spend time and money to promote his plans for the betterment of the social order. Coxey was regarded by many contemporary observers as convincingly earnest. One reporter wrote, "He seems to be profoundly impressed with the suffering of mankind and with a belief that there is a deep-laid plan of monopolist to crush the poor to the earth."He was often branded as a crank for challenging the economic system that made him so prosperous. <mask>'s Army In 1893 a severe economic depression swept the United States – a crisis remembered as the Panic of 1893. Unemployment skyrocketed, bank runs paralyzed the local financial system, and credit dried up, while a protracted period of deflation put negative pressure on wages, prompting widespread lockouts and strikes. Never one to be short of either self-confidence or political ambition, <mask> believed that he held the key to the nation's economic woes and began espousing a plan of public works, specifically road improvement, to be financed through the issuance of $500 million in paper money, backed by government bonds. This expenditure would in one swoop improve infrastructure, put unemployed workers to work, and loosen the strangled credit situation, <mask> believed. To accompany his novel and controversial economic program, organized around the slogan "Good Roads", <mask> and his close political associate Carl Browne devised a novel political strategy designed to force the United States government into action. Rather than attempt to form a conventional political organization to capture decision-making offices, Coxey decided upon a course of what would later be known as direct action — the assembly of a mass of unemployed workers who would boldly march on Washington, DC to demand immediate satisfaction of their needs by Congress.This plan began to take shape early in the spring of 1894, to the point that by March the managing editor of the Chicago Record would assign young reporter <mask> Baker to cover the "queer chap down there in Massillon" who was "getting up an army of the unemployed to march on Washington." Many members of <mask>'s family were opposed to his involvement in <mask>'s Army. His father refused to talk to reporters and called his son "stiff necked", "cranky", and "pig-headed". One of <mask>'s sisters called him an embarrassment. He was a member of the Socialist Party circa 1912. Death and legacy Coxey lived to be 97 years old. When asked his secret to longevity, he told reporters an array of reasons from elixirs to not resisting temptation.Timeline 1885: Ran as the nominee of the Greenback Party for a seat in the Ohio State Senate but lost in his first attempt at public office. 1894: <mask>'s Army, a march that started in Ohio, and passed through Pittsburgh in April. Interest in the march dwindled in mid May. Coxey was concerned with the lack of meaningful work, and thus demanded that the federal government provide such for the unemployed. <mask>, his wife, and his son, Legal Tender <mask>, rode in a carriage ahead of some 400 protesters towards Washington D.C. He was arrested for walking on the grass and his army peacefully dispersed. Although it didn't seem to have much effect, the march on Washington and the growing threat of populism at this time struck fear into the hearts of many.1894: Nominated by the People's Party for the 18th District seat in the U.S. House of Representatives. 1895: Nominated by People's Party for Governor of Ohio. 1897: Nominated by People's Party for Governor of Ohio. 1916: Unsuccessfully ran for a seat in the United States Senate. 1922: Ran as an independent for the U.S. House in the 18th District against incumbent Republican B. Franklin Murphy and lost. 1924: Ran as an independent for the U.S. House against Democratic incumbent <mask> in the 16th District, losing again. 1926: Ran for the Republican Party's nomination for the 16th District seat and lost in the primary election.1928: Again tried unsuccessfully to get the Republican nomination for the U.S. Senate in the primary. In the general election, he ran as an independent for the U.S. House in the 16th District, against <mask> again (who lost his seat to the Republican challenger Charles B. McClintock). He also received two votes in the race for Frank Murphy's seat. He also ran for President as the candidate of the Interracial Independent Political Party with <mask>. W. Drew as his running mate. 1930: Again lost the contest to be the Republican nominee in the 16th District U.S. House primary. 1931: Elected as mayor of Massillon. 1932: Again lost the contest to be the Republican nominee in the 16th District U.S. House primary.1932: In 1932, unsuccessfully ran for the office of President of the United States on the ticket of the United States Farmer-Labor Party. 1934: Again lost the contest to be the Republican nominee in the 16th District U.S. House primary. 1936: Ran again in 1936 against Democratic incumbent William R. Thom, the successor to McSweeney and McClintock, this time under the banner of the Union Party, and again losing. 1938: Contested for the Democratic Party's nomination in the 16th District primaries and lost. 1941: Unsuccessfully tried to get the Democratic nomination for mayor of Massillon after losing his seat in 1933. 1942: Contested for the Democratic Party's nomination in the 16th District primaries and lost. See also Ohio's 21st congressional district#Election results Ohio's 18th congressional district#Election results Ohio's 16th congressional district#Election results John Maynard Keynes Footnotes 1854 births 1951 deaths American manufacturing businesspeople People from Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania People from Massillon, Ohio Ohio Farmer–Laborites Ohio Independents Ohio Populists Ohio Democrats Ohio Republicans Ohio Greenbacks Mayors of places in Ohio Socialist Party of America politicians from Ohio 20th-century American politicians Union Party (United States) politicians

<mask>, also known as <mask>, was an American politician who ran for office several times in Ohio. <mask>'s Army, a group of unemployed men, marched to Washington, D.C. in 1894 and 1914 to demand that Congress allocate funds to create jobs for the unemployed. <mask>'s Army was an attempt to arouse political interest in an issue that grew in importance until the Social Security Act of 1935 encouraged the establishment of state unemployment insurance programs. <mask> was the son of the former <mask> and <mask>. <mask>'s father worked in an iron mill in Pennsylvania when his family moved there in 1860. Coxey excelled in school, attending local public schools and at least one additional year in a private academy before leaving to take his first job at the age of 16 as a water boy in the mill where his father worked. Coxey worked at the iron mill for eight years, progressing through the ranks from water boy to machine oiler, boiler tender, and finally to stationary engineer.<mask> established a business partnership with an uncle in a scrap-iron business after leaving the mill. <mask> went on a scrap iron buying trip to the town of Massillon in the late 19th century. <mask> decided to stay in the town after cashing out of the scrap iron business and setting up a quarry to make sand for glass and iron. Coxey bred and raced horses and sold them across the nation. <mask>'s horse-breeding enterprise was prosperous but he fell into gambling and ended his first marriage after 14 years and four children. Coxey sired two more children, including a son named "Legal Tender" in honor of his father's quirky monetary obsessions. <mask>'s parents supported the Democratic Party and he entered politics under this banner.<mask> became a partisan of the United States Greenback Party, which blamed the nations economic troubles on faulty economic principles, which led to a severe contraction of the money supply in the years after the American Civil War. Greenbackers believed that paper money could be used to restore prosperity. Coxey switched his loyalties to the People's Party after it gained the support of most of the Greenbackers. Coxey was aware of the agricultural situation and had experience as a worker. He was willing to spend time and money to promote his plans for the better of the social order. Coxey was seen as earnest by many contemporary observers. One reporter wrote, "He seems to be profoundly impressed with the suffering of mankind and with a belief that there is a deep-laid plan of monopolist to crush the poor to the earth."He was seen as a crank for challenging the economic system that made him rich. The Panic of 1893 was a severe economic depression that swept the United States. Unemployment skyrocketed, bank runs paralyzed the local financial system, and credit dried up, while a period of deflation put negative pressure on wages, prompting widespread strikes. <mask> believed that he held the key to the nation's economic troubles and began advocating a plan of public works, specifically road improvement, to be financed through the issuance of $500 million in paper money. <mask> believed that this expenditure would improve infrastructure, put unemployed workers to work, and loosen the credit situation. <mask> and his political associate Carl Browne devised a novel political strategy designed to force the United States government into action to accompany his novel and controversial economic program. Coxey decided against forming a political organization to capture decision-making offices, instead opting for the assembly of a mass of unemployed workers who would march on Washington, DC to demand immediate satisfaction of their needs by Congress.In the spring of 1894, the managing editor of the Chicago Record assigned <mask> Baker to cover the "queer chap down there in Massillon" who was getting up an army of the unemployed to march. <mask>'s family did not approve of his involvement in Coxey's Army. His father called his son "cranky" and "pig-headed" and refused to speak to reporters. <mask>'s sister called him an embarrassment. He was a member of the Socialist Party. Coxey lived to be 97 years old. He told reporters that his secret to longevity was not resisting temptation.He lost his first attempt at public office when he was the nominee of the Greenback Party for a seat in the Ohio State Senate. <mask>'s Army started in Ohio and passed through Pittsburgh in 1894. The interest in the march waned in May. <mask> wanted the federal government to provide meaningful work for the unemployed. <mask> and his family rode in a carriage ahead of a group of protesters towards Washington D.C. His army dispersed peacefully after he was arrested for walking on the grass. The growing threat of populism and the march on Washington struck fear into the hearts of many.The 18th District seat in the U.S. House of Representatives was nominated by the People's Party in 1894. The People's Party nominated the Governor of Ohio. The People's Party nominated the Governor of Ohio. Unsuccessfully ran for a seat in the United States Senate in 1916. In 1922, I ran as an independent for the U.S. House in the 18th District against B. Franklin Murphy. In 1924, as an independent, he lost to <mask> in the 16th District. The Republican Party's nomination for the 16th District seat was lost in the primary election.Attempts were made to get the Republican nomination for the U.S. Senate in the primary. He ran as an independent for the U.S. House in the 16th District against <mask>, who lost his seat to the Republican challenger. He received two votes in the race for Frank Murphy's seat. He ran for president with <mask>. W. Drew as his running mate. The 16th District U.S. House primary was won by the Democrats. The mayor of Massillon was elected in 1931. The 16th District U.S. House primary was won by the Democrats.He ran for the office of President of the United States on the ticket of the United States Farmer-Labor Party. The 16th District U.S. House primary was won by the Democrats. This time under the banner of the Union Party, they lost against William R. Thom, the successor to McSweeney and McClintock. There was a contest for the Democratic Party's nomination in the 16th District. After losing his seat in 1933, he tried to get the Democratic nomination for mayor of Massillon. Contested for the Democratic Party's nomination in the 16th District and lost. See also Ohio's 21st congressional district, Ohio's 18th congressional district, and Ohio's 16th congressional district.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Lozano

Henry Lozano

Henry Lozano (born August 24, 1948) is a non-profit executive and grassroots organizer. His years of public service culminated in his post at the White House as Deputy Assistant to the President and Director of USA Freedom Corps. On August 10, 2011, he was appointed to serve as the Director of Los Angeles County Teen Challenge and Urban Ministries Initiatives. On September 11, 2007, President George W. Bush asked Lozano to step into the job of Deputy Assistant to the President and director of USA Freedom Corps. In this role, he advanced the "Call to Service" initiative launched by President George W. Bush in his 2002 "State of the Union" address. President George W. Bush created USA Freedom Corps to build on the countless acts of service, sacrifice and generosity that followed the Sept. 11, 2001 attacks. As director, Lozano coordinated service and volunteering efforts with organizations ranging from the Peace Corps and AmeriCorps to the Senior Corps and the Points of Light Foundation. He oversaw creation of the volunteer.gov website (which recently evolved into www.serve.gov, the "central hub" for service and volunteer coordination under President Obama). Lozano is a graduate of Teen Challenge, a spiritually-based recovery program. Throughout his career, he has championed many causes, especially those related to substance abuse prevention and recovery programs. In 2003, George W. Bush invited Lozano to the First Lady's box during his State of the Union address. In his speech, the president said: "Let us bring to all Americans who struggle with drug addiction this message of hope: The miracle of recovery is possible, and it could be you." In 2005, Lozano was awarded the Presidential Call to Service Award in recognition of a lifetime of service. Early life and career Henry Lozano was born in Artesia, California on August 24, 1948. His father was Henry C. "Hank" Lozano, Sr. (born in Tyrone, New Mexico, his family came from Chihuahua, Mexico). His mother is Liduvina Quintana Lozano. She was born in Silver City, New Mexico and is of Apache ancestry. Hank Lozano, Sr. was a golden gloves boxer in California and an exhibition boxer during the Second World War. He became a successful rancher and farmer in the Imperial Valley region of California. He died on Easter Sunday in 2009. Henry grew up in Calexico, California and graduated from Calexico High School in 1966. There, he became friends with Enrique "Kiki" Camarena, who later became a Special Agent for the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). He initially attended college at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo to get his agribusiness degree, with the idea of taking a leadership role in the family farm, but it was the era of the '60s and, like many of his friends, Henry developed a problem with drug addiction. Teen Challenge In 1974, Henry Lozano joined Teen Challenge, a faith-based, global ministry program for substance abuse treatment. It was an appointment with fate that would change the direction of his life toward service and volunteering. In a speech in the Rose Garden at the White House, President George W. Bush noted that Lozano is a graduate of Teen Challenge. From 1974 to 1985, Lozano served as the director of Teen Challenge in California. The impressive results of Teen Challenge have been applauded by Presidents Reagan, George H.W. Bush, and George W. Bush. George W. Bush, who credits his Christian faith for his own victory over alcohol abuse, has praised Teen Challenge ever since he was Governor of Texas, saying it works "to change people's lives by changing their hearts." Prior to his White House appointment, Lozano was the CEO of Californians for Drug Free Youth, Inc., a grass-roots organization he founded. Native American ancestry Henry Lozano is of Native American and Hispanic ancestry. In an interview with the Rockefeller Institute, he spoke about Teen Challenge and how this experience was colored by his parent's traditional values: "I walked in the Teen Challenge doors in 1974 as a student. My parents were in shock that their first-born son was so far out on a limb with drug use because I was the intended elder in my family." Because of this early experience, Lozano has championed causes at the local, national, and international level, especially those related to substance abuse prevention and recovery programs. In 2000, he was asked to speak at "Mobilizing Parents for Prevention," a plenary session sponsored by the Office of National Drug Control Policy in the Executive Office of the President. Lozano spoke about his family heritage and the importance of the traditional values in guiding and encouraging young people to pursue a life of service and volunteerism. "My father’s side came from Chihuahua, Mexico. My mother’s side are Apache from southwestern New Mexico," he said. "These two people defined for me what I understand today to be an Honorable Son: a son of integrity, a son who responds to the honor of his father’s name, a son who treats his mother with respect. I had a father who worked seven days a week, and a mother who carried a broom seven days a week – not to sweep the floor but to crack it on our backs if we didn’t respond the way we should have while Daddy wasn’t there." "In addition to discipline and guidance from my mother, I also got the praise and the recognition in our community," he noted. "Every time mother got up and introduced me, she would tell everybody 50% non-truth by telling them how wonderful I was. And she would tell 50% of the truth… all of those good things that I did in fact do. Why did my mother continue to promote her children in this way? Because she understood that the man she married, Enrique Lozano, was a man of integrity, a man of honor, a man of value. And to inspire that in me, she had to continue to reinforce in the public eye, in our community, that I was also a man of integrity. And what did that mean in our family? What impression did that give in our community? It gave other people the impression that her firstborn was a man who was going to carry out his father's ways, to carry on our family's honor. I understood this at an early age. t is the one thing inside of me that has held me true to course, the one thing that advanced me forward." USA Freedom Corps In his 2002 State of the Union Address President Bush asked all Americans to dedicate two years or 4,000 hours over the course of their lives to serving others. USA Freedom Corps, as part of the Executive Office of the President of the United States, was described as a "Coordinating Council... working to strengthen our culture of service and help find opportunities for every American to start volunteering." President George W. Bush created USA Freedom Corps to build on the countless acts of service, sacrifice and generosity that followed the Sept. 11, 2001 attacks. As Director of USA Freedom Corps, Henry Lozano worked cooperatively to orchestrate and coordinate agencies such as the Peace Corps, Citizen Corps, AmeriCorps and Senior Corps to recruit, mobilize, and encourage all Americans to engage in public service. He was charged with implementing President Bush's vision for volunteerism and creating a "culture of service" in America. Echoing the President's Call to Service which he made in his 2002 "State of the Union" address, Lozano worked to promote and expand opportunities for Americans looking to serve causes greater than themselves. Henry Lozano was recognized by the White House as "a leader for his service to our nation." He has worked over the course of his career to ensure Americans understand the value of volunteerism. On September 11, 2007, the date of Lozano's appointment, Stephen Goldsmith, Chairman of the Board of the Corporation for National and Community Service, said "Henry Lozano has devoted his life to grassroots action and citizen problem-solving." Red Ribbon Week In 1985, Henry Lozano, along with the Californian's for Drug Free Youth Board of Directors, created the first Statewide Red Ribbon Campaign in memory of his high school friend, Enrique "Kiki" Camarena, a Drug Enforcement Administration special agent. While serving in the line of duty, Camarena was tragically murdered by drug traffickers. With the support of Congressman Duncan Hunter and City Councilman David Dhillon, Lozano helped to create and promote "Camarena Clubs" in Imperial Valley, California, Camarena's home. Hundreds of club members pledged to lead drug-free lives to honor the sacrifices made by Camarena and others on behalf of all Americans. From these clubs emerged the Red Ribbon Week campaign, and during the administration of President Bill Clinton it grew into a nationwide service effort that touched the lives of millions of school-aged children. The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration's website says that: "Red Ribbon Week is nationally recognized and celebrated, helping to preserve Special Agent Camarena’s memory and further the cause for which he gave his life. The Red Ribbon Campaign also became a symbol of support for the DEA's efforts to reduce demand for drugs through prevention and education programs. By wearing a red ribbon during the last week in October, Americans demonstrate their ardent opposition to drugs. They pay homage not only to Special Agent Camarena, but to all men and women who have made the ultimate sacrifice in support of our nation’s struggle against drug trafficking and abuse." According to the DEA, approximately 80 million people participate in Red Ribbon events every year. Youth To Youth Henry Lozano was president and CEO of Californians for Drug-free Youth (CAFDY), a non-profit organization working to bring parents, youth, schools and communities together to create and support safe and healthy communities (from 1996 to 2007). At CADFY, Lozano actively supported the "Youth to Youth" movement. Youth to Youth originated in Columbus, Ohio as a high school program in 1982. Its goal is to support and encourage teens to be drug-free. Since 1987, CADFY has sponsored over 300 Youth to Youth conferences in 35 communities throughout California. Youth to Youth empowers young people to become leaders, focusing its programs on issues that teens are most likely to face while growing up today: drugs, alcohol and smoking, negative peer pressure, depression, bullying, relationships, body image, self-concept, and community responsibility. By learning how to spread the message of positive lifestyle choices, teens involved in Youth to Youth are able to find their own paths which are ultimately the foundation for a more peaceful and harmonious world. National Volunteer Week On April 29, 2008, Henry Lozano joined President George W. Bush at the White House for a celebration of "National Volunteer Week" and an event honoring Americans who give of their time to help the less fortunate and create impact in communities at home and around the globe. "I believe strongly in the admonition, 'To whom much is given, much is required'," President Bush said. "Those of you here today are living up to that noble calling. And you carry on the best traditions of American citizenship." During an East Room ceremony, President Bush recognized 33 Peace Corps trainees preparing to leave for Guatemala and thanked them for dedicating their lives to serving others. This tradition of hosting Peace Corps volunteers for a formal White House send-off before the trainees leave for their service has been continued by every sitting President since Richard Nixon. In conjunction with the White House event, Lozano was interviewed on "Ask the White House," an online interactive forum that allowed the public to interact with Cabinet Secretaries, Senior White House Officials, behind-the-scenes professionals at the White House, and others. On the day before the White House event, Director Lozano joined the President's Council on Service and Civic Participation, the Boys & Girls Club of Greater Washington, and the Corporation for National and Community Service for an event to recognize youth volunteers with the President's Volunteer Service Award for their exemplary community service. The event also launched a new online toolkit, "Youth Engaged in Service: How and Why to Incorporate Volunteer Projects into Your Youth Program", to engage youth from disadvantaged circumstances in volunteer service. The free online toolkit is published at: www.presidentialserviceawards.gov/yes. The President's Volunteer Service Awards On May 16, 2008, USA Freedom Corps Director Lozano joined Marine General James E. Cartwright, Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, along with Mary Jo Myers, a member of the President's Council on Service and Civic Participation, and actor Stephen Baldwin in presenting USA Freedom Corps President's Volunteer Service Awards to seven outstanding members of the armed services. The event took place at the Eisenhower Executive Office Building (EEOB) located next to the West Wing of the White House. "Even though they come from different services and different military components, they have one thing in common: Early in their life, they decided to serve," General Cartwright said. "The recipients are the type of people who devote themselves to their communities. They are the type of behind-the-scenes people who end up (becoming) mayors and policemen (and women)." In January 2003, the President's Council on Service and Civic Participation was established as an initiative of USA Freedom Corps. ¡Soy Unica! ¡Soy Latina! In 2002, Lozano helped design the support materials for "¡Soy Unica! ¡Soy Latina!" an initiative designed to help Latinas age 9 to 14, their mothers, and other caregivers to build self-esteem, improve mental health, decision-making skills, and assertiveness to prevent the abuse of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs. SAMHSA joined with the Hispanic/Latino community to develop educational materials for the initiative. The program, sponsored by SAMHSA (at the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services) and leaders of the Hispanic/Latino community, garnered the support and participation of two prominent Latina community leaders: Florida's First Lady Columba Bush (Governor Jeb Bush's wife) and New York State Health Commissioner and former U.S. Surgeon General Antonia Novello, M.D., agreed to serve as "Madrinas" (godmothers, mentors, spokespersons) for the campaign, whose title translates as "I am unique! I am Latina!" According to SAMHSA's 2001 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, a significant number of Latinas turn to alcohol and illicit drugs. Almost one in five Latinas age 12 to 17 reported past-year illicit drug use. More than one in four reported lifetime use of an illicit drug. Almost one-third, 31 percent, reported past-year alcohol use and 17 percent reported past-year use of cigarettes. Other studies have found Hispanic girls rank higher in rates of pregnancy, depression, and suicide than any other racial or ethnic group. The initiative was kicked off at "A Rally To Remember" at South Miami Middle School on October 19, 2002. Lozano joined Mrs. Bush, Dr. Novello, and SAMHSA Administrator Charles G. Curie, an event to encourage hundreds of Latinas to celebrate their heritage and prevent the use of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs. "We have joined with the Hispanic/Latino community to help parents send a clear and consistent message to their children – that drugs are illegal, dangerous, and addictive," said Charles Curie. "The key is talking with our children early and often." Fundraising for faith-based groups In the Rockefeller Institute interview, Lozano addressed the issue of getting federal funding for faith-based groups. He pointed out the fact that local congregations, mosques, temples and foundations have their own constituent groups that are their support systems and their financial bases. "Within that context, you have these wonderful basins of resources that do not need outside funding to continue what they are doing already," he said. "For instance, when I worked at Teen Challenge, my job as executive director was to generate money. Every dollar raised was private money," he said. "There is a reason for that. Teen Challenge is totally faith-saturated, which means, in most cases, there is nothing that can be federally funded because the whole system is faith-saturated. There was no way an organization like Teen Challenge could leverage federal or state dollars because those dollars cannot be used for the delivery of service, or for technology, that is faith-centered or spiritual. It is important for organizations like Teen Challenge to understand that their best and most secure funding is local and private." National Alcohol and Drug Addiction Recovery Month On April 2, 2003, Lozano, while serving as Co-Chair President's Advisory Commission on Drug-Free Communities, was interviewed for a webcast by Ivette A. Torres, Associate Director for Consumer Affairs at the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment at U.S. Health and Human Services (SAMHSA). The program, timed to commemorate National Alcohol & Drug Addiction Recovery Month, highlighted innovative programs "in our nation’s continuing effort to make substance abuse treatment available to everyone who needs it." Service National While he was a director of Corporation for National and Community Service (CNCS), Lozano also served as a Commissioner for President George W. Bush's Advisory Commission on Drug Free Communities in the Office of National Drug Control Policy. During that time, he actively promoted the President's "Access to Recovery" initiative, a competitive grant program providing federal funds to states and tribal governments for voucher programs that expand access to a range of effective substance abuse clinical treatment and recovery support services, including those provided by faith and community-based programs. Under Lozano's leadership, George H.W. Bush named the Santa Ynez Valley Network for Drug-free Youth, Inc. one of the top ten drug prevention coalitions in the United States, at the President's National Leadership Forum in Washington. Lozano served on the Steering Committee Partners for Recovery at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), and on the National Advisory Council of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's (SAMHSA) Center for Substance Abuse Prevention. He also served as a board member of the Community Anti-Drug Coalitions of America (CADCA). Lozano also served as a presidential elector (member of the Electoral College) from the state of California in 2000. In 2008, Lozano served on the National Advisory Commission on the creation and launch of The LEAGUE, a service and volunteering organization dedicated to making "service to the community as popular in our schools as sports." California In 2004, Lozano was appointed by Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger to serve as a member of the Stakeholders’ Steering Committee for the California Access to Recovery Effort (C.A.R.E.) in service to Kathryn P. Jett, Director of California State Department of Alcohol and Drug Programs. In 2002, Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger appointed Lozano to serve Kathryn P. Jett, Director of California State Department of Alcohol and Drug Programs as a member of the Director's Prevention Advisory Council. In 2008 Schwarzenegger created the first-in-nation state-level cabinet position for service and volunteering. "Government can give direction, it can provide an impetus, but real change has to come from each and every one of us," the Governor said. "We must do everything we can to harness this incredible resource." Barack Obama, in the race for the presidency, praised Governor Schwarzenegger's courageous move, saying, "At this defining moment in our history, the Governor's decision to elevate civic engagement to such an important level reminds us that the call to serve is one that transcends partisanship and has the power to unite this generation around a common purpose." Personal life Henry met his wife Paulette Nagle in 1999 while she was deputy to the director of prevention services for the State of California Alcohol and Drug Programs, a position to which she was appointed by Governor Pete Wilson. The couple was married in a traditional Native American wedding ceremony at the Warm Springs reservation (Oregon) on Easter Sunday, 2004. Henry and Paulette currently live in Long Beach, California. References Assistants to the President of the United States George W. Bush administration personnel 1948 births Living people California Polytechnic State University alumni California Republicans People from Artesia, California People from Calexico, California

<mask> (born August 24, 1948) is a non-profit executive and grassroots organizer. His years of public service culminated in his post at the White House as Deputy Assistant to the President and Director of USA Freedom Corps. On August 10, 2011, he was appointed to serve as the Director of Los Angeles County Teen Challenge and Urban Ministries Initiatives. On September 11, 2007, President George W. Bush asked <mask> to step into the job of Deputy Assistant to the President and director of USA Freedom Corps. In this role, he advanced the "Call to Service" initiative launched by President George W. Bush in his 2002 "State of the Union" address. President George W. Bush created USA Freedom Corps to build on the countless acts of service, sacrifice and generosity that followed the Sept. 11, 2001 attacks. As director, <mask> coordinated service and volunteering efforts with organizations ranging from the Peace Corps and AmeriCorps to the Senior Corps and the Points of Light Foundation.He oversaw creation of the volunteer.gov website (which recently evolved into www.serve.gov, the "central hub" for service and volunteer coordination under President Obama). <mask> is a graduate of Teen Challenge, a spiritually-based recovery program. Throughout his career, he has championed many causes, especially those related to substance abuse prevention and recovery programs. In 2003, George W. Bush invited <mask> to the First Lady's box during his State of the Union address. In his speech, the president said: "Let us bring to all Americans who struggle with drug addiction this message of hope: The miracle of recovery is possible, and it could be you." In 2005, <mask> was awarded the Presidential Call to Service Award in recognition of a lifetime of service. Early life and career <mask> was born in Artesia, California on August 24, 1948.His father was <mask>. "Hank<mask>, Sr. (born in Tyrone, New Mexico, his family came from Chihuahua, Mexico). His mother is Liduvina Quintana <mask>. She was born in Silver City, New Mexico and is of Apache ancestry. <mask>, Sr. was a golden gloves boxer in California and an exhibition boxer during the Second World War. He became a successful rancher and farmer in the Imperial Valley region of California. He died on Easter Sunday in 2009. <mask> grew up in Calexico, California and graduated from Calexico High School in 1966.There, he became friends with Enrique "Kiki" Camarena, who later became a Special Agent for the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). He initially attended college at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo to get his agribusiness degree, with the idea of taking a leadership role in the family farm, but it was the era of the '60s and, like many of his friends, <mask> developed a problem with drug addiction. Teen Challenge In 1974, <mask> joined Teen Challenge, a faith-based, global ministry program for substance abuse treatment. It was an appointment with fate that would change the direction of his life toward service and volunteering. In a speech in the Rose Garden at the White House, President George W. Bush noted that <mask> is a graduate of Teen Challenge. From 1974 to 1985, <mask> served as the director of Teen Challenge in California. The impressive results of Teen Challenge have been applauded by Presidents Reagan, George H.W.Bush, and George W. Bush. George W. Bush, who credits his Christian faith for his own victory over alcohol abuse, has praised Teen Challenge ever since he was Governor of Texas, saying it works "to change people's lives by changing their hearts." Prior to his White House appointment, <mask> was the CEO of Californians for Drug Free Youth, Inc., a grass-roots organization he founded. Native American ancestry <mask> is of Native American and Hispanic ancestry. In an interview with the Rockefeller Institute, he spoke about Teen Challenge and how this experience was colored by his parent's traditional values: "I walked in the Teen Challenge doors in 1974 as a student. My parents were in shock that their first-born son was so far out on a limb with drug use because I was the intended elder in my family." Because of this early experience, <mask> has championed causes at the local, national, and international level, especially those related to substance abuse prevention and recovery programs.In 2000, he was asked to speak at "Mobilizing Parents for Prevention," a plenary session sponsored by the Office of National Drug Control Policy in the Executive Office of the President. <mask> spoke about his family heritage and the importance of the traditional values in guiding and encouraging young people to pursue a life of service and volunteerism. "My father’s side came from Chihuahua, Mexico. My mother’s side are Apache from southwestern New Mexico," he said. "These two people defined for me what I understand today to be an Honorable Son: a son of integrity, a son who responds to the honor of his father’s name, a son who treats his mother with respect. I had a father who worked seven days a week, and a mother who carried a broom seven days a week – not to sweep the floor but to crack it on our backs if we didn’t respond the way we should have while Daddy wasn’t there." "In addition to discipline and guidance from my mother, I also got the praise and the recognition in our community," he noted."Every time mother got up and introduced me, she would tell everybody 50% non-truth by telling them how wonderful I was. And she would tell 50% of the truth… all of those good things that I did in fact do. Why did my mother continue to promote her children in this way? Because she understood that the man she married, <mask>, was a man of integrity, a man of honor, a man of value. And to inspire that in me, she had to continue to reinforce in the public eye, in our community, that I was also a man of integrity. And what did that mean in our family? What impression did that give in our community?It gave other people the impression that her firstborn was a man who was going to carry out his father's ways, to carry on our family's honor. I understood this at an early age. t is the one thing inside of me that has held me true to course, the one thing that advanced me forward." USA Freedom Corps In his 2002 State of the Union Address President Bush asked all Americans to dedicate two years or 4,000 hours over the course of their lives to serving others. USA Freedom Corps, as part of the Executive Office of the President of the United States, was described as a "Coordinating Council... working to strengthen our culture of service and help find opportunities for every American to start volunteering." President George W. Bush created USA Freedom Corps to build on the countless acts of service, sacrifice and generosity that followed the Sept. 11, 2001 attacks. As Director of USA Freedom Corps, <mask> worked cooperatively to orchestrate and coordinate agencies such as the Peace Corps, Citizen Corps, AmeriCorps and Senior Corps to recruit, mobilize, and encourage all Americans to engage in public service.He was charged with implementing President Bush's vision for volunteerism and creating a "culture of service" in America. Echoing the President's Call to Service which he made in his 2002 "State of the Union" address, <mask> worked to promote and expand opportunities for Americans looking to serve causes greater than themselves. <mask> was recognized by the White House as "a leader for his service to our nation." He has worked over the course of his career to ensure Americans understand the value of volunteerism. On September 11, 2007, the date of <mask>'s appointment, Stephen Goldsmith, Chairman of the Board of the Corporation for National and Community Service, said "<mask> has devoted his life to grassroots action and citizen problem-solving." Red Ribbon Week In 1985, <mask>, along with the Californian's for Drug Free Youth Board of Directors, created the first Statewide Red Ribbon Campaign in memory of his high school friend, Enrique "Kiki" Camarena, a Drug Enforcement Administration special agent. While serving in the line of duty, Camarena was tragically murdered by drug traffickers.With the support of Congressman Duncan Hunter and City Councilman David Dhillon, <mask> helped to create and promote "Camarena Clubs" in Imperial Valley, California, Camarena's home. Hundreds of club members pledged to lead drug-free lives to honor the sacrifices made by Camarena and others on behalf of all Americans. From these clubs emerged the Red Ribbon Week campaign, and during the administration of President Bill Clinton it grew into a nationwide service effort that touched the lives of millions of school-aged children. The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration's website says that: "Red Ribbon Week is nationally recognized and celebrated, helping to preserve Special Agent Camarena’s memory and further the cause for which he gave his life. The Red Ribbon Campaign also became a symbol of support for the DEA's efforts to reduce demand for drugs through prevention and education programs. By wearing a red ribbon during the last week in October, Americans demonstrate their ardent opposition to drugs. They pay homage not only to Special Agent Camarena, but to all men and women who have made the ultimate sacrifice in support of our nation’s struggle against drug trafficking and abuse."According to the DEA, approximately 80 million people participate in Red Ribbon events every year. Youth To Youth <mask> was president and CEO of Californians for Drug-free Youth (CAFDY), a non-profit organization working to bring parents, youth, schools and communities together to create and support safe and healthy communities (from 1996 to 2007). At CADFY, <mask> actively supported the "Youth to Youth" movement. Youth to Youth originated in Columbus, Ohio as a high school program in 1982. Its goal is to support and encourage teens to be drug-free. Since 1987, CADFY has sponsored over 300 Youth to Youth conferences in 35 communities throughout California. Youth to Youth empowers young people to become leaders, focusing its programs on issues that teens are most likely to face while growing up today: drugs, alcohol and smoking, negative peer pressure, depression, bullying, relationships, body image, self-concept, and community responsibility.By learning how to spread the message of positive lifestyle choices, teens involved in Youth to Youth are able to find their own paths which are ultimately the foundation for a more peaceful and harmonious world. National Volunteer Week On April 29, 2008, <mask> joined President George W. Bush at the White House for a celebration of "National Volunteer Week" and an event honoring Americans who give of their time to help the less fortunate and create impact in communities at home and around the globe. "I believe strongly in the admonition, 'To whom much is given, much is required'," President Bush said. "Those of you here today are living up to that noble calling. And you carry on the best traditions of American citizenship." During an East Room ceremony, President Bush recognized 33 Peace Corps trainees preparing to leave for Guatemala and thanked them for dedicating their lives to serving others. This tradition of hosting Peace Corps volunteers for a formal White House send-off before the trainees leave for their service has been continued by every sitting President since Richard Nixon.In conjunction with the White House event, <mask> was interviewed on "Ask the White House," an online interactive forum that allowed the public to interact with Cabinet Secretaries, Senior White House Officials, behind-the-scenes professionals at the White House, and others. On the day before the White House event, Director <mask> joined the President's Council on Service and Civic Participation, the Boys & Girls Club of Greater Washington, and the Corporation for National and Community Service for an event to recognize youth volunteers with the President's Volunteer Service Award for their exemplary community service. The event also launched a new online toolkit, "Youth Engaged in Service: How and Why to Incorporate Volunteer Projects into Your Youth Program", to engage youth from disadvantaged circumstances in volunteer service. The free online toolkit is published at: www.presidentialserviceawards.gov/yes. The President's Volunteer Service Awards On May 16, 2008, USA Freedom Corps Director <mask> joined Marine General James E. Cartwright, Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, along with Mary Jo Myers, a member of the President's Council on Service and Civic Participation, and actor Stephen Baldwin in presenting USA Freedom Corps President's Volunteer Service Awards to seven outstanding members of the armed services. The event took place at the Eisenhower Executive Office Building (EEOB) located next to the West Wing of the White House. "Even though they come from different services and different military components, they have one thing in common: Early in their life, they decided to serve," General Cartwright said."The recipients are the type of people who devote themselves to their communities. They are the type of behind-the-scenes people who end up (becoming) mayors and policemen (and women)." In January 2003, the President's Council on Service and Civic Participation was established as an initiative of USA Freedom Corps. ¡Soy Unica! ¡Soy Latina! In 2002, <mask> helped design the support materials for "¡Soy Unica! ¡Soy Latina!"an initiative designed to help Latinas age 9 to 14, their mothers, and other caregivers to build self-esteem, improve mental health, decision-making skills, and assertiveness to prevent the abuse of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs. SAMHSA joined with the Hispanic/Latino community to develop educational materials for the initiative. The program, sponsored by SAMHSA (at the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services) and leaders of the Hispanic/Latino community, garnered the support and participation of two prominent Latina community leaders: Florida's First Lady Columba Bush (Governor Jeb Bush's wife) and New York State Health Commissioner and former U.S. Surgeon General Antonia Novello, M.D., agreed to serve as "Madrinas" (godmothers, mentors, spokespersons) for the campaign, whose title translates as "I am unique! I am Latina!" According to SAMHSA's 2001 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, a significant number of Latinas turn to alcohol and illicit drugs. Almost one in five Latinas age 12 to 17 reported past-year illicit drug use.More than one in four reported lifetime use of an illicit drug. Almost one-third, 31 percent, reported past-year alcohol use and 17 percent reported past-year use of cigarettes. Other studies have found Hispanic girls rank higher in rates of pregnancy, depression, and suicide than any other racial or ethnic group. The initiative was kicked off at "A Rally To Remember" at South Miami Middle School on October 19, 2002. <mask> joined Mrs. Bush, Dr. Novello, and SAMHSA Administrator Charles G. Curie, an event to encourage hundreds of Latinas to celebrate their heritage and prevent the use of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs. "We have joined with the Hispanic/Latino community to help parents send a clear and consistent message to their children – that drugs are illegal, dangerous, and addictive," said Charles Curie. "The key is talking with our children early and often."Fundraising for faith-based groups In the Rockefeller Institute interview, <mask> addressed the issue of getting federal funding for faith-based groups. He pointed out the fact that local congregations, mosques, temples and foundations have their own constituent groups that are their support systems and their financial bases. "Within that context, you have these wonderful basins of resources that do not need outside funding to continue what they are doing already," he said. "For instance, when I worked at Teen Challenge, my job as executive director was to generate money. Every dollar raised was private money," he said. "There is a reason for that. Teen Challenge is totally faith-saturated, which means, in most cases, there is nothing that can be federally funded because the whole system is faith-saturated.There was no way an organization like Teen Challenge could leverage federal or state dollars because those dollars cannot be used for the delivery of service, or for technology, that is faith-centered or spiritual. It is important for organizations like Teen Challenge to understand that their best and most secure funding is local and private." National Alcohol and Drug Addiction Recovery Month On April 2, 2003, <mask>, while serving as Co-Chair President's Advisory Commission on Drug-Free Communities, was interviewed for a webcast by Ivette A. Torres, Associate Director for Consumer Affairs at the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment at U.S. Health and Human Services (SAMHSA). The program, timed to commemorate National Alcohol & Drug Addiction Recovery Month, highlighted innovative programs "in our nation’s continuing effort to make substance abuse treatment available to everyone who needs it." Service National While he was a director of Corporation for National and Community Service (CNCS), <mask> also served as a Commissioner for President George W. Bush's Advisory Commission on Drug Free Communities in the Office of National Drug Control Policy. During that time, he actively promoted the President's "Access to Recovery" initiative, a competitive grant program providing federal funds to states and tribal governments for voucher programs that expand access to a range of effective substance abuse clinical treatment and recovery support services, including those provided by faith and community-based programs. Under <mask>'s leadership, George H.W.Bush named the Santa Ynez Valley Network for Drug-free Youth, Inc. one of the top ten drug prevention coalitions in the United States, at the President's National Leadership Forum in Washington. <mask> served on the Steering Committee Partners for Recovery at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), and on the National Advisory Council of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's (SAMHSA) Center for Substance Abuse Prevention. He also served as a board member of the Community Anti-Drug Coalitions of America (CADCA). <mask> also served as a presidential elector (member of the Electoral College) from the state of California in 2000. In 2008, <mask> served on the National Advisory Commission on the creation and launch of The LEAGUE, a service and volunteering organization dedicated to making "service to the community as popular in our schools as sports." California In 2004, <mask> was appointed by Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger to serve as a member of the Stakeholders’ Steering Committee for the California Access to Recovery Effort (C.A.R.E.) in service to Kathryn P. Jett, Director of California State Department of Alcohol and Drug Programs.In 2002, Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger appointed <mask> to serve Kathryn P. Jett, Director of California State Department of Alcohol and Drug Programs as a member of the Director's Prevention Advisory Council. In 2008 Schwarzenegger created the first-in-nation state-level cabinet position for service and volunteering. "Government can give direction, it can provide an impetus, but real change has to come from each and every one of us," the Governor said. "We must do everything we can to harness this incredible resource." Barack Obama, in the race for the presidency, praised Governor Schwarzenegger's courageous move, saying, "At this defining moment in our history, the Governor's decision to elevate civic engagement to such an important level reminds us that the call to serve is one that transcends partisanship and has the power to unite this generation around a common purpose." Personal life <mask> met his wife Paulette Nagle in 1999 while she was deputy to the director of prevention services for the State of California Alcohol and Drug Programs, a position to which she was appointed by Governor Pete Wilson. The couple was married in a traditional Native American wedding ceremony at the Warm Springs reservation (Oregon) on Easter Sunday, 2004.<mask> and Paulette currently live in Long Beach, California. References Assistants to the President of the United States George W. Bush administration personnel 1948 births Living people California Polytechnic State University alumni California Republicans People from Artesia, California People from Calexico, California

<mask> was born on August 24, 1948 and is a non-profit executive. At the White House, he was the deputy assistant to the president and director of the USA Freedom Corps. He was appointed as the Director of Los Angeles County Teen Challenge on August 10, 2011. On September 11, 2007, President George W. Bush asked him to take on the role of deputy assistant to the president and director of the USA Freedom Corps. The "Call to Service" initiative was launched by President George W. Bush in his 2002 "State of the Union" address. After the 9/11 attacks, President George W. Bush created the USA Freedom Corps. The Points of Light Foundation, the Senior Corps, and the Peace Corps all had service and volunteering efforts coordinated by the director.The central hub for service and volunteer coordination under President Obama was created by him. Teen Challenge is a recovery program. Substance abuse prevention and recovery programs have been championed by him throughout his career. The First Lady's box was invited to the State of the Union address by George W. Bush. The president said in his speech that the miracle of recovery is possible for Americans who struggle with drug addiction. In 2005, he received the Presidential Call to Service Award for his lifetime of service. <mask> was born in California on August 24, 1948.His family came from Mexico and his father was from New Mexico. His mother is a woman. She is of Apache ancestry and was born in Silver City, New Mexico. During the Second World War, Hank was a golden gloves boxer. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He died on Easter Sunday. <mask> graduated from Calexico High School in 1966.He became friends with the man who became a Special Agent for the Drug Enforcement Administration. It was the era of the '60s that <mask> developed a problem with drug addiction, despite the idea of taking a leadership role on the family farm. Teen Challenge is a faith-based, global ministry program for substance abuse treatment. It was an appointment with fate that would change the direction of his life. In a speech in the Rose Garden at the White House, President George W. Bush mentioned that he is a graduate of Teen Challenge. He was the director of Teen Challenge in California from 1974 to 1985. Presidents Reagan and George H.W. applauded the results of Teen Challenge.Bush and W. Bush. Since he was Governor of Texas, George W. Bush has praised Teen Challenge, saying it works to change people's lives by changing their hearts. Prior to his White House appointment, he was the CEO of Californians for Drug Free Youth, Inc., a grass-roots organization he founded. <mask> is of Native American and Hispanic descent. In an interview with the Rockefeller Institute, he spoke about the Teen Challenge and how it was colored by his parent's traditional values: "I walked in the Teen Challenge doors in 1974 as a student." My parents were shocked that their first born son was so far out on a limb with drug use because I was the intended elder in my family. Because of this early experience, <mask> has championed causes at the local, national, and international level, especially those related to substance abuse prevention and recovery programs.The Office of National Drug Control Policy in the Executive Office of the President sponsored the "Mobilizing Parents for Prevention" session in 2000. The importance of the traditional values in guiding and encouraging young people to pursue a life of service and volunteerism was discussed by the man. My father's side came from Mexico. He said that his mother's side were from southwestern New Mexico. "These two people defined for me what an Honorable Son is: a son of integrity, a son who responds to the honor of his father's name, and a son who treats his mother with respect." I had a father who worked seven days a week, and a mother who carried a broom seven days a week, not to sweep the floor, but to crack it on our backs if we didn't respond the way we should have. He said that he got the praise and recognition from his community, as well as the discipline and guidance from his mother.Every time mother introduced me, she would tell them how wonderful I was. She would tell half of the truth. My mother continued to promote her children in this way. She understood that the man she married was a man of integrity, a man of honor, and a man of value. She had to reinforce in the public eye that I was also a man of integrity to inspire that in me. What did that mean to our family? What impression did that make in our community?It made other people think that her firstborn was going to follow in his father's footsteps and carry on our family's honor. At an early age, I understood this. The one thing inside of me that has held me true is the one thing that advanced me forward. In his 2002 State of the Union Address, President Bush asked Americans to devote two years or 4,000 hours over the course of their lives to serve others. The USA Freedom Corps is part of the Executive Office of the President of the United States. After the 9/11 attacks, President George W. Bush created the USA Freedom Corps. The Director of the USA Freedom Corps worked to organize and coordinate agencies such as the Peace Corps, Citizen Corps, AmeriCorps and Senior Corps to recruit, mobilize, and encourage all Americans to engage in public service.He was charged with implementing President Bush's vision for volunteerism and creating a "culture of service" in America. Echoing the President's Call to Service which he made in his 2002 "State of the Union" address, he worked to promote and expand opportunities for Americans looking to serve causes greater than themselves. A leader for his service to our nation was recognized by the White House. Over the course of his career, he has worked to make Americans understand the value of volunteering. Stephen Goldsmith, Chairman of the Board of the Corporation for National and Community Service, said on September 11, 2007, "<mask> has devoted his life to grassroots action and citizen problem-solving." The first Statewide Red Ribbon Campaign was created in memory of a high school friend of <mask>'s who was a Drug Enforcement Administration special agent. Camarena was murdered by drug traffickers while he was in the line of duty.Congressman Duncan Hunter supported the creation and promotion of the "Camarena Clubs" in Imperial Valley, California. Hundreds of club members pledged to lead drug-free lives to honor the sacrifice made by Camarena and others on behalf of all Americans. During the administration of President Bill Clinton, the Red Ribbon Week campaign grew into a nationwide service effort that touched the lives of millions of school-aged children. Red Ribbon Week is celebrated by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration and helps to preserve the memory of the Special Agent who died in the line of duty. The Red Ribbon Campaign became a symbol of support for the Drug Enforcement Administration's efforts to reduce demand for drugs through prevention and education programs. During the last week in October, Americans wear a red ribbon to show their opposition to drugs. They pay homage to all men and women who have made the ultimate sacrifice in support of our nation's struggle against drug traffickers and abuse.80 million people participate in Red Ribbon events every year. From 1996 to 2007, <mask> was the president and CEO of Californians for Drug-free Youth, a non-profit organization that worked to bring parents, youth, schools and communities together to create and support safe and healthy communities. The "Youth to Youth" movement was supported by <mask>. Youth to Youth was a high school program in Columbus, Ohio. It wants to encourage teens to be drug-free. Over 300 Youth to Youth conferences have been sponsored by CADFY. Drugs, alcohol and smoking, negative peer pressure, depression, relationships, body image, self-concept, and community responsibility are some of the issues that teens are most likely to face while growing up today.By learning how to spread the message of positive lifestyle choices, teens involved in Youth to Youth are able to find their own paths which are ultimately the foundation for a more peaceful and harmonious world. Bush at the White House for a celebration of "National Volunteer Week" and an event honoring Americans who give of their time to help the less fortunate and create impact in communities at home and around the globe. President Bush said "I believe strongly in the admonition, 'To whom much is given, much is required'." Those of you here today are living up to your calling. You have the best traditions of American citizenship. During an East Room ceremony, President Bush recognized 33 Peace Corps trainees and thanked them for dedicating their lives to serving others. Every sitting President since Richard Nixon has continued the tradition of hosting Peace Corps volunteers for a formal White House send-off before they leave for their service."Ask the White House," an online interactive forum, allowed the public to interact with Cabinet Secretaries, Senior White House Officials, behind-the-scenes professionals at the White House, and others. The Director joined the President's Council on Service and Civic Participation, the Boys & Girls Club of Greater Washington, and the Corporation for National and Community Service for an event to recognize youth volunteers with the President's Volunteer Service Award. The new online toolkit, "Youth Engaged in Service: How and Why to Incorporating Volunteer Projects into Your Youth Program", was launched at the event. The online toolkit is free. The President's Volunteer Service Awards were held on May 16, 2008, and included the Director of the USA Freedom Corps, the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and a member of the President's Council on Service and Civic Participation. The Eisenhower Executive Office Building is located next to the West Wing of the White House. Early in their life, they decided to serve, even though they come from different services and different military components.People who devote themselves to their communities are the recipients. The type of people who end up becoming mayors and policemen are the behind-the-scenes people. The President's Council on Service and Civic Participation was established in January of 2003 by the USA Freedom Corps. Soy Unica! Soy Latina! The support materials for "Soy Unica! "Soy Latina!"An initiative designed to help Latinas age 9 to 14 their mothers and other caregivers to build self-esteem, improve mental health, decision-making skills, and assertiveness to prevent the abuse of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs. The Hispanic/Latino community joined with SAMHSA to develop educational materials. The program was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and received the support and participation of two prominent Latina community leaders. Antonia Novello, M.D., agreed to serve as "Madrinas" for the campaign, which means "I am unique!" I'm Latina! According to the 2001 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, a significant number of Latinas turn to alcohol and drugs. One in five Latinas have used drugs in the past year.One in four people have used an illegal drug. 31 percent reported past-year alcohol use and 17 percent reported past-year use of cigarettes. Hispanic girls are more likely to be pregnant, depressed, and suicide than any other group. "A Rally To Remember" was held at South Miami Middle School. The event encouraged hundreds of Latinas to celebrate their heritage and prevent the use of alcohol, tobacco, and drugs. "We have joined with the Hispanic/Latino community to help parents send a clear and consistent message to their children that drugs are illegal, dangerous, and addictive," said Charles Curie. Talking with our children early and often is the key.The issue of getting federal funding for faith-based groups was addressed in the Rockefeller Institute interview. He pointed out that the local congregation, mosques, temples and foundations have their own support systems and financial bases. He said that there are basins of resources that don't need outside funding to continue what they are doing. When I worked at Teen Challenge, my job was to make money. He said that every dollar raised was private money. There is a reason for that. The whole system of Teen Challenge is faith-saturated and so there is no federal funding for it.Teen Challenge couldn't leverage federal or state dollars because they couldn't be used for faith-centered or spiritual purposes. It's important for organizations like Teen Challenge to know that their funding is private and local. While serving as Co-Chair of the President's Advisory Commission on Drug-Free Communities, he was interviewed by Ivette A. Torres, Associate Director for Consumer Affairs at the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment at the University. In our nation's continuing effort to make substance abuse treatment available to everyone who needs it, innovative programs were highlighted in the program timed to commemorate National Alcohol & Drug Addiction Recovery Month. He was a Commissioner for President George W. Bush's Advisory Commission on Drug Free Communities in the Office of National Drug Control Policy. He promoted the President's "Access to Recovery" initiative, a competitive grant program providing federal funds to states and tribal governments for voucher programs that expand access to a range of effective substance abuse clinical treatment and recovery support services, including those provided by faith and community-based. George H.W. was under the leadership of Lozano.At the President's National Leadership Forum in Washington, Bush named the Santa Ynez Valley Network for Drug-free Youth, Inc. one of the top ten drug prevention coalitions in the United States. The Steering Committee Partners for Recovery was at the HHS and the National Advisory Council of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Center for Substance Abuse Prevention. He was a board member of the Community Anti- Drug Coalitions of America. In 2000, he was a member of the Electoral College from the state of California. The League is a service and volunteering organization dedicated to making service to the community as popular in our schools as sports. A member of the Stakeholders' Steering Committee for the California Access to Recovery Effort was appointed by the Governor. Jett is the Director of the California State Department of Alcohol and Drug Programs.The director of the California State Department of Alcohol and Drug Programs was a member of the Director's Prevention Advisory Council. The first-in-nation state-level cabinet position for service and volunteering was created in 2008. The Governor said that real change has to come from each and every one of us. We have to do everything we can to harness this incredible resource. At this defining moment in our history, the Governor's decision to elevate civic engagement to such an important level reminds us that the call to serve is one that transcends partisanship and has the power. <mask> met his wife in 1999 while she was deputy to the director of prevention services for the State of California Alcohol and Drug Programs, a position to which she was appointed by Governor Pete Wilson. The couple were married in a traditional Native American wedding ceremony at the Warm Springs reservation.They live in Long Beach, California. People from California and California Republicans are references to the George W. Bush administration personnel.

1161316

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicodemus%20Tessin%20the%20Younger

Nicodemus Tessin the Younger

Count Nicodemus Tessin the Younger (May 23, 1654 – April 10, 1728) was a Swedish Baroque architect, city planner, and administrator. The son of Nicodemus Tessin the Elder and the father of Carl Gustaf Tessin, Tessin the Younger was the middle-most generation of the brief Tessin dynasty, which have had a lasting influence on Swedish architecture and history. Biography Early life Tessin was born on May 23, 1654, as the only child of Nicodemus Tessin the Elder, son of the mayor of Stralsund, and Maria Svan, daughter of the mayor of Västerås. He showed artistic talents at an early age and was given an education in Mathematics and language at Uppsala, where he must have been influenced by Olaus Rudbeck who was at the time highly engaged in the scientific basis of architecture and botany. In 1673, 19 years old, he accompanied Marchese del Monte, the Emissary of Queen Christina, to Italy and Rome, where the royal protection ensured he would get the best teachers available; leading architects of the era such as Carlo Fontana and Gian Lorenzo Bernini. These architects, together with the compulsory study of classical monuments, made a lasting impression on Tessin. Upon his return to Sweden after four years, the Swedish king immediately sent him on a second trip which would last 1677-78 and take him to England and France were prominent architects such as André Le Nôtre and Jean Bérain had a deep impact on Tessin's later decorations and gardens. In 1687-88 he traveled to Rome and back to Sweden through Austria and Germany. During the trip he made extensive notes in a diary describing works of architecture he saw during the journey. Together with his stepbrother Abraham Winands, Tessin actively took part in his father's work, and when Tessin inherited his father's position, he asked to share it with Winands and the two would keep working side by side until the death of Winands in 1709. Work as an architect When Tessin the Elder came to Stockholm, Sweden was still a major European power and Swedish nobility had the funds required to carry through prestigious architectural projects, a situation which changed dramatically with the Reduction through which the nobility lost their financial power and found themselves sidestepped by highly educated public officials who were gradually raised to nobility. As parts of this latter group, Tessin the Elder was raised to lesser nobility in 1674 and Tessin the Younger became count in 1714. However, the Reduction also meant considerably fewer assignments from the nobility, and when Tessin the Younger succeeded his father in 1681, his main clients was the church and the royal court, with the many ambitious palaces and gardens of Queen Hedvig Elenora as the most important projects. In the end of the 1680s, King Charles XI commissioned Tessin to modernise the northern part of the Stockholm Palace, why the architect had the opportunity to do a second study tour, including the Netherlands, France, and Italy. This time, however, he was met with great respect all over the continent, and he later proudly retold the event when King Louis XIV of France had the fountains at the Versailles Palace play upon his visit, a tribute normally only granted foreign princes. During this trip Tessin met Daniel Cronström who became one of his invaluable colleagues and an important contact on the continent as Tessin's projects in Sweden required him to negotiate with manufacturers and artists abroad. Their correspondence has also proven invaluable for later historical research. Upon his return he immediately begun his work on the royal palace, and in 1695 his large-scale northern Baroque façade was completed, apparently inspired by Bernini's project at the Louvre. Ambitions to further renew the palace first came to a halt as the king died, and were then given a completely new perspective as the palace was destroyed by fire in 1697. Tessin was appointed to produce plans for a new palace the day after the fire and he quickly produced a proposal which pleased both the young King Charles XII and his regency. However, as Charles XII left Sweden for his lengthy campaigns on the continent in 1700, works on the palace first progressed slowly and following the devastating Battle of Poltava in 1709 came to a new halt. Even though Tessin spent much of his remaining life producing detailed plans for the palace, it remained incomplete by the time for his death. In 1690, Tessin married his mistress Hedvig Eleonora Stenbock (1658–1714), maid of honour of Queen Hedvig Elenora. However, at this time Tessin still belonged to the lesser nobility and his marriage to a woman from the high nobility was regarded as inappropriate. The marriage therefore had to take place secretly in Pomerania and, to repair the situation, Tessin had to produce a residence in accordance to his wife's status. Works on the Tessin Palace begun in 1694 and initially progressed slowly, but in 1697 Tessin and his family could move in and in 1701, two years after Tessin had been promoted to high nobility, the interior was completed to the extent Tessin could invite the widowed queen and the royal family to a supper. Besides his own palace, the gardens of the Drottningholm Palace and Steninge Palace, both located not far from Stockholm, are often pointed out as his greatest achievements. Later life Most of Tessin's projects as an architect were produced during the 17th century, including several churches such the King Charles' Church in Kungsör and the Holy Trinity Church in Karlskrona, and many of his proposals never were built. During his later life, he played an important role as an administrator and he also produced ambitious city plans for Stockholm in connection to his work for the royal palace. Progeny Tessin the Younger was the father of Carl Gustaf Tessin, one of the most influential Swedish politicians of his time. Carl Erik Tessin Hedvig Tessin von Schwerin Ulrika Maria Tessin Sparre, she was the mother of Fredrik Sparre, who was Lord High Chancellor of Sweden in the 1790s. Selected works Stockholm Palace Tessin Palace, (1694–1700) Steninge Palace Completion of the Drottningholm Palace Gottorp, Schleswig, (1697–1703) Holy Trinity Church, Karlskrona King Charles' Church, Kungsör Västra/Östra boställshuset, Stockholm Notes References https://web.archive.org/web/20100827011423/http://www.sfv.se/cms/sfv/vara_fastigheter/sverige/ab_stockholms_lan/tessinska_palatset.html 1654 births 1728 deaths People from Nyköping Municipality Swedish nobility Swedish people of German descent Swedish Baroque architects 17th-century Swedish people Marshals of the Realm

Count <mask> the <mask> (May 23, 1654 – April 10, 1728) was a Swedish Baroque architect, city planner, and administrator. The son of <mask> the Elder and the father of <mask>, <mask> the <mask> was the middle-most generation of the brief <mask> dynasty, which have had a lasting influence on Swedish architecture and history. Biography Early life <mask> was born on May 23, 1654, as the only child of <mask> the Elder, son of the mayor of Stralsund, and Maria Svan, daughter of the mayor of Västerås. He showed artistic talents at an early age and was given an education in Mathematics and language at Uppsala, where he must have been influenced by Olaus Rudbeck who was at the time highly engaged in the scientific basis of architecture and botany. In 1673, 19 years old, he accompanied Marchese del Monte, the Emissary of Queen Christina, to Italy and Rome, where the royal protection ensured he would get the best teachers available; leading architects of the era such as Carlo Fontana and Gian Lorenzo Bernini. These architects, together with the compulsory study of classical monuments, made a lasting impression on Tessin. Upon his return to Sweden after four years, the Swedish king immediately sent him on a second trip which would last 1677-78 and take him to England and France were prominent architects such as André Le Nôtre and Jean Bérain had a deep impact on Tessin's later decorations and gardens.In 1687-88 he traveled to Rome and back to Sweden through Austria and Germany. During the trip he made extensive notes in a diary describing works of architecture he saw during the journey. Together with his stepbrother Abraham Winands, <mask> actively took part in his father's work, and when <mask> inherited his father's position, he asked to share it with Winands and the two would keep working side by side until the death of Winands in 1709. Work as an architect When <mask> the Elder came to Stockholm, Sweden was still a major European power and Swedish nobility had the funds required to carry through prestigious architectural projects, a situation which changed dramatically with the Reduction through which the nobility lost their financial power and found themselves sidestepped by highly educated public officials who were gradually raised to nobility. As parts of this latter group, <mask> the Elder was raised to lesser nobility in 1674 and <mask> the Younger became count in 1714. However, the Reduction also meant considerably fewer assignments from the nobility, and when <mask> the Younger succeeded his father in 1681, his main clients was the church and the royal court, with the many ambitious palaces and gardens of Queen Hedvig Elenora as the most important projects. In the end of the 1680s, King Charles XI commissioned Tessin to modernise the northern part of the Stockholm Palace, why the architect had the opportunity to do a second study tour, including the Netherlands, France, and Italy.This time, however, he was met with great respect all over the continent, and he later proudly retold the event when King Louis XIV of France had the fountains at the Versailles Palace play upon his visit, a tribute normally only granted foreign princes. During this trip <mask> met Daniel Cronström who became one of his invaluable colleagues and an important contact on the continent as <mask>'s projects in Sweden required him to negotiate with manufacturers and artists abroad. Their correspondence has also proven invaluable for later historical research. Upon his return he immediately begun his work on the royal palace, and in 1695 his large-scale northern Baroque façade was completed, apparently inspired by Bernini's project at the Louvre. Ambitions to further renew the palace first came to a halt as the king died, and were then given a completely new perspective as the palace was destroyed by fire in 1697. <mask> was appointed to produce plans for a new palace the day after the fire and he quickly produced a proposal which pleased both the young King Charles XII and his regency. However, as Charles XII left Sweden for his lengthy campaigns on the continent in 1700, works on the palace first progressed slowly and following the devastating Battle of Poltava in 1709 came to a new halt.Even though <mask> spent much of his remaining life producing detailed plans for the palace, it remained incomplete by the time for his death. In 1690, <mask> married his mistress Hedvig Eleonora Stenbock (1658–1714), maid of honour of Queen Hedvig Elenora. However, at this time <mask> still belonged to the lesser nobility and his marriage to a woman from the high nobility was regarded as inappropriate. The marriage therefore had to take place secretly in Pomerania and, to repair the situation, Tessin had to produce a residence in accordance to his wife's status. Works on the Tessin Palace begun in 1694 and initially progressed slowly, but in 1697 <mask> and his family could move in and in 1701, two years after Tessin had been promoted to high nobility, the interior was completed to the extent Tessin could invite the widowed queen and the royal family to a supper. Besides his own palace, the gardens of the Drottningholm Palace and Steninge Palace, both located not far from Stockholm, are often pointed out as his greatest achievements. Later life Most of <mask>'s projects as an architect were produced during the 17th century, including several churches such the King Charles' Church in Kungsör and the Holy Trinity Church in Karlskrona, and many of his proposals never were built.During his later life, he played an important role as an administrator and he also produced ambitious city plans for Stockholm in connection to his work for the royal palace. Progeny <mask> the <mask> was the father of Carl Gustaf <mask>, one of the most influential Swedish politicians of his time. Carl Erik Tessin Hedvig <mask> von Schwerin Ulrika <mask> Sparre, she was the mother of Fredrik Sparre, who was Lord High Chancellor of Sweden in the 1790s. Selected works Stockholm Palace Tessin Palace, (1694–1700) Steninge Palace Completion of the Drottningholm Palace Gottorp, Schleswig, (1697–1703) Holy Trinity Church, Karlskrona King Charles' Church, Kungsör Västra/Östra boställshuset, Stockholm Notes References https://web.archive.org/web/20100827011423/http://www.sfv.se/cms/sfv/vara_fastigheter/sverige/ab_stockholms_lan/tessinska_palatset.html 1654 births 1728 deaths People from Nyköping Municipality Swedish nobility Swedish people of German descent Swedish Baroque architects 17th-century Swedish people Marshals of the Realm

The Count was an architect, city planner, and administrator. The middle-most generation of the brief Tessin dynasty has had a lasting influence on Swedish architecture and history. The only child of the mayor of Stralsund and the daughter of the mayor of Vsters was born on May 23, 1654. He showed artistic talents at an early age and was given an education in mathematics and language at Uppsala, where he was influenced by a man who was highly engaged in the scientific basis of architecture and botany. When he was 19 years old, he accompanied Marchese del Monte, the Emissary of Queen Christina, to Italy and Rome, where the royal protection ensured he would get the best teachers available. The compulsory study of classical monuments made a lasting impression on Tessin. After four years in Sweden, the king sent him on a second trip which would take him to England and France, and he had an impact on the decorations.He traveled to Rome and back to Sweden through Austria and Germany. He kept a diary of the architecture he saw during the trip. Together with his stepbrother Abraham Winands, <mask> actively took part in his father's work, and when he took over his father's position, he asked to share it with Winands. Sweden was still a major European power and the nobility had the funds to carry through prestigious architectural projects, a situation which changed dramatically with the Reduction through which the nobility lost their financial power and found themselves sidestepped by highly educated public. The Elder and Younger were raised to lesser nobility in 1674 and 1714, respectively. The church and the royal court were the main clients of <mask> the <mask> when he succeeded his father in 1681, with the many ambitious palaces and gardens of Queen Hedvig Elenora as the most important projects. The architect had the chance to do a second study tour, including the Netherlands, France, and Italy, after being commissioned by King Charles XI to modernise the northern part of the Stockholm Palace.This time, however, he was met with great respect all over the continent, and he later proudly recounted the event when King Louis XIV of France had the fountains at the Versailles Palace play upon his visit, a tribute normally only granted foreign princes. During this trip, Daniel Cronstrm became one of the important contacts on the continent as he was required to negotiate with manufacturers and artists abroad. Their correspondence has been used for historical research. His large-scale northern Baroque faade was completed in 1695, apparently inspired by Bernini's project at the Louvre. As the king died and the palace was destroyed by fire in 1697, there was a halt to further renewal of the palace. The young King Charles XII was pleased with the proposal that was quickly produced by Tessin, who was appointed to produce plans for a new palace the day after the fire. The Battle of Poltava in 1709 halted the works on the palace after Charles XII left Sweden.By the time of his death, the plans for the palace were incomplete. The maid of honour of Queen Hedvig Elenora was married to <mask>. At this time, his marriage to a woman from the high nobility was considered inappropriate because he still belonged to the lesser nobility. To repair the situation, the marriage had to take place secretly in Pomerania and the residence had to be in accordance with his wife's status. The interior of the palace was completed in 1701, two years after <mask> had been promoted to high nobility, after his family could move in. The gardens of the Drottningholm Palace and Steninge Palace are often referred to as his greatest achievements. Several churches, including the King Charles' Church in Kungsr and the Holy Trinity Church in Karlskrona, were built during the 17th century but were never built.He worked for the royal palace and produced ambitious city plans for Stockholm in connection to his work as an administrator. One of the most influential Swedish politicians of his time was the father of Progeny <mask> the Younger. Her son was the Lord High Chancellor of Sweden in the 1790s. The Holy Trinity Church, Karlskrona King Charles' Church, and the Steninge Palace are some of the works that have been selected.

28477011

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Tutte

Andrew Tutte

Andrew William Tutte (born 21 September 1990) is an English professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for EFL League One club Bolton Wanderers. He has also played in the English Football League for Rochdale, Shrewsbury Town, Yeovil Town, Bury, and Morecambe. Club career Early career Tutte was born in Huyton, Merseyside. He began his career at Manchester City since 1999, where he come through the ranks at City and was a star of the club's FA Youth Cup team. On 9 July 2010, Tutte signed a one-year contract extension to keep him at the club until next year. The club had announced that they decide to loan out Tutte next season to get first-team action. Loan spells A number of clubs interested signing Tutte availability, with a host of League One and League Two sides expressing an interest in landing the player on loan. However, Rochdale won the race to sign him on loan until January. He made his Rochdale debut on 21 August 2010 as a substitute for Joe Thompson in a League One game against Colchester United. On 28 August 2010 in a match against Brentford which Rochdale won 3–1, Tutte provided a double assist in a match for Anthony Elding and Jason Kennedy respectively. Tutte made his last appearance for the club as a substitute for Jason Kennedy in a 1–0 loss against Exeter City. After being recalled by his parents club, Tutte made 9 appearance for them. Having been recalled Manchester City, Tutte made his appearance in the reserve for Manchester City where he played 90 minutes against clubs rival Manchester United in a 1–1 draw. After the game, he soon went out on loan again to Shrewsbury Town with Tutte now set to drop down to League Two to link up with the Shrews on 25 November 2010 which was the deadline of loan and free transfers. Following the move, Tutte stated he wants to impress parent club Manchester City. After not being used for months at Shrewsbury Town but on 1 January 2011, Tutte finally made his debut against Burton Albion in a 0–0 draw where he played 90 minutes and played again 2 days later on 3 January 2011 when Shrewsbury lose to Crewe Alexandra 1–0 which was his last appearance before returning to his parent club. After once again back at the club, Tutte joining Yeovil Town, again on-loan, until the end of the season on 1 February 2011. On 15 February 2011, Tutte made his debut for the club in a 2–0 loss against Peterborough United where he made his first start and played 90 minutes. At Yeovil, Tutte later became a regular starter for Yeovil. On 25 April 2011, Tutte scored his first professional league goal in a 2–2 draw against Peterborough, to prevent from Peterborough winning the game. On 30 April 2011, Tutte scored his second goal and provided assist for Andy Welsh in a 4–2 win over Colchester United. His last appearance for the club was against Carlisle United which they won 2–0 when he was a substitute for Ed Upson. At the end of the season, Yeovil Town expected to resign Tutte ahead of the 2011–12 season, which manager Terry Skiverton described his performance as "outstanding". However, Tutte move to Yeovil Town has collapsed, following talks with the player agent. Rochdale At the end of the 2010–11 season campaign, Manchester City released Andrew Tutte after his contract expired. After his release, three teams battled for his signature which were his previous loan clubs. Also interested were Scunthorpe United. But on 24 June 2011, he signed a two-year deal at Rochdale along with Simon Hackney and beating them for Tutte. Tutte opted to move Rochdale because he swayed by the chance to work with new manager Steve Eyre again following their time together at City. Tutte said the club website on Eyre "I'm made up to be coming back at Spotland and back working with Steve, I cannot wait to meet the rest of the lads and get back in training. I really enjoyed my loan spell here, it was a very good learning experience for me and the club is certainly moving in the right direction and I would love to be a part of the team that goes one better than last season. Steve knows how to get the best out of me, there will be plenty of competition for places and that means you stay on top of your game. When you get the opportunity you have to be ready to take it and I'll be working hard to earn my place in the team." 6 months later, his time with Eyre ended when he was sacked with the club in 22nd place in League One. Unlike the previous loan spell, Tutte began to get more playing time with 40 appearance and scoring 1. On 6 August 2011, Tutte made his re-debut for the club in a 2–0 loss against Sheffield Wednesday before coming off for Chris O'Grady which was last appearance before joining them. On 10 September 2011, Tutte provided assist for Ashley Grimes to score an opener in a 4–2 win over Bury. On 6 March 2012, Tutte provided assist for Jason Kennedy again to score the only goal for the club in a match against Carlisle which they lost 2–1. The next game on 10 March 2012, Tutte scored his first goal for Rochdale with a maiden strike in a 2–2 draw against Huddersfield Town. His goal was later a Goal of the season at Rochdale's end-of-season awards on Sunday night on 29 April 2012. Eventually, Tutte couldn't save Rochdale and was relegated after losing 2–1 against Chesterfield. After the 2011–12 season, The club revealed Tutte would remain as Rochdale player under contract for the next season. On 4 June 2013 Tutte further extended his Rochdale career when he signed a two-year contract. In the 2012–13 season, Tutte scored his first goal of the season, in the first round of the League Cup, in a 4–3 loss against Barnsley. Meanwhile, in the league, he make a perfect start by scoring twice in four appearances despite picking up five points so far in the league. In October 2012, Tutte was nominated for September's Player of the Month awards. Unfortunately, Tutte would lose out to Port Vale's Tom Pope. From there, Tutte continued to be a regular in the first team despite change of management, with return of Keith Hill. Towards the end of the season, Tutte will miss the remainder of the season, with a knee problem. Tutte have previously suffered injuries in March. In Conclusion to the season, Tutte would make thirty appearances and scored seven. Tutte signed a new two-year deal with the club, having been offered a new deal in late-April. In the 2013–14 season, Tutte started the season a very good start when he scored in a 2–2 draw against Chesterfield on 17 August 2013. Tutte then scored another on 28 November 2013, in a 3–1 win over Exeter City. However, Tutte had his first team opportunities limited once again by Manager Hill and released by the club on 23 January 2014. Bury Tutte joined Bury on a free transfer on 24 January 2014 after leaving Rochdale. A week after signing for the club, Tutte made his debut on 1 February 2014, and played the full 90 minutes in a 1–0 win over Wycombe Wanderers. Tutte scored his first goal for the club on 18 April 2014, in a 4–0 win over Plymouth Argyle. At the end of the season, in which Tutte became a first team regular, Tutte had his contract extended when the club took up a retaining option. In his second season at Bury, Tutte continued to be a regular in the first-team under the management of David Flitcroft and scored his first goal of the season in a FA Cup First Round 3–1 win over Hemel Hempstead Town on 8 November 2014. Tutte then scored two goals in two games, in a 2–2 draw against York City on 20 December 2014 and then in a 3–2 win over Northampton Town on 26 December 2014. Tutte scored his first goal in two months on 21 February 2015, in a 1–0 win over Hartlepool United. Two days after scoring against Hartlepool United, Tutte signed a two-year contract extension, keeping him until 2017. Manager Flitcroft expressed satisfaction at Tutte's decision to sign and believed the player would help make Bolton a better team. He was released by Bury at the end of the 2017–18 season. Morecambe Following his release by relegated Bury, Tutte signed for fellow League Two club Morecambe on 29 June 2018 on a two-year contract. Tutte was made available to find a new club in January 2020 due to limited first-team opportunities. Tutte was released in June 2020. Bolton Wanderers On 3 September 2020 Tutte signed for newly relegated League Two team Bolton Wanderers on a one-year contract after a successful trial and was assigned the number 18 shirt. He turned down League One team Accrington Stanley in order to sign for Bolton. His debut came on 12 September as he came on as a late substitute for Tom White in a 0–1 home defeat against Forest Green Rovers in Bolton's first EFL League Two match of the 2020–21 season. On 28 May 2021 he signed a new one year contract. International career Tutte has been part of the England set-up at under-20 level. Career statistics Honours Bury Football League Two third-place promotion: 2014–15 England U19 UEFA European Under-19 Championship runner-up: 2009 Bolton Wanderers EFL League Two third-place promotion: 2020–21 References External links Profile at the Morecambe F.C. website 1990 births Living people People from Huyton Footballers from Merseyside English footballers England youth international footballers Association football midfielders Manchester City F.C. players Rochdale A.F.C. players Shrewsbury Town F.C. players Yeovil Town F.C. players Bury F.C. players Morecambe F.C. players Bolton Wanderers F.C. players English Football League players

<mask> (born 21 September 1990) is an English professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for EFL League One club Bolton Wanderers. He has also played in the English Football League for Rochdale, Shrewsbury Town, Yeovil Town, Bury, and Morecambe. Club career Early career <mask> was born in Huyton, Merseyside. He began his career at Manchester City since 1999, where he come through the ranks at City and was a star of the club's FA Youth Cup team. On 9 July 2010, Tutte signed a one-year contract extension to keep him at the club until next year. The club had announced that they decide to loan out Tutte next season to get first-team action. Loan spells A number of clubs interested signing Tutte availability, with a host of League One and League Two sides expressing an interest in landing the player on loan.However, Rochdale won the race to sign him on loan until January. He made his Rochdale debut on 21 August 2010 as a substitute for Joe Thompson in a League One game against Colchester United. On 28 August 2010 in a match against Brentford which Rochdale won 3–1, Tutte provided a double assist in a match for Anthony Elding and Jason Kennedy respectively. Tutte made his last appearance for the club as a substitute for Jason Kennedy in a 1–0 loss against Exeter City. After being recalled by his parents club, Tutte made 9 appearance for them. Having been recalled Manchester City, <mask> made his appearance in the reserve for Manchester City where he played 90 minutes against clubs rival Manchester United in a 1–1 draw. After the game, he soon went out on loan again to Shrewsbury Town with Tutte now set to drop down to League Two to link up with the Shrews on 25 November 2010 which was the deadline of loan and free transfers.Following the move, <mask> stated he wants to impress parent club Manchester City. After not being used for months at Shrewsbury Town but on 1 January 2011, <mask> finally made his debut against Burton Albion in a 0–0 draw where he played 90 minutes and played again 2 days later on 3 January 2011 when Shrewsbury lose to Crewe Alexandra 1–0 which was his last appearance before returning to his parent club. After once again back at the club, <mask> joining Yeovil Town, again on-loan, until the end of the season on 1 February 2011. On 15 February 2011, <mask> made his debut for the club in a 2–0 loss against Peterborough United where he made his first start and played 90 minutes. At Yeovil, <mask> later became a regular starter for Yeovil. On 25 April 2011, <mask> scored his first professional league goal in a 2–2 draw against Peterborough, to prevent from Peterborough winning the game. On 30 April 2011, <mask> scored his second goal and provided assist for Andy Welsh in a 4–2 win over Colchester United.His last appearance for the club was against Carlisle United which they won 2–0 when he was a substitute for Ed Upson. At the end of the season, Yeovil Town expected to resign <mask> ahead of the 2011–12 season, which manager Terry Skiverton described his performance as "outstanding". However, Tutte move to Yeovil Town has collapsed, following talks with the player agent. Rochdale At the end of the 2010–11 season campaign, Manchester City released <mask> after his contract expired. After his release, three teams battled for his signature which were his previous loan clubs. Also interested were Scunthorpe United. But on 24 June 2011, he signed a two-year deal at Rochdale along with Simon Hackney and beating them for Tutte.Tutte opted to move Rochdale because he swayed by the chance to work with new manager Steve Eyre again following their time together at City. Tutte said the club website on Eyre "I'm made up to be coming back at Spotland and back working with Steve, I cannot wait to meet the rest of the lads and get back in training. I really enjoyed my loan spell here, it was a very good learning experience for me and the club is certainly moving in the right direction and I would love to be a part of the team that goes one better than last season. Steve knows how to get the best out of me, there will be plenty of competition for places and that means you stay on top of your game. When you get the opportunity you have to be ready to take it and I'll be working hard to earn my place in the team." 6 months later, his time with Eyre ended when he was sacked with the club in 22nd place in League One. Unlike the previous loan spell, Tutte began to get more playing time with 40 appearance and scoring 1.On 6 August 2011, <mask> made his re-debut for the club in a 2–0 loss against Sheffield Wednesday before coming off for Chris O'Grady which was last appearance before joining them. On 10 September 2011, Tutte provided assist for Ashley Grimes to score an opener in a 4–2 win over Bury. On 6 March 2012, <mask> provided assist for Jason Kennedy again to score the only goal for the club in a match against Carlisle which they lost 2–1. The next game on 10 March 2012, <mask> scored his first goal for Rochdale with a maiden strike in a 2–2 draw against Huddersfield Town. His goal was later a Goal of the season at Rochdale's end-of-season awards on Sunday night on 29 April 2012. Eventually, Tutte couldn't save Rochdale and was relegated after losing 2–1 against Chesterfield. After the 2011–12 season, The club revealed Tutte would remain as Rochdale player under contract for the next season.On 4 June 2013 <mask> further extended his Rochdale career when he signed a two-year contract. In the 2012–13 season, <mask> scored his first goal of the season, in the first round of the League Cup, in a 4–3 loss against Barnsley. Meanwhile, in the league, he make a perfect start by scoring twice in four appearances despite picking up five points so far in the league. In October 2012, <mask> was nominated for September's Player of the Month awards. Unfortunately, <mask> would lose out to Port Vale's Tom Pope. From there, <mask> continued to be a regular in the first team despite change of management, with return of Keith Hill. Towards the end of the season, <mask> will miss the remainder of the season, with a knee problem.Tutte have previously suffered injuries in March. In Conclusion to the season, Tutte would make thirty appearances and scored seven. Tutte signed a new two-year deal with the club, having been offered a new deal in late-April. In the 2013–14 season, Tutte started the season a very good start when he scored in a 2–2 draw against Chesterfield on 17 August 2013. Tutte then scored another on 28 November 2013, in a 3–1 win over Exeter City. However, Tutte had his first team opportunities limited once again by Manager Hill and released by the club on 23 January 2014. Bury Tutte joined Bury on a free transfer on 24 January 2014 after leaving Rochdale.A week after signing for the club, <mask> made his debut on 1 February 2014, and played the full 90 minutes in a 1–0 win over Wycombe Wanderers. <mask> scored his first goal for the club on 18 April 2014, in a 4–0 win over Plymouth Argyle. At the end of the season, in which <mask> became a first team regular, Tutte had his contract extended when the club took up a retaining option. In his second season at Bury, <mask> continued to be a regular in the first-team under the management of David Flitcroft and scored his first goal of the season in a FA Cup First Round 3–1 win over Hemel Hempstead Town on 8 November 2014. <mask> then scored two goals in two games, in a 2–2 draw against York City on 20 December 2014 and then in a 3–2 win over Northampton Town on 26 December 2014. <mask> scored his first goal in two months on 21 February 2015, in a 1–0 win over Hartlepool United. Two days after scoring against Hartlepool United, <mask> signed a two-year contract extension, keeping him until 2017.Manager Flitcroft expressed satisfaction at <mask>'s decision to sign and believed the player would help make Bolton a better team. He was released by Bury at the end of the 2017–18 season. Morecambe Following his release by relegated Bury, Tutte signed for fellow League Two club Morecambe on 29 June 2018 on a two-year contract. Tutte was made available to find a new club in January 2020 due to limited first-team opportunities. Tutte was released in June 2020. Bolton Wanderers On 3 September 2020 <mask> signed for newly relegated League Two team Bolton Wanderers on a one-year contract after a successful trial and was assigned the number 18 shirt. He turned down League One team Accrington Stanley in order to sign for Bolton.His debut came on 12 September as he came on as a late substitute for Tom White in a 0–1 home defeat against Forest Green Rovers in Bolton's first EFL League Two match of the 2020–21 season. On 28 May 2021 he signed a new one year contract. International career <mask> has been part of the England set-up at under-20 level. Career statistics Honours Bury Football League Two third-place promotion: 2014–15 England U19 UEFA European Under-19 Championship runner-up: 2009 Bolton Wanderers EFL League Two third-place promotion: 2020–21 References External links Profile at the Morecambe F.C. website 1990 births Living people People from Huyton Footballers from Merseyside English footballers England youth international footballers Association football midfielders Manchester City F.C. players Rochdale A.F.C. players Shrewsbury Town F.C.players Yeovil Town F.C. players Bury F.C. players Morecambe F.C. players Bolton Wanderers F.C. players English Football League players

<mask> is an English professional footballer who plays for a club in the English Football League. He played for Rochdale in the English Football League. <mask> was born in the area. He was a star of the club's FA Youth Cup team and began his career at Manchester City. Tutte signed a one-year contract extension on July 9, 2010, keeping him at the club until next year. <mask> will be going on a loan to get first-team action next season. A number of League One and League Two clubs are interested in signing Tutte on a loan.Rochdale won the race to sign him on a loan. He made his Rochdale debut as a substitute for Joe Thompson in a League One game. On August 28, 2010, Tutte provided a double assist in a match between Rochdale and Brentford, which Rochdale won 3–1. <mask> made his last appearance for the club as a substitute in a 1–0 loss. <mask> made 9 appearances for his parents club after being recalled. Tutte played 90 minutes for Manchester City in the reserves against Manchester United in a 1–1 draw. He went out on loan again to the Shrews after the game, which was the deadline of loan and free transfers.Tutte wants to impress his parent club. After not being used for months at Shrewd Town, <mask> finally made his debut in a 0–0 draw against Burton Albion on January 1st, 2011; he played 90 minutes and played again 2 days later on January 3rd, 2011; his last appearance was a 1–0 loss After once again returning to the club, Tutte joined Yeovil Town on-loan until the end of the season on February 1, 2011. <mask> made his debut for the club in a 2–0 loss against Peterborough United where he played 90 minutes. <mask> was a regular starter for Yeovil. <mask> scored his first professional league goal in a 2–2 draw against Peterborough to prevent them from winning the game. <mask> scored his second goal and provided an assist for Andy Welsh in a 4–2 win over Colchester United.His last appearance for the club was when he was a substitute for Ed Upson. Terry Skiverton described <mask>'s performance as "outstanding" at the end of the season, when he was expected to resign. <mask>'s move to Yeovil Town collapsed after talks with the player agent. <mask> was released by Manchester City at the end of the 2010–11 season. His previous loan clubs battled for his signature after his release. They were also interested. He signed a two-year deal with Rochdale on June 24, 2011.Tutte was swayed by the chance to work with Steve Eyre again after they worked together at City. Tutte said on the club website that he couldn't wait to return to Spotland and work with Steve again. I enjoyed my loan spell here and the club is moving in the right direction and I would love to be a part of the team that goes one better than last season. Steve knows how to get the best out of me, there will be plenty of competition for places, and that means you stay on top of your game. I will be working hard to earn my place in the team when I get the chance. His time with the club ended when they were in 22nd place in League One. Tutte started to get more playing time with 40 appearances and 1 goal.Tutte made his re-debut for the club in a 2–0 loss against Wednesday before coming off for Chris O'Grady which was his last appearance before joining them. In a 4–2 win over Bury on September 10, 2011, Tutte gave 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 888-353-1299 The only goal for the club in a match against Carlisle was scored by Tutte and he provided an assist for Kennedy. Tutte scored his first goal for Rochdale on 10 March 2012 in a 2–2 draw against Huddersfield Town. His goal at Rochdale's end-of-season awards was a Goal of the season. Rochdale was demoted after losing 2–1 to Chesterfield. Tutte will remain as a Rochdale player for the next season.Tutte signed a two-year contract with Rochdale. <mask> scored his first goal of the season in the first round of the League Cup. He made a perfect start in the league by scoring twice in four appearances and picking up five points. <mask> was nominated for September's Player of the month. Tutte was defeated by Port Vale's Tom Pope. Tutte was a regular in the first team despite the change of management. Tutte will miss the rest of the season due to a knee problem.Tutte had injuries in March. Tutte made thirty appearances and scored seven. <mask> was offered a new two-year deal by the club in late April. Tutte had a good start to the season when he scored in a 2–2 draw against Chesterfield. <mask> scored his second goal on November 28, 2013, in a 3–1 win over Exeter City. <mask> was released by the club on January 23, 2014, after Manager Hill limited his first team opportunities again. <mask> left Rochdale on a free transfer to join Bury.<mask> made his debut for the club in February of last year, playing the full 90 minutes in a 1–0 win over Wycombe. <mask> scored his first goal for the club in a 4–0 win over Argyle. <mask>'s contract was extended when the club took up a retaining option after he became a first team regular. <mask> scored his first goal of the season in the FA Cup First Round 3–1 win over Hemel Hempstead Town on 8 November 2014). <mask> scored two goals in two games, in a 2–2 draw against York City and then in a 3–2 win over Northampton Town. <mask> scored his first goal in two months in a 1–0 win over Hartlepool United. <mask> signed a two-year contract extension two days after scoring a goal.The manager believed that the player would help make the team a better one. He was released at the end of the season. <mask> signed for another League Two club, Morecambe, on a two-year contract after his release from Bury. Tutte was made available to find a new club in January 2020 due to limited first-team opportunities. <mask> was released in June 2020. <mask> signed a one-year contract with the newly promoted League Two team on September 3, 2020 and was assigned the number 18 shirt. He turned down a chance to play for Stanley in order to join the Trotters.He made his debut as a late substitute for Tom White in a 0–1 home defeat against Forest Green in the first match of the 2020–21 season. He signed a new contract on May 28, 2021. Tutte was part of the England set-up at under-20 level. There are career statistics for Bury Football League Two third-place promotion and the England U19 European Under-19 Championship runner-up. There are people from the area who play football and are associated with Manchester City F.C. The players are from Rochdale A.F.C. The players are from Shrewsbury Town F.C.The players are from Yeovil Town F.C. The players are from Bury F.C. The players are from Morecambe F.C. The players are from the F.C. Football players from England.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonid%20Kadeniuk

Leonid Kadeniuk

Leonid Kostyantynovych Kadenyuk (, 28 January 1951 – 31 January 2018) was the first astronaut of independent Ukraine who flew into outer space. He flew on NASA's Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997 as part of the international mission STS-87. Kadenyuk held the rank of Major general in the Ukrainian Air Force. He was Deputy of Ukraine of the 4th convocation, People's Ambassador of Ukraine, Hero of Ukraine, President of the Aerospace Society of Ukraine, Adviser to the Prime Minister of Ukraine and Chairman of the State Space Agency of Ukraine, Honorary Doctor of Chernivtsi National University. Biography Leonid Kadenyuk was born on 28 January 1951 in the village of Klishkivtsi, Khotyn district, Chernivtsi region in a family of rural teachers. In 1967, after graduating from high school with a silver medal, he entered the Chernihiv Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots. After graduating from the Aviation School in 1971 and receiving a diploma of a pilot-engineer in the specialty "Piloting and operation of aircraft" he worked as a pilot-instructor Kadenyuk was a Soviet military pilot. He began his service in the Soviet Air Forces and was selected in 1976 for the Soviet Cosmonaut Corps being on a team of test pilots of the Soviet new space shuttle Buran, but was removed after marital issues. He was allowed to rejoin the Cosmonaut Detachment several years later. With the break-up of the Soviet Union, Kadenyuk remained in the Russian Space Forces and adopted Ukrainian citizenship. In 1995, during the preparation of the first Ukrainian space mission, he volunteered to take part and returned to his homeland. In 1977 he graduated from the Test Pilot Training Center. He received a diploma and qualification "test pilot". In 1977–1979, he underwent general space training and qualified as a test astronaut. 1984–1988 – test pilot of the State Research Institute of the USSR Air Force. 1989 – graduated from the Moscow Aviation Institute – Faculty of Aircraft. 1988–1990 – underwent engineering and flight training under the Buran program as its commander. He took part in working out the glide path of descent for landing the spacecraft "Buran" on MiG-31 and MiG-25 aircraft. 1990–1992, under the full program, he was trained as the commander of the transport ship Soyuz-TM. During the preparation for space flights and in the process of test work he underwent unique engineering and flight training. He studied the Soyuz, Soyuz-TM, Buran spacecraft, the Salyut orbital station, the Mir orbital complex, and the US Space Shuttle. He participated in the development and testing of aerospace systems, in their sketch and layout design, as well as in flight tests of systems. He flew more than 50 types and modifications of aircraft for various purposes, mainly on fighters, as well as on the American training aircraft Northrop T-38. During the preparation for space flights he was trained to conduct scientific experiments on board spacecraft in various fields: biology, medicine, metrology, ecology, study of natural resources of the Earth from space, geology, astronomy, geobotany. In 1995 he was selected to the group of astronauts of the National Space Agency of Ukraine. Preparing for space flight, from April to October 1996 he worked as a researcher at the Department of Phytohormonology of the Kholodny Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine He was trained by NASA for a space flight on the US reusable spacecraft Columbia STS-87 as a payload specialist. Yaroslav Pustovy became Kadenyuk's backup.There were two main candidates for the mission, the other being Yaroslav Pustovyi, a civil Ukrainian scientist in space research. Kadeniuk was chosen as better-trained and accustomed to space mission organization. From 19 November to 5 December 1997, he made a space flight on the American BTCK "Columbia" mission STS-87. After the flight, Leonid Kadeniuk continued his Ukrainian space program career in the State Space Agency of Ukraine. Since 1998 – Major general of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, Deputy Inspector General of the General Military Inspectorate under the President of Ukraine for Aviation and Cosmonautics. In the 2002 parliamentary election, he was elected to the Verkhovna Rada in the list of pro-Kuchma United Ukraine Bloc. Later, Kadeniuk joined the "Trudova Ukrayina – Industrialists and Entrepreneurs" faction, but had not been politically active. He worked within parliament's Committee on Defense and National Security. In the 2006 parliamentary election, Kadenyuk was No. 3 in the electoral party list of Lytvyn's People's Bloc, but the block won only 2.44% of the popular vote (short of the required 3%) and no seats in the parliament. Kadenyuk died on 31 January 2018, three days after turning 67. He was interred in the central avenue of Kyiv's Baikove Cemetery. On 2 February 2018, the farewell ceremony occurred in Kyiv in the Club of Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine building. Author of five scientific papers The book "Mission – Space", published in 2009 by Pulsary Publishing House, won first place in the Book of the Year 2009 competition in the Horizons category. The book was republished in 2017 by Novy Druk Publishing House. Interesting Facts About preparation for space flights Skydiving is considered as a kind of simulator – a means of psychological training of astronauts. Leonid Kadenyuk says "Frankly speaking, I never had a passionate love for jumping. I made them because it was required." About the spacecraft "Colombia" Construction of "Colombia" began in 1975. During its existence, "Colombia" has made 28 flights: The first flight took place on 12 April 1981; The 24th flight took place with the participation of Leonid Kadenyuk on 19 November 1997; The 28th flight was the last – a crash during the return to Earth, the destruction of the shuttle and the death of the crew – on 1 February 2003. Flight to Colombia The space shuttle was launched on 19 November 1997 from the space center. John F. Kennedy, Florida. In the laboratory module "Spacelab" scientific experiments in the fields of astrobiology, physics and materials science were carried out, astronauts were also scheduled to go into outer space. During his flight to BTCC Columbia, he performed biological experiments of a joint Ukrainian-American scientific study with three species of plants: turnip, soybean and moss. The main purpose of the experiments was to study the effect of weightlessness on the photosynthetic apparatus of plants, on fertilization and embryo development, on gene expression in soybean and turnip tissues, on the content of phytohormones in turnip plants, on hydrocarbon metabolism and ultrastructure of soybean sprout cells. pathogenic fungus late blight. In addition to these experiments in space flight, experiments were performed by the Institute of Systems Human Research on the topic "Man and the state of weightlessness." Interestingly, on 27 November, the 9th day of the flight, the first connection with Ukraine was scheduled. For the first time from space, a citizen of Ukraine had a dialogue with his country. From the astronaut's memoirs: "7 days before the launch, a special regime was introduced for our crew in order to prevent infectious diseases – quarantine. It excludes the possibility of astronauts in public places and any outside contacts. We were also isolated from families. At the same time, the astronauts are not only under the close supervision of doctors, but also under the supervision of psychologists." Leonid Kostyantynovych recalls: "Every free minute I and my colleagues used to observe and photograph the Earth and space. Such classes were the most popular, and I considered them another impressive and extremely interesting experiment aboard the "Colombia" " The day in Ukraine begins with the Anthem. Therefore, Leonid Kostyantynovych ordered it to signal the awakening of the crew, which was broadcast from the Flight Control Center on board the "Colombia". Each member of the crew chose a melody to their liking. Thus, the anthem of our state twice sounded in space over the entire planet. Views "A state of weightlessness is a physical state that is virtually impossible to create or model in a simulator under the constant action of gravity. In flying laboratory aircraft, it can be created within 25–30 seconds. In orbital flight, it is constant. "It seemed that there was a struggle between two forces: the forces of nature, which was the earth's gravity and held the ship and did not let go, and the forces of the human mind, represented by the power of the rocket," – quoted from an interview in Igor Sharov's book. Awards and honors Award of the President of Ukraine "Hero of Ukraine" with the award of the Order "Golden Star" – for services to the Ukrainian state in the development of astronautics, outstanding personal contribution to strengthening international cooperation in space. Distinction of the President of Ukraine – Order "For Courage" I degree – for outstanding contribution to the international prestige of the national space industry, personal courage and heroism shown during the Ukrainian-American scientific research aboard the spacecraft "Columbia" (19 January 1998). Order "For Merits" III st. – for significant personal contribution to the development of the rocket and space industry, significant achievements in the creation and implementation of space systems and technologies, high professionalism (12 April 2011) Distinction of the President of Ukraine – Order "For Courage" I degree – for outstanding contribution to the international prestige of the national space industry, personal courage and heroism shown during the Ukrainian-American scientific research aboard the spacecraft "Columbia" (19 January 1998). Asteroid 399673 Kadenyuk, discovered by astronomers at the Andrushivka Astronomical Observatory in 2004, was named in his honor. The official was published by the Minor Planet Center on 5 October 2017 (). In September 2018 Chernivtsi International Airport was renamed after Kadeniuk. Death He died suddenly on 31 January 2018, during a traditional morning run in the Tsarske Selo area of Kyiv, before the ambulance arrived. According to preliminary information, Leonid Kostyantynovych died of a heart attack. See also Soviet space program State Space Agency of Ukraine References External links 2004 interview with Leonid Kadeniuk in Dzerkalo Tyzhnya weekly ДОЛЯ, ЯКОЮ КЕРУЄ БОГ - Зоряні миті Леоніда Каденюка 1951 births 2018 deaths People from Khotyn Raion State Space Agency of Ukraine personnel Ukrainian cosmonauts Ukrainian test pilots Ukrainian generals Recipients of the title of Hero of Ukraine Fourth convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada Buran program Burials at Baikove Cemetery Soviet Air Force officers Soviet test pilots Space Shuttle program astronauts Recipients of the Order of Gold Star (Ukraine)

<mask> (, 28 January 1951 – 31 January 2018) was the first astronaut of independent Ukraine who flew into outer space. He flew on NASA's Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997 as part of the international mission STS-87. Kadenyuk held the rank of Major general in the Ukrainian Air Force. He was Deputy of Ukraine of the 4th convocation, People's Ambassador of Ukraine, Hero of Ukraine, President of the Aerospace Society of Ukraine, Adviser to the Prime Minister of Ukraine and Chairman of the State Space Agency of Ukraine, Honorary Doctor of Chernivtsi National University. Biography <mask> was born on 28 January 1951 in the village of Klishkivtsi, Khotyn district, Chernivtsi region in a family of rural teachers. In 1967, after graduating from high school with a silver medal, he entered the Chernihiv Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots. After graduating from the Aviation School in 1971 and receiving a diploma of a pilot-engineer in the specialty "Piloting and operation of aircraft" he worked as a pilot-instructor Kadenyuk was a Soviet military pilot.He began his service in the Soviet Air Forces and was selected in 1976 for the Soviet Cosmonaut Corps being on a team of test pilots of the Soviet new space shuttle Buran, but was removed after marital issues. He was allowed to rejoin the Cosmonaut Detachment several years later. With the break-up of the Soviet Union, Kadenyuk remained in the Russian Space Forces and adopted Ukrainian citizenship. In 1995, during the preparation of the first Ukrainian space mission, he volunteered to take part and returned to his homeland. In 1977 he graduated from the Test Pilot Training Center. He received a diploma and qualification "test pilot". In 1977–1979, he underwent general space training and qualified as a test astronaut.1984–1988 – test pilot of the State Research Institute of the USSR Air Force. 1989 – graduated from the Moscow Aviation Institute – Faculty of Aircraft. 1988–1990 – underwent engineering and flight training under the Buran program as its commander. He took part in working out the glide path of descent for landing the spacecraft "Buran" on MiG-31 and MiG-25 aircraft. 1990–1992, under the full program, he was trained as the commander of the transport ship Soyuz-TM. During the preparation for space flights and in the process of test work he underwent unique engineering and flight training. He studied the Soyuz, Soyuz-TM, Buran spacecraft, the Salyut orbital station, the Mir orbital complex, and the US Space Shuttle.He participated in the development and testing of aerospace systems, in their sketch and layout design, as well as in flight tests of systems. He flew more than 50 types and modifications of aircraft for various purposes, mainly on fighters, as well as on the American training aircraft Northrop T-38. During the preparation for space flights he was trained to conduct scientific experiments on board spacecraft in various fields: biology, medicine, metrology, ecology, study of natural resources of the Earth from space, geology, astronomy, geobotany. In 1995 he was selected to the group of astronauts of the National Space Agency of Ukraine. Preparing for space flight, from April to October 1996 he worked as a researcher at the Department of Phytohormonology of the Kholodny Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine He was trained by NASA for a space flight on the US reusable spacecraft Columbia STS-87 as a payload specialist. Yaroslav Pustovy became Kadenyuk's backup.There were two main candidates for the mission, the other being Yaroslav Pustovyi, a civil Ukrainian scientist in space research. Kadeniuk was chosen as better-trained and accustomed to space mission organization.From 19 November to 5 December 1997, he made a space flight on the American BTCK "Columbia" mission STS-87. After the flight, <mask> <mask> continued his Ukrainian space program career in the State Space Agency of Ukraine. Since 1998 – Major general of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, Deputy Inspector General of the General Military Inspectorate under the President of Ukraine for Aviation and Cosmonautics. In the 2002 parliamentary election, he was elected to the Verkhovna Rada in the list of pro-Kuchma United Ukraine Bloc. Later, Kadeniuk joined the "Trudova Ukrayina – Industrialists and Entrepreneurs" faction, but had not been politically active. He worked within parliament's Committee on Defense and National Security. In the 2006 parliamentary election, Kadenyuk was No.3 in the electoral party list of Lytvyn's People's Bloc, but the block won only 2.44% of the popular vote (short of the required 3%) and no seats in the parliament. Kadenyuk died on 31 January 2018, three days after turning 67. He was interred in the central avenue of Kyiv's Baikove Cemetery. On 2 February 2018, the farewell ceremony occurred in Kyiv in the Club of Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine building. Author of five scientific papers The book "Mission – Space", published in 2009 by Pulsary Publishing House, won first place in the Book of the Year 2009 competition in the Horizons category. The book was republished in 2017 by Novy Druk Publishing House. Interesting Facts About preparation for space flights Skydiving is considered as a kind of simulator – a means of psychological training of astronauts.<mask> Kadenyuk says "Frankly speaking, I never had a passionate love for jumping. I made them because it was required." About the spacecraft "Colombia" Construction of "Colombia" began in 1975. During its existence, "Colombia" has made 28 flights: The first flight took place on 12 April 1981; The 24th flight took place with the participation of <mask> Kadenyuk on 19 November 1997; The 28th flight was the last – a crash during the return to Earth, the destruction of the shuttle and the death of the crew – on 1 February 2003. Flight to Colombia The space shuttle was launched on 19 November 1997 from the space center. John F. Kennedy, Florida. In the laboratory module "Spacelab" scientific experiments in the fields of astrobiology, physics and materials science were carried out, astronauts were also scheduled to go into outer space.During his flight to BTCC Columbia, he performed biological experiments of a joint Ukrainian-American scientific study with three species of plants: turnip, soybean and moss. The main purpose of the experiments was to study the effect of weightlessness on the photosynthetic apparatus of plants, on fertilization and embryo development, on gene expression in soybean and turnip tissues, on the content of phytohormones in turnip plants, on hydrocarbon metabolism and ultrastructure of soybean sprout cells. pathogenic fungus late blight. In addition to these experiments in space flight, experiments were performed by the Institute of Systems Human Research on the topic "Man and the state of weightlessness." Interestingly, on 27 November, the 9th day of the flight, the first connection with Ukraine was scheduled. For the first time from space, a citizen of Ukraine had a dialogue with his country. From the astronaut's memoirs: "7 days before the launch, a special regime was introduced for our crew in order to prevent infectious diseases – quarantine.It excludes the possibility of astronauts in public places and any outside contacts. We were also isolated from families. At the same time, the astronauts are not only under the close supervision of doctors, but also under the supervision of psychologists." <mask> Kostyantynovych recalls: "Every free minute I and my colleagues used to observe and photograph the Earth and space. Such classes were the most popular, and I considered them another impressive and extremely interesting experiment aboard the "Colombia" " The day in Ukraine begins with the Anthem. Therefore, <mask> Kostyantynovych ordered it to signal the awakening of the crew, which was broadcast from the Flight Control Center on board the "Colombia". Each member of the crew chose a melody to their liking.Thus, the anthem of our state twice sounded in space over the entire planet. Views "A state of weightlessness is a physical state that is virtually impossible to create or model in a simulator under the constant action of gravity. In flying laboratory aircraft, it can be created within 25–30 seconds. In orbital flight, it is constant. "It seemed that there was a struggle between two forces: the forces of nature, which was the earth's gravity and held the ship and did not let go, and the forces of the human mind, represented by the power of the rocket," – quoted from an interview in Igor Sharov's book. Awards and honors Award of the President of Ukraine "Hero of Ukraine" with the award of the Order "Golden Star" – for services to the Ukrainian state in the development of astronautics, outstanding personal contribution to strengthening international cooperation in space. Distinction of the President of Ukraine – Order "For Courage" I degree – for outstanding contribution to the international prestige of the national space industry, personal courage and heroism shown during the Ukrainian-American scientific research aboard the spacecraft "Columbia" (19 January 1998).Order "For Merits" III st. – for significant personal contribution to the development of the rocket and space industry, significant achievements in the creation and implementation of space systems and technologies, high professionalism (12 April 2011) Distinction of the President of Ukraine – Order "For Courage" I degree – for outstanding contribution to the international prestige of the national space industry, personal courage and heroism shown during the Ukrainian-American scientific research aboard the spacecraft "Columbia" (19 January 1998). Asteroid 399673 Kadenyuk, discovered by astronomers at the Andrushivka Astronomical Observatory in 2004, was named in his honor. The official was published by the Minor Planet Center on 5 October 2017 (). In September 2018 Chernivtsi International Airport was renamed after Kadeniuk. Death He died suddenly on 31 January 2018, during a traditional morning run in the Tsarske Selo area of Kyiv, before the ambulance arrived. According to preliminary information, <mask> Kostyantynovych died of a heart attack. See also Soviet space program State Space Agency of Ukraine References External links 2004 interview with <mask> <mask> in Dzerkalo Tyzhnya weekly ДОЛЯ, ЯКОЮ КЕРУЄ БОГ - Зоряні миті Леоніда Каденюка 1951 births 2018 deaths People from Khotyn Raion State Space Agency of Ukraine personnel Ukrainian cosmonauts Ukrainian test pilots Ukrainian generals Recipients of the title of Hero of Ukraine Fourth convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada Buran program Burials at Baikove Cemetery Soviet Air Force officers Soviet test pilots Space Shuttle program astronauts Recipients of the Order of Gold Star (Ukraine)

The first Ukrainian who flew into outer space was <mask>. He flew on the Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997. The Ukrainian Air Force had a Major general named Kadenyuk. He was an adviser to the Prime Minister of Ukraine and Chairman of the State Space Agency of Ukraine. In a family of rural teachers, <mask> was born on January 28, 1951, in the village of Klishkivtsi. He entered the Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots after graduating from high school. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217He was a test pilot for the Soviet new space shuttle Buran in 1976, but was removed from the team due to issues with his wife. He was allowed to rejoin the squadron several years later. After the fall of the Soviet Union, Kadenyuk became a Ukrainian. He volunteered to take part in the first Ukrainian space mission in 1995 and returned to his homeland. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He received a qualification as a test pilot. He qualified as a test astronaut after completing general space training.The State Research Institute of the USSR Air Force had a test pilot. The Moscow Aviation Institute has a Faculty of Aircraft. Under the Buran program, it underwent engineering and flight training. He was involved in working out the glide path of descent for the "Buran" spaceship. He was trained to be the commander of the transport ship. He underwent unique engineering and flight training while preparing for space flights. He studied the US Space Shuttle and several other space vessels.He was involved in the development of the sketch and layout design of the systems. He flew more than 50 types and modifications of aircraft for various purposes, mainly on fighters, as well as on the American training aircraft. He was trained to conduct scientific experiments on board spaceships in various fields, including biology, medicine, metrology, ecology, study of natural resources of the Earth from space, geology, astronomy, and geobotany. He was one of the astronauts of the National Space Agency of Ukraine. He was trained by NASA for a space flight in 1996 and worked as a researcher at the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. There were two main candidates for the mission, the other being Yaroslav Pustovyi, a civil Ukrainian scientist in space research. Kadeniuk was chosen because he was used to space mission organization.He made a space flight on the American "Columbia" mission in 1997. After the flight, Kadeniuk continued his career in the State Space Agency of Ukraine. In 1998 Major general of the armed forces of Ukraine was the deputy inspector general of the General Military Inspectorate. He was elected to the Verkhovna Rada in the 2002 parliamentary election. Kadeniuk was not politically active when he joined the "Trudova Ukrayina - Industrialists and Entrepreneurs" group. He was a member of parliament's Committee on Defense and National Security. Kadenyuk was the top vote getter in the 2006 parliamentary election.The block won less than 3% of the popular vote and no seats in the parliament, despite being on the electoral party list. Kadenyuk died three days after he turned 67. He was buried in the Baikove Cemetery. The farewell ceremony took place in the Club of Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine building. The book "Mission - Space", written by the author of five scientific papers, won first place in the book of the year competition. The book was published again by Novy Druk Publishing House. Skydiving is a means of psychological training for astronauts.I never had a passion for jumping. I made them because they were necessary. The construction of "Colombia" began in 1975. The first flight took place on 12 April 1981 and the 24th flight took place on 19 November 1997 and the last flight was a crash during the return to Earth. The space shuttle was launched in 1997. John F. Kennedy lived in Florida. In the laboratory module "Spacelab" scientific experiments in the fields of Astrobiology, physics and materials science were carried out, and astronauts were also scheduled to go into outer space.A joint Ukrainian-American scientific study with three species of plants was performed by him during his flight to Columbia. The main purpose of the experiments was to study the effect of weightlessness on the photosynthetic apparatus of plants, on fertilization and embryo development, on gene expression in soybean and turnip tissues, on the content of phytohormones in turnip plants, on hydrocarbon metabolism and ultrastructure of soybean sprout cells. There is a pathogen late blight. Experiments were performed on the topic "Man and the state of weightlessness" by the Institute of Systems Human Research. The first connection with Ukraine was scheduled on the 9th day of the flight. For the first time in space, a citizen of Ukraine had a conversation with his country. 7 days before the launch, a special regime was introduced for our crew in order to prevent infectious diseases.It excludes the possibility of astronauts in public places. We were separated from families. The astronauts are also under the supervision of psychologists. We used to take pictures of the Earth and space. Such classes were the most popular, and I considered them another impressive and extremely interesting experiment aboard the "Colombia" The awakening of the crew was broadcast from the Flight Control Center. A melody was chosen by each member of the crew.The anthem of our state was twice heard in space. A state of weightlessness is a physical state that is virtually impossible to create or model in a simulation under the constant action of gravity. It can be created in less than 30 seconds in a flying laboratory aircraft. It is constant in flight. "It seemed that there was a struggle between two forces: the forces of nature, which was the earth's gravity and held the ship and did not let go, and the forces of the human mind, represented by the power of the rocket." Awards and honors of the President of Ukraine "Hero of Ukraine" with the award of the Order "Golden Star" for services to the Ukrainian state in the development of astronautics, outstanding personal contribution to strengthening international cooperation in space. Order "For Courage" I degree for outstanding contribution to the international prestige of the national space industry, personal courage and heroism shown during the Ukrainian-American scientific research aboard the spaceship "Columbia" was awarded to the President of Ukraine.Significant personal contribution to the development of the rocket and space industry, significant achievements in the creation and implementation of space systems and technologies, high professionalism, and the President of Ukraine's Order "For Courage" I degree. Astronomers at the Andrushivka Astronomical Observatory named a asteroid after him. The official was published by the Minor Planet Center. The airport was renamed after <mask>. He died suddenly during a traditional morning run in the Tsarske Selo area of Kyiv on January 31, 2018, before the ambulance arrived. According to preliminary information, the man died of a heart attack. The State Space Agency of Ukraine has links to External links.

31685079

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Lazarev%20%28actor%29

Alexander Lazarev (actor)

Alexander Sergeyevich Lazarev (Алекса́ндр Серге́евич Ла́зарев; 3 January 1938 – 2 May 2011) was a Soviet and Russian theater and film actor, the People's Artist of Russia and the USSR State Prize laureate (both 1977). A Moscow Mayakovsky Theater veteran (where throughout his fifty years career he played more than fifty parts) Lazarev appeared in more than 100 films, including One More Thing About Love (1968) which made him famous. Biography Alexander Lazarev was born in Leningrad, to the artist and designer Sergey Nikolayevich Lazarev (1899–1984) and Olympiada Kuzminichna Lazareva (née Tarasova, (1907–1996). The family survived the first month of the Siege, then managed to get out of the city and make it to Orenburg. In 1944 they returned home and the next year Alexander went to school. By the time of graduation he's made a decision to become an actor, citing later Robert Taylor's performance in Waterloo Bridge as the major influence. In 1955 Lazarev joined the Young actors' studio at the Moscow Art Theater. After a short stint at the Nikolay Akimov-led Saint Petersburg Comedy Theatre, he moved to Mayakovsky Theater, led at the time by Nikolay Okhlopkov where the part of Boytsov the electrician in Aleksei Arbuzov's The Irkutsk Story was his first success. In 1961 Lazarev debuted in film, in thriller melodrama Free Wind (Вольный ветер, 1961), based on Isaak Dunayevsky's operetta of the same name. Among his other notable theatre roles of the 1960s were the sailor anarchist Gushcha in Between the Rainfalls (Okhlopkov's last production there), uber-lieutenant Schering in The Defector (1964) and Varavvin in Pyotr Fomenko-directed The Death of Tarelkin (1966). The leading part of physicist Yevdokimov in Georgy Natanson's 1968 film One More Thing About Love (Ещё раз про любовь, co-starring Tatyana Doronina) brought Lazarev nationwide acclaim. The director Andrey Goncharov's arrival as Mayakovsky Theater marked the second phase of Alexander Lazarev's successful career there. First his performance as Don Quixote in A Man of La Mancha was lauded by critics, then the leading part in Venceremos!, after Genrikh Borovik's play, earned him the USSR State Prize. Among Lazarev's other important stage works of the period were General Khludov (in Flight, 1978, based on Mikhail Bulgakov's play), Rittmeister in The Life of Klim Samgin (1981, after an unfinished Maxim Gorky's novel, premiered as a TV play in 1986), and Vladimir Mayakovsky in Mark Rozovsky's The Beginnings (1983). In A Crayfish Laughs (1986, a play about the life of Sarah Bernhardt, the latter played by his wife Svetlana Nemolyaeva), Lazarev managed at last to realize his comedy actor potential to the full. Then followed Circle (1988, after W. Somerset Maugham's 1921 play), A Patron's Joke (1992, after Arkady Averchenko) and Victim of Our Age (1994, the adaptation of Alexandr Ostrovsky's The Last Victim), the latter earning Lazarev the Moscow Prize for Literature and Arts. He received another prestigious award, Chrystal Turandot, for the leading part of Edmund Kean in Kean the Fourth, Tatyana Akhramkova's production of Grigory Gorin's play. Lazarev continued to appear in films throughout the 2000s but none of those were particularly successful. "In theater he was continuously demonstrating his brilliance, his versatility, his comedy actor's potential. In cinema? Silence. Not one of our famous film directors has ever invited him to play a more or less substantial part. 'What we have we neglect, once we lose it – mourn it'," author and critic Edward Radzinsky, speaking on the Russian TV (and quoting the Russian proverb) commented in 2011. Alexander Lazarev died in Abramtsevo, Moscow Oblast, on 2 May 2011. He is interred in Troyekurovskoye Cemetery in Moscow. Family On 27 March 1960 Alexander Lazarev married a fellow Mayakovsky Theater actress Svetlana Nemolyaeva. They lived happily with for 51 years, until his death. Their son Aleksander Lazarev Jr. (born 27 April 1967) is a Lencom actor, the People's Artist of Russia (2007) and the State Prize (1996) laureate. Alexander Lazarev's younger brother Yuri (born 22 July 1944), a Saint Petersburg Comedy Theatre actor, has been honoured with the Meritorious Artist (1994) and the People's Artist of Russia (2009) titles. Selected filmography 1961 — Free Wind as Yango (leading role) 1964 — Taking Fire Upon Ourselves as Fyodor, partisan unit commander 1966 — On a Wild Shore as Sakko 1967 — In the Beautiful Furious World (TV play) 1967 — Revenge (Возмездие) as German doctor 1968 — Portrait of Dorian Gray as Basil 1968 — One Thing More About Love as Yevdokimov, physicist (leading role) 1968 — Knight of Dream as clairvoyant musician 1969 — Late Flowers as doctor Toporkov (leading role) 1971 — Deadly Enemy as Yaschurov 1971 — Talents and Followers (TV play) as Meluzov 1971 — Blackened Crumpets (USSR-GDR) 1971 — What to Do? (TV play, author) 1972 — In Answer for Everything as Mashkov, physicist 1972 — 17th Transatlantic as captain Lukhmanov 1973 — Dmitry Kantemir as Peter the Great 1973 — An Hour Before Dawn as Derzhavin 1974 — Movie Star as Igor Grekov, film director 1974 — Time of Her Sons ( as Gulyaev, a physicist 1975 — Led By a Bright Light as actor 1975 — A Boy With an Épée as Artemyev, school director 1975 — Such a Short Life as Kalugin 1975 — Black Sea Waves as general Zarya-Zaryanitsky 1976 — Your Own Opinion as Konstantinov, partkom secretary 1977 — Risk is a Virtue as Listov, actor 1977 — The Long Ordeal as Zhadov 1978 — Velvet Season as Lamer 1978 — Where were you, Odysseus? as oberfuhrer Warburg 1978 — Gamblers (TV play) as Krugel 1979 — Licrative Contract as Tregubov, KGB general 1979 — Month of Long Days as Aleksandr Nikolayevich 1980 — Evening Lbirynth as Main Attractions boss 1980 — Through Thorns to the Stars as professor Klimov 1981 — The Nightly Fairytale as Peter Munk 1981 — Uncle's Dream (TV play) as governor general 1981 — The Hunter (TV play) as Zubarin 1982 — Take Care of Men! as Grafov, a sculptor 1982 — Inspector Losev as Zurikh 1983 — Demidovs as Peter the Great 1983 — Crazy Day of Engineer Barkasov as Doctor 1985 — The Strange Story of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde as Lanyon 1985 — Children of the Sun as Vagin, artist 1986 — Through Main Street with an Orchestra as Romanovsky 1986 — The Mysterious Prisoner as Alexander II of Russia 1986 — Secret Ambassador as Peter the Great 1986 — The Life of Klim Samgin as Roman Georgievich, Rittmeister 1987 — Its Not Always Summer in Crimea as Nikolay Semashko 1988 — The Adventures of Quentin Durward as Louis XI of France 1989 — Differed of Characters as Gorohov (leading role) 1989 — The Stepanchikovo Village and Its Inhabitants as Colonel Egor Rostanev 1990 — The War Was Tomorrow (TV play) as Lyberetsky 2002 — Kean the Fourth (TV play) as Edmund Kean (leading role) Literature Дубровский В. Серебряный шнур: А. Лазарев, С. Немоляева, А. Лазарев-младший. М., 2001. References External links 1938 births 2011 deaths People from Saint Petersburg Russian male actors Soviet male film actors Academicians of the Russian Academy of Cinema Arts and Sciences "Nika" Moscow Art Theatre School alumni Burials in Troyekurovskoye Cemetery

<mask> (Алекса́ндр Серге́евич Ла́зарев; 3 January 1938 – 2 May 2011) was a Soviet and Russian theater and film actor, the People's Artist of Russia and the USSR State Prize laureate (both 1977). A Moscow Mayakovsky Theater veteran (where throughout his fifty years career he played more than fifty parts) <mask> appeared in more than 100 films, including One More Thing About Love (1968) which made him famous. Biography <mask> was born in Leningrad, to the artist and designer <mask> (1899–1984) and Olympiada Kuzminichna <mask> (née Tarasova, (1907–1996). The family survived the first month of the Siege, then managed to get out of the city and make it to Orenburg. In 1944 they returned home and the next year <mask> went to school. By the time of graduation he's made a decision to become an actor, citing later Robert Taylor's performance in Waterloo Bridge as the major influence. In 1955 <mask> joined the Young actors' studio at the Moscow Art Theater.After a short stint at the Nikolay Akimov-led Saint Petersburg Comedy Theatre, he moved to Mayakovsky Theater, led at the time by Nikolay Okhlopkov where the part of Boytsov the electrician in Aleksei Arbuzov's The Irkutsk Story was his first success. In 1961 <mask> debuted in film, in thriller melodrama Free Wind (Вольный ветер, 1961), based on Isaak Dunayevsky's operetta of the same name. Among his other notable theatre roles of the 1960s were the sailor anarchist Gushcha in Between the Rainfalls (Okhlopkov's last production there), uber-lieutenant Schering in The Defector (1964) and Varavvin in Pyotr Fomenko-directed The Death of Tarelkin (1966). The leading part of physicist Yevdokimov in Georgy Natanson's 1968 film One More Thing About Love (Ещё раз про любовь, co-starring Tatyana Doronina) brought <mask> nationwide acclaim. The director Andrey Goncharov's arrival as Mayakovsky Theater marked the second phase of <mask>'s successful career there. First his performance as Don Quixote in A Man of La Mancha was lauded by critics, then the leading part in Venceremos!, after Genrikh Borovik's play, earned him the USSR State Prize. Among <mask>'s other important stage works of the period were General Khludov (in Flight, 1978, based on Mikhail Bulgakov's play), Rittmeister in The Life of Klim Samgin (1981, after an unfinished Maxim Gorky's novel, premiered as a TV play in 1986), and Vladimir Mayakovsky in Mark Rozovsky's The Beginnings (1983).In A Crayfish Laughs (1986, a play about the life of Sarah Bernhardt, the latter played by his wife Svetlana Nemolyaeva), <mask> managed at last to realize his comedy actor potential to the full. Then followed Circle (1988, after W. Somerset Maugham's 1921 play), A Patron's Joke (1992, after Arkady Averchenko) and Victim of Our Age (1994, the adaptation of Alexandr Ostrovsky's The Last Victim), the latter earning <mask> the Moscow Prize for Literature and Arts. He received another prestigious award, Chrystal Turandot, for the leading part of Edmund Kean in Kean the Fourth, Tatyana Akhramkova's production of Grigory Gorin's play. <mask> continued to appear in films throughout the 2000s but none of those were particularly successful. "In theater he was continuously demonstrating his brilliance, his versatility, his comedy actor's potential. In cinema? Silence.Not one of our famous film directors has ever invited him to play a more or less substantial part. 'What we have we neglect, once we lose it – mourn it'," author and critic Edward Radzinsky, speaking on the Russian TV (and quoting the Russian proverb) commented in 2011. <mask> died in Abramtsevo, Moscow Oblast, on 2 May 2011. He is interred in Troyekurovskoye Cemetery in Moscow. Family On 27 March 1960 <mask> married a fellow Mayakovsky Theater actress Svetlana Nemolyaeva. They lived happily with for 51 years, until his death. Their son Aleksander <mask> Jr. (born 27 April 1967) is a Lencom actor, the People's Artist of Russia (2007) and the State Prize (1996) laureate.<mask>'s younger brother Yuri (born 22 July 1944), a Saint Petersburg Comedy Theatre actor, has been honoured with the Meritorious Artist (1994) and the People's Artist of Russia (2009) titles. Selected filmography 1961 — Free Wind as Yango (leading role) 1964 — Taking Fire Upon Ourselves as Fyodor, partisan unit commander 1966 — On a Wild Shore as Sakko 1967 — In the Beautiful Furious World (TV play) 1967 — Revenge (Возмездие) as German doctor 1968 — Portrait of Dorian Gray as Basil 1968 — One Thing More About Love as Yevdokimov, physicist (leading role) 1968 — Knight of Dream as clairvoyant musician 1969 — Late Flowers as doctor Toporkov (leading role) 1971 — Deadly Enemy as Yaschurov 1971 — Talents and Followers (TV play) as Meluzov 1971 — Blackened Crumpets (USSR-GDR) 1971 — What to Do? (TV play, author) 1972 — In Answer for Everything as Mashkov, physicist 1972 — 17th Transatlantic as captain Lukhmanov 1973 — Dmitry Kantemir as Peter the Great 1973 — An Hour Before Dawn as Derzhavin 1974 — Movie Star as Igor Grekov, film director 1974 — Time of Her Sons ( as Gulyaev, a physicist 1975 — Led By a Bright Light as actor 1975 — A Boy With an Épée as Artemyev, school director 1975 — Such a Short Life as Kalugin 1975 — Black Sea Waves as general Zarya-Zaryanitsky 1976 — Your Own Opinion as Konstantinov, partkom secretary 1977 — Risk is a Virtue as Listov, actor 1977 — The Long Ordeal as Zhadov 1978 — Velvet Season as Lamer 1978 — Where were you, Odysseus? as oberfuhrer Warburg 1978 — Gamblers (TV play) as Krugel 1979 — Licrative Contract as Tregubov, KGB general 1979 — Month of Long Days as Aleksandr Nikolayevich 1980 — Evening Lbirynth as Main Attractions boss 1980 — Through Thorns to the Stars as professor Klimov 1981 — The Nightly Fairytale as Peter Munk 1981 — Uncle's Dream (TV play) as governor general 1981 — The Hunter (TV play) as Zubarin 1982 — Take Care of Men! М., 2001. References External links 1938 births 2011 deaths People from Saint Petersburg Russian male actors Soviet male film actors Academicians of the Russian Academy of Cinema Arts and Sciences "Nika" Moscow Art Theatre School alumni Burials in Troyekurovskoye Cemetery

<mask> was a Soviet and Russian theater and film actor. He played more than fifty parts in Moscow Mayakovsky Theater and appeared in more than 100 films, including One More Thing About Love, which made him famous. <mask> was the son of the artist and designer <mask> and Olympiada Tarasova. The family made it to Orenburg after surviving the first month of the Siege. After returning home in 1944, <mask> went to school. He decided to become an actor after seeing Robert Taylor's performance in Waterloo Bridge. The Moscow Art Theater had a Young actors' studio.The part of Boytsov, the electrician in The Irkutsk Story, was played by him at the Mayakovsky Theater. The film Free Wind was based on the operetta of the same name. He played a sailor in Between the Rains, alieutenant in The Defector and Varavvin in Pyotr Fomenko's The Death. One More Thing About Love ( <mask>'s successful career was marked by the second phase of his work as the director of the Mayakovsky Theater. The leading part in Venceremos! earned him the USSR State Prize after he was praised for his performance in A Man of La Mancha. General Khludov, based on Mikhail Bulgakov's play, was one of the important stage works of the period.In A Crayfish Laughs, a play about the life of Sarah Bernhardt, he was able to realize his comedy actor potential. Then followed Circle, A Patron's Joke, and the adaptation of The Last Victim. The leading part in the 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 None of the films that Lazarev appeared in in the 2000s were very successful. His comedy actor's potential was continuously demonstrated in theater. In a movie theater? Silence.He has never been invited to play a more substantial part in a film. "What we have we neglect, once we lose it, mourn it," author and critic Edward Radzinsky said on the Russian TV in 2011. <mask> died on May 2, 2011. He is buried in Moscow. <mask> and Svetlana were married on 27 March 1960. They lived happily with him for 51 years. Their son is an actor and winner of the State Prize.The Meritorious Artist and the People's Artist of Russia titles have been given to <mask>'s younger brother, Yuri. The filmography includes Free Wind as Yango, Taking Fire Upon Ourselves as Fyodor, and On a Wild Shore as Sakko. In Answer for Everything is a TV play, and in An Hour Before Dawn is a film. As oberfuhrer Warburg, Gamblers (TV play), Licrative Contract, and Month of Long Days. , 2001. Russian male actors, Soviet male film actors, and Academicians of the Russian Academy of Cinema Arts and Sciences are some of the people who have died.

1877254

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alf%20Clausen

Alf Clausen

Alf Heiberg Clausen (born March 28, 1941) is an American film and television composer. He is best known for his work scoring many episodes of The Simpsons, for which he was the sole composer between 1990 and 2017. Clausen has scored or orchestrated music for more than 30 films and television shows, including Moonlighting, The Naked Gun, ALF and Ferris Bueller's Day Off. Clausen received an Honorary Doctorate of Music from Berklee College of Music in 1996. Early life, family and education Clausen was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and raised in Jamestown, North Dakota. Clausen was interested in music from a young age. He counts composer Henry Mancini as one of his heroes; his book Sounds and Scores inspired him. He began playing the French horn in the seventh grade and also learned piano; and he sang in his high school choir. He continued playing and learned to play the bass guitar, stopping singing because the choir met at the same time as the band. He studied mechanical engineering at North Dakota State University although, after being inspired by his pianist cousin, switched his major to musical theory. Whilst there, Clausen took a correspondence course at Boston's Berklee College of Music in jazz and big band writing. He went on to attend the University of Wisconsin–Madison to complete his master's degree, but he quit as he disliked the place, especially what he felt was an "anti-jazz" attitude. He later attended Berklee and graduated with a diploma in arranging and composition in 1966. Clausen was the first French horn player to ever attend the college and took part in many ensembles; he is also featured on some Jazz in the Classroom albums. Career After college, Clausen worked for a period as a musician. After earning his masters degree at Berklee, Clausen taught there for a year. Clausen moved to Los Angeles, California in 1967 in search of television work, wanting to become a full-time composer. For nine years he did some arrangement work for singers, ghostwriting and other composing jobs such as commercial jingles, as well as working as a teacher, music copyist and a bassist. He worked as a copyist on "Come On Get Happy", the theme song to The Partridge Family. He eventually became a score writer and later the music director and conductor for Donny & Marie between 1976 and 1979. Initially, he was requested to write an emergency chart for the following day, but he was hired as a score writer and continued writing and conducting on the show, before replacing Tommy Oliver as music director. When the show moved to Utah, Clausen flew there each week from Los Angeles to record the score. He had the same role on The Mary Tyler Moore Hour in 1979. In 1981 he was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Achievement In Music Direction for Omnibus. Clausen served as the composer for the series Moonlighting from 1985 to 1989, scoring 63 of the 65 episodes. His favorite episode to score was the episode "The Dream Sequence Always Rings Twice", which featured two lengthy black and white dream sequences and enjoyed the episode "Atomic Shakespeare", also a fantasy episode. He received an Emmy nomination for each episode in the category Outstanding Achievement In Music Composition For A Series (Dramatic Underscore) in 1986 and 1987, earning two more nominations over the next two years for the episodes "Here's Living with You, Kid" and "A Womb with a View". In 1988 and 1989 he also received nominations for the Emmy for Outstanding Achievement In Music Direction. He was also the composer on ALF from 1986 to 1990. Other television compositions included Wizards and Warriors (1983), Fame (1984), Lime Street (1985), Christine Cromwell (1989) and My Life and Times (1991) as well as the television films Murder in Three Acts (1986), Double Agent (1987), Police Story: The Watch Commander (1988), My First Love (1988), She Knows Too Much (1989) and the feature film Number One with a Bullet (1987). He also conducted the orchestras and, for some, provided additional music for several films including The Beastmaster (1982), Airplane II: The Sequel (1982), Splash (1984), Weird Science (1985), Ferris Bueller's Day Off (1986), Dragnet (1987) and The Naked Gun (1988). The Simpsons and other work Following ALF's conclusion, Clausen was unemployed for seven months. Clausen's friend suggested him to a producer from the Fox animated series The Simpsons who were looking for a new composer. Clausen "had no interest in doing animation" and "wanted to be a drama composer." However, the show's creator Matt Groening told him "we don't look upon this as being a cartoon but a drama where the characters are drawn, and we would like it scored that way." Clausen took the job. Groening told Clausen that the "emotion [should be] scored first and the action scored second", unlike many other cartoons, and that "scoring the emotions of the characters" was the primary aim for The Simpsons. Clausen's first episode was "Treehouse of Horror", the third episode of season two, in 1990. It served as an audition and he was hired permanently after that. He has since scored almost all of the music and songs which have appeared on the show, across a wide range of musical styles through the end of the 28th season. He conducted a 35-piece orchestra for the music, a rarity for television shows, and recorded the score for an episode every week. Clausen wrote an episode's score during the week, recorded it on a Friday, with some variation if vocals are required. The limited timeframe proved the most challenging aspect of the job for Clausen; he was once required to write 57 musical cues in one week. For the show's original songs production is much longer; Clausen records the music to the writers' lyrics, over seven or eight months the scene is animated, and then Clausen can re-record the song with a full orchestra. The full orchestra allows easy transition between the wide range of musical styles required for the show. Clausen noted: Clausen intentionally opted against composing themes for each character, with some exceptions such as Mr. Burns, and instead "[gives] each story its own theme and thematic development...That approach helps to give each story its own special identification, more like individual mini-movies." He supplements the orchestra with additional instruments, such as extra brass for the episode "Cape Feare", for which Clausen composed Sideshow Bob's theme, which continued to be played whenever Bob gets out of prison in subsequent episodes. It is based on the score of the movie Cape Fear, composed by Bernard Herrmann. The musical requests of the writers range from rerecord a specific piece of music to compose something based on this character's emotion in a scene. Clausen has received two Primetime Emmy Awards for his work on The Simpsons, winning the award for Outstanding Individual Achievement in Music and Lyrics two years in a row. The first was for "We Put The Spring In Springfield" from the 1997 episode "Bart After Dark", the second was for "You're Checkin' In" from the 1998 episode "The City of New York vs. Homer Simpson"; the lyrics of each song were written by Ken Keeler. He has been nominated in the category a further seven times in 1994, 1995, 1996, 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005. Clausen has also received twelve nominations for Outstanding Individual Achievement in Music Composition for a Series (Dramatic Underscore) between 1992 and 2011 and has twice been nominated for Outstanding Music Direction, in 1997 and 1998. With 30 nominations, Clausen has received more Emmy nominations than any other musician. He has won five Annie Awards for his work on The Simpsons. He won the 1997 award for Best Music in a TV Production, the award for Outstanding Music in an Animated Television Production in 1998, again for "You're Checkin' In", the same award in 2000 for the episode "Behind the Laughter", the award for Best Music in an Animated Television Production in 2003 for "Dude, Where's My Ranch?", and again in 2007 for "Yokel Chords". His work on the show has been released as part of three albums produced by Clausen: Songs in the Key of Springfield (1997), Go Simpsonic with The Simpsons (1999) and The Simpsons: Testify (2007). Clausen was not asked to score the film adaptation of the show, The Simpsons Movie, with Hans Zimmer getting the job. He noted: "sometimes you're the windshield, sometimes you're the bug". Whilst working on The Simpsons, Clausen scored The Critic from 1994 to 1995 and Bette in 2000. He also scored the 1998 film Half Baked. He recorded the album Swing Can Really Hang You Up The Most in 2003, comprising the arrangements he made over his career, performed by his jazz orchestra, after self-financing it. In 2011, Clausen was awarded the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers Golden Note Award. ASCAP President Paul Williams said his "decades of scores for The Simpsons and other TV programs and films are as endlessly inventive as the imaginations of the shows' writers and animators. It takes a lot of serious work and thought to compose, arrange and conduct such wonderfully happy music." On August 30, 2017, after 27 years of scoring for The Simpsons, it was revealed that Clausen was dismissed from the show, with suggestions that the reasons behind the decision were largely financial. His last complete score was for "Dogtown". However, following the news of Clausen's departure, the producers of the show stated that he would "continue to have an ongoing role in the show." Beginning with Season 29, scoring was taken over by Bleeding Fingers Music, with Clausen credited as "Composer Emeritus." He is credited for composing the music for the episode "Whistler's Father". On August 5, 2019, Clausen announced he is suing the Fox Network for his removal from the show, saying that he was fired due to ageism. After a portion was dismissed in August 2020, Clausen would drop the suit entirely in January 2022. Personal life Clausen's son Scott is also a composer. In April 2020, Clausen revealed he had been diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. Discography Songs in the Key of Springfield Go Simpsonic with The Simpsons Testify Swing Can Really Hang You Up The Most - Alf Clausen Jazz Orchestra (ArtistShare) Orchestral arrangements on John Denver's Higher Ground "'Round Midnight" - Buddy Greco "The Misfit" - Erick Nelson and Michele Pillar "Pearls" - The John (Terry) Tirabasso Orchestra "Secret Fantasy" - Mike Campbell References Footnotes Bibliography External links Alf Clausen's official site Alf Clausen Online Music Scholarship Blog by THE SIMPSONS' Music Editor Chris Ledesma about working with Alf Clausen and creating the music for the show Interview with Alf Clausen Alf Clausen on Scoring THE SIMPSONS 1941 births American classical composers American film score composers American male classical composers American male film score composers American people of Norwegian descent American television composers Animation composers Annie Award winners Berklee College of Music alumni Classical musicians from Minnesota Classical musicians from North Dakota Living people Male television composers Musicians from Minneapolis People from Jamestown, North Dakota People with Parkinson's disease Primetime Emmy Award winners

<mask> (born March 28, 1941) is an American film and television composer. He is best known for his work scoring many episodes of The Simpsons, for which he was the sole composer between 1990 and 2017. <mask> has scored or orchestrated music for more than 30 films and television shows, including Moonlighting, The Naked Gun, ALF and Ferris Bueller's Day Off. <mask> received an Honorary Doctorate of Music from Berklee College of Music in 1996. Early life, family and education <mask> was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and raised in Jamestown, North Dakota. <mask> was interested in music from a young age. He counts composer Henry Mancini as one of his heroes; his book Sounds and Scores inspired him.He began playing the French horn in the seventh grade and also learned piano; and he sang in his high school choir. He continued playing and learned to play the bass guitar, stopping singing because the choir met at the same time as the band. He studied mechanical engineering at North Dakota State University although, after being inspired by his pianist cousin, switched his major to musical theory. Whilst there, <mask> took a correspondence course at Boston's Berklee College of Music in jazz and big band writing. He went on to attend the University of Wisconsin–Madison to complete his master's degree, but he quit as he disliked the place, especially what he felt was an "anti-jazz" attitude. He later attended Berklee and graduated with a diploma in arranging and composition in 1966. <mask> was the first French horn player to ever attend the college and took part in many ensembles; he is also featured on some Jazz in the Classroom albums.Career After college, <mask> worked for a period as a musician. After earning his masters degree at Berklee, <mask> taught there for a year. <mask> moved to Los Angeles, California in 1967 in search of television work, wanting to become a full-time composer. For nine years he did some arrangement work for singers, ghostwriting and other composing jobs such as commercial jingles, as well as working as a teacher, music copyist and a bassist. He worked as a copyist on "Come On Get Happy", the theme song to The Partridge Family. He eventually became a score writer and later the music director and conductor for Donny & Marie between 1976 and 1979. Initially, he was requested to write an emergency chart for the following day, but he was hired as a score writer and continued writing and conducting on the show, before replacing Tommy Oliver as music director.When the show moved to Utah, <mask> flew there each week from Los Angeles to record the score. He had the same role on The Mary Tyler Moore Hour in 1979. In 1981 he was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Achievement In Music Direction for Omnibus. <mask> served as the composer for the series Moonlighting from 1985 to 1989, scoring 63 of the 65 episodes. His favorite episode to score was the episode "The Dream Sequence Always Rings Twice", which featured two lengthy black and white dream sequences and enjoyed the episode "Atomic Shakespeare", also a fantasy episode. He received an Emmy nomination for each episode in the category Outstanding Achievement In Music Composition For A Series (Dramatic Underscore) in 1986 and 1987, earning two more nominations over the next two years for the episodes "Here's Living with You, Kid" and "A Womb with a View". In 1988 and 1989 he also received nominations for the Emmy for Outstanding Achievement In Music Direction.He was also the composer on ALF from 1986 to 1990. Other television compositions included Wizards and Warriors (1983), Fame (1984), Lime Street (1985), Christine Cromwell (1989) and My Life and Times (1991) as well as the television films Murder in Three Acts (1986), Double Agent (1987), Police Story: The Watch Commander (1988), My First Love (1988), She Knows Too Much (1989) and the feature film Number One with a Bullet (1987). He also conducted the orchestras and, for some, provided additional music for several films including The Beastmaster (1982), Airplane II: The Sequel (1982), Splash (1984), Weird Science (1985), Ferris Bueller's Day Off (1986), Dragnet (1987) and The Naked Gun (1988). The Simpsons and other work Following ALF's conclusion, <mask> was unemployed for seven months. <mask>'s friend suggested him to a producer from the Fox animated series The Simpsons who were looking for a new composer. <mask> "had no interest in doing animation" and "wanted to be a drama composer." However, the show's creator Matt Groening told him "we don't look upon this as being a cartoon but a drama where the characters are drawn, and we would like it scored that way."<mask> took the job. Groening told <mask> that the "emotion [should be] scored first and the action scored second", unlike many other cartoons, and that "scoring the emotions of the characters" was the primary aim for The Simpsons. <mask>'s first episode was "Treehouse of Horror", the third episode of season two, in 1990. It served as an audition and he was hired permanently after that. He has since scored almost all of the music and songs which have appeared on the show, across a wide range of musical styles through the end of the 28th season. He conducted a 35-piece orchestra for the music, a rarity for television shows, and recorded the score for an episode every week. <mask> wrote an episode's score during the week, recorded it on a Friday, with some variation if vocals are required.The limited timeframe proved the most challenging aspect of the job for <mask>; he was once required to write 57 musical cues in one week. For the show's original songs production is much longer; <mask> records the music to the writers' lyrics, over seven or eight months the scene is animated, and then <mask> can re-record the song with a full orchestra. The full orchestra allows easy transition between the wide range of musical styles required for the show. <mask> noted: <mask> intentionally opted against composing themes for each character, with some exceptions such as Mr. Burns, and instead "[gives] each story its own theme and thematic development...That approach helps to give each story its own special identification, more like individual mini-movies." He supplements the orchestra with additional instruments, such as extra brass for the episode "Cape Feare", for which <mask> composed Sideshow Bob's theme, which continued to be played whenever Bob gets out of prison in subsequent episodes. It is based on the score of the movie Cape Fear, composed by Bernard Herrmann. The musical requests of the writers range from rerecord a specific piece of music to compose something based on this character's emotion in a scene.<mask> has received two Primetime Emmy Awards for his work on The Simpsons, winning the award for Outstanding Individual Achievement in Music and Lyrics two years in a row. The first was for "We Put The Spring In Springfield" from the 1997 episode "Bart After Dark", the second was for "You're Checkin' In" from the 1998 episode "The City of New York vs. Homer Simpson"; the lyrics of each song were written by Ken Keeler. He has been nominated in the category a further seven times in 1994, 1995, 1996, 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005. <mask> has also received twelve nominations for Outstanding Individual Achievement in Music Composition for a Series (Dramatic Underscore) between 1992 and 2011 and has twice been nominated for Outstanding Music Direction, in 1997 and 1998. With 30 nominations, <mask> has received more Emmy nominations than any other musician. He has won five Annie Awards for his work on The Simpsons. He won the 1997 award for Best Music in a TV Production, the award for Outstanding Music in an Animated Television Production in 1998, again for "You're Checkin' In", the same award in 2000 for the episode "Behind the Laughter", the award for Best Music in an Animated Television Production in 2003 for "Dude, Where's My Ranch?", and again in 2007 for "Yokel Chords". His work on the show has been released as part of three albums produced by <mask>: Songs in the Key of Springfield (1997), Go Simpsonic with The Simpsons (1999) and The Simpsons: Testify (2007). <mask> was not asked to score the film adaptation of the show, The Simpsons Movie, with Hans Zimmer getting the job. He noted: "sometimes you're the windshield, sometimes you're the bug". Whilst working on The Simpsons, <mask> scored The Critic from 1994 to 1995 and Bette in 2000. He also scored the 1998 film Half Baked. He recorded the album Swing Can Really Hang You Up The Most in 2003, comprising the arrangements he made over his career, performed by his jazz orchestra, after self-financing it.In 2011, <mask> was awarded the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers Golden Note Award. ASCAP President Paul Williams said his "decades of scores for The Simpsons and other TV programs and films are as endlessly inventive as the imaginations of the shows' writers and animators. It takes a lot of serious work and thought to compose, arrange and conduct such wonderfully happy music." On August 30, 2017, after 27 years of scoring for The Simpsons, it was revealed that <mask> was dismissed from the show, with suggestions that the reasons behind the decision were largely financial. His last complete score was for "Dogtown". However, following the news of <mask>'s departure, the producers of the show stated that he would "continue to have an ongoing role in the show." Beginning with Season 29, scoring was taken over by Bleeding Fingers Music, with <mask> credited as "Composer Emeritus."He is credited for composing the music for the episode "Whistler's Father". On August 5, 2019, <mask> announced he is suing the Fox Network for his removal from the show, saying that he was fired due to ageism. After a portion was dismissed in August 2020, <mask> would drop the suit entirely in January 2022. Personal life <mask>'s son Scott is also a composer. In April 2020, <mask> revealed he had been diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. Discography Songs in the Key of Springfield Go Simpsonic with The Simpsons Testify Swing Can Really Hang You Up The Most - Alf Clausen Jazz Orchestra (ArtistShare) Orchestral arrangements on John Denver's Higher Ground "'Round Midnight" - Buddy Greco "The Misfit" - Erick Nelson and Michele Pillar "Pearls" - The John (Terry) Tirabasso Orchestra "Secret Fantasy" - Mike Campbell References Footnotes Bibliography External links <mask> <mask>'s official site Alf Clausen Online Music Scholarship Blog by THE SIMPSONS' Music Editor Chris Ledesma about working with <mask> <mask> and creating the music for the show Interview with <mask> <mask> <mask> <mask> on Scoring THE SIMPSONS 1941 births American classical composers American film score composers American male classical composers American male film score composers American people of Norwegian descent American television composers Animation composers Annie Award winners Berklee College of Music alumni Classical musicians from Minnesota Classical musicians from North Dakota Living people Male television composers Musicians from Minneapolis People from Jamestown, North Dakota People with Parkinson's disease Primetime Emmy Award winners

<mask> is an American film and television composer. He is best known for his work on The Simpsons, where he was the sole composer between 1990 and 2017. More than 30 films and television shows have been scored or orchestrated by <mask>. <mask> received a Doctor of Music from the college. <mask> was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and raised in North Dakota. <mask> was interested in music when he was young. The author of Sounds and Scores inspired him.He learned piano and sang in his high school choir while playing the French horn. The choir met at the same time as the band and he stopped singing to learn to play the bass guitar. After being inspired by his pianist cousin, he switched his major from mechanical engineering to musical theory. <mask> took a correspondence course at Boston's Berklee College of Music in jazz and big band writing. He quit the University of Wisconsin–Madison to finish his master's degree because he disliked the place's attitude towards jazz. He graduated with a degree in arranging and composition in 1966. <mask> was the first French horn player to ever attend the college and he is featured on some Jazz in the Classroom albums.<mask> worked as a musician after college. <mask> taught there for a year after earning his masters degree. In order to become a full-time composer, <mask> moved to Los Angeles, California in 1967. He did arrangement work for singers for nine years, as well as working as a teacher, music copyist, and a bassist. He worked as a copyist on the song "Come On Get Happy". He was the music director and conductor for Donny & Marie from 1976 to 1979. Initially, he was asked to write an emergency chart for the show, but he was hired as a score writer and continued writing and conducting on the show, before replacing Tommy Oliver as music director.<mask> flew from Los Angeles to Utah each week to record the score. He played the same role on The Mary Tyler Moore Hour in 1979. He was nominated for an award in 1981 for outstanding achievement in music direction. <mask> scored 63 of the 65 episodes for the series. He liked the episode "The Dream Sequence Always Rings Twice", which featured two lengthy black and white dream sequences, and the episode "Atomic Shakespeare", also a fantasy episode. The episodes "Here's Living with You, Kid" and "A Womb with a View" earned him two more nominations over the next two years. In 1988 and 1989 he was nominated for an award.He wrote music for ALF from 1986 to 1990. Wizards and Warriors, Fame, Lime Street, Christine Cromwell, My Life and Times, Murder in Three Acts, Double Agent, and Police Story: The Watch Commander were all television compositions. He provided additional music for several films, including Ferris Bueller's Day Off, Dragnet, and The Naked Gun. <mask> was out of work for seven months. A producer from The Simpsons was looking for a new composer after <mask>'s friend suggested him. Clausen wanted to be a drama composer. Matt Groening told him that the show was not a cartoon but a drama where the characters are drawn.<mask> took the job. The main aim of The Simpsons was to score the emotions of the characters first and the action second, according to Groening. "Treehouse of Horror" was <mask>'s first episode. After that, he was hired permanently. Through the end of the 28th season, he has scored almost all of the music and songs that have appeared on the show. He recorded the score for an episode every week and conducted a 35-piece orchestra for the music. <mask> wrote an episode's score during the week and recorded it on a Friday if vocals are required.<mask> was once required to write 57 musical cues in one week, which proved to be the most challenging aspect of the job. <mask> records the music to the writers' lyrics over seven or eight months, and then he can re-record the song with a full orchestra. The wide range of musical styles required for the show can be easily transitioned into the full orchestra. <mask> decided against creating themes for each character and instead gave each story its own theme and development, like a mini-movie. <mask> composed Sideshow Bob's theme, which continued to be played whenever Bob gets out of prison in subsequent episodes, because he supplements the orchestra with additional instruments. Bernard Herrmann composed the score for the movie Cape Fear. The musical requests of the writers range from rerecord a specific piece of music to compose something based on this character's emotion in a scene.<mask> won the award for outstanding individual achievement in music and lyrics for the second year in a row for his work on The Simpsons. "We Put The Spring In Springfield" and "You're Checkin' In" were written for the 1997 and 1998 episodes of "Bart After Dark" and "The City of New York vs. Homer Simpson", respectively. He has been nominated in the category seven times. <mask> has received twelve nominations for Outstanding Individual Achievement in Music Composition for a Series between 1992 and 2011 and has twice been nominated for Outstanding Music Direction. <mask> has received more nominations than any other musician. He won five Annie Awards for his work on The Simpsons. He won the 1997 award for Best Music in a TV Production, the 1998 award for Outstanding Music in an Animated Television Production, and the 2000 award for Best Music in an Animated.In 2007, for "Yokel Chords". <mask>: Songs in the Key of Springfield, Go Simpsonic with The Simpsons and The Simpsons: Testify all feature his work on the show. <mask> was not asked to score the film adaptation of the show, The Simpsons Movie. He said that sometimes you're the windshield and sometimes you're the bug. <mask> scored The Critic and Bette for The Simpsons. The film Half Baked was scored by him. He self-financed the recording of Swing Can Really Hang You Up The Most, which was performed by his jazz orchestra.<mask> received the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers Golden Note Award. "decades of scores for The Simpsons and other TV programs and films are as inventive as the imaginations of the shows' writers and animators," said Paul Williams, president of the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers. It takes a lot of work to compose, arrange and conduct such happy music. <mask> was dismissed from The Simpsons after 27 years of scoring, with some suggesting that the reason was financial. "Dogtown" was his last complete score. Following <mask>'s departure, the producers of the show stated that he would continue to have an ongoing role in the show. Bleeding Fingers Music took over the scoring in the 29th season.The music for "Whistler's Father" was composed by him. <mask> said that he was fired from the show due to ageism. <mask> dropped the suit in January 2022. <mask> is a composer. Clausen was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease in April 2020. Songs in the Key of Springfield include Simpsonic with The Simpsons Testify Swing can really hang you up the most.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darren%20Beadman

Darren Beadman

Darren Beadman (born 17 November 1965) is an Australian champion jockey. In 2007 at age 41 he was the youngest jockey ever to be inducted into the Australian Racing Hall of Fame, being the first to do so while still active. Early career Beadman first gained notice while winning the Sydney apprentice jockeys' title in his first season of 1982–83. managing to finish second in 1983-84 and winning again in 1984–85. Beadman piloted Inspired to the winning post in 1984 in taking Australia's premier two-year-old event, the Golden Slipper Stakes, for his first group 1 win. He duplicated that feat on Guineas in 1997. While still a teenager he rode in France for John Fellows winning the 1985 Prix Morny on Regal State. Australia Beadman is a seven-time Sydney jockey premiership winner and has won most of Australia's biggest races. He holds the record for the highest number of wins in the metropolitan area with 162. He recorded that feat in the 2006/2007 season. Such wins include Melbourne Cup wins for trainer Bart Cummings on Kingston Rule (1990) and Saintly (1996) and Golden Slipper victories aboard Inspired (1984) and Guineas in 1997. He also won the Cox Plate on Saintly in 1996. Furthermore, he rode Super Impose to the Doncaster Handicap/Epsom Handicap double in 1991. He also rode Octagonal and Lonhro to a number of Group 1 wins including the Australian Cup and the AJC Derby on Octagonal. In 2007, Beadman was inducted into the Australian Racing Hall of Fame, the first Jockey to be inducted whilst still competing. He won the triple crown on Octagonal in Sydney's three-year-old autumn triple crown – the Canterbury and Rosehill Guineas and the Australian Derby Hong Kong Beadman moved to Hong Kong in 2007 to become the stable jockey for John Moore in Hong Kong and helped the trainer to his first premiership in almost 20 years. Beadman has ridden more than 250 winners in Hong Kong including Hong Kong International Bowl twice, the CXHK Sprint, and the MBHK Derby. In February 2012 Beadman suffered a serious head injury at Sha Tin Racecourse. Beadman fell when a horse broke both of its legs underneath him in a barrier trial. Beadman suffered a diffuse axonal brain injury and a broken cheekbone from the fall. He underwent rehabilitation for his injury in both Hong Kong and Sydney. Second retirement As a result of the injuries sustained in the barrier trial fall in Hong Kong, Beadman announced his retirement from race riding in October 2012. Training In 2014 it was announced that Beadman had taken up a position as an assistant trainer with the Darley Racing organisation under head trainer John O'Shea. In May 2017, Beadman became the interim head trainer for the Australian Godolphin stable after the resignation of John O'Shea. During his time as head trainer for the Australian Godolphin stable, Beadman had 233 runners, for 36 winners, including the 2017 Group 1 Stradbroke Handicap with 3-year-old colt Impending. Beadman held this position for two months until James Cummings was appointed head trainer. Beadman remains as an assistant trainer to Cummings in the Godolphin stable. Group 1 winners (As Jockey) International Group 1 winners (85) AJC Derby – Octagonal (1996); Headturner (2006); Fiumicino (2007) All Aged Stakes – Card Shark (1989); Shamekha (2005); Paratroopers (2006) ATC Sires' Produce Stakes – Camarilla (2007) Australian Cup – Let's Elope (1992); Saintly (1996); Lonhro (2004) Canterbury Guineas – Octagonal (1996); Niello (2004); Mentality (2007) Caulfield Guineas – Procul Harum (1989); Caulfield Stakes – Lonhro (2002); Lonhro (2003) C F Orr Stakes – Saintly (1997); Redoute's Choice (2000); Lonhro (2004) Champagne Stakes – Mentality (2006) Champions Mile – Able One (2010); Xtension (2011) Chipping Norton Stakes – Heat of the Moment (1986); Super Impose (1991); Super Impose (1992); Lonhro (2003) Coolmore Classic – Quicksilver Cindy (1991); Danni Martine (2005); Tuesday Joy (2007) Cox Plate – Saintly (1996) Doncaster Handicap – Super Impose (1991) Doomben Cup – Juggler (1996) Epsom Handicap – Regal Native (1988); Super Impose (1991); Navy Seal (1994) Emirates Stakes – Catalan Opening (1997) Flight Stakes – Electrique (1991); Dashing Eagle (1996) Futurity Stakes – Star Dancer (1996) George Main Stakes – Lonhro (2003) George Ryder Stakes – March Hare (1995); Lonhro (2003); Lonhro (2004) Golden Slipper Stakes – Inspired (1984); Guineas (1997) Hong Kong Sprint – Inspiration (2008) Mackinnon Stakes – Lonhro (2002) Manikato Stakes – Spartacus (1997) Melbourne Cup – Kingston Rule (1990); Saintly (1996) New Zealand Derby – Great Command (1996) Oakleigh Plate – Spartacus (1997) Prix Morny – Regal State (1985) QTC Sires' Produce Stakes – Anthems (1996) Spring Champion Stakes – Tie the Knot (1997) Sydney Cup – Mahtoum (2005) Queen Elizabeth Stakes – Authaal (1988); Lonhro (2003) Queen of the Turf Stakes – Ike's Dream (2005); Mnemosyne (2006); Neroli (2009) Ranvet Stakes – Super Impose (1991); Tuesday Joy (2008) Rosehill Guineas – Octagonal (1996); Tarnpir Lane (1997); Niello (2004) The BMW – Octagonal (1996); Freemason (2003); Tuesday Joy (2008); Fiumicino (2009) The Galaxy – Padstow (2001); Charge Forward (2005) The J. J. Atkins – Anthems (1996); Apercu (2007) The Metropolitan – Railings (2005) The Thousand Guineas – Dashing Eagle (1996); Lady of the Pines (1997); Mnemosyne (2005) TJ Smith Stakes – Shamekha (2005) Underwood Stakes – Octagonal (1996) Vinery Stud Stakes – Saleous (1996); Danendri (1997) VRC Oaks – Saleous (1995) VRC Sires' Produce Stakes – Millward (1997) Zabeel Classic – Captain Moonlight (1997) Hong Kong Group 1 winners (6) Hong Kong Champions & Chater Cup – Mighty High (2011) Hong Kong Derby – Collection (2009) Hong Kong Gold Cup – Viva Pataca (2008); Viva Pataca (2009); Collection (2010) Queen's Silver Jubilee Cup – Happy Zero (2010) Group 1 winners (As Trainer) International Group 1 winners (1) Stradbroke Handicap – Impending (2017) Performance References External links The Hong Kong Jockey Club 1965 births Living people Australian jockeys Hong Kong jockeys Australian Christians Australian Thoroughbred Racing Hall of Fame inductees People from Canberra

<mask> (born 17 November 1965) is an Australian champion jockey. In 2007 at age 41 he was the youngest jockey ever to be inducted into the Australian Racing Hall of Fame, being the first to do so while still active. Early career <mask> first gained notice while winning the Sydney apprentice jockeys' title in his first season of 1982–83. managing to finish second in 1983-84 and winning again in 1984–85. <mask> piloted Inspired to the winning post in 1984 in taking Australia's premier two-year-old event, the Golden Slipper Stakes, for his first group 1 win. He duplicated that feat on Guineas in 1997. While still a teenager he rode in France for John Fellows winning the 1985 Prix Morny on Regal State.Australia Beadman is a seven-time Sydney jockey premiership winner and has won most of Australia's biggest races. He holds the record for the highest number of wins in the metropolitan area with 162. He recorded that feat in the 2006/2007 season. Such wins include Melbourne Cup wins for trainer Bart Cummings on Kingston Rule (1990) and Saintly (1996) and Golden Slipper victories aboard Inspired (1984) and Guineas in 1997. He also won the Cox Plate on Saintly in 1996. Furthermore, he rode Super Impose to the Doncaster Handicap/Epsom Handicap double in 1991. He also rode Octagonal and Lonhro to a number of Group 1 wins including the Australian Cup and the AJC Derby on Octagonal.In 2007, <mask> was inducted into the Australian Racing Hall of Fame, the first Jockey to be inducted whilst still competing. He won the triple crown on Octagonal in Sydney's three-year-old autumn triple crown – the Canterbury and Rosehill Guineas and the Australian Derby Hong Kong Beadman moved to Hong Kong in 2007 to become the stable jockey for John Moore in Hong Kong and helped the trainer to his first premiership in almost 20 years. Beadman has ridden more than 250 winners in Hong Kong including Hong Kong International Bowl twice, the CXHK Sprint, and the MBHK Derby. In February 2012 Beadman suffered a serious head injury at Sha Tin Racecourse. Beadman fell when a horse broke both of its legs underneath him in a barrier trial. Beadman suffered a diffuse axonal brain injury and a broken cheekbone from the fall. He underwent rehabilitation for his injury in both Hong Kong and Sydney.Second retirement As a result of the injuries sustained in the barrier trial fall in Hong Kong, <mask> announced his retirement from race riding in October 2012. Training In 2014 it was announced that Beadman had taken up a position as an assistant trainer with the Darley Racing organisation under head trainer John O'Shea. In May 2017, Beadman became the interim head trainer for the Australian Godolphin stable after the resignation of John O'Shea. During his time as head trainer for the Australian Godolphin stable, Beadman had 233 runners, for 36 winners, including the 2017 Group 1 Stradbroke Handicap with 3-year-old colt Impending. Beadman held this position for two months until James Cummings was appointed head trainer. Beadman remains as an assistant trainer to Cummings in the Godolphin stable.

He is an Australian champion jockey. At the age of 41, he was the youngest jockey ever to be in the Australian Racing Hall of Fame. The first season of <mask>'s career was when he won the apprentice jockeys' title. The second place finish in 1983-84 was followed by a second place finish in 1984–85. In 1984 <mask> piloted inspired to the winning post and took Australia's premier two-year-old event, the Golden Slipper Stakes, for his first group 1 win. He did the same thing on Guineas in 1997. He was a teenager when he rode for John Fellows in the Prix Morny.Australia Beadman has won most of Australia's biggest races. He has the highest number of wins in the metropolitan area. He did it in the 2006/2007 season. The trainer of Kingston Rule and Saintly won the Melbourne Cup in 1990 and 1996, respectively. He won the Cox Plate on Saintly in 1996. He rode Super Impose to the Doncaster Handicap/Epsom Handicap double in 1991. He rode Lonhro to a number of Group 1 wins, including the Australian Cup and the AJC Derby.The first Jockey to be in the Australian Racing Hall of Fame while still competing was <mask>. He became the stable jockey for John Moore in Hong Kong after winning the triple crown on Octagonal in the autumn. In Hong Kong, Beadman has ridden more than 250 winners, including the Hong Kong International Bowl twice. In February of 2012 Beadman had a serious head injury. A horse broke its legs in a barrier trial and Beadman fell. A diffuse axonal brain injury and broken cheekbone were suffered by Beadman. He went through rehabilitation in Hong Kong and Australia.After sustaining injuries in a barrier trial fall in Hong Kong, <mask> decided to retire from race riding. In the year of Training, it was announced that <mask> had taken up a position as an assistant trainer with the Darley Racing organisation. After the resignation of John O'Shea, <mask> became the interim head trainer for the Australian Godolphin stable. During his time as head trainer for the Australian Godolphin stable, Beadman had 233 runners, for 36 winners, including the Group 1 Stradbroke Handicap with 3-year-old colt Impending. The position was held by Beadman for two months. In the Godolphin stable, Beadman is still an assistant trainer.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheldon%20Whitehouse

Sheldon Whitehouse

Sheldon Whitehouse (born October 20, 1955) is an American lawyer and politician serving as the junior United States senator from Rhode Island since 2007. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as a United States Attorney from 1993 to 1998 and the 71st attorney general of Rhode Island from 1999 to 2003. Early life and education Whitehouse was born on October 20, 1955, in New York City, New York, the son of Mary Celine (née Rand) and career diplomat Charles Sheldon Whitehouse, and grandson of diplomat Edwin Sheldon Whitehouse (1883–1965). Among his great-great-grandfathers were Episcopalian bishop Henry John Whitehouse and railroad magnate Charles Crocker, who was among the founders of the Central Pacific Railroad. Whitehouse graduated from St. Paul's School in Concord, New Hampshire, and from Yale College in 1978. He received his Juris Doctor (J.D.) from the University of Virginia School of Law in 1982. Early career Whitehouse worked as a clerk for Judge Richard Neely of the Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia from 1982 to 1983. He also worked in the Rhode Island Attorney General's office as a special assistant attorney general from 1985 to 1990, chief of the Regulatory Unit (which oversaw utilities) from 1988 to 1990, and as an assistant attorney general from 1989 to 1990. Whitehouse worked as Rhode Island Governor Bruce Sundlun's Executive Counsel beginning in 1991, and was later tapped to serve as Director of Policy. He oversaw the state's response to the Rhode Island banking crisis that took place soon after Sundlun took office. In 1992 Sundlun appointed Whitehouse the state's Director of Business Regulation, where he oversaw a drastic reform in the state's workers' compensation insurance system. Early political career U.S. Attorney President Bill Clinton appointed Whitehouse United States Attorney for Rhode Island in 1994. Whitehouse held the position for four years. With the 1996 extortion conviction of mobster Gerard Ouimette, he was the first prosecutor to convict a member of organized crime under Clinton's "three strikes law". Whitehouse also initiated the investigation into municipal corruption in Rhode Island that led to Operation Plunder Dome, in which Mayor of Providence Vincent "Buddy" Cianci was eventually convicted on conspiracy charges. As U.S. Attorney for Rhode Island, Whitehouse oversaw an increase in environmental protection efforts, including an investigation into a Narragansett Bay oil spill that yielded the largest fine in state history. State Attorney General In 1998, Whitehouse was elected Rhode Island Attorney General. He initiated a lawsuit against the lead paint industry that ended in a mistrial; the state later won a second lawsuit against former lead paint manufacturers Sherwin-Williams, Millennium Holdings, and NL Industries that found them responsible for creating a public nuisance. This decision, however, was unanimously overturned by the Rhode Island Supreme Court on July 1, 2008. The Court found that under Rhode Island law it is the responsibility of property owners to abate and mitigate lead hazards. Whitehouse also founded the Rhode Island Quality Institute, "an organization dedicated to improving health care quality in the State of Rhode Island". He authorized the first Rhode Island State Police wiretap to investigate public corruption. When black Providence police officer Cornel Young Jr. was shot and killed by two fellow officers while he was off-duty in January 2000, Whitehouse was criticized for not appointing an independent prosecutor to investigate the shooting. Later that year, Whitehouse was criticized when 15-year-old Jennifer Rivera, a witness in a murder case, was shot by a relative of the man she was to testify against later that year. After Rivera's shooting, Whitehouse strengthened the state's witness protection program. 2002 gubernatorial election Whitehouse ran for the Democratic nomination for governor of Rhode Island in 2002. He lost the primary election to former State Senator Myrth York, who was unsuccessful in the general election against Republican Donald Carcieri. U.S. Senate Elections 2006 In 2006, Whitehouse ran for the seat occupied by Senator Lincoln Chafee, a Republican seeking a second full term. After winning the Democratic primary by a large margin, Whitehouse went on to defeat Chafee with 53 percent of the vote. 2012 On November 6, 2012, Whitehouse won reelection to a second term in office, easily defeating Republican challenger Barry Hinckley, "both in state results and in local towns. Whitehouse won by 30 points, with 64.9 percent of the vote in Rhode Island". 2018 On November 6, 2018, Whitehouse was reelected to a third term, defeating Republican Robert Flanders by 23 points. Tenure In 2007, the National Journal ranked Whitehouse the second-most liberal senator. He voted to confirm Elena Kagan and Sonia Sotomayor to the Supreme Court. In the spring of 2007, Whitehouse joined other senators in calling for Attorney General Alberto Gonzales's resignation. After Gonzales's first appearance before the Senate Judiciary Committee related to the controversy, Whitehouse told NPR, "[Gonzales] had a hard sell to make to me, and he didn't make it." He continued to question Gonzales's service in the NSA warrantless surveillance controversy. Whitehouse has faced some criticism for alleged insider trading, avoiding big losses by trading stocks after top federal officials warned congressional leaders of "the coming economic cataclysm" in September 2008. PolitiFact determined that Whitehouse falsely claimed Paul Ryan's 2012 budget blueprint "gets rid of Medicare in 10 years." Whitehouse claimed to have meant that Ryan's plan would have ended Medicare "as we know it", turning it into a voucher program. Upon Attorney General Eric Holder's announcement in September 2014 of his intention to step down, some speculated that Whitehouse could be nominated as Holder's replacement. In February 2016, after the death of U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice Antonin Scalia, USA Today named Whitehouse as a possible nominee to fill the vacancy. Whitehouse's service as a U.S. Attorney and as Attorney General of Rhode Island gives him both legislative experience and experience as a legal official, though not as a judge. Whitehouse was ultimately not nominated. Committee assignments Sources: Committee on Budget Committee on Environment and Public Works Subcommittee on Oversight Subcommittee on Superfund, Toxics and Environmental Health Subcommittee on Water and Wildlife (Ranking Member) Committee on Finance Committee on the Judiciary United States Senate Caucus on International Narcotics Control (Chair) Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe Caucus memberships Healthy Kids Caucus International Conservation Caucus (Co-Chair) Senate Oceans Caucus (Co-Chair) Afterschool Caucuses Political positions Criminal justice Despite a generally pro-rehabilitation stance on crime, Whitehouse supports federal use of the death penalty, but opposes its use at the state level in Rhode Island. He supports gun control and has spoken out against the Patriot Act. D.C. statehood In a 2018 interview with the Providence Journal, Whitehouse expressed opposition to D.C. statehood. He was dismissive of efforts to give District residents representation in Congress, suggesting they should be satisfied with the amount of federal activity nearby. But in July 2020, he cosponsored a Senate bill to grant D.C. statehood. Economics Whitehouse supports a more progressive tax system and strongly opposed the Bush tax cuts and proposals to repeal the estate tax and the Alternative Minimum Tax. He voted for the Budget Control Act and against Cut, Cap and Balance and the debt ceiling increase. Earlier in his first term, Whitehouse voted for the Stimulus package and the TARP. Whitehouse also opposed the North American Free Trade Agreement and other similar proposals, styling himself as a supporter of fair trade and opposing the use of presidential authority to "fast-track" normalized trade relations. Environmental issues In November 2011, Whitehouse introduced the Safeguarding America's Future and Environment (SAFE) Act, a bill that would require federal natural resource agencies to be concerned with the long-term effects of climate change, encourage states to prepare natural resource adaptation plans, and "create a science advisory board to ensure that the planning uses the best available science". Whitehouse voted against cap and trade, but sponsored Offshoring Prevention and supported the Global Warming Reduction Act. Of a proposed action on mandatory emissions curbs, Whitehouse told The Hill, "I am not hearing anybody on our side, even the people who are more economically concerned about the climate legislation who come from coal states, that sort of thing, saying, 'What are we going to say about this, is this a problem?'" Whitehouse dismissed the Climatic Research Unit conspiracy theory: "Climategate should properly be known as Climategate-gate because it was the scandal that was phony." The Environmental Defense Fund praised him for working to protect the Gulf Coast wetlands. Whitehouse has said that the development of alternate energy sources, including solar power, will eliminate U.S. dependence on foreign oil. He has cited the installation of new solar panels on three new bank branches in Rhode Island, saying that the projects "created jobs, they put people to work, they lowered the cost for these banks of their electrical energy, and they get us off foreign oil and away, step by step, from these foreign entanglements that we have to get into to defend our oil supply". PolitiFact investigated the economics of renewable energy and determined that solar and wind investments would not have a large effect on oil consumption, calling Whitehouse's comments "mostly false" due to "this misimpression—and because of the other inaccuracies in Whitehouse's speech". In a May 29, 2015, Washington Post editorial, Whitehouse advocated prosecution of members of the fossil fuel industry under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO), in order to investigate their interest in anti-global-warming advocacy. In April 2019, Whitehouse was one of 12 senators to sign a bipartisan letter to top senators on the Appropriations Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development advocating that the Energy Department be granted maximum funding for carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS), arguing that American job growth could be stimulated by investment in capturing carbon emissions and expressing disagreement with President Trump's 2020 budget request to combine the two federal programs that do carbon capture research. Since 2012, Whitehouse has spoken on the Senate floor about climate change every week the Senate has been in session, giving his 250th speech on the issue on July 24, 2019. Foreign policy Whitehouse opposed intervention in Iraq. He supported introducing a timetable for withdrawal from Iraq, saying that the U.S. must use caution in the future and avoid engaging in military action in Iran. Whitehouse supported a vote that would limit continuing U.S. support for the War in Yemen. Initially, he was one of the two Democratic holdouts in the Senate, but an activist effort, including mobilizing fans of the Rhode Island band Downtown Boys, contributed to changing his position. Health care Whitehouse supports stem cell research, abortion rights, and affirmative action. He voted for the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. During its passage, Whitehouse cautioned that conservative opposition to the bill was moving toward historical incidences of mob violence, saying, "Too many colleagues are embarked on a desperate, no-holds-barred mission of propaganda, obstruction and fear. History cautions us of the excesses to which these malignant, vindictive passions can ultimately lead. Tumbrils have rolled through taunting crowds. Broken glass has sparkled in darkened streets. Strange fruit has hung from southern trees". In December 2009, Whitehouse said "birthers", "fanatics", and "people running around in right-wing militia and Aryan support groups" opposed Obamacare. LGBTQ rights Whitehouse supports LGBTQ rights. In September 2014, he was one of 69 members of Congress to sign a letter to then-FDA commissioner Sylvia Burwell requesting that the FDA revise its policy banning donation of corneas and other tissues by men who have had sex with another man in the preceding five years. He has publicly supported reintroducing the Equal Rights Amendment. Political spending Whitehouse has been a staunch critic of so-called "dark money": political spending by nonprofit organizations that are not required to disclose their donors. He initially focused his criticism on conservative "dark money", but in 2020, as undisclosed political spending on the left significantly exceeded undisclosed political spending on the right, he said this type of spending was a problem on "both sides." In May 2019, Whitehouse spoke about "the dangers of 'dark money' groups funding Congress" at an event funded by the Center for American Progress (CAP) and the American Constitution Society, both groups that have received funding from dark money organizations. Whitehouse and Senator Richard Blumenthal submitted an amicus brief in Janus v. AFSCME, a U.S. Supreme Court case about the power of labor unions to collect fees from non-union members. They urged the Court to uphold the right of public sector unions to collect dues from non-members. Whitehouse expressed concern that the conservative Bradley Foundation had funded multiple organizations involved in the case and that none of those groups had disclosed that funding. Whitehouse has received over $175,000 in campaign donations from the League of Conservation Voters. He has close ties to billionaire Tom Steyer, who has donated $17,300 to Whitehouse since 2006. Other donors to Whitehouse include the Sierra Club and the Natural Resources Defense Council. In March 2021, Whitehouse convened a Senate Judiciary subcommittee hearing titled "What's Wrong with the Supreme Court: The Big-Money Assault on Our Judiciary." He alleged that a "multi-hundred million dollar covert operation" influences the U.S. Supreme Court. Also in March 2021, Whitehouse wrote U.S. Attorney General Merrick Garland a letter asking him to investigate "what appears to have been a politically constrained and perhaps fake FBI investigation into alleged misconduct by now-Supreme Court Justice Brett Kavanaugh." Senator Ben Sasse critiqued Whitehouse's allegation that the FBI investigation of Kavanaugh had been "fake", saying "This kind of paranoid obsession is Nixonian poison to public trust." Electoral history Personal life In 1986, Whitehouse married Sandra Thornton, a marine biologist and granddaughter of James Worth Thornton and Elena Mumm Thornton Wilson. Her step-grandfather was prominent essayist and critic Edmund Wilson. They live in Rhode Island with their two children. Among Whitehouse's distant ancestors are William Bradford, governor of Plymouth Colony, and theologian Archibald Alexander. After meeting with Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke and Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson in September 2008, Whitehouse came under scrutiny due to possible insider trading, when he sold a number of positions, valued at least at $250,000, over the next six days. A spokesperson for his office said that Whitehouse "is not actively involved in the management" of the implicated accounts, and that he "neither directed his financial advisor to undertake any transaction during that time, nor ever took advantage of any exclusive or secret information". Membership in Bailey's Beach Club Whitehouse's longtime ties to the elite private club Bailey's Beach have attracted scrutiny. The New York Times described the club as a haven for members of America's "ruling class" and various media outlets have said it has an all-white membership. In June 2021, Whitehouse defended his family's membership in the club. Asked whether the club had any nonwhite members, Whitehouse replied, "I think the people who are running the place are still working on that, and I'm sorry it hasn't happened yet." Asked whether such clubs should continue to exist, Whitehouse said, "It's a long tradition in Rhode Island." A spokesperson for Whitehouse said the club did not have any restrictive racial policies and that it had members of color. Whitehouse declined to provide details of the club's membership, and the club initially refused to answer questions about its policies or membership. The club ultimately put out a statement saying reports that its members were all-white were "inaccurate and false." The club's president urged members to use "restraint" when speaking to the media. Whitehouse said he would not ask his family members to resign from the club because "they are on the right side of pushing for improvements" and "my relationship with my family is not one in which I tell them what to do." Whitehouse later acknowledged belonging to a Newport sailing club that he said lacked diversity, saying, "Failing to address the sailing club's lack of diversity is squarely on me, and something for which I am sorry." Depictions in media John Rothman portrayed Whitehouse in the 2019 film The Report. Pete Davidson portrayed Whitehouse in the cold open of the season 44 premiere of Saturday Night Live. References External links Senator Sheldon Whitehouse official U.S. Senate website Campaign website |- |- |- |- |- |- 1955 births Living people 21st-century American politicians American Episcopalians American prosecutors Democratic Party United States senators Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy Lawyers from New York City Lawyers from Providence, Rhode Island Politicians from New York City Politicians from Providence, Rhode Island Rhode Island Attorneys General Rhode Island Democrats St. Paul's School (New Hampshire) alumni United States Attorneys for the District of Rhode Island United States senators from Rhode Island University of Virginia School of Law alumni Yale University alumni Whitehouse family

<mask> (born October 20, 1955) is an American lawyer and politician serving as the junior United States senator from Rhode Island since 2007. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as a United States Attorney from 1993 to 1998 and the 71st attorney general of Rhode Island from 1999 to 2003. Early life and education <mask> was born on October 20, 1955, in New York City, New York, the son of Mary Celine (née Rand) and career diplomat <mask>, and grandson of diplomat <mask> (1883–1965). Among his great-great-grandfathers were Episcopalian bishop <mask> and railroad magnate Charles Crocker, who was among the founders of the Central Pacific Railroad. <mask> graduated from St. Paul's School in Concord, New Hampshire, and from Yale College in 1978. He received his Juris Doctor (J.D.) from the University of Virginia School of Law in 1982.Early career <mask> worked as a clerk for Judge Richard Neely of the Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia from 1982 to 1983. He also worked in the Rhode Island Attorney General's office as a special assistant attorney general from 1985 to 1990, chief of the Regulatory Unit (which oversaw utilities) from 1988 to 1990, and as an assistant attorney general from 1989 to 1990. <mask> worked as Rhode Island Governor Bruce Sundlun's Executive Counsel beginning in 1991, and was later tapped to serve as Director of Policy. He oversaw the state's response to the Rhode Island banking crisis that took place soon after Sundlun took office. In 1992 Sundlun appointed <mask> the state's Director of Business Regulation, where he oversaw a drastic reform in the state's workers' compensation insurance system. Early political career U.S. Attorney President Bill Clinton appointed Whitehouse United States Attorney for Rhode Island in 1994. <mask> held the position for four years.With the 1996 extortion conviction of mobster Gerard Ouimette, he was the first prosecutor to convict a member of organized crime under Clinton's "three strikes law". <mask> also initiated the investigation into municipal corruption in Rhode Island that led to Operation Plunder Dome, in which Mayor of Providence Vincent "Buddy" Cianci was eventually convicted on conspiracy charges. As U.S. Attorney for Rhode Island, <mask> oversaw an increase in environmental protection efforts, including an investigation into a Narragansett Bay oil spill that yielded the largest fine in state history. State Attorney General In 1998, <mask> was elected Rhode Island Attorney General. He initiated a lawsuit against the lead paint industry that ended in a mistrial; the state later won a second lawsuit against former lead paint manufacturers Sherwin-Williams, Millennium Holdings, and NL Industries that found them responsible for creating a public nuisance. This decision, however, was unanimously overturned by the Rhode Island Supreme Court on July 1, 2008. The Court found that under Rhode Island law it is the responsibility of property owners to abate and mitigate lead hazards.<mask> also founded the Rhode Island Quality Institute, "an organization dedicated to improving health care quality in the State of Rhode Island". He authorized the first Rhode Island State Police wiretap to investigate public corruption. When black Providence police officer Cornel Young Jr. was shot and killed by two fellow officers while he was off-duty in January 2000, <mask> was criticized for not appointing an independent prosecutor to investigate the shooting. Later that year, <mask> was criticized when 15-year-old Jennifer Rivera, a witness in a murder case, was shot by a relative of the man she was to testify against later that year. After Rivera's shooting, <mask> strengthened the state's witness protection program. 2002 gubernatorial election <mask> ran for the Democratic nomination for governor of Rhode Island in 2002. He lost the primary election to former State Senator Myrth York, who was unsuccessful in the general election against Republican Donald Carcieri.U.S. Senate Elections 2006 In 2006, <mask> ran for the seat occupied by Senator Lincoln Chafee, a Republican seeking a second full term. After winning the Democratic primary by a large margin, <mask> went on to defeat Chafee with 53 percent of the vote. 2012 On November 6, 2012, <mask> won reelection to a second term in office, easily defeating Republican challenger Barry Hinckley, "both in state results and in local towns. <mask> won by 30 points, with 64.9 percent of the vote in Rhode Island". 2018 On November 6, 2018, <mask> was reelected to a third term, defeating Republican Robert Flanders by 23 points. Tenure In 2007, the National Journal ranked <mask> the second-most liberal senator. He voted to confirm Elena Kagan and Sonia Sotomayor to the Supreme Court.In the spring of 2007, <mask> joined other senators in calling for Attorney General Alberto Gonzales's resignation. After Gonzales's first appearance before the Senate Judiciary Committee related to the controversy, <mask> told NPR, "[Gonzales] had a hard sell to make to me, and he didn't make it." He continued to question Gonzales's service in the NSA warrantless surveillance controversy. <mask> has faced some criticism for alleged insider trading, avoiding big losses by trading stocks after top federal officials warned congressional leaders of "the coming economic cataclysm" in September 2008. PolitiFact determined that <mask> falsely claimed Paul Ryan's 2012 budget blueprint "gets rid of Medicare in 10 years." <mask> claimed to have meant that Ryan's plan would have ended Medicare "as we know it", turning it into a voucher program. Upon Attorney General Eric Holder's announcement in September 2014 of his intention to step down, some speculated that <mask> could be nominated as Holder's replacement.In February 2016, after the death of U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice Antonin Scalia, USA Today named <mask> as a possible nominee to fill the vacancy. <mask>'s service as a U.S. Attorney and as Attorney General of Rhode Island gives him both legislative experience and experience as a legal official, though not as a judge. <mask> was ultimately not nominated. Committee assignments Sources: Committee on Budget Committee on Environment and Public Works Subcommittee on Oversight Subcommittee on Superfund, Toxics and Environmental Health Subcommittee on Water and Wildlife (Ranking Member) Committee on Finance Committee on the Judiciary United States Senate Caucus on International Narcotics Control (Chair) Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe Caucus memberships Healthy Kids Caucus International Conservation Caucus (Co-Chair) Senate Oceans Caucus (Co-Chair) Afterschool Caucuses Political positions Criminal justice Despite a generally pro-rehabilitation stance on crime, <mask> supports federal use of the death penalty, but opposes its use at the state level in Rhode Island. He supports gun control and has spoken out against the Patriot Act. D.C. statehood In a 2018 interview with the Providence Journal, <mask> expressed opposition to D.C. statehood. He was dismissive of efforts to give District residents representation in Congress, suggesting they should be satisfied with the amount of federal activity nearby.But in July 2020, he cosponsored a Senate bill to grant D.C. statehood. Economics <mask> supports a more progressive tax system and strongly opposed the Bush tax cuts and proposals to repeal the estate tax and the Alternative Minimum Tax. He voted for the Budget Control Act and against Cut, Cap and Balance and the debt ceiling increase. Earlier in his first term, <mask> voted for the Stimulus package and the TARP. <mask> also opposed the North American Free Trade Agreement and other similar proposals, styling himself as a supporter of fair trade and opposing the use of presidential authority to "fast-track" normalized trade relations. Environmental issues In November 2011, <mask> introduced the Safeguarding America's Future and Environment (SAFE) Act, a bill that would require federal natural resource agencies to be concerned with the long-term effects of climate change, encourage states to prepare natural resource adaptation plans, and "create a science advisory board to ensure that the planning uses the best available science". <mask> voted against cap and trade, but sponsored Offshoring Prevention and supported the Global Warming Reduction Act.Of a proposed action on mandatory emissions curbs, <mask> told The Hill, "I am not hearing anybody on our side, even the people who are more economically concerned about the climate legislation who come from coal states, that sort of thing, saying, 'What are we going to say about this, is this a problem?'" <mask> dismissed the Climatic Research Unit conspiracy theory: "Climategate should properly be known as Climategate-gate because it was the scandal that was phony." The Environmental Defense Fund praised him for working to protect the Gulf Coast wetlands. <mask> has said that the development of alternate energy sources, including solar power, will eliminate U.S. dependence on foreign oil. He has cited the installation of new solar panels on three new bank branches in Rhode Island, saying that the projects "created jobs, they put people to work, they lowered the cost for these banks of their electrical energy, and they get us off foreign oil and away, step by step, from these foreign entanglements that we have to get into to defend our oil supply". PolitiFact investigated the economics of renewable energy and determined that solar and wind investments would not have a large effect on oil consumption, calling <mask>'s comments "mostly false" due to "this misimpression—and because of the other inaccuracies in <mask>'s speech". In a May 29, 2015, Washington Post editorial, <mask> advocated prosecution of members of the fossil fuel industry under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO), in order to investigate their interest in anti-global-warming advocacy.In April 2019, <mask> was one of 12 senators to sign a bipartisan letter to top senators on the Appropriations Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development advocating that the Energy Department be granted maximum funding for carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS), arguing that American job growth could be stimulated by investment in capturing carbon emissions and expressing disagreement with President Trump's 2020 budget request to combine the two federal programs that do carbon capture research. Since 2012, <mask> has spoken on the Senate floor about climate change every week the Senate has been in session, giving his 250th speech on the issue on July 24, 2019. Foreign policy <mask> opposed intervention in Iraq. He supported introducing a timetable for withdrawal from Iraq, saying that the U.S. must use caution in the future and avoid engaging in military action in Iran. <mask> supported a vote that would limit continuing U.S. support for the War in Yemen. Initially, he was one of the two Democratic holdouts in the Senate, but an activist effort, including mobilizing fans of the Rhode Island band Downtown Boys, contributed to changing his position. Health care <mask> supports stem cell research, abortion rights, and affirmative action.He voted for the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. During its passage, <mask> cautioned that conservative opposition to the bill was moving toward historical incidences of mob violence, saying, "Too many colleagues are embarked on a desperate, no-holds-barred mission of propaganda, obstruction and fear. History cautions us of the excesses to which these malignant, vindictive passions can ultimately lead. Tumbrils have rolled through taunting crowds. Broken glass has sparkled in darkened streets. Strange fruit has hung from southern trees". In December 2009, <mask> said "birthers", "fanatics", and "people running around in right-wing militia and Aryan support groups" opposed Obamacare.LGBTQ rights <mask> supports LGBTQ rights. In September 2014, he was one of 69 members of Congress to sign a letter to then-FDA commissioner Sylvia Burwell requesting that the FDA revise its policy banning donation of corneas and other tissues by men who have had sex with another man in the preceding five years. He has publicly supported reintroducing the Equal Rights Amendment. Political spending <mask> has been a staunch critic of so-called "dark money": political spending by nonprofit organizations that are not required to disclose their donors. He initially focused his criticism on conservative "dark money", but in 2020, as undisclosed political spending on the left significantly exceeded undisclosed political spending on the right, he said this type of spending was a problem on "both sides." In May 2019, <mask> spoke about "the dangers of 'dark money' groups funding Congress" at an event funded by the Center for American Progress (CAP) and the American Constitution Society, both groups that have received funding from dark money organizations. <mask> and Senator Richard Blumenthal submitted an amicus brief in Janus v. AFSCME, a U.S. Supreme Court case about the power of labor unions to collect fees from non-union members.They urged the Court to uphold the right of public sector unions to collect dues from non-members. <mask> expressed concern that the conservative Bradley Foundation had funded multiple organizations involved in the case and that none of those groups had disclosed that funding. <mask> has received over $175,000 in campaign donations from the League of Conservation Voters. He has close ties to billionaire Tom Steyer, who has donated $17,300 to <mask> since 2006. Other donors to <mask> include the Sierra Club and the Natural Resources Defense Council. In March 2021, <mask> convened a Senate Judiciary subcommittee hearing titled "What's Wrong with the Supreme Court: The Big-Money Assault on Our Judiciary." He alleged that a "multi-hundred million dollar covert operation" influences the U.S. Supreme Court.Also in March 2021, <mask> wrote U.S. Attorney General Merrick Garland a letter asking him to investigate "what appears to have been a politically constrained and perhaps fake FBI investigation into alleged misconduct by now-Supreme Court Justice Brett Kavanaugh." Senator Ben Sasse critiqued <mask>'s allegation that the FBI investigation of Kavanaugh had been "fake", saying "This kind of paranoid obsession is Nixonian poison to public trust." Electoral history Personal life In 1986, <mask> married Sandra Thornton, a marine biologist and granddaughter of James Worth Thornton and Elena Mumm Thornton Wilson. Her step-grandfather was prominent essayist and critic Edmund Wilson. They live in Rhode Island with their two children. Among <mask>'s distant ancestors are William Bradford, governor of Plymouth Colony, and theologian Archibald Alexander. After meeting with Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke and Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson in September 2008, <mask> came under scrutiny due to possible insider trading, when he sold a number of positions, valued at least at $250,000, over the next six days.A spokesperson for his office said that <mask> "is not actively involved in the management" of the implicated accounts, and that he "neither directed his financial advisor to undertake any transaction during that time, nor ever took advantage of any exclusive or secret information". Membership in Bailey's Beach Club Whitehouse's longtime ties to the elite private club Bailey's Beach have attracted scrutiny. The New York Times described the club as a haven for members of America's "ruling class" and various media outlets have said it has an all-white membership. In June 2021, <mask> defended his family's membership in the club. Asked whether the club had any nonwhite members, <mask> replied, "I think the people who are running the place are still working on that, and I'm sorry it hasn't happened yet." Asked whether such clubs should continue to exist, <mask> said, "It's a long tradition in Rhode Island." A spokesperson for <mask> said the club did not have any restrictive racial policies and that it had members of color.<mask> declined to provide details of the club's membership, and the club initially refused to answer questions about its policies or membership. The club ultimately put out a statement saying reports that its members were all-white were "inaccurate and false." The club's president urged members to use "restraint" when speaking to the media. <mask> said he would not ask his family members to resign from the club because "they are on the right side of pushing for improvements" and "my relationship with my family is not one in which I tell them what to do." <mask> later acknowledged belonging to a Newport sailing club that he said lacked diversity, saying, "Failing to address the sailing club's lack of diversity is squarely on me, and something for which I am sorry." Depictions in media John Rothman portrayed <mask> in the 2019 film The Report. Pete Davidson portrayed <mask> in the cold open of the season 44 premiere of Saturday Night Live.References External links Senator <mask> official U.S. Senate website Campaign website |- |- |- |- |- |- 1955 births Living people 21st-century American politicians American Episcopalians American prosecutors Democratic Party United States senators Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy Lawyers from New York City Lawyers from Providence, Rhode Island Politicians from New York City Politicians from Providence, Rhode Island Rhode Island Attorneys General Rhode Island Democrats St. Paul's School (New Hampshire) alumni United States Attorneys for the District of Rhode Island United States senators from Rhode Island University of Virginia School of Law alumni Yale University alumni <mask> family

Since 2007, <mask> has served as the junior United States senator from Rhode Island. He served as the 71st attorney general of Rhode Island from 1999 to 2003 and was a member of the Democratic Party. <mask> was born on October 20, 1955 in New York City, New York, the son of a career diplomat and the grandson of a diplomat. His great-great-grandfathers were the Episcopalian bishop <mask> and the railroad magnate Charles Crocker. <mask> attended both St. Paul's School in Concord, New Hampshire, and Yale College. He received a Juris Doctor. In 1982, I graduated from the University of Virginia School of Law.<mask> worked as a clerk for a judge on the Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia. From 1988 to 1990 he was the chief of the Regulatory Unit in the Rhode Island Attorney General's office. <mask> was tapped to serve as Director of Policy after working as Rhode Island Governor Bruce Sundlun's Executive Counsel. He was in charge of the state's response to the Rhode Island banking crisis. <mask> oversaw the reform of the state's workers' compensation insurance system after he was appointed the state's Director of Business Regulation. <mask> was appointed United States Attorney for Rhode Island in 1994. <mask> held the position for four years.He was the first prosecutor to convict a member of organized crime under Clinton's "three strikes law". The investigation into municipal corruption in Rhode Island led to the conviction of the Mayor of Providence, Buddy Cianci. <mask> oversaw an increase in environmental protection efforts, including an investigation into a Narragansett Bay oil spill that yielded the largest fine in state history. <mask> was elected Rhode Island Attorney General in 1998. He initiated a lawsuit against the lead paint industry that ended in a mis trial, and the state later won a second lawsuit against former lead paint manufacturers that found them responsible for creating a public nuisance. The Rhode Island Supreme Court overturned the decision on July 1, 2008. The responsibility of property owners to abate and mitigate lead hazard is found in Rhode Island law.<mask> founded the Rhode Island Quality Institute to improve health care quality in Rhode Island. The first Rhode Island State Police wiretap was authorized by him. <mask> was criticized for not appointing an independent prosecutor to investigate the shooting of a black Providence police officer. <mask> was criticized when a witness in a murder case was shot by a relative of the man she was to testify against. <mask> strengthened the state's witness protection program after Rivera's shooting. <mask> ran for governor of Rhode Island in 2002. He lost the primary election to Myrth York, who went on to lose the general election to Donald Carcieri.<mask> ran for the seat occupied by Senator Lincoln Chafee, a Republican who was seeking a second full term. <mask> defeated Chafee with 53 percent of the vote after winning the Democratic primary. <mask> won reelection to a second term in office, easily defeating Republican challenger Barry Hinckley, both in state results and in local towns. <mask> got 64.9% of the vote in Rhode Island. <mask> was reelected to a third term on November 6. <mask> was ranked the second-most liberal senator by the National Journal. He voted to confirm the two Supreme Court justices.<mask> joined other senators in calling for the resignation of the Attorney General. After his first appearance before the Senate Judiciary Committee, <mask> told NPR, "Gonzales had a hard sell to make to me, and he didn't make it." He continued to question the service of Gonzales. <mask> avoided big losses by trading stocks after top federal officials warned congressional leaders of the coming economic cataclysm. <mask> made a false claim that Paul Ryan's 2012 budget would get rid of Medicare in 10 years. <mask> said that Ryan's plan would have ended Medicare and turned it into a voucher program. <mask> was rumored to be the replacement for Attorney General Eric Holder after he announced his intention to step down.USA Today named <mask> as a possible nominee to the Supreme Court after Antonin Scalia died. <mask> has both legislative experience and experience as a legal official, but not as a judge. <mask> was not nominated. The committee assignments are as follows: Committee on Budget Committee on Environment and Public Works Subcommittee on Oversight Subcommittee on Superfund, Toxics and Environmental Health Subcommittee on Water and Wildlife Committee on Finance Committee He supports gun control and has spoken out against it. <mask> expressed opposition to D.C. statehood in an interview with the Providence Journal. He suggested that District residents should be satisfied with the amount of federal activity close to them.He cosponsored a Senate bill to grant D.C. statehood. The Bush tax cuts and repeal of the estate tax were opposed by <mask>. He voted against Cut, Cap and Balance and the debt ceiling increase. <mask> voted for the Stimulus package in his first term. <mask> opposed the North American Free Trade Agreement and other similar proposals, as well as opposing the use of presidential authority to "fast-track" normalized trade relations. <mask> introduced the Safeguarding America's Future and Environment (SAFE) Act, a bill that would require federal natural resource agencies to be concerned with the long-term effects of climate change, encourage states to prepare natural resource adaptation plans, and create a science advisory board. <mask> supported the Global Warming Reduction Act but voted against cap and trade.<mask> told The Hill, "I am not hearing anybody on our side, even the people who are more economically concerned about the climate legislation who come from coal states, that sort of thing." The Climatic Research Unit conspiracy theory was dismissed by <mask>. He worked to protect the wetlands on the Gulf Coast. <mask> believes that the development of alternate energy sources, including solar power, will eliminate U.S. dependence on foreign oil. He said that the installation of new solar panels on three new bank branches in Rhode Island created jobs, put people to work, and lowered the cost for these banks of their electrical energy. PolitiFact investigated the economics of renewable energy and determined that solar and wind investments would not have a large effect on oil consumption. <mask> advocated prosecution of members of the fossil fuel industry under the RICO Act in order to investigate their interest in anti-global-warming advocacy.In April, <mask> was one of 12 senators to sign a bipartisan letter to top senators advocating that the Energy Department be granted maximum funding for carbon capture, utilization and storage, arguing that American job growth could be stimulated by investment in capturing carbon. <mask> has spoken on the Senate floor about climate change every week since 2012 and gave his 250th speech on July 24, 2019. <mask> opposed intervention in Iraq. He wanted the U.S. to use caution in the future and not engage in military action in Iran. <mask> voted in favor of limiting U.S. support for the War in Yemen. Initially, he was one of the two Democratic holdouts in the Senate, but an activist effort, including fans of the Rhode Island band Downtown Boys, contributed to changing his position. <mask> supports stem cell research, abortion rights, and affirmative action.He voted for the act. <mask> warned that conservative opposition to the bill was moving toward historical incidences of mob violence, saying, "Too many colleagues are embarked on a desperate, no-holds-barred mission of propaganda, obstruction and fear." The excesses to which these passions can lead are cautions by history. Tumbrils have rolled through crowds. There is broken glass in the streets. Strange fruit has been hanging from trees. <mask> said "birthers,fanatics, and people running around in right-wing militia and Aryan support groups" opposed the health care law.<mask> supports the rights of the LGBTQ community. In September of 2014, he was one of 69 members of Congress to sign a letter requesting that the FDA revise its policy banning donation of corneas and other tissues by men who have had sex with another man in the preceding five years. He supports the Equal Rights Amendment. <mask> has been a critic of so-called "dark money", political spending by nonprofit organizations that are not required to disclose their donors. He initially focused his criticism on conservative "dark money", but in 2020 he said this type of spending was a problem on both sides. <mask> spoke about the dangers of dark money groups funding Congress at an event funded by the Center for American Progress and the American Constitution Society. <mask> and Blumenthal submitted a brief in the case about the power of labor unions to collect fees from non-union members.They urged the court to uphold the right of public sector unions to collect dues. <mask> was concerned that the Bradley Foundation had funded multiple organizations involved in the case and that none of them had disclosed that funding. <mask> has received hundreds of thousands of dollars in campaign donations. He has close ties to Tom Steyer, who has donated to Whitehouse in the past. The Natural Resources Defense Council is one of the donors to Whitehouse. <mask> held a Senate Judiciary subcommittee hearing titled "What's Wrong with the Supreme Court: The Big-money assault on our Judiciary." He claimed that the U.S. Supreme Court was influenced by a multi-hundred million dollar covert operation.<mask> wrote a letter to the U.S. Attorney General asking him to investigate "what appears to have been a politically constrained and perhaps fake FBI investigation into alleged misconduct by now-Supreme Court Justice Brett Kavanaugh." "This kind of paranoid obsession is Nixonian poison to public trust," said Senator Ben Sasse. <mask> married the granddaughter of James Worth Thornton and Elena Mumm Thornton Wilson in 1986. Edmund Wilson was a critic and essayist. They have two children in Rhode Island. The governor of Plymouth Colony and a theologian are among <mask>'s distant ancestors. <mask> sold a number of positions, worth at least $250,000, over the next six days after he met with Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke and Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson.<mask>'s office said that he was not involved in the management of the accounts, and that he never took advantage of any exclusive or secret information. Bailey's Beach Club Whitehouse's ties to the elite private club Bailey's Beach have attracted scrutiny. The New York Times described the club as a haven for members of America's "ruling class" and various media outlets have said it has an all-white membership. <mask> defended his family's membership in the club. <mask> replied, "I think the people who are running the place are still working on that, and I'm sorry it hasn't happened yet." <mask> said it was a long tradition in Rhode Island to have such clubs. <mask> had members of color and did not have any restrictive racial policies, according to a spokesman for the club.<mask> refused to give details of the club's membership, and the club initially refused to answer questions about its policies. There were reports that the club's members were all-white. The club's president told members to be careful when speaking to the media. <mask> said he wouldn't ask his family members to leave the club because they were on the right side of pushing for improvements and his relationship with his family was not one in which he told them what to do. <mask> apologized for failing to address the sailing club's lack of diversity, saying, "Failing to address the sailing club's lack of diversity is squarely on me, and something for which I am sorry." <mask> was portrayed in the film The Report. <mask> was portrayed by Pete Davidson in the cold open of SNL.References External links <mask> official U.S. Senate website

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Moore%20%28military%20officer%29

David Moore (military officer)

David Moore (July 3, 1817 – July 19, 1893) was an American military officer who served in the Mexican–American War and the American Civil War. He attained the rank of brevet Brigadier General, United States Volunteers before leaving military service. Later he would serve as a member of the Missouri General Assembly. Early life David Moore was born in Columbiana County, Ohio on July 3, 1817 to John and Sarah (Clark) Moore. His father John Moore, an Irish immigrant, served in the War of 1812 and moved to Ohio shortly thereafter. David had two siblings—a sister and a brother—plus several half-siblings from his widowed father's first marriage. At the age of thirteen Moore moved to Wayne County, Ohio and became a carpenter's apprentice until he was eighteen. He continued in the trade until 1847 when he participated in the Mexican–American War as Captain of an Ohio unit known as the Wooster Guards, which became Company "E" of the 3rd Ohio Infantry Regiment. After returning from the war, he moved to Missouri in 1850 and took up farming as an occupation as well as small-town merchant. The Civil War At the outbreak of the war Moore was living in the small northeast Missouri village of Wrightsville. It was there his friend (and future Missouri State Treasurer) Colonel William Bishop, on orders from General Nathaniel Lyon, recruited him to organize a unit of Missouri Home Guards to protect the area from Confederate raiders. Dressed in his Mexican–American War uniform, David Moore rode into Alexandria, Missouri on June 24, 1861 to take the oath of loyalty to the Union. Given the rank of captain, he had handbills printed the same day inviting "all who are willing to fight for their homes, their county, and the flag of our glorious Union" to enlist "bringing their arms and ammunition." A sufficient number of men had been recruited from the Clark County, Missouri area within two weeks and on July 4, 1861 in Kahoka they were officially organized as the 1st Northeast Missouri Home Guards, Moore being elected the unit's colonel. After the swearing in and organization, Moore and about five hundred men moved from Kahoka to the strategically important river port of Athens, Missouri. Also in Clark county and not far from the confluence of the Des Moines and Mississippi Rivers, Moore established a training camp there as well as used it as a base of operations against area pro-Confederate bushwhackers and Missouri State Guard (MSG) under Colonel Martin E. Green. Athens also had the advantage of being across-river from a Union army supply depot at Croton, Iowa and its railroad access. On July 21, 1861 Moore's troops, with assistance from Illinois and Iowa units, attacked the village of Etna in next-door Scotland County, Missouri and drove off elements of MSG cavalry then retreated back to fortified Athens. Battle of Athens In response to the action of July 21, MSG Colonel Green broke camp at his Fabius River training base and marched toward Athens, stopping long enough to rout a small Home Guard force at Edina, Knox County, Missouri on July 31, 1861. On August 5, 1861 Green's force of 2,000 MSG—among them two of Moore's sons—with three cannon attacked Athens. Moore had something around 500 troops under his command but they were better armed, with a recently arrived shipment of Springfield rifles. Despite being outnumbered four-to-one, the pro-Union Home Guards were able to withstand the initial attack. Seeing the MSG faltering, Colonel Moore led a bayonet charge that sent the enemy scattering. Soon, reinforcements from Croton, Farmington, Iowa and Keokuk, Iowa across the river to help complete the rout. Green's men suffered losses estimated as anywhere between thirty and fifty dead and an unknown number of wounded, while the Home Guard reported only three dead and twenty wounded. Moore's forces also 450 horses, assorted small arms, and MSG cannons. The 21st Missouri Colonel Moore's 1st Missouri Home Guards, along with Colonel Humphrey Woodyard's 2nd Missouri Home Guards continued to pursue Confederate elements in the late summer and fall after the Battle of Athens. On December 31, 1861 the two were combined to form the 21st Missouri Volunteer Infantry Regiment. The following March, after being augmented with further units from Iowa and Illinois, the unit was assigned to the command of General Ulysses S. Grant. On April 6, 1862 Moore was wounded while participating in the early actions of the Battle of Shiloh. While leading his men from the front Moore was struck by three bullets. This caused the loss of his right leg below the knee, but after three months recovery he would return to command in early July, 1862. His return was fortuitous, because the next month disgruntled members of the 21st made a half-hearted attempt at mutiny. Moore responded quickly and forcefully, arresting all and court martialed the six ringleaders. All further thoughts of mutiny or mass desertion were quashed among the 21st soldiers. The 21st Missouri returned to heavy combat action in Fall, 1862, participating in the Battle of Iuka on September 19 and the Second Battle of Corinth on October 3–4. Moore and his regiment wrapped up their busy 1862 by participating in the first phase of General Grant's Vicksburg Campaign in December. Nearly all of 1863 was spent in garrison duty, protecting Union supply lines and strategic towns like Columbus, Kentucky and the Tennessee towns of Union City, Clinton, and Memphis. The year 1864 would see the men of the 21st once again assigned to hard fighting as they served in the Third Division of the Union XVI Corps participating in the Meridian Expedition, Red River Campaign and, especially, the Battle of Tupelo, where Moore and his men were noted for their fierce stand against the dismounted cavalry of Nathan Bedford Forrest. The regiment would also return home to Missouri briefly in 1864 in response to Price's Raid, pursuing Confederate General Sterling Price across the Show-Me state and neighboring Arkansas. David Moore and the 21st would begin 1865 with more garrison duty, but their commander would not remain with them for long. Moore left the regiment in early February, almost three years to the day of its organization. On February 21, 1865 Moore was brevetted to the rank of Brigadier General and set about organizing another regiment, the 51st Missouri. In May he assumed command of the 51st along with the First Military District of Missouri, based in St. Louis. The war now over, he remained in command until mustering out the service on August 31, 1865. Life after the military General Moore returned to northeast Missouri following the war's conclusion and again set about engaging in farming activities and the mercantile business in Canton, Missouri. In 1869 he was again called to public service, being elected as a Liberal Republican to a four-year term representing Missouri's 12th District in the Missouri State Senate. Post-war, Moore was also quite active in the Grand Army of the Republic (GAR), and became a Master Mason. In addition to raising crops, David Moore was raising a second family after the war. His first wife, Pennsylvania native Diademia (Schnabel) Moore, died in 1865 after bearing him five sons and a daughter: William W., Eugene, John C., Charles A, Thomas, and Frankie. As previously written, two of Moore's sons fought for the Missouri State Guard against him at Athens. David Moore's second wife, the widow May (Mattingly) Carnegy of Union County, Kentucky, bore him three daughters—Katie (deceased in childhood), Katie D., and Nellie—and also brought two step-sons and four step-daughters to the marriage. Moore continued to be somewhat active in Missouri Republican politics until his death on July 19, 1893. See also List of American Civil War brevet generals References 19th-century American politicians 1817 births 1893 deaths American military personnel of the Mexican–American War Missouri Republicans Missouri state senators People from Columbiana County, Ohio People from Canton, Missouri People of Missouri in the American Civil War United States Army officers Union Army colonels

<mask> (July 3, 1817 – July 19, 1893) was an American military officer who served in the Mexican–American War and the American Civil War. He attained the rank of brevet Brigadier General, United States Volunteers before leaving military service. Later he would serve as a member of the Missouri General Assembly. Early life <mask> was born in Columbiana County, Ohio on July 3, 1817 to John and Sarah (Clark<mask>. His father <mask>, an Irish immigrant, served in the War of 1812 and moved to Ohio shortly thereafter. <mask> had two siblings—a sister and a brother—plus several half-siblings from his widowed father's first marriage. At the age of thirteen <mask> moved to Wayne County, Ohio and became a carpenter's apprentice until he was eighteen.He continued in the trade until 1847 when he participated in the Mexican–American War as Captain of an Ohio unit known as the Wooster Guards, which became Company "E" of the 3rd Ohio Infantry Regiment. After returning from the war, he moved to Missouri in 1850 and took up farming as an occupation as well as small-town merchant. The Civil War At the outbreak of the war <mask> was living in the small northeast Missouri village of Wrightsville. It was there his friend (and future Missouri State Treasurer) Colonel William Bishop, on orders from General Nathaniel Lyon, recruited him to organize a unit of Missouri Home Guards to protect the area from Confederate raiders. Dressed in his Mexican–American War uniform, <mask> rode into Alexandria, Missouri on June 24, 1861 to take the oath of loyalty to the Union. Given the rank of captain, he had handbills printed the same day inviting "all who are willing to fight for their homes, their county, and the flag of our glorious Union" to enlist "bringing their arms and ammunition." A sufficient number of men had been recruited from the Clark County, Missouri area within two weeks and on July 4, 1861 in Kahoka they were officially organized as the 1st Northeast Missouri Home Guards, <mask> being elected the unit's colonel.After the swearing in and organization, <mask> and about five hundred men moved from Kahoka to the strategically important river port of Athens, Missouri. Also in Clark county and not far from the confluence of the Des Moines and Mississippi Rivers, <mask> established a training camp there as well as used it as a base of operations against area pro-Confederate bushwhackers and Missouri State Guard (MSG) under Colonel Martin E. Green. Athens also had the advantage of being across-river from a Union army supply depot at Croton, Iowa and its railroad access. On July 21, 1861 <mask>'s troops, with assistance from Illinois and Iowa units, attacked the village of Etna in next-door Scotland County, Missouri and drove off elements of MSG cavalry then retreated back to fortified Athens. Battle of Athens In response to the action of July 21, MSG Colonel Green broke camp at his Fabius River training base and marched toward Athens, stopping long enough to rout a small Home Guard force at Edina, Knox County, Missouri on July 31, 1861. On August 5, 1861 Green's force of 2,000 MSG—among them two of <mask>'s sons—with three cannon attacked Athens. <mask> had something around 500 troops under his command but they were better armed, with a recently arrived shipment of Springfield rifles.Despite being outnumbered four-to-one, the pro-Union Home Guards were able to withstand the initial attack. Seeing the MSG faltering, Colonel <mask> led a bayonet charge that sent the enemy scattering. Soon, reinforcements from Croton, Farmington, Iowa and Keokuk, Iowa across the river to help complete the rout. Green's men suffered losses estimated as anywhere between thirty and fifty dead and an unknown number of wounded, while the Home Guard reported only three dead and twenty wounded. <mask>'s forces also 450 horses, assorted small arms, and MSG cannons. The 21st Missouri Colonel <mask>'s 1st Missouri Home Guards, along with Colonel Humphrey Woodyard's 2nd Missouri Home Guards continued to pursue Confederate elements in the late summer and fall after the Battle of Athens. On December 31, 1861 the two were combined to form the 21st Missouri Volunteer Infantry Regiment.The following March, after being augmented with further units from Iowa and Illinois, the unit was assigned to the command of General Ulysses S. Grant. On April 6, 1862 <mask> was wounded while participating in the early actions of the Battle of Shiloh. While leading his men from the front <mask> was struck by three bullets. This caused the loss of his right leg below the knee, but after three months recovery he would return to command in early July, 1862. His return was fortuitous, because the next month disgruntled members of the 21st made a half-hearted attempt at mutiny. <mask> responded quickly and forcefully, arresting all and court martialed the six ringleaders. All further thoughts of mutiny or mass desertion were quashed among the 21st soldiers.The 21st Missouri returned to heavy combat action in Fall, 1862, participating in the Battle of Iuka on September 19 and the Second Battle of Corinth on October 3–4. <mask> and his regiment wrapped up their busy 1862 by participating in the first phase of General Grant's Vicksburg Campaign in December. Nearly all of 1863 was spent in garrison duty, protecting Union supply lines and strategic towns like Columbus, Kentucky and the Tennessee towns of Union City, Clinton, and Memphis. The year 1864 would see the men of the 21st once again assigned to hard fighting as they served in the Third Division of the Union XVI Corps participating in the Meridian Expedition, Red River Campaign and, especially, the Battle of Tupelo, where <mask> and his men were noted for their fierce stand against the dismounted cavalry of Nathan Bedford Forrest. The regiment would also return home to Missouri briefly in 1864 in response to Price's Raid, pursuing Confederate General Sterling Price across the Show-Me state and neighboring Arkansas. <mask> and the 21st would begin 1865 with more garrison duty, but their commander would not remain with them for long. <mask> left the regiment in early February, almost three years to the day of its organization.On February 21, 1865 <mask> was brevetted to the rank of Brigadier General and set about organizing another regiment, the 51st Missouri. In May he assumed command of the 51st along with the First Military District of Missouri, based in St. Louis. The war now over, he remained in command until mustering out the service on August 31, 1865. Life after the military General <mask> returned to northeast Missouri following the war's conclusion and again set about engaging in farming activities and the mercantile business in Canton, Missouri. In 1869 he was again called to public service, being elected as a Liberal Republican to a four-year term representing Missouri's 12th District in the Missouri State Senate. Post-war, <mask> was also quite active in the Grand Army of the Republic (GAR), and became a Master Mason. In addition to raising crops, <mask> was raising a second family after the war.His first wife, Pennsylvania native Diademia (Schnabel) <mask>, died in 1865 after bearing him five sons and a daughter: William W., Eugene, John C., Charles A, Thomas, and Frankie. As previously written, two of <mask>'s sons fought for the Missouri State Guard against him at Athens. <mask>'s second wife, the widow May (Mattingly) Carnegy of Union County, Kentucky, bore him three daughters—Katie (deceased in childhood), Katie D., and Nellie—and also brought two step-sons and four step-daughters to the marriage. <mask> continued to be somewhat active in Missouri Republican politics until his death on July 19, 1893. See also List of American Civil War brevet generals References 19th-century American politicians 1817 births 1893 deaths American military personnel of the Mexican–American War Missouri Republicans Missouri state senators People from Columbiana County, Ohio People from Canton, Missouri People of Missouri in the American Civil War United States Army officers Union Army colonels

<mask> was an American military officer who served in the Mexican–American War and the American Civil War. He attained the rank of brigadier general before leaving the military. He became a member of the Missouri General Assembly. On July 3, 1817, <mask> was born to John and Sarah (Clark<mask> in Columbiana County, Ohio. <mask> moved to Ohio after he served in the War of 1812. <mask> had several half-siblings from his father's first marriage. <mask> became a carpenter's apprenticeship after moving to Wayne County, Ohio at the age of thirteen.During the 1847 Mexican–American War, he was the Captain of an Ohio unit known as the Wooster Guards, which became Company "E" of the 3rd Ohio Infantry. After returning from the war, he moved to Missouri and started farming as well as a small-town merchant. <mask> lived in the small northeast Missouri village of Wrightsville during the Civil War. Colonel William Bishop recruited him to organize a unit of Missouri Home Guards to protect the area from Confederate raiders. On June 24, 1861, <mask> rode into Alexandria, Missouri in his Mexican–American War uniform to take the oath of loyalty to the Union. "All who are willing to fight for their homes, their county, and the flag of our glorious Union" was printed on his handbills. <mask> was elected the 1st Northeast Missouri Home Guards' colonel on July 4, 1861, after a sufficient number of men were recruited from the Clark County, Missouri area within two weeks.<mask> and about five hundred men moved from Kahoka to the important river port of Athens, Missouri after the swearing in and organization. <mask> established a training camp in Clark county and used it as a base of operations against pro-Confederate bushwhackers and the Missouri State Guard. Being across the river from a Union army supply depot gave Athens an advantage. On July 21, 1861 <mask>'s troops, with assistance from Illinois and Iowa units, attacked the village of Etna in Scotland County, Missouri, then retreated back to Athens. The Battle of Athens took place on July 31, 1861, after Colonel Green broke camp at his Fabius River training base and marched toward Athens. Two of <mask>'s sons were part of Green's force that attacked Athens. <mask> had around 500 troops under his command, but they were better armed with a recent shipment of Springfield rifles.The pro-Union Home Guards were able to hold their ground despite being outnumbered. Colonel <mask> led a charge that sent the enemy scattering. Soon, reinforcements from several states will cross the river to help finish the job. The Home Guard reported only three dead and twenty wounded, but Green's men lost anywhere between thirty and fifty dead and an unknown number of wounded. <mask>'s forces have 450 horses, cannons, and small arms. After the Battle of Athens, Colonel <mask>'s 1st Missouri Home Guards and Colonel Humphrey Woodyard's 2nd Missouri Home Guards continued to pursue Confederate elements. The 21st Missouri Volunteer Infantry Regiment was formed on December 31, 1861.After being augmented with more units from Iowa and Illinois, the unit was assigned to the command of General Grant. <mask> was wounded in the Battle of Shiloh. <mask> was hit by three bullets while leading his men. After three months of recovery, he would return to command in July, 1862. The next month disgruntled members of the 21st made a half-hearted attempt at revolt. <mask> arrested all and court martialed the six ringleaders. There were no more thoughts of mass desertion among the 21st soldiers.In the fall of 1862, the 21st Missouri fought in the Battle of Iuka and the Second Battle of Corinth. <mask> and his men were part of the first phase of the Vicksburg Campaign in December of 1862. Union supply lines and strategic towns like Columbus, Kentucky and the Tennessee towns of Union City, Clinton, and Memphis were protected by garrison duty. The men of the 21st were once again assigned to hard fighting as they served in the Third Division of the Union XVI Corps participating in the Red River Campaign and the Battle of Tupelo, where <mask> and his men were noted for their fierce stand against the Confederates. In response to Price's Raid, the regiment returned home to Missouri for a short time in the late 19th century. <mask> and the 21st would begin garrison duty in 1865, but their commander wouldn't stay with them for long. Three years to the day after its organization, <mask> left the regiment.<mask> was promoted to the rank of brigadier general on February 21, 1865. He assumed command of the 51st along with the First Military District of Missouri in May. He remained in command until August 31, 1865, after the war ended. After the war ended, General <mask> came back to northeast Missouri and started farming and running a business in Canton, Missouri. He was elected as a Liberal Republican in 1869 to represent Missouri's 12th District in the Missouri State Senate. <mask> became a Master Mason after being active in the GAR. <mask> was raising a second family after the war.He had five sons and a daughter with his first wife, Pennsylvania native Diademia <mask>, who died in 1865. Two of <mask>'s sons fought for the Missouri State Guard against him. <mask>'s second wife, the widow May (Mattingly) Carnegy of Union County, Kentucky, bore him three daughters and brought two step-sons and four step-daughters to the marriage. <mask> was active in Missouri Republican politics until his death. There is a list of American Civil War brevet generals.

3229949

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brenden%20Morrow

Brenden Morrow

Brenden Blair Morrow (born January 16, 1979) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey left winger. Morrow was drafted in the first round, 25th overall, by the Dallas Stars at the 1997 NHL Entry Draft, the organization he would play with for 13 seasons before brief stints with the Pittsburgh Penguins, St. Louis Blues, and Tampa Bay Lightning. Morrow played major junior hockey in the Western Hockey League (WHL) for the Portland Winter Hawks. During his junior career, he helped Portland win the 1998 Memorial Cup during the 1997–98 season. Internationally, Morrow represented Canada, first winning a silver medal at the 1999 World Junior Championships with the junior team. He has also represented the senior Team Canada squad, most often at the Ice Hockey World Championships (four times), winning a gold medal in 2004 and a silver medal in 2005. He also played for Canada at the 2004 World Cup of Hockey, which Canada won. Morrow was named to Canada's roster for the 2010 Winter Olympics, where he scored two goals and added an assist in the tournament as Canada won gold. Playing career Minor Morrow played minor hockey in his hometown of Carlyle, Saskatchewan, and in the nearby community of Estevan. Despite putting up impressive numbers in his final year of bantam hockey (117 goals, 72 assists in 60 games), Morrow was not selected in the WHL Bantam Draft, and instead walked-on with the Portland Winter Hawks. Junior Morrow spent his entire junior career with the Winterhawks. In his rookie WHL season, he played in 65 games and recorded 25 points (13 goals and 12 assists). Later in his junior career, Morrow contributed more offensively and in his final three seasons in the WHL, he scored 88, 86 and 85 points, respectively. After the 1996–97 season, Morrow was selected by the Dallas Stars in the first round, 25th overall, of the 1997 NHL Entry Draft. During the 1997–98 WHL Season, Morrow helped the Winterhawks capture the Memorial Cup. During the 1998 Memorial Cup tournament, Morrow scored one goal and added two assists in four games. He represented the Western Conference in the WHL's All-Star Classic three times, in 1997, 1998 and 1999. After the 1998–99 season, Morrow was named to the WHL's Western Conference First All-Star Team and also to the CHL Third All-Star Team. Professional Morrow began his professional career in 1999. He split the 1999–2000 season between the NHL's Dallas Stars and the Michigan K-Wings of the International Hockey League (IHL). He played his first game with the Stars on November 18, 1999, against the Philadelphia Flyers, and recorded his first points (a goal and an assist) on November 22, 1999, against the Colorado Avalanche. After this season, Morrow was named the team's Rookie of the Year. After his rookie campaign with the Stars, Morrow became a regular fixture in the Dallas lineup, playing at least 70 games in each season until the 2006–07 season, when he missed 33 games after suffering severed tendons in his wrist. He bounced back with a strong 2007–08 season, where he played in all of the Stars' 82 games, but a knee injury (an ACL tear) limited him to just 18 games in 2008–09. He has often played through injuries, including a return to play despite breaking a bone in his ankle during the 2000 Stanley Cup playoffs. Morrow played in the NHL YoungStars Game at the 2002 NHL All-Star Game, which was held in Los Angeles, California, where he scored a goal and added an assist. During the 2001–02 NHL season, he recorded his 100th career NHL point against the San Jose Sharks. He recorded his 300th career NHL point against the Chicago Blackhawks during the 2006–07 NHL season. During the NHL lockout of 2004–05, Morrow signed a contract with the Oklahoma City Blazers of the Central Hockey League and played in 19 games. Prior to the 2006–07 NHL season, Morrow was named the captain of the Stars, after the team asked incumbent captain Mike Modano to step down from the position. The Stars wanted to reward Morrow for his commitment to the team, after he bypassed free agency to sign a six-year contract with the team. The Stars also felt the need to shift some leadership responsibilities to younger members of the team. Morrow's teammates and coaches greatly admired his dedication to the team, and believed he was an ideal choice to fill the role. Heading into the 2009–10 season, Morrow ranked 14th on the all-time scoring list for the Stars' franchise. He has a knack for scoring big goals, as evidenced by his scoring three of the team's last four overtime winning goals in the playoffs. Morrow was injured often during the 2011–12 season. He missed 25 games due to shoulder and upper back injuries, including 18 matches at the beginning of the 2012 year. Morrow returned to action on March 9 after the Stars activated him from injure reserve. On March 24, 2013, Morrow was traded to the Pittsburgh Penguins, along with Dallas' third-round pick in 2013, in exchange for Joe Morrow (no relation) and the Penguins' 2013 fifth-round draft pick. On September 23, 2013, Morrow signed a one-year deal as an unrestricted free agent with the St. Louis Blues. On July 11, 2014, Morrow signed as a free agent to a one-year deal with the Tampa Bay Lightning. On June 17, 2015, during exit interviews, Morrow stated that he may "give it one more go," though he stated that he could change his mind in two weeks when it was time to resume workouts. Morrow stated that he had not spoken to Lightning General Manager Steve Yzerman about returning to the team, but he stated that he would love to return. Morrow said that he "had more fun here in this short time than I've had in I don't know how many years." Despite this, the Lightning opted not to re-sign Morrow, who had finished the season with career-low offensive statistics, and Morrow went unsigned throughout the summer. On March 17, 2016, Morrow announced his retirement. He bookended his career with Stanley Cup Final appearances in 2000 with the Stars and 2015 with the Lightning. International play Morrow's first international experience with Hockey Canada was at the 1995 World U17 Hockey Challenge in Moncton, New Brunswick, where he played for Team West and finished fourth. He was selected to Canada's team at the 1999 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships, which were held in Winnipeg, Manitoba. During the tournament, Morrow scored one goal and recorded seven assists in seven games. During this tournament, Morrow set a Canadian World Junior record with five assists in one game against Kazakhstan. Canada finished the tournament with the silver medal after losing to Russia in overtime in the gold medal game. Morrow has also represented Canada at the senior men's level, playing in the World Championships four times (2001, 2002, 2004 and 2005) after his NHL season was over. In these four tournaments, he did not score a goal for Canada, but contributed with five assists. In 2004, Morrow helped Canada to a gold medal and in 2005, captured the silver medal. Morrow played in a single game for Canada at the 2004 World Cup of Hockey, where Canada captured the championship. Morrow was invited to Canada's summer evaluation camp prior to the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy, but was not selected for the final squad. In August 2009, Morrow participated in Hockey Canada's summer orientation camp prior to the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. After a strong start to the 2009–10 season, Morrow was ultimately selected as a member of Canada's Olympic Men's Hockey Team. He was selected to the team to provide toughness and grit. As the tournament progressed, Morrow found himself playing a larger role on a physical line with Ryan Getzlaf and Corey Perry of the Anaheim Ducks. Morrow finished the tournament with two goals and one assist, as Canada captured the gold medal with an overtime victory against the United States. Personal life Morrow is the son-in-law of former Montreal Canadiens coach and former Dallas Stars teammate Guy Carbonneau, having married Carbonneau's daughter Anne-Marie on July 20, 2002. They have three children together. Awards Named to WHL West First All-Star Team (1999) 2004 Men's World Ice Hockey Championships gold medal Gold medal in the 2010 Winter Olympics (Team Canada) Inducted into the Winterhawks Hall of Fame (2018). Career statistics Regular season and playoffs International References 2005 NHL Official Guide & Record Book External links 1979 births Living people Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in the United States Canadian ice hockey left wingers Dallas Stars draft picks Dallas Stars players Ice hockey people from Saskatchewan Ice hockey players at the 2010 Winter Olympics Kalamazoo Wings (1974–2000) players Medalists at the 2010 Winter Olympics Memorial Cup winners National Hockey League first round draft picks Oklahoma City Blazers (1992–2009) players Olympic gold medalists for Canada Olympic ice hockey players of Canada Olympic medalists in ice hockey Pittsburgh Penguins players Portland Winterhawks players St. Louis Blues players Tampa Bay Lightning players

<mask> (born January 16, 1979) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey left winger. <mask> was drafted in the first round, 25th overall, by the Dallas Stars at the 1997 NHL Entry Draft, the organization he would play with for 13 seasons before brief stints with the Pittsburgh Penguins, St. Louis Blues, and Tampa Bay Lightning. <mask> played major junior hockey in the Western Hockey League (WHL) for the Portland Winter Hawks. During his junior career, he helped Portland win the 1998 Memorial Cup during the 1997–98 season. Internationally, <mask> represented Canada, first winning a silver medal at the 1999 World Junior Championships with the junior team. He has also represented the senior Team Canada squad, most often at the Ice Hockey World Championships (four times), winning a gold medal in 2004 and a silver medal in 2005. He also played for Canada at the 2004 World Cup of Hockey, which Canada won.<mask> was named to Canada's roster for the 2010 Winter Olympics, where he scored two goals and added an assist in the tournament as Canada won gold. Playing career <mask> played minor hockey in his hometown of Carlyle, Saskatchewan, and in the nearby community of Estevan. Despite putting up impressive numbers in his final year of bantam hockey (117 goals, 72 assists in 60 games), <mask> was not selected in the WHL Bantam Draft, and instead walked-on with the Portland Winter Hawks. <mask> spent his entire junior career with the Winterhawks. In his rookie WHL season, he played in 65 games and recorded 25 points (13 goals and 12 assists). Later in his junior career, <mask> contributed more offensively and in his final three seasons in the WHL, he scored 88, 86 and 85 points, respectively. After the 1996–97 season, <mask> was selected by the Dallas Stars in the first round, 25th overall, of the 1997 NHL Entry Draft.During the 1997–98 WHL Season, <mask> helped the Winterhawks capture the Memorial Cup. During the 1998 Memorial Cup tournament, <mask> scored one goal and added two assists in four games. He represented the Western Conference in the WHL's All-Star Classic three times, in 1997, 1998 and 1999. After the 1998–99 season, <mask> was named to the WHL's Western Conference First All-Star Team and also to the CHL Third All-Star Team. Professional <mask> began his professional career in 1999. He split the 1999–2000 season between the NHL's Dallas Stars and the Michigan K-Wings of the International Hockey League (IHL). He played his first game with the Stars on November 18, 1999, against the Philadelphia Flyers, and recorded his first points (a goal and an assist) on November 22, 1999, against the Colorado Avalanche.After this season, <mask> was named the team's Rookie of the Year. After his rookie campaign with the Stars, <mask> became a regular fixture in the Dallas lineup, playing at least 70 games in each season until the 2006–07 season, when he missed 33 games after suffering severed tendons in his wrist. He bounced back with a strong 2007–08 season, where he played in all of the Stars' 82 games, but a knee injury (an ACL tear) limited him to just 18 games in 2008–09. He has often played through injuries, including a return to play despite breaking a bone in his ankle during the 2000 Stanley Cup playoffs. <mask> played in the NHL YoungStars Game at the 2002 NHL All-Star Game, which was held in Los Angeles, California, where he scored a goal and added an assist. During the 2001–02 NHL season, he recorded his 100th career NHL point against the San Jose Sharks. He recorded his 300th career NHL point against the Chicago Blackhawks during the 2006–07 NHL season.During the NHL lockout of 2004–05, <mask> signed a contract with the Oklahoma City Blazers of the Central Hockey League and played in 19 games. Prior to the 2006–07 NHL season, <mask> was named the captain of the Stars, after the team asked incumbent captain Mike Modano to step down from the position. The Stars wanted to reward <mask> for his commitment to the team, after he bypassed free agency to sign a six-year contract with the team. The Stars also felt the need to shift some leadership responsibilities to younger members of the team. <mask>'s teammates and coaches greatly admired his dedication to the team, and believed he was an ideal choice to fill the role. Heading into the 2009–10 season, <mask> ranked 14th on the all-time scoring list for the Stars' franchise. He has a knack for scoring big goals, as evidenced by his scoring three of the team's last four overtime winning goals in the playoffs.<mask> was injured often during the 2011–12 season. He missed 25 games due to shoulder and upper back injuries, including 18 matches at the beginning of the 2012 year. <mask> returned to action on March 9 after the Stars activated him from injure reserve. On March 24, 2013, <mask> was traded to the Pittsburgh Penguins, along with Dallas' third-round pick in 2013, in exchange for <mask> (no relation) and the Penguins' 2013 fifth-round draft pick. On September 23, 2013, <mask> signed a one-year deal as an unrestricted free agent with the St. Louis Blues. On July 11, 2014, <mask> signed as a free agent to a one-year deal with the Tampa Bay Lightning. On June 17, 2015, during exit interviews, <mask> stated that he may "give it one more go," though he stated that he could change his mind in two weeks when it was time to resume workouts.<mask> stated that he had not spoken to Lightning General Manager Steve Yzerman about returning to the team, but he stated that he would love to return. <mask> said that he "had more fun here in this short time than I've had in I don't know how many years." Despite this, the Lightning opted not to re-sign <mask>, who had finished the season with career-low offensive statistics, and <mask> went unsigned throughout the summer. On March 17, 2016, <mask> announced his retirement. He bookended his career with Stanley Cup Final appearances in 2000 with the Stars and 2015 with the Lightning. International play <mask>'s first international experience with Hockey Canada was at the 1995 World U17 Hockey Challenge in Moncton, New Brunswick, where he played for Team West and finished fourth. He was selected to Canada's team at the 1999 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships, which were held in Winnipeg, Manitoba.During the tournament, <mask> scored one goal and recorded seven assists in seven games. During this tournament, <mask> set a Canadian World Junior record with five assists in one game against Kazakhstan. Canada finished the tournament with the silver medal after losing to Russia in overtime in the gold medal game. <mask> has also represented Canada at the senior men's level, playing in the World Championships four times (2001, 2002, 2004 and 2005) after his NHL season was over. In these four tournaments, he did not score a goal for Canada, but contributed with five assists. In 2004, <mask> helped Canada to a gold medal and in 2005, captured the silver medal. <mask> played in a single game for Canada at the 2004 World Cup of Hockey, where Canada captured the championship.<mask> was invited to Canada's summer evaluation camp prior to the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy, but was not selected for the final squad. In August 2009, <mask> participated in Hockey Canada's summer orientation camp prior to the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. After a strong start to the 2009–10 season, <mask> was ultimately selected as a member of Canada's Olympic Men's Hockey Team. He was selected to the team to provide toughness and grit. As the tournament progressed, <mask> found himself playing a larger role on a physical line with Ryan Getzlaf and Corey Perry of the Anaheim Ducks. <mask> finished the tournament with two goals and one assist, as Canada captured the gold medal with an overtime victory against the United States. Personal life <mask> is the son-in-law of former Montreal Canadiens coach and former Dallas Stars teammate Guy Carbonneau, having married Carbonneau's daughter Anne-Marie on July 20, 2002.They have three children together. Awards Named to WHL West First All-Star Team (1999) 2004 Men's World Ice Hockey Championships gold medal Gold medal in the 2010 Winter Olympics (Team Canada) Inducted into the Winterhawks Hall of Fame (2018). Career statistics Regular season and playoffs International References 2005 NHL Official Guide & Record Book External links 1979 births Living people Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in the United States Canadian ice hockey left wingers Dallas Stars draft picks Dallas Stars players Ice hockey people from Saskatchewan Ice hockey players at the 2010 Winter Olympics Kalamazoo Wings (1974–2000) players Medalists at the 2010 Winter Olympics Memorial Cup winners National Hockey League first round draft picks Oklahoma City Blazers (1992–2009) players Olympic gold medalists for Canada Olympic ice hockey players of Canada Olympic medalists in ice hockey Pittsburgh Penguins players Portland Winterhawks players St. Louis Blues players Tampa Bay Lightning players

Blair is a former professional ice hockey player. <mask> was drafted in the first round, 25th overall, by the Dallas Stars at the 1997 NHL Entry Draft, the organization he would play with for 13 seasons. <mask> played for the Portland Winter Hawks in the WHL. He helped Portland win the 1998 Memorial Cup. <mask> won a silver medal for Canada at the 1999 World Junior Championships. He has represented Canada at the Ice Hockey World Championships four times, winning a gold medal in 2004 and a silver medal in 2005. Canada won the World Cup of Hockey in 2004.<mask> scored two goals and added an assist as Canada won the gold medal at the 2010 Winter Olympics. <mask> played minor hockey in his hometown of Carlyle and in the nearby community of Estevan. <mask> walked-on with the Portland Winter Hawks despite putting up impressive numbers in his final year of bantam hockey. <mask> was a member of the Winterhawks. He played in 65 games and scored 25 points with 13 goals and 12 assists. <mask> scored 88, 86 and 85 points in the final three seasons of his WHL career. <mask> was selected by the Dallas Stars in the first round of the 1997 NHL Entry Draft.<mask> helped the Winterhawks win the Memorial Cup. <mask> had one goal and two assists in four Memorial Cup games. He was a member of the Western Conference in the All-Star Classic three times. <mask> was named to the Western Conference First All-Star Team and the CHL Third All-Star Team after the 1998–99 season. <mask> started his career in 1999. He played in the NHL's Dallas Stars and the IHL's Michigan K-Wings. He played his first game with the Stars on November 18, 1999, against Philadelphia, and recorded his first points on November 22, 1999, against Colorado.<mask> was named the team's rookies of the year. <mask> played at least 70 games in each of the next three seasons for the Stars, but he missed 33 games in the 2006–07 season because of a wrist injury. He played in all of the Stars' 82 games in 2007, but a knee injury limited him to just 18 games in 2008. He broke a bone in his ankle in the 2000 Stanley Cup playoffs, but came back to play. <mask> scored a goal and added an assist in the 2002 NHL All-Star Game, which was held in Los Angeles, California. He recorded his 100th point in the NHL against the San Jose Sharks. He recorded his 300th point in the 2006–07 NHL season.<mask> played in 19 games in the Central Hockey League after signing a contract with Oklahoma City. <mask> was named the captain of the Stars after the team asked Mike Modano to step down. <mask> bypassed free agency to sign a six-year contract with the team and the Stars wanted to reward him. The Stars wanted to shift some leadership responsibilities to younger members of the team. <mask>'s teammates and coaches believed he was the perfect choice to fill the role because of his dedication to the team. <mask> was 14th on the all-time scoring list for the Stars. He scored three of the team's last four overtime winning goals in the playoffs and has a knack for scoring big goals.<mask> was injured a lot. At the beginning of the 2012 year, he missed 18 matches due to injuries. <mask> was activated from the injured reserve on March 9. <mask> was traded to the Pittsburgh Penguins along with a third-round pick and a fifth-round pick in exchange for <mask>. <mask> signed a one-year deal with the Blues. <mask> signed a one-year deal with the Lightning. <mask> stated during exit interviews that he could change his mind in two weeks when the time was right to resume workouts.<mask> stated that he would love to return to the team, even though he hadn't spoken to Yzerman about it. <mask> said that he had more fun in this short time than he has in the past. <mask> went unsigned throughout the summer despite the fact that the Lightning didn't re-sign him. <mask> announced his retirement on March 17th. He played in the Stanley Cup Final with the Stars and the Lightning. <mask>'s first international experience with Hockey Canada was at the 1995 World U17 Hockey Challenge, where he played for Team West and finished fourth. At the 1999 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships, he was selected to the Canada's team.<mask> scored one goal and had seven assists in seven games. <mask> set a Canadian World Junior record with five assists. Canada won the silver medal after losing to Russia in the gold medal game. <mask> has represented Canada at the senior men's level four times, playing in the World Championships after his NHL season was over. He did not score a goal for Canada, but he did contribute with five assists. In 2004, <mask> helped Canada to a gold medal, and in 2005, he helped Canada to a silver medal. At the 2004 World Cup of Hockey, <mask> played in a single game for Canada.<mask> was invited to Canada's summer evaluation camp prior to the 2006 Winter Olympics in Torino, Italy, but was not selected for the final squad. <mask> participated in Hockey Canada's summer orientation camp prior to the 2010 Winter Olympics. <mask> was selected to the Canada's Olympic Men's Hockey Team after a strong start to the season. He was selected to be a part of the team. <mask> was playing a bigger role on a physical line with Ryan Getzlaf and the Anaheim Ducks in the tournament. <mask> finished the tournament with two goals and one assist, as Canada won the gold medal with an overtime victory against the United States. <mask> married Anne-Marie Carbonneau, the daughter of Guy Carbonneau, on July 20, 2002.They have three children. The 2004 Men's World Ice Hockey Championships gold medal and the 2010 Winter Olympics gold medal were inducted into the Winterhawks Hall of Fame. The NHL Official Guide and Record Book External links 1979 births Living people Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in the United States

44071575

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith%20Klinman

Judith Klinman

Judith P. Klinman (born April 17, 1941 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is an American chemist, biochemist, and molecular biologist known for her work on enzyme catalysis. She became the first female professor in the physical sciences at the University of California, Berkeley in 1978, where she is now Professor of the Graduate School and Chancellor's Professor. In 2012, she was awarded the National Medal of Science by President Barack Obama. She is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the American Philosophical Society. Early life Klinman was born April 17, 1941 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. When Klinman was two years old, her biological father left the family. Klinman's mother sold her house and possessions and moved with Klinman to Miami Beach, Florida, for a time, before returning to Philadelphia to find work. Klinman's mother then remarried, and so she was raised by her mother and stepfather. Neither her mother nor stepfather graduated from college, but her stepfather attended Drexel University for two years but dropped out due to the Great Depression, and later found work selling furniture. Klinman was initially interested in ballet, but her interest in chemistry was piqued by her high school chemistry teacher. She received a partial scholarship from her high school, Overbrook High School, to attend college, graduating second in her class. Klinman decided to enroll in the University of Pennsylvania's College for Women, despite pressure from her family to become a lab technician and get married. Education and training Beginning in 1958, Klinman studied chemistry at the University of Pennsylvania (UPenn). While in college, Klinman was a laboratory technician at the Eldridge R. Johnson Foundation for Research in Medical Physics at UPenn. She graduated with her A.B. in Chemistry in 1962. Klinman applied to medical and graduate school, and received acceptances to both. In 1962, Klinman enrolled in the Chemistry graduate program at New York University (NYU). Klinman credits her time at NYU for "opening [her] eyes to the excitement and beauty of organic reaction mechanisms." After a year in New York City, she moved back to Philadelphia, and enrolled at UPenn for graduate studies. Working in the laboratory of physical organic chemist Prof. Edward R. Thornton, Klinman studied the hydrolysis kinetics of benzyl-substituted imidiazoles. She graduated with her Ph.D. in 1966. In 1966, Klinman travelled to the Weizmann Institute in Israel to conduct postdoctoral research with Prof. David Samuel. She worked in the Isotopes Department, which had a large supply of heavy water that could be used for kinetic studies. Klinman's work with Samuel involved understanding the role of divalent metal ions in the hydrolysis of high-energy acyl phosphates. While in Israel, Klinman survived the Six-Day War of 1967. She and her then husband, Norman R. Klinman, left Israel in 1967, as her husband was conducting a postdoctoral studies at the National Institute for Medical Research in Mill Hill, London. Klinman arranged a nonpaying apprenticeship at University College London (UCL) in the laboratory of Charles A. Vernon, and also took courses in biochemistry at UCL. Klinman and her husband returned to the United States in 1968, and Klinman took up a position as a postdoctoral associate at the Institute for Cancer Research (ICR), a part of the Fox Chase Cancer Research Institute. There, she joined the laboratory of Irwin Rose, where she investigated the mechanism of aconitate isomerase, an enzyme that catalyzes the cis-trans isomerism of aconitate. Klinman also studied the stereochemical products of ATP citrate lyase and citrate synthase. Independent career In 1972, Klinman was promoted to an independent staff scientist, equivalent to an Assistant Professorship, at the Institute for Cancer Research. In 1974, she joined the University of Pennsylvania as an Assistant Professor of Biophysics. In 1978, she moved to University of California, Berkeley as an Associate Professor in Chemistry, the first female faculty member in the physical sciences at UC Berkeley. She is currently the Professor of the Graduate School at the Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology and the California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences at the University of California, Berkeley. She also served the Chancellor's Professor for University of California Berkeley. She currently serves as the Professor of the Graduate School. Her group has discovered that room temperature hydrogen tunneling occurs among various enzymatic reactions, such as enzymatic C-H cleavage, and clarified the dynamics of tunneling process through data analysis. They have also discovered the quino-enzymes, a new class of redox cofactors in eukaryotic enzymes. Honors and awards 1988 Guggenheim Fellowship 1992 and 2003-4 Miller Professorship, University of California, Berkeley. 1993 Elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 1994 Elected to the National Academy of Sciences 1994 Repligen Award for Chemistry of Biological Processes. 1995 Alexander M. Cruickshank Lecturer 1996 Fellow of the Japanese Ministry of Science 2000 Honorary Doctorate (F.D.(h.c.)) from the University of Uppsala, Sweden. 2001 Elected to the American Philosophical Society 2003 David S. Sigman Lectureship Award from UCLA. 2005 Remsen Award, Maryland Section of the American Chemical Society 2006 Honorary Doctorate (Sc.D.(h.c.)) from the University of Pennsylvania 2007 Elected to the American Association for the Advancement of Science 2007 Merck Award from the American Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2009 Elected to the Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Elected to the American Chemical Society 2012 A. I. Scott Medal for Excellence in Biological Chemistry Research, Texas A&M University. 2014 National Medal of Science. 2015 Mildred Cohn Award in Biological Chemistry from the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 2017 Willard Gibbs Award from the Chicago Section of the American Chemical Society 2018 Penn Chemistry Distinguished Alumni Award, University of Pennsylvania Personal life Judith Klinman was married to Norman R. Klinman, who later became a Professor of Immunology and Microbial Science at The Scripps Research Institute. The two met at the University of Pennsylvania, and were married while Klinman was completing her Ph.D. They had two children together, Andrew and Douglas. Andrew was born while Klinman was in graduate school (born 1964-1966), and Douglas when she was a postdoctoral scholar at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel (born in 1967). She and Norman divorced in 1978, at the time of her laboratory's move to UC Berkeley. Judith Klinman later married Mordechai Mitnick, a grassroots organizer who later established a psychotherapy practice in Oakland. They raised four children together: Alexandra, Joshua, Andrew, and Douglas, and have eight grandchildren. Klinman has a stepsister, who as of 2002 worked for the Small Business Administration. References 1941 births University of Pennsylvania alumni 21st-century American chemists National Medal of Science laureates University of California, Berkeley College of Letters and Science faculty Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences Living people Women chemists Women biologists Women biochemists UC Berkeley College of Chemistry faculty

<mask><mask> (born April 17, 1941 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is an American chemist, biochemist, and molecular biologist known for her work on enzyme catalysis. She became the first female professor in the physical sciences at the University of California, Berkeley in 1978, where she is now Professor of the Graduate School and Chancellor's Professor. In 2012, she was awarded the National Medal of Science by President Barack Obama. She is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the American Philosophical Society. Early life Klinman was born April 17, 1941 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. When Klinman was two years old, her biological father left the family. Klinman's mother sold her house and possessions and moved with Klinman to Miami Beach, Florida, for a time, before returning to Philadelphia to find work.Klinman's mother then remarried, and so she was raised by her mother and stepfather. Neither her mother nor stepfather graduated from college, but her stepfather attended Drexel University for two years but dropped out due to the Great Depression, and later found work selling furniture. Klinman was initially interested in ballet, but her interest in chemistry was piqued by her high school chemistry teacher. She received a partial scholarship from her high school, Overbrook High School, to attend college, graduating second in her class. Klinman decided to enroll in the University of Pennsylvania's College for Women, despite pressure from her family to become a lab technician and get married. Education and training Beginning in 1958, Klinman studied chemistry at the University of Pennsylvania (UPenn). While in college, Klinman was a laboratory technician at the Eldridge R. Johnson Foundation for Research in Medical Physics at UPenn.She graduated with her A.B. in Chemistry in 1962. Klinman applied to medical and graduate school, and received acceptances to both. In 1962, Klinman enrolled in the Chemistry graduate program at New York University (NYU). Klinman credits her time at NYU for "opening [her] eyes to the excitement and beauty of organic reaction mechanisms." After a year in New York City, she moved back to Philadelphia, and enrolled at UPenn for graduate studies. Working in the laboratory of physical organic chemist Prof. Edward R. Thornton, Klinman studied the hydrolysis kinetics of benzyl-substituted imidiazoles.She graduated with her Ph.D. in 1966. In 1966, Klinman travelled to the Weizmann Institute in Israel to conduct postdoctoral research with Prof. David Samuel. She worked in the Isotopes Department, which had a large supply of heavy water that could be used for kinetic studies. Klinman's work with Samuel involved understanding the role of divalent metal ions in the hydrolysis of high-energy acyl phosphates. While in Israel, Klinman survived the Six-Day War of 1967. She and her then husband, Norman R<mask>, left Israel in 1967, as her husband was conducting a postdoctoral studies at the National Institute for Medical Research in Mill Hill, London. Klinman arranged a nonpaying apprenticeship at University College London (UCL) in the laboratory of Charles A. Vernon, and also took courses in biochemistry at UCL.Klinman and her husband returned to the United States in 1968, and Klinman took up a position as a postdoctoral associate at the Institute for Cancer Research (ICR), a part of the Fox Chase Cancer Research Institute. There, she joined the laboratory of Irwin Rose, where she investigated the mechanism of aconitate isomerase, an enzyme that catalyzes the cis-trans isomerism of aconitate. Klinman also studied the stereochemical products of ATP citrate lyase and citrate synthase. Independent career In 1972, Klinman was promoted to an independent staff scientist, equivalent to an Assistant Professorship, at the Institute for Cancer Research. In 1974, she joined the University of Pennsylvania as an Assistant Professor of Biophysics. In 1978, she moved to University of California, Berkeley as an Associate Professor in Chemistry, the first female faculty member in the physical sciences at UC Berkeley. She is currently the Professor of the Graduate School at the Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology and the California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences at the University of California, Berkeley.She also served the Chancellor's Professor for University of California Berkeley. She currently serves as the Professor of the Graduate School. Her group has discovered that room temperature hydrogen tunneling occurs among various enzymatic reactions, such as enzymatic C-H cleavage, and clarified the dynamics of tunneling process through data analysis. They have also discovered the quino-enzymes, a new class of redox cofactors in eukaryotic enzymes. Honors and awards 1988 Guggenheim Fellowship 1992 and 2003-4 Miller Professorship, University of California, Berkeley. 1993 Elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 1994 Elected to the National Academy of Sciences 1994 Repligen Award for Chemistry of Biological Processes. 1995 Alexander M. Cruickshank Lecturer 1996 Fellow of the Japanese Ministry of Science 2000 Honorary Doctorate (F.D.(h.c.))from the University of Uppsala, Sweden. 2001 Elected to the American Philosophical Society 2003 David S. Sigman Lectureship Award from UCLA. 2005 Remsen Award, Maryland Section of the American Chemical Society 2006 Honorary Doctorate (Sc.D.(h.c.)) from the University of Pennsylvania 2007 Elected to the American Association for the Advancement of Science 2007 Merck Award from the American Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2009 Elected to the Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Elected to the American Chemical Society 2012 A. I. Scott Medal for Excellence in Biological Chemistry Research, Texas A&M University. 2014 National Medal of Science. 2015 Mildred Cohn Award in Biological Chemistry from the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 2017 Willard Gibbs Award from the Chicago Section of the American Chemical Society 2018 Penn Chemistry Distinguished Alumni Award, University of Pennsylvania Personal life <mask> was married to Norman R<mask>, who later became a Professor of Immunology and Microbial Science at The Scripps Research Institute.The two met at the University of Pennsylvania, and were married while Klinman was completing her Ph.D. They had two children together, Andrew and Douglas. Andrew was born while Klinman was in graduate school (born 1964-1966), and Douglas when she was a postdoctoral scholar at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel (born in 1967). She and Norman divorced in 1978, at the time of her laboratory's move to UC Berkeley. <mask> later married Mordechai Mitnick, a grassroots organizer who later established a psychotherapy practice in Oakland. They raised four children together: Alexandra, Joshua, Andrew, and Douglas, and have eight grandchildren. Klinman has a stepsister, who as of 2002 worked for the Small Business Administration.References 1941 births University of Pennsylvania alumni 21st-century American chemists National Medal of Science laureates University of California, Berkeley College of Letters and Science faculty Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences Living people Women chemists Women biologists Women biochemists UC Berkeley College of Chemistry faculty

<mask><mask> was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on April 17, 1941. She was the first female professor in the physical sciences at the University of California, Berkeley in 1978. She received the National Medal of Science from President Barack Obama. She is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, American Association for the advancement of science, and the American Philosophical Society. Klinman was born in Philadelphia in 1941. Klinman's father left the family when she was two years old. After moving with Klinman to Miami Beach, Florida, Klinman's mother sold her house and possessions and returned to Philadelphia to find work.Klinman was raised by her mother and stepfather after her mother remarried. Her mother didn't graduate from college and her stepfather didn't go to college, but later found work selling furniture after dropping out due to the Great Depression. Klinman's interest in chemistry was stimulated by her high school chemistry teacher. She graduated second in her class and received a partial scholarship from her high school to attend college. Despite being pressured by her family to become a lab technician, Klinman decided to enroll in the University of Pennsylvania's College for Women. Klinman studied chemistry at the University of Pennsylvania. Klinman was a laboratory technician at the UPenn when he was in college.She received her A.B. In 1962, I received a chemistry degree. Klinman was accepted to both medical and graduate school. Klinman attended the graduate program at New York University. She credits her time at NYU for opening her eyes to the excitement and beauty of organic reaction mechanisms. She moved back to Philadelphia after a year in New York City and went to the University of Pennsylvania for graduate studies. Klinman studied the benzyl-substituted imidiazoles in Thornton's lab.She received her PhD in 1966. Klinman traveled to Israel in 1966 to work with Prof. David Samuel. There was a large supply of heavy water that could be used for studies. Klinman and Samuel worked on understanding the role of divalent metal ion in high-energy acylphosphates. Klinman survived the Six-Day War of 1967. In 1967, she and her husband, Norman R<mask>, left Israel to study at the National Institute for Medical Research in Mill Hill, London. Klinman did an apprenticeship in the lab of Charles A. Vernon at University College London.After returning to the United States in 1968, Klinman took up a position at the Institute for Cancer Research, a part of the Fox Chase Cancer Research Institute. She joined the laboratory of Irwin Rose to investigate the mechanism of aconitate isomerase. Klinman studied the stereochemical products of the two drugs. In 1972 Klinman was promoted to an independent staff scientist at the Institute for Cancer Research. She joined the University of Pennsylvania in 1974 as an assistant professor. She was the first female faculty member in the physical sciences at UC Berkeley. At the University of California, Berkeley, she is the Professor of the Graduate School and the California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences.She was the Chancellor's Professor at the University of California Berkeley. She is a professor at the graduate school. Through data analysis, her group discovered that room temperature hydrogen tunneling occurs among various enzymatic reactions. The quino-enzymes are a new class of redox cofactors. The Miller Professorship at the University of California, Berkeley has two honors and awards. The Repligen Award for Chemistry of Biological Processes was given by the National Academy of Sciences. A Fellow of the Japanese Ministry of Science 2000 Alexander M. Cruickshank was 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519The University of Uppsala is in Sweden. A lectureship award from UCLA was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2001. The Maryland Section of the American Chemical Society received the 2005 Remsen Award. From the University of Pennsylvania, he was elected to the American Association for the advancement of science, the American Society of Biochemistry andMolecular Biology, the Royal Society of Chemistry, and the American Chemical Society. National medal of science The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology gave the award. <mask> was married to Norman R<mask>, who later became a Professor of Immunology and Microbial Science at The Scripps Research Institute.While Klinman was completing her PhD, the two met at the University of Pennsylvania and were married. Andrew and Douglas were their children. Andrew was born when Klinman was in graduate school and Douglas when she was a researcher at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel. At the time of her laboratory's move to UC Berkeley, she and Norman divorced. <mask> was married to Mordechai Mitnick, who later established a psychotherapy practice in Oakland. They have four children and eight grandchildren. Klinman's stepsister worked for the Small Business Administration.The University of Pennsylvania alumni include 21st-century American chemists and members of the United States National Academy of Sciences.

4117596

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathy%20Hughes

Cathy Hughes

Catherine Liggins Hughes (born Catherine Elizabeth Woods; April 22, 1947) is an American entrepreneur, radio and television personality and business executive. She has been listed as the second-richest Black woman in the United States. She founded the media company Radio One (now known as Urban One), and when the company went public in 1999, she became the first African-American woman to head a publicly traded corporation. In the 1970s, Hughes created the urban radio format called "The Quiet Storm" on Howard University's radio station WHUR with disc jockey and fellow Howard student Melvin Lindsey. Biography Early life Cathy Hughes was born to Helen Jones Woods, a trombonist with the International Sweethearts of Rhythm at Piney Woods School, a private boarding school in Mississippi, and William Alfred Woods, who was the first African-American to earn an accounting degree from Creighton University. Her grandfather Laurence C. Jones was a successful Mississippi educator and lynching survivor. The family lived in the Logan Fontenelle Housing Projects while Hughes' father attended college. Hughes was far from an only child, growing up with a household of siblings. She found her love for music at a very young age, while repeatedly each night lying in bed listening to Everly Brothers and the Platters. In the early life of Cathy Hughes, things were not easy for her because her parents did not have much money. At this young vital age she struggled to feed. In fact, she lied about her age to get her first job at the age of 14. Hughes went to the University of Nebraska Omaha and Creighton University taking Business Administration courses, her father's alma mater, but was not able to complete and receive a degree, which led to her getting a job as a sales manager at Howard University's radio station, WHUR-FM. Career Before radio, in the mid-1960s, Hughes worked for an African American newspaper called the Omaha Star. Hughes began her career in 1969 at KOWH in Omaha, but left for Washington, D.C. after she was offered a job as an administrative assistant with Tony Brown at the School of Communications at Howard University. In 1973, she became General Sales Manager of the university's radio station, WHUR-FM, increasing station revenue from $250,000 to $3 million in her first year. In 1975, Hughes became the first woman vice president and general manager of a station in the nation's capital and created the format known as the "Quiet Storm," which revolutionized urban radio and was aired on over 480 stations nationwide. During her marriage with Dewey Hughes in 1979, they set out to purchase a radio station. Successfully finding a lender after being denied thirty-two times by banks, in 1980 Hughes and then-husband Dewey founded Radio One, subsequently buying AM radio station WOL 1450 in Washington, D.C. After the previous employees had destroyed the facility, she faced financial difficulties and subsequently lost her home and moved with her young son to live at the station. Her fortunes began to change when she revamped the R&B station to a 24-hour talk radio format with the theme, "Information is Power." Hughes served as the station's Morning Show Host for 11 years. In 1982 the bank had threatened to cease payments to Hughes investment unless she agreed to airing music. She decided to keep her station airing a talk format in the morning and music throughout the day. WOL is still the most-listened-to talk radio station in the nation's capital. In 1987, Hughes bought radio station WMMJ with her company Radio One (now Urban One). In 1995, Radio One bought radio station WKYS. Radio One went on to own 70 radio stations in nine major markets in the U.S. In 1999, Radio One became a publicly traded company, listed under the NASDAQ stock exchange. As of 2007, Hughes's son, Alfred Liggins, III, serves as CEO and president of Radio One, and Hughes as chairperson. Hughes is also a minority owner of BET industries. In January 2004, Radio One launched TV One, a national cable and satellite television network which bills itself as the "lifestyle and entertainment network for African-American adults." Hughes interviews prominent personalities, usually in the entertainment industry, for the network's talk program TV One on One. Both Cathy Hughes and her son, Alfred Liggins have been named Entrepreneur of the Year by the company Ernst & Young. She is a notable member of Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority. In 2015, a local business organization unofficially named the corner of 4th Street and H Street NE in Washington, D.C. "Cathy Hughes Corner". Hughes' life story is featured on the documentary series Profiles of African-American Success. In 2016, Hughes was inducted into the National Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame. In 2020, she accepted a position on the Board of Trustees at Creighton University in Omaha. Personal life Hughes was married to Alfred Liggins Jr from 1965 to 1967. Together they had one child, Alfred Liggins III, born January 30, 1965, in Omaha, Nebraska. She got pregnant when she was seventeen and her mom threw her out of her house. Hughes married Dewey Hughes in 1979 and they divorced in 1987. They had no children together. Cathy said that debt was overwhelming for him. He was never an entrepreneur. She, on the other hand, was focused and knew she could pay back the 1 million dollars they were able to borrow from their "angel" lender. After her divorce and with looming debt, she ended up moving into the station with her son. When asked if it was hard or stressful to deal with, she said: "No, number one I was in awe of Washington DC. I was in Georgetown. I haven't been able to get back there yet! During my struggling days, I had a prime corner. You would see the president having dinner at one of the restaurants."Hughes is Catholic, having attended Duchesne Academy of the Sacred Heart before her pregnancy. As of 2018, she attended St Benedict the Moor Catholic Church, a Black parish, when in Omaha. She resides in Pasadena, Maryland. Awards Cathy Hughes has titled many awards. Granted an honorary doctorate from Sojourner Douglass College in Baltimore in 1995. That accomplishment drove Hughes back to school 2 years later. In 1988, she was the first woman awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award at the twelfth annual ceremony. Hughes is also a member of the Maryland Chamber of Commerce’s Business Hall of Fame. Jumping to the year 2000, she was awarded the First Annual Black History Hall of Fame Award. Following that she was presented the National Action Network’s "Keepers of the Dream" award, which is an award that spotlights role models who contribute to and honor Martin Luther King, Jr.’s legacy. Radio One is number nine on BET 100, with a net worth of $450.8 million for 2015. See also Laurence C. Jones Piney Woods Country Life School (Cathy Hughes serves as a Board Member) References External links Factmonster biography: Cathy Hughes Radio One official website TV One official website TV One (American TV channel) Urban One 1947 births Living people American television executives Women television executives Businesspeople from Omaha, Nebraska Piney Woods Country Life School African-American business executives African-American company founders American company founders American women company founders African-American radio personalities African-American television personalities American women in business African-American journalists University of Nebraska Omaha alumni Creighton University alumni Writers from Omaha, Nebraska Journalists from Nebraska African-American Catholics

<mask> (born Catherine Elizabeth Woods; April 22, 1947) is an American entrepreneur, radio and television personality and business executive. She has been listed as the second-richest Black woman in the United States. She founded the media company Radio One (now known as Urban One), and when the company went public in 1999, she became the first African-American woman to head a publicly traded corporation. In the 1970s, <mask> created the urban radio format called "The Quiet Storm" on Howard University's radio station WHUR with disc jockey and fellow Howard student Melvin Lindsey. Biography Early life <mask> was born to Helen Jones Woods, a trombonist with the International Sweethearts of Rhythm at Piney Woods School, a private boarding school in Mississippi, and William Alfred Woods, who was the first African-American to earn an accounting degree from Creighton University. Her grandfather Laurence C. Jones was a successful Mississippi educator and lynching survivor. The family lived in the Logan Fontenelle Housing Projects while <mask>' father attended college.<mask> was far from an only child, growing up with a household of siblings. She found her love for music at a very young age, while repeatedly each night lying in bed listening to Everly Brothers and the Platters. In the early life of <mask>, things were not easy for her because her parents did not have much money. At this young vital age she struggled to feed. In fact, she lied about her age to get her first job at the age of 14. <mask> went to the University of Nebraska Omaha and Creighton University taking Business Administration courses, her father's alma mater, but was not able to complete and receive a degree, which led to her getting a job as a sales manager at Howard University's radio station, WHUR-FM. Career Before radio, in the mid-1960s, <mask> worked for an African American newspaper called the Omaha Star.<mask> began her career in 1969 at KOWH in Omaha, but left for Washington, D.C. after she was offered a job as an administrative assistant with Tony Brown at the School of Communications at Howard University. In 1973, she became General Sales Manager of the university's radio station, WHUR-FM, increasing station revenue from $250,000 to $3 million in her first year. In 1975, <mask> became the first woman vice president and general manager of a station in the nation's capital and created the format known as the "Quiet Storm," which revolutionized urban radio and was aired on over 480 stations nationwide. During her marriage with <mask> in 1979, they set out to purchase a radio station. Successfully finding a lender after being denied thirty-two times by banks, in 1980 <mask> and then-husband Dewey founded Radio One, subsequently buying AM radio station WOL 1450 in Washington, D.C. After the previous employees had destroyed the facility, she faced financial difficulties and subsequently lost her home and moved with her young son to live at the station. Her fortunes began to change when she revamped the R&B station to a 24-hour talk radio format with the theme, "Information is Power." <mask> served as the station's Morning Show Host for 11 years.In 1982 the bank had threatened to cease payments to <mask> investment unless she agreed to airing music. She decided to keep her station airing a talk format in the morning and music throughout the day. WOL is still the most-listened-to talk radio station in the nation's capital. In 1987, <mask> bought radio station WMMJ with her company Radio One (now Urban One). In 1995, Radio One bought radio station WKYS. Radio One went on to own 70 radio stations in nine major markets in the U.S. In 1999, Radio One became a publicly traded company, listed under the NASDAQ stock exchange.As of 2007, <mask>'s son, Alfred Liggins, III, serves as CEO and president of Radio One, and <mask> as chairperson. <mask> is also a minority owner of BET industries. In January 2004, Radio One launched TV One, a national cable and satellite television network which bills itself as the "lifestyle and entertainment network for African-American adults." <mask> interviews prominent personalities, usually in the entertainment industry, for the network's talk program TV One on One. Both <mask> and her son, Alfred Liggins have been named Entrepreneur of the Year by the company Ernst & Young. She is a notable member of Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority. In 2015, a local business organization unofficially named the corner of 4th Street and H Street NE in Washington, D.C. "<mask> Hughes Corner".<mask>' life story is featured on the documentary series Profiles of African-American Success. In 2016, <mask> was inducted into the National Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame. In 2020, she accepted a position on the Board of Trustees at Creighton University in Omaha. Personal life <mask> was married to Alfred Liggins Jr from 1965 to 1967. Together they had one child, Alfred Liggins III, born January 30, 1965, in Omaha, Nebraska. She got pregnant when she was seventeen and her mom threw her out of her house. <mask> married <mask> in 1979 and they divorced in 1987.They had no children together. <mask> said that debt was overwhelming for him. He was never an entrepreneur. She, on the other hand, was focused and knew she could pay back the 1 million dollars they were able to borrow from their "angel" lender. After her divorce and with looming debt, she ended up moving into the station with her son. When asked if it was hard or stressful to deal with, she said: "No, number one I was in awe of Washington DC. I was in Georgetown.I haven't been able to get back there yet! During my struggling days, I had a prime corner. You would see the president having dinner at one of the restaurants. "<mask> is Catholic, having attended Duchesne Academy of the Sacred Heart before her pregnancy. As of 2018, she attended St Benedict the Moor Catholic Church, a Black parish, when in Omaha. She resides in Pasadena, Maryland. Awards <mask> has titled many awards.Granted an honorary doctorate from Sojourner Douglass College in Baltimore in 1995. That accomplishment drove <mask> back to school 2 years later. In 1988, she was the first woman awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award at the twelfth annual ceremony. <mask> is also a member of the Maryland Chamber of Commerce’s Business Hall of Fame. Jumping to the year 2000, she was awarded the First Annual Black History Hall of Fame Award. Following that she was presented the National Action Network’s "Keepers of the Dream" award, which is an award that spotlights role models who contribute to and honor Martin Luther King, Jr.’s legacy. Radio One is number nine on BET 100, with a net worth of $450.8 million for 2015.See also Laurence C. Jones Piney Woods Country Life School (<mask> serves as a Board Member) References External links Factmonster biography: <mask> Radio One official website TV One official website TV One (American TV channel) Urban One 1947 births Living people American television executives Women television executives Businesspeople from Omaha, Nebraska Piney Woods Country Life School African-American business executives African-American company founders American company founders American women company founders African-American radio personalities African-American television personalities American women in business African-American journalists University of Nebraska Omaha alumni Creighton University alumni Writers from Omaha, Nebraska Journalists from Nebraska African-American Catholics

Catherine Elizabeth Woods, also known as <mask>, is an American businesswoman, radio and television personality and business executive. She is the second-richest Black woman in the United States. When the company went public in 1999, she became the first African-American woman to head a publicly traded corporation. <mask> was a Howard University student when he created the urban radio format called "The Quiet Storm" on WHUR. Helen Jones Woods was a trombonist with the International Sweethearts of Rhythm at Piney Woods School, a private boarding school in Mississippi, and William Alfred Woods was the first African-American to earn an accounting degree. Her grandfather was a lynching survivor. <mask>' father attended college while his family lived in the housing projects.<mask> was not the only child in the family. She loved to listen to Everly Brothers and the Platters every night when she was a child. In the early years of her life, things were not easy for her because her parents did not have a lot of money. She was struggling to feed at this young age. She lied about her age to get her first job. <mask> was able to get a job as a sales manager at Howard University's radio station because she was not able to get a degree from the University of Nebraska Omaha. <mask> worked for an African American newspaper in the 1960's.After she was offered a job as an administrative assistant with Tony Brown at the School of Communications at Howard University, <mask> left for Washington, D.C. In her first year as General Sales Manager, she increased station revenue from $250,000 to $3 million. In 1975, <mask> became the first woman vice president and general manager of a station in the nation's capital and created the format known as the "Quiet Storm," which was aired on over 480 stations nationwide. In 1979 she and <mask> set out to purchase a radio station. After the previous employees destroyed the facility, she faced financial difficulties and subsequently lost her. When she changed the R&B station to a talk radio format, her fortunes began to change. <mask> hosted the Morning Show for 11 years.The bank threatened to stop payments if <mask> didn't air her music. She decided to keep her station playing music throughout the day and airing a talk format in the morning. WOL is the most listened to talk radio station in the nation's capital. <mask>' company, Radio One, bought a radio station in 1987. Radio One bought a radio station. Radio One owned 70 radio stations in nine major markets. Radio One became a publicly traded company in 1999.Alfred Liggins, III is the CEO and president of Radio One, and <mask> is the chairperson. <mask> is a minority owner. TV One, a national cable and satellite television network, was launched in January 2004 by Radio One. Usually in the entertainment industry, <mask> interviews prominent personalities for the network's talk program TV One on One. Alfred Liggins was named Entrepreneur of the Year by the company. She is a member of Alpha Kappa Alpha. The corner of 4th Street and H Street NE was unofficially named "<mask> Hughes Corner" in 2015.Profiles of African-American Success features <mask>' life story. <mask> was a member of the National Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame. She was appointed to the Board of Trustees at Creighton University in 2020. <mask> was married to Alfred Liggins Jr from 1966 to 1967. Alfred Liggins III was born on January 30, 1965, in Omaha, Nebraska. When she was seventeen, her mom threw her out of her house because she was pregnant. <mask> married <mask> in 1979 and they divorced in 1987.They had no children of their own. He said that debt was too much for him. He was not anentrepreneur. She was focused and knew she could pay back the 1 million dollars they were able to borrow from their "angel" lender. She moved into the station with her son after her divorce. She said that she was in awe of Washington DC and that it was not hard to deal with. I was in Georgetown.I haven't been able to get back there yet. I had a prime corner during my struggles. The president is at a restaurant. <mask> <mask>.In 1995 I received an honorary doctorate from the college. <mask> went back to school after that accomplishment. She was the first woman to receive the Lifetime Achievement Award. The Maryland Chamber of Commerce has a Business Hall of Fame. She received the First Annual Black History Hall of Fame Award in 2000. She received the National Action Network's "Keepers of the Dream" award, which spotlights role models who contribute to and honor Martin Luther King, Jr.'s legacy. Radio One has a net worth of $450.8 million.The Piney Woods Country Life School has a Board Member,<mask>.

48866190

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20William%20Doyle

Charles William Doyle

Lieutenant-General Sir Charles William Doyle, GCH, CB (1770 – 25 October 1842) was a British Army officer who served during the Napoleonic Wars. Biography Doyle was born in 1770, the eldest son of William Doyle of Bramblestown, County Kilkenny, KC and master in chancery in Ireland. William Doyle was the eldest son of Charles Doyle of Bramblestown, and therefore elder brother of General Sir John Doyle, 1st Baronet. and General Welbore Ellis Doyle. Doyle entered the army as an ensign in the 14th Foot, which was commanded by his uncle, Welbore, on 28 April 1783, and was promoted lieutenant on 12 February 1793, in which year he accompanied his regiment to the Netherlands. The 14th Foot was one of the 'ragged' regiments which Harry Calvert compares in his ‘Letters’ to Falstaff's soldiers, but Major-General Ralph Abercromby soon got them into better condition, in which task he was helped by Doyle, whom he appointed his brigade-major. Abercromby's brigade was conspicuous for its efficiency throughout the ensuing campaigns. With the regiment, Doyle was present at the Battle of Famars, where his uncle, Welbore, led the attack at the head of the 14th Foot to the tune of "Ça ira", an incident described in his cousins Sir F. H. Doyle's spirited poem, reprinted in his Reminiscences. Doyle was publicly thanked by Abercromby for carrying a redoubt in the heights above Valenciennes, and then acted as orderly officer to the Austrian generals during the siege of that town, when he was wounded in the head. Doyle's next service was at the Battle of Lannoy, where he acted as aide-de-camp to Abercromby, and was wounded in the hand, and he was selected to take the despatch announcing the battle to the Duke of York. At the close of the campaign he was transferred to the adjutancy of the 91st Foot, and in June 1794 he purchased the captain-lieutenancy and adjutancy of the 105th Foot, from which he soon exchanged into the 87th Foot, commanded by his uncle, John. He accompanied this regiment to the West Indies in 1796, and acted first as brigade-major and then as aide-de-camp to Abercromby, whose public thanks he received in 1797 for covering the embarkation of the troops from the Puerto Rico, as also those of the Governor of Barbados in 1798 for having in an open boat with only thirty soldiers driven off a dangerous French privateer, and retaken two of her prizes. He was recommended for a majority, but in vain, and in the following year, after acting as brigade-major at Gibraltar, he was again recommended for a majority, but the governor's recommendation arrived just two days too late. Doyle threw up his staff appointment to serve in the expedition to Den Helder in 1799, but was again too late, and he was immediately afterwards appointed a brigade-major to the army, sailing under Abercromby for the Mediterranean. He was attached to Lord Cavan's brigade, and was present with it at Cadiz and Malta, and finally in Egypt, where he served in the battles of Abukir, Mandara, and Alexandria, in the latter of which he was severely wounded. While lying wounded at Rosetta he learned from some wounded French prisoners that the garrison of Cairo was weak, and by giving timely information to General Lord Hutchinson, he insured the fall of that city. He was heartily thanked by Hutchinson, and again recommended, for the fifth time, for a majority, which however he did not receive until after the conclusion of the Peace of Amiens, on 9 July 1803. In the same year he was appointed brigade-major to Sir James Henry Craig, commanding the eastern district. In 1804 he first commanded the volunteers and directed the defences of Scotland, for which he was thanked by General Sir Hew Dalrymple; he then commanded the light infantry on Barham Downs, and published his Military Catechism, and was at the close of the year appointed assistant quartermaster-general in Guernsey. On 22 August 1805 Doyle was promoted lieutenant-colonel into his uncle's regiment, the 87th, and commanded it for three years during Sir John Doyle's lieutenant-governorship of that island. In 1808 the government determined not only to send troops to Portugal, but also to send ammunition and money, and above all British officers, to the help of the insurgents in Spain. Napier censures this proceeding, but acknowledges the military ability of many of the British officers, among whom Doyle was the most distinguished. Doyle's mission was at once political and military, and he was instructed first to arm and discipline as many Spanish troops as he could, and secondly to try to reconcile the various Spanish leaders. His first services in the field were performed in Galicia, but he was soon transferred to Catalonia and the east coast of Spain. In the campaign of 1810 Doyle had two horses killed under him; in 1811 he was wounded in the knee in the battle of the Coll de Balaguer; in honour of his services in the defence of Tortosa he was begged to add the arms of the city to his own; he received a special medal for leading the assault upon the tower and battery of Begur; he got a convoy safely into Figueres, and was wounded in the gallant defence of Tarragona. For these great services he was made a Spanish lieutenant-general at the special request of the juntas of Catalonia, Valencia, and Aragon, and was presented with two gold crosses for his defence of Tarragona and for his six actions in Catalonia. His light infantry, which was known as Doyle's 'Triadores', was in particular distinguished in every battle, and general regret was expressed when Doyle was ordered home in 1811. On his way home he was stopped by Sir Henry Wellesley at Cadiz, and begged by him to take command of the camp which was being formed in order to organise a new army of the south. He consented, and remained with the title of director and inspector-general of military instruction, and had a whole brigade ready for the field in a fortnight after the formation of the camp. These services were greatly praised in Sir Henry Wellesley's despatches, and on 4 June 1813 Doyle was appointed an aide-de-camp to the Prince Regent, and promoted to the rank of colonel in the British Army. He continued in Spain till the end of the war in 1814, but in the distribution of honours which followed he was unable to obtain the distinction of Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath, because he did not have the gold cross and clasp for commanding a regiment or being on the staff in five general actions. Doyle was, however, made a Knight Bachelor and appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath, and was allowed to wear the Spanish Order of Charles III. In 1819 he was promoted major-general, made colonel of the 10th Royal Veteran battalion, and created a Knight Commander of the Royal Guelphic Order. From 1825 to 1830 Doyle commanded the south-western district of Ireland; in 1837 he was promoted lieutenant-general, and in 1839 he was made a Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order. He died at Paris on 25 October 1842, leaving by his first wife, Sophia, daughter of Sir John Coghill, 1st Baronet, three sons: Charles Hastings, John Sydney (both also army officers) and Percy William, a diplomat. He was buried at Père Lachaise Cemetery. Notes References 1770 births 1842 deaths British Army generals Companions of the Order of the Bath Officiers of the Légion d'honneur West Yorkshire Regiment officers 87th (Royal Irish Fusiliers) Regiment of Foot officers King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry officers British Army personnel of the Peninsular War British Army personnel of the Napoleonic Wars Knights Bachelor

Lieutenant-General <mask>, GCH, CB (1770 – 25 October 1842) was a British Army officer who served during the Napoleonic Wars. Biography <mask> was born in 1770, the eldest son of <mask> of Bramblestown, County Kilkenny, KC and master in chancery in Ireland. <mask> was the eldest son of <mask> of Bramblestown, and therefore elder brother of General Sir <mask>, 1st Baronet. and General <mask>. <mask> entered the army as an ensign in the 14th Foot, which was commanded by his uncle, Welbore, on 28 April 1783, and was promoted lieutenant on 12 February 1793, in which year he accompanied his regiment to the Netherlands. The 14th Foot was one of the 'ragged' regiments which Harry Calvert compares in his ‘Letters’ to Falstaff's soldiers, but Major-General Ralph Abercromby soon got them into better condition, in which task he was helped by <mask>, whom he appointed his brigade-major. Abercromby's brigade was conspicuous for its efficiency throughout the ensuing campaigns.With the regiment, <mask> was present at the Battle of Famars, where his uncle, Welbore, led the attack at the head of the 14th Foot to the tune of "Ça ira", an incident described in his cousins Sir F. H<mask>'s spirited poem, reprinted in his Reminiscences. <mask> was publicly thanked by Abercromby for carrying a redoubt in the heights above Valenciennes, and then acted as orderly officer to the Austrian generals during the siege of that town, when he was wounded in the head. <mask>'s next service was at the Battle of Lannoy, where he acted as aide-de-camp to Abercromby, and was wounded in the hand, and he was selected to take the despatch announcing the battle to the Duke of York. At the close of the campaign he was transferred to the adjutancy of the 91st Foot, and in June 1794 he purchased the captain-lieutenancy and adjutancy of the 105th Foot, from which he soon exchanged into the 87th Foot, commanded by his uncle, John. He accompanied this regiment to the West Indies in 1796, and acted first as brigade-major and then as aide-de-camp to Abercromby, whose public thanks he received in 1797 for covering the embarkation of the troops from the Puerto Rico, as also those of the Governor of Barbados in 1798 for having in an open boat with only thirty soldiers driven off a dangerous French privateer, and retaken two of her prizes. He was recommended for a majority, but in vain, and in the following year, after acting as brigade-major at Gibraltar, he was again recommended for a majority, but the governor's recommendation arrived just two days too late. <mask> threw up his staff appointment to serve in the expedition to Den Helder in 1799, but was again too late, and he was immediately afterwards appointed a brigade-major to the army, sailing under Abercromby for the Mediterranean.He was attached to Lord Cavan's brigade, and was present with it at Cadiz and Malta, and finally in Egypt, where he served in the battles of Abukir, Mandara, and Alexandria, in the latter of which he was severely wounded. While lying wounded at Rosetta he learned from some wounded French prisoners that the garrison of Cairo was weak, and by giving timely information to General Lord Hutchinson, he insured the fall of that city. He was heartily thanked by Hutchinson, and again recommended, for the fifth time, for a majority, which however he did not receive until after the conclusion of the Peace of Amiens, on 9 July 1803. In the same year he was appointed brigade-major to Sir James Henry Craig, commanding the eastern district. In 1804 he first commanded the volunteers and directed the defences of Scotland, for which he was thanked by General Sir Hew Dalrymple; he then commanded the light infantry on Barham Downs, and published his Military Catechism, and was at the close of the year appointed assistant quartermaster-general in Guernsey. On 22 August 1805 <mask> was promoted lieutenant-colonel into his uncle's regiment, the 87th, and commanded it for three years during Sir <mask>'s lieutenant-governorship of that island. In 1808 the government determined not only to send troops to Portugal, but also to send ammunition and money, and above all British officers, to the help of the insurgents in Spain.Napier censures this proceeding, but acknowledges the military ability of many of the British officers, among whom <mask> was the most distinguished. <mask>'s mission was at once political and military, and he was instructed first to arm and discipline as many Spanish troops as he could, and secondly to try to reconcile the various Spanish leaders. His first services in the field were performed in Galicia, but he was soon transferred to Catalonia and the east coast of Spain. In the campaign of 1810 <mask> had two horses killed under him; in 1811 he was wounded in the knee in the battle of the Coll de Balaguer; in honour of his services in the defence of Tortosa he was begged to add the arms of the city to his own; he received a special medal for leading the assault upon the tower and battery of Begur; he got a convoy safely into Figueres, and was wounded in the gallant defence of Tarragona. For these great services he was made a Spanish lieutenant-general at the special request of the juntas of Catalonia, Valencia, and Aragon, and was presented with two gold crosses for his defence of Tarragona and for his six actions in Catalonia. His light infantry, which was known as <mask>'s 'Triadores', was in particular distinguished in every battle, and general regret was expressed when <mask> was ordered home in 1811. On his way home he was stopped by Sir Henry Wellesley at Cadiz, and begged by him to take command of the camp which was being formed in order to organise a new army of the south.He consented, and remained with the title of director and inspector-general of military instruction, and had a whole brigade ready for the field in a fortnight after the formation of the camp. These services were greatly praised in Sir Henry Wellesley's despatches, and on 4 June 1813 <mask> was appointed an aide-de-camp to the Prince Regent, and promoted to the rank of colonel in the British Army. He continued in Spain till the end of the war in 1814, but in the distribution of honours which followed he was unable to obtain the distinction of Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath, because he did not have the gold cross and clasp for commanding a regiment or being on the staff in five general actions. <mask> was, however, made a Knight Bachelor and appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath, and was allowed to wear the Spanish Order of Charles III. In 1819 he was promoted major-general, made colonel of the 10th Royal Veteran battalion, and created a Knight Commander of the Royal Guelphic Order. From 1825 to 1830 <mask> commanded the south-western district of Ireland; in 1837 he was promoted lieutenant-general, and in 1839 he was made a Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order. He died at Paris on 25 October 1842, leaving by his first wife, Sophia, daughter of Sir John Coghill, 1st Baronet, three sons: <mask>, John Sydney (both also army officers) and <mask>, a diplomat.He was buried at Père Lachaise Cemetery. Notes References 1770 births 1842 deaths British Army generals Companions of the Order of the Bath Officiers of the Légion d'honneur West Yorkshire Regiment officers 87th (Royal Irish Fusiliers) Regiment of Foot officers King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry officers British Army personnel of the Peninsular War British Army personnel of the Napoleonic Wars Knights Bachelor

The British Army officer who served during the Napoleonic Wars was Lieutenant-General Sir <mask>. WILLIAM DOYLE was the oldest son and master in chancery in Ireland and was born in 1770. <mask> was the elder brother of General Sir John, 1st Baronet. They were joined by General <mask>. He joined the army as an ensign in the 14th Foot, which was commanded by his uncle, Welbore, on 28 April 1783, and was promoted lieutenant on 12 February 1793, in which year he accompanied his battalion to the Netherlands. The 14th Foot was one of the 'ragged' units which Harry Calvert compares in his letter to Falstaff's soldiers. The brigade was efficient throughout the campaigns.At the Battle of Famars, his uncle, Welbore, led the attack on the head of the 14th Foot to the tune of "a ira". After carrying a redoubt in the heights above Valenciennes and acting as an orderly officer to the Austrian generals during the siege of that town, he was wounded in the head. He was wounded in the hand at the Battle of Lannoy and was selected to take the despatch announcing the battle to the Duke of York. He purchased the captain-lieutenancy and adjutancy of the 105th Foot from which he exchanged into the 87th Foot, commanded by his uncle. He acted first as brigade-major and then as aide-de-camp to Abercromby, who received public thanks for covering the embarkation of the troops from the Puerto Rico. After acting as brigade-major at Gibraltar, he was again recommended for a majority, but the governor's recommendation arrived just two days too late. He was appointed a brigade-major in the army after throwing up his staff appointment to serve in the expedition to Den Helder.He served in the battles of Abukir, Mandara, and Alexandria in Egypt, where he was severely wounded, and was attached to Lord Cavan's brigade. He insured the fall of Cairo by giving General Lord Hutchinson timely information that the garrison of the city was weak. He was heartily thanked by Hutchinson, and again recommended, for the fifth time, for a majority, which he did not receive until after the conclusion of the Peace of Amiens. He was appointed brigade-major to Sir James Henry Craig in the same year. He commanded the volunteers and directed the defences of Scotland, for which he was thanked by General Sir Hew Dalrymple, and at the end of the year he was appointed assistant quartermaster-general. On August 22, 1805, he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel and commanded the 87th for three years. The government decided to send troops to Portugal in order to help the rebels in Spain.The military ability of many of the British officers was acknowledged by Napier. He was told to arm and discipline as many Spanish troops as he could, and to try to reconcile the various Spanish leaders, as his mission was at once political and military. His first service in the field was in Galicia, but he soon moved to Catalonia and the east coast of Spain. He received the arms of the city after he was wounded in the battle of the Coll de Balaguer in honor of his service to the city. He was made a Spanish lieutenant-general at the request of the juntas of Catalonia, Valencia, and Aragon, and given two gold crosses for his actions in Catalonia. His light infantry, known as the 'Triadores', was distinguished in every battle and general regret was expressed when he was ordered home. He was stopped by Sir Henry Wellesley at Cadiz and begged to take command of the camp which was being formed in order to organize a new army of the south.He remained with the title of director and inspector-general of military instruction, and had a whole brigade ready for the field in a fortnight after the formation of the camp. The services were praised in Sir Henry Wellesley's despatches, and on 4 June 1813, the aide-de-camp to the Prince Regent was promoted to the rank of colonel in the British Army. He was not given the Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath because he did not have the gold cross and clasp for commanding a unit or being on the staff. The Companion of the Order of the Bath was made a Knight Bachelor and was allowed to wear the Spanish Order of Charles III. In 1819 he was promoted major-general, made colonel of the 10th Royal Veteran battalion, and created a Knight Commander of the Royal Guelphic Order. He commanded the south-western district of Ireland from 1824 to 1830 and was promoted to lieutenant-general in 1837. His first wife, Sophia, was the daughter of Sir John Coghill, 1st Baronet, and his three sons were all army officers.He was buried in a cemetery. The Companions of the Order of the Bath Officiers of the Légion d'honneur were British Army generals.

5251720

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron%20Jones%20%28composer%29

Ron Jones (composer)

Ronald Jones (born July 7, 1954) is an American composer who has written music for television shows, including Star Trek: The Next Generation, DuckTales, American Dad!, and Family Guy. He composed the theme song for Nickelodeon's The Fairly OddParents with series creator Butch Hartman, and the music for the show's pilots. He lives in Stanwood, Washington, where he opened SkyMuse studios, a recording facility designed for post-production and music recording. Early life and career Jones was born in Kansas City, Kansas. After receiving a degree in music composition and music theory, he moved to Los Angeles, California, to enroll in the Dick Grove School of Music. He studied under Academy Award- and Emmy Award-nominated composer Lalo Schifrin, which came about when Schifrin asked Jones to copy a concerto for guitar and orchestra. While attending Dick Grove, Jones composed an NBC Movie of the Week and began scoring television series produced by Hanna-Barbera. In addition to writing the music for hundreds of episodes of Hanna-Barbera cartoons, Jones also arranged and composed the theme songs to such Hanna-Barbera shows as Smurfs and The Snorks. After five years at Hanna-Barbera, Jones left to work with the composing team of Mike Post and Pete Carpenter. While scoring for Post and Carpenter, Jones worked on such popular television series as The A-Team, Magnum, P.I., and Hardcastle and McCormack. The latter series starred two future Star Trek alumni in the title roles: Brian Keith as Judge Milton C. Hardcastle, and Daniel Hugh Kelly as Mark "Skid" McCormack. In 1987, Jones was recruited by Chris , the head of Disney Music, to compose the music for Disney's first syndicated cartoon series, DuckTales. was impressed with Jones' work during a session on a Hanna-Barbera cartoon and admired the composer's philosophy to respect the intelligence of the audience rather than creating a "patronizing" or "cute" score that would play down to them. Jones accepted Montag's request to score DuckTales, which became one of the most successful animated programs of all time. Jones worked on DuckTales through 1988, during which time he composed, conducted, arranged, and orchestrated various memorable cues and themes which were reused throughout the show's two-season run. Star Trek: The Next Generation Jones provided critically acclaimed work for the first four seasons (1987–1991) of Star Trek: The Next Generation (Star Trek: TNG). In total, Jones composed forty-two episodes of Star Trek: The Next Generation. He was interviewed by Bill Florence for the article "Ron Jones - Sounds in Space", published in The Official Star Trek: The Next Generation Magazine Vol. 14, pp. 16–22. After three seasons and starting in the fourth the producers chose other composers to assume Ron's position scoring the series. No specific reasons were given other than they wanted a less dramatic approach to the show's scores and less emphasis on melodic content. Despite the success of his work, Jones was fired from the crew of The Next Generation under controversial circumstances near the end of the fourth season. His firing was supposedly because his music was thought to be "too noticeable" by Rick Berman. Jones has since been a major critic of Berman-era Trek.; he cited the music of the subsequent Trek spin-offs as "less melodic and more pad-like." Furthermore, he thought the theme for Enterprise would have been better used for the opening ceremonies of the WNBA. Family Guy Jones created original music throughout the first 12 seasons (1999–2014) of Family Guy. Jones, with his various music and lyrics collaborators, has received four Emmy nominations for his work on the series: Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics in 2000 ("We Only Live to Kiss Your Ass" aka "This House is Freakin' Sweet", from "Peter, Peter, Caviar Eater") and 2011 ("Christmastime is Killing Us", from "Road to the North Pole"); Outstanding Music Composition for a Series in 2008 ("Lois Kills Stewie") and 2011 ("Road to the North Pole"). His collaborative work on the series also earned a Grammy nomination for 2012's Best Song Written for a Visual Media ("Christmastime is Killing Us"). For the two-part episodes "Stewie Kills Lois and Lois Kills Stewie", Jones paid homage to his own music from a popular Star Trek: TNG two-parter, "The Best of Both Worlds". Jones used parodies of two cues: the dramatic finale piece is reused at the end of "Stewie Kills Lois", while the piece used when Locutus of Borg first appears is reused when Lois reappears in "Lois Kills Stewie". The parodied cues can be heard on Jones' website. Awards 2003 BMI Film and TV Awards: Main Title Theme 2002 BMI Film and TV Awards: Main Title Theme 1991 NAIRD Award: Best Soundtrack Album of the Year 1988 Emmy Awards: Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Drama Series (contributions) Television scores DuckTales (1987–1988) Walt Disney Television Animation Star Trek: The Next Generation (1987–1991) Paramount Domestic Television Superman (1988) Ruby-Spears Productions/Warner Bros. Television Studios Family Guy (1999–2014) Fox Broadcasting Company The Fairly OddParents (theme song) (2001–2017) Nickelodeon/Frederator Studios American Dad! (2005–2009, left to focus on Family Guy, replaced by Joel McNeely) Fox Broadcasting Company Selected discography Star Trek - The Next Generation: Music from the Original Television Soundtrack, Volume Two (The Best of Both Worlds) (GNP Crescendo) "Star Trek: The Next Generation - The Ron Jones Project (1987-1999)" released by Film Score Monthly. "Superman" (1988 Ruby-Spears animated series), disc 7 of Superman: The Music (1978-1988), released by Film Score Monthly. The Best of Star Trek: 30th Anniversary Special (tracks 6 & 7: Suite from "Heart of Glory") (GNP Crescendo) Scooby-Doo's Snack Tracks: The Ultimate Collection (two tracks) References External links Ron Jones Productions Ron Jones interview Ron Jones interview about FAMILY GUY The Influence Jazz Orchestra 1954 births Living people American film score composers

<mask> (born July 7, 1954) is an American composer who has written music for television shows, including Star Trek: The Next Generation, DuckTales, American Dad!, and Family Guy. He composed the theme song for Nickelodeon's The Fairly OddParents with series creator Butch Hartman, and the music for the show's pilots. He lives in Stanwood, Washington, where he opened SkyMuse studios, a recording facility designed for post-production and music recording. Early life and career <mask> was born in Kansas City, Kansas. After receiving a degree in music composition and music theory, he moved to Los Angeles, California, to enroll in the Dick Grove School of Music. He studied under Academy Award- and Emmy Award-nominated composer Lalo Schifrin, which came about when Schifrin asked <mask> to copy a concerto for guitar and orchestra. While attending Dick Grove, <mask> composed an NBC Movie of the Week and began scoring television series produced by Hanna-Barbera.In addition to writing the music for hundreds of episodes of Hanna-Barbera cartoons, <mask> also arranged and composed the theme songs to such Hanna-Barbera shows as Smurfs and The Snorks. After five years at Hanna-Barbera, <mask> left to work with the composing team of Mike Post and Pete Carpenter. While scoring for Post and Carpenter, <mask> worked on such popular television series as The A-Team, Magnum, P.I., and Hardcastle and McCormack. The latter series starred two future Star Trek alumni in the title roles: Brian Keith as Judge Milton C. Hardcastle, and Daniel Hugh Kelly as Mark "Skid" McCormack. In 1987, <mask> was recruited by Chris , the head of Disney Music, to compose the music for Disney's first syndicated cartoon series, DuckTales. was impressed with <mask>' work during a session on a Hanna-Barbera cartoon and admired the composer's philosophy to respect the intelligence of the audience rather than creating a "patronizing" or "cute" score that would play down to them. <mask> accepted Montag's request to score DuckTales, which became one of the most successful animated programs of all time.<mask> worked on DuckTales through 1988, during which time he composed, conducted, arranged, and orchestrated various memorable cues and themes which were reused throughout the show's two-season run. Star Trek: The Next Generation <mask> provided critically acclaimed work for the first four seasons (1987–1991) of Star Trek: The Next Generation (Star Trek: TNG). In total, <mask> composed forty-two episodes of Star Trek: The Next Generation. He was interviewed by Bill Florence for the article "<mask> - Sounds in Space", published in The Official Star Trek: The Next Generation Magazine Vol. 14, pp. 16–22. After three seasons and starting in the fourth the producers chose other composers to assume <mask>'s position scoring the series.No specific reasons were given other than they wanted a less dramatic approach to the show's scores and less emphasis on melodic content. Despite the success of his work, <mask> was fired from the crew of The Next Generation under controversial circumstances near the end of the fourth season. His firing was supposedly because his music was thought to be "too noticeable" by Rick Berman. <mask> has since been a major critic of Berman-era Trek. ; he cited the music of the subsequent Trek spin-offs as "less melodic and more pad-like." Furthermore, he thought the theme for Enterprise would have been better used for the opening ceremonies of the WNBA. Family Guy <mask> created original music throughout the first 12 seasons (1999–2014) of Family Guy.<mask>, with his various music and lyrics collaborators, has received four Emmy nominations for his work on the series: Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics in 2000 ("We Only Live to Kiss Your Ass" aka "This House is Freakin' Sweet", from "Peter, Peter, Caviar Eater") and 2011 ("Christmastime is Killing Us", from "Road to the North Pole"); Outstanding Music Composition for a Series in 2008 ("Lois Kills Stewie") and 2011 ("Road to the North Pole"). His collaborative work on the series also earned a Grammy nomination for 2012's Best Song Written for a Visual Media ("Christmastime is Killing Us"). For the two-part episodes "Stewie Kills Lois and Lois Kills Stewie", <mask> paid homage to his own music from a popular Star Trek: TNG two-parter, "The Best of Both Worlds". <mask> used parodies of two cues: the dramatic finale piece is reused at the end of "Stewie Kills Lois", while the piece used when Locutus of Borg first appears is reused when Lois reappears in "Lois Kills Stewie". The parodied cues can be heard on <mask>' website. Awards 2003 BMI Film and TV Awards: Main Title Theme 2002 BMI Film and TV Awards: Main Title Theme 1991 NAIRD Award: Best Soundtrack Album of the Year 1988 Emmy Awards: Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Drama Series (contributions) Television scores DuckTales (1987–1988) Walt Disney Television Animation Star Trek: The Next Generation (1987–1991) Paramount Domestic Television Superman (1988) Ruby-Spears Productions/Warner Bros. Television Studios Family Guy (1999–2014) Fox Broadcasting Company The Fairly OddParents (theme song) (2001–2017) Nickelodeon/Frederator Studios American Dad! (2005–2009, left to focus on Family Guy, replaced by Joel McNeely) Fox Broadcasting Company Selected discography Star Trek - The Next Generation: Music from the Original Television Soundtrack, Volume Two (The Best of Both Worlds) (GNP Crescendo) "Star Trek: The Next Generation - The Ron Jones Project (1987-1999)" released by Film Score Monthly."Superman" (1988 Ruby-Spears animated series), disc 7 of Superman: The Music (1978-1988), released by Film Score Monthly. The Best of Star Trek: 30th Anniversary Special (tracks 6 & 7: Suite from "Heart of Glory") (GNP Crescendo) Scooby-Doo's Snack Tracks: The Ultimate Collection (two tracks) References External links Ron Jones Productions <mask> interview <mask> interview about FAMILY GUY The Influence Jazz Orchestra 1954 births Living people American film score composers

<mask> is an American composer who has written music for television shows, including Star Trek: The Next Generation, DuckTales, American Dad!, and Family Guy. The theme song for The OddParents was composed by him, as was the music for the show's pilots. SkyMuse studios is a recording facility that he opened in Stanwood, Washington. <mask> was born in Kansas City, Kansas. After receiving a degree in music composition and music theory, he moved to Los Angeles to enroll in a music school. He studied under Academy Award- and Emmy Award-nominated composer Lalo Schifrin, who asked <mask> to copy a concerto for guitar and orchestra. An NBC Movie of the Week was composed by <mask> while he was at Dick grove.In addition to writing the music for hundreds of episodes of Hanna-Barbera cartoons, <mask> also arranged and composed the theme songs to such shows as Smurfs and The Snorks. After five years at Hanna-Barbera, <mask> left to work with the team of Mike Post and Pete Carpenter. <mask> scored for a number of popular television shows, including The A-Team, P.I., and Hardcastle and McCormack. The title roles of the latter series were played by two future Star Trek alumni. Chris, the head of Disney Music, recruited <mask> to compose the music for DuckTales. The composer's philosophy to respect the intelligence of the audience rather than creating a " patronizing" or "cute" score that would play down to them was something he admired. One of the most successful animated programs of all time was scored by <mask>.Throughout the show's two-season run, <mask> composed, conducted, arranged, and orchestrated various memorable cues and themes. The first four seasons of Star Trek: The Next Generation were critically acclaimed. Forty-two episodes of Star Trek: The Next Generation were composed by <mask>. The article "<mask> - Sounds in Space" was published in The Official Star Trek: The Next Generation Magazine. 14, pp. 16–22. The producers chose other composers to score the series after three seasons.They wanted a less dramatic approach to the show's scores and less emphasis on melodic content. Despite the success of his work, <mask> was fired from the crew of The Next Generation at the end of the fourth season. Rick Berman thought his music was too noticeable. <mask> was a critic of Berman-era Trek. The music of the Trek spin-offs was less melodic and more pad-like. He thought the theme for the opening ceremonies of the WNBA would have been better. The first 12 seasons of Family Guy had original music by Family Guy <mask>.In 2000 <mask> received a nomination for Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics for his work on the series "We Only Live to Kiss Your Ass". His song "Christmastime is Killing Us" was nominated for best song written for a visual media. <mask> paid homage to his own music from a Star Trek: TNG two-parter, "The Best of Both Worlds". When Locutus of Borg first appears in "Lois Kills Stewie", the dramatic finale piece is used again at the end of the show. On <mask>' website, the parodied cues can be heard. The main title theme of the film and TV awards was 2002 The Best of Both Worlds is the second volume of Star Trek - The Next Generation: Music from the Original Television Soundtrack.The seventh disc of Superman: The Music was released by Film Score Monthly. The Best of Star Trek: 30th Anniversary Special is available on DVD.

53893297

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klavs%20F.%20Jensen

Klavs F. Jensen

Klavs Flemming Jensen (born August 5, 1952) is a chemical engineer who is currently the Warren K. Lewis Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Jensen was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2002 for fundamental contributions to multi-scale chemical reaction engineering with important applications in microelectronic materials processing and microreactor technology. From 2007 to July 2015 he was the Head of the Department of Chemical Engineering at MIT. Education and career Jensen received his chemical engineering education from the Technical University of Denmark (M.Sc., 1976) and University of Wisconsin–Madison (PhD, 1980). Jensen's PhD advisor was W. Harmon Ray. In 1980, Jensen became assistant professor of chemical engineering and materials science at the University of Minnesota, before being promoted to associate professor in 1984 and full professor in 1988. In 1989, he moved to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Professor Jensen has been the Joeseph R. Mares Career Development Chair in Chemical Engineering (1989-1994), the Lammot du Pont Professor of Chemical Engineering (1996-2007), and the Warren K. Lewis Professor of Chemical Engineering (2007- present). Klavs served as Head of the MIT Department of Chemical Engineering from 2007-2015. In 2015, Professor Jensen became the founding Chair of the scientific journal Reaction Chemistry and Engineering by the Royal Society of Chemistry focused on bridging the gap between chemistry and chemical engineering. Research Jensen's research revolves around reaction and separation techniques for on-demand multistep synthesis, methods for automated synthesis, and microsystems biological discovery and manipulation. He is considered one of the pioneers of flow chemistry. Jensen, Armon Sharei and Robert S. Langer were the founders of SQZ Biotech. The trio, together with Andrea Adamo, developed the cell squeezing method in 2012. It enables delivery of molecules into cells by a gentle squeezing of the cell membrane. It is a high throughput vector-free microfluidic platform for intracellular delivery. It eliminates the possibility of toxicity or off-target effects as it does not rely on exogenous materials or electrical fields. Jensen, along with Timothy F. Jamison, Allan Myerson and coworkers, designed a refrigerator-sized mini factory to make clinic-ready drug formulations. The mini factory can make thousands of doses of a drug in about two hours. The factory can allow sudden public health needs to be more easily addressed. It can also be useful in developing countries and for making medicines with a short shelf life. Chemical & Engineering News named the mini factory in their list of notable chemistry research advances from 2016. Honours Memberships and fellowships Jensen was the recipient of a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1987. Jensen became an Elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry in 2004 and American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2007. He also became a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2002 and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2008. In May 2017, he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in recognition of his "distinguished and continuing achievements in original research." Awards In 2008, Jensen was included as one of the "100 Chemical Engineers of the Modern Era" by the American Institute of Chemical Engineers' (AIChE) Centennial Celebration Committee. In March 2012, he was the first recipient of the IUPAC-ThalesNano Prize in Flow Chemistry. Jensen was named in Foreign Policy magazine's 2016 list of the leading global thinkers along with Timothy F. Jamison and Allan Myerson. In 2016, he received the AIChE Founders Award for Outstanding Contributions to the Field of Chemical Engineering. Jensen has also received the National Science Foundation Presidential Young Investigator Award. Selected works Klavs Jensen has authored numerous journal articles describing significant advances in flow chemistry, microfluidics, chemical vapor deposition, and chemical engineering which includes but is not limited to: Bashir O Dabbousi, Javier Rodriguez-Viejo, Frederic V Mikulec, Jason R Heine, Hedi Mattoussi, Raymond Ober, Klavs F Jensen, Moungi G Bawendi "(CdSe) ZnS core− shell quantum dots: synthesis and characterization of a size series of highly luminescent nanocrystallites", Journal of Physical Chemistry B 46(101), 9463-9475 (1997). Jamil El-Ali, Peter K Sorger, Klavs F Jensen "Cells on Chips", Nature 442(7101), 403 (2006). Klavs F Jensen "Microreaction engineering - is small better?", Chemical Engineering Science 56(2), 293-303 (2001). Jinwook Lee, Vikram C Sundar, Jason R Heine, Moungi G Bawendi, Klavs F Jensen "Full color emission from II–VI semiconductor quantum dot–polymer composites", Advanced Materials 12(15), 1102-1105 (2000). Axel Gunther, Klavs F Jensen "Multiphase microfluidics: from flow characteristics to chemical and materials synthesis", Lab on a Chip 6(12), 1487-1503 (2006). Harry Moffat, Klavs F Jensen "Complex flow phenomena in MOCVD reactors: I. Horizontal reactors", Journal of Crystal Growth 77(1-3), 108-119 (1986). Lisi Xie, Qing Zhao, Klavs F. Jensen, Heather J. Kulik "Direct Observation of Early-Stage Quantum Dot Growth Mechanisms with High-Temperature Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics", The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 120(4), 2472–2483 (2016). References External links Jensen Research Group - MIT Klavs F. Jensen - Faculty Website, MIT Google Scholar - Klavs Jensen 1952 births Living people Chemical engineers Technical University of Denmark alumni University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Engineering alumni Minnesota CEMS MIT School of Engineering faculty Fellows of the Royal Society of Chemistry Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences

<mask> (born August 5, 1952) is a chemical engineer who is currently the Warren K. Lewis Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). <mask> was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2002 for fundamental contributions to multi-scale chemical reaction engineering with important applications in microelectronic materials processing and microreactor technology. From 2007 to July 2015 he was the Head of the Department of Chemical Engineering at MIT. Education and career <mask> received his chemical engineering education from the Technical University of Denmark (M.Sc., 1976) and University of Wisconsin–Madison (PhD, 1980). <mask>'s PhD advisor was W. Harmon Ray. In 1980, <mask> became assistant professor of chemical engineering and materials science at the University of Minnesota, before being promoted to associate professor in 1984 and full professor in 1988. In 1989, he moved to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Professor <mask> has been the Joeseph R. Mares Career Development Chair in Chemical Engineering (1989-1994), the Lammot du Pont Professor of Chemical Engineering (1996-2007), and the Warren K. Lewis Professor of Chemical Engineering (2007- present). <mask> served as Head of the MIT Department of Chemical Engineering from 2007-2015. In 2015, Professor <mask> became the founding Chair of the scientific journal Reaction Chemistry and Engineering by the Royal Society of Chemistry focused on bridging the gap between chemistry and chemical engineering. Research <mask>'s research revolves around reaction and separation techniques for on-demand multistep synthesis, methods for automated synthesis, and microsystems biological discovery and manipulation. He is considered one of the pioneers of flow chemistry. <mask>, Armon Sharei and Robert S. Langer were the founders of SQZ Biotech. The trio, together with Andrea Adamo, developed the cell squeezing method in 2012.It enables delivery of molecules into cells by a gentle squeezing of the cell membrane. It is a high throughput vector-free microfluidic platform for intracellular delivery. It eliminates the possibility of toxicity or off-target effects as it does not rely on exogenous materials or electrical fields. <mask>, along with Timothy F. Jamison, Allan Myerson and coworkers, designed a refrigerator-sized mini factory to make clinic-ready drug formulations. The mini factory can make thousands of doses of a drug in about two hours. The factory can allow sudden public health needs to be more easily addressed. It can also be useful in developing countries and for making medicines with a short shelf life.Chemical & Engineering News named the mini factory in their list of notable chemistry research advances from 2016. Honours Memberships and fellowships <mask> was the recipient of a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1987. <mask> became an Elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry in 2004 and American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2007. He also became a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2002 and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2008. In May 2017, he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in recognition of his "distinguished and continuing achievements in original research." Awards In 2008, <mask> was included as one of the "100 Chemical Engineers of the Modern Era" by the American Institute of Chemical Engineers' (AIChE) Centennial Celebration Committee. In March 2012, he was the first recipient of the IUPAC-ThalesNano Prize in Flow Chemistry.<mask> was named in Foreign Policy magazine's 2016 list of the leading global thinkers along with Timothy F. Jamison and Allan Myerson. In 2016, he received the AIChE Founders Award for Outstanding Contributions to the Field of Chemical Engineering. <mask> has also received the National Science Foundation Presidential Young Investigator Award. Selected works <mask> <mask> has authored numerous journal articles describing significant advances in flow chemistry, microfluidics, chemical vapor deposition, and chemical engineering which includes but is not limited to: Bashir O Dabbousi, Javier Rodriguez-Viejo, <mask> Mikulec, Jason R Heine, Hedi Mattoussi, Raymond Ober, <mask> <mask>, Moungi G Bawendi "(CdSe) ZnS core− shell quantum dots: synthesis and characterization of a size series of highly luminescent nanocrystallites", Journal of Physical Chemistry B 46(101), 9463-9475 (1997). Jamil El-Ali, Peter K Sorger, <mask> <mask> "Cells on Chips", Nature 442(7101), 403 (2006). <mask> <mask> "Microreaction engineering - is small better? ", Chemical Engineering Science 56(2), 293-303 (2001).Jinwook Lee, Vikram C Sundar, Jason R Heine, Moungi G Bawendi, <mask> <mask> "Full color emission from II–VI semiconductor quantum dot–polymer composites", Advanced Materials 12(15), 1102-1105 (2000). Axel Gunther, <mask> <mask> "Multiphase microfluidics: from flow characteristics to chemical and materials synthesis", Lab on a Chip 6(12), 1487-1503 (2006). Harry Moffat, <mask> <mask> "Complex flow phenomena in MOCVD reactors: I. Horizontal reactors", Journal of Crystal Growth 77(1-3), 108-119 (1986). Lisi Xie, Qing Zhao, <mask> F. <mask>, Heather J. Kulik "Direct Observation of Early-Stage Quantum Dot Growth Mechanisms with High-Temperature Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics", The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 120(4), 2472–2483 (2016). References External links Jensen Research Group - MIT Klavs F. Jensen - Faculty Website, MIT Google Scholar - <mask> <mask> 1952 births Living people Chemical engineers Technical University of Denmark alumni University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Engineering alumni Minnesota CEMS MIT School of Engineering faculty Fellows of the Royal Society of Chemistry Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences

The Warren K. Lewis Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology is a chemical engineer who was born on August 5, 1952. <mask> was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2002 for his contributions to multi-scale chemical reaction engineering. He was the head of the department of chemical engineering at MIT. <mask> received his chemical engineering education from the Technical University of Denmark and the University of Wisconsin–Madison. W. Harmon Ray was <mask>'s PhD advisor. In 1980, <mask> became assistant professor of chemical engineering and materials science at the University of Minnesota, before being promoted to associate professor in 1984 and full professor in 1988. He moved to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1989.Professor <mask> is the Warren K. Lewis Professor of Chemical Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was the Head of the MIT Department of Chemical Engineering from 2007 to 2015. Professor <mask> became the founding Chair of the scientific journal Reaction Chemistry and Engineering in order to bridge the gap between chemistry and chemical engineering. <mask>'s research focuses on reaction and separation techniques for on-demand multistep synthesis, methods for automated synthesis, and microsystems biological discovery and manipulation. He is a pioneer of flow chemistry. <mask>, Armon Sharei and Robert S. The cell squeezing method was developed by the trio.It allows delivery of the molecule into the cell by squeezing it. It is a high throughput platform. It doesn't rely on materials or electrical fields for toxicity or off-target effects. The mini factory was designed by <mask>, Timothy F. Jamison, Allan Myerson, and others. In about two hours, the mini factory can make thousands of doses of a drug. sudden public health needs can be easily addressed by the factory. It can be used in developing countries to make medicines with a short shelf life.The mini factory was named in a list of notable chemistry research advances. The recipient of a Guggenheim fellowship was Honours Memberships and <mask>. In 2004, <mask> became an elected fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry. He joined the National Academy of Engineering in 2002 and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2008. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in recognition of his "distinguished and continuing achievements in original research." <mask> was included in the " 100 Chemical Engineers of the Modern Era" by the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. He was the first recipient of the IUPAC-ThalesNano Prize in Flow Chemistry.<mask> was named in Foreign Policy magazine's list of the leading global thinkers. He received an award for outstanding contributions to the field of chemical engineering. The National Science Foundation has 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 Several journal articles describe significant advances in flow chemistry, microfluidics, chemical vapor deposition, and chemical engineering which is not limited to:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "Cells on Chips" was written by Peter K Sorger and Jamil El-Ali. Is microreaction engineering better? ", Chemical Engineering Science 56(2), pp."Full color emission from II–VI Semiconductor quantum dot–polymer composites" was written by Jinwook Lee. "Multiphase microfluidics: from flow characteristics to chemical and materials synthesis" was published in the Lab on a Chip 6(12). "Complex flow phenomena in MOCVD reactors: I. Horizontal reactor" was published in the Journal of Crystal Growth. "Direct Observation of Early-Stage Quantum Dot Growth Mechanisms with High-Temperature Ab InitioMolecular Dynamics" was published in The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 120(4). There are external links to the Jensen Research Group.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Cooper%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201968%29

Mark Cooper (footballer, born 1968)

Mark Nicholas Cooper (born 18 December 1968) is an English former association football player and manager who played as a midfielder. He is currently the manager of Barrow. Cooper followed his father Terry into the sport, starting his career with Bristol City in 1987. During a 22-year playing career he was at 17 clubs, including three on loan and two spells at Exeter City. He played 457 league games, during which he scored 115 goals, with his five-year spell at non-league Tamworth being his longest at any club. At two of his final three clubs, he also combined the role with being manager. He then went into management full-time, with clubs both outside and within the Football League. Playing career Born in Wakefield, West Riding of Yorkshire, Cooper's football career started in 1987, where he first appeared on the books of Bristol City as a trainee, but never made any first team appearances for the club. After two seasons with the Robins, Cooper moved on to Exeter City, managed by his father, in October 1989. He played 50 games and scored 12 goals for the south-western club, and during his time with The Grecians, Mark went on loan to Southend United, where he only made 5 appearances. In September 1991, Cooper joined Birmingham City. He played a total of 39 games, and scored 4 goals for the Midlands club. Cooper next signed for London club Fulham for a £40,000 fee. After only 14 games for the club, and a brief loan spell with Huddersfield Town in 1993, he moved on to Wycombe Wanderers, before returning for a second spell with Exeter City in February 1994. Two seasons later Cooper went north to Hartlepool United, where he made 31 appearances and scored 9 goals. His third and final loan spell was with Macclesfield Town in September 1997, where he spent two months and made just 8 appearances, scoring twice. In December 1997, Cooper joined Leyton Orient on a non-contract basis, before moving on to Rushden & Diamonds. After two years with the club, Cooper moved on to Hednesford Town. Cooper then moved on to Forest Green Rovers, where he was club captain and named Supporters' Player of the Year. This was his final team before joining Tamworth as a player in May 2002. Managerial career At the start of the 2003–04 season Cooper was appointed player/assistant manager at Tamworth and moved up to manager following the departure of Darron Gee for the 2004–05 season. During his time as Tamworth manager, Cooper managed to get them into the third round of the FA Cup in two consecutive seasons. The first time they played against Stoke City at the Britannia Stadium and they managed to force a replay at their own ground, where the game was decided on penalties. The following season they played against Norwich City and lost 4–1. Tamworth's league form did not match their cup exploits, however. In the 2005–06 season Tamworth finished second-bottom of the Conference, and only survived when Canvey Island resigned from the league. The following season went little better, and on 24 January 2007, he left Tamworth by mutual consent, with the club bottom of the Conference table. On 16 May 2007, Cooper was appointed manager of Kettering Town. He had a successful first season with the Poppies, winning the Conference North title with a margin of 17 points. In the 2008–09 season, he guided Kettering to the FA Cup fourth round, a joint record for the furthest the club have been in the competition, where they faced Premier League team Fulham. He also guided the Poppies to eight place in the Conference National, completing a successful return to that division. After days of speculation, on 13 November 2009, Cooper agreed in principle to a three-and-a-half-year contract to become Darren Ferguson's successor as manager of Championship side Peterborough United. He was appointed as manager the following day. He left Kettering second in the table and on a twelve-game unbeaten run. The Poppies were also in the Second Round of the FA Cup, and had been handed a dream tie against Leeds United. Cooper managed his last game as a Poppy away at Cambridge United where his side won 2–0, Cooper was applauded off the pitch by the Kettering Town faithful and had tears running down his cheeks. On 25 November, he made his first signing as Peterborough manager, signing Exodus Geohaghon from former club Kettering Town. On 19 December, Peterborough won their first game with Cooper in charge, a 2–1 home win against Watford. Later that month, they recovered from a 0–4 home deficit to Cardiff City to claim a 4–4 draw. Cooper was sacked just 13 games into his tenure on 1 February 2010 with only 1 win in those 13 games. Cooper was named Darlington manager on 29 June 2010, where he signed a two-year contract. Chairman Raj Singh turned down official approaches from Lincoln City and York City for Cooper in October. Cooper's first season with Darlington in 2010–11 was deemed a success. After a rocky start to the season the team recovered, going on a run of only one defeat in 20 league and cup matches from January 2011, eventually finishing in a creditable league position of 7th. Darlington under Cooper's guidance also reached the second round of the FA Cup, and beat Mansfield Town 1–0 at Wembley to win the 2011 FA Trophy Final. Following what the chairman described as "recent results ... closer to relegation form than promotion form", Cooper was dismissed as Darlington manager on 24 October 2011. On 4 January 2012, Cooper was appointed caretaker manager of Kettering Town, but withdrew from the role after only one match citing the club's off-field issues. Cooper was appointed manager at AFC Telford United on 31 January 2013 after Andy Sinton was sacked. After just five games in charge – one draw and four defeats – he was appointed assistant to new Swindon Town manager Kevin MacDonald. On 20 August 2013, he was appointed manager of Swindon Town, after taking over as assistant manager from when MacDonald resigned on 13 July 2013. He led the club to 8th in his first season in charge during the 2013-14 Football League One campaign, and followed that up by qualifying for the 2014–15 League One play-offs the following season. After play-off semi-final success over Sheffield United, he led the club out in the 2015 League One play-off final at Wembley Stadium but was denied promotion, losing 4–0 to Preston North End. Later after play-off final defeat, he sold midfield duo Ben Gladwin and Massimo Luongo to Queens Park Rangers for undisclosed seven-figure transfer fees. On 17 October 2015, following a 2–0 defeat to Millwall, it was announced that he had parted company with Swindon Town. Cooper was appointed manager of League Two Notts County on 20 March 2016 on a short-term contract until the end of the season. He was set a points target which, if met, would bring a permanent deal. He met the target but chose to leave the club Forest Green Rovers After leaving Notts County, Cooper became manager of Forest Green Rovers; when he joined, on 9 May, they had just reached the 2016 National League play-off Final, although caretaker manager Scott Bartlett took charge for the final at Wembley with Cooper in an advisory role. On 23 November 2019 Mark Cooper was accused of provoking Leyton Orient Interim Head Coach Ross Embleton with a comment about the passing of Justin Edinburgh. Cooper denied the allegations, and the Football Association decided not to investigate the matter further. On 11 April 2021, Forest Green Rovers parted company with Cooper after five years at the club during which he oversaw a historic promotion to the Football League. Barrow On 28 May 2021, Cooper was appointed as manager of Barrow after weeks of speculation, signing a three-year deal with the club. On 17 February 2022, Cooper was given an eight-game touchline ban for comments he allegedly made to a female assistant referee which included a reference to gender. Personal life He is the son of former Leeds United and England full-back Terry Cooper. Mark's son, Charlie, also became a footballer; who plays for Wealdstone. Managerial statistics References External links 1968 births Living people Footballers from Wakefield English footballers Association football midfielders Bristol City F.C. players Exeter City F.C. players Southend United F.C. players Birmingham City F.C. players Fulham F.C. players Huddersfield Town A.F.C. players Wycombe Wanderers F.C. players Hartlepool United F.C. players Macclesfield Town F.C. players Leyton Orient F.C. players Rushden & Diamonds F.C. players Telford United F.C. players Hednesford Town F.C. players Forest Green Rovers F.C. players Tamworth F.C. players Hinckley United F.C. players Kettering Town F.C. players English Football League players National League (English football) players English football managers Tamworth F.C. managers Kettering Town F.C. managers Peterborough United F.C. managers Darlington F.C. managers AFC Telford United managers Swindon Town F.C. managers Notts County F.C. managers Forest Green Rovers F.C. managers Barrow A.F.C. managers English Football League managers National League (English football) managers Tamworth F.C. non-playing staff

<mask> (born 18 December 1968) is an English former association football player and manager who played as a midfielder. He is currently the manager of Barrow. <mask> followed his father Terry into the sport, starting his career with Bristol City in 1987. During a 22-year playing career he was at 17 clubs, including three on loan and two spells at Exeter City. He played 457 league games, during which he scored 115 goals, with his five-year spell at non-league Tamworth being his longest at any club. At two of his final three clubs, he also combined the role with being manager. He then went into management full-time, with clubs both outside and within the Football League.Playing career Born in Wakefield, West Riding of Yorkshire, <mask>'s football career started in 1987, where he first appeared on the books of Bristol City as a trainee, but never made any first team appearances for the club. After two seasons with the Robins, <mask> moved on to Exeter City, managed by his father, in October 1989. He played 50 games and scored 12 goals for the south-western club, and during his time with The Grecians, <mask> went on loan to Southend United, where he only made 5 appearances. In September 1991, <mask> joined Birmingham City. He played a total of 39 games, and scored 4 goals for the Midlands club. <mask> next signed for London club Fulham for a £40,000 fee. After only 14 games for the club, and a brief loan spell with Huddersfield Town in 1993, he moved on to Wycombe Wanderers, before returning for a second spell with Exeter City in February 1994.Two seasons later <mask> went north to Hartlepool United, where he made 31 appearances and scored 9 goals. His third and final loan spell was with Macclesfield Town in September 1997, where he spent two months and made just 8 appearances, scoring twice. In December 1997, <mask> joined Leyton Orient on a non-contract basis, before moving on to Rushden & Diamonds. After two years with the club, <mask> moved on to Hednesford Town. <mask> then moved on to Forest Green Rovers, where he was club captain and named Supporters' Player of the Year. This was his final team before joining Tamworth as a player in May 2002. Managerial career At the start of the 2003–04 season <mask> was appointed player/assistant manager at Tamworth and moved up to manager following the departure of Darron Gee for the 2004–05 season.During his time as Tamworth manager, <mask> managed to get them into the third round of the FA Cup in two consecutive seasons. The first time they played against Stoke City at the Britannia Stadium and they managed to force a replay at their own ground, where the game was decided on penalties. The following season they played against Norwich City and lost 4–1. Tamworth's league form did not match their cup exploits, however. In the 2005–06 season Tamworth finished second-bottom of the Conference, and only survived when Canvey Island resigned from the league. The following season went little better, and on 24 January 2007, he left Tamworth by mutual consent, with the club bottom of the Conference table. On 16 May 2007, <mask> was appointed manager of Kettering Town.He had a successful first season with the Poppies, winning the Conference North title with a margin of 17 points. In the 2008–09 season, he guided Kettering to the FA Cup fourth round, a joint record for the furthest the club have been in the competition, where they faced Premier League team Fulham. He also guided the Poppies to eight place in the Conference National, completing a successful return to that division. After days of speculation, on 13 November 2009, <mask> agreed in principle to a three-and-a-half-year contract to become Darren Ferguson's successor as manager of Championship side Peterborough United. He was appointed as manager the following day. He left Kettering second in the table and on a twelve-game unbeaten run. The Poppies were also in the Second Round of the FA Cup, and had been handed a dream tie against Leeds United.<mask> managed his last game as a Poppy away at Cambridge United where his side won 2–0, <mask> was applauded off the pitch by the Kettering Town faithful and had tears running down his cheeks. On 25 November, he made his first signing as Peterborough manager, signing Exodus Geohaghon from former club Kettering Town. On 19 December, Peterborough won their first game with <mask> in charge, a 2–1 home win against Watford. Later that month, they recovered from a 0–4 home deficit to Cardiff City to claim a 4–4 draw. <mask> was sacked just 13 games into his tenure on 1 February 2010 with only 1 win in those 13 games. <mask> was named Darlington manager on 29 June 2010, where he signed a two-year contract. Chairman Raj Singh turned down official approaches from Lincoln City and York City for <mask> in October.<mask>'s first season with Darlington in 2010–11 was deemed a success. After a rocky start to the season the team recovered, going on a run of only one defeat in 20 league and cup matches from January 2011, eventually finishing in a creditable league position of 7th. Darlington under <mask>'s guidance also reached the second round of the FA Cup, and beat Mansfield Town 1–0 at Wembley to win the 2011 FA Trophy Final. Following what the chairman described as "recent results ... closer to relegation form than promotion form", <mask> was dismissed as Darlington manager on 24 October 2011. On 4 January 2012, <mask> was appointed caretaker manager of Kettering Town, but withdrew from the role after only one match citing the club's off-field issues. <mask> was appointed manager at AFC Telford United on 31 January 2013 after Andy Sinton was sacked. After just five games in charge – one draw and four defeats – he was appointed assistant to new Swindon Town manager Kevin MacDonald.On 20 August 2013, he was appointed manager of Swindon Town, after taking over as assistant manager from when MacDonald resigned on 13 July 2013. He led the club to 8th in his first season in charge during the 2013-14 Football League One campaign, and followed that up by qualifying for the 2014–15 League One play-offs the following season. After play-off semi-final success over Sheffield United, he led the club out in the 2015 League One play-off final at Wembley Stadium but was denied promotion, losing 4–0 to Preston North End. Later after play-off final defeat, he sold midfield duo Ben Gladwin and Massimo Luongo to Queens Park Rangers for undisclosed seven-figure transfer fees. On 17 October 2015, following a 2–0 defeat to Millwall, it was announced that he had parted company with Swindon Town. <mask> was appointed manager of League Two Notts County on 20 March 2016 on a short-term contract until the end of the season. He was set a points target which, if met, would bring a permanent deal.He met the target but chose to leave the club Forest Green Rovers After leaving Notts County, <mask> became manager of Forest Green Rovers; when he joined, on 9 May, they had just reached the 2016 National League play-off Final, although caretaker manager Scott Bartlett took charge for the final at Wembley with <mask> in an advisory role. On 23 November 2019 <mask> was accused of provoking Leyton Orient Interim Head Coach Ross Embleton with a comment about the passing of Justin Edinburgh. <mask> denied the allegations, and the Football Association decided not to investigate the matter further. On 11 April 2021, Forest Green Rovers parted company with <mask> after five years at the club during which he oversaw a historic promotion to the Football League. Barrow On 28 May 2021, <mask> was appointed as manager of Barrow after weeks of speculation, signing a three-year deal with the club. On 17 February 2022, <mask> was given an eight-game touchline ban for comments he allegedly made to a female assistant referee which included a reference to gender. Personal life He is the son of former Leeds United and England full-back <mask>.<mask>'s son, Charlie, also became a footballer; who plays for Wealdstone. Managerial statistics References External links 1968 births Living people Footballers from Wakefield English footballers Association football midfielders Bristol City F.C. players Exeter City F.C. players Southend United F.C. players Birmingham City F.C. players Fulham F.C. players Huddersfield Town A.F.C.players Wycombe Wanderers F.C. players Hartlepool United F.C. players Macclesfield Town F.C. players Leyton Orient F.C. players Rushden & Diamonds F.C. players Telford United F.C. players Hednesford Town F.C.players Forest Green Rovers F.C. players Tamworth F.C. players Hinckley United F.C. players Kettering Town F.C. players English Football League players National League (English football) players English football managers Tamworth F.C. managers Kettering Town F.C. managers Peterborough United F.C.managers Darlington F.C. managers AFC Telford United managers Swindon Town F.C. managers Notts County F.C. managers Forest Green Rovers F.C. managers Barrow A.F.C. managers English Football League managers National League (English football) managers Tamworth F.C. non-playing staff

<mask> is an English former association football player and manager. He is in charge of Barrow. <mask> followed in his father's footsteps and began his career with Bristol City. He played for 17 clubs during his playing career, including three on loan and two spells at Exeter City. His five-year spell at non-league Tamworth was his longest at any club, and he scored 115 goals in 457 league games. He was manager at two of his final clubs. He went into management full-time with both clubs outside and within the Football League.<mask>'s football career began in 1987, when he first appeared on the books of Bristol City, but never made a first team appearance. In October 1989 <mask> moved to Exeter City, managed by his father. During his time with The Grecians, <mask> played 50 games and scored 12 goals, but he only made 5 appearances. In September 1991, <mask> joined the team. He played 39 games and scored 4 goals. <mask> signed for a fee of £40,000. After only 14 games for the club, and a brief loan spell with Huddersfield Town, he moved on to the other side of the country.<mask> made 31 appearances and scored 9 goals in two seasons at Hartlepool United. He spent two months with Macclesfield Town in 1997 and only made 8 appearances. <mask> joined Rushden & Diamonds in December 1997 on a non-contract basis. <mask> moved to Hednesford Town after two years with the club. <mask> was named the Supporters' Player of the Year at Forest Green Rovers. He joined Tamworth as a player in May 2002. <mask> moved up to manager after the departure of Darron Gee in the 2004–05 season.<mask> managed to get Tamworth into the third round of the FA Cup in two consecutive seasons. The first time they played at the Britannia Stadium, they were able to force a replay at their own ground, where the game was decided on penalties. They played against Norwich City and lost. Their cup exploits did not match their league form. The 2005–06 season saw Tamworth finish second-bottom of the Conference, and only survive when Canvey Island left the league. He left the club on January 24, 2007, with the club bottom of the Conference table. <mask> was appointed manager of Kettering Town.He won the Conference North title with a 17 point margin. In the 2008–09 season, he guided Kettering to the FA Cup fourth round, a record for the furthest the club have been in the competition. He guided the Poppies to eight place in the Conference National and a successful return to that division. <mask> agreed in principle to a three-and-a-half-year contract to become the next manager of Peterborough United after days of speculation. He was promoted to manager the next day. He left Kettering second in the table. The Poppies were in the Second Round of the FA Cup, and were given a dream tie against Leeds United.<mask> had tears running down his cheeks as he was applauded off the pitch by the Kettering Town faithful after his side won 2–0 at Cambridge United. He made his first signing as manager on November 25th. <mask>'s first game in charge was a 2–1 home win againstWatford. They recovered from a 0–4 home deficit to claim a 4–4 draw. <mask> was sacked 13 games into his tenure and only won 1 game. <mask> signed a two-year contract to manage Darlington. In October, Raj Singh turned down official approaches from Lincoln City and York City.The 2010–11 season was a success for <mask>. After a rocky start to the season the team recovered, going on a run of only one defeat in 20 league and cup matches from January 2011. The FA Cup and FA Trophy Final were both won by Darlington under <mask>'s guidance. The chairman described recent results as closer to the bottom of the table than the top. <mask> withdrew from the role of manager of Kettering Town after only one match because of the club's off-field issues. Andy Sinton was sacked as manager of AFC Telford United on January 31, 2013. He was an assistant to Kevin MacDonald after just five games in charge.After taking over as assistant manager from MacDonald, he was appointed manager of Swindon Town. In his first season in charge, he led the club to an 8th place finish in the Football League One and then qualified for the League One play-offs the following season. After leading the club out in the League One play-off final at Wembley Stadium, he was denied promotion. After the play-off final defeat, he sold Ben and Massimo to Queens Park Rangers. On 17 October 2015, after a 2–0 defeat to Millwall, it was announced that he had parted company with Swindon Town. <mask> was appointed manager of Notts County on March 20, 2016 on a short-term contract until the end of the season. If a points target was met, it would bring a permanent deal.<mask> left Forest Green Rovers after they reached the 2016 National League play-off Final, although Scott Bartlett took charge for the final at Wembley. <mask> was accused of provoking Ross Embleton with a comment about the passing of Justin Edinburgh. The Football Association decided not to investigate the matter further after <mask> denied the allegations. <mask> oversaw a historic promotion to the Football League after five years at the club. <mask> was appointed as manager of Barrow after weeks of speculation, signing a three-year deal with the club. <mask> was given an eight-game touchline ban for comments he allegedly made to a female assistant referee which included a reference to gender. <mask> was the son of a former England full-back.<mask>'s son, Charlie, plays for Wealdstone. There are links to External links in managerial statistics. The players are from Exeter City F.C. The players are from Southend United F.C. The players are from the city. The players are from F.C. There are players at the A.F.C.The players of the club. The players are from Hartlepool United F.C. The players are from Macclesfield Town. The players are from Orient F.C. Rushden and Diamonds F.C. are players. The players are from Telford United F.C. The players are from Hednesford Town.The players are from Forest Green. The players are from Tamworth F.C. The players are from Hinckley United F.C. The players are from Kettering Town F.C. Football managers and players from the English Football League. The managers of Kettering Town. The managers are from Peterborough United F.C.F.C. managers Town F.C. managers. The managers of the county. Forest Green Rovers F.C. is managed by managers. Managers Barrow A.F.C. Managers of the English Football League and the National League. The staff is not playing.

59598229

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendrik%20Streeck

Hendrik Streeck

Hendrik Streeck (born 7 August 1977 in Göttingen) is a German researcher of human immunodeficiency virus, epidemiologist and clinical trialist. He is professor of virology and the director of the Institute of Virology and HIV Research at the University Bonn. Early life and education Streeck studied medicine at the Charite University, Berlin. After his graduation he started to work as a postdoctoral fellow at the Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard Medical School and obtained his PhD from the University of Bonn, and part-time at the Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School. Career In 2009 Streeck was promoted to Instructor in Medicine and in 2011 to Assistant Professor at Harvard Medical School. In September 2012 he was recruited to the United States Military HIV Research Program, Bethesda, where he became the Chief of the Cellular Immunology Section as well as assistant professor at the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences and adjunct faculty of the Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University. In 2015 he became the chair for Medical Biology at the University Duisburg-Essen and founded the Institute for HIV Research in the same year, though he still maintains the status of "visiting scientist" with the US Military HIV Research Program. In 2018, Streeck was appointed to the advisory board of the German AIDS Foundation (Deutsche AIDS Stiftung). In April 2020, he was appointed by Minister-President Armin Laschet of North Rhine-Westphalia to a 12-member expert group to advise on economic and social consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. HIV research Under Streek's direction the Institute for HIV Research works on several prevention methods against HIV including the development and feasibility of HIV vaccines as well as pre-exposure prophylaxis. A particular focus for HIV vaccine development is to understand how T follicular helper (Tfh) cells can drive protective antibody responses during the germinal center reaction. Further research areas of the institute include understanding why some co-morbidities, such as cancer or cardiovascular diseases, are more prone to develop in chronic HIV infection and whether strategies can be developed to suppress HIV viral loads in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. Some of these studies are being performed in Maputo, Mozambique, where he leads a PhD sandwich program with the Instituto Nacionale de Saude to train and retain young physician scientists. Sexually transmitted infections research Streeck actively investigates the epidemiology, novel prevention and treatment options of other sexually transmitted infections. Currently, he conducts the largest systematic study for sexually transmitted infections in Germany, which seeks to understand who is becoming infected with which sexually transmitted infection. In January 2019 the study was expanded to other European countries including France, Italy, Spain, Poland and Hungary under the name STIPnet study. In parallel, a European network to prevent human immunodeficiency virus and sexually transmitted infections will be established He has been nominated as the co-chair of International AIDS conference IAS 2021 in Berlin. Coronavirus research In early April 2020, Streeck and his team reported with reference to their COVID-19 Case-Cluster-Study that they had "carried out an intensive search of the home of a family infected with the coronavirus but found no trace of it on surfaces." Streeck is accused by parts of the German media landscape of having presumably contributed to the poor course of the pandemic in Germany from October 2020 onwards through several misleading and false claims and conclusions that quickly gained traction in the German public. Private life Streeck lives with his husband Paul Zubeil in Bonn. Zubeil has been employed as a sub-department head for European and international affairs at the Federal Ministry of Health in Bonn since February 2021. Awards 2015 – 15 HIV Advocates to Watch in 2015 2014 – People Magazine “Sexiest Scientist” 2014 2011 – Young Investigator Award, Collaborative AIDS Vaccine Discovery Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation 2010 – Young Investigator Award, 17th CROI, San Francisco, CA 2009 – Biennial German AIDS Award 2009 – New Investigator Award, AIDS Vaccine Conference, Paris 2009 – New Investigator Award, 16th CROI, Montreal, Canada 2008 – Young Investigator Award, World AIDS Conference, Mexico City 2008 – New Investigator Award, AIDS Vaccine Conference, Cape Town 2008 – NIH Scholarship 2008, HIV-Vaccine, Keystone, Banff 2008 – Young Investigator Award, 15th CROI, Boston, MA 2007 – Young Investigator Award, 14th CROI, Los Angeles, CA 2006 – Young Investigator Award, 13th CROI, Denver, CO 2006 – Young Investigator Award, World AIDS Conference, Toronto 2005 – Young Investigator Award, HIV-Pathogenesis, Keystone, Banff Associations American Society for Microbiology American Association of Immunologists German Association of University Professors (Deutscher Hochschulverband) Works Books/Chapters H. Streeck, G. Alter: "Immune Responses to Viral Infections." In: D. D. Richman, J. Whitley, F. G. Hayden: Clinical virology. 4. edition. ASM Press, 2016, H. Streeck: Bug Attack (The Adventures of Damien the CD4 Cell & his Friends).Band 1, . (A children's book for age 3–6 years, English) Publications (selection) B. T. Schultz, A. F. Oster, F. Pissani, J. E. Teigler, G. Kranias, G. Alter, M. Marovich, M. A. Eller, U. Dittmer, M. L. Robb, J. H. Kim, N. L. Michael, D. Bolton, H. Streeck: "Circulating HIV-Specific Interleukin-21+CD4+ T Cells Represent Peripheral Tfh Cells with Antigen-Dependent Helper Functions." In: Immunity. 2016. F. Pissani, H. Streeck: "Emerging concepts on T follicular helper cell dynamics in HIV infection" In: Trends in Immunology. 35(6), Jun 2014, S. 278–286. S. Ranasinghe, S. Cutler, I. Davis, R. Lu, D. Z. Soghoian, Y. Qi, J. Sidney, G. Kranias, M. D. Flanders, M. Lindqvist, B. Kuhl, G. Alter, S. G. Deeks, B. D. Walker, X. Gao, A. Sette, M. Carrington, H. Streeck: "Association of HLA-DRB1-restricted CD4⁺T cell responses with HIV immune control." In: Nature Medicine . 19(7), Jul 2013, S. 930–933. M. Lindqvist, J. van Lunzen, D. Z. Soghoian, B. D. Kuhl, S. Ranasinghe, G. Kranias, M. D. Flanders, S. Cutler, N. Yudanin, M. I. Muller, I. Davis, D. Farber, P. Hartjen, F. Haag, G. Alter, J. Schulze zur Wiesch, H. Streeck: "Expansion of HIV-specific T follicular helper cells in chronic HIV infection" In: Journal of Clinical Investigation. 122(9), 4. Sep 2012, S. 3271–3280. M. F. Chevalier, B. Jülg, A. Pyo, M. Flanders, S. Ranasinghe, D. Z. Soghoian, D. S. Kwon, J. Rychert, J. Lian, M. I. Muller, S. Cutler, E. McAndrew, H. Jessen, F. Pereyra, E. S. Rosenberg, M. Altfeld, B. D. Walker, H. Streeck: "HIV-1-specific interleukin-21+ CD4+ T cell responses contribute to durable viral control through the modulation of HIV-specific CD8+ T cell function." In: Journal of Virology. 85(2), Jan 2011, S. 733–741. H. Streeck, B. Li, A. F. Poon, A. Schneidewind, A. D. Gladden, K. A. Power, D. Daskalakis, S. Bazner, R. Zuniga, C. Brander, E. S. Rosenberg, S. D. Frost, M. Altfeld, T. M. Allen: "Immune-driven recombination and loss of control after HIV superinfection" In: Journal of Experimental Medicine. 205(8), 4. Aug 2008, S. 1789–1796. References 1977 births Living people HIV/AIDS researchers German epidemiologists German virologists LGBT scientists from Germany Physicians from Göttingen University of Duisburg-Essen faculty University of Bonn alumni COVID-19 pandemic in Germany Celebrity doctors

<mask> (born 7 August 1977 in Göttingen) is a German researcher of human immunodeficiency virus, epidemiologist and clinical trialist. He is professor of virology and the director of the Institute of Virology and HIV Research at the University Bonn. Early life and education Streeck studied medicine at the Charite University, Berlin. After his graduation he started to work as a postdoctoral fellow at the Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard Medical School and obtained his PhD from the University of Bonn, and part-time at the Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School. Career In 2009 Streeck was promoted to Instructor in Medicine and in 2011 to Assistant Professor at Harvard Medical School. In September 2012 he was recruited to the United States Military HIV Research Program, Bethesda, where he became the Chief of the Cellular Immunology Section as well as assistant professor at the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences and adjunct faculty of the Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University. In 2015 he became the chair for Medical Biology at the University Duisburg-Essen and founded the Institute for HIV Research in the same year, though he still maintains the status of "visiting scientist" with the US Military HIV Research Program.In 2018, <mask> was appointed to the advisory board of the German AIDS Foundation (Deutsche AIDS Stiftung). In April 2020, he was appointed by Minister-President Armin Laschet of North Rhine-Westphalia to a 12-member expert group to advise on economic and social consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. HIV research Under Streek's direction the Institute for HIV Research works on several prevention methods against HIV including the development and feasibility of HIV vaccines as well as pre-exposure prophylaxis. A particular focus for HIV vaccine development is to understand how T follicular helper (Tfh) cells can drive protective antibody responses during the germinal center reaction. Further research areas of the institute include understanding why some co-morbidities, such as cancer or cardiovascular diseases, are more prone to develop in chronic HIV infection and whether strategies can be developed to suppress HIV viral loads in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. Some of these studies are being performed in Maputo, Mozambique, where he leads a PhD sandwich program with the Instituto Nacionale de Saude to train and retain young physician scientists. Sexually transmitted infections research Streeck actively investigates the epidemiology, novel prevention and treatment options of other sexually transmitted infections.Currently, he conducts the largest systematic study for sexually transmitted infections in Germany, which seeks to understand who is becoming infected with which sexually transmitted infection. In January 2019 the study was expanded to other European countries including France, Italy, Spain, Poland and Hungary under the name STIPnet study. In parallel, a European network to prevent human immunodeficiency virus and sexually transmitted infections will be established He has been nominated as the co-chair of International AIDS conference IAS 2021 in Berlin. Coronavirus research In early April 2020, <mask> and his team reported with reference to their COVID-19 Case-Cluster-Study that they had "carried out an intensive search of the home of a family infected with the coronavirus but found no trace of it on surfaces." Streeck is accused by parts of the German media landscape of having presumably contributed to the poor course of the pandemic in Germany from October 2020 onwards through several misleading and false claims and conclusions that quickly gained traction in the German public. Private life Streeck lives with his husband Paul Zubeil in Bonn. Zubeil has been employed as a sub-department head for European and international affairs at the Federal Ministry of Health in Bonn since February 2021.Awards 2015 – 15 HIV Advocates to Watch in 2015 2014 – People Magazine “Sexiest Scientist” 2014 2011 – Young Investigator Award, Collaborative AIDS Vaccine Discovery Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation 2010 – Young Investigator Award, 17th CROI, San Francisco, CA 2009 – Biennial German AIDS Award 2009 – New Investigator Award, AIDS Vaccine Conference, Paris 2009 – New Investigator Award, 16th CROI, Montreal, Canada 2008 – Young Investigator Award, World AIDS Conference, Mexico City 2008 – New Investigator Award, AIDS Vaccine Conference, Cape Town 2008 – NIH Scholarship 2008, HIV-Vaccine, Keystone, Banff 2008 – Young Investigator Award, 15th CROI, Boston, MA 2007 – Young Investigator Award, 14th CROI, Los Angeles, CA 2006 – Young Investigator Award, 13th CROI, Denver, CO 2006 – Young Investigator Award, World AIDS Conference, Toronto 2005 – Young Investigator Award, HIV-Pathogenesis, Keystone, Banff Associations American Society for Microbiology American Association of Immunologists German Association of University Professors (Deutscher Hochschulverband) Works Books/Chapters H. Streeck, G. Alter: "Immune Responses to Viral Infections." In: D. D. Richman, J. Whitley, F. G. Hayden: Clinical virology. 4. edition. ASM Press, 2016, H. Streeck: Bug Attack (The Adventures of Damien the CD4 Cell & his Friends).Band 1, . (A children's book for age 3–6 years, English) Publications (selection) B. T. Schultz, A. F. Oster, F. Pissani, J. E. Teigler, G. Kranias, G. Alter, M. Marovich, M. A. Eller, U. Dittmer, M. L. Robb, J. H. Kim, N. L. Michael, D. Bolton, H. Streeck: "Circulating HIV-Specific Interleukin-21+CD4+ T Cells Represent Peripheral Tfh Cells with Antigen-Dependent Helper Functions." In: Immunity. 2016.F. Pissani, H<mask>: "Emerging concepts on T follicular helper cell dynamics in HIV infection" In: Trends in Immunology. 35(6), Jun 2014, S. 278–286. S. Ranasinghe, S. Cutler, I. Davis, R. Lu, D. Z. Soghoian, Y. Qi, J. Sidney, G. Kranias, M. D. Flanders, M. Lindqvist, B. Kuhl, G. Alter, S. G. Deeks, B. D. Walker, X. Gao, A. Sette, M. Carrington, H<mask>: "Association of HLA-DRB1-restricted CD4⁺T cell responses with HIV immune control." In: Nature Medicine . 19(7), Jul 2013, S. 930–933. M. Lindqvist, J. van Lunzen, D. Z. Soghoian, B. D. Kuhl, S. Ranasinghe, G. Kranias, M. D. Flanders, S. Cutler, N. Yudanin, M. I. Muller, I. Davis, D. Farber, P. Hartjen, F. Haag, G. Alter, J. Schulze zur Wiesch, H<mask>: "Expansion of HIV-specific T follicular helper cells in chronic HIV infection" In: Journal of Clinical Investigation. 122(9), 4.Sep 2012, S. 3271–3280. M. F. Chevalier, B. Jülg, A. Pyo, M. Flanders, S. Ranasinghe, D. Z. Soghoian, D. S. Kwon, J. Rychert, J. Lian, M. I. Muller, S. Cutler, E. McAndrew, H. Jessen, F. Pereyra, E. S. Rosenberg, M. Altfeld, B. D. Walker, H. Streeck: "HIV-1-specific interleukin-21+ CD4+ T cell responses contribute to durable viral control through the modulation of HIV-specific CD8+ T cell function." In: Journal of Virology. 85(2), Jan 2011, S. 733–741. H<mask>, B. Li, A. F. Poon, A. Schneidewind, A. D. Gladden, K. A. Power, D. Daskalakis, S. Bazner, R. Zuniga, C. Brander, E. S. Rosenberg, S. D. Frost, M. Altfeld, T. M. Allen: "Immune-driven recombination and loss of control after HIV superinfection" In: Journal of Experimental Medicine. 205(8), 4.Aug 2008, S. 1789–1796. References 1977 births Living people HIV/AIDS researchers German epidemiologists German virologists LGBT scientists from Germany Physicians from Göttingen University of Duisburg-Essen faculty University of Bonn alumni COVID-19 pandemic in Germany Celebrity doctors

He is a German researcher of human immunodeficiency virus, epidemiologist and clinical trialist. He is the director of the Institute of Virology and HIV Research at the University Bonn. Streeck studied medicine at the Charite University. He obtained his PhD from the University of Bonn after working at the Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and the Harvard Medical School. Streeck was promoted to Instructor in Medicine in 2009, and to Assistant Professor at Harvard Medical School in 2011. He became the Chief of the Cellular Immunology Section at the United States Military HIV Research Program in September of 2012 and was also an assistant professor at the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences. He established the Institute for HIV Research at the University Duisburg-Essen in 2015, but still maintains his status as a visiting scientist with the US Military HIV Research Program.<mask> was appointed to the advisory board of the German AIDS Foundation. In April 2020, he was appointed by the Minister- President of North Rhine-Westphalia to a 12-member expert group to advise on the economic and social consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Institute for HIV Research is under Streek's direction and works on several prevention methods against HIV including the development and feasibility of HIV vaccines. The goal of HIV vaccine development is to understand how T follicular helper cells can drive protective antibody responses during the germinal center reaction. Understanding why some co-morbidities, such as cancer or cardiovascular diseases, are more prone to develop in chronic HIV infections is one of the research areas of the institute. He leads a program to train and retain young physician scientists in Mozambique, where some of these studies are being performed. Streeck investigates the epidemiology, novel prevention and treatment options of sexually transmitted infections.The largest systematic study for sexually transmitted infections in Germany is conducted by him. France, Italy, Spain, Poland and Hungary were added to the study in January of 2019. There will be a European network to prevent human immunodeficiency virus and sexually transmitted infections. <mask> and his team reported in April 2020 that they had searched the home of a family that had been exposed to the coronaviruses but found no trace of it. <mask> is accused by parts of the German media landscape of having contributed to the poor course of the pandemic in Germany from October 2020 onwards through several misleading and false claims and conclusions that quickly gained traction in the German public. <mask> lives with his husband in Bonn. There is a sub-department head for European and international affairs at the Federal Ministry of Health in Bonn.The Young Investigator Award, the Collaborative AIDS Vaccine Discovery Bill, and the German AIDS Award are some of the awards. In: D. D. Richman. There is a 4 edition. H. Streeck: Bug Attack is a book by the author of The CD4 Cell and his Friends. There is a children's book for age 3–6 years. In: immunity. A year ago.In: Trends in Immunology, F. Pissani and H<mask> wrote "Emerging concepts on T follicular helpers cell dynamics in HIV infection." In June of last year, S. 278–289. I. Davis, R. Lu, D. Z. Soghoian, J. Sidney, G. Kranias, M. D. Flanders, M. Lindqvist, B. Kuhl, G. Alter, S Nature Medicine. S. 930–933 was published in 19(7). M. Lindqvist, J. van Lunzen, D. Z. Soghoian, B. D. It was 122(9), 4.The year ended in Sep 2012, S. 3271–3280. M. F. Chevalier, B. Jlg, A. Pyo, M. Flanders, S. In: journal of infectious diseases S. 733–741 was published in 85(2), Jan 2011. H<mask>, B. Li, A. F. Poon, A. D. Gladden, K. A. D. Daskalakis, S. Bazner, R. Zuniga, C. Brander, E. S. Rosenberg, S. D. Frost, M. Altfeld, T. M. Allen: "Immune-driven recombination and loss of control after HIV super." 205(7), 4.In August 2008, S. 1789–1796. References 1977 births Living people HIV/AIDS researchers German epidemiologists LGBT scientists from Germany Physicians from Gttingen University of Duisburg-Essen faculty University of Bonn alumni

10286635

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monica%20Goodling

Monica Goodling

Monica Marie Goodling (born August 6, 1973) is a former United States government lawyer and Republican political appointee in the George W. Bush administration who is best known for her role in the Dismissal of U.S. Attorneys Controversy in 2006. She was the principal deputy director of public affairs for the United States Department of Justice, serving under Attorneys General John Ashcroft and Alberto Gonzales. A Department of Justice investigation concluded that she had violated the law, but she was not prosecuted because she had been granted immunity in exchange for her testimony. The Virginia State Bar publicly reprimanded Goodling in May 2011 for having "improperly utilized political affiliation and other political considerations when making hiring decisions for career positions." Education Goodling is a 1991 graduate of Northeastern High School in Manchester, Pennsylvania, and received her Bachelor of Arts degree in 1995 from Messiah College. After completing her bachelor's degree, Goodling started her legal education at American University. Deeply religious and politically conservative, she later transferred to Pat Robertson's Regent University School of Law, where she received her Juris Doctor degree in 1999. Political and legal career Goodling worked with Tim Griffin as an opposition researcher for the Republican National Committee during the 2000 presidential campaign. She joined the Department of Justice's press office after George W. Bush became president. She moved to the department's executive office, which is responsible for budgeting, management, personnel management and evaluation, later becoming deputy director of the executive office. Goodling was hired by U.S. Attorney Mary Beth Buchanan to work in the executive office. Less than a year later, Goodling moved again, to the Attorney General’s office, working as the White House liaison. According to David Ayres, senior chief of staff to Attorney General John Ashcroft, "She was the embodiment of a hardworking young conservative who believed strongly in the president and his mission". According to Bud Cummins, one of the fired prosecutors and an Arkansas Republican, "She was inexperienced, way too naïve and a little overzealous". After moving to the Attorney General's office, she retained some authority over personnel matters. Goodling's authority over hiring expanded significantly in March 2006, when Gonzales signed an unpublished order delegating to Goodling and Kyle Sampson, his then chief of staff, the power to appoint or dismiss all department political appointees besides United States Attorneys, who are appointed by the President. The delegation included authority over interim United States attorneys (who are appointed by the Attorney General) and heads of the divisions that handle civil rights, public corruption, environmental crimes and other matters. U.S. attorneys controversy According to e-mails, Goodling was involved in planning controversial 2006 U.S. attorney dismissals and in later efforts to limit the negative public reaction. Goodling "warned of potential political problems with Timothy Griffin's interim appointment as U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of Arkansas and underscored White House interest in getting it done." Reportedly, Goodling "took a leading role" in Bud Cummins's dismissal. Resignation On March 23, 2007, she took an indefinite leave of absence. On March 26, 2007, Goodling cancelled her upcoming appearance at a Congressional hearing, citing her Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination. No Department of Justice employee has ever exercised his or her Fifth Amendment rights with respect to official conduct and remained an employee. On April 6, 2007, Goodling announced her resignation from the Department of Justice, writing to Gonzales, "May God bless you richly as you continue your service to America." Limited immunity to testify On April 25, 2007, the House Judiciary Committee voted 32-6 to grant Goodling immunity, (meeting the required two-thirds majority requirement) and immediately authorized a subpoena. In early May 2007, the Department of Justice's Office of Professional Responsibility investigated whether Goodling violated federal law in making "hiring decisions on assistant U.S. attorneys based on party affiliation." Initially, commentators speculated that Justice Department officials could try to bar Goodling's testimony to the House Committee, on the grounds that it might interfere with an ongoing criminal investigation. However, the Justice Department subsequently agreed not to contest the congressional grant of immunity. On May 11, 2007, U.S. District Court Chief Judge Thomas Hogan signed an order granting Goodling immunity in exchange for her truthful testimony for the investigation of the firings, stating that "Goodling may not refuse to testify, and may not refuse to provide other information, when compelled to do so" before the Committee. House Judiciary committee hearing Goodling appeared before the House Judiciary Committee, on May 23, 2007, under a limited immunity agreement, and provided to the committee a written statement that she read at the start of her testimony. In response to questions during the hearing, Goodling stated that she "crossed the line" and broke civil service rules about hiring, and improperly weighed political factors in considering applicants for career positions at the Department of Justice. Link to Washington Post transcript of the hearing. Investigation of Goodling's hiring practices On May 3, 2007, the Washington Post reported that the United States Department of Justice Office of the Inspector General launched an internal probe into whether Goodling "illegally took party affiliation into account in hiring career federal prosecutors" in her work at the Department. On May 12, the New York Times published an article about Goodling repeatedly engaging in "prohibited personnel practices" while at the Justice Department. "You have a Monica problem" several Justice Department officials told Robin C. Ashton, a criminal prosecutor at the Department of Justice. "She believes you're a Democrat and doesn't feel you can be trusted." Ashton was denied a promotion during Goodling's tenure, but in the Obama administration, Attorney General Eric Holder determined that she was qualified and appointed her as Counsel for Professional Responsibility, the head of the Justice Department's internal ethics unit. One week after Goodling's testimony before the House, the Department's Office of the Inspector General and Counsel for the Office of Professional Responsibility confirmed in a letter to the Senate Judiciary Committee, that they were expanding their investigation beyond "the removals of United States Attorneys" to also include "DOJ hiring and personnel decisions" by Goodling and other Justice Department employees. On July 28, 2008, a Justice Department report concluded that Goodling had violated federal law and Justice Department policy by discriminating against job applicants who weren't Republican or conservative loyalists. "Goodling improperly subjected candidates for certain career positions to the same politically based evaluation she used on candidates for political positions," the report concluded. In one instance, Justice investigators found, Goodling initially objected to hiring an assistant prosecutor in Washington because "judging from his resume, he appeared to be a liberal Democrat type." In another, she rejected an experienced terrorism prosecutor to work on counterterrorism issues at a Justice Department headquarters office "because of his wife's political affiliations." Role in other DOJ controversies On May 7, 2007, National Journal'''s "Inside Washington" column reported that it was Goodling who ordered drapes to be placed over the partially nude Art Deco statues (Spirit of Justice) in the Justice Department's Great Hall during Ashcroft's tenure as Attorney General. At the time, the department spent $8,000 on blue drapes to hide the two giant, aluminum statues, according to spokesman Shane Hix. The coverings were removed in 2005. On July 15, 2009, Washington Blade's "The Latest" column reported that it was Goodling who asked Michael Elston to lead a 2006 screening committee for the Justice Department Summer Internship Program. The column goes on to describe an evaluation of apparent discriminatory application process similar to the 2007 attempts to remove Department attorneys based on non-qualifying criteria. The research shows that under Goodling/Elston, 82% of applicants with liberal affiliations on their resume were rejected for the program while only 13% of applicants with conservative affiliations were rejected. Current Status Monica Goodling married Michael Krempasky, co-founder of RedState.com. She is currently employed under her married name, Monica Krempasky, at Corallo Media Strategies, a Virginia public relations firm run by former John Ashcroft spokesman Mark Corallo. Notes External links Transcript of Monica M. Goodling's May 23, 2007 testimony before the Committee on the Judiciary, United States House of Representatives Congressional Quarterly via The Washington Post,'' May 23, 2007. Goodling's donation to the 2004 election campaign of George W. Bush at Fundrace.org Washington Post article on Goodling Archived copy of Goodling's Regent University website, circa 1997 Ranking of Law Schools by US News & World Report (2007) Dept. of Justice Report (Jul 2007) in convenient format 1973 births Living people Regent University School of Law alumni Messiah University alumni Washington College of Law alumni United States Department of Justice lawyers Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy People from York County, Pennsylvania College Republicans George W. Bush administration personnel United States Department of Justice officials Virginia Republicans

<mask> (born August 6, 1973) is a former United States government lawyer and Republican political appointee in the George W. Bush administration who is best known for her role in the Dismissal of U.S. Attorneys Controversy in 2006. She was the principal deputy director of public affairs for the United States Department of Justice, serving under Attorneys General John Ashcroft and Alberto Gonzales. A Department of Justice investigation concluded that she had violated the law, but she was not prosecuted because she had been granted immunity in exchange for her testimony. The Virginia State Bar publicly reprimanded Goodling in May 2011 for having "improperly utilized political affiliation and other political considerations when making hiring decisions for career positions." Education <mask> is a 1991 graduate of Northeastern High School in Manchester, Pennsylvania, and received her Bachelor of Arts degree in 1995 from Messiah College. After completing her bachelor's degree, Goodling started her legal education at American University.Deeply religious and politically conservative, she later transferred to Pat Robertson's Regent University School of Law, where she received her Juris Doctor degree in 1999. Political and legal career Goodling worked with Tim Griffin as an opposition researcher for the Republican National Committee during the 2000 presidential campaign. She joined the Department of Justice's press office after George W. Bush became president. She moved to the department's executive office, which is responsible for budgeting, management, personnel management and evaluation, later becoming deputy director of the executive office. Goodling was hired by U.S. Attorney Mary Beth Buchanan to work in the executive office. Less than a year later, Goodling moved again, to the Attorney General’s office, working as the White House liaison. According to David Ayres, senior chief of staff to Attorney General John Ashcroft, "She was the embodiment of a hardworking young conservative who believed strongly in the president and his mission".According to Bud Cummins, one of the fired prosecutors and an Arkansas Republican, "She was inexperienced, way too naïve and a little overzealous". After moving to the Attorney General's office, she retained some authority over personnel matters. Goodling's authority over hiring expanded significantly in March 2006, when Gonzales signed an unpublished order delegating to <mask> and Kyle Sampson, his then chief of staff, the power to appoint or dismiss all department political appointees besides United States Attorneys, who are appointed by the President. The delegation included authority over interim United States attorneys (who are appointed by the Attorney General) and heads of the divisions that handle civil rights, public corruption, environmental crimes and other matters. U.S. attorneys controversy According to e-mails, <mask> was involved in planning controversial 2006 U.S. attorney dismissals and in later efforts to limit the negative public reaction. <mask> "warned of potential political problems with Timothy Griffin's interim appointment as U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of Arkansas and underscored White House interest in getting it done." Reportedly, <mask> "took a leading role" in Bud Cummins's dismissal.Resignation On March 23, 2007, she took an indefinite leave of absence. On March 26, 2007, <mask> cancelled her upcoming appearance at a Congressional hearing, citing her Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination. No Department of Justice employee has ever exercised his or her Fifth Amendment rights with respect to official conduct and remained an employee. On April 6, 2007, <mask> announced her resignation from the Department of Justice, writing to Gonzales, "May God bless you richly as you continue your service to America." Limited immunity to testify On April 25, 2007, the House Judiciary Committee voted 32-6 to grant Goodling immunity, (meeting the required two-thirds majority requirement) and immediately authorized a subpoena. In early May 2007, the Department of Justice's Office of Professional Responsibility investigated whether Goodling violated federal law in making "hiring decisions on assistant U.S. attorneys based on party affiliation." Initially, commentators speculated that Justice Department officials could try to bar <mask>'s testimony to the House Committee, on the grounds that it might interfere with an ongoing criminal investigation.However, the Justice Department subsequently agreed not to contest the congressional grant of immunity. On May 11, 2007, U.S. District Court Chief Judge Thomas Hogan signed an order granting Goodling immunity in exchange for her truthful testimony for the investigation of the firings, stating that "Goodling may not refuse to testify, and may not refuse to provide other information, when compelled to do so" before the Committee. House Judiciary committee hearing Goodling appeared before the House Judiciary Committee, on May 23, 2007, under a limited immunity agreement, and provided to the committee a written statement that she read at the start of her testimony. In response to questions during the hearing, <mask> stated that she "crossed the line" and broke civil service rules about hiring, and improperly weighed political factors in considering applicants for career positions at the Department of Justice. Link to Washington Post transcript of the hearing. Investigation of Goodling's hiring practices On May 3, 2007, the Washington Post reported that the United States Department of Justice Office of the Inspector General launched an internal probe into whether Goodling "illegally took party affiliation into account in hiring career federal prosecutors" in her work at the Department. On May 12, the New York Times published an article about Goodling repeatedly engaging in "prohibited personnel practices" while at the Justice Department."You have a <mask> problem" several Justice Department officials told Robin C. Ashton, a criminal prosecutor at the Department of Justice. "She believes you're a Democrat and doesn't feel you can be trusted." Ashton was denied a promotion during <mask>'s tenure, but in the Obama administration, Attorney General Eric Holder determined that she was qualified and appointed her as Counsel for Professional Responsibility, the head of the Justice Department's internal ethics unit. One week after <mask>'s testimony before the House, the Department's Office of the Inspector General and Counsel for the Office of Professional Responsibility confirmed in a letter to the Senate Judiciary Committee, that they were expanding their investigation beyond "the removals of United States Attorneys" to also include "DOJ hiring and personnel decisions" by <mask> and other Justice Department employees. On July 28, 2008, a Justice Department report concluded that Goodling had violated federal law and Justice Department policy by discriminating against job applicants who weren't Republican or conservative loyalists. "Goodling improperly subjected candidates for certain career positions to the same politically based evaluation she used on candidates for political positions," the report concluded. In one instance, Justice investigators found, <mask> initially objected to hiring an assistant prosecutor in Washington because "judging from his resume, he appeared to be a liberal Democrat type."In another, she rejected an experienced terrorism prosecutor to work on counterterrorism issues at a Justice Department headquarters office "because of his wife's political affiliations." Role in other DOJ controversies On May 7, 2007, National Journal'''s "Inside Washington" column reported that it was Goodling who ordered drapes to be placed over the partially nude Art Deco statues (Spirit of Justice) in the Justice Department's Great Hall during Ashcroft's tenure as Attorney General. At the time, the department spent $8,000 on blue drapes to hide the two giant, aluminum statues, according to spokesman Shane Hix. The coverings were removed in 2005. On July 15, 2009, Washington Blade's "The Latest" column reported that it was <mask> who asked Michael Elston to lead a 2006 screening committee for the Justice Department Summer Internship Program. The column goes on to describe an evaluation of apparent discriminatory application process similar to the 2007 attempts to remove Department attorneys based on non-qualifying criteria. The research shows that under <mask>/Elston, 82% of applicants with liberal affiliations on their resume were rejected for the program while only 13% of applicants with conservative affiliations were rejected.Current Status <mask> married Michael Krempasky, co-founder of RedState.com. She is currently employed under her married name, <mask>, at Corallo Media Strategies, a Virginia public relations firm run by former John Ashcroft spokesman Mark Corallo. Notes External links Transcript of <mask><mask>'s May 23, 2007 testimony before the Committee on the Judiciary, United States House of Representatives Congressional Quarterly via The Washington Post,'' May 23, 2007. <mask>'s donation to the 2004 election campaign of George W. Bush at Fundrace.org Washington Post article on <mask> Archived copy of <mask>'s Regent University website, circa 1997 Ranking of Law Schools by US News & World Report (2007) Dept. of Justice Report (Jul 2007) in convenient format 1973 births Living people Regent University School of Law alumni Messiah University alumni Washington College of Law alumni United States Department of Justice lawyers Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy People from York County, Pennsylvania College Republicans George W. Bush administration personnel United States Department of Justice officials Virginia Republicans

<mask> is best known for her role in the dismissal of the U.S. government. Attorneys controversy in 2006 She was the principal deputy director of public affairs for the United States Department of Justice. She was not prosecuted for violating the law because she was granted immunity in exchange for her testimony. <mask> was reprimanded by the Virginia State Bar in May of 2011. <mask> received her Bachelor of Arts degree from Messiah College in 1995 after graduating from Northeastern High School. <mask> started her legal education at American University after completing her bachelor's degree.She received her Juris Doctor degree from Pat Robertson's Regent University School of Law in 1999. Goodling was an opposition researcher for the Republican National Committee during the 2000 presidential campaign. After George W. Bush became president, she joined the Department of Justice's press office. She became the deputy director of the executive office after moving to it from the department's executive office. Mary Beth Buchanan hired <mask> to work in her office. Goodling moved back to the Attorney General's office less than a year later. She was the embodiment of a young conservative who believed in the president and his mission, according to David Ayres, senior chief of staff to Attorney General John Ashcroft.Bud Cummins, one of the fired prosecutors and an Arkansas Republican, said that she was inexperienced and a little overzealous. She had authority over personnel matters after moving to the Attorney General's office. The power to appoint or dismiss all department political appointees besides United States Attorneys, who are appointed by the President, was given to <mask> and Kyle Sampson, his then chief of staff, by an unpublished order signed in March 2006 by Gonzales. Interim United States attorneys, who are appointed by the Attorney General, and heads of the divisions that handle civil rights, public corruption, environmental crimes and other matters were included in the delegation. According to e-mails, <mask> was involved in planning controversial 2006 U.S. attorney dismissals and later efforts to limit the negative public reaction. <mask> "warned of potential political problems with Timothy Griffin's interim appointment as U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of Arkansas and underscored White House interest in getting it done." <mask> is said to have played a leading role in Bud Cummins's dismissal.On March 23, 2007, she resigned. <mask> cited her Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination when she canceled her appearance at the Congressional hearing. No Department of Justice employee has ever exercised their Fifth Amendment rights and remained an employee. On April 6, 2007, <mask> announced her resignation from the Department of Justice, writing "May God bless you richly as you continue your service to America." <mask> was granted limited immunity to testify by the House Judiciary Committee. In May 2007, the Department of Justice's Office of Professional Responsibility investigated whether <mask> violated federal law by making hiring decisions on assistant U.S. attorneys based on party affiliation. Commentators speculated that Justice Department officials could try to bar <mask>'s testimony to the House Committee on the grounds that it might interfere with an ongoing criminal investigation.The Justice Department did not contest the congressional grant of immunity. Goodling was granted immunity in exchange for her testimony in the investigation of the firings. On May 23, 2007, Goodling appeared before the House Judiciary Committee under a limited immunity agreement and gave a written statement at the start of her testimony. In response to questions during the hearing, Goodling stated that she "crossed the line" and broke civil service rules about hiring 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 The transcript of the hearing can be found at the Washington Post. On May 3, 2007, the Washington Post reported that the United States Department of Justice Office of the Inspector General launched an internal probe into whether Goodling "illegally took party affiliation into account in hiring career federal prosecutors." The New York Times published an article about Goodling on May 12.Several Justice Department officials told Robin C. Ashton that she had a <mask> problem. She doesn't feel you can be trusted because you're a Democrat. During <mask>'s tenure, she was denied a promotion, but in the Obama administration, she was appointed as Counsel for Professional Responsibility, the head of the Justice Department's internal ethics unit. One week after <mask>'s testimony before the House, the Department's Office of the Inspector General and Counsel for the Office of Professional Responsibility confirmed in a letter to the Senate Judiciary Committee that they were expanding their investigation beyond the removal of United States Attorneys. On July 28, 2008, a Justice Department report concluded that Goodling had violated federal law and Justice Department policy by discriminating against job applicants who weren't Republican or conservative loyalists. The report concluded thatling subjected candidates for certain career positions to the same politically based evaluation she used for candidates for political positions. Justice investigators found that <mask> initially objected to hiring an assistant prosecutor in Washington because he appeared to be a liberal Democrat.She didn't want an experienced terrorism prosecutor to work on counterterrorism issues at the Justice Department headquarters office because of his wife's political affiliations. On May 7, 2007, National Journal's " Inside Washington" column reported that it was <mask> who ordered drapes to be placed over the partially nude Art Deco statues in the Justice Department's Great Hall. The department spent $8,000 on blue drapes to hide the statues. The coverings were removed. On July 15, 2009, Washington Blade reported that <mask> asked Michael Elston to lead a 2006 screening committee for the Justice Department Summer internship program. The evaluation of the apparent discriminatory application process is similar to the attempts to remove Department attorneys based on non-qualifying criteria in 2007, according to the column. The research shows that under <mask>/Elston, liberals were more likely to be rejected for the program than conservatives.<mask> married a co- founder of RedState.com. <mask> is employed by Corallo Media Strategies, a Virginia public relations firm run by former John Ashcroft spokesman Mark Corallo. The transcript of <mask><mask>'s May 23, 2007, testimony before the Committee on the Judiciary, United States House of Representatives Congressional Quarterly was published by The Washington Post. <mask> donated to the George W. Bush campaign at Fundrace.org. Regent University School of Law alumni, Messiah University alumni, Washington College of Law alumni, and George W. Bush administration personnel are included in the report.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R.%20Kelly

R. Kelly

Robert Sylvester Kelly (born January 8, 1967) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer and convicted sex offender. He has been credited with helping to redefine R&B and hip hop, earning nicknames such as "the King of R&B", "the King of Pop-Soul", and the "Pied Piper of R&B". Kelly is known for songs including "I Believe I Can Fly", "Bump N' Grind", "Your Body's Callin', "Gotham City", "Ignition (Remix)", "If I Could Turn Back the Hands of Time", "The World's Greatest", "I'm a Flirt (Remix)", and the hip hopera "Trapped in the Closet". In 1998, Kelly won three Grammy Awards for "I Believe I Can Fly". Although Kelly is primarily a singer and songwriter, he has written, produced, and remixed songs, singles, and albums for other artists. In 1996, he was nominated for a Grammy Award for writing Michael Jackson's song "You Are Not Alone". Kelly has sold over 75 million records worldwide, making him the most successful R&B male artist of the 1990s and one of the world's best-selling music artists. In 2010, Billboard magazine considered Kelly the most successful R&B artist in history and listed him as the Top R&B/Hip Hop Artist for the time period between 1985 and 2010. In 2012, he was listed as the 55th best-selling music artist in the United States, with over 32 million album sales. Since the 1990s, Kelly has been repeatedly accused of sexual abuse, often with underage girls. He has faced multiple civil suits and has been charged by criminal courts in Chicago, New York, Illinois, and Minnesota. He repeatedly denied the charges. In June 2002, he was indicted on 21 counts of making child pornography. He was acquitted six years later in 2008. In January 2019, a widely viewed Lifetime docuseries titled Surviving R. Kelly detailed allegations of sexual abuse by multiple women, allegations that Kelly continued to deny. Facing pressure from the public using the Mute R. Kelly hashtag, RCA Records dropped Kelly. In 2019, Kelly was indicted by a Cook County grand jury in Chicago on 10 counts of aggravated criminal sexual abuse in February, followed by an additional 11 counts of sexual assault and abuse filed by the same court in May. On July 11, 2019, he was arrested on federal charges alleging sex crimes, human trafficking, child pornography, racketeering, and obstruction of justice. Kelly faced a total of 22 federal criminal charges as of January 29, 2021. A federal judge ordered Kelly jailed pending trial on the charges. On September 27, 2021, a federal jury in New York found Kelly guilty on nine counts including racketeering, sexual exploitation of a child, kidnapping, bribery, sex trafficking, and a violation of the Mann Act. The judge ordered that he remain in custody pending sentencing, set for May 4, 2022. Kelly faces a second trial for producing child pornography set for August 2022. Early life Robert Sylvester Kelly was born at Chicago Lying-in Hospital in the Hyde Park neighborhood on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois, on January 8, 1967. He has three half-siblings, an older sister and brother, along with a younger brother. His mother, Joanne Kelly, was a schoolteacher and devout Baptist. She was born in Arkansas. The identity of his father, who was absent from Kelly's life, is not known. His family lived in the Ida B. Wells Homes public housing project in Chicago's Bronzeville neighborhood. Around the time he was five years old, Kelly's mother married his stepfather, Lucious, who reportedly worked for an airline. Kelly began singing in the church choir at age eight. Kelly described having a girlfriend, Lulu, at age eight, in his autobiography. He stated that their last play date turned tragic when, after fighting with older children over a play area by a creek, she was pushed into the water, swept downstream by a fast-moving current, and drowned. Kelly called Lulu his first musical inspiration. Kelly said members of his household would act differently when his mother and grandparents were not home. From age eight to 14, he was sexually abused by an older female family member. Kelly's younger brother Carey stated that he suffered from years of sexual abuse at the hands of his older sister, Theresa, who was entrusted with babysitting her siblings. Carey stated that although their older brother was spared and allowed to play outside, both he and Kelly were punished at separate times indoors by Theresa, who refused to acknowledge the abuse when confronted years later. Explaining why he never told anyone, Kelly wrote in his 2012 autobiography Soulacoaster that he was "too afraid and too ashamed". Around age 10, Kelly was also sexually abused by an older male who was a friend of the family. In his autobiography, Kelly described being shot in the shoulder, at age 11, by boys who were attempting to steal his bike, although a family friend later stated that Kelly had shot himself while attempting suicide. In September 1980, Kelly entered Kenwood Academy in Chicago's Hyde Park neighborhood, where he met music teacher Lena McLin, who encouraged Kelly to perform the Stevie Wonder classic "Ribbon in the Sky" in the high school talent show. A shy Kelly put on sunglasses, was escorted onto the stage, sang the song and won first prize. McLin encouraged Kelly to leave the high school basketball team and concentrate on music. She said he was furious at first, but after his performance in the talent show, he changed his mind.Kelly was diagnosed with the learning disability dyslexia, which left him unable to read or write. Kelly dropped out of high school after attending Kenwood Academy for one year. He began performing in the subway under the Chicago "L" tracks. He regularly busked at the "L" stop on the Red Line's Jackson station in the Loop. In his youth, Kelly played basketball with Illinois state champion basketball player Ben Wilson and later sang "It's So Hard to Say Goodbye to Yesterday" at Wilson's funeral. Career 1990–1996: Born into the 90's, 12 Play and R. Kelly MGM (Musically Gifted Men or Mentally Gifted Men) was formed in 1989 with Robert Kelly, Marc McWilliams, Vincent Walker and Shawn Brooks. In 1990, MGM recorded and released one single, "Why You Wanna Play Me"; after its release, the group disbanded. Kelly gained national recognition in 1989 when MGM participated on the talent TV show Big Break, hosted by Natalie Cole. After MGM performed “All My Love”, which would become a demo for Kelly's song “She's Got That Vibe” the group went on to win the $100,000 grand prize. In 1991, Kelly signed with Jive Records. Kelly's debut album Born into the 90's was released in early 1992 (credited as R. Kelly and Public Announcement). The album, released during the new jack swing period of the early 1990s, yielded the R&B hits "She's Got That Vibe", "Honey Love", "Dedicated", and "Slow Dance (Hey Mr. DJ)", with Kelly singing lead vocals. During late 1992, Kelly and Public Announcement embarked on a tour entitled "60653" after the zip code of their Chicago neighborhood. This would be the only album co-credited with Public Announcement. Kelly separated from the group in January 1993. Kelly's first solo album, 12 Play, was released on November 9, 1993, and yielded the singer's first number-one hit, "Bump N' Grind", which spent a record-breaking 12 weeks at number one on the Billboard Hot R&B Singles chart. Subsequent hit singles: "Your Body's Callin'" (U.S. Hot 100: #13, U.S. R&B: #2) and "Sex Me" (U.S. Hot 100: #20, U.S. R&B: #8). Both singles sold 500,000 copies in the United States and were certified Gold by the RIAA. In 1994, 12 Play was certified Gold by the RIAA, eventually going six times platinum. In 1995, Kelly garnered his first Grammy nominations; two for writing, producing and composing Michael Jackson's last number one hit "You Are Not Alone". Kelly's success continued with the November 14, 1995 release of R. Kelly, his eponymous second studio album. Critics praised him for his departure from salacious bedroom songs to embracing vulnerability. New York Times contributor Stephen Holden described Kelly as "The reigning king of pop-soul sex talks a lot tougher than Barry White, the father of such fluffed-up pillow talk and along with Marvin Gaye and Donny Hathaway, [both] major influences for Kelly." Also in December 1995, Professor Michael Eric Dyson critiqued Kelly's self-titled album "R. Kelly" for VIBE. Dyson described Kelly's growth from the 12 Play album: "Kelly reshapes his personal turmoil to artistic benefit" and noted that Kelly is "reborn before our very own ears." The album reached number one on the Billboard 200 chart, becoming Kelly's first number one album on the chart, and reached number one on the R&B album charts; his second. The R. Kelly album spawned three platinum hit singles: "You Remind Me of Something" (U.S. Hot 100: #4, U.S. R&B: #1), "I Can't Sleep Baby (If I)" (U.S. Hot 100: #5, U.S. R&B: #1), and "Down Low (Nobody Has To Know)" (U.S. Hot 100: #4, U.S. R&B: #1); a duet with Ronald Isley. Kelly's self-titled album sold four million copies, receiving 4× platinum certification from the RIAA. He promoted the album with a 50-city "Down Low Top Secret Tour" with LL Cool J, Xscape, and Solo. On November 26, 1996, Kelly released "I Believe I Can Fly", an inspirational song originally released on the soundtrack for the film Space Jam. "I Believe I Can Fly" reached No. 2 on the Billboard Hot 100, and No. 1 on the UK charts for three weeks and won three Grammy Awards in 1998. In that same year, he contributed Freak Tonight for the A Thin Line Between Love and Hate soundtrack. 1997–2001: Basketball, R., TP-2.COM, and Rockland Records In 1997, Kelly signed a contract to play professional basketball with the Atlantic City Seagulls of the USBL. He wore the number 12 in honor of his album 12 Play. Kelly said "I love basketball enough to not totally let go of my music, but just put it to the side for a minute and fulfill some dreams of mine that I've had for a long time." Kelly's USBL contract contained a clause that would allow him to fulfill a music obligation when necessary. "If Whitney Houston needs a song written", said Ken Gross, the Seagulls owner who signed Kelly, "he would be able to leave the team to do that and come back". "It wasn't a gimmick", Gross continued, "he's a ballplayer. He can play." Kelly is the first music artist to play professional basketball. In 1998, Kelly wrote and produced the debut album of another protégé Sparkle, which was released under his Rockland label and distributed through Interscope. In 2000, Sparkle went platinum due in part to the success of the first single, "Be Careful", a duet with Kelly. On November 17, 1998, Kelly released his fourth studio and first double album, R. Musically, the album spans different genres from pop (Celine Dion), street rap (Nas and Jay-Z) to Blues ("Suicide"). Dave Hoekstra of the Los Angeles Times described the album as "easily the most ambitious project of his career." As the year 2000 commenced, Kelly racked up a slew of new awards reflecting his status as an established R&B superstar. In January 2000, he had won Favorite Male Soul/R&B Artist at the American Music Awards and, in February, was nominated for several Grammy Awards, including Best Male R&B Vocal Performance ("When a Woman's Fed Up"), Best R&B Album (R.), and Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group ("Satisfy You") with P. Diddy. On November 7, 2000, Kelly released his fifth studio album, TP-2.com, a project aligned with his breakthrough album, 12 Play. Unlike R., all songs on TP-2.com were written, arranged, and produced by Kelly. AllMusic's Jason Birchmeier gave TP-2.com 4 stars and stated: "Kelly knows how to take proven formulas and funnel them through his own stylistic aesthetic, which usually means slowing down the tempo, laying on lush choruses of strings and background vocals, taming down the lyrics for radio, and catering his pitch primarily to wistful women. In 2001, Kelly won the Outstanding Achievement Award at the Music of Black Origin or MOBO Awards and Billboard magazine ranked TP-2.com number 94 on the magazine's Top 200 Albums of the Decade. Kelly's song "The World's Greatest", from the soundtrack to the 2001 Ali film, was a hit. Rockland Records In 1998 Kelly launched his own label, the Interscope Records-distributed Rockland Records. The label's roster included artists Sparkle, Boo & Gotti, Talent, Vegas Cats, Lady, Frankie, Secret Weapon, and Rebecca F. Also in 1998, the label's first artist, Sparkle released her debut self-titled album, Sparkle. In addition to producing and writing the project, Kelly made vocal contribution to the hit duet "Be Careful", which contributed largely to the album's success. The album was certified platinum in December 2000. In 1999, he wrote and produced the soundtrack to the Martin Lawrence and Eddie Murphy movie Life, which features tracks from K-Ci & JoJo, Maxwell, Mýa, and Destiny's Child. The soundtrack was released on the Rockland label. 2002–2003: The Best of Both Worlds and Chocolate Factory On January 24, 2002, at a press conference announcing The Best of Both Worlds completion, celebrities such as Johnnie Cochran, Russell Simmons, Luther Vandross, and Sean Combs praised the album, with Jay-Z stating that he hoped the collaboration represents "more unity for black people on a whole." MTV's Shaheem Reid wrote: "And if Jay and Kelly can put their egos to the side long enough to wrap up and promote their album, then their labels—Def Jam and Jive, respectively—can surely figure out a way to join forces and make cheddar together." On February 8, 2002, Kelly performed at the closing ceremony of the 2002 Winter Olympics at the same time a news scandal broke of a sex tape that appeared to show Kelly with an underage girl. When the joint album leaked on February 22, 2002, it caused the label, Roc-A-Fella, to modify the album's release date in March. Jay-Z expressed frustration about the album leak to MTV News: "It's the gift and the curse. It's an honor that everybody wants your music fast, but on the other hand, it's another thing when the music gets out before you [want it to]. Because that's your art. You feel attached to it. You feel a certain way and you want people to go out and support it. The time that you take, it's like a piece of your life. You take parts of your life and you put it on these records and then for it to just be traded and moved around [is frustrating]. The Best of Both Worlds album sold 285,000 copies in its opening week and debuted at number two on the Billboard 200. It was a critical and commercial disappointment. In May 2002, Kelly's initial sixth studio album, Loveland, leaked and was delayed to release in November. Eventually, a second thought caused Kelly to restructure the entirety of the album, including its title; Loveland would later be packaged as a deluxe edition bonus disc of the now-renamed Chocolate Factory. In October of that year, Kelly released the remix to its single, "Ignition". It had since charted at number two on the Billboard Hot 100. On February 18, 2003, the album, Chocolate Factory was released to highly critical fanfare. It debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, ending the first two-week run of rapper 50 Cent's Get Rich or Die Tryin'. It sold 532,000 copies in its first week. The album was also supported by its follow-up singles, "Snake" and the remix of "Step in the Name of Love"; the latter of which peaked at number nine on the Hot 100. Later that year, in September, Kelly released his first greatest hits album, The R. in R&B Collection, Vol. 1, including three unreleased songs; one of which being "Thoia Thoing". 2004–2005: Unfinished Business, Happy People/U Saved Me and TP.3 Reloaded Between mid-2003 and early 2004, Kelly began work on another double CD album, one with "happy" tracks and another with "inspirational" tracks. The double album, Happy People/U Saved Me, was released on August 24, 2004. It debuted at number two on the Billboard 200, with first week sales of 264,000 copies. Both of the album's titled tracks respectively performed underwhelmingly; "Happy People" charted at number twenty-nine on the Adult R&B song chart while "U Saved Me" peaked at number fifty-two on the Billboard Hot 100. Two months later, Kelly and Jay-Z reunited to release their second collaborative album, Unfinished Business. The album received criticism and like its predecessor, was also a commercial failure, despite debuting at number one on the Billboard 200. The promotion of the album and its Best of Both Worlds tour were both plagued by tension between the stars, with Kelly reportedly showing up late or not at all to gigs. Kelly complained that the touring lights were not directed towards him and allegedly assaulted the tour's lighting director. Jay-Z eventually removed Kelly halfway through the tour, after a member of Jay-Z's entourage pepper sprayed Kelly on October 29, 2004. Tyran (Ty-Ty) Smith was charged with assault, but took a plea deal for disorderly conduct. Kelly launched a $75-million lawsuit against Jay-Z for removing him from the tour; Jay-Z's counter suit was dismissed by a judge. Kelly redeemed himself commercially after appearing on Ja Rule's single, "Wonderful" alongside Ashanti. The song charted at number five on the Billboard Hot 100, topped the UK Singles Chart and went platinum in the summer of 2005. After finishing Happy People/U Saved Me and Unfinished Business in 2004, Kelly released TP.3 Reloaded in July 2005. It became Kelly's fifth consecutive number-one album in his career. TP.3 Reloaded was heavily cross-promoted by the first five chapters of the hip-hopera, Trapped in the Closet, which would later expand to other chapters for years to come. 2006–2009: Double Up and Untitled, Africa In December 2006, Kelly built momentum for his eighth solo studio album, Double Up, after guest-appearing on Bow Wow's "I'm a Flirt". Three months later, Kelly's remix of "I'm a Flirt" was released, but instead of Bow Wow, it features T.I. and T-Pain. On May 29, 2007, the album was released. It became Kelly's sixth and final album in his career to be number one on the Billboard 200. Kelly's other singles from Double Up titled "Same Girl" was a duet of Kelly and Usher, while "Rise Up" was a tribute to the victims of the Virginia Tech shooting that occurred earlier that year in April, a month before the album was released. The song was previously released as a digital download on May 15, 2007. Proceeds were donated to the Hokie Spirit Memorial Fund to help family members of the victims of the shootings. Kelly began his Double Up tour with Ne-Yo, Keyshia Cole and J. Holiday opening for him. After two shows, promoter Leonard Rowe had Ne-Yo removed from the tour because of a contract dispute. However, Ne-Yo alleges that the reason for the dropout was because Ne-Yo believes he received a better response from critics and fans, even though he performed at just two shows. Ne-Yo filed a lawsuit against Rowe Entertainment. Kelly was not mentioned in the lawsuit. In December 2007, Kelly failed to appear at another preliminary court hearing on his case due to his tour bus being held up in Utah. The judge threatened to revoke Kelly's bond, but eventually decided against it. In 2008, Kelly released a rap track titled "I'm a Beast" in which he coarsely attacked his detractors, yet did not name the subjects of the song. In 2008, before and after being acquitted on child pornography charges, Billboard reported that Kelly had plans to release his newest album titled 12 Play: Fourth Quarter in the summer of that year but the album was postponed. Billboard named Kelly among the most successful artists ever for its 50th Anniversary List. In the spring, the promotional single "Hair Braider", peaked at No. 56 on Billboard's R&B chart. On July 28, the entire album leaked online, causing the title to be scrapped. In February 2009, Kelly announced that he was working on a new album called Untitled with a projected release date of September 29, but it had been delayed to December. In June 2009, he released his first mixtape, The "Demo" Tape, presented by DJ Skee and DJ Drama. Kelly headlined the Arise African Fashion Awards in Johannesburg, South Africa, on June 20, 2009. He performed in Cape Town, followed by Nigeria as part of the annual ThisDay music and fashion festival in July. That same month, he released "Number One", featuring singer-songwriter Keri Hilson. Then, on December 1, Kelly's untitled ninth solo album was released. It charted on the Billboard 200 at number four. More singles from the album include "Echo", "Supaman High" and "Be My #1". In January 2010, Kelly performed in Kampala, Uganda. "I'm very excited about my first visit to Africa, I've dreamed about this for a long time and it's finally here", Kelly said in a statement. "It will be one of the highlights of not only my career but my life. I can't wait to perform in front of my fans in Africa—who have been some of the best in the world." 2010–2012: Epic, Love Letter, throat surgery, and Write Me Back Kelly performed at the 2010 FIFA World Cup opening ceremony on June 11, 2010. In an interview in the September 2010 issue of XXL magazine, Kelly said he was working on three new albums (Epic, Love Letter, and Zodiac) which he described as "remixing himself". Epic, a compilation filled with powerful ballads including "The World's Greatest" and "Sign of a Victory", only saw a European release on September 21, 2010. However, it is also available for streaming worldwide. In November 2010, Kelly collaborated with several African musicians forming a supergroup known as One8. The group featured 2Face from Nigeria, Ali Kiba from Tanzania, Congolese singer Fally Ipupa, 4X4 from Ghana, hip-hop artist Movaizhaleine from Gabon, Zambia's JK, Ugandan hip-hop star Navio and Kenya's Amani, the only female in the group. The first release from the group was "Hands Across the World" written and produced by Kelly. Kelly's tenth album Love Letter, released on December 14, 2010, included 15 songs, one of which was Kelly singing "You Are Not Alone", a track Kelly originally wrote for Michael Jackson. The first single "When a Woman Loves" was nominated for a Grammy for Best Traditional R&B Vocal Performance at the 53rd Annual Grammy Awards. At the 2011 Pre-Grammy Gala in Los Angeles, Kelly performed a medley of hits and in March 2011, Kelly was named the #1 R&B artist of the last 25 years by Billboard. On July 19, 2011, Kelly was admitted to the Northwestern Memorial Hospital in Chicago to undergo emergency throat surgery to drain an abscess on one of his tonsils, and was released on July 21, 2011. He cancelled his performance at the Reggae Sumfest in Jamaica that was scheduled for the following Friday. Johnny Gourzong, Sumfest Productions executive director, commented, "We are truly going to miss his presence on the festival." On September 23, 2011, Variety confirmed that Kelly had signed on to write original music for the Sparkle soundtrack. In 2011, Kelly worked with writer David Ritz on an autobiography entitled Soulacoaster: The Diary of Me, which was later released in the summer of 2012. On October 7, 2011, after Sony's RCA Music Group announced the consolidation of Jive, Arista and J Records into RCA Records, Kelly was set to release music under the RCA brand. Following his throat surgery, Kelly released "Shut Up" to generally favorable reviews: Spin magazine said, "Kelly taking aim at the haters who said "he's washed up, he's lost it." He hasn't. Dude's voice is in prime smooth R&B form". On December 21, 2011, Kelly made a live appearance on The X Factor and gave his first performance after the surgery. Kelly revealed to Rolling Stone that he felt like he was "just starting out" and how the performance was a "wake up call" for him. In 2012, Kelly made a series of announcements including a follow-up to the Love Letter album titled Write Me Back, which was released on June 26 to little fanfare, as well as a third installment of the Trapped in the Closet and The Single Ladies Tour featuring R&B singer, Tamia. In February 2012, Kelly performed "I Look to You", a song he wrote for Whitney Houston, at Houston's homegoing. 2013–2016: Black Panties, The Buffet, and 12 Nights of Christmas During 2013, Kelly continued his "The Single Ladies Tour". He performed at music festivals across North America, including Bonnaroo, Pitchfork, and Macy's Music Festival. On June 30, 2013, R. Kelly performed live at BET Awards Show singing hits as well as his new track "My Story" featuring Atlanta rapper 2 Chainz. The song was the lead single for Kelly's twelfth studio album Black Panties. released on December 10, 2013. Writing for New York magazine, David Marchese stated that Black Panties "was like a dare to the world: After all that he’d been accused of, after avoiding conviction, could R. Kelly still get away with making sex-obsessed music?" In 2013, Kelly collaborated with several artists including Celine Dion, Mariah Carey, Mary J. Blige, and Jennifer Hudson. In an interview with Global Grind in November, he described follow up work with Celine Dion after their number one single "I'm Your Angel" from 1998. Kelly worked with singer Mariah Carey for her album "The Art of Letting Go". Kelly co-wrote and sang on Lady Gaga's song "Do What U Want" from her 2013 album Artpop, performing the duet with her on Saturday Night Live on November 16, 2013, and at the 2013 American Music Awards. "Do What U Want" had since been removed from streaming services and re-releases of Gaga's Artpop album following sexual misconduct allegations against Kelly in early 2019. He also collaborated with Birdman and Lil Wayne on "We Been On", a single from the Cash Money Records compilation, Rich Gang. He also appeared on Twista's first single on his new album "Dark Horse". On November 17, 2013, Kelly and Justin Bieber debuted a collaboration entitled "PYD". Kelly was featured on the soundtrack album of the film The Best Man Holiday with his song "Christmas, I'll Be Steppin'". Kelly stated his intention to tour with R&B singer Mary J. Blige on "The King & Queen Tour" prior to the Black Panties Tour while continuing to create segments of the hip hopera Trapped in the Closet. In July 2014, Kelly announced that he was working on a house music album. In November 2015, Kelly released "Switch Up" featuring fellow Chicagoan Jeremih and Lil Wayne, followed by "Wake Up Everybody", "Marching Band" and "Backyard Party". The following month, the album containing those singles, The Buffet, was released. It charted poorly on the Billboard 200 at number sixteen with first-week sales of 39,000 album-equivalent copies. The following year, after a two-and-a-half-year delay, Kelly presented his only Christmas album, also his fourteenth and final studio album in his career, 12 Nights of Christmas, which was released on October 21, 2016. In 2019, Kelly was dropped from RCA Records following the airing of Surviving R. Kelly, which detailed numerous sexual assault allegations against the singer for decades. As of October 2021, following his New York conviction, Kelly's YouTube channel was terminated, but his catalogue remains available on YouTube Music. Artistry Musical style and influences Kelly's music took root in R&B, hip hop and soul. He was influenced by listening to his mother, Joanne Kelly, sing. She played records by Donny Hathaway and Marvin Gaye, inspirations for Kelly. In reference to Hathaway, Kelly stated: "A guy like Donny Hathaway had a focused, sexual texture in his voice that I always wanted in mine. He had smooth, soulful tones, but he was spiritual at the same time." In his autobiography, Kelly stated that he was heavily influenced by Marvin Gaye's R&B Lothario image. "I had to make a 'baby-makin' album. If Marvin Gaye did it, I wanted to do it", Kelly said. While Kelly created a smooth, professional mixture of hip-hop beats, soulman crooning and funk, the most distinctive element of his music is its explicit sensuality. "Sex Me", "Bump n' Grind", "Your Body's Callin'", and "Feelin' on Yo Booty" are considered to be examples, as their productions were seductive enough to sell such blatant come-ons. Kelly's crossover appeal was also sustained by his development of a flair for pop balladry. Vocal style and lyrical themes Writing for the New York Daily News in 1997, Nunyo Demasio stated "With a voice that easily shifts from booming baritone to seductive alto, Kelly has gained international celebrity by combining streetwise rhythms with sexually explicit lyrics." Love and sex are the topics of the majority of Kelly's lyrical content, although he has written about a wide variety of themes such as inspiration and spirituality. Chicago Sun-Times reporters Jim DeRogatis and Abdon Pallasch observed about the contrasting themes: "... the image he liked to project was that of the "R&B Thug"... bringing the streetwise persona of the gangsta rapper into the more polite world of R&B." Kelly expressed that he writes from everyday experiences and prides himself on being versatile. Larry Khan, senior vice president of Jive's urban marketing and promotion, said that Kelly's musical compass is second to none. DeRogatis and Pallasch reported that at concerts where Kelly would go from singing "Like a Real Freak" to "I Wish": "Many fans found these abrupt shifts between the transcendent and the venal, the inspirational and the X-rated jarring." Sexual abuse allegations Kelly has repeatedly faced allegations of sexual abuse that have resulted in multiple civil suits and criminal trials. Early reports of sexual abuse (1990s) In December 2000, the Chicago Sun-Times first reported that police had made two investigations that Kelly was having sex with an underage female but had to drop the investigations due to lack of cooperation by the girls accusing him. A civil suit filed in 1996 by Tiffany Hawkins detailed allegations that, starting in 1991 when she was age 15, Kelly had sex with her as an underage high school student, encouraged her to recruit her schools friends, and pressured her into engaging in group sex with other underage girls. In 1998, Kelly settled the lawsuit with Hawkins for $250,000. Illegal marriage (1994) Kelly had been introduced to a promising young singer from Detroit named Aaliyah by her uncle, Barry Hankerson, when she was 12 years old. During Kelly's 2021 criminal trial for sex trafficking and racketeering, a witness testified that Kelly had sexual contact with Aaliyah starting when she was 13 or 14 years old. Kelly wrote and produced Aaliyah's first album, Age Ain't Nothing but a Number, in 1994. On August 31, 1994, Kelly, then 27, illegally married Aaliyah, then 15, in a secret ceremony in Cook County, Illinois. Kelly's tour manager, Demetrius Smith, admitted he facilitated the wedding by obtaining falsified identification for Aaliyah which listed her as 18 years old. In 2019, a contemporaneous video surfaced showing Kelly stating—less than a year before the marriage took place—that Aaliyah was 14 years old. The marriage was annulled in February 1995 at the behest of Aaliyah's family by a Michigan judge. Kelly and Aaliyah, however, both denied that the marriage occurred and even denied that their relationship had ever moved beyond friendship. In May 1997, Aaliyah filed a lawsuit in Cook County to have the marriage record expunged, stating that she was underage at the time of marriage, had lied by signing the marriage certificate as an 18-year-old, and that she could not legally enter into marriage without parental consent. The expungement request was included in a lawsuit filed by Tiffany Hawkins, who sought to use the marriage documents in her case against Kelly. Hawkins later accepted a settlement of $250,000 from Kelly, subject to a confidentiality agreement, in 1998. In 2019, federal prosecutors in New York charged Kelly with bribery related to the 1994 purchase of a fake ID for Aaliyah in order to obtain a marriage license. Kelly, through his lawyers, admitted in 2021 to having had 'underage sexual contact' with Aaliyah. Sex tape circulates (2002) On February 3, 2002, a video circulated that allegedly showed Kelly engaging in sex with, and urinating on, an underage girl. After the video was released by an unknown source and sent to the Chicago Sun-Times, the publisher broke the story on February 8, 2002, the same day Kelly performed at the opening ceremony of the 2002 Winter Olympics. Kelly said in interviews that he was not the man in the video. First criminal indictment (2002) In June 2002, Kelly was indicted in Chicago on 21 counts of child pornography. That same month on June 6, 2002, Kelly was arrested by the Miami Police Department on a Chicago arrest warrant at his Florida vacation home. He was released after one night in jail, the following day after posting bail of $750,000. The alleged victim refused to testify at the trial, and a Chicago jury found Kelly not guilty on all 14 counts of child pornography in June 2008. While investigating the photographs reported in the Chicago Sun-Times, Polk County Sheriff's Office conducted a search of Kelly's residence in Davenport, Florida. During the search, officers recovered 12 images of an alleged underage girl on a digital camera – wrapped in a towel in a duffel bag – which allegedly depicted Kelly "involved in sexual conduct with the female minor." According to the Chicago Sun-Times, the girl in the images obtained from Kelly's Florida home also appears in the videotape which got Kelly indicted in Chicago. Kelly was arrested on January 22, 2003, by Police investigators from Polk County and Miami-Dade County, at Miami's Wyndham Grand Bay Hotel on those charges of 12 counts of possession of child pornography. Kelly was later released from Miami-Dade county jail hours after on a bond posted of $12,000. In March 2004, these charges were dropped due to a lack of probable cause for the search warrants. Allegations of preteen girl molestation (2009) In a divorce court filing unsealed in 2020, R. Kelly's former wife Andrea claims that R. Kelly was accused of molesting a preteen girl in 2009. Huffington Post Live Interview (2015) In December 2015, Kelly appeared on Huffington Post Live in an interview with journalist Caroline Modarressy-Tehrani. The interview was so he could promote the release of his latest album The Buffet. However, during the interview, Modarressy-Tehrani quizzed Kelly about the sexual abuse allegations being levelled against him and wanted to gauge his reaction. This resulted in Kelly growing angry and defensive. He continually shouted over Modarressy-Tehrani, asked her whether she drank and threatened to leave and go to McDonalds. Kelly ultimately stormed out of the interview before it ended. This was one of the first occasions where Kelly was concretely asked about the allegations against him on a public platform. After Kelly's 2021 conviction, Modarressy-Tehrani tweeted: "Now, with this verdict, hopefully, his survivors get some peace and feel this justice. Alleged sex cult (2010s) Jim DeRogatis reported for BuzzFeed News on July 17, 2017, that Kelly was accused by three sets of parents of holding their daughters in an "abusive cult". Kelly and the alleged victims deny the allegations. In March 2018, BBC World Service aired a documentary entitled R Kelly: Sex, Girls and Videotapes presented by reporter Ben Zand that explored the 2017 allegations. This was followed up in May with the BBC Three documentary R Kelly: The Sex Scandal Continues which included interviews with the parents of the Savage daughters. Kelly was again accused of misconduct on April 17, 2018, by a former partner of his who claimed that Kelly "intentionally" infected her with a sexually transmitted disease. A representative for Kelly stated that he "categorically denies all claims and allegations". In a January 2019 BBC News article, a woman named Asante McGee whom Kelly had met in 2014 and taken to live with him some months later, said that she lived with not only Kelly alone, but with other women. She said: "He controlled every aspect of my life, while I lived with him." McGee later moved out on her own accord. Boycott and industry response In May 2018, the Women of Color branch of the Time's Up movement called for a boycott of Kelly's music and performances over the many allegations against him. The boycott was accompanied by a social media campaign called Mute R. Kelly. In response, his management said that Kelly supports the movement in principle, but targeting him was "the attempted lynching of a black man who has made extraordinary contributions to our culture". The music streaming service Spotify announced on May 10, 2018, that it was going to stop promoting or recommending music by both R. Kelly and XXXTentacion. Spotify stated, "We don't censor content because of an artist's or creator's behavior, but we want our editorial decisions—what we choose to program—to reflect our values." Two days later, Apple Music and Pandora also announced that they will no longer be featuring or promoting R. Kelly's music. Spotify received criticism from members of the music industry who expressed worries of a "slippery slope" of muting artists, since R. Kelly had not ever actually been convicted of any crime. Spotify ultimately reversed this decision. Allegations of music industry complicity The Washington Post ran a lengthy article in May 2018, alleging that music industry executives had been aware of Kelly's sexually abusive behavior toward young women for years but did little or nothing about them due to his success as a performer and songwriter. As early as 1994, the newspaper reported, his tour manager had urged Jive Records' founder Clive Calder to tell Kelly he would not release the singer's records if he continued to have "incidents" with women after every concert he gave. Calder told the Post that he regretted not having done more at the time, saying "Clearly, we missed something." Former Jive president Barry Weiss told the newspaper that during 20 years with the label he never concerned himself with Kelly's private life and was unaware of two lawsuits filed against Kelly and the label by women alleging sexual misconduct, suits in which the label had successfully argued it was not liable. Larry Khan, another Jive executive who worked closely with the singer even after viewing the sex tape, likewise implied it was not the label's responsibility, and pointed to Chuck Berry and Jerry Lee Lewis as musicians whose labels continued to release and promote their records despite public awareness that they were involved with underage girls. Executives at Epic Records also took a similarly relaxed attitude towards allegations of Kelly's sexual misconduct, the Post claimed. In 2002, after he signed with the label, executive David McPherson allegedly avoided viewing a copy of a tape purportedly showing the singer having sex with an underage girl, even as he had warned Kelly's assistant that if it turned out to be Kelly on that tape, the label would drop him. McPherson did not respond to the Posts requests for comment. An intern with the label whose work suffered after she began a relationship with Kelly, ultimately costing her the position, settled with Epic for $250,000; Cathy Carroll, the executive she worked for, regularly rebuked her former subordinate for having an affair with a married man whenever the two met at social functions for years afterwards, and the damage to the woman's reputation led her to abandon her career in the music industry. Carroll told the newspaper the woman was "starstruck ... A lot of times it's not really the men." The Washington Post also suggested the labels were complicit in the sex-cult allegations from the previous summer's BuzzFeed piece. Employees at the studios where Kelly recorded were required to sign non-disclosure agreements and not enter certain rooms, which they said they believed were where Kelly made the women stay while he worked. Despite the agreements, the newspaper was able to publish screenshots of text exchanges where women in the rooms asked Kelly's assistants to let them out so they could go to the bathroom or get food. The newspaper also published pictures taken after Kelly had concluded a six-week session at a Los Angeles studio, paid for by his then-current label, RCA Records, showing a cup of urine sitting on a piano and urine stains on the wooden floor of another room. Musical response to allegations Kelly released the 19-minute long "I Admit" on SoundCloud on July 23, 2018, as a response to his accusers. The song does not contain any criminal admissions despite its title and chorus, which repeats the lyric "I admit it, I did it". In "I Admit", Kelly denies allegations of domestic violence and pedophilia, asserting that they are matters of opinion. Kelly also denounces Jim DeRogatis and repudiates his investigative report's claim of Kelly operating a "sex cult". Addressing the Mute R. Kelly social media campaign, Kelly sings, "only God can mute me". The song was criticized by reviewers, who described it as an act of trolling. Andrea Kelly and Carey Killa Kelly, R. Kelly's ex-wife and brother, responded to "I Admit" with a remix and a diss track. Surviving R. Kelly (2019–2020) In January 2019, Lifetime began airing a six-part documentary series titled Surviving R. Kelly detailing sexual abuse and misconduct allegations against Kelly. Writing for the Los Angeles Times, Loraine Ali observed that the series covered a range of in-depth interviews that "paint a picture of a predator whose behavior was consistently overlooked by the industry, his peers and the public while his spiritual hit was sung in churches and schools." Within two weeks, Kelly launched a Facebook page where he sought to discredit the accusers who appeared in the docuseries. Facebook removed the page for violating their standards as it appeared to contain personal contact information for his accusers. The second season titled Surviving R. Kelly Part II: The Reckoning premiered on January 2, 2020. Following airing of the Surviving R. Kelly documentary, Kelly was listed in Guinness World Records as the most searched for male musician on Google in 2019. He ranked 8th overall on Google's list of the 10 most search for people for the year. Second series of criminal charges (2019–2021) On February 22, 2019, the Cook County State's Attorney's Office in Illinois charged Kelly with 10 counts of aggravated criminal sexual abuse. The charges allege that from 1998 to 2010, Kelly sexually abused four females, three of whom were teen minors at the time, with evidence including a video provided by Michael Avenatti of an alleged new crime. After Kelly turned himself in the day the charges were announced, he was arrested by the Chicago Police Department and taken into custody. The judge set bond at $1 million and ordered Kelly to have no contact with any minor under 18 or alleged victim. Kelly pleaded not guilty to all charges, which he called lies. He was released on bail after three nights in jail at Cook County. On March 6, 2019, Gayle King interviewed Kelly on CBS This Morning, where he insisted on his innocence and blamed social media for the allegations. During the interview, Kelly had an emotional outburst where he stood up, pounded his chest, and yelled. Two women who described themselves as a Kelly's girlfriends and whose parents say are brainwashed captives, declared their love for Kelly and defended him during the broadcast. On July 11, 2019, Kelly was arrested on federal charges alleging sex crimes and obstruction of justice by U.S. Homeland Security investigators and NYPD detectives in Chicago. On July 12, 2019, federal prosecutors from New York and Chicago indicted Kelly on 18 charges, including child sexual exploitation, child pornography production, sex trafficking, kidnapping, forced labor, racketeering, and obstruction of justice. He was first denied bail in October 2019 and denied bail release again in April 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Superseding indictments were filed in Chicago on February 13, 2020, and in New York on March 13, 2020, raising the total number of charges to 22. He was incarcerated at Metropolitan Correctional Center, Chicago from July 11, 2019, to June 23, 2021. On June 23, 2021, Kelly was transferred to Metropolitan Detention Center, Brooklyn. On August 5, 2019, the State's Attorney Office in Hennepin County, Minnesota charged Kelly with soliciting a minor and prostitution; prosecutors alleged that in July 2001, following a concert in Minneapolis, Kelly had invited a girl up to his hotel room and paid her $200 to remove her clothing and dance with him. In July 2021, Federal prosecutors asked the court to include alleged evidence of bribes, recordings of threats and more allegations of sexual abuse of minors, including an underaged boy he met at McDonald's, as pattern evidence in his trial. Criminal conviction (2021) The federal trial began on August 18, 2021. After weeks of testimony and two days of deliberations, on September 27, 2021, the jury found Kelly guilty on nine counts including racketeering, sexual exploitation of a child, kidnapping, bribery, sex trafficking, and a violation of the Mann Act. The judge ordered that Kelly remain in custody pending sentencing, which was set for May 4, 2022. After the jury delivered their verdict, women's rights attorney Gloria Allred, who represented several victims, stated that Kelly was the worst sexual predator she had pursued in her 47-year career of practicing law. Other legal issues After a July 1996 brawl at a Lafayette, Louisiana health club involving Kelly and his entourage, Kelly was placed on a year's unsupervised probation starting August 13, 1997, after being found guilty of battery. One of the victims needed 110 facial stitches. Also that year, a 20-year-old accused Kelly in civil court of having sexual relations with her when he was 24 and she was 15. Kelly settled the lawsuit in 1998 for $250,000, according to the Chicago Sun-Times. On April 8, 1998, Kelly was arrested on three misdemeanor charges of disorderly conduct, including one charge on violating noise ordinance for playing his music extremely loud from his car. Prosecutors from the district attorney's office dropped the first two charges on May 7 and the noise charge on July 22 that year. On March 6, 2019, Kelly was taken back to the Cook County Jail after failing to pay $161,633 in child support. On March 9, 2019, he was released after someone, who did not want to be identified, paid off the child support. His lawyer says he could not discuss the payment due to a gag order. Influence Kelly is considered to be one of the most successful R&B artists since the mid-1980s. He is also one of the best-selling music artists in the United States, with over 30 million albums sold, as well as only the fifth black artist to enter the top 50 of the same list. Rolling Stone magazine called him "arguably the most important R&B figure of the 1990s and 2000s." Music executive Barry Weiss described Kelly as "the modern-day Prince, although there's a bit of Marvin Gaye in him, and a bit of Irving Berlin." In addition to his solo and collaboration success, Kelly has also written and produced several hit songs, such as "Fortunate" for Maxwell, "You Are Not Alone" for Michael Jackson, "G.H.E.T.T.O.U.T." for Changing Faces, "Bump, Bump, Bump" for B2K, and many more. R. Kelly has been compared to artists like Sam Cooke and Marvin Gaye. Personal life Kelly's mother, Joanne, died from cancer in 1993. He has given conflicting accounts of where he was during his mother's passing. In 1996, Kelly married Andrea Kelly, his former backup dancer and mother of his three children. Andrea filed a restraining order against Kelly in September 2005 after a physical altercation, ultimately filing for divorce in 2006. In January 2009, after separating in the fall of 2005, Kelly and his wife Andrea Kelly finalized their divorce after 11 years of marriage. Charity and donations In 2007, Kelly released the song "Rise Up" for Virginia Tech after the 2007 school shooting, and donated the net proceeds to the families of the victims. In 2010, Kelly penned the song "Sign of a Victory" for the FIFA World Cup, with all proceeds benefiting African charities. In 2011, he performed at a charity event in Chicago benefiting Clara's House, a now-shuttered (Jan 2018) facility designed to build employment, housing, health care, and education in the projects of Chicago. In 2016, Kelly donated cases of water to the Flint water crisis. Honors and awards Kelly has been awarded and nominated for multiple awards during his career, as a songwriter, producer, and singer. He was granted three Grammy Awards for his song "I Believe I Can Fly": Best Male R&B Vocal Performance, Best Rhythm and Blues Song, and Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television. Discography Studio albums Born into the 90's (1992) (with Public Announcement) 12 Play (1993) R. Kelly (1995) R. (1998) TP-2.com (2000) The Best of Both Worlds (2002) (with Jay-Z) Chocolate Factory (2003) Happy People/U Saved Me (2004) Unfinished Business (2004) (with Jay-Z) TP.3 Reloaded (2005) Double Up (2007) Untitled (2009) Love Letter (2010) Write Me Back (2012) Black Panties (2013) The Buffet (2015) 12 Nights of Christmas (2016) Filmography Books Soulacoaster: The Diary of Me (2012, autobiography) Tours 60653 Tour (w/ Public Announcement) (1993) The 12 Play Very Necessary Tour (with Salt-N-Pepa) (1994) The Down Low Top Secret Tour (with LL Cool J, Xscape, and Solo) (1996) The Get Up on a Room Tour (with Kelly Price, Nas, Foxy Brown, and Deborah Cox) (1999) The TP-2.com Tour (with Sunshine Anderson & Syleena Johnson) (2001) The Key in the Ignition Tour (with Ashanti) (2003) The Best Of Both Worlds Tour (w/ Jay-Z) (2004) The Light It Up Tour (2006) The Double Up Tour (with J. Holiday & Keyshia Cole) (2007) The Ladies Make Some Noise Tour (with K. Michelle) (2009) Love Letter Tour (with Keyshia Cole & Marsha Ambrosius) (2011) The Single Ladies Tour (with Tamia) (2012–13) Black Panties Tour (2014–16) The Buffet Tour (2016) See also Honorific nicknames in popular music List of artists who reached number one in the United States List of Billboard number-one singles List of highest-certified music artists in the United States List of songs recorded by R. Kelly List of songs written and produced by R. Kelly List of unreleased songs recorded by R. Kelly Shaggy defense References External links R. Kelly: Sex, Girls and Videotapes, BBC documentary, March 28, 2018 1967 births Living people 20th-century American criminals 21st-century American criminals African-American basketball players African-American Christians African-American male actors 20th-century African-American male singers African-American record producers African-American male singer-songwriters American contemporary R&B singers American gospel singers American hip hop record producers American hip hop singers American male criminals American male film actors American men's basketball players American music arrangers American music industry executives American music video directors American people convicted of child sexual abuse American people convicted of kidnapping American prisoners and detainees American soul musicians American soul singers American sportspeople convicted of crimes American tenors Atlantic City Seagulls players Basketball players from Illinois Child marriage in the United States Criminals from Chicago Grammy Award winners Guards (basketball) Jive Records artists Male actors from Chicago Music video codirectors People acquitted of sex crimes People convicted of racketeering People convicted of sex trafficking People convicted of violating the Mann Act People from Olympia Fields, Illinois Prisoners and detainees of the United States Record producers from Illinois Shooting guards Singers from Chicago Small forwards Sportspeople from Cook County, Illinois Writers from Chicago Singer-songwriters from Illinois 21st-century African-American male singers LGBT singers

<mask> (born January 8, 1967) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer and convicted sex offender. He has been credited with helping to redefine R&B and hip hop, earning nicknames such as "the King of R&B", "the King of Pop-Soul", and the "Pied Piper of R&B". <mask> is known for songs including "I Believe I Can Fly", "Bump N' Grind", "Your Body's Callin', "Gotham City", "Ignition (Remix)", "If I Could Turn Back the Hands of Time", "The World's Greatest", "I'm a Flirt (Remix)", and the hip hopera "Trapped in the Closet". In 1998, <mask> won three Grammy Awards for "I Believe I Can Fly". Although <mask> is primarily a singer and songwriter, he has written, produced, and remixed songs, singles, and albums for other artists. In 1996, he was nominated for a Grammy Award for writing Michael Jackson's song "You Are Not Alone". <mask> has sold over 75 million records worldwide, making him the most successful R&B male artist of the 1990s and one of the world's best-selling music artists.In 2010, Billboard magazine considered <mask> the most successful R&B artist in history and listed him as the Top R&B/Hip Hop Artist for the time period between 1985 and 2010. In 2012, he was listed as the 55th best-selling music artist in the United States, with over 32 million album sales. Since the 1990s, <mask> has been repeatedly accused of sexual abuse, often with underage girls. He has faced multiple civil suits and has been charged by criminal courts in Chicago, New York, Illinois, and Minnesota. He repeatedly denied the charges. In June 2002, he was indicted on 21 counts of making child pornography. He was acquitted six years later in 2008.In January 2019, a widely viewed Lifetime docuseries titled Surviving R. <mask> detailed allegations of sexual abuse by multiple women, allegations that <mask> continued to deny. Facing pressure from the public using the Mute R. Kelly hashtag, RCA Records dropped <mask>. In 2019, <mask> was indicted by a Cook County grand jury in Chicago on 10 counts of aggravated criminal sexual abuse in February, followed by an additional 11 counts of sexual assault and abuse filed by the same court in May. On July 11, 2019, he was arrested on federal charges alleging sex crimes, human trafficking, child pornography, racketeering, and obstruction of justice. <mask> faced a total of 22 federal criminal charges as of January 29, 2021. A federal judge ordered <mask> jailed pending trial on the charges. On September 27, 2021, a federal jury in New York found <mask> guilty on nine counts including racketeering, sexual exploitation of a child, kidnapping, bribery, sex trafficking, and a violation of the Mann Act.The judge ordered that he remain in custody pending sentencing, set for May 4, 2022. <mask> faces a second trial for producing child pornography set for August 2022. Early life <mask> <mask> was born at Chicago Lying-in Hospital in the Hyde Park neighborhood on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois, on January 8, 1967. He has three half-siblings, an older sister and brother, along with a younger brother. His mother, <mask>, was a schoolteacher and devout Baptist. She was born in Arkansas. The identity of his father, who was absent from <mask>'s life, is not known.His family lived in the Ida B. Wells Homes public housing project in Chicago's Bronzeville neighborhood. Around the time he was five years old, <mask>'s mother married his stepfather, Lucious, who reportedly worked for an airline. <mask> began singing in the church choir at age eight. <mask> described having a girlfriend, Lulu, at age eight, in his autobiography. He stated that their last play date turned tragic when, after fighting with older children over a play area by a creek, she was pushed into the water, swept downstream by a fast-moving current, and drowned. <mask> called Lulu his first musical inspiration.<mask> said members of his household would act differently when his mother and grandparents were not home. From age eight to 14, he was sexually abused by an older female family member. <mask>'s younger brother Carey stated that he suffered from years of sexual abuse at the hands of his older sister, Theresa, who was entrusted with babysitting her siblings. Carey stated that although their older brother was spared and allowed to play outside, both he and <mask> were punished at separate times indoors by Theresa, who refused to acknowledge the abuse when confronted years later. Explaining why he never told anyone, <mask> wrote in his 2012 autobiography Soulacoaster that he was "too afraid and too ashamed". Around age 10, <mask> was also sexually abused by an older male who was a friend of the family. In his autobiography, <mask> described being shot in the shoulder, at age 11, by boys who were attempting to steal his bike, although a family friend later stated that <mask> had shot himself while attempting suicide.In September 1980, <mask> entered Kenwood Academy in Chicago's Hyde Park neighborhood, where he met music teacher Lena McLin, who encouraged <mask> to perform the Stevie Wonder classic "Ribbon in the Sky" in the high school talent show. A shy <mask> put on sunglasses, was escorted onto the stage, sang the song and won first prize. McLin encouraged <mask> to leave the high school basketball team and concentrate on music. She said he was furious at first, but after his performance in the talent show, he changed his mind.<mask> was diagnosed with the learning disability dyslexia, which left him unable to read or write. <mask> dropped out of high school after attending Kenwood Academy for one year. He began performing in the subway under the Chicago "L" tracks. He regularly busked at the "L" stop on the Red Line's Jackson station in the Loop.In his youth, <mask> played basketball with Illinois state champion basketball player Ben Wilson and later sang "It's So Hard to Say Goodbye to Yesterday" at Wilson's funeral. Career 1990–1996: Born into the 90's, 12 Play and R. Kelly MGM (Musically Gifted Men or Mentally Gifted Men) was formed in 1989 with <mask>, Marc McWilliams, Vincent Walker and Shawn Brooks. In 1990, MGM recorded and released one single, "Why You Wanna Play Me"; after its release, the group disbanded. <mask> gained national recognition in 1989 when MGM participated on the talent TV show Big Break, hosted by Natalie Cole. After MGM performed “All My Love”, which would become a demo for <mask>'s song “She's Got That Vibe” the group went on to win the $100,000 grand prize. In 1991, <mask> signed with Jive Records. <mask>'s debut album Born into the 90's was released in early 1992 (credited as R. <mask> and Public Announcement).The album, released during the new jack swing period of the early 1990s, yielded the R&B hits "She's Got That Vibe", "Honey Love", "Dedicated", and "Slow Dance (Hey Mr. DJ)", with <mask> singing lead vocals. During late 1992, <mask> and Public Announcement embarked on a tour entitled "60653" after the zip code of their Chicago neighborhood. This would be the only album co-credited with Public Announcement. <mask> separated from the group in January 1993. <mask>'s first solo album, 12 Play, was released on November 9, 1993, and yielded the singer's first number-one hit, "Bump N' Grind", which spent a record-breaking 12 weeks at number one on the Billboard Hot R&B Singles chart. Subsequent hit singles: "Your Body's Callin'" (U.S. Hot 100: #13, U.S. R&B: #2) and "Sex Me" (U.S.Hot 100: #20, U.S. R&B: #8). Both singles sold 500,000 copies in the United States and were certified Gold by the RIAA. In 1994, 12 Play was certified Gold by the RIAA, eventually going six times platinum. In 1995, <mask> garnered his first Grammy nominations; two for writing, producing and composing Michael Jackson's last number one hit "You Are Not Alone". <mask>'s success continued with the November 14, 1995 release of R<mask>, his eponymous second studio album. Critics praised him for his departure from salacious bedroom songs to embracing vulnerability. New York Times contributor Stephen Holden described <mask> as "The reigning king of pop-soul sex talks a lot tougher than Barry White, the father of such fluffed-up pillow talk and along with Marvin Gaye and Donny Hathaway, [both] major influences for <mask>."Also in December 1995, Professor Michael Eric Dyson critiqued <mask>'s self-titled album "R. Kelly" for VIBE. Dyson described <mask>'s growth from the 12 Play album: "<mask> reshapes his personal turmoil to artistic benefit" and noted that <mask> is "reborn before our very own ears." The album reached number one on the Billboard 200 chart, becoming <mask>'s first number one album on the chart, and reached number one on the R&B album charts; his second. The R. <mask> album spawned three platinum hit singles: "You Remind Me of Something" (U.S. Hot 100: #4, U.S. R&B: #1), "I Can't Sleep Baby (If I)" (U.S. Hot 100: #5, U.S. R&B: #1), and "Down Low (Nobody Has To Know)" (U.S. Hot 100: #4, U.S. R&B: #1); a duet with <mask>.<mask>'s self-titled album sold four million copies, receiving 4× platinum certification from the RIAA. He promoted the album with a 50-city "Down Low Top Secret Tour" with LL Cool J, Xscape, and Solo. On November 26, 1996, <mask> released "I Believe I Can Fly", an inspirational song originally released on the soundtrack for the film Space Jam. "I Believe I Can Fly" reached No. 2 on the Billboard Hot 100, and No. 1 on the UK charts for three weeks and won three Grammy Awards in 1998. In that same year, he contributed Freak Tonight for the A Thin Line Between Love and Hate soundtrack.1997–2001: Basketball, R., TP-2.COM, and Rockland Records In 1997, <mask> signed a contract to play professional basketball with the Atlantic City Seagulls of the USBL. He wore the number 12 in honor of his album 12 Play. <mask> said "I love basketball enough to not totally let go of my music, but just put it to the side for a minute and fulfill some dreams of mine that I've had for a long time." <mask>'s USBL contract contained a clause that would allow him to fulfill a music obligation when necessary. "If Whitney Houston needs a song written", said Ken Gross, the Seagulls owner who signed <mask>, "he would be able to leave the team to do that and come back". "It wasn't a gimmick", Gross continued, "he's a ballplayer. He can play."<mask> is the first music artist to play professional basketball. In 1998, <mask> wrote and produced the debut album of another protégé Sparkle, which was released under his Rockland label and distributed through Interscope. In 2000, Sparkle went platinum due in part to the success of the first single, "Be Careful", a duet with <mask>. On November 17, 1998, <mask> released his fourth studio and first double album, R. Musically, the album spans different genres from pop (Celine Dion), street rap (Nas and Jay-Z) to Blues ("Suicide"). Dave Hoekstra of the Los Angeles Times described the album as "easily the most ambitious project of his career." As the year 2000 commenced, <mask> racked up a slew of new awards reflecting his status as an established R&B superstar. In January 2000, he had won Favorite Male Soul/R&B Artist at the American Music Awards and, in February, was nominated for several Grammy Awards, including Best Male R&B Vocal Performance ("When a Woman's Fed Up"), Best R&B Album (R.), and Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group ("Satisfy You") with P. Diddy.On November 7, 2000, <mask> released his fifth studio album, TP-2.com, a project aligned with his breakthrough album, 12 Play. Unlike R., all songs on TP-2.com were written, arranged, and produced by <mask>. AllMusic's Jason Birchmeier gave TP-2.com 4 stars and stated: "<mask> knows how to take proven formulas and funnel them through his own stylistic aesthetic, which usually means slowing down the tempo, laying on lush choruses of strings and background vocals, taming down the lyrics for radio, and catering his pitch primarily to wistful women. In 2001, <mask> won the Outstanding Achievement Award at the Music of Black Origin or MOBO Awards and Billboard magazine ranked TP-2.com number 94 on the magazine's Top 200 Albums of the Decade. <mask>'s song "The World's Greatest", from the soundtrack to the 2001 Ali film, was a hit. Rockland Records In 1998 <mask> launched his own label, the Interscope Records-distributed Rockland Records. The label's roster included artists Sparkle, Boo & Gotti, Talent, Vegas Cats, Lady, Frankie, Secret Weapon, and <mask>. Also in 1998, the label's first artist, Sparkle released her debut self-titled album, Sparkle.In addition to producing and writing the project, <mask> made vocal contribution to the hit duet "Be Careful", which contributed largely to the album's success. The album was certified platinum in December 2000. In 1999, he wrote and produced the soundtrack to the Martin Lawrence and Eddie Murphy movie Life, which features tracks from K-Ci & JoJo, Maxwell, Mýa, and Destiny's Child. The soundtrack was released on the Rockland label. 2002–2003: The Best of Both Worlds and Chocolate Factory On January 24, 2002, at a press conference announcing The Best of Both Worlds completion, celebrities such as Johnnie Cochran, <mask>, Luther Vandross, and Sean Combs praised the album, with Jay-Z stating that he hoped the collaboration represents "more unity for black people on a whole." MTV's Shaheem <mask> wrote: "And if Jay and <mask> can put their egos to the side long enough to wrap up and promote their album, then their labels—Def Jam and Jive, respectively—can surely figure out a way to join forces and make cheddar together." On February 8, 2002, <mask> performed at the closing ceremony of the 2002 Winter Olympics at the same time a news scandal broke of a sex tape that appeared to show <mask> with an underage girl.When the joint album leaked on February 22, 2002, it caused the label, Roc-A-Fella, to modify the album's release date in March. Jay-Z expressed frustration about the album leak to MTV News: "It's the gift and the curse. It's an honor that everybody wants your music fast, but on the other hand, it's another thing when the music gets out before you [want it to]. Because that's your art. You feel attached to it. You feel a certain way and you want people to go out and support it. The time that you take, it's like a piece of your life.You take parts of your life and you put it on these records and then for it to just be traded and moved around [is frustrating]. The Best of Both Worlds album sold 285,000 copies in its opening week and debuted at number two on the Billboard 200. It was a critical and commercial disappointment. In May 2002, <mask>'s initial sixth studio album, Loveland, leaked and was delayed to release in November. Eventually, a second thought caused <mask> to restructure the entirety of the album, including its title; Loveland would later be packaged as a deluxe edition bonus disc of the now-renamed Chocolate Factory. In October of that year, <mask> released the remix to its single, "Ignition". It had since charted at number two on the Billboard Hot 100.On February 18, 2003, the album, Chocolate Factory was released to highly critical fanfare. It debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, ending the first two-week run of rapper 50 Cent's Get Rich or Die Tryin'. It sold 532,000 copies in its first week. The album was also supported by its follow-up singles, "Snake" and the remix of "Step in the Name of Love"; the latter of which peaked at number nine on the Hot 100. Later that year, in September, <mask> released his first greatest hits album, The R. in R&B Collection, Vol. 1, including three unreleased songs; one of which being "Thoia Thoing". 2004–2005: Unfinished Business, Happy People/U Saved Me and TP.3 Reloaded Between mid-2003 and early 2004, <mask> began work on another double CD album, one with "happy" tracks and another with "inspirational" tracks.The double album, Happy People/U Saved Me, was released on August 24, 2004. It debuted at number two on the Billboard 200, with first week sales of 264,000 copies. Both of the album's titled tracks respectively performed underwhelmingly; "Happy People" charted at number twenty-nine on the Adult R&B song chart while "U Saved Me" peaked at number fifty-two on the Billboard Hot 100. Two months later, <mask> and Jay-Z reunited to release their second collaborative album, Unfinished Business. The album received criticism and like its predecessor, was also a commercial failure, despite debuting at number one on the Billboard 200. The promotion of the album and its Best of Both Worlds tour were both plagued by tension between the stars, with <mask> reportedly showing up late or not at all to gigs. <mask> complained that the touring lights were not directed towards him and allegedly assaulted the tour's lighting director.Jay-Z eventually removed <mask> halfway through the tour, after a member of Jay-Z's entourage pepper sprayed <mask> on October 29, 2004. Tyran (Ty-Ty) Smith was charged with assault, but took a plea deal for disorderly conduct. <mask> launched a $75-million lawsuit against Jay-Z for removing him from the tour; Jay-Z's counter suit was dismissed by a judge. <mask> redeemed himself commercially after appearing on Ja <mask>'s single, "Wonderful" alongside Ashanti. The song charted at number five on the Billboard Hot 100, topped the UK Singles Chart and went platinum in the summer of 2005. After finishing Happy People/U Saved Me and Unfinished Business in 2004, <mask> released TP.3 Reloaded in July 2005. It became <mask>'s fifth consecutive number-one album in his career.TP.3 Reloaded was heavily cross-promoted by the first five chapters of the hip-hopera, Trapped in the Closet, which would later expand to other chapters for years to come. 2006–2009: Double Up and Untitled, Africa In December 2006, <mask> built momentum for his eighth solo studio album, Double Up, after guest-appearing on Bow Wow's "I'm a Flirt". Three months later, <mask>'s remix of "I'm a Flirt" was released, but instead of Bow Wow, it features T.I. and T-Pain. On May 29, 2007, the album was released. It became <mask>'s sixth and final album in his career to be number one on the Billboard 200. <mask>'s other singles from Double Up titled "Same Girl" was a duet of <mask> and Usher, while "Rise Up" was a tribute to the victims of the Virginia Tech shooting that occurred earlier that year in April, a month before the album was released.The song was previously released as a digital download on May 15, 2007. Proceeds were donated to the Hokie Spirit Memorial Fund to help family members of the victims of the shootings. <mask> began his Double Up tour with Ne-Yo, Keyshia Cole and J. Holiday opening for him. After two shows, promoter <mask> had Ne-Yo removed from the tour because of a contract dispute. However, Ne-Yo alleges that the reason for the dropout was because Ne-Yo believes he received a better response from critics and fans, even though he performed at just two shows. Ne-Yo filed a lawsuit against Rowe Entertainment.<mask> was not mentioned in the lawsuit. In December 2007, <mask> failed to appear at another preliminary court hearing on his case due to his tour bus being held up in Utah. The judge threatened to revoke <mask>'s bond, but eventually decided against it. In 2008, <mask> released a rap track titled "I'm a Beast" in which he coarsely attacked his detractors, yet did not name the subjects of the song. In 2008, before and after being acquitted on child pornography charges, Billboard reported that <mask> had plans to release his newest album titled 12 Play: Fourth Quarter in the summer of that year but the album was postponed. Billboard named <mask> among the most successful artists ever for its 50th Anniversary List. In the spring, the promotional single "Hair Braider", peaked at No.56 on Billboard's R&B chart. On July 28, the entire album leaked online, causing the title to be scrapped. In February 2009, <mask> announced that he was working on a new album called Untitled with a projected release date of September 29, but it had been delayed to December. In June 2009, he released his first mixtape, The "Demo" Tape, presented by DJ Skee and DJ Drama. <mask> headlined the Arise African Fashion Awards in Johannesburg, South Africa, on June 20, 2009. He performed in Cape Town, followed by Nigeria as part of the annual ThisDay music and fashion festival in July. That same month, he released "Number One", featuring singer-songwriter Keri Hilson.Then, on December 1, <mask>'s untitled ninth solo album was released. It charted on the Billboard 200 at number four. More singles from the album include "Echo", "Supaman High" and "Be My #1". In January 2010, <mask> performed in Kampala, Uganda. "I'm very excited about my first visit to Africa, I've dreamed about this for a long time and it's finally here", <mask> said in a statement. "It will be one of the highlights of not only my career but my life. I can't wait to perform in front of my fans in Africa—who have been some of the best in the world."2010–2012: Epic, Love Letter, throat surgery, and Write Me Back <mask> performed at the 2010 FIFA World Cup opening ceremony on June 11, 2010. In an interview in the September 2010 issue of XXL magazine, <mask> said he was working on three new albums (Epic, Love Letter, and Zodiac) which he described as "remixing himself". Epic, a compilation filled with powerful ballads including "The World's Greatest" and "Sign of a Victory", only saw a European release on September 21, 2010. However, it is also available for streaming worldwide. In November 2010, <mask> collaborated with several African musicians forming a supergroup known as One8. The group featured 2Face from Nigeria, Ali Kiba from Tanzania, Congolese singer Fally Ipupa, 4X4 from Ghana, hip-hop artist Movaizhaleine from Gabon, Zambia's JK, Ugandan hip-hop star Navio and Kenya's Amani, the only female in the group. The first release from the group was "Hands Across the World" written and produced by <mask>.<mask>'s tenth album Love Letter, released on December 14, 2010, included 15 songs, one of which was <mask> singing "You Are Not Alone", a track <mask> originally wrote for Michael Jackson. The first single "When a Woman Loves" was nominated for a Grammy for Best Traditional R&B Vocal Performance at the 53rd Annual Grammy Awards. At the 2011 Pre-Grammy Gala in Los Angeles, <mask> performed a medley of hits and in March 2011, <mask> was named the #1 R&B artist of the last 25 years by Billboard. On July 19, 2011, <mask> was admitted to the Northwestern Memorial Hospital in Chicago to undergo emergency throat surgery to drain an abscess on one of his tonsils, and was released on July 21, 2011. He cancelled his performance at the Reggae Sumfest in Jamaica that was scheduled for the following Friday. Johnny Gourzong, Sumfest Productions executive director, commented, "We are truly going to miss his presence on the festival." On September 23, 2011, Variety confirmed that <mask> had signed on to write original music for the Sparkle soundtrack.In 2011, <mask> worked with writer <mask> on an autobiography entitled Soulacoaster: The Diary of Me, which was later released in the summer of 2012. On October 7, 2011, after Sony's RCA Music Group announced the consolidation of Jive, Arista and J Records into RCA Records, <mask> was set to release music under the RCA brand. Following his throat surgery, <mask> released "Shut Up" to generally favorable reviews: Spin magazine said, "<mask> taking aim at the haters who said "he's washed up, he's lost it." He hasn't. Dude's voice is in prime smooth R&B form". On December 21, 2011, <mask> made a live appearance on The X Factor and gave his first performance after the surgery. <mask> revealed to Rolling Stone that he felt like he was "just starting out" and how the performance was a "wake up call" for him.In 2012, <mask> made a series of announcements including a follow-up to the Love Letter album titled Write Me Back, which was released on June 26 to little fanfare, as well as a third installment of the Trapped in the Closet and The Single Ladies Tour featuring R&B singer, Tamia. In February 2012, <mask> performed "I Look to You", a song he wrote for Whitney Houston, at Houston's homegoing. 2013–2016: Black Panties, The Buffet, and 12 Nights of Christmas During 2013, <mask> continued his "The Single Ladies Tour". He performed at music festivals across North America, including Bonnaroo, Pitchfork, and Macy's Music Festival. On June 30, 2013, R<mask> performed live at BET Awards Show singing hits as well as his new track "My Story" featuring Atlanta rapper 2 Chainz. The song was the lead single for <mask>'s twelfth studio album Black Panties. released on December 10, 2013.Writing for New York magazine, David Marchese stated that Black Panties "was like a dare to the world: After all that he’d been accused of, after avoiding conviction, could R<mask> still get away with making sex-obsessed music?" In 2013, <mask> collaborated with several artists including Celine Dion, Mariah Carey, Mary J. Blige, and Jennifer Hudson. In an interview with Global Grind in November, he described follow up work with Celine Dion after their number one single "I'm Your Angel" from 1998. <mask> worked with singer Mariah Carey for her album "The Art of Letting Go". <mask> co-wrote and sang on Lady Gaga's song "Do What U Want" from her 2013 album Artpop, performing the duet with her on Saturday Night Live on November 16, 2013, and at the 2013 American Music Awards. "Do What U Want" had since been removed from streaming services and re-releases of Gaga's Artpop album following sexual misconduct allegations against <mask> in early 2019. He also collaborated with Birdman and Lil Wayne on "We Been On", a single from the Cash Money Records compilation, Rich Gang.He also appeared on Twista's first single on his new album "Dark Horse". On November 17, 2013, <mask> and Justin Bieber debuted a collaboration entitled "PYD". <mask> was featured on the soundtrack album of the film The Best Man Holiday with his song "Christmas, I'll Be Steppin'". <mask> stated his intention to tour with R&B singer Mary J. Blige on "The King & Queen Tour" prior to the Black Panties Tour while continuing to create segments of the hip hopera Trapped in the Closet. In July 2014, <mask> announced that he was working on a house music album. In November 2015, <mask> released "Switch Up" featuring fellow Chicagoan Jeremih and Lil Wayne, followed by "Wake Up Everybody", "Marching Band" and "Backyard Party". The following month, the album containing those singles, The Buffet, was released.It charted poorly on the Billboard 200 at number sixteen with first-week sales of 39,000 album-equivalent copies. The following year, after a two-and-a-half-year delay, <mask> presented his only Christmas album, also his fourteenth and final studio album in his career, 12 Nights of Christmas, which was released on October 21, 2016. In 2019, <mask> was dropped from RCA Records following the airing of Surviving R<mask>, which detailed numerous sexual assault allegations against the singer for decades. As of October 2021, following his New York conviction, <mask>'s YouTube channel was terminated, but his catalogue remains available on YouTube Music. Artistry Musical style and influences <mask>'s music took root in R&B, hip hop and soul. He was influenced by listening to his mother, <mask>, sing. She played records by Donny Hathaway and Marvin Gaye, inspirations for <mask>.In reference to Hathaway, <mask> stated: "A guy like Donny Hathaway had a focused, sexual texture in his voice that I always wanted in mine. He had smooth, soulful tones, but he was spiritual at the same time." In his autobiography, <mask> stated that he was heavily influenced by Marvin Gaye's R&B Lothario image. "I had to make a 'baby-makin' album. If Marvin Gaye did it, I wanted to do it", <mask> said. While <mask> created a smooth, professional mixture of hip-hop beats, soulman crooning and funk, the most distinctive element of his music is its explicit sensuality. "Sex Me", "Bump n' Grind", "Your Body's Callin'", and "Feelin' on Yo Booty" are considered to be examples, as their productions were seductive enough to sell such blatant come-ons.<mask>'s crossover appeal was also sustained by his development of a flair for pop balladry. Vocal style and lyrical themes Writing for the New York Daily News in 1997, Nunyo Demasio stated "With a voice that easily shifts from booming baritone to seductive alto, <mask> has gained international celebrity by combining streetwise rhythms with sexually explicit lyrics." Love and sex are the topics of the majority of <mask>'s lyrical content, although he has written about a wide variety of themes such as inspiration and spirituality. Chicago Sun-Times reporters <mask> and Abdon Pallasch observed about the contrasting themes: "... the image he liked to project was that of the "R&B Thug"... bringing the streetwise persona of the gangsta rapper into the more polite world of R&B." <mask> expressed that he writes from everyday experiences and prides himself on being versatile. Larry Khan, senior vice president of Jive's urban marketing and promotion, said that <mask>'s musical compass is second to none. <mask> and Pallasch reported that at concerts where <mask> would go from singing "Like a Real Freak" to "I Wish": "Many fans found these abrupt shifts between the transcendent and the venal, the inspirational and the X-rated jarring."Sexual abuse allegations <mask> has repeatedly faced allegations of sexual abuse that have resulted in multiple civil suits and criminal trials. Early reports of sexual abuse (1990s) In December 2000, the Chicago Sun-Times first reported that police had made two investigations that <mask> was having sex with an underage female but had to drop the investigations due to lack of cooperation by the girls accusing him. A civil suit filed in 1996 by Tiffany Hawkins detailed allegations that, starting in 1991 when she was age 15, <mask> had sex with her as an underage high school student, encouraged her to recruit her schools friends, and pressured her into engaging in group sex with other underage girls. In 1998, <mask> settled the lawsuit with Hawkins for $250,000. Illegal marriage (1994) <mask> had been introduced to a promising young singer from Detroit named Aaliyah by her uncle, Barry Hankerson, when she was 12 years old. During <mask>'s 2021 criminal trial for sex trafficking and racketeering, a witness testified that <mask> had sexual contact with Aaliyah starting when she was 13 or 14 years old. <mask> wrote and produced Aaliyah's first album, Age Ain't Nothing but a Number, in 1994.On August 31, 1994, <mask>, then 27, illegally married Aaliyah, then 15, in a secret ceremony in Cook County, Illinois. <mask>'s tour manager, Demetrius Smith, admitted he facilitated the wedding by obtaining falsified identification for Aaliyah which listed her as 18 years old. In 2019, a contemporaneous video surfaced showing <mask> stating—less than a year before the marriage took place—that Aaliyah was 14 years old. The marriage was annulled in February 1995 at the behest of Aaliyah's family by a Michigan judge. <mask> and Aaliyah, however, both denied that the marriage occurred and even denied that their relationship had ever moved beyond friendship. In May 1997, Aaliyah filed a lawsuit in Cook County to have the marriage record expunged, stating that she was underage at the time of marriage, had lied by signing the marriage certificate as an 18-year-old, and that she could not legally enter into marriage without parental consent. The expungement request was included in a lawsuit filed by Tiffany Hawkins, who sought to use the marriage documents in her case against <mask>.Hawkins later accepted a settlement of $250,000 from <mask>, subject to a confidentiality agreement, in 1998. In 2019, federal prosecutors in New York charged <mask> with bribery related to the 1994 purchase of a fake ID for Aaliyah in order to obtain a marriage license. <mask>, through his lawyers, admitted in 2021 to having had 'underage sexual contact' with Aaliyah. Sex tape circulates (2002) On February 3, 2002, a video circulated that allegedly showed <mask> engaging in sex with, and urinating on, an underage girl. After the video was released by an unknown source and sent to the Chicago Sun-Times, the publisher broke the story on February 8, 2002, the same day <mask> performed at the opening ceremony of the 2002 Winter Olympics. <mask> said in interviews that he was not the man in the video. First criminal indictment (2002) In June 2002, <mask> was indicted in Chicago on 21 counts of child pornography.That same month on June 6, 2002, <mask> was arrested by the Miami Police Department on a Chicago arrest warrant at his Florida vacation home. He was released after one night in jail, the following day after posting bail of $750,000. The alleged victim refused to testify at the trial, and a Chicago jury found <mask> not guilty on all 14 counts of child pornography in June 2008. While investigating the photographs reported in the Chicago Sun-Times, Polk County Sheriff's Office conducted a search of <mask>'s residence in Davenport, Florida. During the search, officers recovered 12 images of an alleged underage girl on a digital camera – wrapped in a towel in a duffel bag – which allegedly depicted <mask> "involved in sexual conduct with the female minor." According to the Chicago Sun-Times, the girl in the images obtained from <mask>'s Florida home also appears in the videotape which got <mask> indicted in Chicago. <mask> was arrested on January 22, 2003, by Police investigators from Polk County and Miami-Dade County, at Miami's Wyndham Grand Bay Hotel on those charges of 12 counts of possession of child pornography.<mask> was later released from Miami-Dade county jail hours after on a bond posted of $12,000. In March 2004, these charges were dropped due to a lack of probable cause for the search warrants. Allegations of preteen girl molestation (2009) In a divorce court filing unsealed in 2020, R<mask>'s former wife Andrea claims that R<mask> was accused of molesting a preteen girl in 2009. Huffington Post Live Interview (2015) In December 2015, <mask> appeared on Huffington Post Live in an interview with journalist Caroline Modarressy-Tehrani. The interview was so he could promote the release of his latest album The Buffet. However, during the interview, Modarressy-Tehrani quizzed <mask> about the sexual abuse allegations being levelled against him and wanted to gauge his reaction. This resulted in <mask> growing angry and defensive.He continually shouted over Modarressy-Tehrani, asked her whether she drank and threatened to leave and go to McDonalds. <mask> ultimately stormed out of the interview before it ended. This was one of the first occasions where <mask> was concretely asked about the allegations against him on a public platform. After <mask>'s 2021 conviction, Modarressy-Tehrani tweeted: "Now, with this verdict, hopefully, his survivors get some peace and feel this justice. Alleged sex cult (2010s) <mask> reported for BuzzFeed News on July 17, 2017, that <mask> was accused by three sets of parents of holding their daughters in an "abusive cult". <mask> and the alleged victims deny the allegations. In March 2018, BBC World Service aired a documentary entitled R Kelly: Sex, Girls and Videotapes presented by reporter Ben Zand that explored the 2017 allegations.This was followed up in May with the BBC Three documentary <mask>: The Sex Scandal Continues which included interviews with the parents of the Savage daughters. <mask> was again accused of misconduct on April 17, 2018, by a former partner of his who claimed that <mask> "intentionally" infected her with a sexually transmitted disease. A representative for <mask> stated that he "categorically denies all claims and allegations". In a January 2019 BBC News article, a woman named Asante McGee whom <mask> had met in 2014 and taken to live with him some months later, said that she lived with not only <mask> alone, but with other women. She said: "He controlled every aspect of my life, while I lived with him." McGee later moved out on her own accord. Boycott and industry response In May 2018, the Women of Color branch of the Time's Up movement called for a boycott of <mask>'s music and performances over the many allegations against him.The boycott was accompanied by a social media campaign called Mute R. <mask>. In response, his management said that <mask> supports the movement in principle, but targeting him was "the attempted lynching of a black man who has made extraordinary contributions to our culture". The music streaming service Spotify announced on May 10, 2018, that it was going to stop promoting or recommending music by both R. <mask> and XXXTentacion. Spotify stated, "We don't censor content because of an artist's or creator's behavior, but we want our editorial decisions—what we choose to program—to reflect our values." Two days later, Apple Music and Pandora also announced that they will no longer be featuring or promoting R. <mask>'s music. Spotify received criticism from members of the music industry who expressed worries of a "slippery slope" of muting artists, since R. <mask> had not ever actually been convicted of any crime. Spotify ultimately reversed this decision.Allegations of music industry complicity The Washington Post ran a lengthy article in May 2018, alleging that music industry executives had been aware of <mask>'s sexually abusive behavior toward young women for years but did little or nothing about them due to his success as a performer and songwriter. As early as 1994, the newspaper reported, his tour manager had urged Jive Records' founder Clive Calder to tell <mask> he would not release the singer's records if he continued to have "incidents" with women after every concert he gave. Calder told the Post that he regretted not having done more at the time, saying "Clearly, we missed something." Former Jive president Barry Weiss told the newspaper that during 20 years with the label he never concerned himself with <mask>'s private life and was unaware of two lawsuits filed against <mask> and the label by women alleging sexual misconduct, suits in which the label had successfully argued it was not liable. Larry Khan, another Jive executive who worked closely with the singer even after viewing the sex tape, likewise implied it was not the label's responsibility, and pointed to Chuck Berry and Jerry Lee Lewis as musicians whose labels continued to release and promote their records despite public awareness that they were involved with underage girls. Executives at Epic Records also took a similarly relaxed attitude towards allegations of <mask>'s sexual misconduct, the Post claimed. In 2002, after he signed with the label, executive David McPherson allegedly avoided viewing a copy of a tape purportedly showing the singer having sex with an underage girl, even as he had warned <mask>'s assistant that if it turned out to be <mask> on that tape, the label would drop him.McPherson did not respond to the Posts requests for comment. An intern with the label whose work suffered after she began a relationship with <mask>, ultimately costing her the position, settled with Epic for $250,000; Cathy Carroll, the executive she worked for, regularly rebuked her former subordinate for having an affair with a married man whenever the two met at social functions for years afterwards, and the damage to the woman's reputation led her to abandon her career in the music industry. Carroll told the newspaper the woman was "starstruck ... A lot of times it's not really the men." The Washington Post also suggested the labels were complicit in the sex-cult allegations from the previous summer's BuzzFeed piece. Employees at the studios where <mask> recorded were required to sign non-disclosure agreements and not enter certain rooms, which they said they believed were where <mask> made the women stay while he worked. Despite the agreements, the newspaper was able to publish screenshots of text exchanges where women in the rooms asked <mask>'s assistants to let them out so they could go to the bathroom or get food. The newspaper also published pictures taken after <mask> had concluded a six-week session at a Los Angeles studio, paid for by his then-current label, RCA Records, showing a cup of urine sitting on a piano and urine stains on the wooden floor of another room.Musical response to allegations <mask> released the 19-minute long "I Admit" on SoundCloud on July 23, 2018, as a response to his accusers. The song does not contain any criminal admissions despite its title and chorus, which repeats the lyric "I admit it, I did it". In "I Admit", <mask> denies allegations of domestic violence and pedophilia, asserting that they are matters of opinion. <mask> also denounces <mask> and repudiates his investigative report's claim of <mask> operating a "sex cult". Addressing the Mute R. <mask> social media campaign, <mask> sings, "only God can mute me". The song was criticized by reviewers, who described it as an act of trolling. <mask> and Carey Killa <mask>, R. <mask>'s ex-wife and brother, responded to "I Admit" with a remix and a diss track.Surviving R<mask> (2019–2020) In January 2019, Lifetime began airing a six-part documentary series titled Surviving R. <mask> detailing sexual abuse and misconduct allegations against <mask>. Writing for the Los Angeles Times, Loraine Ali observed that the series covered a range of in-depth interviews that "paint a picture of a predator whose behavior was consistently overlooked by the industry, his peers and the public while his spiritual hit was sung in churches and schools." Within two weeks, <mask> launched a Facebook page where he sought to discredit the accusers who appeared in the docuseries. Facebook removed the page for violating their standards as it appeared to contain personal contact information for his accusers. The second season titled Surviving R. <mask> Part II: The Reckoning premiered on January 2, 2020. Following airing of the Surviving R. <mask> documentary, <mask> was listed in Guinness World Records as the most searched for male musician on Google in 2019. He ranked 8th overall on Google's list of the 10 most search for people for the year.Second series of criminal charges (2019–2021) On February 22, 2019, the Cook County State's Attorney's Office in Illinois charged <mask> with 10 counts of aggravated criminal sexual abuse. The charges allege that from 1998 to 2010, <mask> sexually abused four females, three of whom were teen minors at the time, with evidence including a video provided by Michael Avenatti of an alleged new crime. After <mask> turned himself in the day the charges were announced, he was arrested by the Chicago Police Department and taken into custody. The judge set bond at $1 million and ordered <mask> to have no contact with any minor under 18 or alleged victim. <mask> pleaded not guilty to all charges, which he called lies. He was released on bail after three nights in jail at Cook County. On March 6, 2019, Gayle King interviewed <mask> on CBS This Morning, where he insisted on his innocence and blamed social media for the allegations.During the interview, <mask> had an emotional outburst where he stood up, pounded his chest, and yelled. Two women who described themselves as a <mask>'s girlfriends and whose parents say are brainwashed captives, declared their love for <mask> and defended him during the broadcast. On July 11, 2019, <mask> was arrested on federal charges alleging sex crimes and obstruction of justice by U.S. Homeland Security investigators and NYPD detectives in Chicago. On July 12, 2019, federal prosecutors from New York and Chicago indicted <mask> on 18 charges, including child sexual exploitation, child pornography production, sex trafficking, kidnapping, forced labor, racketeering, and obstruction of justice. He was first denied bail in October 2019 and denied bail release again in April 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Superseding indictments were filed in Chicago on February 13, 2020, and in New York on March 13, 2020, raising the total number of charges to 22.He was incarcerated at Metropolitan Correctional Center, Chicago from July 11, 2019, to June 23, 2021. On June 23, 2021, <mask> was transferred to Metropolitan Detention Center, Brooklyn. On August 5, 2019, the State's Attorney Office in Hennepin County, Minnesota charged <mask> with soliciting a minor and prostitution; prosecutors alleged that in July 2001, following a concert in Minneapolis, <mask> had invited a girl up to his hotel room and paid her $200 to remove her clothing and dance with him. In July 2021, Federal prosecutors asked the court to include alleged evidence of bribes, recordings of threats and more allegations of sexual abuse of minors, including an underaged boy he met at McDonald's, as pattern evidence in his trial. Criminal conviction (2021) The federal trial began on August 18, 2021. After weeks of testimony and two days of deliberations, on September 27, 2021, the jury found <mask> guilty on nine counts including racketeering, sexual exploitation of a child, kidnapping, bribery, sex trafficking, and a violation of the Mann Act. The judge ordered that <mask> remain in custody pending sentencing, which was set for May 4, 2022.After the jury delivered their verdict, women's rights attorney Gloria Allred, who represented several victims, stated that <mask> was the worst sexual predator she had pursued in her 47-year career of practicing law. Other legal issues After a July 1996 brawl at a Lafayette, Louisiana health club involving <mask> and his entourage, <mask> was placed on a year's unsupervised probation starting August 13, 1997, after being found guilty of battery. One of the victims needed 110 facial stitches. Also that year, a 20-year-old accused <mask> in civil court of having sexual relations with her when he was 24 and she was 15. <mask> settled the lawsuit in 1998 for $250,000, according to the Chicago Sun-Times. On April 8, 1998, <mask> was arrested on three misdemeanor charges of disorderly conduct, including one charge on violating noise ordinance for playing his music extremely loud from his car. Prosecutors from the district attorney's office dropped the first two charges on May 7 and the noise charge on July 22 that year.On March 6, 2019, <mask> <mask> is considered to be one of the most successful R&B artists since the mid-1980s. He is also one of the best-selling music artists in the United States, with over 30 million albums sold, as well as only the fifth black artist to enter the top 50 of the same list. Rolling Stone magazine called him "arguably the most important R&B figure of the 1990s and 2000s." Music executive Barry Weiss described <mask> as "the modern-day Prince, although there's a bit of Marvin Gaye in him, and a bit of Irving Berlin."In addition to his solo and collaboration success, <mask> has also written and produced several hit songs, such as "Fortunate" for Maxwell, "You Are Not Alone" for Michael Jackson, "G.H.E.T.T.O.U.T." for Changing Faces, "Bump, Bump, Bump" for B2K, and many more. R<mask> has been compared to artists like Sam Cooke and Marvin Gaye. Personal life <mask>'s mother, Joanne, died from cancer in 1993. He has given conflicting accounts of where he was during his mother's passing. In 1996, <mask> married <mask>, his former backup dancer and mother of his three children. Andrea filed a restraining order against <mask> in September 2005 after a physical altercation, ultimately filing for divorce in 2006.In January 2009, after separating in the fall of 2005, <mask> and his wife <mask> finalized their divorce after 11 years of marriage. Charity and donations In 2007, <mask> released the song "Rise Up" for Virginia Tech after the 2007 school shooting, and donated the net proceeds to the families of the victims. In 2010, <mask> penned the song "Sign of a Victory" for the FIFA World Cup, with all proceeds benefiting African charities. In 2011, he performed at a charity event in Chicago benefiting Clara's House, a now-shuttered (Jan 2018) facility designed to build employment, housing, health care, and education in the projects of Chicago. In 2016, <mask> donated cases of water to the Flint water crisis. Honors and awards <mask> has been awarded and nominated for multiple awards during his career, as a songwriter, producer, and singer. He was granted three Grammy Awards for his song "I Believe I Can Fly": Best Male R&B Vocal Performance, Best Rhythm and Blues Song, and Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television.Discography Studio albums Born into the 90's (1992) (with Public Announcement) 12 Play (1993) R. <mask> (1995) R. (1998) TP-2.com (2000) The Best of Both Worlds (2002) (with Jay-Z) Chocolate Factory (2003) Happy People/U Saved Me (2004) Unfinished Business (2004) (with Jay-Z) TP.3 Reloaded (2005) Double Up (2007) Untitled (2009) Love Letter (2010) Write Me Back (2012) Black Panties (2013) The Buffet (2015) 12 Nights of Christmas (2016) Filmography Books Soulacoaster: The Diary of Me (2012, autobiography) Tours 60653 Tour (w/ Public Announcement) (1993) The 12 Play Very Necessary Tour (with Salt-N-Pepa) (1994) The Down Low Top Secret Tour (with LL Cool J, Xscape, and Solo) (1996) The Get Up on a Room Tour (with <mask>, Nas, Foxy Brown, and Deborah Cox) (1999) The TP-2.com Tour (with Sunshine Anderson & Syleena Johnson) (2001) The Key in the Ignition Tour (with Ashanti) (2003) The Best Of Both Worlds Tour (w/ Jay-Z) (2004) The Light It Up Tour (2006) The Double Up Tour (with J.

<mask> is an American singer, songwriter, record producer and convicted sex offender. He has been credited with helping to redefine R&B and hip hop, earning nicknames such as "the King of R&B", "the King of Pop-soul", and the "Piedpiper of R&B". <mask>'s songs include "I Believe I Can Fly", "Bump N' Grind", "Your Body's Callin'", "Gotham City", "Ignition (Remix)", and "The World". "I Believe I Can Fly" won three Grammys in 1998. <mask> has written, produced, and remixed songs, singles, and albums for other artists. He was nominated for a Grammys in 1996 for his work on Michael Jackson's song "You Are Not Alone". <mask> has sold over 75 million records, making him the most successful R&B male artist of the 1990s and one of the world's best-selling music artists.In 2010, <mask> was considered the most successful R&B artist in history and was listed as the Top R&B/ Hip Hop Artist for the time period between 1985 and 2010. He was the 55th best-selling music artist in the United States in 2012 with over 32 million album sales. <mask> has been accused of sexual abuse many times. He has been charged in criminal courts in Chicago, New York, Illinois, and Minnesota. He denied all the charges. He was indicted on child pornography charges in 2002. He was acquitted six years later.The Lifetime docuseries Surviving R<mask> detailed allegations of sexual abuse by multiple women, allegations that <mask> continued to deny. <mask> was dropped by RCA Records because of public pressure. <mask> was indicted by a Cook County grand jury in Chicago on 10 counts of criminal sexual abuse in February, followed by an additional 11 counts of sexual assault and abuse in May. He was charged with sex crimes, human traffickers, child pornography, and obstruction of justice. There were 22 federal criminal charges against <mask> as of January 29, 2021. <mask> was jailed pending trial on the charges. On September 27, 2021, a federal jury in New York found <mask> guilty on nine counts including racketeering, sexual exploitation of a child, kidnapping, bribery, sex trafficking, and a violation of the Mann Act.The judge ordered that he remain in custody until his sentencing. There will be a second trial for producing child pornography in August 2022. <mask> was born at Chicago Lying-in Hospital in the Hyde Park neighborhood on the South Side of Chicago on January 8, 1967. There are three half-siblings, an older sister and brother, and a younger brother. His mother was a Baptist. She was born in Arkansas. <mask>'s father, who was absent from his life, is not known.The Ida B. was where his family lived. There is a public housing project in Chicago. <mask>'s mother married Lucious when he was five years old. <mask> started singing in the church choir when she was eight. <mask> had a girlfriend at age eight in his book. He stated that after fighting with older children over a play area by a creek, she was pushed into the water, swept downstream by a fast- moving current, and drowned. <mask> said that he was his first musical inspiration.When his mother and grandparents weren't home, members of his household would act differently. He was sexually abused by an older female family member when he was young. Carey said that he was sexually abused by his older sister, Theresa, who was responsible for babysitting his siblings. Although their older brother was spared and allowed to play outside, both he and <mask> were punished at different times indoors by Theresa, who refused to acknowledge the abuse when confronted years later. <mask> wrote in his 2012 autobiography that he was too afraid and ashamed to tell anyone. <mask> was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 At age 11, <mask> was shot in the shoulder by boys who were attempting to steal his bike, although a family friend later stated that Kelly had shot himself while attempting suicide.<mask> was encouraged to perform Stevie Wonder's "Ribbon in the Sky" in the high school talent show by his music teacher. A shy <mask> put on sunglasses, was escorted onto the stage, and won the first prize. McLin told <mask> to leave the basketball team and concentrate on music. She said he was angry at first, but after his performance in the talent show, he changed his mind. <mask> dropped out of high school after one year. He was performing in the subway. He used to busk at the "L" stop on the Red Line.<mask> sang "It's So Hard to Say Goodbye to Yesterday" at the funeral of Ben Wilson, the Illinois state champion basketball player. In the 90's, 12 Play and R. Kelly MGM was formed with <mask> and others. After the release of MGM's single, "Why you wanna play me", the group broke up. <mask> gained national attention in 1989 when she was on the talent show Big Break. The group won the $100,000 grand prize after MGM performed a demo for <mask>'s song. <mask> signed with a record label. R. <mask>'s debut album Born into the 90's was released in 1992.During the new jack swing period of the early 1990s, the album yielded the R&B hits "She's Got That Vibe", "Honey Love", "Dedicated", and "Slow Dance (Hey Mr. DJ)", with <mask> singing lead vocals. <mask> and Public Announcement embarked on a tour after the zip code of their Chicago neighborhood. This album was co-credited with Public Announcement. <mask> left the group in January 1993. <mask>'s first solo album, 12 Play, was released on November 9, 1993 and yielded the singer's first number-one hit, "Bump N' Grind", which spent a record-breaking 12 weeks at number one on the Hot R&B Singles chart. "Your Body's Callin'" was a hit. The U.S. R&B song "Sex Me" is on the Hot 100.The Hot 100 is ranked by the U.S. R&B. Both singles sold half a million copies in the US and were certified gold by the RIAA. 12 Play went six times Platinum after it was certified Gold by the RIAA in 1994. Michael Jackson's last number one hit "You Are Not Alone" was written and produced by <mask>. The November 14, 1995 release of R<mask> was <mask>'s second studio album. Critics praised him for embracing vulnerability. <mask> is the reigning king of pop-soul sex talks a lot tougher than Barry White, the father of such fluffed-up pillow talk and other major influences for <mask>, according to a New York Times contributor.Professor Michael Eric Dyson was a critic of <mask>'s album. <mask>'s growth from the 12 Play album was described by Dyson as "reborn before our very own ears." The album was 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 was 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 was 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 "You remind me of something" is one of the three Platinum hit singles from the R. <mask> album. "I Can't Sleep Baby (If I)" is on the Hot 100. The U.S. R&B song "Down Low ( Nobody Has To Know)" is on the Hot 100. Hot 100: #1, U.S. R&B; a duet with Ronald Isley.Four million copies of <mask>'s self-titled album were certified by the RIAA. He had a 50-city "Down Low Top Secret Tour" with LL Cool J, Xscape, and Solo. On November 26, 1996, <mask> released "I Believe I Can Fly", a song originally released on the soundtrack for the film Space Jam. "I believe I can fly" made it to the top. 2 on the Hot 100. 1 was on the UK charts for three weeks. He contributed to the A Thin Line Between Love and Hate soundtrack.<mask> signed a contract to play professional basketball with the Atlantic City Seagulls in 1997. He wore the number 12 in honor of his album. <mask> said "I love basketball so much that I just put it to the side for a minute and fulfill some of my dreams that I've had for a long time." There was a clause in <mask>'s contract that would allow him to fulfill a music obligation. "If Whitney Houston needs a song written, he would be able to leave the team to do that and come back", said Ken Gross, the Seagulls owner who signed <mask>. "He's a ball player", Gross said. He can play.<mask> is the first musician to play basketball. <mask> wrote and produced the debut album of Sparkle, which was released under his Rockland label and distributed through Interscope. The first single, "Be Careful", a duet with <mask>, went to Platinum in 2000. On November 17, 1998, <mask> released his fourth studio and first double album, R. The most ambitious project of his career was described by Dave Hoekstra of the Los Angeles Times. <mask> had a number of new awards reflecting his status as an established R&B superstar. He won Favorite Male R&B Artist at the American Music Awards in January 2000 and was nominated for several awards in February.<mask>'s fifth studio album, TP-2.com, was released on November 7, 2000. All of the songs on TP-2.com were written, arranged, and produced by <mask>. "<mask> knows how to take proven formulas and funnel them through his own aesthetic, which usually means slowing down the tempo, laying on lush choruses of strings and background vocals, and taming down the lyrics for radio," stated AllMusic's Jason Birchmeier. In 2001, <mask> won the Outstanding Achievement Award at the Music of Black Origin or MOBO Awards and TP-2.com was ranked 94 on the magazine's Top 200 Albums of the Decade. <mask>'s song "The World's Greatest" from the 2001 Ali film was a hit. Rockland Records was launched in 1998 by <mask>. In 1998, the label's first artist, Sparkle, released her debut album.<mask>'s vocal contribution to the hit duet "Be Careful" contributed to the album's success. In December 2000 the album was certified Platinum. In 1999, he wrote and produced the soundtrack to Life, a movie about Martin Lawrence and Eddie Murphy. The Rockland label released the soundtrack. On January 24, 2002, at a press conference announcing The Best of Both Worlds completion, celebrities such as Johnnie Cochran, <mask>, Luther Vandross, and Sean Combs praised the album. If Jay and <mask> can put their egos to the side long enough to wrap up and promote their album, then their labels can surely figure out a way to join forces and make cheddar together. On February 8, 2002, <mask> performed at the closing ceremony of the 2002 Winter Olympics at the same time a news scandal broke of a sex tape that appeared to show <mask> with an underaged girl.The album's release date was changed in March 2002 because of the leak. Jay-Z told MTV News that the leak was the gift and the curse. It's an honor that everyone wants your music fast, but it's another thing when the music gets out before you. That's your art. You feel connected to it. You want people to support it because you feel that way. It's like a piece of your life when you take it.It's frustrating that you put parts of your life on these records and then for it to be traded and moved around. The Best of Both Worlds album sold 285,000 copies in its opening week and was the second best selling album of the year. It was a disappointment. In November 2002, <mask>'s sixth studio album was delayed after it was leaked. <mask> restructured the entire album, including its title, to make it a bonus disc for the Chocolate Factory. <mask>'s single, "Ignition", was re-released in October of that year. It was number two on the Hot 100.The album, Chocolate Factory, was released in February of 2003 The first two-week run of 50 Cent's Get Rich or Die Tryin' ended at number one. In its first week, it sold 532,000 copies. The album's follow-up singles, "Snake" and "Step in the Name of Love", both peaked at number nine on the Hot 100. The R. in R&B Collection, Vol. was <mask>'s first greatest hits album. One of the songs is "Thoia Thoing". Between mid-2003 and early 2004, <mask> began work on another double CD album, one with "happy" tracks and another with "inspirational" tracks.On August 24, 2004, Happy People/U Saved Me was released. It sold 264,000 copies in its first week on the market. "U Saved Me" peaked at number fifty-two on the Hot 100 and "Happy People" peaked at number twenty-nine on the Adult R&B song chart. Their second album, Unfinished Business, was released two months later. Despite being a commercial failure, the album was still number one on the Billboard 200. The promotion of the album and its Best of Both Worlds tour was plagued by tension between the stars, with <mask> reportedly showing up late or not at all. <mask> accused the tour's lighting director of hitting him because the touring lights weren't directed towards him.A member of Jay-Z's team sprayed <mask> with pepper on October 29, 2004. Smith took a plea deal for disorderly conduct. <mask> launched a $75-million lawsuit against Jay-Z for removing him from the tour; Jay-Z's counter suit was dismissed by a judge. After appearing on Ja <mask>'s single, "Wonderful," <mask> redeemed himself. The song went to number five on the Hot 100 and went to number one in the UK. TP.3 Reloaded was released in July 2005 after <mask> finished Happy People/U Saved Me and Unfinished Business. It was <mask>'s fifth consecutive number-one album.TP.3 Reloaded was promoted by the first five chapters of the hip-hopera, which would later expand to other chapters for years to come. Double Up and Untitled, Africa was <mask>'s eighth studio album and was released in December of 2006 <mask>'s version of "I'm a flirt" was released three months later, but instead of Bow Wow, it featured T.I. And T-Pain. On May 29, 2007, the album was released. It was <mask>'s sixth and final album to be number one. "Same Girl" was a duet of <mask> and Usher, and "Rise Up" was a tribute to the victims of the Virginia Tech shooting that occurred in April, a month before the album was released.On May 15, 2007, the song was released as a digital download. The Hokie Spirit Memorial Fund was established to help family members of the victims of the shootings. Ne-Yo, Keyshia Cole and J were on <mask>'s Double Up tour. The holiday opens for him. Ne-Yo was removed from the tour because of a contract dispute. Ne-Yo claims that he received a better response from fans and critics than he did at the two shows he performed. Ne-Yo filed a lawsuit.<mask> wasn't mentioned in the lawsuit. Due to his tour bus being held up in Utah, <mask> failed to appear at a preliminary court hearing in December of 2007. The judge decided against revocation of <mask>'s bond. In 2008, <mask> released a rap track titled "I'm a Beast" in which he attacked his detractors, but did not name the subjects of the song. After being acquitted of child pornography charges, <mask> was supposed to release his new album in the summer of 2008, but it was delayed. <mask> was named one of the most successful artists of all time. The promotional single "Hair Braider" peaked in the spring.It was on the R&B chart. The title was scrapped after the entire album leaked online. In February 2009, <mask> announced that he was working on a new album called Untitled with a projected release date of September 29, but it had been delayed to December. The "Demo" Tape was presented by DJ Skee and DJ Drama. <mask> performed at the Arise African Fashion Awards in June of 2009. He performed in Cape Town and Nigeria as part of the annual ThisDay music and fashion festival. He released "Number One" in the same month.<mask>'s ninth solo album was released on December 1. It reached the number four spot on the chart. "Be My #1" is one of the singles from the album. <mask> performed in Uganda. "I'm very excited about my first visit to Africa, I've dreamed about this for a long time and it's finally here", <mask> said in a statement. It will be one of the highlights of my life. I can't wait to perform in front of my fans in Africa, who have been some of the best in the world.<mask> performed at the opening ceremony of the 2010 World Cup. In the September 2010 issue of XXL magazine, <mask> said he was working on three new albums which he described as "remixing himself". "The World's Greatest" and "Sign of a Victory" were released in Europe on September 21, 2010. It can also be streamed worldwide. One8 was formed in November of 2010 by <mask> and several African musicians. 2Face from Nigeria, Fally Ipupa, 4X4 from Ghana, hip-hop artist Movaizhaleine, and Uganda's Amani were in the group. "Hands Across the World" was written and produced by <mask>.<mask>'s tenth album, Love Letter, released on December 14, 2010, included 15 songs, one of which was <mask> singing "You Are Not Alone", a track <mask> originally wrote for Michael Jackson. The first single was nominated for a gramophone for best traditional R&B vocal performance. At the Pre-Grammy Gala in Los Angeles, <mask> performed a number of hits and was named the #1 R&B artist of the last 25 years. On July 19, 2011, <mask> was admitted to the Northwestern Memorial Hospital in Chicago to undergo emergency throat surgery to drain an abscess on one of his tonsils, and was released on July 21, 2011. He was going to perform at the festival in Jamaica on Friday. Johnny Gourzong said, "We are going to miss his presence on the festival." Variety confirmed that <mask> had signed on to write original music for the Sparkle soundtrack.In the summer of 2012 <mask> and <mask> collaborated on a book called Soulacoaster: The Diary of Me. <mask> was set to release music under the RCA brand after the consolidation of J Records into Sony's RCA Music Group. Spin magazine said, "<mask> taking aim at the haters who said "he's washed up, he's lost it" following his throat surgery." He hasn't. He has a smooth R&B voice. <mask> performed on The X Factor for the first time after his surgery. <mask> told Rolling Stone that the performance was a wake up call for him and that he felt like he was just starting out.<mask> made a number of announcements in 2012 including a follow-up to the Love Letter album titled Write Me Back, which was released on June 26 to little fanfare. <mask> wrote a song for Whitney Houston and performed it at her funeral. <mask> continued his "The Single Ladies Tour". He performed at many music festivals in North America. On June 30, R<mask> performed live at the BET Awards Show singing hits as well as his new track "My Story" featuring Atlanta rapper 2 Chainz. <mask>'s twelfth studio album was called Black Panties. It was released on December 10."Black Panties was like a dare to the world, after all that he'd been accused of, after avoiding conviction, could R<mask> still get away with making sex-obsessed music?" wrote David Marchese for New York magazine. <mask> collaborated with several artists in the past year. After their number one single "I'm Your Angel" from 1998, he described follow up work with Dion in an interview with Global Grind. <mask> worked with Carey on her album. <mask> co-wrote and sang on Lady Gaga's song "Do What U Want" from her album Artpop, performing it on Saturday Night Live and at the American Music Awards. "Do What U Want" was removed from streaming services and re-releases of Gaga's Artpop album after sexual harassment allegations against <mask>. "We Been On" is a single from the Cash Money Records album, Rich Gang.On his new album "Dark Horse", he appeared on Twista's first single. On November 17th, <mask> and Justin collaborated on a song called "PYD". <mask>'s song "Christmas, I'll Be Steppin'" was on the soundtrack of The Best Man Holiday. <mask> wants to tour with R&B singer Mary J. Blige prior to the Black Panties Tour. In July of last year, <mask> announced that he was working on a house music album. "Wake Up Everybody", "Marching Band", and "Backyard Party" were released by <mask> in November 2015. The album containing those singles was released a month later.It only sold 39,000 album-equivalent copies in its first week on the market. <mask>'s 14th studio album, 12 Nights of Christmas, was released on October 21, 2016 after a two-and-a-half-year delay. Surviving R<mask> detailed numerous sexual assault allegations against the singer for decades. Following his conviction in New York, <mask>'s YouTube channel was terminated, but his catalog is still available on YouTube Music. R&B, hip hop and soul were influenced by <mask>'s musical style. He was influenced by his mother's singing. She was an inspiration for <mask>.<mask> stated that he always wanted his voice to have a sexual texture to it. He was spiritual and smooth at the same time. <mask> stated in his book that he was influenced by Marvin Gaye. I had to make an album. <mask> said that if Marvin Gaye did it, he wanted to do it. While <mask> created a smooth, professional mixture of hip-hop beats, soulman crooning and funk, the most distinctive element of his music is its explicit sensuality. "Sex Me", "Bump n' Grind", "Your Body's Callin'", and "Feelin' on Yo Booty" are examples, as their productions were seductive enough to sell such blatant come-ons.<mask>'s flair for pop balladry helped sustain his appeal. The New York Daily News stated in 1997 that <mask> has gained international celebrity by combining streetwise rhythms with sexually explicit lyrics. Love and sex are the topics of the majority of <mask>'s lyrics, although he has written about a wide variety of themes. The image he liked to project was that of the R&B thug, bringing the streetwise persona of the gangsta rapper into the more polite world of R&B. bringing the streetwise persona of the gangsta rapper into the more polite world of R&B." <mask> is versatile and writes from everyday experiences. Larry Khan, senior vice president of Jive's urban marketing and promotion, said that <mask>'s musical compass is second to none. At concerts where <mask> would go from singing "Like a Real Freak" to "I Wish", many fans found these abrupt shifts between the transcendent and the venal, the inspirational and the X-rated jarring.Multiple civil suits and criminal trials have resulted from allegations of sexual abuse against <mask>. The Chicago Sun-Times first reported in December 2000 that police had made two investigations into <mask> but had to drop them due to lack of cooperation by the girls accusing him. <mask> had sex with Tiffany when she was a high school student, encouraged her to recruit her friends, and pressured her into having sex with other girls, according to a civil suit filed in 1996. The lawsuit was settled for $250,000. <mask> was introduced to a promising young singer from Detroit named Aaliyah by her uncle, Barry Hankerson, when she was 12 years old. A witness testified during <mask>'s criminal trial that he had sexual contact with Aaliyah when she was 13 or 14 years old. Aaliyah's first album, Age Ain't Nothing but a Number, was written and produced by <mask>.On August 31, 1994, <mask> married Aaliyah in a secret ceremony in Cook County, Illinois. <mask>'s tour manager admitted to facilitating the wedding by obtaining a fake identification for Aaliyah. <mask> stated that Aaliyah was 14 years old less than a year before the marriage took place. The marriage was nullified in February 1995 by a Michigan judge at the request of Aaliyah's family. Both <mask> and Aaliyah denied that their relationship had ever moved beyond friendship. In 1997, Aaliyah filed a lawsuit in Cook County to have her marriage record expunged because she lied about her age at the time of her marriage. Tiffany was trying to use the marriage documents in her case against <mask>.In 1998, Hawkins accepted a $250,000 settlement from <mask>, subject to a confidentiality agreement. The 1994 purchase of a fake ID for Aaliyah in order to obtain a marriage license was the subject of a federal prosecution in New York. In 2021, <mask> admitted to having had 'underage sexual contact' with Aaliyah. On February 3, 2002, there was a video that showed <mask> engaging in sex with and urinating on a girl. After the video was released by an unknown source and sent to the Chicago Sun-Times, the publisher broke the story on February 8, 2002, the same day <mask> performed at the opening ceremony of the 2002 Winter Olympics. In interviews, <mask> said he wasn't the man in the video. In June 2002, <mask> was indicted in Chicago on 21 counts of child pornography.On June 6, 2002, <mask> was arrested by the Miami Police Department on a Chicago arrest warrant at his Florida vacation home. After one night in jail, he was released the next day. <mask> was found not guilty on all 14 counts of child pornography in June 2008 after the alleged victim refused to testify. Polk County Sheriff's Office conducted a search of <mask>'s residence in Davenport, Florida, while investigating the photographs reported in the Chicago Sun-Times. <mask> is accused of having sex with a female minor on a digital camera wrapped in a towel in a duffel bag. The girl in the images obtained from <mask>'s Florida home appears in the videotape which got <mask> indicted in Chicago, according to the Chicago Sun-Times. <mask> was arrested in Miami on January 22, 2003 and charged with 12 counts of possession of child pornography.<mask> was released from the jail hours after his bond was posted. The charges were dropped due to a lack of probable cause. According to a divorce court filing, R<mask> was accused of molesting a girl in 2009. <mask> appeared on Huffington Post Live in an interview with a journalist. He wanted to promote the release of his new album. Modarressy-Tehrani asked <mask> about the sexual abuse allegations being leveled against him and wanted to gauge his reaction. <mask> grew angry and defensive.He asked Modarressy-Tehrani if she drank and if she was going to McDonalds. <mask> walked out of the interview. <mask> was asked about the allegations against him on a public platform for the first time. Modarressy-Tehrani hoped that <mask>'s survivors would get some peace after the verdict. According to <mask>, <mask> was accused by three sets of parents of holding their daughters in an "abusive cult". The alleged victims deny the allegations. The documentary <mask>: Sex, Girls and Videotapes was aired by the World Service in March of last year.The documentary <mask>: The Sex Scandal Continues included interviews with the parents of the girls. On April 17, 2018, a former partner of <mask>'s accused him of "intentionally"infecting her with a sexually transmitted disease." <mask> categorically denies all claims and allegations, stated a representative for <mask>. A woman named Asante McGee, who had met <mask> and taken to live with him some months later, said that she lived with <mask> alone and with other women. She said that he was in charge of every aspect of her life. She moved out on her own. The Women of Color branch of the Time's Up movement called for a boycott of <mask>'s music and performances in May of last year.A social media campaign called "Mute R. Kelly" was associated with the boycott. His management said that <mask> supports the movement in principle, but that he was targeted because he is black. On May 10, 2018, it was announced that the music streaming service would no longer recommend or promote music by R. <mask> and XXXTentacion. "We don't censor content because of an artist's or creator's behavior, but we want our editorial decisions to reflect our values." Apple Music and Pandora decided to stop featuring or promoting R. <mask>'s music. The music industry was concerned about a "slippery slope" of muting artists since R. <mask> had not been convicted of a crime. This decision was reversed by Spotify.The Washington Post ran a lengthy article in May of last year that alleged that music industry executives had been aware of <mask>'s sexually abusive behavior toward young women for years but did little or nothing about it. According to the newspaper, <mask>'s tour manager urged Clive Calder to not release the singer's records if he continued to have "incidents" with women after every concert he gave. He told the Post that he regretted not doing more at the time. Barry Weiss, the former president of the label, told the newspaper that he never cared about <mask>'s private life and was unaware of two lawsuits that the label had successfully argued were not liable. It was not the label's responsibility, as pointed out by Larry Khan, who worked closely with the singer even after viewing the sex tape. The Post claimed that executives at the record label took a relaxed attitude towards the allegations. Even though he had warned <mask>'s assistant that the label would drop him if it turned out that the singer had sex with an underaged girl, the executive didn't view a copy of the tape until after he signed with the label.The Posts requests for comment were not responded to by McPherson. An intern with the label whose work suffered after she began a relationship with <mask>, ultimately costing her the position, settled with the label for $250,000, while an executive reprimanded her former colleague for having an affair with a married man. A lot of times it's not the men that the woman is struck by. The Washington Post suggested that the labels were involved in the sex-cult allegations from the previous summer. Employees at the studios where <mask> recorded were required to sign non-disclosure agreements and not enter certain rooms, which they said they believed were where <mask> made the women stay. The women in the rooms asked <mask>'s assistants to let them out so they could get food or go to the bathroom, despite the agreements. Pictures of a cup of urine sitting on a piano and urine stains on the wooden floor of another room were published by the newspaper after <mask> had finished a six-week session at a Los Angeles studio.The 19-minute long "I admit" was released on July 23, 2018, as a response to his accusers. The title and chorus of the song do not contain any criminal admissions. <mask> denies allegations of domestic violence and pedophilia in "I admit". <mask> repudiates his investigative report's claim that he was operating a sex cult. <mask> sings "only God can mute me" as he addresses a social media campaign. Reviewers described the song as an act of trolly. The siblings of R<mask> responded to "I Admit" with a song and a song.Surviving R<mask> is a six-part documentary series airing on Lifetime. Writing for the Los Angeles Times, Loraine Ali observed that the series covered a range of in-depth interviews that "paint a picture of a predator whose behavior was consistently overlooked by the industry, his peers and the public while his spiritual hit was sung in churches and schools." Within two weeks, <mask> created a Facebook page where he tried to undermine the accusers. The page appeared to contain personal contact information for his accusers, which DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch The second season of Surviving R. <mask> will premiere on January 2, 2020. According to Guinness World Records, <mask> was the most searched for male musician on the internet in 2019. He was 8th on the list of the 10 most searched for people.The Cook County State's Attorney's Office in Illinois charged <mask> with 10 counts of criminal sexual abuse. According to the charges, from 1998 to 2010 <mask> sexually abused four females, three of whom were teen minor at the time, with evidence including a video provided by Michael Avenatti of an alleged new crime. After the charges were announced, <mask> was arrested by the Chicago Police Department and taken into custody. The judge ordered <mask> to have no contact with anyone under the age of 18. <mask> called the charges lies when he pleaded not guilty. He was released on bail after three nights in jail. <mask> blamed social media for the allegations when he was interviewed on CBS This Morning.<mask> yelled and stood up during the interview. Two women who said they were <mask>'s girlfriends defended him during the broadcast and declared their love for him. <mask> was charged with sex crimes and obstruction of justice on July 11, 2019. NYPD detectives are in Chicago. <mask> was indicted on 18 charges, including child sexual exploitation, child pornography production, sex trafficking, kidnapping, forced labor, and obstruction of justice. He was denied bail in October and again in April 2020. The total number of charges was raised to 22 after superseding indictments were filed in Chicago and New York.He was in the Metropolitan Correctional Center in Chicago from July 11 to June 23, 2021. <mask> was transferred to Brooklyn on June 23, 2021. In July 2001, after a concert in Minneapolis, <mask> invited a girl up to his hotel room and paid her $200 to remove her clothing and dance with him. Federal prosecutors asked the court to include evidence of bribes, recordings of threats, and more allegations of sexual abuse of children, including an underaged boy he met at McDonald's, as pattern evidence in his trial. The federal trial began on August 18, 2021. The jury found <mask> guilty on nine counts, including racketeering, sexual exploitation of a child, kidnapping, bribery, sex trafficking, and a violation of the Mann Act, after two days of deliberations. <mask> will be sentenced on May 4, 2022, and the judge ordered that he remain in custody.Gloria Allred, a women's rights attorney, said that <mask> was the worst sexual predator she had ever pursued. After a July 1996 brawl at a Lafayette, Louisiana health club involving <mask> and his team, <mask> was placed on a one year's supervision after being found guilty of battery. One of the victims had facial stitches. <mask> was accused in civil court of having sexual relations with a woman when he was 20 and she was 15. The lawsuit was settled for $250,000, according to the Chicago Sun-Times. On April 8, 1998, <mask> was arrested on three counts of disorderly conduct and one count of violating noise regulations for playing loud music from his car. The first two charges were dropped by the district attorney's office.<mask> was taken back to the Cook County Jail after failing to pay child support. The person who paid off the child support freed him on March 9, 2019. Due to a gag order, his lawyer couldn't discuss the payment. Influence <mask> is one of the most successful R&B artists. He is one of the best-selling music artists in the United States, with over 30 million albums sold, as well as only the fifth black artist to enter the top 50 of the same list. He was called the "most important R&B figure of the 1990s and 2000s" by Rolling Stone. Barry Weiss, a music executive, described <mask> as "the modern-day Prince, although there's a bit of Marvin Gaye in him, and a bit of Irving Berlin."<mask> has written and produced several hit songs, such as "You Are Not Alone" for Michael Jackson and "G.H.E.T.T.O.U.T." Changing Faces, "bump,bump,bump" for B2K, and many more. R<mask> has been compared to other artists. <mask>'s mother died from cancer. During his mother's passing, he gave conflicting accounts of where he was. <mask> married his former backup dancer, the mother of his three children, in 1996. In September 2005, after a physical altercation, she filed for divorce from <mask>.After 11 years of marriage, <mask> and his wife finalized their divorce in January 2009. The net proceeds from <mask>'s song "Rise Up" were donated to the families of the Virginia Tech victims. <mask> wrote the song "Sign of a Victory" for the 2010 World Cup and all of the proceeds went to African charities. Clara's House, a facility designed to build employment, housing, health care, and education in the projects of Chicago, was a charity event he performed at in 2011. There were cases of water donated by <mask>. <mask> has been nominated for multiple awards during his career as a singer, producer, and songwriter. He received three awards for his song "I Believe I Can Fly": Best Male R&B Vocal Performance, Best Rhythm and Blues Song, and Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television.The Best of Both Worlds, Chocolate Factory, Happy People/U Saved Me, and Unfinished Business are all studio albums.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will%20Atkinson

Will Atkinson

William Henry Atkinson (born 14 October 1988) is an English professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for club Southend United. Having begun his professional career with Hull City in 2006, Atkinson spent time on loan with Port Vale, Mansfield Town, Rochdale (twice), Rotherham United and Plymouth Argyle. He was promoted out of League Two with Rochdale in 2009–10. He signed with Bradford City in July 2012, and played in the 2013 League Cup final defeat and the 2013 League Two play-off final victory. He signed with Southend United in July 2013, and helped the club to win the 2015 League Two play-off final. He signed with Mansfield Town in May 2017. He signed a short-term deal with Port Vale in October 2019, remaining at the club until the end of the 2019–20 season. He signed with Southend United in August 2021 after spending the curtailed 2020–21 season with Alfreton Town. Career Hull City Born in Driffield, East Riding of Yorkshire, Atkinson started his career as a trainee with Hull City. In December 2006, at the age of eighteen, he penned a two-and-a-half-year professional deal with the club. In October 2007, he joined caretaker-manager Dean Glover's Port Vale in League One for a six-week loan period. He made his senior debut on 13 October, in a 1–0 defeat by Brighton & Hove Albion at Vale Park. Fourteen days later he won his first start, in a 2–1 win over Swindon Town. He made a total of four appearances for the "Valiants" before returning to Hull after Lee Sinnott replaced Glover as manager. Upon his return he made one substitute appearance for Hull, in an FA Cup defeat to Plymouth Argyle on 5 January. Later in the month he joined League Two Mansfield Town on a one-month loan. Mansfield manager Bill Dearden later extended the deal into a further month, and handed Atkinson a total of ten starts and two substitute appearances. He had a quiet 2008–09, not joining any clubs on loan and not making an appearance for the Hull City first team, as the "Tigers" enjoyed their maiden season in the Premier League. He made his League Cup bow on 25 August 2009, and was replaced by Kevin Kilbane 73 minutes into a 3–1 win over Southend United. In November he joined Rochdale on a month long loan. The loan was extended after the team went unbeaten in his six games at the club. This run included a 3–0 win over Macclesfield Town on 5 December, in which Atkinson scored his first senior goal. Though he returned before the end of the season, his efforts in his fifteen appearances helped Rochdale to win automatic promotion into League One. Upon his return to Hull he won his first start for the club in the Premier League clash with Wigan Athletic at the DW Stadium on 3 May. He marked this landmark appearance with a headed goal, though by this point Hull's relegation was confirmed. Six days later he played in the club's last game of the season, helping them to earn a respectable point at home to Liverpool. He was selected for four Championship games at the start of 2010–11, before he signed for Rotherham United on loan deadline day (25 November). He played just three games, but did find the net in a 5–0 demolition of former club Port Vale. In January 2011, Atkinson decided to rejoin Rochdale on loan for the end of the season, after turning down the opportunity for extending his United loan. He went on to make 21 appearances for "Dale", finding the net twice. In August 2011, he joined Plymouth Argyle on loan for the entirety of the 2011–12 season. He scored the opening goal on his debut against Rotherham United and at the beginning of September at Burton Albion. Atkinson netted two more goals in November, against Torquay United and Northampton Town respectively. Atkinson was recalled by Hull City in January 2012, having made 25 appearances in all competitions for Argyle. Bradford City In January 2012, he signed on loan with Bradford City until the end of the season. He scored his first goal for the "Bantams" on 28 February, in a 4–0 win over Barnet at Underhill. In July 2012 he signed a one-year contract with Bradford City. On 11 August, he made his first appearance since signing permanently, in a 1–0 win over Notts County at Meadow Lane. He scored his first goal of the season on 3 November, opening the scoring in a 1–1 draw away to Northampton Town in the first round of the FA Cup. He scored his second goal of the season in the replay on 13 November which finished 3–3, and also scored his penalty in the resulting shoot-out which Bradford won 4–2. On 12 February 2013, he scored his first league goal of the season in a 3–0 win away to Wycombe Wanderers. Having played in all seven matches of Bradford's run to the 2013 final of the League Cup, including victories over Premier League sides Wigan Athletic, Arsenal and Aston Villa, he played at Wembley in the 5–0 defeat to Swansea City. He was a 78th-minute substitute in the play-off final victory over Northampton Town. Southend United In July 2013, Atkinson signed a two-year contract with Southend United, reuniting him with his former Hull City boss, Phil Brown. He was an ever-present in the league for the "Shrimpers" in the 2013–14 season, and helped the club to secure a play-off spot, where they were beaten by Burton Albion at the semi-final stage. He was a first team regular in the 2014–15 campaign as United again secured a play-off place, and played the first 80 minutes of the play-off final as Southend beat Wycombe Wanderers to win promotion into League One. He signed a new two-year contract in June 2015, and went on to make 39 appearances in the 2015–16 campaign as Southend posted a 15th-place finish. Atkinson scored four goals in 41 games in the 2016–17 season as United finished in seventh place, one place and one point outside the play-offs. He scored two of these goals in a 3–0 win over former club Bradford City at Roots Hall on 19 November, which earned himself a place on the EFL team of the week. He chose to leave the club in the summer after feeling that he "wasn't made to feel valued or wanted by Southend". Mansfield Town On 30 May 2017, Atkinson joined EFL League Two club Mansfield Town as manager Steve Evans's 11th summer signing. He was transfer-listed by Mansfield at the end of the 2017–18 season. However he remained at Field Mill and was praised by manager David Flitcroft for his contribution as a squad player during the 2018–19 season, before being released in May 2019. Port Vale On 4 October 2019, Atkinson signed a short-term deal with Port Vale, 12 years after he briefly played for the club on loan. He was signed by manager John Askey following injuries to Tom Conlon and Manny Oyeleke, leaving him to compete with Luke Joyce, Jake Taylor, Scott Burgess and Ryan Lloyd for a place in central midfield. He was up to match fitness after having spent a full pre-season training with Doncaster Rovers. He made his "second debut" for the club the following day, playing at right-back in a 3–1 home win over Morecambe, and in doing so set a club record for the longest time between appearances as his previous game for the club came 11 years and 11 months earlier. He scored his first goal for the club on 22 October, when his injury-time strike secured a 2–1 victory over former club Bradford City at Valley Parade. In January 2020, he signed an extended deal to keep him at the club until the end of the 2019–20 season. However he was not retained at the end of the campaign. Alfreton Town On 5 November 2020, Atkinson signed with National League North club Alfreton Town. He played 13 games before the 2019–20 season was curtailed due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in England. Return to Southend United On 24 August 2021, Atkinson returned for a second spell at Southend United and in doing so reunited with former manager Phil Brown; he joined the National League club a short-term deal after impressing on trial. Style of play Atkinson is a central midfielder, but is versatile and can play at wide right, wing-back and right-back. Port Vale manager John Askey described him as "a good passer of the ball and an intelligent player." Personal life Atkinson's father, Kevin, director of Hull company Thermoplant Offshore Services, used to run his junior team in Brandesburton. He has two sisters: Rachel and Frances. Career statistics Honours Rochdale League Two third-place promotion: 2009–10 Bradford City League Cup runner-up: 2012–13 League Two play-offs: 2013 Southend United League Two play-offs: 2015 References External links 1988 births Living people People from Driffield Footballers from the East Riding of Yorkshire English footballers Association football midfielders Hull City A.F.C. players Port Vale F.C. players Mansfield Town F.C. players Rochdale A.F.C. players Rotherham United F.C. players Plymouth Argyle F.C. players Bradford City A.F.C. players Alfreton Town F.C. players Southend United F.C. players Premier League players English Football League players National League (English football) players

<mask> (born 14 October 1988) is an English professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for club Southend United. Having begun his professional career with Hull City in 2006, <mask> spent time on loan with Port Vale, Mansfield Town, Rochdale (twice), Rotherham United and Plymouth Argyle. He was promoted out of League Two with Rochdale in 2009–10. He signed with Bradford City in July 2012, and played in the 2013 League Cup final defeat and the 2013 League Two play-off final victory. He signed with Southend United in July 2013, and helped the club to win the 2015 League Two play-off final. He signed with Mansfield Town in May 2017. He signed a short-term deal with Port Vale in October 2019, remaining at the club until the end of the 2019–20 season.He signed with Southend United in August 2021 after spending the curtailed 2020–21 season with Alfreton Town. Career Hull City Born in Driffield, East Riding of Yorkshire, <mask> started his career as a trainee with Hull City. In December 2006, at the age of eighteen, he penned a two-and-a-half-year professional deal with the club. In October 2007, he joined caretaker-manager Dean Glover's Port Vale in League One for a six-week loan period. He made his senior debut on 13 October, in a 1–0 defeat by Brighton & Hove Albion at Vale Park. Fourteen days later he won his first start, in a 2–1 win over Swindon Town. He made a total of four appearances for the "Valiants" before returning to Hull after Lee Sinnott replaced Glover as manager.Upon his return he made one substitute appearance for Hull, in an FA Cup defeat to Plymouth Argyle on 5 January. Later in the month he joined League Two Mansfield Town on a one-month loan. Mansfield manager Bill Dearden later extended the deal into a further month, and handed <mask> a total of ten starts and two substitute appearances. He had a quiet 2008–09, not joining any clubs on loan and not making an appearance for the Hull City first team, as the "Tigers" enjoyed their maiden season in the Premier League. He made his League Cup bow on 25 August 2009, and was replaced by Kevin Kilbane 73 minutes into a 3–1 win over Southend United. In November he joined Rochdale on a month long loan. The loan was extended after the team went unbeaten in his six games at the club.This run included a 3–0 win over Macclesfield Town on 5 December, in which <mask> scored his first senior goal. Though he returned before the end of the season, his efforts in his fifteen appearances helped Rochdale to win automatic promotion into League One. Upon his return to Hull he won his first start for the club in the Premier League clash with Wigan Athletic at the DW Stadium on 3 May. He marked this landmark appearance with a headed goal, though by this point Hull's relegation was confirmed. Six days later he played in the club's last game of the season, helping them to earn a respectable point at home to Liverpool. He was selected for four Championship games at the start of 2010–11, before he signed for Rotherham United on loan deadline day (25 November). He played just three games, but did find the net in a 5–0 demolition of former club Port Vale.In January 2011, <mask> decided to rejoin Rochdale on loan for the end of the season, after turning down the opportunity for extending his United loan. He went on to make 21 appearances for "Dale", finding the net twice. In August 2011, he joined Plymouth Argyle on loan for the entirety of the 2011–12 season. He scored the opening goal on his debut against Rotherham United and at the beginning of September at Burton Albion. <mask> netted two more goals in November, against Torquay United and Northampton Town respectively. <mask> was recalled by Hull City in January 2012, having made 25 appearances in all competitions for Argyle. Bradford City In January 2012, he signed on loan with Bradford City until the end of the season.He scored his first goal for the "Bantams" on 28 February, in a 4–0 win over Barnet at Underhill. In July 2012 he signed a one-year contract with Bradford City. On 11 August, he made his first appearance since signing permanently, in a 1–0 win over Notts County at Meadow Lane. He scored his first goal of the season on 3 November, opening the scoring in a 1–1 draw away to Northampton Town in the first round of the FA Cup. He scored his second goal of the season in the replay on 13 November which finished 3–3, and also scored his penalty in the resulting shoot-out which Bradford won 4–2. On 12 February 2013, he scored his first league goal of the season in a 3–0 win away to Wycombe Wanderers. Having played in all seven matches of Bradford's run to the 2013 final of the League Cup, including victories over Premier League sides Wigan Athletic, Arsenal and Aston Villa, he played at Wembley in the 5–0 defeat to Swansea City.He was a 78th-minute substitute in the play-off final victory over Northampton Town. Southend United In July 2013, <mask> signed a two-year contract with Southend United, reuniting him with his former Hull City boss, Phil Brown. He was an ever-present in the league for the "Shrimpers" in the 2013–14 season, and helped the club to secure a play-off spot, where they were beaten by Burton Albion at the semi-final stage. He was a first team regular in the 2014–15 campaign as United again secured a play-off place, and played the first 80 minutes of the play-off final as Southend beat Wycombe Wanderers to win promotion into League One. He signed a new two-year contract in June 2015, and went on to make 39 appearances in the 2015–16 campaign as Southend posted a 15th-place finish. <mask> scored four goals in 41 games in the 2016–17 season as United finished in seventh place, one place and one point outside the play-offs. He scored two of these goals in a 3–0 win over former club Bradford City at Roots Hall on 19 November, which earned himself a place on the EFL team of the week.He chose to leave the club in the summer after feeling that he "wasn't made to feel valued or wanted by Southend". Mansfield Town On 30 May 2017, <mask> joined EFL League Two club Mansfield Town as manager Steve Evans's 11th summer signing. He was transfer-listed by Mansfield at the end of the 2017–18 season. However he remained at Field Mill and was praised by manager David Flitcroft for his contribution as a squad player during the 2018–19 season, before being released in May 2019. Port Vale On 4 October 2019, <mask> signed a short-term deal with Port Vale, 12 years after he briefly played for the club on loan. He was signed by manager John Askey following injuries to Tom Conlon and Manny Oyeleke, leaving him to compete with Luke Joyce, Jake Taylor, Scott Burgess and Ryan Lloyd for a place in central midfield. He was up to match fitness after having spent a full pre-season training with Doncaster Rovers.He made his "second debut" for the club the following day, playing at right-back in a 3–1 home win over Morecambe, and in doing so set a club record for the longest time between appearances as his previous game for the club came 11 years and 11 months earlier. He scored his first goal for the club on 22 October, when his injury-time strike secured a 2–1 victory over former club Bradford City at Valley Parade. In January 2020, he signed an extended deal to keep him at the club until the end of the 2019–20 season. However he was not retained at the end of the campaign. Alfreton Town On 5 November 2020, <mask> signed with National League North club Alfreton Town. He played 13 games before the 2019–20 season was curtailed due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in England. Return to Southend United On 24 August 2021, <mask> returned for a second spell at Southend United and in doing so reunited with former manager Phil Brown; he joined the National League club a short-term deal after impressing on trial.Style of play <mask> is a central midfielder, but is versatile and can play at wide right, wing-back and right-back. Port Vale manager John Askey described him as "a good passer of the ball and an intelligent player." Personal life <mask>'s father, Kevin, director of Hull company Thermoplant Offshore Services, used to run his junior team in Brandesburton. He has two sisters: Rachel and Frances. Career statistics Honours Rochdale League Two third-place promotion: 2009–10 Bradford City League Cup runner-up: 2012–13 League Two play-offs: 2013 Southend United League Two play-offs: 2015 References External links 1988 births Living people People from Driffield Footballers from the East Riding of Yorkshire English footballers Association football midfielders Hull City A.F.C. players Port Vale F.C. players Mansfield Town F.C.players Rochdale A.F.C. players Rotherham United F.C. players Plymouth Argyle F.C. players Bradford City A.F.C. players Alfreton Town F.C. players Southend United F.C. players Premier League players English Football League players National League (English football) players

<mask> was born in 1988 and is a professional footballer. He spent time on loan with Port Vale, Rochdale, Rotherham United, andPlymouth Argyle. He was promoted out of League Two. He played in the League Cup final defeat and the League Two play-off final victory. He was a part of the team that won the League Two play-off final. He joined Mansfield Town in May of last year. He was with Port Vale until the end of the season in 2019.He joined Southend United in August 2021. He was born in Driffield, East Riding of Yorkshire, and started his career with Hull City. He signed a two-and-a-half-year professional deal with the club at the age of eighteen. He joined Port Vale in League One for six weeks in October 2007. He made his senior debut in a 1–0 defeat at Vale Park. He won his first start fourteen days later. He made four appearances for the "Valiants" before returning to Hull.He made one substitute appearance for Hull in the FA Cup defeat to Argyle. He joined the League Two club on a one-month loan. Bill Dearden extended the deal into a further month, and gave <mask> a total of ten starts and two substitute appearances. He didn't join any clubs on loan and didn't make an appearance for the Hull City first team as the "Tigers" enjoyed their first season in the premier league. He made his League Cup debut on August 25, 2009, and was replaced by Kevin Kilbane 73 minutes into the game. He joined Rochdale on a month long loan in November. The team went perfect in his six games at the club.In December, he scored his first senior goal in a 3–0 win over Macclesfield Town. Rochdale won promotion to League One thanks to his efforts in fifteen appearances. He won his first start for the club against Wigan Athletic on 3 May. He marked this landmark appearance with a headed goal. He played in the club's last game of the season, helping them to earn a respectable point. He was selected for four Championship games at the start of 2010–11, before he signed for Rotherham United on the last day of the season. He scored in the 5–0 demolition of Port Vale.After turning down the chance to extend his United loan, <mask> decided to return to Rochdale at the end of the season. He made 21 appearances for "Dale" and found the net twice. He joined Argyle on a loan in August of 2011. He scored the opening goal on his debut and at the beginning of September. In November, he netted two more goals. In January 2012 he was recalled by Hull City after making 25 appearances for Argyle. He was on loan to Bradford City until the end of the season.He scored his first goal for the "Bantams" in a 4–0 win over Barnet. He signed a one-year contract with the city. On 11 August, he made his first appearance since signing permanently, in a 1–0 win over Notts County at Meadow Lane. He scored his first goal of the season on 3 November, opening the scoring in a 1–1 draw away to Northampton Town in the first round of the FA Cup. He scored his second goal of the season in the replay on 13 November which finished 3–3 and also scored his penalty in the shoot-out which Bradford won 4–2. He scored his first league goal of the season in a 3–0 win at Wycombe. He played in the League Cup final for the first time in his career, playing in the 5–0 defeat toSwansea City.He was a substitute in the play-off final. Phil Brown was the boss of Hull City when <mask> signed a two-year contract with Southend United. He was an ever-present in the league for theShrimpers, and helped the club to secure a play-off spot, where they were beaten by Burton Albion at the semi-final stage. He played the first 80 minutes of the play-off final as Southend beat Wycombe to win promotion into League One. He made 39 appearances for the Shrimpers in the 2015–16 campaign after signing a new two-year contract in June 2015. In the 2016–17 season, <mask> scored four goals in 41 games as United finished in seventh place, one place and one point outside the play-offs. He scored two of these goals in a 3–0 win over former club Bradford City at Roots Hall on 19 November, which earned him a place on the EFL team of the week.He left the club in the summer because he felt that he wasn't valued or wanted by the club. Steve Evans' 11th summer signing was <mask>, who joined the club on May 30. He was transferred by the end of the season. He remained at Field Mill and was praised by the manager for his contribution as a squad player, before being released in May 2019. 12 years after he briefly played for the club on loan, <mask> signed a short-term deal with Port Vale. He was signed by manager John Askey to compete with other players for a place in the middle of the field. He had spent a full pre-season training with Doncaster.He made his "second debut" for the club the following day, playing at right-back in a 3–1 home win over Morecambe, and in doing so set a club record for the longest time between appearances as his previous game for the club came 11 years and 11 months earlier. He scored his first goal for the club on 22 October, when his injury-time strike secured a 2–1 victory over former club Bradford City at Valley Parade. He signed an extension to stay at the club until the end of the season in 2019. He was not retained at the end of the campaign. On November 5, 2020, <mask> joined National League North club Alfreton Town. He played 13 games before the season was cut short due to the COVID-19 Pandemic. He joined the National League club a short-term deal after impressing on trial, after returning to Southend United for a second spell.<mask> is a versatile player who can play in a variety of positions. He was described as a good passer of the ball by Port Vale manager John Askey. Kevin, the company's director, used to run his junior team in Brandesburton. He has two sisters. The career statistics include Rochdale League Two third-place promotion, the 2012–13 League Two play-offs, and the 2015 Southend United League Two play-offs. The players are from Port Vale F.C. The players are from Mansfield Town F.C.The players are from Rochdale A.F.C. The players are from Rotherham United F.C. The players are from the Argyle F.C. The players are fromBradford City A.F.C. The players are from Alfreton Town F.C. The players are from Southend United F.C. Football players from the National League.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin%20Cooke%2C%20Baron%20Cooke%20of%20Thorndon

Robin Cooke, Baron Cooke of Thorndon

Robin Brunskill Cooke, Baron Cooke of Thorndon (9 May 1926 – 30 August 2006) was a New Zealand judge and later a British Law Lord and member of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. He is widely considered one of New Zealand's most influential jurists, and is the only New Zealand judge to have sat in the House of Lords. He was a Non-Permanent Judge of the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong from 1997 to 2006. Early life and education The son of Supreme Court Justice Philip Brunskill Cooke and his wife Valmai, Lord Cooke was born in Wellington, and attended Wanganui Collegiate School. He graduated with a LL.M. degree from Victoria University College, and subsequently studied at Clare College, Cambridge as a Research Fellow. While on a travelling scholarship, Lord Cooke was awarded a MA degree in 1954 from Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge and subsequently a PhD degree in 1955. In 1952 he married Annette Miller, with whom he had three sons. One of their sons, Francis Cooke QC, was appointed to High Court Justice in 2018. Legal career Cooke was admitted to the New Zealand bar in 1950, and was also admitted to the English bar as a barrister of Inner Temple in 1954. He practised law in New Zealand as a barrister for almost twenty years, and was appointed as a Queen's Counsel in 1964. At age 38, that was the youngest appointment of a QC in New Zealand; the young age record had previously been held by his father, who had been appointed aged 43. In 1972 he was appointed as a Judge of the (former) New Zealand Supreme Court (now High Court). He held this position until 1976 when he was elevated to the New Zealand Court of Appeal (at that time the country's highest local court). In 1986, he was appointed as President of that Court – a position he was to hold for the next 10 years. On his retirement from the Court of Appeal in 1996 Cook was granted a British life peerage as Baron Cooke of Thorndon, (a suburb of Wellington) in New Zealand and of Cambridge in the County of Cambridgeshire, becoming a member of the Appellate Committee of the House of Lords where he sat as a Lord of Appeal (Law Lord) until his retirement in 2001. He also sat (from time to time) as President in the Courts of Appeal of Samoa, the Cook Islands and Kiribati; as well as being a Non-Permanent Judge on the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal and a Judge of the Supreme Court of Fiji. Cooke was the only Commonwealth judge in the past century to sit in the Appellate Committee of the House of Lords on United Kingdom appeals. He adjudicated on nearly a hundred cases in the House of Lords and the Privy Council; his final case before retirement was Delaware v City of Westminster, in October 2001. Legal philosophy and influence on the law Cooke is New Zealand's best known jurist, and is regarded as perhaps the finest judge which the country has produced. He is most widely known for his contribution to the development of administrative law (both in New Zealand and internationally) and his influence in the development of legal recognition for the Treaty of Waitangi. Cooke was a champion of the need to develop independent jurisprudence for New Zealand. In 1956, having recently returned from the United Kingdom, he criticised New Zealand's judiciary for its "unquestioning compliance" with English case law. By 1988, Lord Cooke was pleased to be able to report that "in virtually every major field of law New Zealand law is radically, or at least very considerably, different from English law". This change was thanks in part to his own efforts. Yet Lord Cooke did not believe that different jurisdictions had nothing to learn from each other. Rather, he believed that "[c]ommon denominators may be usefully sought, as long as the process is not compelled from outside and the national ethos is allowed its own weight." Administrative law jurisprudence Lord Cooke took what could be considered a natural law approach to public law, often seeking to assert a right for the courts to intervene where none was prescribed in legislation. In Fraser v State Services Commission he famously made the comment that "it is arguable that some common law rights may go so deep that even Parliament cannot be accepted by the Courts to have destroyed them." This view contradicted the dominant parliamentary supremacy theories of A. V. Dicey, which had guided common law courts since the late 19th century. However, Cooke's position recalled a similar opinion expressed by the famous 17th century English jurist, Sir Edward Coke. In Bulk Gas Users Group v Attorney-General, the then Justice Cooke delivered the leading judgment of the Court of Appeal. Cooke held that a privative clause in the Commerce Act 1975 did not prevent the courts from reviewing a decision made by the Secretary of Energy. He observed that "the Courts of general jurisdiction will be slow to conclude" that they are not permitted to rule on a question of law. This reluctance to accept the ouster of the court's jurisdiction was characteristic of Cooke's views on the importance of the courts' role in upholding the rule of law. He took a similar approach in 1985, when he delivered the judgment of the Court of Appeal in the case of Finnigan v New Zealand Rugby Football Union allowing the appeal of lawyers seeking an injunction against the NZRFU's proposed tour of South Africa. The proposed tour followed the controversial 1981 Springbok Tour, and was cancelled after the High Court re-heard the case in light of the Court of Appeal's judgment. Perhaps the most famous public law case which Cooke decided came before him when he was President of the Court of Appeal. In Simpson v Attorney-General (commonly referred to as Baigent's case), the Court held that it is implicit in the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 that breaches of human rights by public officials could result in a claim for damages — even though there is no such provision in the Act itself. In the case, the Police had mistakenly carried out a search warrant at the wrong address. Because the occupant of the house was not charged with any crime, there was no obvious remedy for the Police's illegal search (exclusion of improperly obtained evidence being the usual remedy applied in Bill of Rights Act cases). In delivering the leading judgment, President Cooke remarked that "we [the Court] would fail in our duty if we did not give an effective remedy to a person whose legislatively affirmed rights have been infringed". Treaty of Waitangi jurisprudence In 1987, Cooke delivered the judgment of the Court of Appeal in the landmark case of New Zealand Maori Council v Attorney-General, which sought to clarify what Parliament meant by section 9 of the State Owned Enterprises Act 1986. The Act stated "Nothing in this act shall permit the Crown to act in a manner that is inconsistent with the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi", but what those principles might be was left to the courts to decide. The principles elicited by President Cooke gave legal recognition to the special relationship between the Crown and Maori. Cooke held that "the Treaty created an enduring relationship of a fiduciary nature akin to a partnership, each party accepting a positive duty to act in good faith, fairly, reasonably and honourably towards the other". This principle of partnership continues to shape the legal relations between the Crown and Maori to this day. Legal commentary Lord Cooke's often bold views occasionally drew criticism. In one noteworthy example, some of Australia's most senior judges co-wrote the Preface of Meagher, Gummow and Lehane’s Equity, Doctrines and Remedies, where they blamed "Lord Cooke's misguided endeavours" for what they saw as the Court of Appeal's unprincipled decisions concerning the merger of common law and equitable doctrines in New Zealand. The authors went on to remark "[t]hat one man could, in a few years, cause such destruction exposes the fragility of contemporary legal systems and the need for vigilant exposure and rooting out of error". However, not all their colleagues shared such concerns. Justice Kirby (of the High Court of Australia), in his 2008 W A Lee Lecture, noted that Lord Cooke's supposedly "heretical" views had in fact been accepted by many prominent jurists in the United Kingdom, including the House of Lords. He took issue with the tone of the Meagher Preface, remarking that "those familiar with the successive 'rooting out' of heretics in England under the later Tudors will recognise the genre of this denunciatory writing. Burning at the professional stake would seem too kind a fate for such doctrinal rascals." Cooke himself had a formidable extrajudicial and academic presence. From 1992 until 1996, Cooke was General Editor of The Laws of New Zealand and selected the original authors for the different titles. He was also a prolific contributor to legal journals, including the Law Quarterly Review, Cambridge Law Journal and New Zealand Law Journal. In 1996, Lord Cooke delivered the 47th Hamlyn Lecture Series, entitled Turning Points of the Common Law. In each of his four lectures, he focused on a single major case (covering public law, crime, tort and company law) and the influence of that case on the development of the common law as a whole throughout the Commonwealth. Honours and awards 1955: Yorke Prize 1977: Knight Bachelor in the 1977 New Year Honours 1977: Appointed to the Privy Council of the United Kingdom 1977: Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal 1986: Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) in the 1986 Queen's Birthday Honours 1982: Honorary Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge 1985: Honorary Bencher of Inner Temple 1989: Honorary Doctorate of Laws (LLD) from the Victoria University of Wellington 1990: New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal 1990: Honorary Doctorate of Laws (LLD) from the University of Cambridge 1991: Honorary Doctorate of Civil Law (DCL) from the University of Oxford 1993: Appointed to the International Commission of Jurists 1996: Created a Life Peer 2002: Additional Member of the Order of New Zealand in the 2002 Queen's Birthday and Golden Jubilee Honours Since 2002 the Law School of Victoria University, Wellington has held an annual lecture in his honour, predominately in the area of constitutional and administrative law. Cases, articles and books Notable Cases Finnigan v New Zealand Rugby Football Union [1985] 2 NZLR 159 New Zealand Maori Council v Attorney-General [1987] 1 NZLR 641 R v Baker [1989] 1 NZLR 738 Trevor Ivory Ltd v Anderson [1992] 2 NZLR 517 Taylor v New Zealand Poultry Board [1984] 1 NZLR 394 Flickinger v Crown Colony of Hong Kong [1991] 1 NZLR 439 Bulk Gas Users Group v Attorney-General [1983] NZLR 129 Fraser v State Services Commission [1984] 1 NZLR 116 Notable articles Cooke, Robin "An Impossible Distinction" (1991) 107 Law Quarterly Review 46 Cooke, Robin "The Supreme Tribunal of the British Commonwealth?" (1956) 32 NZLJ 233 Cooke, Robin "Fundamentals" [1988] NZLJ 158 Cooke, Robin "The Struggle for Simplicity in Administrative Law" in Michael Taggart (ed) Judicial Review of Administrative Action in the 1980s: Problems and Prospects (Oxford University Press, Auckland, 1986) Cooke, Robin "Fairness" (1989) VUWLR 421 Cooke, Robin "Divergences – England, Australia and New Zealand" [1983] NZLJ 297 Lord Cooke "The Dream of an International Common Law" in Cheryl Saunders (ed) Courts of Final Jurisdiction: The Mason Court in Australia (Federation Press, Sydney, 1996) Lord Cooke "The Common Law Through Commonwealth Eyes" (1998) 2 Inter Alia 45 Cooke, Robin "The New Zealand National Legal Identity" (1987) 3 Canta LR 171 Cooke, Robin "The Changing Face of Administrative Law" [1960] NZLJ 128 Cooke, Robin "The Harkness Henry Lecture: the Challenge of Treaty of Waitangi Jurisprudence" (1994) 2 Waikato L Rev 1 Books Coat of arms See also List of King's and Queen's Counsel in New Zealand References External links Obituary, The Times, 22 September 2006 Obituary, The Daily Telegraph, 26 September 2006 Announcement of his death at the House of Lords House of Lords minutes of proceedings, 9 October 2006 Eulogy, 4 September 2006 (PDF) |- 1926 births 2006 deaths Alumni of Clare College, Cambridge Alumni of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge New Zealand judges on the courts of Hong Kong Justices of the Court of Final Appeal (Hong Kong) Knights Bachelor Law lords New Zealand members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom New Zealand jurists New Zealand lawyers Victoria University of Wellington alumni Court of Appeal of New Zealand judges High Court of New Zealand judges Members of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council New Zealand judges on the courts of Samoa New Zealand judges on the courts of the Cook Islands New Zealand judges on the courts of Kiribati People educated at Whanganui Collegiate School New Zealand recipients of a British peerage New Zealand judges on the courts of Fiji New Zealand Queen's Counsel New Zealand Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire 20th-century lawyers People educated at Wellesley College, New Zealand

<mask>, <mask> of Thorndon (9 May 1926 – 30 August 2006) was a New Zealand judge and later a British Law Lord and member of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. He is widely considered one of New Zealand's most influential jurists, and is the only New Zealand judge to have sat in the House of Lords. He was a Non-Permanent Judge of the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong from 1997 to 2006. Early life and education The son of Supreme Court Justice <mask> and his wife Valmai, <mask> was born in Wellington, and attended Wanganui Collegiate School. He graduated with a LL.M. degree from Victoria University College, and subsequently studied at Clare College, Cambridge as a Research Fellow. While on a travelling scholarship, <mask> was awarded a MA degree in 1954 from Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge and subsequently a PhD degree in 1955.In 1952 he married Annette Miller, with whom he had three sons. One of their sons, <mask> QC, was appointed to High Court Justice in 2018. Legal career <mask> was admitted to the New Zealand bar in 1950, and was also admitted to the English bar as a barrister of Inner Temple in 1954. He practised law in New Zealand as a barrister for almost twenty years, and was appointed as a Queen's Counsel in 1964. At age 38, that was the youngest appointment of a QC in New Zealand; the young age record had previously been held by his father, who had been appointed aged 43. In 1972 he was appointed as a Judge of the (former) New Zealand Supreme Court (now High Court). He held this position until 1976 when he was elevated to the New Zealand Court of Appeal (at that time the country's highest local court).In 1986, he was appointed as President of that Court – a position he was to hold for the next 10 years. On his retirement from the Court of Appeal in 1996 Cook was granted a British life peerage as <mask> of Thorndon, (a suburb of Wellington) in New Zealand and of Cambridge in the County of Cambridgeshire, becoming a member of the Appellate Committee of the House of Lords where he sat as a Lord of Appeal (Law Lord) until his retirement in 2001. He also sat (from time to time) as President in the Courts of Appeal of Samoa, the Cook Islands and Kiribati; as well as being a Non-Permanent Judge on the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal and a Judge of the Supreme Court of Fiji. <mask> was the only Commonwealth judge in the past century to sit in the Appellate Committee of the House of Lords on United Kingdom appeals. He adjudicated on nearly a hundred cases in the House of Lords and the Privy Council; his final case before retirement was Delaware v City of Westminster, in October 2001. Legal philosophy and influence on the law <mask> is New Zealand's best known jurist, and is regarded as perhaps the finest judge which the country has produced. He is most widely known for his contribution to the development of administrative law (both in New Zealand and internationally) and his influence in the development of legal recognition for the Treaty of Waitangi.<mask> was a champion of the need to develop independent jurisprudence for New Zealand. In 1956, having recently returned from the United Kingdom, he criticised New Zealand's judiciary for its "unquestioning compliance" with English case law. By 1988, Lord <mask> was pleased to be able to report that "in virtually every major field of law New Zealand law is radically, or at least very considerably, different from English law". This change was thanks in part to his own efforts. Yet Lord <mask> did not believe that different jurisdictions had nothing to learn from each other. Rather, he believed that "[c]ommon denominators may be usefully sought, as long as the process is not compelled from outside and the national ethos is allowed its own weight." Administrative law jurisprudence Lord <mask> took what could be considered a natural law approach to public law, often seeking to assert a right for the courts to intervene where none was prescribed in legislation.In Fraser v State Services Commission he famously made the comment that "it is arguable that some common law rights may go so deep that even Parliament cannot be accepted by the Courts to have destroyed them." This view contradicted the dominant parliamentary supremacy theories of A. V. Dicey, which had guided common law courts since the late 19th century. However, <mask>'s position recalled a similar opinion expressed by the famous 17th century English jurist, Sir Edward Coke. In Bulk Gas Users Group v Attorney-General, the then <mask> delivered the leading judgment of the Court of Appeal. <mask> held that a privative clause in the Commerce Act 1975 did not prevent the courts from reviewing a decision made by the Secretary of Energy. He observed that "the Courts of general jurisdiction will be slow to conclude" that they are not permitted to rule on a question of law. This reluctance to accept the ouster of the court's jurisdiction was characteristic of <mask>'s views on the importance of the courts' role in upholding the rule of law.He took a similar approach in 1985, when he delivered the judgment of the Court of Appeal in the case of Finnigan v New Zealand Rugby Football Union allowing the appeal of lawyers seeking an injunction against the NZRFU's proposed tour of South Africa. The proposed tour followed the controversial 1981 Springbok Tour, and was cancelled after the High Court re-heard the case in light of the Court of Appeal's judgment. Perhaps the most famous public law case which <mask> decided came before him when he was President of the Court of Appeal. In Simpson v Attorney-General (commonly referred to as Baigent's case), the Court held that it is implicit in the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 that breaches of human rights by public officials could result in a claim for damages — even though there is no such provision in the Act itself. In the case, the Police had mistakenly carried out a search warrant at the wrong address. Because the occupant of the house was not charged with any crime, there was no obvious remedy for the Police's illegal search (exclusion of improperly obtained evidence being the usual remedy applied in Bill of Rights Act cases). In delivering the leading judgment, President <mask> remarked that "we [the Court] would fail in our duty if we did not give an effective remedy to a person whose legislatively affirmed rights have been infringed".Treaty of Waitangi jurisprudence In 1987, <mask> delivered the judgment of the Court of Appeal in the landmark case of New Zealand Maori Council v Attorney-General, which sought to clarify what Parliament meant by section 9 of the State Owned Enterprises Act 1986. The Act stated "Nothing in this act shall permit the Crown to act in a manner that is inconsistent with the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi", but what those principles might be was left to the courts to decide. The principles elicited by President <mask> gave legal recognition to the special relationship between the Crown and Maori. <mask> held that "the Treaty created an enduring relationship of a fiduciary nature akin to a partnership, each party accepting a positive duty to act in good faith, fairly, reasonably and honourably towards the other". This principle of partnership continues to shape the legal relations between the Crown and Maori to this day. Legal commentary Lord <mask>'s often bold views occasionally drew criticism. In one noteworthy example, some of Australia's most senior judges co-wrote the Preface of Meagher, Gummow and Lehane’s Equity, Doctrines and Remedies, where they blamed "Lord <mask>'s misguided endeavours" for what they saw as the Court of Appeal's unprincipled decisions concerning the merger of common law and equitable doctrines in New Zealand.The authors went on to remark "[t]hat one man could, in a few years, cause such destruction exposes the fragility of contemporary legal systems and the need for vigilant exposure and rooting out of error". However, not all their colleagues shared such concerns. Justice Kirby (of the High Court of Australia), in his 2008 W A Lee Lecture, noted that Lord <mask>'s supposedly "heretical" views had in fact been accepted by many prominent jurists in the United Kingdom, including the House of Lords. He took issue with the tone of the Meagher Preface, remarking that "those familiar with the successive 'rooting out' of heretics in England under the later Tudors will recognise the genre of this denunciatory writing. Burning at the professional stake would seem too kind a fate for such doctrinal rascals." <mask> himself had a formidable extrajudicial and academic presence. From 1992 until 1996, <mask> was General Editor of The Laws of New Zealand and selected the original authors for the different titles.He was also a prolific contributor to legal journals, including the Law Quarterly Review, Cambridge Law Journal and New Zealand Law Journal. In 1996, Lord <mask> delivered the 47th Hamlyn Lecture Series, entitled Turning Points of the Common Law. In each of his four lectures, he focused on a single major case (covering public law, crime, tort and company law) and the influence of that case on the development of the common law as a whole throughout the Commonwealth. Honours and awards 1955: Yorke Prize 1977: Knight Bachelor in the 1977 New Year Honours 1977: Appointed to the Privy Council of the United Kingdom 1977: Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal 1986: Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) in the 1986 Queen's Birthday Honours 1982: Honorary Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge 1985: Honorary Bencher of Inner Temple 1989: Honorary Doctorate of Laws (LLD) from the Victoria University of Wellington 1990: New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal 1990: Honorary Doctorate of Laws (LLD) from the University of Cambridge 1991: Honorary Doctorate of Civil Law (DCL) from the University of Oxford 1993: Appointed to the International Commission of Jurists 1996: Created a Life Peer 2002: Additional Member of the Order of New Zealand in the 2002 Queen's Birthday and Golden Jubilee Honours Since 2002 the Law School of Victoria University, Wellington has held an annual lecture in his honour, predominately in the area of constitutional and administrative law. Cases, articles and books Notable Cases Finnigan v New Zealand Rugby Football Union [1985] 2 NZLR 159 New Zealand Maori Council v Attorney-General [1987] 1 NZLR 641 R v Baker [1989] 1 NZLR 738 Trevor Ivory Ltd v Anderson [1992] 2 NZLR 517 Taylor v New Zealand Poultry Board [1984] 1 NZLR 394 Flickinger v Crown Colony of Hong Kong [1991] 1 NZLR 439 Bulk Gas Users Group v Attorney-General [1983] NZLR 129 Fraser v State Services Commission [1984] 1 NZLR 116 Notable articles Cooke, Robin "An Impossible Distinction" (1991) 107 Law Quarterly Review 46 Cooke, Robin "The Supreme Tribunal of the British Commonwealth?"

A New Zealand judge and a British Law Lord were both members of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. One of New Zealand's most influential jurists, he is the only New Zealand judge to have sat in the House of Lords. From 1997 to 2006 he was a Non-Permanent Judge of the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong. The son of a Supreme Court Justice and his wife attended a school in Wellington. He graduated with a law degree. A degree from Victoria University College was followed by a research fellowship at Cambridge. A PhD degree was awarded to Lord <mask> in 1955 after he received a MA degree in 1954.He had three sons with Annette Miller. <mask> was appointed to High Court Justice. In 1950, he was admitted to the New Zealand bar and in 1954. He was appointed as a Queen's Counsel in 1964 after practicing law in New Zealand for twenty years. The young age record had previously been held by his father, who had been appointed at 43. In 1972 he was appointed as a Judge of the New Zealand Supreme Court. He was elevated to the New Zealand Court of Appeal in 1976.He held the position of President for the next 10 years. Cook became a member of the Appellate Committee of the House of Lords after he retired from the Court of Appeal. He was a Non-Permanent Judge on the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal and a Judge of the Supreme Court of Fiji. In the past century, only one Commonwealth judge has sat in the Appellate Committee of the House of Lords on United Kingdom appeals. Delaware v City of Westminster was his last case before retirement, he was a judge in the House of Lords and the Privy Council. Legal philosophy and influence on the law is one of the things that New Zealand's best known jurist is, and he is considered to be the finest judge the country has produced. His influence in the development of legal recognition for the Treaty of Waitangi is one of the things he is known for.The need to develop independent jurisprudence for New Zealand was championed by <mask>. He criticized New Zealand's judiciary for its "questioning compliance" with English case law after returning from the United Kingdom. In almost every major field of law New Zealand law is vastly different from English law. This change was made possible by his efforts. Lord <mask> didn't believe that there was nothing to learn from each other. As long as the process is not compelled from outside and the national ethos is allowed its own weight, obelisks may be usefully sought. Administrative law jurisprudence was taken to be a natural law approach to public law, often seeking to assert a right for the courts to intervene where none was prescribed in legislation."It is arguable that some common law rights may go so deep that even Parliament cannot be accepted by the Courts to have destroyed them," he said in Fraser v State Services Commission. Common law courts have been guided by the parliamentary supremacy theories of A. V. Dicey since the late 19th century. Sir Edward Coke was an English jurist from the 17th century. The leading judgment of the Court of Appeal was delivered by <mask> in Bulk Gas Users Group v Attorney-General. The courts were able to review the decision made by the Secretary of Energy because of a clause in the Commerce Act. The Courts of general jurisdiction will be slow to conclude that they are not allowed to rule on a question of law. The importance of the courts' role in uphold the rule of law was one of the things that made this reluctance to accept the removal of the court's jurisdiction characteristic.In 1985, he delivered the judgment of the Court of Appeal in the case of Finnigan v New Zealand Rugby Football Union allowing the appeal of lawyers seeking an injunction against the NZ RFU's proposed tour of South Africa. The proposed tour was canceled after the High Court re-heard the case in light of the Court of Appeal's judgement. When he was President of the Court of Appeal, the most famous public law case came before him. In Baigent's case, the Court held that the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 could lead to a claim for damages even though there is no provision for it. The police carried out a search warrant at the wrong address. exclusion of improperly obtained evidence being the usual remedy applied in Bill of Rights Act cases was not an obvious remedy for the Police's illegal search because the occupant of the house was not charged with any crime. If the Court didn't give an effective remedy to a person whose rights have been violated, it would fail in its duty.The landmark case of New Zealand Maori Council v Attorney-General, which sought to clarify what Parliament meant by section 9 of the State Owned Enterprises Act 1986, was delivered by the Court of Appeal in 1987. The Act stated "nothing in this act shall permit the Crown to act in a manner that is inconsistent with the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi", but what those principles might be was left to the courts to decide. Legal recognition was given to the special relationship between the Crown and the indigenous people. The Treaty created an enduring relationship of fiduciary nature akin to a partnership, each party accepting a positive duty to act in good faith, fairly, reasonably and honourably towards the other. The relationship between the Crown and the Maori is shaped by this principle of partnership. Sometimes bold views of Lord <mask> were criticized. The Preface of Meagher, Gummow and Lehane's Equity, Doctrines and Remedies was co-written by some of Australia's most senior judges and they blamed Lord <mask> for what they saw as the Court of Appeal.The need for vigilant exposure and rooting out of error is exposed by the fact that one man could cause such destruction in a few years. Some of their colleagues did not share such concerns. In his 2008 W A Lee Lecture, Justice Kirby noted that Lord <mask>'s "heretical" views had been accepted by many prominent jurists in the United Kingdom. He took issue with the tone of the Meagher Preface, saying that those familiar with the "rooting out" of heretics in England under the later Tudors will recognize the genre of this denunciatory writing. Burning at the professional stake would seem like a bad fate for such people. He had a strong academic presence. The Laws of New Zealand was edited by <mask> from 1992 to 1996.He was a prolific contributor to legal journals, including the Law Quarterly Review, Cambridge Law Journal and New Zealand Law Journal. The Turning Points of the Common Law was the 47th lecture in the series. In each of his four lectures, he focused on a single major case and the influence it had on the development of the common law as a whole throughout the Commonwealth. The Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee medal was awarded to the Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire. Notable cases include Finnigan v New Zealand Rugby Football Union and the Attorney-General v the New Zealand Maori Council.

16867982

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20C.%20Waugh

John C. Waugh

John Clinton Waugh (born October 12, 1929) in Biggs, California is an American historian. Early life, education and family Education: University of Arizona, BA 1951, with post-graduate work in history and political science at UCLA and St. Johns College. Waugh resides in North Texas with his wife, Kathleen Dianne Lively, a social work administrator. Their children are Daniel Waugh, a lawyer in Providence, RI, and Eliza Waugh, a teacher in Austin, Texas. Journalism career Waugh began professional writing as a journalist, then turned to media work for national politicians, and began authoring books about history in 1989. He is best known for his first book, "The Class of 1846 — From West Point to Appomattox: Stonewall Jackson, George McClellan and their Brothers," which won the New York Civil War Round Table’s Fletcher Pratt Literary Award for the best non-fiction book of 1994 and was a best-seller. He is author of four books on Abraham Lincoln and eight other histories on topics relating to the American Civil War. Waugh was employed 1956–1973 as a staff correspondent and bureau chief on The Christian Science Monitor. Honors included the American Bar Association’s 1972 Silver Gavel Award for the best national reporting for a series on American prisons. He was a media specialist on the staff of Vice President Nelson Rockefeller 1973–1976 and press secretary to Democratic Senator Jeff Bingaman of New Mexico 1983–1988. His contributions to periodicals include articles in Civil War History, American Heritage, Civil War Times Illustrated, Columbiad, The Washington Post Book World, The New York Times, The New Republic, The Nation, The Los Angeles Times Magazine, The Boston Globe, The Boston Herald American, and Country Magazine. He has been a consultant to organizations including the National Archives and Records Administration, U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Atlantic Richfield Company, President’s Council on Environmental Quality, Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), and West Virginia Public Radio. He has been a tour guide for HistoryAmerica TOURS and Custom Travel Concepts. Published works Full-length narratives Lincoln and the War's EndSynopsis: The story of the last five months of the Civil War covering key political and military events, centering on Lincoln's involvement in each — including his final message to Congress, passage of the 13th amendment, the 2nd Inaugural, and his visit to the seat of war in its closing days. Southern Illinois University Press, 2014. Cloth: . Cloth: . ebook: . ebook: . How Historians Work: Retelling the Past — from the Civil War to the Wider World.Synopsis: Profiles of 24 prominent historians, of many different disciplines, and how they practice their craft, from where they find their ideas to how they do their research and their writing. State House Press, 2010. Paperback: . Lincoln and McClellan: The Troubled Partnership of a President and His General.Synopsis: An in-depth look at the relationship between this most dissimilar pair, from the early days of the Civil War to the 1864 presidential election when McClellan ran against Lincoln on an anti-war platform and lost. Palgrave MacMillan, 2010. Cloth: . One Man Great Enough: Abraham Lincoln’s Road to Civil War.Synopsis: How Abraham Lincoln, a frontier lawyer and politician, fought his rival, Stephen A. Douglas, in Illinois over the Union-splitting issue of slavery and rose to the presidency. Harcourt, 2007. Cloth: . Unabridged recording at BlackstoneAudio.com. The Class of 1846 — From West Point to Appomattox: Stonewall Jackson, George McClellan and their Brothers. Foreword by James M. McPherson.Synopsis: The story of the men of the West Point class of 1846, the most distinguished of the antebellum years — as cadets at the academy, field officers in the Mexican and Indian Wars, and generals in the Civil War. Warner Books, 1994. Cloth . Ballantine Books, 1999. Paper . Unabridged recording at RecordedBooks.com. Reelecting Lincoln: The Battle for the 1864 Presidency.Synopsis: The dramatic story of the most unusual and one of the most important presidential elections in American history. Crown Publishers, 1997. Cloth . DaCapo Press, 2001. Paper: . Surviving the Confederacy: Rebellion, Ruin, and Recovery — Roger and Sara Pryor During the Civil War.Synopsis: A prominent Confederate couple’s experiences in the Civil War. Harcourt, 2002. Cloth: . On the Brink of Civil War: The Compromise of 1850 and How It Changed the Course of American History.Synopsis: How civil war was averted in 1850 when a compromise over slavery in the territories was hammered out in a contentious fight on the floor of the U.S. Senate. Scholarly Resources, 2003. Cloth: . Paper: . Shorter works Sam Bell Maxey and the Confederate Indians.Synopsis: The story of how a paleface West Pointer commanded the Confederate Indians in the last year of the Civil War. McWhiney Foundation Press, 1995. Paper: . Last Stand at Mobile.Synopsis: The story of the Union Navy under Admiral David Farragut ran past the blazing guns of Fort Morgan into Mobile Bay in August 1864 and how six months later the city fell to the Union army. McWhiney Foundation Press, 2001. Cloth: . Paper: . Edwin Cole Bearss: History’s Pied Piper.Synopsis: Biography of the colorful, celebrated American historian and Chief Historian Emeritus of the National Park Service. Published by HistoryAmerica TOURS, 2003. Paper: . 20 Good Reasons to Study the Civil War. Foreword by Jim Lehrer.Synopsis: Twenty short essays on why the Civil War is important and warrants the study and attention of every American. McWhiney Foundation Press, 2004. Paper: . Awards Induction into the Texas Institute of Letters for outstanding contributions to literary Texas – 2011. Fort Worth (Texas) Civil War Round Table Pate Distinguished Service Award in recognition of outstanding contributions to Civil War history – 2012. Houston (Texas) Civil War Round Table Frank E. Vandiver Award of Merit – 2013. New York Civil War Round Table Fletcher Pratt Award for the best book of nonfiction on the Civil War published in 1994. Daughters of the American Revolution History Award Medal, in recognition of contributions that significantly advance the understanding of our nation's past through the study and promotion of an aspect of American history – 1998. Grady McWhiney Award of Merit for significant contributions to the scholarship and preservation of Civil War History – 2000. References External links American Bar Association, "Silver Gavel Award Winners – 1970s": http://www.abanet.org/publiced/gavel/newsg1970s.pdf http://www.cwrtnyc.org/pratt.htm http://www.tamu.edu/upress/MCWHINEY/mcgen.html Living people University of Arizona alumni 1929 births American male writers

<mask> (born October 12, 1929) in Biggs, California is an American historian. Early life, education and family Education: University of Arizona, BA 1951, with post-graduate work in history and political science at UCLA and St. Johns College. <mask> resides in North Texas with his wife, Kathleen Dianne Lively, a social work administrator. Their children are <mask>, a lawyer in Providence, RI, and <mask>, a teacher in Austin, Texas. Journalism career <mask> began professional writing as a journalist, then turned to media work for national politicians, and began authoring books about history in 1989. He is best known for his first book, "The Class of 1846 — From West Point to Appomattox: Stonewall Jackson, <mask> and their Brothers," which won the New York Civil War Round Table’s Fletcher Pratt Literary Award for the best non-fiction book of 1994 and was a best-seller. He is author of four books on Abraham Lincoln and eight other histories on topics relating to the American Civil War.<mask> was employed 1956–1973 as a staff correspondent and bureau chief on The Christian Science Monitor. Honors included the American Bar Association’s 1972 Silver Gavel Award for the best national reporting for a series on American prisons. He was a media specialist on the staff of Vice President Nelson Rockefeller 1973–1976 and press secretary to Democratic Senator Jeff Bingaman of New Mexico 1983–1988. His contributions to periodicals include articles in Civil War History, American Heritage, Civil War Times Illustrated, Columbiad, The Washington Post Book World, The New York Times, The New Republic, The Nation, The Los Angeles Times Magazine, The Boston Globe, The Boston Herald American, and Country Magazine. He has been a consultant to organizations including the National Archives and Records Administration, U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Atlantic Richfield Company, President’s Council on Environmental Quality, Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), and West Virginia Public Radio. He has been a tour guide for HistoryAmerica TOURS and Custom Travel Concepts. Published works Full-length narratives Lincoln and the War's EndSynopsis: The story of the last five months of the Civil War covering key political and military events, centering on Lincoln's involvement in each — including his final message to Congress, passage of the 13th amendment, the 2nd Inaugural, and his visit to the seat of war in its closing days.Southern Illinois University Press, 2014. Cloth: . Cloth: . ebook: . ebook: . How Historians Work: Retelling the Past — from the Civil War to the Wider World.Synopsis: Profiles of 24 prominent historians, of many different disciplines, and how they practice their craft, from where they find their ideas to how they do their research and their writing. State House Press, 2010.Paperback: . Lincoln and <mask>: The Troubled Partnership of a President and His General.Synopsis: An in-depth look at the relationship between this most dissimilar pair, from the early days of the Civil War to the 1864 presidential election when <mask> ran against Lincoln on an anti-war platform and lost. Palgrave MacMillan, 2010. Cloth: . One Man Great Enough: Abraham Lincoln’s Road to Civil War.Synopsis: How Abraham Lincoln, a frontier lawyer and politician, fought his rival, Stephen A. Douglas, in Illinois over the Union-splitting issue of slavery and rose to the presidency. Harcourt, 2007. Cloth: .Unabridged recording at BlackstoneAudio.com. The Class of 1846 — From West Point to Appomattox: Stonewall Jackson, <mask> and their Brothers. Foreword by James M. McPherson.Synopsis: The story of the men of the West Point class of 1846, the most distinguished of the antebellum years — as cadets at the academy, field officers in the Mexican and Indian Wars, and generals in the Civil War. Warner Books, 1994. Cloth . Ballantine Books, 1999. Paper .Unabridged recording at RecordedBooks.com. Reelecting Lincoln: The Battle for the 1864 Presidency.Synopsis: The dramatic story of the most unusual and one of the most important presidential elections in American history. Crown Publishers, 1997. Cloth . DaCapo Press, 2001. Paper: . Surviving the Confederacy: Rebellion, Ruin, and Recovery — Roger and Sara Pryor During the Civil War.Synopsis: A prominent Confederate couple’s experiences in the Civil War.Harcourt, 2002. Cloth: . On the Brink of Civil War: The Compromise of 1850 and How It Changed the Course of American History.Synopsis: How civil war was averted in 1850 when a compromise over slavery in the territories was hammered out in a contentious fight on the floor of the U.S. Senate. Scholarly Resources, 2003. Cloth: . Paper: . Shorter works Sam Bell Maxey and the Confederate Indians.Synopsis: The story of how a paleface West Pointer commanded the Confederate Indians in the last year of the Civil War.McWhiney Foundation Press, 1995. Paper: . Last Stand at Mobile.Synopsis: The story of the Union Navy under Admiral David Farragut ran past the blazing guns of Fort Morgan into Mobile Bay in August 1864 and how six months later the city fell to the Union army. McWhiney Foundation Press, 2001. Cloth: . Paper: . <mask> Bearss: History’s Pied Piper.Synopsis: Biography of the colorful, celebrated American historian and Chief Historian Emeritus of the National Park Service.Published by HistoryAmerica TOURS, 2003. Paper: . 20 Good Reasons to Study the Civil War. Foreword by Jim Lehrer.Synopsis: Twenty short essays on why the Civil War is important and warrants the study and attention of every American. McWhiney Foundation Press, 2004. Paper: . Awards Induction into the Texas Institute of Letters for outstanding contributions to literary Texas – 2011.Fort Worth (Texas) Civil War Round Table Pate Distinguished Service Award in recognition of outstanding contributions to Civil War history – 2012. Houston (Texas) Civil War Round Table Frank E. Vandiver Award of Merit – 2013. New York Civil War Round Table Fletcher Pratt Award for the best book of nonfiction on the Civil War published in 1994. Daughters of the American Revolution History Award Medal, in recognition of contributions that significantly advance the understanding of our nation's past through the study and promotion of an aspect of American history – 1998. Grady McWhiney Award of Merit for significant contributions to the scholarship and preservation of Civil War History – 2000. References External links American Bar Association, "Silver Gavel Award Winners – 1970s": http://www.abanet.org/publiced/gavel/newsg1970s.pdf http://www.cwrtnyc.org/pratt.htm http://www.tamu.edu/upress/MCWHINEY/mcgen.html Living people University of Arizona alumni 1929 births American male writers

<mask> was born in California and is an American historian. Post-graduate work in history and political science at UCLA and St. John's College was done while I was a student at the University of Arizona. Kathleen Dianne Lively is a social work administrator. Their children are a lawyer and a teacher. After working as a journalist, <mask> turned to media work for national politicians and began authoring books about history. He won the New York Civil War Round Table's award for the best non-fiction book of 1994 for "The Class of 1846: From West Point to Appomattox: Stonewall Jackson, <mask> and their Brothers." He is the author of a number of books on Abraham Lincoln and the American Civil War.He was a bureau chief and staff correspondent on The Christian Science Monitor. The American Bar Association gave the 1972 Silver Gavel Award for the best national reporting for a series on American prisons. He was a media specialist on the staff of Vice President Nelson Rockefeller. His contributions to periodicals include articles in Civil War History, American Heritage, Columbiad, The Washington Post Book World, The New York Times, The New Republic, The Nation, The Los Angeles Times Magazine, The Boston Globe, and Country Magazine. The National Archives and Records Administration, the U.S. Department of Energy, and the Atlantic Richfield Company are some of the organizations he has worked for. He is a tour guide for HistoryAmerica TOURS. Lincoln and the War's EndSynopsis: The story of the last five months of the Civil War covering key political and military events, centering on Lincoln's involvement in each.The Southern Illinois University Press. The cloth is. The cloth is. There is an ebook. There is an ebook. Profiles of 24 prominent historians, of many different disciplines, and how they practice their craft, from where they find their ideas to how they do their research and their writing are included in How Historians Work. The State House Press was published in 2010.The book is in a paperback format. Lincoln and <mask>: The Troubled Partnership of a President and His General is an in-depth look at the relationship between this most dissimilar pair, from the early days of the Civil War to the 1864 presidential election when <mask> ran against Lincoln on an anti-war platform and lost. The book is called Palgrave MacMillan. The cloth is. Abraham Lincoln, a frontier lawyer and politician, fought his rival, Stephen A. Douglas, in Illinois over the Union-splitting issue of slavery and rose to the presidency. The year 2007. The cloth is.There is a recording at BlackstoneAudio.com. <mask> and his Brothers were part of the Class of 1846. The story of the men of the West Point class of 1846 is the most distinguished of the antebellum years, as cadets at the academy, field officers in the Mexican and Indian Wars, and generals in the Civil War. Warner Books was published in 1994. There is a cloth. The books were published in 1999. There is a paper.There is an unabridged recording at RecordedBooks.com. One of the most important presidential elections in American history was called Reelecting Lincoln: The Battle for the 1864 Presidency. Crown Publishers was founded in 1997. There is a cloth. DaCapo Press was published in 2001. There is a paper. Surviving the Confederacy is a novel about the experiences of a Confederate couple during the Civil War.Harcourt in 2002. The cloth is. Civil war was averted in 1850 when a compromise over slavery in the territories was hammered out in a contentious fight on the floor of the U.S. Senate. There are scholarly resources. The cloth is. There is a paper. The story of how a paleface West Pointer commanded the Confederate Indians in the last year of the Civil War was written by Sam Bell Maxey.The McWhiney Foundation Press was published in 1995. There is a paper. The story of the Union Navy under David Farragut ran past the guns of Fort Morgan into Mobile Bay in August 1864 and how six months later the city fell to the Union army. McWhiney Foundation Press was published in 2001. The cloth is. There is a paper. Biography of the colorful, celebrated American historian and Chief Historian of the National Park Service.It was published in 2003 by HistoryAmerica Tours. There is a paper. There are good reasons to study the Civil War. There are twenty short essays on why the Civil War is important and warrants the study and attention of every American. McWhiney Foundation Press was published in 2004. There is a paper. The Texas Institute of Letters has awards for outstanding contributions.The Civil War Round Table Pate distinguished service award recognizes outstanding contributions to Civil War history. The Frank E. Vandiver Award of Merit was presented in Houston. The best book of nonfiction on the Civil War was published in 1994. The Daughters of the American Revolution History Award medal is given to people who have made significant contributions to the understanding of our nation's past through the study and promotion of an aspect of American history. The McWhiney Award for significant contributions to the scholarship and preservation of Civil War History was presented in 2000. The American Bar Association "Silver Gavel Award Winners - 1970s" can be found at: http://www.abanet.org/publiced/gavel/newsg1970s.

427866

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent%20Persichetti

Vincent Persichetti

Vincent Ludwig Persichetti (June 6, 1915 – August 14, 1987) was an American composer, teacher, and pianist. An important musical educator and writer, he was known for his integration of various new ideas in musical composition into his own work and teaching, as well as for training many noted composers in composition at the Juilliard School. His students at Juilliard included Philip Glass, Bruce Adolphe, Louis Calabro, Michael Jeffrey Shapiro, Laurie Spiegel, Kenneth Fuchs, Richard Danielpour, Lawrence Dillon, Peter Schickele, Lowell Liebermann, Robert Witt, Elena Ruehr, William Schimmel, Leonardo Balada, Gitta Steiner, Hank Beebe, Roland Wiggins, Randell Croley and Leo Brouwer. He also taught composition to Joseph Willcox Jenkins and conductor James DePreist at the Philadelphia Conservatory. Life Persichetti was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1915. Though neither of his parents were musicians, his musical education began early. Persichetti enrolled in the Combs College of Music at the age of five, where he studied piano, organ, double bass and later music theory and composition with Russel King Miller, whom he considered a great influence. He first performed his original works publicly at the age of 14. By the time he reached his teens, Persichetti was paying for his own education by accompanying and performing. He continued to do so throughout high school, adding church organist, orchestral player and radio staff pianist to his experience. In addition to developing his musical talents, he attended art school and remained an avid sculptor until his death. He attended Combs for his undergraduate education as well. After receiving a bachelor's degree in 1936, he was immediately offered a teaching position. By the age of 20, Persichetti was simultaneously head of the theory and composition department at Combs, a conducting major with Fritz Reiner at the Curtis Institute, and a student of piano (with Olga Samaroff) and composition at the Philadelphia Conservatory. He earned a master's degree in 1941 and a doctorate in 1945 from the Conservatory, as well as a conducting diploma from Curtis. In 1941, while still a student, Persichetti headed the theory and composition department as well as the department of postgraduate study at Philadelphia Conservatory. In 1941 Persichetti married Dorothea Flanagan who is a composer as well. They had a daughter named Lauren who is a dancer. In 1947, William Schuman offered him a professorship at Juilliard. While at the Juilliard School, Persichetti was devoted to the wind band movement and advocated William Schuman and Peter Mennin to compose pieces for wind band. He was on staff at Juilliard for over forty years. Persichetti's students included Einojuhani Rautavaara, Leonardo Balada, Steven Gellman, Peter Schickele (P.D.Q. Bach), Michael Jeffrey Shapiro, Claire Polin, Toshi Ichiyanagi, Robert Witt (who also studied with Persichetti at the Philadelphia Conservatory) , Randell Croley and Philip Glass. He became editorial director of the Elkan-Vogel publishing house in 1952. Music Persichetti is one of the major figures in American music of the 20th century, both as a teacher and a composer. Notably, his Hymns and Responses for the Church Year has become a standard setting for church choirs. His numerous compositions for wind ensemble are often introductions to contemporary music for high school and college students. His early style was marked by the influences of Stravinsky, Bartók, Hindemith, and Copland before he developed his distinct voice in the 1950s. Persichetti's music draws on a wide variety of thought in 20th-century contemporary composition as well as Big Band music. His own style was marked by use of two elements he refers to as "graceful" and "gritty": the former being more lyrical and melodic, the latter being sharp and intensely rhythmic. Especially true of his early compositions, Persichetti said he "liked bumpy melodic lines and was crazy about music that moved along a zigzag path." He frequently used polytonality and pandiatonicism in his writing, and his music could be marked by sharp rhythmic interjections, but his embracing of diverse strands of musical thought makes characterizing his body of work difficult. This trend continued throughout his compositional career. His music lacked sharp changes in style over time. He frequently composed while driving in his car, sometimes taping staff paper to the steering wheel. His piano music forms the bulk of his creative output, with a concerto, a concertino, twelve sonatas, and a variety of other pieces written for the instrument. These were virtuosic pieces as well as pedagogical and amateur-level compositions. Persichetti was an accomplished pianist. He wrote many pieces suitable for less mature performers, considering them to have serious artistic merit. Persichetti is also one of the major composers for the concert wind band repertoire, with his 14 works for the ensemble. In 1950, Persichetti composed his first work for band, which was the Divertimento for Band. The Symphony No. 6 for band is of particular note as a standard larger work. This piece boasts complex percussion lines crucial to the work's thematic material as well as utilizes the full spectrum of colors and timbres of the wind band. He wrote one opera, entitled The Sibyl. The music was noted by critics for its color, but the dramatic and vocal aspects of the work were found by some to be lacking. He wrote nine symphonies, of which the first two were withdrawn, and four string quartets. Many of his other works are organized into series. One of these, a collection of primarily instrumental works entitled Parables, contains 25 works, many for unaccompanied wind instruments (complete listing below). His 15 Serenades include such unconventional combinations as a trio for trombone, viola, and cello, as well as selections for orchestra, for band, and for duo piano. During the 1950s, Persichetti was perceived to "truly achieve his own distinctive voice," in the words of Walter G. Simmons. One of Persichetti's most revered compositions is his Concierto for Piano, Four Hands. This duet was first performed at the Pittsburgh International Contemporary Music Festival on November 29, 1952. The piece itself gives the listener the illusion that the two pianists are having a pleasant conversation, without using words, but just musical notes. The duet featured both Vincent and Dorothea Persichetti as the performers. In his review in the Manchester Guardian, Colin Mason stated, "The Concierto for Piano, Four Hands was for me one of the most interesting stimulating American works of the Pittsburgh International Contemporary Music Festival." Persichetti's esthetic was essentially conservative, a distinctive blend of Classical, Romantic and Modernist elements, contrapuntal, rhythmically charged and expertly scored. His musical imagination was multifaceted and highly virtuosic. "Following the lineage of Mozart, Mendelssohn and Ravel, Persichetti's music suggests the innocence and childlike joy of pure musical creativity", Walter Simmons wrote in the New Grove Dictionary of American Music. "Hence many works for beginners stand, with neither condescension nor apology, alongside more difficult compositions." Persichetti frequently appeared as a lecturer on college campuses, for which he was noted for his witty and engaging manner. He wrote the noted music theory textbook, Twentieth Century Harmony: Creative Aspects and Practice. He and Flora Rheta Schreiber wrote a monograph on William Schuman. Persichetti was a big fan of collaboration between music and dance. He encouraged his students at Juilliard to work with the dance program to create compositions for the dancers choreography. Persichetti also collaborated with choreographers professionally. He worked with Martha Graham. He admired her seriousness and her commitment to movement. Persichetti believed that music has to stand on its own and can not be married to dance, one can not depend on the other. He once said, "There isn't such thing as dance music. Music is dance, it's motion." Persichetti performed many concerts consisting of improvisation. He believed any composer/artist must improvise to create. Works Selected works Celebrations, for Chorus and Wind Ensemble, Op. 103 Chorale Prelude: So Pure the Star, Op. 91 Chorale Prelude: Turn Not Thy Face, Op. 105 Divertimento for Band, Op. 42 Masquerade for Band, Op. 102 Masques for violin and piano Op. 99 Mass for a capella mixed chorus, Op. 84 Pageant, Op. 59 Parable IX for Band, Op. 121 Pastoral for Wind Quintet, Op. 21 Psalm for Band, Op. 53 Symphony No. 6 for Band (1956) The Hollow Men, for trumpet and string orchestra, Op. 25 The Sibyl: A Parable of Chicken Little (Parable XX): An Opera in One Act, Op. 135 Winter Cantata, Op. 97 for Women's Chorus, Flute, and Marimba Complete listing of parables Parable [I] for Flute, Op. 100 (1965) Parable II for Brass Quintet, Op. 108 (1968) Parable III for Oboe, Op. 109 (1968) Parable IV for Bassoon, Op. 110 (1969) Parable V for Carillon, Op. 112 (1969) Parable VI for Organ, Op. 117 (1971) Parable VII for Harp, Op. 119 (1971) Parable VIII for Horn, Op. 120 (1972) Parable IX for Band, Op. 121 (1972) String Quartet No. 4 (Parable X), Op. 122 (1972) Parable XI for Alto Saxophone, Op. 123 (1972) Parable XII for Piccolo, Op. 125 (1973) Parable XIII for Clarinet, Op. 126 (1973) Parable XIV for Trumpet, Op. 127 (1975) Parable XV for English Horn, Op. 128 (1973) Parable XVI for Viola, Op. 130 (1974) Parable XVII for Double Bass, Op. 131 (1974) Parable XVIII for Trombone, Op. 133 (1975) Parable XIX for Piano, Op. 134 (1975) The Sibyl: A Parable of Chicken Little (Parable XX): An Opera in One Act, Op. 135 Parable XXI for Guitar, Op. 140 (1978) Parable XXII for Tuba, Op. 147 (1981) Parable XXIII for Violin, Cello, and Piano, Op. 150 (1981) Parable XXIV for Harpsichord, Op. 153 (1982) Parable XXV for Two Trumpets, Op. 164 (1986) Poems for piano Volume 1, Op. 4: Unroll the flicker's rousing drum (Louis Untermeyer First Words Before Spring) Soft is the collied night (James Elroy Flecker Fountains) Gather for festival bright weed and purple shell (William Watson Songs from Cyprus) Wake subtler dreams, and touch me nigh to tears (William Watson The Frontier) Ravished lute, sing to her virgin ears (Robert Fitzgerald Song after Campion) Whose thin fraud I wink at privily (William Watson The Mock Self) Volume 2, Op. 5: And warm winds spilled fragrance into her solitudes (Edmond Kowalewski Change) To whose more clear than crystal voice the frost had joined a crystal spell (Léonie Adams Home Coming) Sleep, weary mind; dream, heart's desire (Edna St. Vincent Millay There are no islands any more) Dust in sunlight, and memory in corners (T. S. Eliot A Song for Simeon) Make me drunken with deep red torrents of joy (John Gould Fletcher Autumnal Clouds) Volume 3, Op. 14: Rear its frondings sighing in aetherial folds (Hart Crane Royal Palm) Listen! Can you hear the antic melody of fear those two anxious feet are playing? (Walter Prude) Puffed out and marching upon a blue sky (Amy Lowell Lilacs) And hunged like those top jewels of the night (Léonie Adams Twilit Revelation) Each gay dunce shall lend a hand (John Trumbull The Country Clown) List of selected works Concertino for Piano, op.16, 1941 Symphony no.1, op.18, 1942 Symphony no.2, op.19, 1942 Dance Overture, op.20, 1942 Fables, op.23, 1943 The Hollow Men, op.25, 1944 Symphony no.3, op.30, 1946 Serenade no.5, op.43, 1950 Fairy Tale, op.48, 195 Symphony no.4, op.51, 1951 Symphony for Strings (Sym. no.5), op.61, 1953 Symphony no.7 ‘Liturgical’, op.80, 1958 Piano Concerto, op.90, 1962 Introit, op.96, 1964 Symphony no.8, op.106, 1967 Symphony no.9 ‘Sinfonia janiculum’, op.113, 1970 Night Dances, op.114, 1970 A Lincoln Address, op.124, 1972 Concerto for English Horn and Strings, op.137, 1977 Band: Divertimento, op.42, 1950 Psalm, op.53, 1952 Pageant, op.59, 1953 Symphony for Band (Sym. no.6), op.69, 1956 Serenade no.11, op.85, 1960 Bagatelles, op.87, 1961 So Pure the Star, chorale prelude, op.91, 1962 Masquerade, op.102, 1965 Turn not thy Face, chorale prelude, op.105, 1966 O Cool is the Valley (Poem for Band), op.118, 1971 A Lincoln Address, op.124a, nar, band, 1973 O God Unseen, chorale prelude, op.160, 1984 Vocal Choral: Magnificat and Nunc Dimittis, op.8, SATB, pf, 1940 Canons, op.31, SSAA/TTBB/SATB, 1947 2 Cummings Choruses (e.e. cummings), op.33, 2vv, pf, 1948 I. jimmie's got a goil II. sam was a man Proverb, op.34, SATB, 1948 2 Cummings Choruses, op.46, SSAA, 1950 I. hist whist II. this is the garden Hymns and Responses for the Church Year (W.H. Auden and others), op.68, 1955 Seek the Highest (F. Adler), op.78, SAB, pf, 1957 Song of Peace (anon.), op.82, TTBB/SATB, pf, 1959 Mass, op.84, SATB, 1960 Stabat mater, op.92, SATB, orch, 1963 Te Deum, op.93, SATB, orch, 1963 Spring Cantata (Cummings), op.94, SSAA, pf, 1963 Winter Cantata (11 Haiku), op.97, SSAA, fl, mar, 1964 4 Cummings Choruses, op.98, 2vv, pf, 1964 I. dominic has a doll II. nouns to nouns III. maggie and millie and molly and may IV. uncles Celebrations (cant., W. Whitman), op.103, SATB, wind ens, 1966 The Pleiades (cant., Whitman), op.107, SATB, tpt, str, 1967 The Creation (Persichetti), op.111, S, A, T, Bar, SATB, orch, 1969; Love (Bible: Corinthians), op.116, SSAA, 1971 Glad and Very (Cummings), op.129, 2vv, 1974 Flower Songs (Cant. no.6) (Cummings), op.157, SATB, str, 1983 Hymns and Responses for the Church Year, vol. 2, op.166, 1987 Solo: e.e. cummings Songs, op.26, 1945, unpublished 2 Chinese Songs, op.29, 1945 3 English Songs (17th century), op.49, 1951, unpublished Harmonium (W. Stevens), song cycle, op.50, S, pf, 1951 Sara Teasdale Songs, op.72, 1957, unpublished Carl Sandburg Songs, op.73, 1957, unpublished James Joyce Songs, op.74, 1957 Hilaire Belloc Songs, op.75, 1957 Robert Frost Songs, op.76, 1957, unpublished Emily Dickinson Songs, op.77, 1957 A Net of Fireflies (Jap., trans. H. Steward), song cycle, op.115, 1970 Chamber and Solo Instrumental 3 or more instruments: Serenade no.1, op.1, 10 wind, 1929 Str Qt no.1, op.7, 1939 Concertato, op.12, piano quintet, 1940 Serenade no.3, op.17, violin, cello, piano, 1941 Pastoral, op.21, woodwind quintet, 1943 String Quartet no.2, op.24, 1944 King Lear, op.35, woodwind quintet, timpani, piano, 1948 Serenade no.6, op.44, trombone, viola, cello, 1950 Piano Quintet, op.66, 1954 String Quartet no.3, op.81, 1959 1–2 instruments: Suite, op.9, violin, cello, 1940, unpublished Sonata, op.10, violin, 1940 Fantasy, op.15, violin, piano, 1941, unpublished Vocalise, op.27, cello, piano, 1945 Serenade no.4, op.28, violin, piano, 1945 Sonata, op.54, cello, 1952 Little Recorder Book, op.70, 1956 Serenade no.9, op.71, 2 recorder, 1956 Serenade no.10, op.79, flute, harp, 1957 Infanta marina, op.83, viola, piano, 1960 Serenade no.12, op.88, tuba, 1961 Serenade no.13, op.95, 2 clarinets, 1963 Masques, op.99, violin, piano, 1965 Serenade no.14, op.159, oboe, 1984 Keyboard Piano: Serenade no.2, op.2, 1929 Sonata no.1, op.3, 1939 Poems, vols.1–2, opp.4–5, 1939 Sonata no.2, op.6, 1939 Sonata, op.13, 2 pianos, 1940 Poems, vol. 3, op.14, 1941 Sonata no.3, op.22, 1943 Variations for an Album, op.32, 1947 Sonata no.4, op.36, 1949 Sonata no.5, op.37, 1949 Sonatina no.1, op.38, 1950 Sonata no.6, op.39, 1950 Sonata no.7, op.40, 1950 Sonata no.8, op.41, 1950 Sonatina no.2, op.45, 1950 Sonatina no.3, op.47, 1950 Serenade no.7, op.55, 1952 Concerto, op.56, 4 hands, 1952 Parades, op.57, 1952 Sonata no.9, op.58, 1952; Little Piano Book, op.60, 1953 Serenade no.8, op.62, 4 hands, 1954 Sonatina no.4, op.63, 1954 Sonatina no.5, op.64, 1954 Sonatina no.6, op.65, 1954 Sonata no.10, op.67, 1955 Sonata no.11, op.101, 1965 Little Mirror Book, op.139, 1978 Reflective Studies, op.138, 1978 4 Arabesques, op.141, 1978 3 Toccatinas, op.142, 1979 Mirror Etudes, op.143, 1979 Sonata no.12, op.145, 1980 Winter Solstice, op.165, 1986 Other: Sonatine, op.11, organ pedals, 1940 Harpsichord Sonata no.1, op.52, 1951 Organ Sonata, op.86, 1960 Shimah b'koli, op.89, organ, 1962 Drop, Drop Slow Tears, chorale prelude, op.104, organ, 1966 Do Not Go Gentle, op.132, organ pedals, 1974 Auden Variations, op.136, organ, 1977 Dryden Liturgical Suite, op.144, organ, 1980 Harpsichord Sonata no.2, op.146, 1981 Song of David, op.148, org, 1981 Harpsichord Sonata no.3, op.149, 1981 Harpsichord Sonata no.4, op.151, 1982 Harpsichord Sonata no.5, op.152, 1982 Harpsichord Sonata no.6, op.154, 1982 Little Hpd Book, op.155, 1983 Harpsichord Sonata no.7, op.156, 1983 Harpsichord Sonata no.8, op.158, 1984 Serenade no.15, op.161, harpsichord, 1984 Give Peace, O God, chorale prelude, op.162, organ, 1985 Harpsichord Sonata no.9, op.163, 1985 Awards and honors In honor of Persichetti's influence on American music, on May 19, 1984, he was awarded the University of Pennsylvania Glee Club Award of Merit. Beginning in 1964, this award "established to bring a declaration of appreciation to an individual each year that has made a significant contribution to the world of music and helped to create a climate in which our talents may find valid expression." Persichetti was an honorary brother of the Delta Eta chapter of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia at Youngstown State University. He was initiated into the fraternity on April 1, 1961. Persichetti was an honorary brother of the Omicron chapter of Kappa Kappa Psi at West Virginia University. He was initiated into the fraternity on November 17, 1967. References Further reading Bell, Larry. Review of Vincent Persichetti: The Louisville Orchestra for Sequenza21.com Burleson, Geoffrey "Vincent Persichetti and the Piano Sonata". Liner notes to Vincent Persichetti: Complete Piano Sonatas. New World Records. Cassaro, James P. "Persichetti, Vincent". Grove Music Online Minut, Mirabella A. Style and Compositional Techniques in Vincent Persichetti's Ten Sonatas for Harpsichord. DMA diss. Muncie: Ball State University, 2009. Morris, Donald. The Life of Vincent Persichetti, With Emphasis on His Works for Band. PhD dissertation, Florida State University, 1991. Patterson, Donald L., and Janet L. Patterson. Vincent Persichetti: A Bio-Biography. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1988. Simmons, Walter. The Music of William Schuman, Vincent Persichetti, and Peter Mennin: Voices of Stone and Steel. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, 2011. . Simmons, Walter G. "Persichetti, Vincent". Grove Music Online External links Vincent Persichetti's page, Carl Fischer Vincent Persichetti's page, Theodore Presser Company Vincent Persichetti papers, 1901–1996 Music Division, New York Public Library Vincent Persichetti collection of noncommercial recordings, 1940–1987 Music Division, New York Public Library Dorothea Flanagan Persichetti scrapbook, 1925–1941 Music Division, New York Public Library Unsung Songs, discussion of Emily Dickinson songs, Opus 77, by Vincent Persichetti Persichetti information and trivia, bandroom.com List of works, ArkivMusic Vincent Persichetti Society Vincent Persichetti Music Association Interviews Vincent Persichetti interview by Bruce Duffie, November 15, 1986 David Dubal interview with Vincent Persichetti, WNCN-FM, June 3, 1984 Interview with Tim Page, WNYC, May 12, 1987 Listening Art of the States: Vincent Persichetti Night Dances, op. 114 (1970) 1915 births 1987 deaths 20th-century American composers 20th-century American male musicians 20th-century classical composers American classical composers American male classical composers American people of Italian descent Classical musicians from Pennsylvania Combs College of Music alumni Composers for carillon Curtis Institute of Music alumni Juilliard School faculty Musicians from Philadelphia Pupils of Fritz Reiner University of the Arts (Philadelphia) alumni University of the Arts (Philadelphia) faculty

<mask> (June 6, 1915 – August 14, 1987) was an American composer, teacher, and pianist. An important musical educator and writer, he was known for his integration of various new ideas in musical composition into his own work and teaching, as well as for training many noted composers in composition at the Juilliard School. His students at Juilliard included Philip Glass, Bruce Adolphe, Louis Calabro, Michael Jeffrey Shapiro, Laurie Spiegel, Kenneth Fuchs, Richard Danielpour, Lawrence Dillon, Peter Schickele, Lowell Liebermann, Robert Witt, Elena Ruehr, William Schimmel, Leonardo Balada, Gitta Steiner, Hank Beebe, Roland Wiggins, Randell Croley and Leo Brouwer. He also taught composition to Joseph Willcox Jenkins and conductor James DePreist at the Philadelphia Conservatory. <mask> was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1915. Though neither of his parents were musicians, his musical education began early. Persichetti enrolled in the Combs College of Music at the age of five, where he studied piano, organ, double bass and later music theory and composition with Russel King Miller, whom he considered a great influence.He first performed his original works publicly at the age of 14. By the time he reached his teens, Persichetti was paying for his own education by accompanying and performing. He continued to do so throughout high school, adding church organist, orchestral player and radio staff pianist to his experience. In addition to developing his musical talents, he attended art school and remained an avid sculptor until his death. He attended Combs for his undergraduate education as well. After receiving a bachelor's degree in 1936, he was immediately offered a teaching position. By the age of 20, <mask> was simultaneously head of the theory and composition department at Combs, a conducting major with Fritz Reiner at the Curtis Institute, and a student of piano (with Olga Samaroff) and composition at the Philadelphia Conservatory.He earned a master's degree in 1941 and a doctorate in 1945 from the Conservatory, as well as a conducting diploma from Curtis. In 1941, while still a student, Persichetti headed the theory and composition department as well as the department of postgraduate study at Philadelphia Conservatory. In 1941 Persichetti married Dorothea Flanagan who is a composer as well. They had a daughter named Lauren who is a dancer. In 1947, William Schuman offered him a professorship at Juilliard. While at the Juilliard School, Persichetti was devoted to the wind band movement and advocated William Schuman and Peter Mennin to compose pieces for wind band. He was on staff at Juilliard for over forty years.Persichetti's students included Einojuhani Rautavaara, Leonardo Balada, Steven Gellman, Peter Schickele (P.D.Q. Bach), Michael Jeffrey Shapiro, Claire Polin, Toshi Ichiyanagi, Robert Witt (who also studied with <mask> at the Philadelphia Conservatory) , Randell Croley and Philip Glass. He became editorial director of the Elkan-Vogel publishing house in 1952. Music Persichetti is one of the major figures in American music of the 20th century, both as a teacher and a composer. Notably, his Hymns and Responses for the Church Year has become a standard setting for church choirs. His numerous compositions for wind ensemble are often introductions to contemporary music for high school and college students. His early style was marked by the influences of Stravinsky, Bartók, Hindemith, and Copland before he developed his distinct voice in the 1950s.<mask>'s music draws on a wide variety of thought in 20th-century contemporary composition as well as Big Band music. His own style was marked by use of two elements he refers to as "graceful" and "gritty": the former being more lyrical and melodic, the latter being sharp and intensely rhythmic. Especially true of his early compositions, <mask> said he "liked bumpy melodic lines and was crazy about music that moved along a zigzag path." He frequently used polytonality and pandiatonicism in his writing, and his music could be marked by sharp rhythmic interjections, but his embracing of diverse strands of musical thought makes characterizing his body of work difficult. This trend continued throughout his compositional career. His music lacked sharp changes in style over time. He frequently composed while driving in his car, sometimes taping staff paper to the steering wheel.His piano music forms the bulk of his creative output, with a concerto, a concertino, twelve sonatas, and a variety of other pieces written for the instrument. These were virtuosic pieces as well as pedagogical and amateur-level compositions. <mask> was an accomplished pianist. He wrote many pieces suitable for less mature performers, considering them to have serious artistic merit. <mask> is also one of the major composers for the concert wind band repertoire, with his 14 works for the ensemble. In 1950, <mask> composed his first work for band, which was the Divertimento for Band. The Symphony No.6 for band is of particular note as a standard larger work. This piece boasts complex percussion lines crucial to the work's thematic material as well as utilizes the full spectrum of colors and timbres of the wind band. He wrote one opera, entitled The Sibyl. The music was noted by critics for its color, but the dramatic and vocal aspects of the work were found by some to be lacking. He wrote nine symphonies, of which the first two were withdrawn, and four string quartets. Many of his other works are organized into series. One of these, a collection of primarily instrumental works entitled Parables, contains 25 works, many for unaccompanied wind instruments (complete listing below).His 15 Serenades include such unconventional combinations as a trio for trombone, viola, and cello, as well as selections for orchestra, for band, and for duo piano. During the 1950s, <mask> was perceived to "truly achieve his own distinctive voice," in the words of Walter G. Simmons. One of <mask>'s most revered compositions is his Concierto for Piano, Four Hands. This duet was first performed at the Pittsburgh International Contemporary Music Festival on November 29, 1952. The piece itself gives the listener the illusion that the two pianists are having a pleasant conversation, without using words, but just musical notes. The duet featured both <mask> and <mask> as the performers. In his review in the Manchester Guardian, Colin Mason stated, "The Concierto for Piano, Four Hands was for me one of the most interesting stimulating American works of the Pittsburgh International Contemporary Music Festival."<mask>'s esthetic was essentially conservative, a distinctive blend of Classical, Romantic and Modernist elements, contrapuntal, rhythmically charged and expertly scored. His musical imagination was multifaceted and highly virtuosic. "Following the lineage of Mozart, Mendelssohn and Ravel, Persichetti's music suggests the innocence and childlike joy of pure musical creativity", Walter Simmons wrote in the New Grove Dictionary of American Music. "Hence many works for beginners stand, with neither condescension nor apology, alongside more difficult compositions." <mask> frequently appeared as a lecturer on college campuses, for which he was noted for his witty and engaging manner. He wrote the noted music theory textbook, Twentieth Century Harmony: Creative Aspects and Practice. He and Flora Rheta Schreiber wrote a monograph on William Schuman.<mask> was a big fan of collaboration between music and dance. He encouraged his students at Juilliard to work with the dance program to create compositions for the dancers choreography. Persichetti also collaborated with choreographers professionally. He worked with Martha Graham. He admired her seriousness and her commitment to movement. Persichetti believed that music has to stand on its own and can not be married to dance, one can not depend on the other. He once said, "There isn't such thing as dance music.Music is dance, it's motion." Persichetti performed many concerts consisting of improvisation. He believed any composer/artist must improvise to create. Works Selected works Celebrations, for Chorus and Wind Ensemble, Op. 103 Chorale Prelude: So Pure the Star, Op. 91 Chorale Prelude: Turn Not Thy Face, Op. 105 Divertimento for Band, Op.42 Masquerade for Band, Op. 102 Masques for violin and piano Op. 99 Mass for a capella mixed chorus, Op. 84 Pageant, Op. 59 Parable IX for Band, Op. 121 Pastoral for Wind Quintet, Op. 21 Psalm for Band, Op.53 Symphony No. 6 for Band (1956) The Hollow Men, for trumpet and string orchestra, Op. 25 The Sibyl: A Parable of Chicken Little (Parable XX): An Opera in One Act, Op. 135 Winter Cantata, Op. 97 for Women's Chorus, Flute, and Marimba Complete listing of parables Parable [I] for Flute, Op. 100 (1965) Parable II for Brass Quintet, Op. 108 (1968) Parable III for Oboe, Op.109 (1968) Parable IV for Bassoon, Op. 110 (1969) Parable V for Carillon, Op. 112 (1969) Parable VI for Organ, Op. 117 (1971) Parable VII for Harp, Op. 119 (1971) Parable VIII for Horn, Op. 120 (1972) Parable IX for Band, Op. 121 (1972) String Quartet No.4 (Parable X), Op. 122 (1972) Parable XI for Alto Saxophone, Op. 123 (1972) Parable XII for Piccolo, Op. 125 (1973) Parable XIII for Clarinet, Op. 126 (1973) Parable XIV for Trumpet, Op. 127 (1975) Parable XV for English Horn, Op. 128 (1973) Parable XVI for Viola, Op.130 (1974) Parable XVII for Double Bass, Op. 131 (1974) Parable XVIII for Trombone, Op. 133 (1975) Parable XIX for Piano, Op. 134 (1975) The Sibyl: A Parable of Chicken Little (Parable XX): An Opera in One Act, Op. 135 Parable XXI for Guitar, Op. 140 (1978) Parable XXII for Tuba, Op. 147 (1981) Parable XXIII for Violin, Cello, and Piano, Op.150 (1981) Parable XXIV for Harpsichord, Op. 153 (1982) Parable XXV for Two Trumpets, Op. 164 (1986) Poems for piano Volume 1, Op. 4: Unroll the flicker's rousing drum (Louis Untermeyer First Words Before Spring) Soft is the collied night (James Elroy Flecker Fountains) Gather for festival bright weed and purple shell (William Watson Songs from Cyprus) Wake subtler dreams, and touch me nigh to tears (William Watson The Frontier) Ravished lute, sing to her virgin ears (Robert Fitzgerald Song after Campion) Whose thin fraud I wink at privily (William Watson The Mock Self) Volume 2, Op. 5: And warm winds spilled fragrance into her solitudes (Edmond Kowalewski Change) To whose more clear than crystal voice the frost had joined a crystal spell (Léonie Adams Home Coming) Sleep, weary mind; dream, heart's desire (Edna St. Vincent Millay There are no islands any more) Dust in sunlight, and memory in corners (T. S. Eliot A Song for Simeon) Make me drunken with deep red torrents of joy (John Gould Fletcher Autumnal Clouds) Volume 3, Op. 14: Rear its frondings sighing in aetherial folds (Hart Crane Royal Palm) Listen! Can you hear the antic melody of fear those two anxious feet are playing?(Walter Prude) Puffed out and marching upon a blue sky (Amy Lowell Lilacs) And hunged like those top jewels of the night (Léonie Adams Twilit Revelation) Each gay dunce shall lend a hand (John Trumbull The Country Clown) List of selected works Concertino for Piano, op.16, 1941 Symphony no.1, op.18, 1942 Symphony no.2, op.19, 1942 Dance Overture, op.20, 1942 Fables, op.23, 1943 The Hollow Men, op.25, 1944 Symphony no.3, op.30, 1946 Serenade no.5, op.43, 1950 Fairy Tale, op.48, 195 Symphony no.4, op.51, 1951 Symphony for Strings (Sym. no.5), op.61, 1953 Symphony no.7 ‘Liturgical’, op.80, 1958 Piano Concerto, op.90, 1962 Introit, op.96, 1964 Symphony no.8, op.106, 1967 Symphony no.9 ‘Sinfonia janiculum’, op.113, 1970 Night Dances, op.114, 1970 A Lincoln Address, op.124, 1972 Concerto for English Horn and Strings, op.137, 1977 Band: Divertimento, op.42, 1950 Psalm, op.53, 1952 Pageant, op.59, 1953 Symphony for Band (Sym. no.6), op.69, 1956 Serenade no.11, op.85, 1960 Bagatelles, op.87, 1961 So Pure the Star, chorale prelude, op.91, 1962 Masquerade, op.102, 1965 Turn not thy Face, chorale prelude, op.105, 1966 O Cool is the Valley (Poem for Band), op.118, 1971 A Lincoln Address, op.124a, nar, band, 1973 O God Unseen, chorale prelude, op.160, 1984 Vocal Choral: Magnificat and Nunc Dimittis, op.8, SATB, pf, 1940 Canons, op.31, SSAA/TTBB/SATB, 1947 2 Cummings Choruses (e.e. cummings), op.33, 2vv, pf, 1948 I. jimmie's got a goil II. sam was a man Proverb, op.34, SATB, 1948 2 Cummings Choruses, op.46, SSAA, 1950 I. hist whist II. this is the garden Hymns and Responses for the Church Year (W.H. Auden and others), op.68, 1955 Seek the Highest (F. Adler), op.78, SAB, pf, 1957 Song of Peace (anon.), op.82, TTBB/SATB, pf, 1959 Mass, op.84, SATB, 1960 Stabat mater, op.92, SATB, orch, 1963 Te Deum, op.93, SATB, orch, 1963 Spring Cantata (Cummings), op.94, SSAA, pf, 1963 Winter Cantata (11 Haiku), op.97, SSAA, fl, mar, 1964 4 Cummings Choruses, op.98, 2vv, pf, 1964 I. dominic has a doll II. nouns to nouns III. maggie and millie and molly and may IV. uncles Celebrations (cant., W. Whitman), op.103, SATB, wind ens, 1966 The Pleiades (cant., Whitman), op.107, SATB, tpt, str, 1967 The Creation (Persichetti), op.111, S, A, T, Bar, SATB, orch, 1969; Love (Bible: Corinthians), op.116, SSAA, 1971 Glad and Very (Cummings), op.129, 2vv, 1974 Flower Songs (Cant. no.6) (Cummings), op.157, SATB, str, 1983 Hymns and Responses for the Church Year, vol. 2, op.166, 1987 Solo: e.e. cummings Songs, op.26, 1945, unpublished 2 Chinese Songs, op.29, 1945 3 English Songs (17th century), op.49, 1951, unpublished Harmonium (W. Stevens), song cycle, op.50, S, pf, 1951 Sara Teasdale Songs, op.72, 1957, unpublished Carl Sandburg Songs, op.73, 1957, unpublished James Joyce Songs, op.74, 1957 Hilaire Belloc Songs, op.75, 1957 Robert Frost Songs, op.76, 1957, unpublished Emily Dickinson Songs, op.77, 1957 A Net of Fireflies (Jap., trans.Beginning in 1964, this award "established to bring a declaration of appreciation to an individual each year that has made a significant contribution to the world of music and helped to create a climate in which our talents may find valid expression." <mask> was an honorary brother of the Delta Eta chapter of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia at Youngstown State University. He was initiated into the fraternity on April 1, 1961. Persichetti was an honorary brother of the Omicron chapter of Kappa Kappa Psi at West Virginia University. He was initiated into the fraternity on November 17, 1967. References Further reading Bell, Larry. Review of <mask>ti: The Louisville Orchestra for Sequenza21.com Burleson, Geoffrey "<mask>ti and the Piano Sonata".Liner notes to <mask>: Complete Piano Sonatas. New World Records. Cassaro, James P. "Persichetti, <mask>". Grove Music Online Minut, Mirabella A. Style and Compositional Techniques in <mask>'s Ten Sonatas for Harpsichord. DMA diss. Muncie: Ball State University, 2009.Morris, Donald. The Life of <mask>, With Emphasis on His Works for Band. PhD dissertation, Florida State University, 1991. Patterson, Donald L., and Janet L. Patterson. <mask>: A Bio-Biography. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1988. Simmons, Walter.The Music of William Schuman, <mask>, and Peter Mennin: Voices of Stone and Steel. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, 2011. . Simmons, Walter G. "Persichetti, <mask>". Grove Music Online External links <mask>ti's page, Carl Fischer Vincent Persichetti's page, Theodore Presser Company Vincent Persichetti papers, 1901–1996 Music Division, New York Public Library <mask>ti collection of noncommercial recordings, 1940–1987 Music Division, New York Public Library Dorothea Flanagan Persichetti scrapbook, 1925–1941 Music Division, New York Public Library Unsung Songs, discussion of Emily Dickinson songs, Opus 77, by <mask>ti Persichetti information and trivia, bandroom.com List of works, ArkivMusic Vincent Persichetti Society Vincent Persichetti Music Association Interviews <mask>ti interview by Bruce Duffie, November 15, 1986 David Dubal interview with <mask>ti, WNCN-FM, June 3, 1984 Interview with Tim Page, WNYC, May 12, 1987 Listening Art of the States: <mask>ti Night Dances, op. 114 (1970) 1915 births 1987 deaths 20th-century American composers 20th-century American male musicians 20th-century classical composers American classical composers American male classical composers American people of Italian descent Classical musicians from Pennsylvania Combs College of Music alumni Composers for carillon Curtis Institute of Music alumni Juilliard School faculty Musicians from Philadelphia Pupils of Fritz Reiner University of the Arts (Philadelphia) alumni University of the Arts (Philadelphia) faculty

He was an American composer, teacher, and pianist. He was known for his integration of new ideas in musical composition into his own work and teaching, as well as for training many noted composers in composition at the Juilliard School. His students at Juilliard included Philip Glass, Bruce Adolphe, Louis Calabro, Michael Jeffrey Shapiro, Laurie Spiegel, Kenneth Fuchs, Richard Danielpour, Lawrence Dillon, Peter Schickele, Lowell Liebermann, Robert Witt, Elena Ruehr, William Schimmel, Leonardo Balada, G He taught composition to Joseph Willcox and conductor James DePreist. <mask> was born in Philadelphia in 1915. His musical education began early because neither of his parents were musicians. At the age of five, he began studying piano, organ, double bass, and later music theory and composition with Russel King Miller, whom he considered a great influence.At the age of 14, he performed his works publicly. By the time he reached his teens, he was paying for his own education by accompanying and performing. He added church organist, orchestral player and radio staff pianist to his experience. He attended art school and was an avid sculptor until his death. He attended the same school for his undergrad education. He received a bachelor's degree in 1936 and was immediately offered a teaching position. The head of the theory and composition department at Combs by the age of 20 was also a student of piano and composition at the Philadelphia Conservatory.He received a master's degree in 1941 and a doctorate in 1945 from the Conservatory. In 1941, while still a student, <mask> headed the theory and composition department as well as the department of postgraduate study. Dorothea Flanagan is a composer and was married to <mask> in 1941. Lauren is a dancer. He was offered a professorship by William Schuman. William Schuman and Peter Mennin were encouraged by Persichetti to compose pieces for the wind band. He worked at Juilliard for forty years.The students of Persichetti were Einojuhani Rautavaara, Leonardo Balada, Steven Gellman, and Peter Schickele. Some of the people who studied with <mask> at the Philadelphia Conservatory include Michael Jeffrey Shapiro, Robert Witt, Randall Croley, and Philip Glass. He was the editorial director of the publishing house. Music Persichetti is a major figure in American music of the 20th century, both as a teacher and a composer. His Hymns and Responses for the Church Year has become a standard setting for church choirs. Contemporary music is often introduced to high school and college students by his compositions. His early style was influenced by the likes of Bartk and Copland before he developed his distinct voice in the 1950s.There is a wide variety of thought in 20th-century contemporary composition as well as Big Band music. The two elements he refers to as "graceful" and "gritty" were used in his own style. He liked bumpy melodic lines and was crazy about music that moved along a zigzag path. He used polytonality and pandiatonicism in his writing, but his embracing of diverse strands of musical thought makes it difficult to describe his body of work. Throughout his career, this trend continued. His music did not have sharp changes in style. He taped paper to the steering wheel while driving.His piano music forms the bulk of his creative output, with a concerto, a concertino, twelve sonatas, and a variety of other pieces written for the instrument. The pieces were both virtuosic and amateur-level. He was an accomplished pianist. He considered the pieces to have serious artistic merit. One of the major composers for the concert wind band has 14 works for the ensemble. The Divertimento for Band was written by <mask> in 1950. There is a symphony.As a standard larger work, 6 for band is of particular note. This piece boasts complex percussion lines crucial to the work's theme as well as utilizes the full spectrum of colors and timbres of the wind band. He wrote an opera. The music was noted for its color, but the dramatic and vocal aspects of the work were not appreciated by some. The first two symphonies were withdrawn and four string quartets were written. Many of his works are in series. There are 25 works in Parables, many of which are for wind instruments.A trio for trombone, viola, and cello, as well as selections for orchestra, for band, and for duo piano are included in his 15 Serenades. According to Walter G. Simmons, <mask> was able to achieve his own distinctive voice during the 1950s. The Concierto for Piano, Four Hands is one of the most revered compositions. The first performance of this duet was at the Pittsburgh International Contemporary Music Festival. The piece gives the illusion that the two pianists are having a pleasant conversation without using words, but just musical notes. The duet featured two people as performers. Colin Mason stated in his review that The Concierto for Piano, Four Hands was one of the most interesting stimulating American works of the Pittsburgh International Contemporary Music Festival.A distinctive blend of Classical, Romantic and Modernist elements, as well as rhythmically charged and masterfully scored, was what <mask>'s esthetic was. His musical imagination was wide and varied. Walter Simmons wrote in the NewGrove Dictionary of American Music that the innocence and joy of pure musical creativity can be found in the music of Persichetti. Many works for beginners stand with neither apology nor condescension. He was noted for his witty and engaging manner when he lectured on college campuses. He wrote a music theory textbook. They wrote a monograph on William Schuman.There was a big fan of collaboration between music and dance. The students were encouraged to work with the dance program to create compositions. They collaborated with choreographers. He worked for Martha Graham. She was serious and committed to movement. One can't depend on the other and music has to stand on its own. He once said there was no such thing as dance music.Music is dance. There were many concerts performed by <mask>. He believed in the power of the artist to create. There are works for Chorus and Wind ensemble. 103 Chorale Prelude: So Pure the Star. The Chorale Prelude: Turn Not Their Face. 105 Divertimento for Band.There is a band and it is called 42 Masquerade for Band. There are 102 masquerades for violin and piano. 99 Mass for a capella mixed chorus. There is an Op. 84 Pageant. Band, Op. 59 Parable IX. There is a song for wind quintet. There is a song for Band, Op. 21.There is a symphony. The hollow men were for trumpet and string orchestra. A Parable of Chicken Little is an opera in one act. The winter cantata is Op. 135. There is a complete listing of parables Parable [I] for Flute, Op. 97 for Women's Chorus, Flute, and Marimba. Parable II for Brass Quintet was written in the 1960's. Parable III for Oboe was written in 1968.Parable IV for Bassoon was written in 1968. Parable V for Carillon was written in 1969. There is a Parable VI for Organ. Parable VII for Harp was published in 1971. Parable VIII for Horn was published in 1971. Parable IX for Band was written in 1972 121 is a string quartet.The 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 Parable XI for Alto Saxophone was written in 1972 Parable XII for Piccolo was written in 1972 Parable XIII for Clarinet was written in 1973. Parable XIV for Trumpet was written in 1973. Parable XV for English Horn was written in 1975. Parable XII for Viola, Op. 128.Parable XII for Double Bass was written in 1974. Parable XII for Trombone, Op. 131 was written in 1974. Parable XIX for Piano was written in 1975. The Sibyl: A Parable of Chicken Little (Parable XX): An Opera in One Act, Op. 134 was published in 1975. 135 Parable XII for guitar. Parable XII for Tuba, Op. 140 was published in 1978. Parable XII for Violin, Cello, and Piano was published in 1981.150 (1981) Parable XII for Harpsichord. The Parable XXV for Two Trumpets was written in 1982. Poems for piano volume 1 Unroll the flicker's rousing drum, soft is the collied night, and gather for festival bright weed and purple shell. Sleep, weary mind; dream, heart's desire; the frost had joined a crystal spell. Listen! Rear its frondings sighing in aetherial folds. Is it possible to hear the antic melody of fear being played by those feet?There is a list of selected works Concert. Piano Concerto, op.90, 1962 Introit, op. 96, 1964 symphony no.8 and 1969 symphony no.9. So Pure the Star, chorale prelude, op.93, 1960 Bagatelles, op.94, 1962 Masquerade, op.101. I. Jimmie's got a goil II. He was a man Proverb, op.34, SATB, 1948 2 Cummings Choruses, op.46, SSAA, 1950 I. hist whist II. The responses for the church year are from the garden. Auden and others), op.68, 1955 Seek the Highest.SATB, orch, 1963, Te Deum, op.93, SATB, pf, 1959 Mass, op.84, SATB, 1960 Stabat mater. Nouns to Nouns III. molly and maggie may IV. The Creation (Persichetti), op.111, S, A, was written in 1967. No.6 (Cummings), op.157, SATB, str, 1983 Hymns and Responses for the Church Year, vol. 2, op.166, 1987 solo. cummings Songs, op.26, 1945, 2 Chinese Songs, op.29, 1945 3 English Songs, op.49, 1951.Each year, this award was established to bring a declaration of appreciation to an individual each year that has made a significant contribution to the world of music and helped to create a climate in which our talents may find valid expression. He was a brother of the Delta Eta chapter of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia. On April 1, 1961, he was initiated into the Fraternity. He was a brother of the Omicron chapter at West Virginia University. He joined the Fraternity on November 17, 1967. Further reading Bell, Larry. The Louisville Orchestra was reviewed for Sequenza21.com.Liner notes to a musician. There are new world records. James P. "<mask>,<mask>" Mirabella A. is a member of the Grove Music Online Minut. There are style and compositional techniques in the Ten Sonatas for Harpsichord. It was called DMA. Ball State University was in Muncie in 2009.Donald Morris. There is emphasis on his works for band. PhD thesis, Florida State University. Donald L. and Janet L<mask> <mask>. The Greenwood Press was in Connecticut in 1988. Walter Simmons.The music of William Schuman and others. "Persichetti,<mask>" was written by Walter G. Simmons. The New York Public Library has a collection of noncommercial recordings. The births and deaths of 20th-century American male musicians, American male classical composers, and American people of Italian descent.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shang%20Yang%20%28artist%29

Shang Yang (artist)

Shang Yang (; born 1942, former name Shang Nengquan) is a contemporary Chinese painter based in Beijing and is considered one of the most important painters of the life-stream movement. Known for his oriental humanist thought he believes landscapes are living things and puts their spirit into his brushwork. In 1965 he graduated from the Hubei Art Academy, where he then taught for several years. He received his masters from the Hubei Art Academy in 1981. Yang became the Associate President in 1989. Shang Yang became a Professor and the Officer-in-Charge of Fine Arts at the Research Institute of South China Normal University in 1993. Also in 1993, he became the Vice President of the Chinese Art painting Society. Shang Yang has exhibited extensively in China since the 1980s, including at Shanghai Biennale in 1996, and has shown internationally at galleries in London, Paris, Tokyo, St. Petersburg, and Helsinki. Shang Yang's work often appropriates images from traditional Chinese landscape painting, which are screened onto the canvas by a machine; he then distorts the image with graffiti or obtrusive geometrical designs. His works combine avant-garde exploration and solid artistic skill to create unique works of expressionism oil painting. Career Timeline 1942 Born at Honghu, Hubei Province. Kai County, Sichuan Province by Origin 1957 Studied in Hubei Art Academy Attached Middle School 1965 Graduated from Hubei Institute of Fine Arts, then Served as Art Editor in Hubei People's Publishing House 1981 Graduated with M.A. in Oil Painting Department from Hubei Institute of Fine Arts 1985 Trustee of Chinese Artists Association 1987 Professor of Hubei Institute of Fine Arts 1989 Vice President of Hubei Institute of Fine Arts 1995 Director in Institute of Fine Arts of South China Normal University and Vice Chairman of Chinese Oil Painting Association. 1997 Professor in Fine Arts Academy of Capital Normal University 2000 Director in Fine Arts Academy of Capital Normal University 2009 China Artists Association, Vice Director of the Oil Painting Arts Style Shang Yang was trained Soviet Realism but after the Cultural Revolution he was one of the first artists to reject his training. He started creating mixed media works in the early 1980s. Shang Yang's work tends to use images from traditional Chinese landscape paintings. The images are then screened onto a canvas by a machine. He then distorts the image with graffiti or obtrusive geometrical designs. Shang Yang has demonstrated an infatuation with the yellow earth plateau remote from southern culture. In the years 1984-1985, Shang Yang created a series of oil paintings on Korean paper about the conditions and customs of northern Shaanxi, clearly signaling his change in artistic style. In his painting 'Yellow River boatmen' you can see the beginnings of his fascination with the loess plateau, and this wells forth in an uninhibited way in his later works in the fundamental timbre of yellow. In 'Mother of the Loess Plateau' the artist loves the barren mountainous area of the Yellow River Basin and its people. In this work, the image of the mother, the stone wall behind her, and the loess hills in the background link together, hinting at the inseparable bond created by life in a warm and intrepid environment. Yellow Theme "When Shang Yang was an art student he applied for a field trip to northern Shaanxi Province in 1981, many of his fellow students considered the artist to be “a little under the weather.” Though revered as the cradle of Chinese civilization, the Yellow River Basin was then one of the poorest areas in the country and few of his classmates could understand the artist's passion for the region. The trip, though, proved to be a life-changing experience for the artist, providing the inspiration for nearly three decades of work, which have earned him the reputation as the “evergreen tree” for his endless stream of artistic creativity and a place as one of the country's most accomplished artists. According to Shang, while in Shaanxi, he felt completely removed from the materialism of the world around him and was able to connect on a fundamental level with the region's natural surroundings. He was greatly inspired by Shaanxi’s landscapes and rural communities and created many oil paintings revolving around the theme of the Yellow River, which are still among the artist’s most famous works. Painted in a burst of yellow hues, His Shaanxi paintings often depicted the hard lives of the locals, such as the Yellow River’s taut and tanned boat trackers or women with weather-beaten faces, and all resonate with a deep sense of human compassion." Shang Yang's use of warm yellow tones endows the landscape of rock and loess with poetry. While stillness and warmth replace the bare desolation, the gate of worn stones and the barren earth and slopes are imbued with a rich ro- mantic air. In these works, what some critics described at the time as 'Shang Yang's yellow' came to be the central player. This side-lit loess with its duller brownish yellow was not at all coquettish in its appeal, exhibiting only a nat- ural mood. Shang Yang's later works progressively began to break loose from the bewitchment or control exerted by the colors of the region, as his paintings gave fuller play and expression to subjective elements. Controversy/Conflict In June 1989, Shang Yang lost his position as head of Wuhan's Academy of Fine Arts after he marched with some of his students in Tiananmen Square. 3 months before the march, Yang exhibited a series of paintings at Beijing's National Gallery called "State". These works appeared to express Yang's dissatisfaction with the current state of China and his own frazzled state of mind. Shang Yang regained respect in 1992 with the release of his piece "Morning Tea" which is said to examine concerns for lost values in Chinese culture. One of his latest works, titled "Bride", reveals Yang's worries of commercialism in China. The piece is a Mono Lisa covered in labels of fast food to represent the connections between culture and the market. Growth Shang Yang's paintings have been increasing in value. Hard Labor, an oil on canvas piece, was estimated to sell for up to $995,797 at a 2009 auction. Shang Yang participated in the Post-89 Chinese New Art exhibition. It was held in the massive Hong Kong Arts Center in January and February 1993. There were more than 200 paintings, sculptures and installations by more than 50 artists. Dong Qichang Project Since 2002, Shang Yang has attempted to collage and print mechanically-reproduced images on his already-mature “the Great Landscape”. Shang Yang: the Dong Qichang Project explores the idea that the aggressive intervention of contemporary culture has fragmented and flattened the solid traditional Chinese logic of self-sufficiency, harmony and unity. This exhibition marks Shang Yang's first solo show within more than five decades of art production; it promises to deliver a comprehensive display of his impressive skill and conceptual development presenting in his latest artworks. His self-imposed mission to “contribute to modernism” in the pursuit of art has had wide practical significance to the development of Chinese contemporary art. His “Dong Qichang Project” is a summarization of his “Big Scenery Series”. Since 2003, Shang has continuously worked on this subject to remind us of our interdependent relationship with the nature. Dong Qichang was a great painter in Ming Dynasty, who had great influence on painters with his excellent landscape paintings and his theories of painting. Therefore, Shang borrows patterns from Dong to create his own works. Scenery here becomes artificial, far from the depiction of some real things. Shang creates paintings symbols which combine time elements and historical elements. He is closely related to the tradition of Chinese landscape paintings and is trying to develop this tradition in a modern form. Dong Qichang was a painter, calligrapher and an experienced art critic during the Ming dynasty. Solo exhibitions 2013 Shang Yang's Art in Suzhou, Suzhou Museum 2012 Diaries and Scripts, VA Center Academy of Art Design Tsinghua University, Beijing, China 2009 The Dong Qichang Project, Beijing Center for the Arts. Beijing, China. 2006 Essence of Sketch – Shang Yang's Painting Exhibition, Chengdu Blue Space 　　Art Gallery, Sichuan,China. Invitational Exhibitions and Awards (Recent Years) 2015 Inframince: Aura of Nature, Tabula Rasa Gallery, Beijing 2011 “Across - Chinese Contemporary Art Exhibition II”, Museum of Monreale Palermo,Sicily, Italy 2010 “Across - Chinese Contemporary Art Exhibition I”, Spoletto Old City Art Gallery, Spoletto, Italy 2010 The State of Things — Contemporary Art from China and Belgium. National Art Museum of China Reshaping History — China New Art from 2000 to 2009. China National Convention Center. Thirty Years of Chinese Contemporary Art 1979—2009. Minsheng Art Museum, Shanghai, China Unending Distance — the 3rd Exhibition of Abstract Art. PIFO New Art Gallery, Beijing, China Research and Exceed — The Second Exhibition of Small Oil Paintings. National Art Museum of China Ink 2010 Shanghai World Expo. Shanghai World Expo Bureau zero carbon Museum, China The third abstract - Chinese Contemporary ink painting exhibition. Shanghai Duolun Museum of Art, China 2009 Ink not Ink: Chinese Contemporary Ink and Wash Art Exhibition. Drexel University Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, USA Ink not Ink: Chinese Contemporary Ink and Wash Art Exhibition. Warsaw Royal Castle, Hungarian Agricultural Museum, The National Museum of Contemporary Art of Romania, Sculpture Museum of the Croatian Academy of Science and Arts. Yi School: Century Thinking, Today Art Museum New Image: Contemporary Chinese Ink and Paper Art Exhibition. Belarus National Gallery, Minsk, Belarus; Serbia History. Open sight - Chinese Contemporary Art Exhibition, The Czech National Gallery In the - abstract art exhibition in occasion of the birth of a hundred years, Beijing partial front new art space State of affairs -EUROPALIAChina Art Festival Exhibition, Belgian Royal Palace of Fine Arts Ink and wash painting calligraphy - a third abstraction, Shanghai Contrasts Gallery Traditional Easter - Chinese Contemporary Art Exhibition, Frankfurt, Germany BASIS SPACE Collision - 27 cases of Chinese contemporary art, Beijing's Central Academy of Fine Arts Gallery 2009 Context spiritual elite Chinese version of the Contemporary Art Exhibition, Nanjing Qinghe Art Gallery, Beijing Art America Fund Traditional Easter - Chinese Contemporary Art Exhibition Shandong Library 2009 China Art Exhibition, Beijing Central Iron Age Museum of Art Hill also has water - 2009 China Contemporary Art Exhibition, Taipei Contemplation Arts Center, Taiwan Art 60 years of New China, National Art Museum of China, Beijing, China 2008 Yi School: Thirty Years of Chinese “Abstraction”, La Caixa Forum Museum of Parma,Barcelona and Madrid, Spain Inside·Outside Images – The Inviting Exhibition of Chinese Contemporary Oil Paintings, Yu Xin Art Museum, Singapore Writings·Marks – Joint Exhibition of 20 Artists in Abstract Painting, Imperial City Art Museum, Beijing, China 2008 Chinese Contemporary Art Documenta, Wall Art Museum, Beijing, China The Third Beijing International Art Biennale, China 2008, National Art Museum of China, Beijing, China 2D and 3D, Negotiating Visual Languages, PMK Gallery, Beijing, China Hypallage –The Post Modern Mode of Chinese Contemporary Art, the OCT Art& Design Gallery, Shenzhen, China Ink Not Ink: Chinese Modern Ink and Wash Art Exhibition, Shenzhen Art Museum, Shenzhen; Today Art Museum, Beijing, China Expand & Fusion – Chinese Oil Painting Study and Exhibition, National Art Museum of China, Beijing, China The Grit between the Stones – A Meeting between Swedish and Chinese Contemporary Painting, Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities, Stockholm, Sweden; National Art Museum of China, Beijing, China Sunshine International Art Annual Exhibition, Sunshine International Art Museum, Beijing, China People·History – Exhibition of Studies of Chinese Art of the 20th Century, CAFA Art Museum, Beijing, China Culture after Culture – 12 Chinese Contemporary Oil Painters Exhibition, YUAN Center of Art, Beijing, China Pursuing source and doctrine – Oil Painting Research Exhibition, National Art Museum of China, Beijing, China Art Basel Miami Beach 2008, Miami, USA 2007 The Scenery of Desire – Shang Yang and His Student Art Exhibition, Bridge Gallery, Beijing; MOCA Shijiazhuang, Shijizhuang, Hebei Province, China OTKPbITOe KNTaNCKOe NCKYCCTBO, Tocyaapctbehhbin Pyccknn My3en, St.Petersburg, Russia Rote Berge, Grunes wasser Chinesische und Beutsche Kunstler Heute, Lubecker Museum, Lubecker; Pfalz History Museum, Pfalz, Germany Landscape – Nature·Spirit, Ateneum Art Museum, Helsinki, Finland On Ink and Wash – A Dialogue between Contemporary Artists, Tank Loft·Chongqing Contemporary Art Center, Chongqing; Shenzhen Art Museum, Shenzhen, China Trace Contemporary·Chinese Version, 2007 Credit Suisse Beijing Comprehensive art Exhibition, Today Art Museum, Beijing, China Strategy on Paper – Works on Paper Invitational, Square Gallery of Contemporary Art, Jiangsu Province, China Interception – Chinese Image in Contemporary Art Invitation Show, Three Gorges Museum, Chongqing, China Decennial, Hejingyuan museum of art opening exhibition, H.J.Y. Contemporary Art Center, Beijing, China 2006 Anatomical Signs – Internationally Invitational Exhibition of Contemporary Art, Baoqu Tang Modern Art Gallery, Hong Kong,China China Scenery, Square Gallery of Contemporary Art, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China Expanding Realism – Chinese Mainland Oil Painting from 1978, Taipei Fine Art Museum, Taipei, China The Second Exhibition of Chinese Art Today, National Art Museum of China, Beijing, China Cross the Continent – Joint Exhibition of 11 Artists from China and Germany, Sanxian Art Space, Shanghai, China Chinese Contemporary Art Document Exhibition, Honored with the Award of Literature, Beijing World Art Museum, The China Millennium Monument, Beijing, China 2005 Dress Up, Chinese Opera Art Exhibition, Today Art Museum, Beijing, China Nature and Human – The Second Contemporary China Landscape Painting • Oil Landscape Painting Exhibition, National Art Museum of China, Beijing, China Asian Art Exhibition, Shunde Art Gallery, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China Up and Down The Great River: A Retrospection of New Era's Chinese Oil Painting, National Art Museum of China, Beijing, China Conspire: The 1st Exhibition of T.S.1 Contemporary Art Center, TS1 Contemporary Art Center, Beijing, China The Endless Landscape, Invitational Contemporary Oil Painting Exhibition Jiangsu Art Museum, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China 2004 Inviting Exhibition of Contemporary Art from China, France and Korea, International Art Gallery, Beijing, China Baishi / Youji, Liu Hai Su Art Museum, Shanghai; Art Museum of Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing, China The First Nominated Exhibition of Fine Art Literature, Honored with the Award of Literature, Art Gallery of Hubei Institute of Fine Arts, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China 2003 An Opening Era, Celebration Exhibition of 40th Anniversary of Founding of China National Museum of Fine Arts, National Art Museum of China, Beijing, China Beijing International Art Biennial, National Art Museum of China, Beijing, China Premieres Lueurs sur L' Orient—L'aventure de la peinture chinoise au 20ème Siecle, Palais de la Porte Dorée, Paris, France Fine Pieces of New Expressionism Oil Painting of Chinese Master, Liu Hai Su Art Museum, Shanghai, China The Fine Pieces Exhibition of The Third Oil Painting Exhibition of China, National Art Museum of China, Beijing, China 2002 Behind The Reality, Dimensions Art Center, Taipei, China The First Guangzhou Triennial, Guangdong Museum of Art, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China The First Triennial of Chinese Arts, Guangzhou Art Museum, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China Century Demeanor—Exhibition of China's Contemporary Art Masters, Beijing World Art Museum, The China Millennium Monument, Beijing, China Concept Image: 2002 China Modern Oil painting Invitation Exhibition, Shenzhen Art Museum, Shenzhen, China References Living people Painters from Hubei People from Jingzhou 1942 births

<mask> (; born 1942, former name <mask>n) is a contemporary Chinese painter based in Beijing and is considered one of the most important painters of the life-stream movement. Known for his oriental humanist thought he believes landscapes are living things and puts their spirit into his brushwork. In 1965 he graduated from the Hubei Art Academy, where he then taught for several years. He received his masters from the Hubei Art Academy in 1981. <mask> became the Associate President in 1989. <mask> became a Professor and the Officer-in-Charge of Fine Arts at the Research Institute of South China Normal University in 1993. Also in 1993, he became the Vice President of the Chinese Art painting Society.<mask> <mask> has exhibited extensively in China since the 1980s, including at Shanghai Biennale in 1996, and has shown internationally at galleries in London, Paris, Tokyo, St. Petersburg, and Helsinki. <mask> <mask>'s work often appropriates images from traditional Chinese landscape painting, which are screened onto the canvas by a machine; he then distorts the image with graffiti or obtrusive geometrical designs. His works combine avant-garde exploration and solid artistic skill to create unique works of expressionism oil painting. Career Timeline 1942 Born at Honghu, Hubei Province. Kai County, Sichuan Province by Origin 1957 Studied in Hubei Art Academy Attached Middle School 1965 Graduated from Hubei Institute of Fine Arts, then Served as Art Editor in Hubei People's Publishing House 1981 Graduated with M.A. in Oil Painting Department from Hubei Institute of Fine Arts 1985 Trustee of Chinese Artists Association 1987 Professor of Hubei Institute of Fine Arts 1989 Vice President of Hubei Institute of Fine Arts 1995 Director in Institute of Fine Arts of South China Normal University and Vice Chairman of Chinese Oil Painting Association. 1997 Professor in Fine Arts Academy of Capital Normal University 2000 Director in Fine Arts Academy of Capital Normal University 2009 China Artists Association, Vice Director of the Oil Painting Arts Style <mask> <mask> was trained Soviet Realism but after the Cultural Revolution he was one of the first artists to reject his training.He started creating mixed media works in the early 1980s. <mask> <mask>'s work tends to use images from traditional Chinese landscape paintings. The images are then screened onto a canvas by a machine. He then distorts the image with graffiti or obtrusive geometrical designs. <mask> <mask> has demonstrated an infatuation with the yellow earth plateau remote from southern culture. In the years 1984-1985, <mask> <mask> created a series of oil paintings on Korean paper about the conditions and customs of northern Shaanxi, clearly signaling his change in artistic style. In his painting 'Yellow River boatmen' you can see the beginnings of his fascination with the loess plateau, and this wells forth in an uninhibited way in his later works in the fundamental timbre of yellow.In 'Mother of the Loess Plateau' the artist loves the barren mountainous area of the Yellow River Basin and its people. In this work, the image of the mother, the stone wall behind her, and the loess hills in the background link together, hinting at the inseparable bond created by life in a warm and intrepid environment. Yellow Theme "When <mask> <mask> was an art student he applied for a field trip to northern Shaanxi Province in 1981, many of his fellow students considered the artist to be “a little under the weather.” Though revered as the cradle of Chinese civilization, the Yellow River Basin was then one of the poorest areas in the country and few of his classmates could understand the artist's passion for the region. The trip, though, proved to be a life-changing experience for the artist, providing the inspiration for nearly three decades of work, which have earned him the reputation as the “evergreen tree” for his endless stream of artistic creativity and a place as one of the country's most accomplished artists. According to <mask>, while in Shaanxi, he felt completely removed from the materialism of the world around him and was able to connect on a fundamental level with the region's natural surroundings. He was greatly inspired by Shaanxi’s landscapes and rural communities and created many oil paintings revolving around the theme of the Yellow River, which are still among the artist’s most famous works. Painted in a burst of yellow hues, His Shaanxi paintings often depicted the hard lives of the locals, such as the Yellow River’s taut and tanned boat trackers or women with weather-beaten faces, and all resonate with a deep sense of human compassion."<mask> <mask>'s use of warm yellow tones endows the landscape of rock and loess with poetry. While stillness and warmth replace the bare desolation, the gate of worn stones and the barren earth and slopes are imbued with a rich ro- mantic air. In these works, what some critics described at the time as 'Shang <mask>'s yellow' came to be the central player. This side-lit loess with its duller brownish yellow was not at all coquettish in its appeal, exhibiting only a nat- ural mood. <mask> <mask>'s later works progressively began to break loose from the bewitchment or control exerted by the colors of the region, as his paintings gave fuller play and expression to subjective elements. Controversy/Conflict In June 1989, <mask> <mask> lost his position as head of Wuhan's Academy of Fine Arts after he marched with some of his students in Tiananmen Square. 3 months before the march, <mask> exhibited a series of paintings at Beijing's National Gallery called "State".These works appeared to express <mask>'s dissatisfaction with the current state of China and his own frazzled state of mind. <mask> <mask> regained respect in 1992 with the release of his piece "Morning Tea" which is said to examine concerns for lost values in Chinese culture. One of his latest works, titled "Bride", reveals <mask>'s worries of commercialism in China. The piece is a Mono Lisa covered in labels of fast food to represent the connections between culture and the market. Growth <mask> <mask>'s paintings have been increasing in value. Hard Labor, an oil on canvas piece, was estimated to sell for up to $995,797 at a 2009 auction. <mask> <mask> participated in the Post-89 Chinese New Art exhibition.It was held in the massive Hong Kong Arts Center in January and February 1993. There were more than 200 paintings, sculptures and installations by more than 50 artists. Dong Qichang Project Since 2002, <mask> <mask> has attempted to collage and print mechanically-reproduced images on his already-mature “the Great Landscape”. <mask> <mask>: the Dong Qichang Project explores the idea that the aggressive intervention of contemporary culture has fragmented and flattened the solid traditional Chinese logic of self-sufficiency, harmony and unity. This exhibition marks <mask> <mask>'s first solo show within more than five decades of art production; it promises to deliver a comprehensive display of his impressive skill and conceptual development presenting in his latest artworks. His self-imposed mission to “contribute to modernism” in the pursuit of art has had wide practical significance to the development of Chinese contemporary art. His “Dong Qichang Project” is a summarization of his “Big Scenery Series”.Since 2003, <mask> has continuously worked on this subject to remind us of our interdependent relationship with the nature. Dong Qichang was a great painter in Ming Dynasty, who had great influence on painters with his excellent landscape paintings and his theories of painting. Therefore, <mask> borrows patterns from Dong to create his own works. Scenery here becomes artificial, far from the depiction of some real things. <mask> creates paintings symbols which combine time elements and historical elements. He is closely related to the tradition of Chinese landscape paintings and is trying to develop this tradition in a modern form. Dong Qichang was a painter, calligrapher and an experienced art critic during the Ming dynasty.Solo exhibitions 2013 <mask> <mask>'s Art in Suzhou, Suzhou Museum 2012 Diaries and Scripts, VA Center Academy of Art Design Tsinghua University, Beijing, China 2009 The Dong Qichang Project, Beijing Center for the Arts. Beijing, China. 2006 Essence of Sketch – <mask> <mask>'s Painting Exhibition, Chengdu Blue Space 　　Art Gallery, Sichuan,China. Invitational Exhibitions and Awards (Recent Years) 2015 Inframince: Aura of Nature, Tabula Rasa Gallery, Beijing 2011 “Across - Chinese Contemporary Art Exhibition II”, Museum of Monreale Palermo,Sicily, Italy 2010 “Across - Chinese Contemporary Art Exhibition I”, Spoletto Old City Art Gallery, Spoletto, Italy 2010 The State of Things — Contemporary Art from China and Belgium. National Art Museum of China Reshaping History — China New Art from 2000 to 2009. China National Convention Center. Thirty Years of Chinese Contemporary Art 1979—2009.Minsheng Art Museum, Shanghai, China Unending Distance — the 3rd Exhibition of Abstract Art. PIFO New Art Gallery, Beijing, China Research and Exceed — The Second Exhibition of Small Oil Paintings. National Art Museum of China Ink 2010 Shanghai World Expo. Shanghai World Expo Bureau zero carbon Museum, China The third abstract - Chinese Contemporary ink painting exhibition. Shanghai Duolun Museum of Art, China 2009 Ink not Ink: Chinese Contemporary Ink and Wash Art Exhibition. Drexel University Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, USA Ink not Ink: Chinese Contemporary Ink and Wash Art Exhibition. Warsaw Royal Castle, Hungarian Agricultural Museum, The National Museum of Contemporary Art of Romania, Sculpture Museum of the Croatian Academy of Science and Arts.Yi School: Century Thinking, Today Art Museum New Image: Contemporary Chinese Ink and Paper Art Exhibition. Belarus National Gallery, Minsk, Belarus; Serbia History.

One of the most important painters of the life-stream movement is a contemporary Chinese painter named <mask>, who was born in 1942. He believes landscapes are living things and puts their spirit into his brushwork. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He received his masters in 1981 from the Hubei Art Academy. In 1989 he became the Associate President. The Officer-in-Charge of Fine Arts at the Research Institute of South China Normal University was Shang Yang. He became the Vice President of the Chinese Art painting Society in 1993.Since the 1980s, <mask> <mask> has exhibited extensively in China, and has shown his work at galleries in London, Paris, Tokyo, and St. Petersburg. The traditional Chinese landscape painting, which is screened onto the canvas by a machine, is often appropriate for <mask> <mask>'s work, as he distorts the image with graffiti or obtrusive geometrical designs. His works combine avant-garde exploration and solid artistic skill to create unique works of expressionism oil painting. Born in Honghu, Hubei Province in 1942. After graduating from the Institute of Fine Arts, he worked as an art editor in the People's Publishing House. The Director of the Institute of Fine Arts of South China Normal University was the Vice Chairman of the Chinese Oil Painting Association. One of the first artists to reject his training after the Cultural Revolution was the Director of the Fine Arts Academy of Capital Normal University.He began to create mixed media works in the early 1980s. Traditional Chinese landscape paintings are used in <mask> <mask>'s work. A machine screens the images onto a canvas. He distorts the image with graffiti. The yellow earth plateau is remote from the southern culture. A series of oil paintings on Korean paper about the conditions and customs of northern Shaanxi shows his change in artistic style. In his painting 'Yellow River boatmen' you can see the beginnings of his fascination with the loess plateau, and this wells forth in an unfettered way in his later works in the fundamental timbre of yellow.The artist loves the barren mountainous area of the Yellow River Basin and its people. The image of the mother, the stone wall behind her, and the loess hills in the background hint at the inseparable bond created by life in a warm and intrepid environment. Many of his fellow students considered the artist to be a little under the weather when he applied for a field trip to the Yellow River Basin in 1981. The trip was a life-changing experience for the artist, providing the inspiration for nearly three decades of work, which have earned him the reputation as the "evergreen tree" for his endless stream of artistic creativity and a place as one of the country's most accomplished. While in Shaanxi, he felt completely removed from the materialistic world around him and was able to connect on a fundamental level with the region's natural surroundings. The Yellow River is one of the artist's most famous works and was inspired by Shaanxi's landscapes and rural communities. His Shaanxi paintings often depicted the hard lives of the locals, such as the Yellow River's taut and tanned boat trackers or women with weather-beaten faces, and all resonated with a deep sense of human compassion.The landscape of rock and loess is made up of warm yellow tones. The gate of worn stones and the barren earth and slopes are reflected in the ro- mantic air. The central player in these works was described by some critics as '<mask> <mask>'s yellow'. The side-lit loess with its duller brownish yellow was not at all appealing. As his paintings gave expression to subjective elements, they began to break loose from the bewitchment or control exerted by the colors of the region. In June 1989 the head of the Academy of Fine Arts in Wuhan lost his job after he marched with some of his students in Tiananmen Square. 3 months before the march, <mask> exhibited a series of paintings at Beijing's National Gallery called "State".The works seemed to express <mask>'s unhappiness with the current state of China and his own state of mind. The piece "Morning Tea" was released in 1992 and is said to examine concerns for lost values in Chinese culture. One of his works, titled "Bride", shows his worries about commercialism in China. A Mono Lisa is covered in fast food labels to represent the connections between culture and the market. The value of <mask> <mask>'s paintings has increased. Hard Labor, an oil on canvas piece, was estimated to sell for over a million dollars at a 2009 auction. The Post-89 Chinese New Art exhibition was held.It was held in the Hong Kong Arts Center. More than 50 artists created works at the event. The Great Landscape has been the subject of an attempt to print mechanically-reproduced images. The idea that the aggressive intervention of contemporary culture has fragmented and flattened the solid traditional Chinese logic of self-sufficiency, harmony and unity is explored in the project. A comprehensive display of his impressive skill and conceptual development will be presented in his latest artworks in this exhibition, which marks the first solo show within more than five decades of art production. The development of Chinese contemporary art can be traced back to his mission to contribute to modernism. The Big Scenery Series was a summarization of his project.Since 2003 the subject has been worked on to remind us of our relationship with nature. The influence on painters of the excellent landscape paintings and theories of painting of the great painter, Dong Qichang, was great. In order to create his own works, <mask> borrows patterns from Dong. The scenery here is far from the depiction of real things. Time elements and historical elements are combined in paintings by <mask>. He is trying to develop the tradition of Chinese landscape paintings in a modern way. During the Ming dynasty, the painter, calligrapher, and art critic was named Dong Qichang.The VA Center Academy of Art Design Tsinghua University and the Beijing Center for the Arts have solo exhibitions. Beijing, China. The painting exhibition was held at the Blue Space Art Gallery. The Aura of Nature, Tabula Rasa Gallery, Beijing, and the Museum of Monreale Palermo, Sicily, received awards in the recent years. From 2000 to 2009, China New Art was displayed at the National Art Museum of China. The China National Convention Center is a convention center. Thirty years of Chinese contemporary art.Unending Distance is the 3rd exhibition of abstract art. The second exhibition of small oil paintings was held at the PIFO New Art Gallery. The National Art Museum is in China. The third abstract - Chinese Contemporary ink painting exhibition is at the zero carbon museum. The ink and wash art exhibition was held at the Duolun Museum of Art. The Philadelphia Museum of Art has an exhibition on ink and wash art. The National Museum of Contemporary Art of Romania, the Sculpture Museum of the Croatian Academy of Science and Arts, and the Warsaw Royal Castle are all museums.The Today Art Museum has a contemporary Chinese ink and paper art exhibition. The National Gallery of Belarus.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel%20Le%C3%B3n-Portilla

Miguel León-Portilla

Miguel León-Portilla (22 February 1926 – 1 October 2019) was a Mexican anthropologist and historian. He was one of the most reputable and commonly cited authorities on Aztec culture and literature in the pre-Columbian and colonial eras among Mexican academia. Many of his works have been translated to English and are widely read. In 2013, the Library of Congress of the United States bestowed on him the Living Legend Award. Early life and education Born in Mexico City, Miguel León-Portilla had an interest in indigenous Mexico from an early age, fostered by his uncle Manuel Gamio, a distinguished archeologist. Gamio had a lasting influence on his life and career, initially taking him as a boy on trips to important archeological sites in Mexico and later as well. León-Portilla attended the Instituto de Ciencias in Guadalajara and then earned a B.A. (1948) and M.A. summa cum laude (1951) at the Jesuit Loyola University in Los Angeles. Returning to Mexico in 1952, he showed Gamio a play he had written on Quetzalcoatl, which resulted in Gamio introducing his nephew to Ángel Garibay K., whose publications in the 1930s and 1940s first brought Nahuatl literature to widespread public attention in Mexico. Needing to make a living, León-Portilla began attending law school and worked at a financial firm. At the same time he taught at Mexico City College, an English-language school in the Condesa neighborhood. Other instructors included important scholars of Mexican indigenous history and culture, Wigberto Jiménez Moreno, Fernando Horcasitas, and Eduardo Noguera. Gamio persuaded León-Portilla to drop his law studies and job in business to work at the Inter-American Indian Institute, a specialized organization of the Organization of American States, which Gamio directed. León-Portilla began graduate studies at the UNAM, completing his doctoral dissertation, La Filosofía Náhuatl estudiada en sus fuentes, in 1956, which launched his scholarly career. Career His dissertation on Nahua philosophy was published in Mexico, and then translated to English as Aztec Thought and Culture: A Study of the Ancient Nahuatl Mind (1967) and then many other languages. It was the first of his many works to be translated to English. His translations of Nahuatl and Spanish texts on the conquest of Mexico, first published in Mexico as Visión de los vencidos, translated to English as The Broken Spears, is the way many undergraduate students in the United States are introduced to accounts from indigenous participants and not Spanish conquistadors. León-Portilla spearheaded a movement to understand and re-evaluate Nahuatl literature and religion, not only from the pre-Columbian era, but also that of the present day, especially since Nahuatl is still spoken by 1.5 million people. His works in English on literature included Pre-Columbian Literatures of Mexico (1986), Fifteen Poets of the Aztec World (2000), and with Earl Shorris, In the Language of Kings: An Anthology of Mesoamerican Literature, Pre-Columbian to the Present (2002). He also compared the literature of the Nahuas with that of the Inca. Another area of research was on indigenous religion and spirituality, with works including Native Meso-American Spirituality (1980), and South and Meso-American Native Spirituality: From the Cult of the Feathered Serpent to the Theology of Liberation (1997). He also published a work on the Maya, Time and Reality in the Thought of the Maya (1990). León-Portilla was instrumental in bringing to light the works of Franciscan Fr. Bernardino de Sahagún, a 16th-century primary source on the Aztec civilization, whose twelve-volume General History of the Things of New Spain, often referred to as the Florentine Codex, are crucial for understanding Nahua religion, society, and culture, as well as for providing an account of the conquest of Mexico from the Mexica viewpoint. León-Portilla was the first to denote Sahagún as the "Father of Anthropology in the New World". He contributed to the understanding of the development of the field of Mesoamerican history in Mexico. With Garibay, León-Portilla made contributions to the study of nineteenth-century Mesoamerican historian Manuel Orozco y Berra. León-Portilla also published two volumes on the work of Mesoamerican humanists, including his mentor Garibay. In the field of colonial Nahuatl studies, particularly the New Philology, León-Portilla's work on a collection of late sixteenth-century wills in Nahuatl, The Testaments of Culhuacan, contributed to the understanding of local-level interactions within a Nahua town. A subordinate but important interest of León-Portilla was the early history and ethnography of the Baja California Peninsula. He addressed this region in more than 30 books and articles, including a 1995 volume collecting several of his earlier publications. Early in his academic career in 1969, he was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship. That was the first of many academic awards and recognitions, including the Belisario Domínguez Medal of Honor, the highest award bestowed by the Mexican Senate. In 1970, he was elected to membership of Mexico's National College and, in 1995, to membership of the United States National Academy of Sciences. From 1987 to 1992, he served as his country's permanent delegate to UNESCO, during which time he successfully nominated five pre-Columbian sites in Mexico for inclusion on the World Heritage List. On 12 December 2013, León-Portilla received the Living Legend Award from the U.S. Library of Congress. He was also a member of the Mexican Academy of Language and the Mexican Academy of History. Personal life León-Portilla married Ascensión Hernández Triviño, a Spanish linguist and academic, in 1965. Their daughter, Marisa León-Portilla, is also a historian. León-Portilla died in Mexico City on 1 October 2019 after having been hospitalized for much of the year. The federal Secretariat of Culture announced that his body would lie in state on 3 October at the Palacio de Bellas Artes. Notable works León-Portilla wrote more than a hundred and a half articles for several institutions, and more than forty books from which the following titles are among the most well-known: (In English: The Nahuatl Philosophy studied in its sources; 1956). This Work composed his degree thesis and since then, it has been edited at least ten times, and it also has been translated to English, Italian, Russian and German. León-Portilla explained that, the Mexica Tribes, didn't have a proper form of "philosophy" as known in the modern world, their (Nahuatl sages) attempted to comprehend the world, asking themselves questions and searching about it. León-Portilla stated that, what Europeans understood as many gods, Aztecs, in fact perceived those many gods as a single entity called Ometeotl/Omecihuatl (Our Lord/Our Lady of Duality). This thesis was later extended in "" (In English: Nahuatl Thought and Culture: Study of the Ancient Nahuatl Mind) (In English: Seven Essays about Nahuatl Culture; 1958) (In English: The Broken Spears; 1959). His most popular and famous work until 2008 has been published twenty-nine times and translated into a dozen languages. In this short book, León-Portilla brings together several fragments of the Nahuatl vision of the Spanish conquest, from Moctezuma's premonitions to the sad songs () after the conquest. On 25 June 2009, the fiftieth anniversary of its first edition was celebrated in an event organized by the National Council for Culture and the Arts, the National Institute of Anthropology and History, the National Autonomous University of Mexico and the National College Los antiguos mexicanos a través de sus crónicas y cantares (In English: The Ancient Mexicans through their Chronicles and Songs; 1961) El reverso de la conquista. Relaciones aztecas, mayas e incas (In English: The reverse of the conquest. Aztec, Mayan and Inca Relations; 1964) Tiempo y realidad en el pensamiento maya (In English: Time and Reality in Mayan Thought; 1968) México-Tenochtitlan, su espacio y tiempos sagrados (In English: Mexico-Tenochtitlan, its sacred space and times; 1979) La multilingüe toponimia de México: sus estratos milenarios. (In English: The multilingual toponymy of Mexico: its millenary strata; 1979) Hernán Cortés y la Mar del Sur (In English: Hernán Cortés and the South Sea; 1985) Cartografía y crónicas de la Antigua California (In English: Cartography and Chronicles of Ancient California; 1989) Quince poetas del mundo náhuatl (In English: Fifteen poets of the Nahuatl world; 1993) La filosofía náhuatl estudiada en sus fuentes (In English: Nahuatl philosophy studied in its sources; 1993) Francisco Tenamaztle (1995) (In English: The arrow in the Target; 1996) Bernardino de Sahagún, pionero de la antropología (In English: Bernardino de Sahagún, pioneer of anthropology; 1999) (In English: Nahuatl Erotics; 2019) References External links Miguel León-Portilla (El Colegio Nacional) Miguel León-Portilla (Academia Mexicana de la Lengua) Miguel León-Portilla (Academia Mexicana de la Historia) 1926 births 2019 deaths Mexican anthropologists Mexican historians Historians of Mexico Mexican Mesoamericanists Writers from Mexico City Aztec scholars Historians of Mesoamerica Mesoamerican anthropologists 20th-century Mesoamericanists Latin Americanists Members of the Mexican Academy of Language Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences Members of El Colegio Nacional (Mexico) Recipients of the Belisario Domínguez Medal of Honor Historians of Baja California Loyola Marymount University alumni

<mask>-Portilla (22 February 1926 – 1 October 2019) was a Mexican anthropologist and historian. He was one of the most reputable and commonly cited authorities on Aztec culture and literature in the pre-Columbian and colonial eras among Mexican academia. Many of his works have been translated to English and are widely read. In 2013, the Library of Congress of the United States bestowed on him the Living Legend Award. Early life and education Born in Mexico City, <mask> had an interest in indigenous Mexico from an early age, fostered by his uncle Manuel Gamio, a distinguished archeologist. Gamio had a lasting influence on his life and career, initially taking him as a boy on trips to important archeological sites in Mexico and later as well. León-Portilla attended the Instituto de Ciencias in Guadalajara and then earned a B.A.(1948) and M.A. summa cum laude (1951) at the Jesuit Loyola University in Los Angeles. Returning to Mexico in 1952, he showed Gamio a play he had written on Quetzalcoatl, which resulted in Gamio introducing his nephew to Ángel Garibay K., whose publications in the 1930s and 1940s first brought Nahuatl literature to widespread public attention in Mexico. Needing to make a living, León-Portilla began attending law school and worked at a financial firm. At the same time he taught at Mexico City College, an English-language school in the Condesa neighborhood. Other instructors included important scholars of Mexican indigenous history and culture, Wigberto Jiménez Moreno, Fernando Horcasitas, and Eduardo Noguera. Gamio persuaded León-Portilla to drop his law studies and job in business to work at the Inter-American Indian Institute, a specialized organization of the Organization of American States, which Gamio directed.León-Portilla began graduate studies at the UNAM, completing his doctoral dissertation, La Filosofía Náhuatl estudiada en sus fuentes, in 1956, which launched his scholarly career. Career His dissertation on Nahua philosophy was published in Mexico, and then translated to English as Aztec Thought and Culture: A Study of the Ancient Nahuatl Mind (1967) and then many other languages. It was the first of his many works to be translated to English. His translations of Nahuatl and Spanish texts on the conquest of Mexico, first published in Mexico as Visión de los vencidos, translated to English as The Broken Spears, is the way many undergraduate students in the United States are introduced to accounts from indigenous participants and not Spanish conquistadors. León-Portilla spearheaded a movement to understand and re-evaluate Nahuatl literature and religion, not only from the pre-Columbian era, but also that of the present day, especially since Nahuatl is still spoken by 1.5 million people. His works in English on literature included Pre-Columbian Literatures of Mexico (1986), Fifteen Poets of the Aztec World (2000), and with Earl Shorris, In the Language of Kings: An Anthology of Mesoamerican Literature, Pre-Columbian to the Present (2002). He also compared the literature of the Nahuas with that of the Inca.Another area of research was on indigenous religion and spirituality, with works including Native Meso-American Spirituality (1980), and South and Meso-American Native Spirituality: From the Cult of the Feathered Serpent to the Theology of Liberation (1997). He also published a work on the Maya, Time and Reality in the Thought of the Maya (1990). León-Portilla was instrumental in bringing to light the works of Franciscan Fr. Bernardino de Sahagún, a 16th-century primary source on the Aztec civilization, whose twelve-volume General History of the Things of New Spain, often referred to as the Florentine Codex, are crucial for understanding Nahua religion, society, and culture, as well as for providing an account of the conquest of Mexico from the Mexica viewpoint. León-Portilla was the first to denote Sahagún as the "Father of Anthropology in the New World". He contributed to the understanding of the development of the field of Mesoamerican history in Mexico. With Garibay, León-Portilla made contributions to the study of nineteenth-century Mesoamerican historian Manuel Orozco y Berra.León-Portilla also published two volumes on the work of Mesoamerican humanists, including his mentor Garibay. In the field of colonial Nahuatl studies, particularly the New Philology, León-Portilla's work on a collection of late sixteenth-century wills in Nahuatl, The Testaments of Culhuacan, contributed to the understanding of local-level interactions within a Nahua town. A subordinate but important interest of León-Portilla was the early history and ethnography of the Baja California Peninsula. He addressed this region in more than 30 books and articles, including a 1995 volume collecting several of his earlier publications. Early in his academic career in 1969, he was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship. That was the first of many academic awards and recognitions, including the Belisario Domínguez Medal of Honor, the highest award bestowed by the Mexican Senate. In 1970, he was elected to membership of Mexico's National College and, in 1995, to membership of the United States National Academy of Sciences.From 1987 to 1992, he served as his country's permanent delegate to UNESCO, during which time he successfully nominated five pre-Columbian sites in Mexico for inclusion on the World Heritage List. On 12 December 2013, León-Portilla received the Living Legend Award from the U.S. Library of Congress. He was also a member of the Mexican Academy of Language and the Mexican Academy of History. Personal life León-Portilla married Ascensión Hernández Triviño, a Spanish linguist and academic, in 1965. Their daughter, Marisa León-Portilla, is also a historian. León-Portilla died in Mexico City on 1 October 2019 after having been hospitalized for much of the year. The federal Secretariat of Culture announced that his body would lie in state on 3 October at the Palacio de Bellas Artes.Notable works León-Portilla wrote more than a hundred and a half articles for several institutions, and more than forty books from which the following titles are among the most well-known: (In English: The Nahuatl Philosophy studied in its sources; 1956). This Work composed his degree thesis and since then, it has been edited at least ten times, and it also has been translated to English, Italian, Russian and German. León-Portilla explained that, the Mexica Tribes, didn't have a proper form of "philosophy" as known in the modern world, their (Nahuatl sages) attempted to comprehend the world, asking themselves questions and searching about it. León-Portilla stated that, what Europeans understood as many gods, Aztecs, in fact perceived those many gods as a single entity called Ometeotl/Omecihuatl (Our Lord/Our Lady of Duality). This thesis was later extended in "" (In English: Nahuatl Thought and Culture: Study of the Ancient Nahuatl Mind) (In English: Seven Essays about Nahuatl Culture; 1958) (In English: The Broken Spears; 1959). His most popular and famous work until 2008 has been published twenty-nine times and translated into a dozen languages. In this short book, León-Portilla brings together several fragments of the Nahuatl vision of the Spanish conquest, from Moctezuma's premonitions to the sad songs () after the conquest.On 25 June 2009, the fiftieth anniversary of its first edition was celebrated in an event organized by the National Council for Culture and the Arts, the National Institute of Anthropology and History, the National Autonomous University of Mexico and the National College Los antiguos mexicanos a través de sus crónicas y cantares (In English: The Ancient Mexicans through their Chronicles and Songs; 1961) El reverso de la conquista. Relaciones aztecas, mayas e incas (In English: The reverse of the conquest. Aztec, Mayan and Inca Relations; 1964) Tiempo y realidad en el pensamiento maya (In English: Time and Reality in Mayan Thought; 1968) México-Tenochtitlan, su espacio y tiempos sagrados (In English: Mexico-Tenochtitlan, its sacred space and times; 1979) La multilingüe toponimia de México: sus estratos milenarios.

Len-Portilla was an anthropologist and historian. He was an authority on Aztec culture and literature in the pre-Columbian and colonial era. Many of his works have been translated to English. He received the Living Legend Award from the Library of Congress. Born in Mexico City, <mask>-Portilla had an interest in indigenous Mexico from an early age, fostered by his uncle. When he was a boy, Gamio took him on trips to important archeological sites in Mexico and later on in his career. Len-Portilla earned a B.A. after attending the Instituto de Ciencias.Both were M.A. summa cum laude was given at Jesuit Loyola University in Los Angeles. After returning to Mexico in 1952, he showed his nephew a play he had written, which led to the introduction of his nephew to ngel Garibay K., whose publications in the 1930s and 1940s first brought Nahuatl literature to widespread public attention in Mexico. Wanting to make a living, Len-Portilla attended law school and worked at a financial firm. He taught at Mexico City College in the Condesa neighborhood. Important scholars of Mexican indigenous history and culture were included in the other instructors. Len-Portilla dropped his studies and job in business to work at the Inter-American Indian Institute.Len-Portilla began graduate studies at the UNAM in 1956 after completing his PhD, La Filosofa Nhuatl estudiada en las fuentes. Aztec Thought and Culture: A Study of the Ancient Nahuatl Mind was translated into English and many other languages. It was the first of his works to be translated. His translations of Nahuatl and Spanish texts on the conquest of Mexico, first published in Mexico as Visin de los vencidos, translated to English as The Broken Spears, is the way many undergraduate students in the United States are introduced to accounts from indigenous participants. Since Nahuatl is still spoken by 1.5 million people, Len-Portilla spearheaded a movement to understand and reexamine the literature and religion of the pre-Columbian era. Pre-Columbian Literatures of Mexico, Fifteen Poets of the Aztec World, and In the Language of Kings: An anthology of Mesoamerican Literature, Pre-Columbian to the Present were all written in English. He compared the literature of the Nahuas with that of the Inka.One of the areas of research was on indigenous religion and spirituality, with works such as Native Meso-American Spirituality and South and Meso-American Native Spirituality: From the Cult of theFeathered Serpent to the Theology of Liberation. The Maya, Time and Reality in the Thought of the Maya was published in 1990. The works of Franciscan Fr. were brought to light by Len-Portilla. The Florentine Codex, Bernardino de Sahagn's primary source on the Aztec civilization, is crucial for understanding Nahua religion, society, and culture. The "Father of Anthropology in the New World" was first described by Len-Portilla. He contributed to the understanding of the history of Mexico. Len-Portilla made contributions to the study of Orozco y Berra.Garibay's work was published in two volumes by Len-Portilla. Len-Portilla's work on a collection of late sixteenth-century wills in Nahuatl, The Testaments of Culhuacan, contributed to the understanding of local-level interactions. The early history and ethnography of the Baja California Peninsula was an important interest of Len-Portilla. He wrote more than 30 books and articles about this region. He was awarded a Guggenheim fellowship early in his academic career. The Belisario Domnguez Medal of Honor, the highest award bestowed by the Mexican Senate, was the first of many academic awards and recognitions. He was elected to membership of Mexico's National College in 1970, and the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1995.He was the country's permanent delegate to UNESCO from 1987 to 1992 and nominated five pre-Columbian sites in Mexico for inclusion on the World Heritage List. Len-Portilla received the Living Legend Award from the U.S. Library of Congress. He was a member of both the Mexican Academy of Language and the Mexican Academy of History. In 1965, Len-Portilla married Ascensin Trivio, a Spanish linguist. Their daughter is a historian. Len-Portilla died in Mexico City on October 1st after being hospitalized for much of the year. His body will lie in state at the Palacio de Bellas Artes on October 3.Notable works written by Len-Portilla include more than a hundred and a half articles for several institutions, and more than forty books from which the following titles are among the most well-known. His degree thesis has been edited at least ten times and has been translated into English, Italian, Russian and German. Len-Portilla said that the Mexica Tribes didn't have a proper form of "philosophy" like the modern world. According to Len-Portilla, the Aztecs saw the many gods as a single entity called Ometeotl/Omecihuatl. The thesis was extended in "" (In English: Nahuatl Thought and Culture: Study of the Ancient Nahuatl Mind), "" (In English: Seven Essays about Nahuatl Culture; 1958), and "" (In English: The Broken Spears; 1959). His most popular and famous work has been translated into a dozen languages. The Nahuatl vision of the Spanish conquest is brought together in this book by Len-Portilla.The National Council for Culture and the Arts, the National Institute of Anthropology and History, the National University of Mexico and the National College Los antiguos mexicanos held an event to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the first edition. In English, mayas e incas is the reverse of the conquest. Tiempo y realidad en el pensamiento maya was written in 1964.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam%20Warburton

Sam Warburton

Sam Kennedy-Warburton, OBE MStJ (born 5 October 1988), commonly known as Sam Warburton, is a Welsh former international rugby union player. Warburton played rugby for the Cardiff Blues and was first capped for Wales in 2009. He usually played as an openside flanker but was also capable of playing at blindside. In June 2011, he was named as Wales captain versus the Barbarians and subsequently in August 2011 he was named as the Wales captain for the 2011 Rugby World Cup. In April 2013, he was named the Lions' captain for the 2013 tour to Australia, and was also named as captain for the 2017 tour to New Zealand. Warburton held the record for the most Wales caps as captain (49) until surpassed by Alun Wyn Jones. In July 2018, the Wales and British & Irish Lions captain announced his retirement from rugby union at 29 years of age after failing to fully recover from neck and back surgery Early and personal life Warburton was born in Wales to a Welsh mother and an English father and he considers himself Welsh and British. He has an older twin brother, Ben, who played at semi-professional level with Glamorgan Wanderers RFC and is now a physiotherapist for the Cardiff Blues, and an older sister Holly, a schoolteacher. Their great-grandfather, George Reed, was a professional footballer who played 150 times for Leeds United in the 1920s and 1930s. He attended Whitchurch High School and left with three A Levels. As a youngster he was a keen football player and played for his school team alongside schoolmate Real Madrid and Wales forward Gareth Bale. He had a trial with local club Cardiff City at the age of 14 but chose to concentrate on rugby instead. He played on the junior teams of Rhiwbina RFC and played for Glamorgan Wanderers RFC whilst a member of the Cardiff Blues Academy. On 5 July 2014, Warburton married long term partner Rachel Thomas in a church ceremony in Newport, before the couple held a reception at the Celtic Manor Resort. He is a supporter of Tottenham Hotspur F.C. Career Warburton represented Wales at all levels, captaining the under-18s, under-19s and under-20s. He led Wales to the semi-finals of the World Championships at under-19 and under-20 level. Warburton made his debut for the senior Wales national team against the United States on 6 June 2009. On 18 January 2010, he was named in the 35-man Wales squad for the 2010 Six Nations. He scored his first international try against Italy in the 2011 Six Nations. Warburton captained Wales for the first time against the Barbarians on 4 June 2011 at the age of 22 years and 242 days becoming Wales' second youngest captain after Gareth Edwards. In a World Cup warm-up match against England, Warburton was named man of the match. In August 2011, he was named as captain for the 2011 Rugby World Cup in New Zealand in the absence of the injured Matthew Rees. 2011 Rugby World Cup In the opening match of the tournament against South Africa, Warburton became the youngest ever World Cup captain, facing experienced South African openside flanker Heinrich Brüssow. While Wales lost 17–16, Warburton won man of the match, forcing six turnovers and making nearly a quarter of Wales' tackles (23 out of 99). He continued his form in the match against Samoa, making a further six turnovers and 17 tackles as Wales won 17–10. Warburton played another good game against Namibia before being rested for the final half-hour in the 81–7 game. Wales then booked their place in the quarter-finals against Ireland with a 66–0 win over Fiji, in direct contrast to the loss of four years earlier. Warburton was again at the heart of the performance making some steals and some good runs, and also scoring his second test try. At the end of this remarkable few weeks, Warburton was then voted the Player of Pool D by the fans; he had taken the tournament by storm, making the highest number of turnovers. Wales then met Ireland in the quarter-final as Warburton faced the in-form Irish openside flanker Seán O'Brien, in the 'battle of the opensides'. Wales reached the semi-final for the first time in 24 years with a 22–10 win, as Warburton continued his form, making 21 tackles and a number of turnovers, disrupting Ireland's ball. In the semi-final against an out-of-form France, Warburton became the second Wales player to receive a red card in a World Cup when he was sent off after 18 minutes by the Irish referee Alain Rolland for a dangerous tackle on Vincent Clerc. Warburton admitted the offence at a disciplinary hearing in Auckland, and stated to the press that the decision was fair. However, he stated in his autobiography in 2019 that he actually considered that only a yellow card should have been awarded. Despite the sending off, the Guardian newspaper, Brynmor Williams and Sir Ian McGeechan, the Lions coach, named him player of the tournament. 2012 Six Nations In spite of the return of former captain Matthew Rees, Warburton retained the Wales captaincy for the 2012 Six Nations. However, the campaign was disrupted by injury. In the opening match against Ireland, Warburton went off injured at half-time with a dead leg, but Wales managed to win 23–21. He missed the 27–13 win over Scotland but returned for the Triple Crown decider against England. Wales won 19–12. Warburton was at his best making steals, carries, taking lineouts, but it was his try-saving tackle on Manu Tuilagi that caught the eye. The England centre seemed destined to score in the corner but Warburton launched himself low and grabbed his ankles to make a superb try-saver. As a result, he was awarded man of the match. However, he sustained a knee injury and missed the 24–3 win over Italy. He returned for the Grand Slam decider against France but was once again injured, this time his shoulder and was taken off at half-time. Wales prevailed though 16–9 to claim a Grand Slam. Warburton would then lift the trophy with one hand, since his other shoulder was in a sling. He later spoke of his guilt at going off at half-time and asked vice-captains Gethin Jenkins and Ryan Jones to share the raising of the trophy, but the veterans said it was his moment. The injury he sustained would rule him out for six weeks, returning in time for the Lions tour of Australia in June 2013. 2015 Six Nations Warburton surpassed the record of 33 caps as Wales captain held by Ryan Jones against Ireland on 14 March 2015. British & Irish Lions Warburton was named as captain of a 37-man squad for the 2013 British & Irish Lions tour to Australia, making him the youngest ever Lions captain at the age of 24. Warburton was selected as captain in the first test in Brisbane, combining in the back row with Tom Croft and Jamie Heaslip. The Lions won 23–21 with Warburton topping the tackle count with 14. Warburton started the second test a week later. The Lions lost 16–15 and many considered the turning point to be when Warburton got injured and left the field. Warburton was magnificent at the breakdown preventing the Wallabies from having a platform. However, the hamstring injury he picked up in the second test meant Warburton was ruled out of the final, deciding test, with Alun Wyn Jones captaining the team to a 41–16 win and the Lions’ first series victory since 1997. After the match, Warburton and Jones raised the Tom Richards Cup together. In April 2017, Warburton was selected by Warren Gatland to captain the Lions for the 2017 tour to New Zealand. International tries Honours Cardiff Blues European Challenge Cup: 2009–10 Wales Six Nations Championship: Winner (2): 2012, 2013 Grand Slam Winner (1):2012 Triple Crown Winner (1):2012 He was awarded an Honorary Fellowship by the University of South Wales in 2013. References External links Cardiff Blues Profile Cardiff Rugby players Glamorgan Wanderers RFC players Living people Officers of the Order of the British Empire People educated at Whitchurch High School Rugby union players from Cardiff Twin people from Wales Wales international rugby union players Welsh people of English descent Wales rugby union captains Rugby union flankers 1988 births British & Irish Lions rugby union players from Wales People from Rhiwbina Twin sportspeople

<mask>, OBE MStJ (born 5 October 1988), commonly known as <mask>, is a Welsh former international rugby union player. Warburton played rugby for the Cardiff Blues and was first capped for Wales in 2009. He usually played as an openside flanker but was also capable of playing at blindside. In June 2011, he was named as Wales captain versus the Barbarians and subsequently in August 2011 he was named as the Wales captain for the 2011 Rugby World Cup. In April 2013, he was named the Lions' captain for the 2013 tour to Australia, and was also named as captain for the 2017 tour to New Zealand. Warburton held the record for the most Wales caps as captain (49) until surpassed by Alun Wyn Jones. In July 2018, the Wales and British & Irish Lions captain announced his retirement from rugby union at 29 years of age after failing to fully recover from neck and back surgery Early and personal life <mask> was born in Wales to a Welsh mother and an English father and he considers himself Welsh and British.He has an older twin brother, Ben, who played at semi-professional level with Glamorgan Wanderers RFC and is now a physiotherapist for the Cardiff Blues, and an older sister Holly, a schoolteacher. Their great-grandfather, George Reed, was a professional footballer who played 150 times for Leeds United in the 1920s and 1930s. He attended Whitchurch High School and left with three A Levels. As a youngster he was a keen football player and played for his school team alongside schoolmate Real Madrid and Wales forward Gareth Bale. He had a trial with local club Cardiff City at the age of 14 but chose to concentrate on rugby instead. He played on the junior teams of Rhiwbina RFC and played for Glamorgan Wanderers RFC whilst a member of the Cardiff Blues Academy. On 5 July 2014, Warburton married long term partner Rachel Thomas in a church ceremony in Newport, before the couple held a reception at the Celtic Manor Resort.He is a supporter of Tottenham Hotspur F.C. Career Warburton represented Wales at all levels, captaining the under-18s, under-19s and under-20s. He led Wales to the semi-finals of the World Championships at under-19 and under-20 level. Warburton made his debut for the senior Wales national team against the United States on 6 June 2009. On 18 January 2010, he was named in the 35-man Wales squad for the 2010 Six Nations. He scored his first international try against Italy in the 2011 Six Nations. <mask> captained Wales for the first time against the Barbarians on 4 June 2011 at the age of 22 years and 242 days becoming Wales' second youngest captain after Gareth Edwards.In a World Cup warm-up match against England, <mask> was named man of the match. In August 2011, he was named as captain for the 2011 Rugby World Cup in New Zealand in the absence of the injured Matthew Rees. 2011 Rugby World Cup In the opening match of the tournament against South Africa, Warburton became the youngest ever World Cup captain, facing experienced South African openside flanker Heinrich Brüssow. While Wales lost 17–16, Warburton won man of the match, forcing six turnovers and making nearly a quarter of Wales' tackles (23 out of 99). He continued his form in the match against Samoa, making a further six turnovers and 17 tackles as Wales won 17–10. Warburton played another good game against Namibia before being rested for the final half-hour in the 81–7 game. Wales then booked their place in the quarter-finals against Ireland with a 66–0 win over Fiji, in direct contrast to the loss of four years earlier.<mask> was again at the heart of the performance making some steals and some good runs, and also scoring his second test try. At the end of this remarkable few weeks, <mask> was then voted the Player of Pool D by the fans; he had taken the tournament by storm, making the highest number of turnovers. Wales then met Ireland in the quarter-final as Warburton faced the in-form Irish openside flanker Seán O'Brien, in the 'battle of the opensides'. Wales reached the semi-final for the first time in 24 years with a 22–10 win, as Warburton continued his form, making 21 tackles and a number of turnovers, disrupting Ireland's ball. In the semi-final against an out-of-form France, Warburton became the second Wales player to receive a red card in a World Cup when he was sent off after 18 minutes by the Irish referee Alain Rolland for a dangerous tackle on Vincent Clerc. Warburton admitted the offence at a disciplinary hearing in Auckland, and stated to the press that the decision was fair. However, he stated in his autobiography in 2019 that he actually considered that only a yellow card should have been awarded.Despite the sending off, the Guardian newspaper, Brynmor Williams and Sir Ian McGeechan, the Lions coach, named him player of the tournament. 2012 Six Nations In spite of the return of former captain Matthew Rees, Warburton retained the Wales captaincy for the 2012 Six Nations. However, the campaign was disrupted by injury. In the opening match against Ireland, Warburton went off injured at half-time with a dead leg, but Wales managed to win 23–21. He missed the 27–13 win over Scotland but returned for the Triple Crown decider against England. Wales won 19–12. Warburton was at his best making steals, carries, taking lineouts, but it was his try-saving tackle on Manu Tuilagi that caught the eye.The England centre seemed destined to score in the corner but <mask> launched himself low and grabbed his ankles to make a superb try-saver. As a result, he was awarded man of the match. However, he sustained a knee injury and missed the 24–3 win over Italy. He returned for the Grand Slam decider against France but was once again injured, this time his shoulder and was taken off at half-time. Wales prevailed though 16–9 to claim a Grand Slam. <mask> would then lift the trophy with one hand, since his other shoulder was in a sling. He later spoke of his guilt at going off at half-time and asked vice-captains Gethin Jenkins and Ryan Jones to share the raising of the trophy, but the veterans said it was his moment.The injury he sustained would rule him out for six weeks, returning in time for the Lions tour of Australia in June 2013. 2015 Six Nations Warburton surpassed the record of 33 caps as Wales captain held by Ryan Jones against Ireland on 14 March 2015. British & Irish Lions Warburton was named as captain of a 37-man squad for the 2013 British & Irish Lions tour to Australia, making him the youngest ever Lions captain at the age of 24. <mask> was selected as captain in the first test in Brisbane, combining in the back row with Tom Croft and Jamie Heaslip. The Lions won 23–21 with Warburton topping the tackle count with 14. Warburton started the second test a week later. The Lions lost 16–15 and many considered the turning point to be when Warburton got injured and left the field.<mask> was magnificent at the breakdown preventing the Wallabies from having a platform. However, the hamstring injury he picked up in the second test meant <mask> was ruled out of the final, deciding test, with Alun Wyn Jones captaining the team to a 41–16 win and the Lions’ first series victory since 1997. After the match, <mask> and Jones raised the Tom Richards Cup together. In April 2017, <mask> was selected by Warren Gatland to captain the Lions for the 2017 tour to New Zealand. International tries Honours Cardiff Blues European Challenge Cup: 2009–10 Wales Six Nations Championship: Winner (2): 2012, 2013 Grand Slam Winner (1):2012 Triple Crown Winner (1):2012 He was awarded an Honorary Fellowship by the University of South Wales in 2013. References External links Cardiff Blues Profile Cardiff Rugby players Glamorgan Wanderers RFC players Living people Officers of the Order of the British Empire People educated at Whitchurch High School Rugby union players from Cardiff Twin people from Wales Wales international rugby union players Welsh people of English descent Wales rugby union captains Rugby union flankers 1988 births British & Irish Lions rugby union players from Wales People from Rhiwbina Twin sportspeople

<mask>, also known as <mask>, is a Welsh former international rugby union player. He was first capped for Wales in 2009. He was capable of playing both flankers and blindside. He was named the Wales captain for the Rugby World Cup in August of 2011. He was named the Lions' captain for the tour to Australia and New Zealand in April 2013). Alun Wyn Jones broke the record for the most Wales caps as captain. In July 2018, the Wales and British and Irish Lions captain announced his retirement from rugby union at the age of 29 after failing to fully recover from neck and back surgery.He has three siblings, two of which are older and one of which is a teacher. George Reed was a professional footballer who played for Leeds United in the 1920s and 1930s. He graduated from high school with three A Levels. He was a keen football player as a kid and played for his school team with Real Madrid and Wales forward Gareth Bale. At the age of 14, he had a trial with the local club, but chose to concentrate on rugby. He was a member of the Cardiff Blues Academy and played for the junior teams of Rhiwbina and Glamorgan. On July 5, 2014, <mask> and Rachel Thomas were married in a church ceremony in Newport, before holding a reception at the Celtic Manor Resort.He is a fan of the team. He captained the under-18s, under-19s and under-20s. He led Wales to the semi-finals of the World Championships. The senior Wales national team played the United States on June 6, 2009. He was named to the Wales squad for the 2010 Six Nations. He scored a try against Italy in the Six Nations. <mask> became Wales' second youngest captain at the age of 22 years and 242 days when he captained Wales for the first time against the Barbarians.The man of the match was named in the World Cup warm-up match. He was named the captain for the Rugby World Cup in New Zealand in August of 2011. In the opening match of the Rugby World Cup, <mask> became the youngest ever World Cup captain, facing an experienced South African flanker. While Wales lost, the man of the match was <mask>, who forced six turnovers and made nearly a quarter of Wales' tackles. He made six turnovers and 17 tackles in Wales' 17–10 victory over Samoa. He was rested for the final half-hour of the 81–7 game after playing a good game against Namibia. In comparison to four years ago, Wales booked their place in the quarter-finals with a 66–0 win over Fiji.The heart of the performance was made up of <mask> who made some steals and good runs and also scored his second test try. The fans voted him the Player of Pool D at the end of the tournament, and he made the highest number of turnovers. In the battle of the opensides, Ireland's Sen O'Brien faced off against Wales's <mask>. Wales reached the semi-finals for the first time in 24 years with a 22–10 win over Ireland, as <mask> continued his form, making 21 tackles and a number of turnovers, disrupting Ireland's ball. The second Wales player to receive a red card in a World Cup was <mask>, who was sent off after 18 minutes against France for a dangerous tackle. The decision was fair, according to <mask>, who admitted the offence at the hearing. He stated in his book that he thought only a yellow card should have been awarded.He was named the player of the tournament despite being sent off. The captain of Wales for the 2012 Six Nations was retained despite the return of Matthew Rees. The campaign was disrupted by injury. In the opening match against Ireland, Warburton went off with a dead leg, but Wales won 23-21. He missed the 27–13 win over Scotland but came back for the Triple Crown decider. Wales won 19–12. It was his try-saving tackle on Tuilagi that caught the eye, but he was at his best making steals, carries, taking lineouts, but it was his try-saving tackle on Tuilagi that caught the eye.The England centre was going to score in the corner, but <mask> grabbed his ankle and made a superb try-saving tackle. He was awarded the man of the match. He missed the 24–3 win over Italy because of a knee injury. He injured his shoulder again at the Grand Slam decider and was taken off at half-time. Wales won a Grand Slam. Since his other shoulder was in a sling, he would lift the trophy with one hand. He asked the vice-captains to share the raising of the trophy, but the veterans said it was his moment.He would be out for six weeks because of the injury, but would be back for the Lions tour of Australia in June. Ryan Jones held the record of 33 caps as Wales captain. The British & Irish Lions named their captain for the upcoming tour to Australia at the age of 24, making him the youngest ever captain. The captain of the first test was chosen by combining the back row with Jamie Heaslip. The Lions had a tackle count of 14. The second test began a week later. The turning point in the Lions' 16–15 loss was when <mask> left the field with an injury.The Australians were prevented from having a platform by Warburton at the breakdown. It was Alun Wyn Jones who captained the team to a 41–16 win and the Lions' first series victory since 1997. The Tom Richards Cup was raised by Warburton and Jones. The Lions captain for the tour to New Zealand was selected in April of last year by Warren Gatland. He won the Wales Six Nations Championship in 2012 and the 2012 Triple Crown. The officers of the Order of the British Empire have a profile of the players of the Cardiff Blues rugby union team.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Allen%20White

William Allen White

William Allen White (February 10, 1868 – January 29, 1944) was an American newspaper editor, politician, author, and leader of the Progressive movement. Between 1896 and his death, White became a spokesman for middle America. At a 1937 banquet held in his honor by the Kansas Editorial Association, he was called "the most loved and most distinguished member" of the Kansas press. Early life White was born in Emporia, Kansas and moved to El Dorado, Kansas, with his parents, Allen and Mary Ann Hatten White, where he spent the majority of his childhood. He loved animals and reading books. He attended the College of Emporia and the University of Kansas, and in 1889 started work at The Kansas City Star as an editorial writer. The Emporia Gazette In 1895, White bought the Emporia Gazette for $3,000 from William Yoast Morgan and became its editor. What's the matter with Kansas? – 1896 White was a political conservative at this early stage of his career. In 1896 a White editorial titled "What's the Matter With Kansas?" attracted national attention with a scathing attack on William Jennings Bryan, the Democrats, and the Populists. White sharply ridiculed Populist leaders for letting Kansas slip into economic stagnation and not keeping up economically with neighboring states because their anti-business policies frightened away economic capital from the state. White wrote: "There are two ideas of government," said our noble Bryan at Chicago. "There are those who believe that if you legislate to make the well-to-do prosperous, this prosperity will leak through on those below. The Democratic idea has been that if you legislate to make the masses prosperous their prosperity will find its way up and through every class and rest upon them." That's the stuff! Give the prosperous man the dickens! Legislate the thriftless man into ease, whack the stuffing out of the creditors and tell the debtors who borrowed the money five years ago when money "per capita" was greater than it is now, that the contraction of currency gives him a right to repudiate. The Republicans sent out hundreds of thousands of copies of the editorial in support of William McKinley during the intensely fought presidential election of 1896, providing White with national exposure. With his warm sense of humor, articulate editorial pen, and uncommon sense approach to life, White soon became known throughout the country. His Gazette editorials were widely reprinted; he wrote stories on politics syndicated by the George Matthew Adams Service; and he published many books, including biographies of Woodrow Wilson and Calvin Coolidge. "What's the Matter With Kansas?" and "Mary White" (a tribute to his 16-year-old daughter on her death in 1921) was his best-known writings. Locally he was known as the greatest booster for Emporia. He won a 1923 Pulitzer Prize for his editorial "To an Anxious Friend", published July 27, 1922, after being arrested in a dispute over free speech following objections to the way the state of Kansas handled the men who participated in the Great Railroad Strike of 1922. Small-town ideals In his novels and short stories, White developed his idea of the small town as a metaphor for understanding social change and for preaching the necessity of community. While he expressed his views in terms of the small town, he tailored his rhetoric to the needs and values of emerging urban America. The cynicism of the post-World War I world stilled his imaginary literature, but for the remainder of his life he continued to propagate his vision of small-town community. He opposed chain stores and mail order firms as a threat to the business owner on Main Street. The Great Depression shook his faith in a cooperative, selfless, middle-class America. Like most old Progressives his attitude toward the New Deal was ambivalent: President Franklin D. Roosevelt cared for the country and was personally attractive, but White considered his solutions haphazard. White saw the country uniting behind old ideals by 1940, in the face of foreign threats. Fighting corruption White sought to encourage a viable moral order that would provide the nation with a sense of community. He recognized the powerful forces of corruption but called for slow, remedial change having its origin in the middle class. In his novel In the Heart of a Fool (1918), White fully developed the idea that reform remained the soundest ally of property rights. He felt that the Spanish–American War fostered political unity, and believed that a moral victory and an advance in civilization would be compensation for the devastation of World War I. White concluded that democracy in the New Era inevitably lacked direction, and the New Deal found him a baffled spectator. Nevertheless, he clung to his vision of a cooperative society until his death in 1944. Politics White became a leader of the Progressive movement in Kansas, forming the Kansas Republican League in 1912 to oppose railroads. White helped Theodore Roosevelt form the Progressive (Bull-Moose) Party in the 1912 presidential election in opposition to the conservative forces surrounding incumbent Republican president William Howard Taft. White was a reporter at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 and a strong supporter of Woodrow Wilson's proposal for the League of Nations. The League went into operation but the U.S. never joined. During the 1920s, White was critical of both the isolationism and the conservatism of the Republican Party. According to Roger Bresnahan: White's finest hour came in his vigorous assault, beginning with Gazette editorials in 1921, on the Ku Klux Klan – a crusade that led him to run for governor of Kansas in 1924 so that his anti-Klan message would reach a broader state and national audience. As expected, White did not win the election, but he was widely credited with deflating Klan intentions in Kansas. In the 1928 presidential election, he condemned the Democratic nominee Al Smith as the candidate of "the saloon, prostitution, and gambling" for Smith's opposition to Prohibition. In the 1930s he was an early supporter of the Republican presidential nominees, Alf Landon of Kansas in 1936, and Wendell Willkie in 1940. However, White was on the liberal wing of the Republican Party and wrote many editorials praising the New Deal of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Sponsoring painter John Steuart Curry White was the leader in persuading Kansas newspaper editors and publishers to run a fund-raising campaign so as to invite Kansas's most famous artist, John Steuart Curry, to paint murals for Kansas. He got the support of Governor Walter Huxman and other politicians, and the result was the prestigious invitation to paint murals for the Kansas Capitol. The result was Tragic Prelude. Sage of Emporia The last quarter century of White's life was spent as an unofficial national spokesman for Middle America. This led President Franklin Roosevelt to ask White to help generate public support for the Allies before America's entry into World War II. In 1940 White was fundamental in the formation of the Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies, sometimes known as the White Committee. He resigned on 3 Jan. 1941, writing to a newspaper columnist that "In our New York and Washington chapters we have a bunch of war mongers and under our organization we have no way to oust them and I just can't remain at the head of an organization that is being used by those chapter to ghost dance for war." Sometimes referred to as the Sage of Emporia, he continued to write editorials for the Gazette until his death in 1944. He was also a founding editor of the Book of the Month Club along with longtime friend Dorothy Canfield. Family White married Sallie Lindsay in 1893. They had two children, William Lindsay, born in 1900, and Mary Katherine, born in 1904. Mary died in a 1921 horse-riding accident, prompting her father to publish a famous eulogy, "Mary White," on May 17, 1921. White visited six of the seven continents at least once in his long life. Due to his fame and success, he received 10 honorary degrees from universities, including one from Harvard. White taught his son William L. the importance of journalism, and after his death, William L. took charge of the Gazette and continued its local success; after he died, his wife Kathrine ran it. Their daughter Barbara and her husband, David Walker, took it over much as William had earlier, and today the paper remains family-run, currently headed by Willian Allen White's great-grandson, Christopher White Walker. White and the Two Roosevelts White developed a friendship with President Theodore Roosevelt in the 1890s that lasted until Roosevelt's death in 1919. Roosevelt spent several nights at White's Wight and Wight-designed home, Red Rocks, during trips across the United States. White was to say later, "Roosevelt bit me and I went mad." Later, White supported much of the New Deal, but voted against Franklin D. Roosevelt every time. Famous visitors to Red Rocks (White family home in Emporia) Theodore Roosevelt Herbert Hoover Calvin Coolidge Edna Ferber Henry J. Allen Frances Louise Tracy and Anne Morgan, who were, respectively, the wife and the daughter of J.P. Morgan Douglas Fairbanks Dorothy Canfield Posthumous honors Life described White: The city of Emporia raised $25,000 in war bonds during World War II and were granted naming rights for a B-29 bomber in early 1945. They unsurprisingly chose to name it after their most famous citizen, William Allen White. This bomber was sent with a crew of men to the island of Tinian in the South Pacific and was part of the same bomber squadron that the Enola Gay was in. During World War Two, the William Allen White Liberty ship was launched from Richmond, California on May 8, 1944. His autobiography, which was published posthumously in 1946 won the 1947 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography. In 1948 a 3¢ stamp was made in his honor by the U.S. Postal Service. The University of Kansas Journalism School is named for him, as is the library building at Emporia State University. There are also two awards the William Allen White Foundation has created: The William Allen White Award for outstanding Journalistic merit and the Children's Book Award. The town of Emporia honors him to this day with city limits signs on I-35, US-50, and K-99 announcing "Home of William Allen White." White's image is used by the band They Might Be Giants in stagecraft and music videos. Quotations From editorial "Mary White": From editorial "Student Riots", The Emporia Gazette, April 8, 1932: {{blockquote|As a matter of fact student riots of one sort or another, protests against the order that is, kicks against college and university management indicate a healthy growth and a normal functioning of the academic mind. Youth should be radical. Youth should demand change in the world. Youth should not accept the old order if the world is to move on. But the old orders should not be moved easily—certainly not at the mere whim or behest of youth. There must be clash and if youth hasn't enough force or fervor to produce the clash the world grows stale and stagnant and sour in decay. If our colleges and universities do not breed men who riot, who rebel, who attack life with all their youthful vim and vigor, then there is something wrong with our colleges. The more riots that come on college campuses, the better world for tomorrow.}} From a 1933 editorial about the futility of war (referring to World War I): From an editorial published in February 1943, shortly after President Franklin D. Roosevelt returned from the Casablanca Conference with Winston Churchill: From a March 20, 1899 editorial, The Emporia Gazette: Published works White had 22 works published throughout his life. Many of these works were collections of short stories, magazine articles, or speeches he gave throughout his long career. PoetryRhymes by Two Friends, with Albert Bigelow Paine (1893) BiographiesWoodrow Wilson, The Man, His Times, and His Tasks (1924)Calvin Coolidge, The Man Who is President (1925)Masks in a Pageant (1928); profiles presidents from McKinley to WilsonA Puritan in Babylon: The Story of Calvin Coolidge (1938)The Autobiography of William Allen White (1946) FictionThe Real Issue: A Book of Kansas Stories (1896)The Court of Boyville (1899)Stratagems and Spoils: Stories of Love and Politics (1901)In Our Town (1906)A Certain Rich Man (1909)God's Puppets (1916)The Martial Adventures of Henry & Me (1918)In the Heart of a Fool (1918) Political and social commentaryThe Old Order Changeth: A View of American Democracy (1910)Politics: The Citizen's Business (1924)Some Cycles of Cathay (1925)Boys-Then and Now (1926)What It's All About: Being A Reporter's Story of the Early Campaign of 1936 (1936)Forty Years on Main Street (1937)The Changing West: An Economic Theory About Our Golden Age (1939) See also Theodore Roosevelt Progressive Party (United States, 1912) William Lindsay White Emporia Gazette Pulitzer Prize Great Railroad Strike of 1922 William Allen White Cabins, the Whites' summer retreat, now in Rocky Mountain National Park and listed in the National Register of Historic Places Notes Further reading Agran, Edward Gale. "Too Good a Town": William Allen White, Community, and the Emerging Rhetoric of Middle America. (1998) 240 pp. Buller, Beverley Olson. From Emporia: William Allen White. Kansas City Star Books. (2007) Delgadillo, Charles. Crusader for Democracy: The political life of William Allen White (2018). Griffith, Sally Foreman. Home Town News: William Allen White and the Emporia Gazette (1989) online edition Hinshaw, David. A Man from Kansas: The Story of William Allen White (2005) 332 pp excerpt and text search Johnson, Walter F. William Allen White's America (1947) Johnson, Walter. "William Allen White: Country Editor, 1897- 1914," Kansas Historical Quarterly (1947) 14 (1) pp. 1–21. online McKee, John DeWitt. William Allen White: Maverick on Main Street (1975) 264 pages Primary sources Johnson, Walter F. ed. The Selected Letters of William Allen White (1947). White, William Allen. The Autobiography of William Allen White (1946). Johnson, Walter, and Alberta Pantle. "A Bibliography of the Published Works of William Allen White" Kansas Historical Quarterly'' (1947) 14 (1) pp. 22–41. online External links Emporia Gazette & Museum William Allen White Profile from Kansas State Historical Society William Allen White House William Allen White's printing press, Kansas Museum of History This Might Be a Wiki: the tmbg knowledge base William Allen White letters at the Newberry Library 1868 births 1944 deaths People from Emporia, Kansas People from El Dorado, Kansas University of Kansas alumni Writers from Kansas American newspaper editors Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography winners Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing winners Kansas Progressives (1912) The Kansas City Star people Kansas Republicans College of Emporia alumni

<mask> (February 10, 1868 – January 29, 1944) was an American newspaper editor, politician, author, and leader of the Progressive movement. Between 1896 and his death, <mask> became a spokesman for middle America. At a 1937 banquet held in his honor by the Kansas Editorial Association, he was called "the most loved and most distinguished member" of the Kansas press. Early life <mask> was born in Emporia, Kansas and moved to El Dorado, Kansas, with his parents, <mask> and <mask>, where he spent the majority of his childhood. He loved animals and reading books. He attended the College of Emporia and the University of Kansas, and in 1889 started work at The Kansas City Star as an editorial writer. The Emporia Gazette In 1895, <mask> bought the Emporia Gazette for $3,000 from <mask> and became its editor.What's the matter with Kansas? – 1896 <mask> was a political conservative at this early stage of his career. In 1896 a <mask> editorial titled "What's the Matter With Kansas?" attracted national attention with a scathing attack on <mask> Bryan, the Democrats, and the Populists. <mask> sharply ridiculed Populist leaders for letting Kansas slip into economic stagnation and not keeping up economically with neighboring states because their anti-business policies frightened away economic capital from the state. <mask> wrote: "There are two ideas of government," said our noble Bryan at Chicago. "There are those who believe that if you legislate to make the well-to-do prosperous, this prosperity will leak through on those below.The Democratic idea has been that if you legislate to make the masses prosperous their prosperity will find its way up and through every class and rest upon them." That's the stuff! Give the prosperous man the dickens! Legislate the thriftless man into ease, whack the stuffing out of the creditors and tell the debtors who borrowed the money five years ago when money "per capita" was greater than it is now, that the contraction of currency gives him a right to repudiate. The Republicans sent out hundreds of thousands of copies of the editorial in support of <mask> during the intensely fought presidential election of 1896, providing <mask> with national exposure. With his warm sense of humor, articulate editorial pen, and uncommon sense approach to life, <mask> soon became known throughout the country. His Gazette editorials were widely reprinted; he wrote stories on politics syndicated by the George Matthew Adams Service; and he published many books, including biographies of Woodrow Wilson and Calvin Coolidge."What's the Matter With Kansas?" and "Mary White" (a tribute to his 16-year-old daughter on her death in 1921) was his best-known writings. Locally he was known as the greatest booster for Emporia. He won a 1923 Pulitzer Prize for his editorial "To an Anxious Friend", published July 27, 1922, after being arrested in a dispute over free speech following objections to the way the state of Kansas handled the men who participated in the Great Railroad Strike of 1922. Small-town ideals In his novels and short stories, <mask> developed his idea of the small town as a metaphor for understanding social change and for preaching the necessity of community. While he expressed his views in terms of the small town, he tailored his rhetoric to the needs and values of emerging urban America. The cynicism of the post-World War I world stilled his imaginary literature, but for the remainder of his life he continued to propagate his vision of small-town community.He opposed chain stores and mail order firms as a threat to the business owner on Main Street. The Great Depression shook his faith in a cooperative, selfless, middle-class America. Like most old Progressives his attitude toward the New Deal was ambivalent: President Franklin D. Roosevelt cared for the country and was personally attractive, but <mask> considered his solutions haphazard. <mask> saw the country uniting behind old ideals by 1940, in the face of foreign threats. Fighting corruption <mask> sought to encourage a viable moral order that would provide the nation with a sense of community. He recognized the powerful forces of corruption but called for slow, remedial change having its origin in the middle class. In his novel In the Heart of a Fool (1918), <mask> fully developed the idea that reform remained the soundest ally of property rights.He felt that the Spanish–American War fostered political unity, and believed that a moral victory and an advance in civilization would be compensation for the devastation of World War I. <mask> concluded that democracy in the New Era inevitably lacked direction, and the New Deal found him a baffled spectator. Nevertheless, he clung to his vision of a cooperative society until his death in 1944. Politics <mask> became a leader of the Progressive movement in Kansas, forming the Kansas Republican League in 1912 to oppose railroads. <mask> helped Theodore Roosevelt form the Progressive (Bull-Moose) Party in the 1912 presidential election in opposition to the conservative forces surrounding incumbent Republican president <mask> Taft. <mask> was a reporter at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 and a strong supporter of Woodrow Wilson's proposal for the League of Nations. The League went into operation but the U.S. never joined.During the 1920s, <mask> was critical of both the isolationism and the conservatism of the Republican Party. According to Roger Bresnahan: <mask>'s finest hour came in his vigorous assault, beginning with Gazette editorials in 1921, on the Ku Klux Klan – a crusade that led him to run for governor of Kansas in 1924 so that his anti-Klan message would reach a broader state and national audience. As expected, <mask> did not win the election, but he was widely credited with deflating Klan intentions in Kansas. In the 1928 presidential election, he condemned the Democratic nominee Al Smith as the candidate of "the saloon, prostitution, and gambling" for Smith's opposition to Prohibition. In the 1930s he was an early supporter of the Republican presidential nominees, Alf Landon of Kansas in 1936, and Wendell Willkie in 1940. However, <mask> was on the liberal wing of the Republican Party and wrote many editorials praising the New Deal of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Sponsoring painter John Steuart <mask> was the leader in persuading Kansas newspaper editors and publishers to run a fund-raising campaign so as to invite Kansas's most famous artist, John Steuart Curry, to paint murals for Kansas.He got the support of Governor Walter Huxman and other politicians, and the result was the prestigious invitation to paint murals for the Kansas Capitol. The result was Tragic Prelude. Sage of Emporia The last quarter century of <mask>'s life was spent as an unofficial national spokesman for Middle America. This led President Franklin Roosevelt to ask <mask> to help generate public support for the Allies before America's entry into World War II. In 1940 <mask> was fundamental in the formation of the Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies, sometimes known as the White Committee. He resigned on 3 Jan. 1941, writing to a newspaper columnist that "In our New York and Washington chapters we have a bunch of war mongers and under our organization we have no way to oust them and I just can't remain at the head of an organization that is being used by those chapter to ghost dance for war." Sometimes referred to as the Sage of Emporia, he continued to write editorials for the Gazette until his death in 1944.He was also a founding editor of the Book of the Month Club along with longtime friend Dorothy Canfield. <mask> married Sallie Lindsay in 1893. They had two children, <mask>, born in 1900, and Mary Katherine, born in 1904. Mary died in a 1921 horse-riding accident, prompting her father to publish a famous eulogy, "Mary White," on May 17, 1921. <mask> visited six of the seven continents at least once in his long life. Due to his fame and success, he received 10 honorary degrees from universities, including one from Harvard. <mask> taught his son <mask>. the importance of journalism, and after his death, <mask>. took charge of the Gazette and continued its local success; after he died, his wife Kathrine ran it.Their daughter Barbara and her husband, David Walker, took it over much as <mask> had earlier, and today the paper remains family-run, currently headed by Willian <mask>'s great-grandson, <mask> Walker. <mask> and the Two Roosevelts <mask> developed a friendship with President Theodore Roosevelt in the 1890s that lasted until Roosevelt's death in 1919. Roosevelt spent several nights at <mask>'s Wight and Wight-designed home, Red Rocks, during trips across the United States. <mask> was to say later, "Roosevelt bit me and I went mad." Later, <mask> supported much of the New Deal, but voted against Franklin D. Roosevelt every time. Famous visitors to Red Rocks (White family home in Emporia) Theodore Roosevelt Herbert Hoover Calvin Coolidge Edna Ferber Henry J<mask> Frances Louise Tracy and Anne Morgan, who were, respectively, the wife and the daughter of J.P. Morgan Douglas Fairbanks Dorothy Canfield Posthumous honors Life described <mask>: The city of Emporia raised $25,000 in war bonds during World War II and were granted naming rights for a B-29 bomber in early 1945. They unsurprisingly chose to name it after their most famous citizen, <mask> <mask> Gay was in. During World War Two, the William Allen White Liberty ship was launched from Richmond, California on May 8, 1944. His autobiography, which was published posthumously in 1946 won the 1947 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography. In 1948 a 3¢ stamp was made in his honor by the U.S. Postal Service. The University of Kansas Journalism School is named for him, as is the library building at Emporia State University. There are also two awards the William Allen White Foundation has created: The William Allen White Award for outstanding Journalistic merit and the Children's Book Award.The town of Emporia honors him to this day with city limits signs on I-35, US-50, and K-99 announcing "Home of <mask> White." <mask>'s image is used by the band They Might Be Giants in stagecraft and music videos. Quotations From editorial "<mask>": From editorial "Student Riots", The Emporia Gazette, April 8, 1932: {{blockquote|As a matter of fact student riots of one sort or another, protests against the order that is, kicks against college and university management indicate a healthy growth and a normal functioning of the academic mind. Youth should be radical. Youth should demand change in the world. Youth should not accept the old order if the world is to move on. But the old orders should not be moved easily—certainly not at the mere whim or behest of youth.There must be clash and if youth hasn't enough force or fervor to produce the clash the world grows stale and stagnant and sour in decay. If our colleges and universities do not breed men who riot, who rebel, who attack life with all their youthful vim and vigor, then there is something wrong with our colleges. The more riots that come on college campuses, the better world for tomorrow.}} From a 1933 editorial about the futility of war (referring to World War I): From an editorial published in February 1943, shortly after President Franklin D. Roosevelt returned from the Casablanca Conference with Winston Churchill: From a March 20, 1899 editorial, The Emporia Gazette: Published works <mask> had 22 works published throughout his life. Many of these works were collections of short stories, magazine articles, or speeches he gave throughout his long career. "Too Good a Town": <mask> <mask>, Community, and the Emerging Rhetoric of Middle America. (1998) 240 pp.Buller, Beverley Olson. From Emporia: <mask> <mask>, Charles. Crusader for Democracy: The political life of <mask> <mask> (2018). Griffith, Sally Foreman. Home Town News: <mask> <mask> and the Emporia Gazette (1989) online edition Hinshaw, David.A Man from Kansas: The Story of <mask> <mask> (2005) 332 pp excerpt and text search Johnson, Walter F. <mask> <mask>'s America (1947) Johnson, Walter. "<mask> <mask>: Country Editor, 1897- 1914," Kansas Historical Quarterly (1947) 14 (1) pp. 1–21. online McKee, John DeWitt. <mask> <mask>: Maverick on Main Street (1975) 264 pages Primary sources Johnson, Walter F. ed. The Selected Letters of <mask> <mask> (1947). <mask>, <mask>.The Autobiography of <mask> <mask> (1946). Johnson, Walter, and Alberta Pantle. "A Bibliography of the Published Works of <mask> <mask>" Kansas Historical Quarterly'' (1947) 14 (1) pp. 22–41. online External links Emporia Gazette & Museum <mask> <mask> Profile from Kansas State Historical Society William Allen White House William Allen <mask>'s printing press, Kansas Museum of History This Might Be a Wiki: the tmbg knowledge base <mask> <mask> letters at the Newberry Library 1868 births 1944 deaths People from Emporia, Kansas People from El Dorado, Kansas University of Kansas alumni Writers from Kansas American newspaper editors Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography winners Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing winners Kansas Progressives (1912) The Kansas City Star people Kansas Republicans College of Emporia alumni

<mask> was an American newspaper editor, politician, author, and leader of the Progressives. Between 1896 and his death, <mask> was a spokesman for middle America. He was called "the most loved and most distinguished member" of the Kansas press at a banquet in 1937. <mask> spent most of his childhood in El Dorado, Kansas, where he was raised by his parents, <mask> and <mask>. He read and loved animals. In 1889 he started work at The Kansas City Star as an editorial writer. In 1895, <mask> bought the Emporia Gazette and became its editor.What is going on with Kansas? <mask> was a political conservative at an early stage of his career. <mask> wrote an editorial titled "What's the Matter with Kansas?" in 1896. The attack on <mask>, the Democrats, and the Populists attracted national attention. <mask> ridiculed Populist leaders for letting Kansas slip into economic stagnation and not keeping up economically with neighboring states because of their anti-business policies. Bryan said there were two ideas of government. If you legislate to make the well-to-do prosperous, this prosperity will leak through on those below.The Democratic idea is that if you make the poor prosperous they will find their way up and through everyone else. That's the stuff! The prosperous man should be given the dickens. Legislate the thriftless man into ease, whack the stuffing out of the creditor and tell the debtor who borrowed the money five years ago that they have a right to repudiate it. The Republicans sent out hundreds of thousands of copies of the editorial in support of <mask> during the 1896 presidential election in order to give <mask> national exposure. <mask>'s warm sense of humor, articulate editorial pen, and uncommon sense approach to life made him known throughout the country. He published many books, including biographies of Calvin Coolidge and Woodrow Wilson, and he wrote stories on politics for the George Matthew Adams Service.What is the matter with Kansas? His best-known writings were "Mary White", a tribute to his 16-year-old daughter who died in 1921. He was the greatest booster in the area. He won a 1923 Pulitzer Prize for his editorial "To an Anxious Friend", published July 27, 1922, after being arrested in a dispute over free speech following objections to the way the state of Kansas handled the men who participated in the Great Railroad Strike of 1922. <mask>'s idea of the small town as a metaphor for understanding social change and for preaching the necessity of community was developed in his novels and short stories. He tailored his rhetoric to the needs and values of emerging urban America, even though he expressed his views in terms of the small town. He continued to promote his vision of small-town community despite the cynicism of the post-World War I world.The business owner on Main Street was opposed to chain stores and mail order firms. He lost his faith in middle-class America during the Great Depression. President Franklin D. Roosevelt cared for the country and was personally attractive, but <mask> considered his solutions haphazard. In the face of foreign threats, <mask> saw the country unite behind old ideals. <mask> wanted to encourage a moral order that would give the nation a sense of community. The middle class was the origin of the powerful forces of corruption. The idea that reform was the best ally of property rights was developed by <mask> in his novel In the Heart of a Fool.He believed that a moral victory and advancement in civilization would compensate for the destruction of World War I. The New Deal was bewildered by <mask>'s conclusion that democracy in the New Era lacked direction. He believed in a cooperative society until his death. <mask> formed the Kansas Republican League in 1912 to oppose railroads. Theodore Roosevelt formed the Progressive (Bull-Moose) Party in the 1912 presidential election in opposition to the conservative forces surrounding incumbent Republican president <mask> Taft. A strong supporter of the League of Nations, <mask> was a reporter at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. The U.S. never joined the League.<mask> was critical of both the isolationism and the conservatism of the Republican Party during the 1920s. <mask>'s best hour was his crusade against the Ku Klux Klan, which led him to run for governor of Kansas in 1924, so that his anti-Klan message would reach a broader state. <mask> was credited with deflating Klan intentions in Kansas even though he did not win the election. He condemned Al Smith as the candidate of "the saloon, prostitution, and gambling" for his opposition to prohibition. He was an early supporter of the Republican presidential nominees in the 1930s. <mask> was a member of the liberal wing of the Republican Party and wrote many editorials praising the New Deal. Sponsoring painter John Steuart <mask> was the leader in persuading Kansas newspaper editors and publishers to run a fund-raising campaign so as to invite Kansas's most famous artist, John Steuart Curry, to paint murals for Kansas.He was invited to paint murals for the Kansas Capitol after getting the support of Governor Walter Huxman. The result was tragic. The last quarter century of <mask>'s life was spent as an unofficial national spokesman for Middle America. Before America's entry into World War II, President Franklin Roosevelt asked <mask> to help generate public support for the Allies. The Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies, also known as the White Committee, was formed in 1940. He wrote to a newspaper columnist that he couldn't remain at the head of an organization that was being used to oust war mongers in New York and Washington. He wrote editorials for the Gazette until his death in 1944.He was a founding editor of the Book of the Month Club. <mask> married Lindsay in 1893. They had two children, <mask> and Mary. On May 17, 1921, Mary died in a horse-riding accident and her father published a famous eulogy. <mask> traveled to at least six of the seven continents. He received 10 degrees from universities due to his fame and success. <mask>. took charge of the newspaper after his father's death, and his wife ran it.Their daughter Barbara and her husband, David Walker, took it over much as <mask> had earlier, and today the paper remains family-run, currently headed by Willian <mask>'s great-grandson, <mask> Walker. The friendship between <mask> and Roosevelt lasted until Roosevelt's death in 1919. During his travels across the United States, Roosevelt spent several nights at Red Rocks. "Roosevelt bit me and I went mad," <mask> was to say later. <mask> voted against Franklin D. Roosevelt every time. The wife and daughter of J.P. Morgan were both famous visitors to Red Rocks. <mask> <mask> Gay was part of a bomber squadron that was sent to the island of Tinian in the South Pacific. The William Allen White Liberty ship was launched in California during World War Two. His autobiography won the Pulitzer Prize in 1947. The U.S. made a 3 stamp in his honor. The postal service. The journalism school at the University of Kansas is named after him. The William Allen White Award for outstanding Journalistic merit is one of the awards created by the William Allen White Foundation.The town of Emporia has city limits signs on I-35, US-50, and K-99 to honor <mask> <mask>. The band They Might Be Giants uses <mask>'s image in stagecraft and music videos. As a matter of fact student riots of one sort or another, protests against the order that is, kicks against college and university management indicate a healthy protest. Young people should be radical. There should be change in the world. If the world is to move on, youth should not accept the old order. The old orders should not be easily moved.The world grows stagnant and sour if youth doesn't have enough fervor to produce a clash. There is something wrong with our colleges if they don't breed men who riot, who rebel, who attack life with all their youthful vim and vigor. The world will be a better place if there are more riots on college campuses. In February 1943, shortly after President Franklin D. Roosevelt returned from the Casablanca Conference, an editorial was published about the futility of war. Many of the works he wrote were collections of short stories, magazine articles, or speeches. "Too Good a Town" was written by <mask> <mask>. 260 pp.Buller is the name of the woman. <mask> <mask> was from Emporia. Kansas City Star books. Charles Delgadillo. <mask> <mask> was a Crusader for Democracy. Sally Foreman was the name of the person. The online edition of <mask> <mask> and the Emporia Gazette was published in 1989.A man from Kansas: The Story of <mask> <mask> was published in 2005. "<mask> <mask>: Country Editor, 1897- 1914" was published in the Kansas Historical Quarterly. 1-8. John DeWitt, online. <mask> <mask>: Maverick on Main Street was published in 1975. The Selected Letters of <mask> <mask> were written in 1947. <mask> <mask>.The book was written by <mask> <mask>. They were Johnson, Walter, and Pantle. The "A Bibliography of the Published Works of <mask> <mask>" was published in the Kansas Historical Quarterly. 22–41. The Kansas Museum of History has an External link to the <mask> <mask> Profile from the Kansas State Historical Society.

25666324

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolf%20Brem

Rolf Brem

Rolf Brem (12 February 1926 – 11 April 2014) was a Swiss sculptor, illustrator and graphic artist. He worked in Meggen close to Lake Lucerne. Biography Childhood Rolf Brem grew up in a quarter in Lucerne where most people had conventional professions. There were butchers, bakers, metalworkers or carpenters. His father, Adolf Brem, was a hairdresser. Rolf Brem's godfather and uncle, Johan, was an artist metalworker. When Rolf Brem was only seven years old, he started to model his first sculptures. He made a portrait of Gessler out of clay. When the Second World War started, he made several portraits of General Guisan. Some were painted and some were made out of cement. Rolf Brem was even able to make some money by selling them to his classmates. At that time he also made portraits of his parents and his friends. When Rolf Brem attended secondary school he started to paint with oil colours. However, he continued making sculptures out of clay. He attended secondary school from 1939 until 1945. Brem left secondary school shortly before his final exams. Then he took pictures of his sculptures and went to the artist Hermann Haller. Haller advised Brem to undergo training for a skilled trade in order to have a constant salary. He believed that it would soon show if Rolf Brem was talented or not. Apprenticeships Rolf Brem decided to start an apprenticeship as a ceramist. After a few weeks, Rolf Brem was not interested in his work anymore and so he decided to quit and to attend art school in 1945. During this time he was allowed to assist Hans von Matt, a local sculptor. After three years at art school, Rolf Brem stopped attending because he wanted to work. Rolf Brem had heard about a sculptor called Karl Geiser who was born in 1898. Karl Geiser was one of the most famous Swiss sculptors whose works of art were much in demand. Rolf Brem wrote to Karl Geiser and applied for a job as an apprentice. In 1948, Rolf Brem stopped going to school entirely and worked full-time for Karl Geiser. The following ten years Rolf Brem worked in Karl Geiser's studio. He thoroughly learnt the craftsmanship and in the process he became an artist. Geiser showed and explained the clear forms of his sculptures to him. He taught him how to look at a face properly in order to be able to make a good portrait. Studios Rolf Brem was not always at Karl Geiser's studio in Zurich. From 1946 until 1952 Rolf Brem had his own first studio in Lucerne, in an old ramshackle house in Maihofstreet. The studio was very important for Rolf Brem. It was in his studio where Rolf Brem made his first portraits in his own style. In 1952 Rolf Brem was able to rent a new studio, a former brewery, in Zurichstreet in Lucerne. The new studio was larger than the previous one and had water and electricity. There was a flat roof which Rolf Brem used to make monumental delineation. Rolf Brem was able to make his own production beside Geiser's production. But the influence was still remarkable. Since 1957, Rolf Brem has had his studio in Meggen, near Lucerne. It is situated in the former orangery of the large St. Charles-Hall. The studio, located in the middle of a beautiful park, is rather large and constantly flooded by light. Rolf Brem has used this studio for more than fifty years. In 1972 Rolf Brem decided to have a second studio close to the Perseo Art foundry, in which he cast his sculptures. The studio is in Mendrisio, in the Italian part of Switzerland. His studio is located in an old farm in Morbio Superiore in Mendrisiotto. Hard Times Karl Geiser committed suicide in 1957. It was a hard time for Rolf Brem. He had worked for him until a few days before his death. Rolf Brem said that Geiser's death was even harder to bear than his parents’ death. After Karl Geiser's death, Rolf Brem's style started to change. His figures were less statical. They became more and more individual and agile. Art Portraits Over six decades, Rolf Brem has created about 400 portraits up to now. Some of them show celebrities like the flutist James Galway, the author Günther Grass, the business leader Rainer Gut, the financier Marc Rich and the inventor of the artificial hip joint Maurice E. Müller. Because good portraits require a certain level of acquaintance between the model and the artist, Rolf Brem has a good relationship with some of them today. Works Between 1965 and 1985 Rolf Brem produced several sculptures for churches and graveyards. He made a crucifix for the Church Meggen and created the whole interior decoration for the Saint Boniface church in Geneva and the church in Nebikon. Rolf Brem created the thaler for the 800-year anniversary of Lucerne. In 1975 he won the “Prix International de la Médaille” in Kraków. After his wife's death in 1982 he started to model goats. Rolf Brem was fascinated by their hard-bitten and intractable character. He studied their bone structure and drew sketches. Since then he has modelled goats while they are eating, sleeping or while they are scratching. Great Exhibition in Seville In February 1992 Rolf Brem received an invitation from Harald Szeemann, a curator. Harald Szeemann was preparing the “Suisse Pavilion” in Seville for the Great Exhibition and wanted to display portraits made by Rolf Brem. 136 portraits made by Rolf Brem were exhibited. All the portraits were displayed on a shelf. Creating his Portraits Rolf Brem rarely draws sketches before he starts to model. He finds it easier to work with plastic. Rolf Brem usually takes his inspiration from his everyday life. If he notices something, he tries to make a model from his mind. However, if he we wants to create a tall figure he needs a real model. Then he tries to shape the form out of clay, wax, cement or plasticine. It needs to be a flexible material so he can play with the volume. To make a head, Rolf Brem starts by building a frame out of wood to avoid that the clay can fall down. Firstly, he shapes a normal head without knowing before what the person looks like. Rolf Brem organises several meetings to work and spends about one hour at a time on the portrait. His concentration is just good for about an hour, afterwards it decreases rapidly. It usually takes four to six meetings until a portrait is finished. If Rolf Brem is close the final result, he makes a plaster cast to save his work. Afterwards it is easier to work bravely. Once he finishes forming the portrait and makes a plaster cast, he takes the plaster cast to Mendrisio to cast it into bronze. References External links Rolf Brems Homepage Schnyder, N (2009). "Rolf Brem – Life and Art", Matura Paper Kantonsschule Luzern Perseo Art Foundry 1926 births 2014 deaths Swiss sculptors Swiss artists

<mask> (12 February 1926 – 11 April 2014) was a Swiss sculptor, illustrator and graphic artist. He worked in Meggen close to Lake Lucerne. Biography Childhood <mask> grew up in a quarter in Lucerne where most people had conventional professions. There were butchers, bakers, metalworkers or carpenters. His father, <mask>, was a hairdresser. <mask>'s godfather and uncle, Johan, was an artist metalworker. When <mask> was only seven years old, he started to model his first sculptures.He made a portrait of Gessler out of clay. When the Second World War started, he made several portraits of General Guisan. Some were painted and some were made out of cement. <mask> was even able to make some money by selling them to his classmates. At that time he also made portraits of his parents and his friends. When <mask> attended secondary school he started to paint with oil colours. However, he continued making sculptures out of clay.He attended secondary school from 1939 until 1945. Brem left secondary school shortly before his final exams. Then he took pictures of his sculptures and went to the artist Hermann Haller. Haller advised Brem to undergo training for a skilled trade in order to have a constant salary. He believed that it would soon show if <mask> was talented or not. Apprenticeships <mask> decided to start an apprenticeship as a ceramist. After a few weeks, <mask> was not interested in his work anymore and so he decided to quit and to attend art school in 1945.During this time he was allowed to assist Hans von Matt, a local sculptor. After three years at art school, <mask> stopped attending because he wanted to work. <mask> had heard about a sculptor called Karl Geiser who was born in 1898. Karl Geiser was one of the most famous Swiss sculptors whose works of art were much in demand. <mask> wrote to Karl Geiser and applied for a job as an apprentice. In 1948, <mask> stopped going to school entirely and worked full-time for Karl Geiser. The following ten years <mask> worked in Karl Geiser's studio.He thoroughly learnt the craftsmanship and in the process he became an artist. Geiser showed and explained the clear forms of his sculptures to him. He taught him how to look at a face properly in order to be able to make a good portrait. Studios <mask> was not always at Karl Geiser's studio in Zurich. From 1946 until 1952 <mask> had his own first studio in Lucerne, in an old ramshackle house in Maihofstreet. The studio was very important for <mask>. It was in his studio where <mask> made his first portraits in his own style.In 1952 <mask> was able to rent a new studio, a former brewery, in Zurichstreet in Lucerne. The new studio was larger than the previous one and had water and electricity. There was a flat roof which <mask> used to make monumental delineation. <mask> was able to make his own production beside Geiser's production. But the influence was still remarkable. Since 1957, <mask> has had his studio in Meggen, near Lucerne. It is situated in the former orangery of the large St. Charles-Hall.The studio, located in the middle of a beautiful park, is rather large and constantly flooded by light. <mask> has used this studio for more than fifty years. In 1972 <mask> decided to have a second studio close to the Perseo Art foundry, in which he cast his sculptures. The studio is in Mendrisio, in the Italian part of Switzerland. His studio is located in an old farm in Morbio Superiore in Mendrisiotto. Hard Times Karl Geiser committed suicide in 1957. It was a hard time for <mask>.He had worked for him until a few days before his death. <mask> said that Geiser's death was even harder to bear than his parents’ death. After Karl Geiser's death, <mask>'s style started to change. His figures were less statical. They became more and more individual and agile. Art Portraits Over six decades, <mask> has created about 400 portraits up to now. Some of them show celebrities like the flutist James Galway, the author Günther Grass, the business leader Rainer Gut, the financier Marc Rich and the inventor of the artificial hip joint Maurice E. Müller.Because good portraits require a certain level of acquaintance between the model and the artist, <mask> has a good relationship with some of them today. Works Between 1965 and 1985 <mask> produced several sculptures for churches and graveyards. He made a crucifix for the Church Meggen and created the whole interior decoration for the Saint Boniface church in Geneva and the church in Nebikon. <mask> created the thaler for the 800-year anniversary of Lucerne. In 1975 he won the “Prix International de la Médaille” in Kraków. After his wife's death in 1982 he started to model goats. <mask> was fascinated by their hard-bitten and intractable character.He studied their bone structure and drew sketches. Since then he has modelled goats while they are eating, sleeping or while they are scratching. Great Exhibition in Seville In February 1992 <mask> received an invitation from Harald Szeemann, a curator. Harald Szeemann was preparing the “Suisse Pavilion” in Seville for the Great Exhibition and wanted to display portraits made by <mask>. 136 portraits made by <mask> were exhibited. All the portraits were displayed on a shelf. Creating his Portraits <mask> rarely draws sketches before he starts to model.He finds it easier to work with plastic. <mask> usually takes his inspiration from his everyday life. If he notices something, he tries to make a model from his mind. However, if he we wants to create a tall figure he needs a real model. Then he tries to shape the form out of clay, wax, cement or plasticine. It needs to be a flexible material so he can play with the volume. To make a head, <mask> starts by building a frame out of wood to avoid that the clay can fall down.Firstly, he shapes a normal head without knowing before what the person looks like. <mask> organises several meetings to work and spends about one hour at a time on the portrait. His concentration is just good for about an hour, afterwards it decreases rapidly. It usually takes four to six meetings until a portrait is finished. If <mask> is close the final result, he makes a plaster cast to save his work. Afterwards it is easier to work bravely. Once he finishes forming the portrait and makes a plaster cast, he takes the plaster cast to Mendrisio to cast it into bronze.References External links <mask>rems Homepage Schnyder, N (2009). "<mask>rem – Life and Art", Matura Paper Kantonsschule Luzern Perseo Art Foundry 1926 births 2014 deaths Swiss sculptors Swiss artists

<mask> was a Swiss sculptor, illustrator and graphic artist. He worked in Meggen. Most people in the quarter where <mask> grew up had conventional professions. The people were butchers, bakers, metalworkers or carpenters. His father was a hairdresser. The uncle of <mask> was an artist metalworker. <mask> began to model his first sculptures when he was seven years old.He used clay to make a portrait of Gessler. He made several portraits of General Guisan. Some were painted and some were made from cement. <mask> was able to make some money by selling them to his classmates. He made portraits of his parents and his friends. <mask> began to paint with oil colors when he was in secondary school. He continued to make sculptures out of clay.He was in secondary school from 1939 to 1945. Before his final exams, Brem left secondary school. He took pictures of his sculptures and went to see the artist. Brem was told by Haller to get training for a skilled trade in order to have a constant salary. He thought it would show if <mask> was talented or not. <mask> decided to start an apprenticeship as aceramist. After a few weeks, <mask> decided to quit his job and attend art school.He was allowed to work with Hans von Matt. <mask> stopped attending art school because he wanted to work. <mask> heard about a sculptor who was born in 1898. One of the most famous Swiss sculptors was Karl Geiser. <mask> applied for a job as an apprenticeship. <mask> worked full-time for Karl Geiser after he stopped going to school. <mask> worked in the studio for ten years.He became an artist as a result of learning the craftsmanship. He was shown the clear forms of his sculptures. In order to make a good portrait, he taught him how to look at a face properly. Studios <mask> was not always in the same place. <mask>'s first studio was in an old ramshackle house in Maihofstreet. The studio was important to <mask>. <mask> made his first portraits in his studio.<mask> was able to rent a new studio in 1952. Water and electricity were available in the new studio, which was larger than the previous one. <mask> used to make monumental delineation on the flat roof. <mask> was able to make his own production. The influence was still remarkable. <mask> has a studio in Meggen. It is located in the former orangery of St. Charles-Hall.The studio is located in the middle of a beautiful park and is constantly flooded by light. The studio has been used by <mask> for more than fifty years. <mask> had a second studio in which he cast his sculptures. The studio is in Italy. His studio is located in an old farm. Karl Geiser took his own life in 1957. It was difficult for <mask>.He worked for him for a few days before he died. <mask> said that Geiser's death was harder to bear than his parents' deaths. <mask>'s style began to change after Karl Geiser's death. His figures were not static. They became more and more individual. About 400 portraits have been created by <mask>. Some of them show celebrities like the flutist James Galway, the author Gnther Grass, the business leader Rainer Gut, and the inventor of the artificial hip joint Maurice E. Mller.<mask> has a good relationship with some of the people he has painted. <mask> made sculptures for churches and graveyards. He made a crucifix for the Church Meggen and created the whole interior decoration for the church in Nebikon. The 800-year anniversary of Lucerne was celebrated by <mask>. He won the "Prix International de la Médaille" in Krakw in 1975. He started to model goats after his wife's death. <mask> was fascinated by their character.He drew sketches after studying their bone structure. He has modeled goats while they are eating, sleeping or scratching. <mask> was invited to the great exhibition in Seville in 1992. <mask>'s portraits were to be displayed in the "Suisse Pavilion" in Seville for the Great Exhibition. There were 136 portraits made by <mask>. The portraits were on a shelf. <mask> doesn't draw sketches before he starts to model.He likes working with plastic. <mask> usually draws inspiration from his daily life. He tries to make a model when he notices something. He needs a real model to create a tall figure. He attempts to shape the form out of clay, wax, cement or plasticine. He can play with the volume if it's a flexible material. To make a head, <mask> starts by building a frame out of wood.He shapes a head without knowing what the person looks like. <mask> spends about an hour at a time on his portrait. His concentration is good for about an hour. It takes four to six meetings to finish a portrait. <mask> makes a plaster cast if he is close to the final result. It's easier to work bravely after that. He takes the plaster cast to Mendrisio to make the bronze.There are external links to Rolf Brems Homepage Schnyder. "Rolf Brem - Life and Art" was written by Matura Paper.

1186232

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan%20Smyl

Stan Smyl

Stanley Philip Smyl (born January 28, 1958) is a Canadian professional ice hockey executive and former player. As a junior, he appeared in three consecutive Memorial Cups with the New Westminster Bruins, winning the championship in 1977 and 1978. He was selected 40th overall by the Vancouver Canucks in the 1978 NHL Amateur Draft and went on to play his entire NHL career with the team until his retirement in 1991. Smyl was born in Glendon, Alberta, but grew up in nearby St. Paul, Alberta. Nicknamed "Steamer" by the Bellingham Blazer fans for his relentless and hard-nosed style of play, he served as captain for a team record eight seasons, later tied by Henrik Sedin. He retired as the Canucks' all-time leader in games played, goals, assists and points – all of which have been since surpassed by Trevor Linden and Markus Näslund. His assist record was also passed by Henrik Sedin. Smyl's number 12 was the first retired number in Canucks' history, as it was raised to the Pacific Coliseum rafters in 1991. It now hangs with Pavel Bure's number 10, Trevor Linden's number 16, Markus Näslund's number 19, Daniel Sedin's number 22, and Henrik Sedin's number 33 at Rogers Arena. The end of his playing career coincided with the beginning of a 13-year coaching career, serving as an assistant with the Canucks and a head coach with the club's minor league affiliates: the Syracuse Crunch, Kansas City Blades and Manitoba Moose. Upon being let go as coach of the Moose, he was reassigned to the Canucks' front office where he has served as director of player development and director of collegiate scouting, before being appointed role as senior advisor on hockey operations. In December 2021, Smyl briefly served as interim general manager of the Canucks after general manager Jim Benning was relieved of his duties. Playing career Junior career (1974–78) Smyl played Junior A with the Bellingham Blazers of the British Columbia Junior Hockey League (BCJHL) for one season in 1974–75. Notching 33 points in 25 playoff games, he led the Blazers to a Fred Page Cup title as league champions in a 4–2 win over the Kelowna Buckaroos. Advancing to a best-of-seven series with the Alberta Junior Hockey League (AJHL) champions for a berth in the 1975 Royal Bank Cup, the Blazers lost the Pacific regional title to the Spruce Grove Mets. Following his playoffs with the Blazers, Smyl debuted at the major junior level with the New Westminster Bruins of the Western Canada Hockey League (WCHL). He appeared in three playoff games, being a part of the Bruins franchise's first President's Cup as WCHL champions. Joining the Bruins full-time the following season, Smyl put up 74 points in 72 games as the Bruins captured their second consecutive WCHL title. Earning a berth in the 1976 Memorial Cup, they lost the Canadian major junior title to the Hamilton Fincups. In 1976–77, New Westminster repeated as President's Cup champions as Smyl posted 66 points in the regular season, then 13 points in 13 playoff games. Returning to the Memorial Cup, the Bruins won their first major junior title in franchise history. Playing in his third and final major junior season, Smyl recorded a WCJHL career high 76 points over 53 games. In the 1978 WCHL playoffs, he notched 35 points in 20 games, capturing his third consecutive President's Cup with the Bruins. At the 1978 Memorial Cup, Smyl was named the tournament MVP and received tournament All-Star Team honours with 14 points in five games. The Bruins became the first team to repeat as Memorial Cup champions in consecutive years as the Bruins won for the second straight year. Vancouver Canucks Draft to Stanley Cup run (1978–82) After a decorated season with the New Westminster Bruins, his final year of junior, Smyl was a third round, 40th overall selection in the 1978 NHL Amateur Draft by the Vancouver Canucks. Smyl entered the NHL with the Canucks the following season in 1978–79. Playing on a line with fellow rookies Thomas Gradin and Curt Fraser, he scored 14 goals and 38 points over 62 games in his first season. He also proved to be physical, earning 89 penalty minutes as well. As the Canucks qualified for the 1979 playoffs as the final seed, Smyl scored his first NHL post-season goal in game one of the preliminary round against the Philadelphia Flyers. Vancouver won the game 3–2, but went on to lose the best-of-three series in three games. Smyl also played three games for the Central Hockey League's Dallas Black Hawks during the campaign. Smyl became a point-per-game player in his second NHL season, leading the Canucks in scoring with 31 goals and 78 points over 77 games in 1979–80. In the second half of the season, he registered a team record point-scoring streak that lasted 12 games (five goals and 22 points) between February 7 and March 4, 1980. The streak broke Dennis Kearns' 11-game mark, set three years prior in March 1977. Shortly after the streak ended, he notched his first NHL career hat trick against the goaltender Pat Riggin during a game against the Atlanta Flames on March 7. Nearly a month later, he notched four assists in one game – a 5–0 win against the Edmonton Oilers on April 1, 1980. The following campaign, Smyl was involved in an on-ice incident during a game against the Pittsburgh Penguins on March 17, 1981. During the first period, opposing forward Gary Rissling speared him in the face. Joined by several teammates, Smyl began fighting Rissling. Consequently, Smyl and Rissling both received minor penalties for roughing and major penalties for fighting, while additionally being ejected from the game. A week later, Rissling received a four-game suspension from NHL executive vice president Brian O'Neill. Smyl was not injured on the play and appeared in all 80 games for the Canucks in 1980–81, notching 25 goals and 63 points. Early in the 1981–82 season, Smyl recorded a five-point game, notching a hat trick and two assists, in an 8–4 win against the Philadelphia Flyers on October 31, 1981. Late in the campaign, he was named team captain, succeeding defenceman Kevin McCarthy, who had broken his ankle during practice. He went on to complete the campaign with 34 goals and 78 points over 80 games. Despite finishing the regular season with a losing record, the Canucks embarked on a playoff run to the franchise's first Stanley Cup Finals in team history. In the fifth and deciding game of the semi-finals against the Chicago Black Hawks, Smyl notched two goals in a 6–2 win to capture the Clarence Campbell Trophy as conference champions, sending the Canucks to the Finals. Facing the New York Islanders, who had finished the regular season 41 points ahead of the Canucks and had won the Stanley Cup the previous two years, they were swept in four games. Smyl scored the Canucks' only goal in their 3–1 defeat in game four, tying the game at 1–1 in the first period on his own rebound before Mike Bossy scored twice to secure the Islanders' win. Smyl accumulated 19 points in 18 playoff games, second in team scoring to Thomas Gradin. Captaincy and retirement (1982–91) During the subsequent off-season, Canucks general manager Harry Neale appointed Smyl as McCarthy's permanent successor as team captain. The decision was influenced by the Canucks' run to the Finals under Smyl's captaincy. Neale commented, "We reached a tremendous high last spring under Stan as captain and we feel we want to continue that atmosphere." Consequently, McCarthy asked to be traded, but remained with the team for one-and-a-half seasons thereafter until he was dealt to the Pittsburgh Penguins in January 1984. In his first full season as captain, Smyl recorded career highs with 38 goals and 50 assists. In addition to leading the club in scoring for the second time in his career, his 88 points established a club record (it was broken by Patrik Sundström's 91 points the following season). Late in the campaign, he recorded the most prolific month by a Canucks player in team history with 31 points (10 goals and 21 assists) over 16 games in March 1983. During that span, he reeled off a 13-game point streak from February 27 to March 23 that included eight goals and 27 points. At 13 games, the streak surpassed the previous team record he set in 1980, but was quickly broken by teammate Darcy Rota six days later with a 14-game scoring streak of his own. Smyl, Rota and Gradin formed a high-scoring top line for Vancouver; all three teammates finished among the league's top 30 players in points. Entering the 1983 playoffs, the Canucks attempted to defend their Campbell Trophy of the previous season, but were defeated in four games of a best-of-five series against the Calgary Flames. Smyl helped the Canucks stave off elimination in game three, scoring the game winning goal with 57 seconds to go in regulation, but they were defeated the following game. The following season in 1983–84, Smyl's production dipped to 67 points. Vancouver met the Flames in the first round of the playoffs for the second consecutive year, losing in four games once more. Smyl and the Canucks would not qualify for the playoffs again for five years. He remained in the 60-point range in the 1984–85 and 1985–86 seasons. On February 27, 1985, Smyl scored his 187th career goal to pass Don Lever as the Canucks' all-time leading goal-scorer. Late in the 1985–86 season, Smyl suffered torn knee ligaments due to a blindsiding check from opposing forward Alain Côté during the final minute of a 7–6 win against the Quebec Nordiques on March 26, 1987. He was sidelined for the remainder of the campaign. In the off-season, Smyl was re-signed by the Canucks to a multi-year contract in July 1986. The following season, the Canucks met the Nordiques in a game on October 13, 1986. Smyl fought Côté during the game, but he was consequently sidelined by re-injuring his knee. Upon returning to the lineup, Smyl was involved in an altercation with Montreal Canadiens forward Stéphane Richer that led to a bench-clearing brawl during a game on November 2. After spearing Richer late in the third period, Canadiens forward Claude Lemieux then sucker-punched Smyl in the head on his way to the bench. A total of 139 penalty minutes were assessed to both teams and the Canadiens went on to win the game 5–3. Later in the season, Smyl became the Canucks' all-time leader in regular season games played with 648, passing Harold Snepsts in a game against the Philadelphia Flyers on November 5, 1985. The following month, Smyl became the Canucks all-time points leader on December 14, 1986. Notching his sixth career hat trick against the Chicago Blackhawks, he recorded his 551st career point to pass Thomas Gradin's all-time leading mark of 550. A little over a month later, Smyl was awarded the first and only penalty shot of his NHL career during a game against the Calgary Flames on January 16, 1987. Facing goaltender Mike Vernon, he scored to help the Canucks win 9–5. There was speculation at the trade deadline in March 1987 that Smyl would be traded to a playoff contender, as the Canucks were in the midst of another losing season. Smyl responded by asserting that Vancouver was his home and he had no desire to be dealt away. He finished the campaign with 20 goals and 43 points over 66 games in an injury-shortened season. It marked the lowest points total of his career and the start of a decrease in production in the remaining four seasons before his retirement. After recording eight consecutive 20-plus goal seasons, Smyl's production dipped to 12 goals and 37 points over 57 games in 1987–88. Injured during the season, Smyl was temporarily replaced by defenceman Daryl Stanley as team captain in his absence. The following year, Smyl appeared in his last playoffs with the Canucks, as well as his first in five years. The Canucks took the President's Trophy winner Calgary Flames to seven games in the first round, but lost the deciding game in overtime. Smyl had an opportunity to win the series for Vancouver on a breakaway in overtime, but was stopped by a Mike Vernon glove save. Smyl was held without a point in the series. In 1989–90, Smyl played his last season as team captain and recorded 16 points in 47 games. He was often a healthy scratch (non-dressing player) and did not score his first goal of the season until the final game on March 31, 1990, a 6–3 win against the Los Angeles Kings (he had not previously scored since April 2, 1989 – the final game of the previous season). At the start of the next season, Smyl resigned his captaincy and it was split throughout the season between Dan Quinn, Doug Lidster and Trevor Linden (the captaincy would be retained by Linden). Smyl had held the position for eight years, the longest tenure among Canucks captains all-time. He scored his last NHL goal on December 5, 1990, against the New Jersey Devils. He played his last game on March 16, 1991, against the New York Islanders. After managing 14 points in 45 games, Smyl retired at the end of the 1990–91 season. Legacy and honours Smyl retired with Canucks franchise records in every major statistical category with 262 goals, 411 assists and 673 points in 896 games played. He became the first Canucks player to have his jersey number retired as his #12 was raised to the rafters at the Pacific Coliseum on November 3, 1991. In 2000, he was inducted into the British Columbia Hockey Hall of Fame. Smyl's all-time team records stood for more than a decade until Trevor Linden (who was part of the Canucks tri-captaincy after Smyl resigned the captaincy) overtook them, beginning with his goals mark in 2002–03. The following season in 2003–04, Linden played in his 897th game and recorded his 674th point as a Canuck to surpass Smyl on both marks. Smyl's last major mark of assists was passed by Linden on November 8, 2007 and then surpassed by Henrik Sedin in the 2009-10 season. Later Canucks captain Markus Näslund would, in turn, surpass Linden's marks in goals and points, but not games. Smyl was later present as Linden's retirement ceremony as he joined Smyl as the only two players to have their jersey numbers retired by the Canucks. Näslund joined them in that honour during the 2010–11 season. At the 2010 Winter Olympics, held in Vancouver, Smyl was named the official ambassador for Molson Canadian Hockey House – a pavilion for hockey fans and players that was temporarily raised in Downtown Vancouver. He also ran a leg with the Olympic torch on the last day of the relay on February 12, 2010. International play During his final year of junior, Smyl was selected to the Canadian national junior team for the 1978 World Junior Championships, held in Québec, Canada. Playing as the host nation, Canada earned the bronze medal, having finished third in round-robin play. Smyl notched a goal and an assist over six games. Smyl got his first and only opportunity to represent Canada's men's team in 1985. After the Canucks became the first team eliminated from contention for the 1985 Stanley Cup playoffs, Hockey Canada selected Smyl and four other Canucks – Doug Halward, Doug Lidster, Tony Tanti and Cam Neely – to the national team for the 1985 World Championships in Prague, Czechoslovakia. Facing the Soviet Union in the second game of the final round, Smyl scored the game winner, his only goal of the tournament, for Canada in a 3–1 victory. The win placed Canada in contention for their first gold medal at the World Championships in 24 years. However, they lost the gold medal to Czechoslovakia in a 5–3 loss. Smyl contributed two points in 10 games while playing on a line with Brian MacLellan and Bernie Nicholls. Playing style Smyl was relatively small for an NHL player at 5 feet and 8 inches. He was known for his two-way play, being responsible on defence, while also producing offensively. He compensated for his size with toughness and relentless checking that made him a fan favourite and earned him the nickname "Steamer". Smyl was also a strong leader, serving as captain for the Canucks for eight seasons. Coaching and front office career Assistant with Vancouver When Smyl announced his retirement on July 3, 1991, he was concurrently named a Canucks assistant coach, along with Rick Ley, to Pat Quinn. He was honoured for his playing career, spent entirely with the Canucks, during a pre-game ceremony on November 3. In his third year behind the bench, Smyl was involved in his second Stanley Cup Finals with the Canucks in 1994. Vancouver went to seven games with the New York Rangers, losing 3–2 in the deciding game. Smyl helped coach opposite Rangers assistant coach Colin Campbell, who was also a part of the Canucks' 1982 Cup run as a player. Between 1994 and 1999, the Canucks' head coaching position changed five times. Ley overtook head coaching duties from 1994 to 1996 as Quinn returned to his executive positions as president and general manager. After Ley was fired late in the 1995–96 season, Quinn served as the Canucks' interim head coach until Tom Renney was hired for the beginning of the 1996–97 season. In turn, Renney was fired after one-and-a-half seasons and replaced by Mike Keenan. Throughout the changes, Smyl remained in his position as assistant under all four head coaches. Minor league head coach In June 1999, Smyl was named head coach of the Canucks' American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, the Syracuse Crunch. He became the second coach in Crunch history, replacing Jack McIlhargey, who had served for five seasons. He coached the Crunch to a .500 season in his debut behind the bench. In the 2000 off-season, the Canucks signed a two-year affiliation agreement with the Kansas City Blades of the International Hockey League (IHL). Smyl was reassigned to Kansas City, replacing their previous coach Paul MacLean. When the IHL folded following Smyl's first season with the Blades, he was moved back to the AHL, named coach of the Manitoba Moose on June 28, 2001. He coached them to the second round in 2002–03. On March 2, 2004, he notched his 100th win as head coach of the Moose in a 3–0 win over the Milwaukee Admirals. However, as the Moose missed the playoffs for the first time in seven years in 2004, Smyl was dismissed as head coach on June 7, 2004, and reassigned within the Canucks organization. He was replaced by Washington Capitals assistant coach Randy Carlyle. Some Moose players later commented that Carlyle exhibited a stronger presence and was more demanding in comparison to Smyl. Canucks front office Let go as Moose head coach, Smyl was named the Canucks' Director of Player Development in the 2004 off-season. Much of his time was spent overseeing the play of prospects within the Canucks' farm system – for example those playing with the Manitoba Moose of the AHL and Victoria Salmon Kings of the ECHL. He served in that capacity for four years until Mike Gillis took over as Canucks general manager from Dave Nonis after the 2007–08 season. Gillis expanded the Canucks' player development and scouting departments and assigned Smyl the newly created position as Director of Collegiate Scouting. Former NHL player Dave Gagner assumed Smyl's former Director of Player Development role. After one season in that role, Smyl was re-positioned, to his current role as Senior Advisor to Gillis before the 2008–09 season on September 11, 2008. In his duties as Advisor he still partially oversees collegiate scouting. On December 5–9, 2021, Smyl briefly served as interim general manager of the Canucks after the firing of Jim Benning. Personal life Smyl left home at 13 years old to pursue his hockey career in British Columbia. His wife is Jennifer Smyl. Career statistics Regular season and playoffs International Awards Junior Vancouver Canucks References External links 1958 births Living people Bellingham Blazers players Canadian ice hockey forwards Canadian people of Ukrainian descent Dallas Black Hawks players Ice hockey people from Alberta Manitoba Moose coaches National Hockey League players with retired numbers New Westminster Bruins players People from the County of St. Paul No. 19 Vancouver Canucks captains Vancouver Canucks coaches Vancouver Canucks draft picks Vancouver Canucks executives Vancouver Canucks players Canadian ice hockey coaches

<mask> (born January 28, 1958) is a Canadian professional ice hockey executive and former player. As a junior, he appeared in three consecutive Memorial Cups with the New Westminster Bruins, winning the championship in 1977 and 1978. He was selected 40th overall by the Vancouver Canucks in the 1978 NHL Amateur Draft and went on to play his entire NHL career with the team until his retirement in 1991. <mask> was born in Glendon, Alberta, but grew up in nearby St. Paul, Alberta. Nicknamed "Steamer" by the Bellingham Blazer fans for his relentless and hard-nosed style of play, he served as captain for a team record eight seasons, later tied by Henrik Sedin. He retired as the Canucks' all-time leader in games played, goals, assists and points – all of which have been since surpassed by Trevor Linden and Markus Näslund. His assist record was also passed by Henrik Sedin.<mask>'s number 12 was the first retired number in Canucks' history, as it was raised to the Pacific Coliseum rafters in 1991. It now hangs with Pavel Bure's number 10, Trevor Linden's number 16, Markus Näslund's number 19, Daniel Sedin's number 22, and Henrik Sedin's number 33 at Rogers Arena. The end of his playing career coincided with the beginning of a 13-year coaching career, serving as an assistant with the Canucks and a head coach with the club's minor league affiliates: the Syracuse Crunch, Kansas City Blades and Manitoba Moose. Upon being let go as coach of the Moose, he was reassigned to the Canucks' front office where he has served as director of player development and director of collegiate scouting, before being appointed role as senior advisor on hockey operations. In December 2021, <mask> briefly served as interim general manager of the Canucks after general manager Jim Benning was relieved of his duties. Playing career Junior career (1974–78) Smyl played Junior A with the Bellingham Blazers of the British Columbia Junior Hockey League (BCJHL) for one season in 1974–75. Notching 33 points in 25 playoff games, he led the Blazers to a Fred Page Cup title as league champions in a 4–2 win over the Kelowna Buckaroos.Advancing to a best-of-seven series with the Alberta Junior Hockey League (AJHL) champions for a berth in the 1975 Royal Bank Cup, the Blazers lost the Pacific regional title to the Spruce Grove Mets. Following his playoffs with the Blazers, Smyl debuted at the major junior level with the New Westminster Bruins of the Western Canada Hockey League (WCHL). He appeared in three playoff games, being a part of the Bruins franchise's first President's Cup as WCHL champions. Joining the Bruins full-time the following season, Smyl put up 74 points in 72 games as the Bruins captured their second consecutive WCHL title. Earning a berth in the 1976 Memorial Cup, they lost the Canadian major junior title to the Hamilton Fincups. In 1976–77, New Westminster repeated as President's Cup champions as Smyl posted 66 points in the regular season, then 13 points in 13 playoff games. Returning to the Memorial Cup, the Bruins won their first major junior title in franchise history.Playing in his third and final major junior season, <mask> recorded a WCJHL career high 76 points over 53 games. In the 1978 WCHL playoffs, he notched 35 points in 20 games, capturing his third consecutive President's Cup with the Bruins. At the 1978 Memorial Cup, <mask> was named the tournament MVP and received tournament All-Star Team honours with 14 points in five games. The Bruins became the first team to repeat as Memorial Cup champions in consecutive years as the Bruins won for the second straight year. Vancouver Canucks Draft to Stanley Cup run (1978–82) After a decorated season with the New Westminster Bruins, his final year of junior, Smyl was a third round, 40th overall selection in the 1978 NHL Amateur Draft by the Vancouver Canucks. <mask> entered the NHL with the Canucks the following season in 1978–79. Playing on a line with fellow rookies Thomas Gradin and Curt Fraser, he scored 14 goals and 38 points over 62 games in his first season.He also proved to be physical, earning 89 penalty minutes as well. As the Canucks qualified for the 1979 playoffs as the final seed, Smyl scored his first NHL post-season goal in game one of the preliminary round against the Philadelphia Flyers. Vancouver won the game 3–2, but went on to lose the best-of-three series in three games. Smyl also played three games for the Central Hockey League's Dallas Black Hawks during the campaign. Smyl became a point-per-game player in his second NHL season, leading the Canucks in scoring with 31 goals and 78 points over 77 games in 1979–80. In the second half of the season, he registered a team record point-scoring streak that lasted 12 games (five goals and 22 points) between February 7 and March 4, 1980. The streak broke Dennis Kearns' 11-game mark, set three years prior in March 1977.Shortly after the streak ended, he notched his first NHL career hat trick against the goaltender Pat Riggin during a game against the Atlanta Flames on March 7. Nearly a month later, he notched four assists in one game – a 5–0 win against the Edmonton Oilers on April 1, 1980. The following campaign, <mask> was involved in an on-ice incident during a game against the Pittsburgh Penguins on March 17, 1981. During the first period, opposing forward Gary Rissling speared him in the face. Joined by several teammates, Smyl began fighting Rissling. Consequently, <mask> and Rissling both received minor penalties for roughing and major penalties for fighting, while additionally being ejected from the game. A week later, Rissling received a four-game suspension from NHL executive vice president Brian O'Neill.<mask> was not injured on the play and appeared in all 80 games for the Canucks in 1980–81, notching 25 goals and 63 points. Early in the 1981–82 season, <mask> recorded a five-point game, notching a hat trick and two assists, in an 8–4 win against the Philadelphia Flyers on October 31, 1981. Late in the campaign, he was named team captain, succeeding defenceman Kevin McCarthy, who had broken his ankle during practice. He went on to complete the campaign with 34 goals and 78 points over 80 games. Despite finishing the regular season with a losing record, the Canucks embarked on a playoff run to the franchise's first Stanley Cup Finals in team history. In the fifth and deciding game of the semi-finals against the Chicago Black Hawks, Smyl notched two goals in a 6–2 win to capture the Clarence Campbell Trophy as conference champions, sending the Canucks to the Finals. Facing the New York Islanders, who had finished the regular season 41 points ahead of the Canucks and had won the Stanley Cup the previous two years, they were swept in four games.<mask> scored the Canucks' only goal in their 3–1 defeat in game four, tying the game at 1–1 in the first period on his own rebound before Mike Bossy scored twice to secure the Islanders' win. <mask> accumulated 19 points in 18 playoff games, second in team scoring to Thomas Gradin. Captaincy and retirement (1982–91) During the subsequent off-season, Canucks general manager Harry Neale appointed <mask> as McCarthy's permanent successor as team captain. The decision was influenced by the Canucks' run to the Finals under <mask>'s captaincy. Neale commented, "We reached a tremendous high last spring under <mask> as captain and we feel we want to continue that atmosphere." Consequently, McCarthy asked to be traded, but remained with the team for one-and-a-half seasons thereafter until he was dealt to the Pittsburgh Penguins in January 1984. In his first full season as captain, Smyl recorded career highs with 38 goals and 50 assists.In addition to leading the club in scoring for the second time in his career, his 88 points established a club record (it was broken by Patrik Sundström's 91 points the following season). Late in the campaign, he recorded the most prolific month by a Canucks player in team history with 31 points (10 goals and 21 assists) over 16 games in March 1983. During that span, he reeled off a 13-game point streak from February 27 to March 23 that included eight goals and 27 points. At 13 games, the streak surpassed the previous team record he set in 1980, but was quickly broken by teammate Darcy Rota six days later with a 14-game scoring streak of his own. Smyl, Rota and Gradin formed a high-scoring top line for Vancouver; all three teammates finished among the league's top 30 players in points. Entering the 1983 playoffs, the Canucks attempted to defend their Campbell Trophy of the previous season, but were defeated in four games of a best-of-five series against the Calgary Flames. Smyl helped the Canucks stave off elimination in game three, scoring the game winning goal with 57 seconds to go in regulation, but they were defeated the following game.The following season in 1983–84, <mask>'s production dipped to 67 points. Vancouver met the Flames in the first round of the playoffs for the second consecutive year, losing in four games once more. <mask> and the Canucks would not qualify for the playoffs again for five years. He remained in the 60-point range in the 1984–85 and 1985–86 seasons. On February 27, 1985, <mask> scored his 187th career goal to pass Don Lever as the Canucks' all-time leading goal-scorer. Late in the 1985–86 season, Smyl suffered torn knee ligaments due to a blindsiding check from opposing forward Alain Côté during the final minute of a 7–6 win against the Quebec Nordiques on March 26, 1987. He was sidelined for the remainder of the campaign.In the off-season, <mask> was re-signed by the Canucks to a multi-year contract in July 1986. The following season, the Canucks met the Nordiques in a game on October 13, 1986. Smyl fought Côté during the game, but he was consequently sidelined by re-injuring his knee. Upon returning to the lineup, Smyl was involved in an altercation with Montreal Canadiens forward Stéphane Richer that led to a bench-clearing brawl during a game on November 2. After spearing Richer late in the third period, Canadiens forward Claude Lemieux then sucker-punched <mask> in the head on his way to the bench. A total of 139 penalty minutes were assessed to both teams and the Canadiens went on to win the game 5–3. Later in the season, <mask> became the Canucks' all-time leader in regular season games played with 648, passing Harold Snepsts in a game against the Philadelphia Flyers on November 5, 1985.The following month, <mask> became the Canucks all-time points leader on December 14, 1986. Notching his sixth career hat trick against the Chicago Blackhawks, he recorded his 551st career point to pass Thomas Gradin's all-time leading mark of 550. A little over a month later, <mask> was awarded the first and only penalty shot of his NHL career during a game against the Calgary Flames on January 16, 1987. Facing goaltender Mike Vernon, he scored to help the Canucks win 9–5. There was speculation at the trade deadline in March 1987 that Smyl would be traded to a playoff contender, as the Canucks were in the midst of another losing season. Smyl responded by asserting that Vancouver was his home and he had no desire to be dealt away. He finished the campaign with 20 goals and 43 points over 66 games in an injury-shortened season.It marked the lowest points total of his career and the start of a decrease in production in the remaining four seasons before his retirement. After recording eight consecutive 20-plus goal seasons, Smyl's production dipped to 12 goals and 37 points over 57 games in 1987–88. Injured during the season, <mask> was temporarily replaced by defenceman <mask> as team captain in his absence. The following year, Smyl appeared in his last playoffs with the Canucks, as well as his first in five years. The Canucks took the President's Trophy winner Calgary Flames to seven games in the first round, but lost the deciding game in overtime. Smyl had an opportunity to win the series for Vancouver on a breakaway in overtime, but was stopped by a Mike Vernon glove save. Smyl was held without a point in the series.In 1989–90, <mask> played his last season as team captain and recorded 16 points in 47 games. He was often a healthy scratch (non-dressing player) and did not score his first goal of the season until the final game on March 31, 1990, a 6–3 win against the Los Angeles Kings (he had not previously scored since April 2, 1989 – the final game of the previous season). At the start of the next season, <mask> resigned his captaincy and it was split throughout the season between Dan Quinn, Doug Lidster and Trevor Linden (the captaincy would be retained by Linden). <mask> had held the position for eight years, the longest tenure among Canucks captains all-time. He scored his last NHL goal on December 5, 1990, against the New Jersey Devils. He played his last game on March 16, 1991, against the New York Islanders. After managing 14 points in 45 games, Smyl retired at the end of the 1990–91 season.Legacy and honours <mask> retired with Canucks franchise records in every major statistical category with 262 goals, 411 assists and 673 points in 896 games played. He became the first Canucks player to have his jersey number retired as his #12 was raised to the rafters at the Pacific Coliseum on November 3, 1991. In 2000, he was inducted into the British Columbia Hockey Hall of Fame. Smyl's all-time team records stood for more than a decade until Trevor Linden (who was part of the Canucks tri-captaincy after Smyl resigned the captaincy) overtook them, beginning with his goals mark in 2002–03. The following season in 2003–04, Linden played in his 897th game and recorded his 674th point as a Canuck to surpass Smyl on both marks. Smyl's last major mark of assists was passed by Linden on November 8, 2007 and then surpassed by Henrik Sedin in the 2009-10 season. Later Canucks captain Markus Näslund would, in turn, surpass Linden's marks in goals and points, but not games.<mask> was later present as Linden's retirement ceremony as he joined Smyl as the only two players to have their jersey numbers retired by the Canucks. Näslund joined them in that honour during the 2010–11 season. At the 2010 Winter Olympics, held in Vancouver, <mask> was named the official ambassador for Molson Canadian Hockey House – a pavilion for hockey fans and players that was temporarily raised in Downtown Vancouver. He also ran a leg with the Olympic torch on the last day of the relay on February 12, 2010. International play During his final year of junior, <mask> was selected to the Canadian national junior team for the 1978 World Junior Championships, held in Québec, Canada. Playing as the host nation, Canada earned the bronze medal, having finished third in round-robin play. Smyl notched a goal and an assist over six games. <mask> got his first and only opportunity to represent Canada's men's team in 1985.After the Canucks became the first team eliminated from contention for the 1985 Stanley Cup playoffs, Hockey Canada selected Smyl and four other Canucks – Doug Halward, Doug Lidster, Tony Tanti and Cam Neely – to the national team for the 1985 World Championships in Prague, Czechoslovakia. Facing the Soviet Union in the second game of the final round, Smyl scored the game winner, his only goal of the tournament, for Canada in a 3–1 victory. The win placed Canada in contention for their first gold medal at the World Championships in 24 years. However, they lost the gold medal to Czechoslovakia in a 5–3 loss. Smyl contributed two points in 10 games while playing on a line with Brian MacLellan and Bernie Nicholls. Playing style Smyl was relatively small for an NHL player at 5 feet and 8 inches. He was known for his two-way play, being responsible on defence, while also producing offensively.He compensated for his size with toughness and relentless checking that made him a fan favourite and earned him the nickname "Steamer". Smyl was also a strong leader, serving as captain for the Canucks for eight seasons. Coaching and front office career Assistant with Vancouver When <mask> announced his retirement on July 3, 1991, he was concurrently named a Canucks assistant coach, along with Rick Ley, to Pat Quinn. He was honoured for his playing career, spent entirely with the Canucks, during a pre-game ceremony on November 3. In his third year behind the bench, Smyl was involved in his second Stanley Cup Finals with the Canucks in 1994. Vancouver went to seven games with the New York Rangers, losing 3–2 in the deciding game. Smyl helped coach opposite Rangers assistant coach Colin Campbell, who was also a part of the Canucks' 1982 Cup run as a player.Between 1994 and 1999, the Canucks' head coaching position changed five times. Ley overtook head coaching duties from 1994 to 1996 as Quinn returned to his executive positions as president and general manager. After Ley was fired late in the 1995–96 season, Quinn served as the Canucks' interim head coach until Tom Renney was hired for the beginning of the 1996–97 season. In turn, Renney was fired after one-and-a-half seasons and replaced by Mike Keenan. Throughout the changes, <mask> remained in his position as assistant under all four head coaches. Minor league head coach In June 1999, <mask> was named head coach of the Canucks' American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, the Syracuse Crunch. He became the second coach in Crunch history, replacing Jack McIlhargey, who had served for five seasons.He coached the Crunch to a .500 season in his debut behind the bench. In the 2000 off-season, the Canucks signed a two-year affiliation agreement with the Kansas City Blades of the International Hockey League (IHL). <mask> was reassigned to Kansas City, replacing their previous coach Paul MacLean. When the IHL folded following <mask>'s first season with the Blades, he was moved back to the AHL, named coach of the Manitoba Moose on June 28, 2001. He coached them to the second round in 2002–03. On March 2, 2004, he notched his 100th win as head coach of the Moose in a 3–0 win over the Milwaukee Admirals. However, as the Moose missed the playoffs for the first time in seven years in 2004, <mask> was dismissed as head coach on June 7, 2004, and reassigned within the Canucks organization.He was replaced by Washington Capitals assistant coach Randy Carlyle. Some Moose players later commented that Carlyle exhibited a stronger presence and was more demanding in comparison to Smyl. Canucks front office Let go as Moose head coach, <mask> was named the Canucks' Director of Player Development in the 2004 off-season. Much of his time was spent overseeing the play of prospects within the Canucks' farm system – for example those playing with the Manitoba Moose of the AHL and Victoria Salmon Kings of the ECHL. He served in that capacity for four years until Mike Gillis took over as Canucks general manager from Dave Nonis after the 2007–08 season. Gillis expanded the Canucks' player development and scouting departments and assigned <mask> the newly created position as Director of Collegiate Scouting. Former NHL player Dave Gagner assumed Smyl's former Director of Player Development role.After one season in that role, <mask> was re-positioned, to his current role as Senior Advisor to Gillis before the 2008–09 season on September 11, 2008. In his duties as Advisor he still partially oversees collegiate scouting. On December 5–9, 2021, <mask> briefly served as interim general manager of the Canucks after the firing of Jim Benning. Personal life <mask> left home at 13 years old to pursue his hockey career in British Columbia. His wife is <mask>. Career statistics Regular season and playoffs International Awards Junior Vancouver Canucks References External links 1958 births Living people Bellingham Blazers players Canadian ice hockey forwards Canadian people of Ukrainian descent Dallas Black Hawks players Ice hockey people from Alberta Manitoba Moose coaches National Hockey League players with retired numbers New Westminster Bruins players People from the County of St. Paul No. 19 Vancouver Canucks captains Vancouver Canucks coaches Vancouver Canucks draft picks Vancouver Canucks executives Vancouver Canucks players Canadian ice hockey coaches

<mask> was born on January 28, 1958. He won the Memorial Cup in 1977 and 1978 with the New Westminster Bruins. He played his entire NHL career with the team after being selected 40th in the 1978 NHL amateur draft. <mask> was born in Glendon, but grew up in St. Paul. He served as captain for a team record eight seasons and was nicknamed "Steamer" by the fans for his relentless and hard-nosed style of play. He retired as the Canuck's all-time leader in games played, goals, assists and points, but has since been replaced by two other players. His assist record was passed by another person.<mask>'s number 12 was raised to the rafters of the Pacific Coliseum in 1991. It hangs with the numbers 10, 16, 19, 22, and 33 at Rogers Arena. After his playing career ended, he began his coaching career, serving as an assistant with the Canuck and head coach with the club's minor league affiliates. He served as director of player development and director of collegiate scouting before being promoted to senior advisor on hockey operations after being let go from the Moose. <mask> was the interim general manager of theCanucks in December of 2021. Smyl played in the British Columbia Junior Hockey League for one season in 1974–75. In the playoffs, he had 33 points in 25 games, including a 4–2 win over the Buckaroos in the Fred Page Cup.The Pacific regional title was lost to the Mets, who went on to win the Royal Bank Cup. <mask> made his major junior debut with the New Westminster Bruins of the Western Canada Hockey League. He was a part of the Bruins team that won the first President's Cup. <mask> put up 74 points in 72 games as the Bruins captured their second consecutive WCHL title. They lost the Canadian major junior title to Hamilton in the Memorial Cup. <mask> scored 66 points in the regular season and 13 points in 13 playoff games to win the President's Cup for the second year in a row. The Bruins won their first major junior title at the Memorial Cup.<mask> had a career high 76 points over 53 games in his final major junior season. He won his third President's Cup with the Bruins in 1978 after scoring 35 points in 20 games. <mask> received tournament All-Star Team honours with 14 points in five games at the 1978 Memorial Cup. The Bruins won the Memorial Cup for the second year in a row. <mask> was selected in the third round of the 1978 NHL amateur draft by the Canucks, who went on to win the Stanley Cup. <mask> joined the NHL with the Canuck in 1978. He scored 14 goals and 38 points in his first season, playing on a line with two other rookies.He earned 89 penalty minutes for being physical. <mask> scored his first NHL post-season goal in game one of the preliminary round against Philadelphia. The best-of-three series was lost by the Canadians in three games. Smyl played three games for the Dallas Black Hawks. In his second NHL season, <mask> became a point-per-game player, scoring 31 goals and 78 points in 77 games. Between February 7 and March 4, 1980, he set a team record with five goals and 22 points. Dennis Kearns' 11-game mark was set three years prior to the streak.He scored his first NHL career hat trick against the Atlanta Flames on March 7. He had four assists in a 5–0 win against the Eskimos on April 1, 1980. <mask> was involved in an on-ice incident during a game against the Pittsburgh Penguins. Gary Rissling speared him in the face during the first period. Smyl began fighting Rissling. <mask> and Rissling were both ejected from the game for roughing and fighting. Rissling received a four-game suspension from the NHL.<mask> was not injured on the play and appeared in all 80 games for theCanucks, notching 25 goals and 63 points. Smyl had a hat trick and two assists in an 8–4 win against Philadelphia on October 31, 1981. He was named team captain late in the campaign after Kevin McCarthy broke his ankle. He finished the campaign with 34 goals and 78 points. Despite finishing the regular season with a losing record, the team went on to win the Stanley Cup. Smyl scored two goals in a 6–2 win over the Chicago Black Hawks in the fifth and deciding game to win the Clarence Campbell Trophy as conference champion. They were swept in four games by the New York Islanders, who had won the Stanley Cup the previous two years.<mask> scored the only goal for the Canuck in their 3–1 loss to the Islanders in game four, tying the game at 1–1 in the first period on his own rebound. <mask> was second in team scoring with 19 points. <mask> was appointed as the permanent successor to McCarthy as team captain during the off-season. The decision was influenced by <mask>'s captaincy. "We reached a tremendous high last spring under <mask> as captain and we feel we want to continue that atmosphere." McCarthy remained with the team for one-and-a-half seasons after requesting to be traded, but was dealt to the Pittsburgh Penguins in January 1984. Smyl had career highs in goals and assists in his first full season as captain.His 88 points established a club record and 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 In March 1983, he had the most points by a Canuck player in a single month with 31 points (10 goals and 21 assists) in 16 games. He had a 13-game point streak from February 27 to March 23 that included eight goals and 27 points. At 13 games, the streak surpassed the previous team record he set in 1980, but was quickly broken by his teammate, who had a 14-game scoring streak of his own. The top line of Smyl, Rota and Gradin finished in the league's top 30 players in points. In the 1983 playoffs, the Canuck attempted to defend their Campbell trophy, but were defeated in four games by the Flames. Smyl scored the game winning goal with 57 seconds to go in regulation, but they were defeated in the next game.<mask>'s production dropped to 67 points in the next season. For the second year in a row, the Flames defeated the Canuck in the first round of the playoffs. They wouldn't qualify for the playoffs again for five years. He averaged 60 points in the 1984–85 and 1985–86 seasons. On February 27, 1985, <mask> scored his 187th career goal to become the Canuck's all-time leading goal scorer. Smyl tore his knee ligaments in the final minute of a 7–6 win against the Quebec Nordiques on March 26, 1987. He was out for the rest of the campaign.<mask> was re-signed by theCanucks to a multi-year contract in July 1986. The two teams met in a game on October 13, 1986. Smyl re-injured his knee after fighting Cté. Smyl was involved in an altercation with Stéphane Richer that led to a bench-clearing brawl during a game on November 2. Claude Lemieux sucker-punched Smyl in the head after spearing Richer in the third period. The Habs won the game 5–3 after both teams were 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Smyl became the Canuck's all-time leader in regular season games played in a game against Philadelphia on November 5, 1985.On December 14, 1986, <mask> became the all-time points leader. He passed Thomas Gradin's all-time leading mark of 550 career points with his sixth career hat trick. On January 16, 1987, <mask> was awarded the first and only penalty shot of his NHL career during a game against the Flames. He scored to help the Canuck win. <mask> was rumored to be traded to a playoff contender at the March 1987 trade deadline, as the Canucks were in the midst of another losing season. Smyl said he had no desire to be dealt away. He finished the season with 20 goals and 43 points in 66 games.It was the lowest points total of his career and the beginning of a decrease in production before his retirement. Smyl was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Smyl was injured and replaced by <mask> as team captain. Smyl appeared in the last playoffs of his career, as well as his first in five years. The Flames won the President's Trophy but lost the deciding game in overtime in the first round. Smyl had a chance to win the series in overtime, but Mike Vernon stopped him. Smyl was held without a point.<mask> played his last season as team captain and recorded 16 points in 47 games. He did not score his first goal of the season until the final game of the season, a 6–3 win against the Los Angeles Kings. At the start of the next season, <mask> resigned his captaincy and the captaincy was split between three different players. <mask> had held the position for eight years. He scored his last goal in the NHL on December 5, 1990. The last game he played was against the New York Islanders. <mask> retired at the end of the 1990–91) season after managing 14 points in 45 games.<mask> retired with franchise records in every major statistical category, with 262 goals, 411 assists and 673 points. He was the first player to have his jersey number retired when it was raised to the rafters at the Pacific Coliseum in 1991. He was a member of the British Columbia Hockey Hall of Fame. Smyl's all-time team records stood for more than a decade until they were overtaken by a teammate. In the 2003– 2004 season, Linden played in his 897th game and recorded his 674th point as a Canuck to surpass Smyl on both marks. On November 8, 2007, Smyl's last major assist, was passed byLinden, and then byHenrik in the 2009-10 season. Linden's marks in goals and points, but not games, would be surpassed later by the captain of the Canuck team.<mask> was one of the two players to have their jersey numbers retired by the Canuck. During the 2010–11 season, Ns Lund joined them. <mask> was named the official ambassador for the Canadian Hockey House, a pavilion for hockey fans and players that was temporarily raised in Downtown Vancouver, at the 2010 Winter Olympics. <mask> was selected to the Canadian national junior team for the 1978 World Junior Championships. Canada earned a bronze medal, having finished third in round-robin play. Smyl had a goal and an assist. <mask> was on Canada's men's team in 1985.Hockey Canada selected Smyl and four other Canuck players to the national team for the 1985 World Championships after the team was eliminated from the Stanley Cup playoffs. Smyl scored the game winner in Canada's 3–1 victory over the Soviet Union in the second game of the final round. Canada has not won a gold medal at the World Championships in 24 years. They Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Hughesnet Smyl played on a line with Brian MacLellan and Bernie Nicholls. Smyl was small for an NHL player at 5 feet and 8 inches. He was known for his two-way play, being responsible on defence while also producing.He earned the nickname "Steamer" because of the relentless checking that made him a fan favourite. <mask> was the leader of the team for eight seasons. When <mask> announced his retirement on July 3, 1991, he was named an assistant coach along with Rick Ley. During a pre-game ceremony on November 3, he was honoured for his playing career. <mask> was involved in his second Stanley Cup Finals as a coach in 1994. In the deciding game, the New York Rangers won 3–2. Colin Campbell was a part of the 1982 Cup run as a player and Smyl helped coach opposite him.The head coaching position changed five times. Ley took over head coaching duties from 1994 to 1996 as Quinn returned to his executive positions as president and general manager. Tom Renney was hired as the head coach for the beginning of the 1996–97 season after the firing of Ley in the 1995-96 season. Renney was savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay <mask> was an assistant to all four head coaches. <mask> was named head coach of the Syracuse Crunch of the American Hockey League in 1999. He replaced Jack McIlhargey, who had served for five seasons.In his first season as a coach, he led the Crunch to a.500 record. In the 2000 off-season, the Canuck signed a two-year affiliation agreement with the Kansas City Blades of the International Hockey League. <mask> became the new coach of Kansas City. The IHL folded after Smyl's first season with the Blades, and he was moved back to the American Hockey League. They were coached to the second round by him. On March 2, 2004, he achieved his 100th win as head coach of the Moose in a 3–0 win over the Milwaukee Admirals. The Moose missed the playoffs for the first time in seven years in 2004, and Smyl was dismissed as head coach.Randy Carlyle replaced him. Some Moose players said that Carlyle was more demanding than Smyl. <mask> was named the Director of Player Development in the 2004 off-season after he was let go as the Moose head coach. He oversaw the play of prospects within the farm system, for example those playing in the Victoria Salmon Kings of the ECHL. He was with the team for four years before Mike Gillis took over as the general manager. Smyl was assigned the newly created position of Director of Collegiate Scouting. <mask>'s former Director of Player Development role was assumed by a former NHL player.<mask> was re-located to his current role as Senior advisor to Gillis before the 2008–09 season, after one season in that role. He still oversees collegiate scouting as an advisor. <mask> was the interim general manager of theCanucks after Jim Benning was fired. <mask> left home at 13 years old to play hockey in British Columbia. His wife is named Jen. Hockey players with retired numbers are from the County of St. The captains of the hockey teams are from Canada.

28803602

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clark%20Gesner

Clark Gesner

Clark Gesner (March 27, 1938 – July 23, 2002) was an American composer, songwriter, author, and actor. He is best known for composing the musical You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown, based on the Charles M. Schulz comic strip Peanuts. None of his other musicals (most notably The Utter Glory of Morrissey Hall in 1979) had been able to match the success of ...Charlie Brown, though he had small success in regional productions (mostly Animal Fair in 1990). Gesner's song "Happiness" became a hit standard in the 1960s, being recorded by various artists. The latter was also recorded in a smooth jazz version by David Benoit in May 2000, shortly after Charles M. Schulz's death, on an album entitled Here's To You, Charlie Brown: 50 Great Years! The album made it to #2 on the Top Jazz Albums chart. Early life Born and raised in Augusta, Maine, and later moving to Brooklyn, New York, Gesner was born to H. Mortimer Gesner Jr., and Eleanor Clark Gesner. He attended high school in Plainfield, New Jersey, where he wrote and performed in theater productions. Gesner attended Princeton University and was a member of the Triangle Club, the university's theater group. There, he began writing and producing original musical comedies. Following his graduation from Princeton, Gesner kept close ties to his alma mater, serving as a member of the graduate board of the Triangle Club, and regularly patronizing performances by other groups on the Princeton campus, such as the Princeton University Players and Theatre Intime. Drafted into the United States Army in 1961, Gesner spent his two-year military career at Governor's Island and in Manhattan selling theater tickets at the USO in Times Square, where he regularly attended Broadway theater productions. He subsequently joined ASCAP in 1962. Early work on television Gesner found work in New York City as a writer and composer for the Captain Kangaroo in 1955 and Mister Mayor in 1964 television programs. He later wrote for the shows Sesame Street and The Electric Company. For the latter, his music or writing was used in over 700 episodes. You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown Concept album During the early 1960s, Gesner had begun writing songs based on Charles Schulz’s Charlie Brown comic strip characters but was unable to get permission from the United Features Syndicate to use the characters in his songs. Eventually Gesner sent Schulz a tape of some of the songs and Gesner soon had permission to record them, which he did in 1966. At the time, Gesner had no plans for a musical based on this pre-production "concept album." However, producer Arthur Whitelaw, who would later go on to write another musical based on Peanuts, encouraged Gesner to turn the album into a musical. Stage musical The stage adaptation of the concept album, entitled You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown, went into rehearsal in New York City on February 10, 1967. Prior to its opening, the musical had no actual libretto; it was several vignettes with a musical number for each one. On March 7, 1967, the musical premiered Off-Broadway and was a big hit, running for 1,597 performances. Walter Kerr in The New York Times called the show "a miracle", saying, "Almost everything works, because almost everything is effortless." Since its premiere, ...Charlie Brown has become an international success, spawning two Broadway productions (a 1971 transfer and a 1999 revival), over nine U.S. tours, a 1968 West End production, and a 2008 Manhattan concert performance, along with productions in Baltimore, Maryland, New Jersey, Toronto, and Altoona among others. Subsequent writing career Musical theatre Gesner's second Broadway musical, The Utter Glory of Morrissey Hall, was much less successful. It closed at the Mark Hellinger Theatre after seven previews and one regular performance. The Jello Is Always Red, a musical revue of cabaret songs with book, music and lyrics by Gesner, was staged off-Broadway in New York in 1998 by The York Theatre Company. The show played from June 3 to 28, 1998 at the York Theatre, lasting 11 previews and 21 regular performances. Animal Fair, a show with book, music and lyrics by Gesner, is a series of vignettes that depict everyday animals in human situations. It premiered in 1990 at the Denver Center Theatre and was subsequently produced by Brooklyn's Gallery Players in 2001. The Bloomers, a musical with music and lyrics by Gesner, and book by Garet Scott based on The Letter by Somerset Maugham, was first produced in May 2000 at the off-off-Broadway Red Room. Among Gesner's other works is a yet-to-be-produced musical based on the cartoon character Betty Boop. Gesner collaborated with Garet Scott on several off-off-Broadway movie parodies, including Down! Down! Down! Thirty Second To Hell, A Town Called Shame, and Bongo Fever. Some of Gesner's well known compositions include "The Ivy League Look", a song for the Triangle Club, and "Little Known Facts", a musical number from You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown. As an actor, Gesner performed regionally in theatre productions, including 1776, Lend Me a Tenor, and Carnival!, among others. He sang on the original concept album of You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown as Linus van Pelt and sang with Barbara Minkus on four bonus tracks on the original cast recording of the Off-Broadway cast of You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown. Television Gesner wrote for NBC Experiment in Television in 1967, shortly before completing You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown. The 1968 television series The Ed Sullivan Show used Gesner's songs "You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown" and "Happiness", both of which had become hits at the time. The latter was also used in the TV special A Family Thing, also in 1968. Gesner then co-wrote the TV special Out to Lunch (1974). His music can be heard in The Electric Company (1977), You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown (1985), You Don't Look 40, Charlie Brown (1990), and Diva (2010). Print Gesner wrote theater reviews for the local weekly, the Brooklyn Heights Press (part of the Brooklyn Eagle chain). Death Gesner died of a heart attack at age 64 on July 23, 2002, in downtown New York City. He was never married. Awards and nominations °°Nomination shared with Andrew Lippa References External links Clark Gesner at the Internet Off-Broadway Database 1938 births 2002 deaths 20th-century American composers 20th-century American dramatists and playwrights American musical theatre composers American musical theatre librettists American musical theatre lyricists Male musical theatre composers Male actors from Maine People from Augusta, Maine Songwriters from Maine

<mask> (March 27, 1938 – July 23, 2002) was an American composer, songwriter, author, and actor. He is best known for composing the musical You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown, based on the Charles M. Schulz comic strip Peanuts. None of his other musicals (most notably The Utter Glory of Morrissey Hall in 1979) had been able to match the success of ...Charlie Brown, though he had small success in regional productions (mostly Animal Fair in 1990). <mask>'s song "Happiness" became a hit standard in the 1960s, being recorded by various artists. The latter was also recorded in a smooth jazz version by David Benoit in May 2000, shortly after Charles M. Schulz's death, on an album entitled Here's To You, Charlie Brown: 50 Great Years! The album made it to #2 on the Top Jazz Albums chart. Early life Born and raised in Augusta, Maine, and later moving to Brooklyn, New York, <mask> was born to H<mask>., and <mask>.He attended high school in Plainfield, New Jersey, where he wrote and performed in theater productions. <mask> attended Princeton University and was a member of the Triangle Club, the university's theater group. There, he began writing and producing original musical comedies. Following his graduation from Princeton, <mask> kept close ties to his alma mater, serving as a member of the graduate board of the Triangle Club, and regularly patronizing performances by other groups on the Princeton campus, such as the Princeton University Players and Theatre Intime. Drafted into the United States Army in 1961, <mask> spent his two-year military career at Governor's Island and in Manhattan selling theater tickets at the USO in Times Square, where he regularly attended Broadway theater productions. He subsequently joined ASCAP in 1962. Early work on television <mask> found work in New York City as a writer and composer for the Captain Kangaroo in 1955 and Mister Mayor in 1964 television programs.He later wrote for the shows Sesame Street and The Electric Company. For the latter, his music or writing was used in over 700 episodes. You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown Concept album During the early 1960s, <mask> had begun writing songs based on Charles Schulz’s Charlie Brown comic strip characters but was unable to get permission from the United Features Syndicate to use the characters in his songs. Eventually <mask> sent Schulz a tape of some of the songs and Gesner soon had permission to record them, which he did in 1966. At the time, Gesner had no plans for a musical based on this pre-production "concept album." However, producer Arthur Whitelaw, who would later go on to write another musical based on Peanuts, encouraged Gesner to turn the album into a musical. Stage musical The stage adaptation of the concept album, entitled You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown, went into rehearsal in New York City on February 10, 1967.Prior to its opening, the musical had no actual libretto; it was several vignettes with a musical number for each one. On March 7, 1967, the musical premiered Off-Broadway and was a big hit, running for 1,597 performances. Walter Kerr in The New York Times called the show "a miracle", saying, "Almost everything works, because almost everything is effortless." Since its premiere, ...Charlie Brown has become an international success, spawning two Broadway productions (a 1971 transfer and a 1999 revival), over nine U.S. tours, a 1968 West End production, and a 2008 Manhattan concert performance, along with productions in Baltimore, Maryland, New Jersey, Toronto, and Altoona among others. Subsequent writing career Musical theatre <mask>'s second Broadway musical, The Utter Glory of Morrissey Hall, was much less successful. It closed at the Mark Hellinger Theatre after seven previews and one regular performance. The Jello Is Always Red, a musical revue of cabaret songs with book, music and lyrics by Gesner, was staged off-Broadway in New York in 1998 by The York Theatre Company.The show played from June 3 to 28, 1998 at the York Theatre, lasting 11 previews and 21 regular performances. Animal Fair, a show with book, music and lyrics by Gesner, is a series of vignettes that depict everyday animals in human situations. It premiered in 1990 at the Denver Center Theatre and was subsequently produced by Brooklyn's Gallery Players in 2001. The Bloomers, a musical with music and lyrics by <mask>, and book by Garet Scott based on The Letter by Somerset Maugham, was first produced in May 2000 at the off-off-Broadway Red Room. Among <mask>'s other works is a yet-to-be-produced musical based on the cartoon character Betty Boop. Gesner collaborated with Garet Scott on several off-off-Broadway movie parodies, including Down! Down!Down! Thirty Second To Hell, A Town Called Shame, and Bongo Fever. Some of <mask>'s well known compositions include "The Ivy League Look", a song for the Triangle Club, and "Little Known Facts", a musical number from You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown. As an actor, Gesner performed regionally in theatre productions, including 1776, Lend Me a Tenor, and Carnival!, among others. He sang on the original concept album of You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown as Linus van Pelt and sang with Barbara Minkus on four bonus tracks on the original cast recording of the Off-Broadway cast of You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown. Television <mask> wrote for NBC Experiment in Television in 1967, shortly before completing You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown. The 1968 television series The Ed Sullivan Show used <mask>'s songs "You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown" and "Happiness", both of which had become hits at the time.The latter was also used in the TV special A Family Thing, also in 1968. <mask> then co-wrote the TV special Out to Lunch (1974). His music can be heard in The Electric Company (1977), You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown (1985), You Don't Look 40, Charlie Brown (1990), and Diva (2010). Print Gesner wrote theater reviews for the local weekly, the Brooklyn Heights Press (part of the Brooklyn Eagle chain). Death <mask> died of a heart attack at age 64 on July 23, 2002, in downtown New York City. He was never married. Awards and nominations °°Nomination shared with Andrew Lippa References External links <mask> at the Internet Off-Broadway Database 1938 births 2002 deaths 20th-century American composers 20th-century American dramatists and playwrights American musical theatre composers American musical theatre librettists American musical theatre lyricists Male musical theatre composers Male actors from Maine People from Augusta, Maine Songwriters from Maine

<mask> was an American composer, author, and actor. He is best known for his work on the musical You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown. None of his musicals had been able to match the success of...Charlie Brown, though he had small success in regional productions. Various artists recorded <mask>'s song "Happiness", which became a hit in the 1960s. A smooth jazz version of Here's To You, Charlie Brown: 50 Great Years! was recorded in May 2000 shortly after Charles M. Schulz's death. The album made it to #2 on the chart. <mask> was born in Augusta, Maine, to H<mask>. and <mask>.In high school, he wrote and performed in theater productions. <mask> was a member of the Triangle Club at the university. He began to write and produce musical comedies. <mask> kept close ties to his alma mater, serving as a member of the graduate board of the Triangle Club, and patronizing performances by other groups on the Princeton campus. After being drafted into the United States Army in 1961, <mask> spent his two-year military career at Governor's Island and in Manhattan selling theater tickets at the USO in Times Square. He joined the organization in 1962. In 1955, <mask> was a writer and composer for the Captain Kangaroo in New York City, and in 1964 he was a writer and composer for Mister Mayor in New York City.He wrote for The Electric Company and Sesame Street. In over 700 episodes, his music or writing was used. In the early 1960s, <mask> was unable to get permission from the United Features Syndicate to use characters from the Charlie Brown comic strip in his songs. After <mask> sent a tape of some of the songs, he was given permission to record them, which he did in 1966. There were no plans for a musical based on this concept album. <mask> was encouraged by Whitelaw to turn the album into a musical. The stage adaptation of the concept album, entitled You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown, went into rehearsal in New York City on February 10, 1967.Prior to its opening, the musical had several vignettes with a musical number for each one. The musical was a big hit and ran for 1,597 performances. The show is a miracle according to Walter Kerr in The New York Times. Two Broadway productions, a 1971 transfer and a 1999 revival, have spawned over nine U.S. tours, a 1968 West End production, and a 2008 Manhattan concert performance. The Utter Glory of Morrissey Hall, <mask>'s second Broadway musical, was a flop. There were seven previews and one regular performance at the Mark Hellinger Theatre. The Jello Is Always Red was staged off-Broadway in New York in 1998 by The York Theatre Company.The 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Animal Fair is a show with book, music and lyrics that depict everyday animals in human situations. It was produced by Brooklyn's Gallery Players in 2001. The musical with music and lyrics by Gesner and book by Garet Scott was first produced in 2000 at the off-Broadway Red Room. A musical based on the cartoon character Betty Boop is one of Gesner's works. Gesner and Garet Scott collaborated on several movie parodies. Down!Down! Thirty Second To Hell is a movie about a town called shame. "The Ivy League Look", a song for the Triangle Club, and "Little known Facts", a musical number from You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown, are some of <mask>'s well known compositions. Gesner performed in a number of theatre productions as an actor. He sang on the original concept album of You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown, as well as the four bonus tracks on the original cast recording of the Off-Broadway cast of You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown. Shortly before completing You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown, Television <mask> wrote for NBC. The Ed Sullivan Show used <mask>'s songs "You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown" and "Happiness", both of which became hits at the time.In 1968, the latter was used in A Family Thing. Out to Lunch was a TV special. His music can be heard in The Electric Company, You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown, You Don't Look 40, Charlie Brown, and Diva. The Brooklyn Heights Press is part of the Brooklyn Eagle chain. <mask> died of a heart attack at the age of 64. He was never married. Awards and nominations are shared with Andrew Lippa.

1523675

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petar%20Ko%C4%8Di%C4%87

Petar Kočić

Petar Kočić (; 29 June 1877 – 27 August 1916) was a Bosnian Serb writer, activist and politician. Born in rural northwestern Bosnia in the final days of Ottoman rule, Kočić began writing around the turn of the twentieth century, first poetry and then prose. While a university student, he became politically active and began agitating for agrarian reforms within Bosnia and Herzegovina, which had been occupied by Austria-Hungary following the Ottomans' withdrawal in 1878. Other reforms that Kočić demanded were freedom of the press and freedom of assembly, which were denied under Austria-Hungary. In 1902, Kočić published his first short story collection. He published two more short story collections in 1904 and 1905, and subsequently adapted one of his most successful short stories, The Badger on Trial, for the stage. Kočić subsequently led several demonstrations in Sarajevo and was imprisoned on three occasions for publishing newspaper tracts critical of Habsburg rule. He spent the majority of his imprisonment in solitary confinement, which contributed to his development of depression. In 1909, Kočić was released as part of a general amnesty. The following year, he published his third and final short story collection, and won a seat in the newly created Bosnian Parliament (Sabor), where he became the leader of a faction of anti-Austrian Serb nationalists. He lobbied for increased concessions to Bosnian Serb peasants and farmers, agitating against the Austro-Hungarians as well as the Bosnian Muslim landowning class. He left the Sabor in 1913, citing mental exhaustion. In January 1914, Kočić was admitted into a Belgrade mental hospital, where he died two years later. Kočić was one of the most important Bosnian Serb politicians of the Austro-Hungarian era, as well as one of Bosnia and Herzegovina's most important twentieth-century playwrights. He was noted for his fiery temperament and sharp wit, which he frequently deployed against the Austro-Hungarian authorities. Kočić's works not only influenced an entire generation of Bosnian intellectuals, such as the future Nobel laureate Ivo Andrić, but also the Serbian and Yugoslav nationalist movements, as well as the Bosnian autonomist and Yugoslav communist movements. Numerous streets in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Serbia carry his name and his likeness has appeared on Bosnian 100 KM banknotes since 1998. Early life and education Petar Kočić was born into a Bosnian Serb family on 29 June 1877 in the hamlet of Stričići, in the Zmijanje region, near Banja Luka in northern Bosnia. His father, Jovan, was an Eastern Orthodox priest and his mother, Mara, was a housewife. Within a year of his birth, the Bosnia Vilayet was occupied by Austria-Hungary, bringing more than four centuries of Ottoman rule to a sudden end. Kočić's father had taken his priestly vows in 1873. In 1879, Kočić's mother died while giving birth to his younger brother Ilija, and his father decided to become a monk at the Gomionica Monastery, where he adopted the monastic name Gerasim. Following his mother's death, Kočić and his siblings, Milica and Ilija, were sent to live with their extended family in a peasant zadruga. Each member of the zadruga was assigned a particular role. Kočić was tasked with herding livestock. At the time, ninety percent of Bosnia's population was illiterate, and storytelling took on a predominantly oral character, as exemplified by the tradition of the gusle, a one-stringed instrument used to accompany the recitation of epic poetry, which was the primary form of entertainment in Serb peasant communities. Kočić remained illiterate until the age of eleven, when he was dispatched to Gomionica, where his father had since become abbot, to receive basic schooling. Kočić's stay at the monastery, during which he was taught the history of the Serbs and became acquainted with Serbian tradition and lore, left an indelible impression on him, and was to influence his future writing. In 1888, around the time Kočić arrived at Gomionica, his father was arrested by the Austro-Hungarian police for leading a demonstration against Crown Prince Rudolph during a state visit to Banja Luka, and sentenced to seven months' imprisonment. Kočić left Gomionica after two years and completed his primary education at the Eastern Orthodox religious school in Banja Luka, though he returned to the monastery every summer in order to spend time with his father. Kočić was the best student in his class at the religious school, and upon graduating in 1891, he departed for Sarajevo to attend high school at the First Sarajevo Gymnasium. During his first three years, he excelled in subjects such as mathematics, as well as Greek, Latin, German and Serbo-Croatian, which the Austro-Hungarians deemed the "language of the land" (zemaljski jezik), so as not to become entangled in local ethnolinguistic disputes. Kočić experienced a violent fit in his fourth year, swearing at a theology teacher and throwing a textbook at him over a poor grade. He was dismissed from the classroom and subjected to a monetary fine. According to a classmate, the outburst changed Kočić, "turning him from an ambitious, disciplined student, into a truant and frequenter of kafanas and bars." Following an incident in which a visibly intoxicated Kočić and his friends verbally abused Muslim students in a hotel bar, Kočić was expelled from the Gymnasium. He found himself unable to enroll into any of the high schools in Bosnia, having apparently drawn the ire of the Austro-Hungarian authorities. Kočić was forced to continue his education in neighbouring Serbia and enrolled into a Belgrade high school, from which he graduated in 1899. Career Early writing and activism While in Belgrade, Kočić met the writer Janko Veselinović, whose popular short stories and novels romanticized Serbian peasant life. Kočić shared several of his poems with Veselinović, who recommended that he focus on prose instead. Kočić's time in Belgrade was marked by dire poverty. "Although Serbian," he wrote, the city was "a foreign world." Kočić's behaviour became extremely volatile, as exemplified in a letter he wrote his childhood friend and future wife Milka Vukmanović, threatening to kill her and then himself if she married another man. Letters to his father, pressing for money, also struck an abusive and manipulative tone. The notion of suicide began to appear more frequently in his notes. "I will kill myself," he wrote, "to put an end once and for all to all the sufferings and torments that have pursued me from my birth. My life in Banja Luka was hard and dark, in Sarajevo still worse, and in Belgrade, it reached the very climax of suffering." The historian Robin Okey describes such passages as "a reminder of the stresses on young students in this first transition from patriarchalism, particularly without funding when illness and hunger were recurrent." Frequently homeless, Kočić took to sleeping on the street. One evening, he was woken by a kick to the gut. A policeman stood overhead, swearing and threatening to arrest him. Kočić fled but later recounted that he forgave the policeman because the kick had been administered by "the same soldier who will, sooner or later, carry victorious banners" into Bosnia. Historian Edin Hajdarpašić believes Kočić's response to this incident is emblematic of his nationalist philosophy. "Some roughness from one's co-nationals was understandable," Hajdarpašić writes, "but an 'alien' rule of law was intolerable since it violated, by default, the 'native' national sentiment that Kočić claimed as his position." In the fall of 1899, Kočić enrolled into the University of Vienna's Department of Slavistics and began writing prose. His first short story appeared in the publication Bosanska vila (Bosnian Fairy) in 1899. Soon, Kočić began taking part in South Slavic student demonstrations on campus, demanding freedom of the press and assembly in Bosnia. Despite living in the city and being well educated, Kočić took up the cause of the Bosnian Serb peasants. Most peasants were kmets, or serfs, and did not own the land they tilled. Though they were no longer legally referred to as serfs from 1878 onwards, their farmland remained the property of the Muslim landowning class, which emerged from the Ottoman withdrawal largely unscathed. Kočić helped produce memoranda outlining the protesters' demands, which attracted the attention of the Austro-Hungarian authorities. Kočić understood that his political views could lead to restrictions being imposed on his liberty, as demonstrated in a letter he wrote Vukmanović in 1901: "I shall spend perhaps the greater part of my life in jails and prisons, because all us students are going to begin a struggle against the [Austrians], who plunder our nation, deprive it of its freedom, and destroy its happiness." During his stay in Vienna, Kočić joined the Serbian academic society Zora (Dawn). It was here that he met Pavle Lagarić, another aspiring writer. Lagarić recognized Kočić’s literary talents and introduced him to realism, moving him away from the romanticism of Veselinović. Petar adapted to the new style with ease, publishing his first collection of short stories, S planine i ispod planine (From the Mountain and Below the Mountain) in 1902. Kočić first read the drafts of his stories to members of Zora, took note of their comments and concerns, and made changes accordingly. Between 1902 and 1905, Kočić published three volumes of short stories, all under the same title, S planine i ispod planine. Notable among these was Jazavac pred sudom (The Badger on Trial), in which a farmer attempts to sue a badger for eating his crops. Kočić subsequently adapted the story into a one-act play. It premiered at Belgrade's National Theatre on 26 November 1905. Anti-government tracts and imprisonment Upon graduating, Kočić left Vienna in April 1904 and returned to northern Bosnia, where he and Vukmanović eloped on 18 September. In February 1905, the two relocated to Skopje, in Ottoman-controlled Macedonia, where Kočić worked as a teacher at a local Serbian-language high school. Upon arriving in Skopje, Kočić was shaken by the news that his father had died. During his stay, he staged the first theatrical performance in the city's history, a stage production of Jazavac pred sudom. Kočić remained in Skopje for less than a year. He made the mistake of writing an article for the Belgrade daily Politika that was critical of the local Serbian archimandrite, prompting his superiors to arrange a transfer to Bitola, which he declined. Kočić and his wife moved back to Vienna, but their stay there proved to be shortlived. Within a year, the couple relocated to Sarajevo, where Kočić became the general secretary of Prosveta (Enlightment), a Serb cultural society. In May 1906, he took part in a province-wide general strike. In his speeches, he drew parallels between the grievances of workers and those of peasants, whose discontent continued to fester, as the average size of their plots had decreased by 11 percent between 1895 and 1910. Shortly after relocating to Sarajevo, Kočić applied for a license to publish a satirical newspaper called Jazavac (The Badger). Kočić declared that the newspaper would mock "everything that is rotten and sick in our contemporary social life". His request again brought him to the attention of the Austro-Hungarian authorities, who compiled a secret internal memorandum branding him "a fanatical revolutionary" who led "an Austrophobic movement dedicated to organizing a pan-Serbian uprising in Bosnia." In October 1906, Kočić led a student protest against a Bosnian Croat newspaper titled Hrvatski dnevnik (The Croatian Daily), which he had accused of using pejoratives in describing the Bosnian Serbs. The authorities acted quickly against both Kočić and the paper's two editors. The editors, both of whom were from Croatia, were expelled from the province. Kočić was notified that he had 48 hours to leave Sarajevo or face arrest. He moved back to Banja Luka, but according to biographer Thomas Butler, "the authorities were not satisfied with merely banishing him." In 1907, Kočić applied for a license to publish a newspaper called Otadžbina (Fatherland), which was granted. The first issue appeared on 28 June 1907, during Vidovdan (St. Vitus Day), a holiday of great significance in the Serbian national consciousness marking the anniversary of the Battle of Kosovo. In that issue, Kočić bitterly criticized Austro-Hungarian rule and its negative effect on the peasant, for which he and his managing editor Vasa Kondić were jailed. Kočić was imprisoned inside the Black House, the same prison in which his father had been held. He was first sentenced to two months' imprisonment, but persisted in his recriminations, leading to a second stint in prison that lasted eight months, then a third which lasted fifteen. Kočić spent the majority of his imprisonment in solitary confinement, but sympathetic peasants often appeared at his window and waved at him, which kept his spirits high. Midway through one of his stints in prison, he was transferred to a correctional facility in Tuzla, where he was not allowed to speak to his fellow prisoners or the prison guards. This had a negative effect on his psychological well-being. He slipped into a deep depression and became increasingly worried about the welfare of his wife and child in his absence. During Kočić’s imprisonment, Austria-Hungary formally annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina. His sentence was commuted in early 1909, as part of a general amnesty for political prisoners. By this time, Kočić’s physical health had also deteriorated. He first returned to his native Stričići, where he rested for two months and collected material for a folk narrative about the history of Zmijanje. The resulting short story collection, titled Jauci sa zmijanja (The Wailing from Zmijanje), was published in 1910. Bosnian Parliament, psychological deterioration and death Austria-Hungary allowed for the formation of a Bosnian Parliament (Sabor) in 1910. Kočić ran in the district of Banja Luka as a candidate of the Agrarian Party and won. One senior Austro-Hungarian official described all the Serb members of parliament, with the exception of Kočić, as being "formally loyal" to the Habsburg crown. Other officials were far less restrained in their criticism, branding Kočić a "well-known agitator", "extremist", "proselytizing subversive", "fanatical revolutionary", "destructive influence", "spiritus rector of disaffection", "boundlessly excitable demagogue" and the "most zealous champion of the Great Serb cause". By 1911, Kočić had relocated to Sarajevo, ready to represent his district. Shortly thereafter, he was appointed to the Administrative and Cultural Council. He wrote little, with the exception of Sudanija (Trials), a dialogue based on his prison experiences, and instead devoted himself to penning fiery speeches to be delivered in the Sabor. The main subjects of these speeches were the agrarian question and forestry rights, both of which disproportionately affected the Bosnian Serb peasantry, Kočić's primary constituents, who made up nearly half of Bosnia and Herzegovina's rural population at the time. During this period, Kočić was one of the two primary proponents of agrarian reform in the province, alongside Lazar Dimitrijević. Kočić also went about agitating against the Muslim landowning class. The Muslim landlords became one of the primary targets of his speeches, second only to the Austro-Hungarians. "Every kmet'''s income is taxed," Kočić complained, "while people in towns do not pay any taxes on the interest they get on their money in the banks nor do the feudal lords pay taxes on the one third they obtain from the kmets." Kočić's movement was one of four Bosnian Serb parties in the Sabor, and the only one representing the Serb peasantry. The other three represented city-dwelling Serb nationalists, pan-Slavic Serbs, and pro-Habsburg Serbs. The historian Ivo Banac describes Kočić's followers as "the most uncompromising anti-Austrian Serb nationalists in Bosnia-Herzegovina." Kočić and his followers also had extensive ties to Mlada Bosna (Young Bosnia), a South Slav nationalist student movement calling for an end to Austro-Hungarian rule. By 1912, the strains of politics were beginning to take a toll on Kočić's mental health, and he vacated his position on the Administrative and Cultural Council the following year. He spent the subsequent months at a resort near Mount Ivan, in central Bosnia, but the state of his mental health remained poor. In January 1914, Kočić was admitted to a Belgrade mental hospital, where he died on 27 August 1916, amid the chaos of World War I and the city's occupation by Austria-Hungary. By some accounts, Kočić committed suicide, but this has been denied by his family. He was survived by his wife Milka and daughter Dušanka, who went on to become a professor. The couple also had a son, Slobodan, who predeceased his father. Kočić's remains were buried at Belgrade's New Cemetery. Style and themes Like those of his contemporaries Aleksa Šantić, Vladimir Ćorović and Jovan Dučić, Kočić's writings were greatly influenced by the Nemanjić-Byzantine literary tradition, which was mainly taken up by Serb writers, and primarily dealt with themes from Serbian history, such as the medieval Serbian Empire and the Battle of Kosovo. His stories all bespeak the social and political beliefs to which he adhered. His primary sources of inspiration were Serbian epic poetry and Njegoš's Gorski vijenac (The Mountain Wreath; 1847). Kočić's works were written in his native Ijekavian dialect, primarily spoken west of the Drina. Powerless peasants standing up to the complex Austro-Hungarian bureaucratic apparatus, usually in court, is a theme that recurs throughout Kočić's works. His stories were often satirical in nature and dealt with the everyday hardships faced by the Bosnian Serb peasantry, mocking the Austro-Hungarian administration and pointing out its flaws. They also had patent didactic overtones. "These features alone," Hajdarpašić writes, "the satirical tone, the complaints about the government, the comparisons to the Turkish yoke, do not stand out as particularly exceptional, suggesting in fact rather narrow targets of Kočić's critique." According to Hajdarpašić, stories such as Jazavac pred sudom "enabled him to encapsulate a wide array of grievances in an accessible and entertaining literary form." Contemporary critics noted that Kočić's peasant characters deviated from the idyllic representations that were prevalent in 19th-century South Slavic literature, and that his stories instead depicted rural life as strenuous and hard. Kočić was also noted for his extensive use of word play, usually for comedic effect. An example of this can be found in Sudanija, in which the main character, an illiterate peasant named Ćiko Trubajić, incorrectly refers to the paragraphs in the Austro-Hungarian law code using a sociolect, paligrafi ("paligraphs"). In a number of stories, particularly Jazavac pred sudom, Kočić repeatedly mocks the Austro-Hungarians for their poor grasp of Serbo-Croatian. In his speeches before the Sabor, he frequently lambasted the authorities for their supposed corrupting influence on the Serbo-Croatian language. The authority figures who frustrate the powerless Serb peasant's calls for justice are faceless, nameless individuals who have trouble understanding the nuances and subtleties of Balkan life. "Kočić's objections seemed directed not at political oppression as such," Hajdarpašić contends, "but rather specifically against the 'foreign' character of the Habsburg administration." Legacy Kočić was one of the most important Bosnian Serb politicians of the Austro-Hungarian era. He was also one of Bosnia and Herzegovina's most important twentieth-century playwrights. Short stories such as Jazavac pred sudom inspired an entire generation of young South Slav workers, farmers and intellectuals to oppose Austro-Hungarian rule. The most notable of these was the writer Ivo Andrić, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1961. Kočić's cause was also taken up by South Slav nationalists such as Gavrilo Princip, the Young Bosnian who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria in June 1914, precipitating the July Crisis and the outbreak of World War I. Young revolutionaries, Butler writes, "learned from Kočić's example that Bosnia could not be freed through the law and the courts." The radical land reforms advocated by Kočić only came to fruition after World War I, following the collapse of Austria-Hungary and the creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, which was later renamed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. According to the historian Marko Attila Hoare, this caused the Muslim landowning class to further resent the Bosnian Serb peasantry and was one of the contributing factors behind the genocide of hundreds of thousands of Serbs by the Croatian nationalist Ustaše movement during World War II. The appeal of Kočić's political pronouncements among Bosnian Serbs extended across the political spectrum. During World War II, the Serbian nationalist Chetniks and the communist Partisans, both of whose members were predominantly Serbs, upheld Kočić as a hero. This manifested itself in the creation of the "Petar Kočić" Chetnik Detachment, under the command of Uroš Drenović. In Partisan propaganda, Kočić was lauded as an anti-German revolutionary who fought to liberate Bosnia and Herzegovina from foreign domination. During the socialist period, which lasted between 1945 and 1991, Kočić's Serb heritage was deliberately understated in schoolbooks, and schoolchildren were taught to regard him as an exclusively Bosnian historical and literary figure. Kočić's works witnessed a resurgence in popularity following the breakup of Yugoslavia. During the Bosnian War, Kočić's likeness was used on the obverse of Republika Srpska 5,000 to 500 million dinar notes. In 1998, his likeness began to appear on 100 KM notes issued in Republika Srpska, which became official tender following the Dayton Agreement. Numerous streets in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro bear his name. A Sarajevo street named after Kočić was renamed during the Bosnian War, as part of the Muslim-dominated central government's plan to reduce the number of city streets named after non-Muslims. Before the war, Banja Luka's central library carried Kočić's name, but was later renamed the National Library of Republika Srpska. One of the city's largest parks continues to bear his name; at its centre is a life-sized statue of the writer. Kočić's last months were dramatized in Goran Marković's 2016 film Slepi putnik na brodu ludaka (A Stowaway on the Ship of Fools). List of works Source: 1902 S Planine i ispod planine. Srpsko akademsko društvo zora, Vienna (short story collection)JablanKod Markanova točkaGrob slatke dušeZulum Simeuna ĐakaIstiniti zulum Simeuna ĐakaĐurini zapisiMrguda1904 S Planine i ispod planine. Srpska štamparija, Zagreb (short story collection)Uspomeni genija Đure JakšićaJelike i omorike Kroz magluMračajski protoJazavac pred sudom1905 S Planine i ispod planine. Taletova štamparija, Belgrade (short story collection)Iz starostavne knjige Simeuna ĐakaMejdan Simeuna ĐakaRakijo, majko!Sa zboraJajcePjesma mladostiU magli1910 Jauci sa zmijanja. Srpska štamparija, Zagreb (short story collection)ZmijanjeMolitvaVukov GajKroz mećavu1911 Sudanija. Islamska dioničarska štamparija'', Sarajevo (dialogue) Footnotes Citations References External links Collected works of Petar Kočić, digitized on Project Rastko 1877 births 1916 deaths Austro-Hungarian Serbs Bosnia and Herzegovina novelists Bosnia and Herzegovina poets Bosnia and Herzegovina writers Burials at Belgrade New Cemetery Maleševci People from Banja Luka Serbian novelists Serbian male poets Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina Serbs of the Ottoman Empire University of Vienna alumni Young Bosnia Deaths in mental institutions

<mask> (; 29 June 1877 – 27 August 1916) was a Bosnian Serb writer, activist and politician. Born in rural northwestern Bosnia in the final days of Ottoman rule, <mask> began writing around the turn of the twentieth century, first poetry and then prose. While a university student, he became politically active and began agitating for agrarian reforms within Bosnia and Herzegovina, which had been occupied by Austria-Hungary following the Ottomans' withdrawal in 1878. Other reforms that <mask> demanded were freedom of the press and freedom of assembly, which were denied under Austria-Hungary. In 1902, <mask> published his first short story collection. He published two more short story collections in 1904 and 1905, and subsequently adapted one of his most successful short stories, The Badger on Trial, for the stage. <mask> subsequently led several demonstrations in Sarajevo and was imprisoned on three occasions for publishing newspaper tracts critical of Habsburg rule.He spent the majority of his imprisonment in solitary confinement, which contributed to his development of depression. In 1909, <mask> was released as part of a general amnesty. The following year, he published his third and final short story collection, and won a seat in the newly created Bosnian Parliament (Sabor), where he became the leader of a faction of anti-Austrian Serb nationalists. He lobbied for increased concessions to Bosnian Serb peasants and farmers, agitating against the Austro-Hungarians as well as the Bosnian Muslim landowning class. He left the Sabor in 1913, citing mental exhaustion. In January 1914, <mask> was admitted into a Belgrade mental hospital, where he died two years later. <mask> was one of the most important Bosnian Serb politicians of the Austro-Hungarian era, as well as one of Bosnia and Herzegovina's most important twentieth-century playwrights.He was noted for his fiery temperament and sharp wit, which he frequently deployed against the Austro-Hungarian authorities. <mask>'s works not only influenced an entire generation of Bosnian intellectuals, such as the future Nobel laureate Ivo Andrić, but also the Serbian and Yugoslav nationalist movements, as well as the Bosnian autonomist and Yugoslav communist movements. Numerous streets in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Serbia carry his name and his likeness has appeared on Bosnian 100 KM banknotes since 1998. Early life and education <mask> <mask> was born into a Bosnian Serb family on 29 June 1877 in the hamlet of Stričići, in the Zmijanje region, near Banja Luka in northern Bosnia. His father, Jovan, was an Eastern Orthodox priest and his mother, Mara, was a housewife. Within a year of his birth, the Bosnia Vilayet was occupied by Austria-Hungary, bringing more than four centuries of Ottoman rule to a sudden end. <mask>'s father had taken his priestly vows in 1873.In 1879, <mask>'s mother died while giving birth to his younger brother Ilija, and his father decided to become a monk at the Gomionica Monastery, where he adopted the monastic name Gerasim. Following his mother's death, <mask> and his siblings, Milica and Ilija, were sent to live with their extended family in a peasant zadruga. Each member of the zadruga was assigned a particular role. <mask> was tasked with herding livestock. At the time, ninety percent of Bosnia's population was illiterate, and storytelling took on a predominantly oral character, as exemplified by the tradition of the gusle, a one-stringed instrument used to accompany the recitation of epic poetry, which was the primary form of entertainment in Serb peasant communities. <mask> remained illiterate until the age of eleven, when he was dispatched to Gomionica, where his father had since become abbot, to receive basic schooling. <mask>'s stay at the monastery, during which he was taught the history of the Serbs and became acquainted with Serbian tradition and lore, left an indelible impression on him, and was to influence his future writing.In 1888, around the time <mask> arrived at Gomionica, his father was arrested by the Austro-Hungarian police for leading a demonstration against Crown Prince Rudolph during a state visit to Banja Luka, and sentenced to seven months' imprisonment. <mask> left Gomionica after two years and completed his primary education at the Eastern Orthodox religious school in Banja Luka, though he returned to the monastery every summer in order to spend time with his father. <mask> was the best student in his class at the religious school, and upon graduating in 1891, he departed for Sarajevo to attend high school at the First Sarajevo Gymnasium. During his first three years, he excelled in subjects such as mathematics, as well as Greek, Latin, German and Serbo-Croatian, which the Austro-Hungarians deemed the "language of the land" (zemaljski jezik), so as not to become entangled in local ethnolinguistic disputes. <mask> experienced a violent fit in his fourth year, swearing at a theology teacher and throwing a textbook at him over a poor grade. He was dismissed from the classroom and subjected to a monetary fine. According to a classmate, the outburst changed <mask>, "turning him from an ambitious, disciplined student, into a truant and frequenter of kafanas and bars."Following an incident in which a visibly intoxicated <mask> and his friends verbally abused Muslim students in a hotel bar, <mask> was expelled from the Gymnasium. He found himself unable to enroll into any of the high schools in Bosnia, having apparently drawn the ire of the Austro-Hungarian authorities. <mask> was forced to continue his education in neighbouring Serbia and enrolled into a Belgrade high school, from which he graduated in 1899. Career Early writing and activism While in Belgrade, <mask> met the writer Janko Veselinović, whose popular short stories and novels romanticized Serbian peasant life. <mask> shared several of his poems with Veselinović, who recommended that he focus on prose instead. <mask>'s time in Belgrade was marked by dire poverty. "Although Serbian," he wrote, the city was "a foreign world."<mask>'s behaviour became extremely volatile, as exemplified in a letter he wrote his childhood friend and future wife Milka Vukmanović, threatening to kill her and then himself if she married another man. Letters to his father, pressing for money, also struck an abusive and manipulative tone. The notion of suicide began to appear more frequently in his notes. "I will kill myself," he wrote, "to put an end once and for all to all the sufferings and torments that have pursued me from my birth. My life in Banja Luka was hard and dark, in Sarajevo still worse, and in Belgrade, it reached the very climax of suffering." The historian Robin Okey describes such passages as "a reminder of the stresses on young students in this first transition from patriarchalism, particularly without funding when illness and hunger were recurrent." Frequently homeless, <mask> took to sleeping on the street.One evening, he was woken by a kick to the gut. A policeman stood overhead, swearing and threatening to arrest him. <mask> fled but later recounted that he forgave the policeman because the kick had been administered by "the same soldier who will, sooner or later, carry victorious banners" into Bosnia. Historian Edin Hajdarpašić believes <mask>'s response to this incident is emblematic of his nationalist philosophy. "Some roughness from one's co-nationals was understandable," Hajdarpašić writes, "but an 'alien' rule of law was intolerable since it violated, by default, the 'native' national sentiment that <mask> claimed as his position." In the fall of 1899, <mask> enrolled into the University of Vienna's Department of Slavistics and began writing prose. His first short story appeared in the publication Bosanska vila (Bosnian Fairy) in 1899.Soon, <mask> began taking part in South Slavic student demonstrations on campus, demanding freedom of the press and assembly in Bosnia. Despite living in the city and being well educated, <mask> took up the cause of the Bosnian Serb peasants. Most peasants were kmets, or serfs, and did not own the land they tilled. Though they were no longer legally referred to as serfs from 1878 onwards, their farmland remained the property of the Muslim landowning class, which emerged from the Ottoman withdrawal largely unscathed. <mask> helped produce memoranda outlining the protesters' demands, which attracted the attention of the Austro-Hungarian authorities. <mask> understood that his political views could lead to restrictions being imposed on his liberty, as demonstrated in a letter he wrote Vukmanović in 1901: "I shall spend perhaps the greater part of my life in jails and prisons, because all us students are going to begin a struggle against the [Austrians], who plunder our nation, deprive it of its freedom, and destroy its happiness." During his stay in Vienna, <mask> joined the Serbian academic society Zora (Dawn).It was here that he met Pavle Lagarić, another aspiring writer. Lagarić recognized <mask>’s literary talents and introduced him to realism, moving him away from the romanticism of Veselinović. Petar adapted to the new style with ease, publishing his first collection of short stories, S planine i ispod planine (From the Mountain and Below the Mountain) in 1902. <mask> first read the drafts of his stories to members of Zora, took note of their comments and concerns, and made changes accordingly. Between 1902 and 1905, <mask> published three volumes of short stories, all under the same title, S planine i ispod planine. Notable among these was Jazavac pred sudom (The Badger on Trial), in which a farmer attempts to sue a badger for eating his crops. <mask> subsequently adapted the story into a one-act play.It premiered at Belgrade's National Theatre on 26 November 1905. Anti-government tracts and imprisonment Upon graduating, <mask> left Vienna in April 1904 and returned to northern Bosnia, where he and Vukmanović eloped on 18 September. In February 1905, the two relocated to Skopje, in Ottoman-controlled Macedonia, where <mask> worked as a teacher at a local Serbian-language high school. Upon arriving in Skopje, <mask> was shaken by the news that his father had died. During his stay, he staged the first theatrical performance in the city's history, a stage production of Jazavac pred sudom. <mask> remained in Skopje for less than a year. He made the mistake of writing an article for the Belgrade daily Politika that was critical of the local Serbian archimandrite, prompting his superiors to arrange a transfer to Bitola, which he declined.<mask> and his wife moved back to Vienna, but their stay there proved to be shortlived. Within a year, the couple relocated to Sarajevo, where <mask> became the general secretary of Prosveta (Enlightment), a Serb cultural society. In May 1906, he took part in a province-wide general strike. In his speeches, he drew parallels between the grievances of workers and those of peasants, whose discontent continued to fester, as the average size of their plots had decreased by 11 percent between 1895 and 1910. Shortly after relocating to Sarajevo, <mask> applied for a license to publish a satirical newspaper called Jazavac (The Badger). <mask> declared that the newspaper would mock "everything that is rotten and sick in our contemporary social life". His request again brought him to the attention of the Austro-Hungarian authorities, who compiled a secret internal memorandum branding him "a fanatical revolutionary" who led "an Austrophobic movement dedicated to organizing a pan-Serbian uprising in Bosnia."In October 1906, <mask> led a student protest against a Bosnian Croat newspaper titled Hrvatski dnevnik (The Croatian Daily), which he had accused of using pejoratives in describing the Bosnian Serbs. The authorities acted quickly against both <mask> and the paper's two editors. The editors, both of whom were from Croatia, were expelled from the province. <mask> was notified that he had 48 hours to leave Sarajevo or face arrest. He moved back to Banja Luka, but according to biographer Thomas Butler, "the authorities were not satisfied with merely banishing him." In 1907, <mask> applied for a license to publish a newspaper called Otadžbina (Fatherland), which was granted. The first issue appeared on 28 June 1907, during Vidovdan (St. Vitus Day), a holiday of great significance in the Serbian national consciousness marking the anniversary of the Battle of Kosovo.In that issue, <mask> bitterly criticized Austro-Hungarian rule and its negative effect on the peasant, for which he and his managing editor Vasa Kondić were jailed. <mask> was imprisoned inside the Black House, the same prison in which his father had been held. He was first sentenced to two months' imprisonment, but persisted in his recriminations, leading to a second stint in prison that lasted eight months, then a third which lasted fifteen. <mask> spent the majority of his imprisonment in solitary confinement, but sympathetic peasants often appeared at his window and waved at him, which kept his spirits high. Midway through one of his stints in prison, he was transferred to a correctional facility in Tuzla, where he was not allowed to speak to his fellow prisoners or the prison guards. This had a negative effect on his psychological well-being. He slipped into a deep depression and became increasingly worried about the welfare of his wife and child in his absence.During <mask>’s imprisonment, Austria-Hungary formally annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina. His sentence was commuted in early 1909, as part of a general amnesty for political prisoners. By this time, <mask>’s physical health had also deteriorated. He first returned to his native Stričići, where he rested for two months and collected material for a folk narrative about the history of Zmijanje. The resulting short story collection, titled Jauci sa zmijanja (The Wailing from Zmijanje), was published in 1910. Bosnian Parliament, psychological deterioration and death Austria-Hungary allowed for the formation of a Bosnian Parliament (Sabor) in 1910. <mask> ran in the district of Banja Luka as a candidate of the Agrarian Party and won.One senior Austro-Hungarian official described all the Serb members of parliament, with the exception of <mask>, as being "formally loyal" to the Habsburg crown. Other officials were far less restrained in their criticism, branding <mask> a "well-known agitator", "extremist", "proselytizing subversive", "fanatical revolutionary", "destructive influence", "spiritus rector of disaffection", "boundlessly excitable demagogue" and the "most zealous champion of the Great Serb cause". By 1911, <mask> had relocated to Sarajevo, ready to represent his district. Shortly thereafter, he was appointed to the Administrative and Cultural Council. He wrote little, with the exception of Sudanija (Trials), a dialogue based on his prison experiences, and instead devoted himself to penning fiery speeches to be delivered in the Sabor. The main subjects of these speeches were the agrarian question and forestry rights, both of which disproportionately affected the Bosnian Serb peasantry, <mask>'s primary constituents, who made up nearly half of Bosnia and Herzegovina's rural population at the time. During this period, <mask> was one of the two primary proponents of agrarian reform in the province, alongside Lazar Dimitrijević.<mask> also went about agitating against the Muslim landowning class. The Muslim landlords became one of the primary targets of his speeches, second only to the Austro-Hungarians. "Every kmet'''s income is taxed," <mask> complained, "while people in towns do not pay any taxes on the interest they get on their money in the banks nor do the feudal lords pay taxes on the one third they obtain from the kmets." <mask>'s movement was one of four Bosnian Serb parties in the Sabor, and the only one representing the Serb peasantry. The other three represented city-dwelling Serb nationalists, pan-Slavic Serbs, and pro-Habsburg Serbs. The historian Ivo Banac describes <mask>'s followers as "the most uncompromising anti-Austrian Serb nationalists in Bosnia-Herzegovina." <mask> and his followers also had extensive ties to Mlada Bosna (Young Bosnia), a South Slav nationalist student movement calling for an end to Austro-Hungarian rule.By 1912, the strains of politics were beginning to take a toll on <mask>'s mental health, and he vacated his position on the Administrative and Cultural Council the following year. He spent the subsequent months at a resort near Mount Ivan, in central Bosnia, but the state of his mental health remained poor. In January 1914, <mask> was admitted to a Belgrade mental hospital, where he died on 27 August 1916, amid the chaos of World War I and the city's occupation by Austria-Hungary. By some accounts, <mask> committed suicide, but this has been denied by his family. He was survived by his wife Milka and daughter Dušanka, who went on to become a professor. The couple also had a son, Slobodan, who predeceased his father. <mask>'s remains were buried at Belgrade's New Cemetery.Style and themes Like those of his contemporaries Aleksa Šantić, Vladimir Ćorović and Jovan Dučić, <mask>'s writings were greatly influenced by the Nemanjić-Byzantine literary tradition, which was mainly taken up by Serb writers, and primarily dealt with themes from Serbian history, such as the medieval Serbian Empire and the Battle of Kosovo. His stories all bespeak the social and political beliefs to which he adhered. His primary sources of inspiration were Serbian epic poetry and Njegoš's Gorski vijenac (The Mountain Wreath; 1847). <mask>'s works were written in his native Ijekavian dialect, primarily spoken west of the Drina. Powerless peasants standing up to the complex Austro-Hungarian bureaucratic apparatus, usually in court, is a theme that recurs throughout <mask>'s works. His stories were often satirical in nature and dealt with the everyday hardships faced by the Bosnian Serb peasantry, mocking the Austro-Hungarian administration and pointing out its flaws. They also had patent didactic overtones."These features alone," Hajdarpašić writes, "the satirical tone, the complaints about the government, the comparisons to the Turkish yoke, do not stand out as particularly exceptional, suggesting in fact rather narrow targets of <mask>'s critique." According to Hajdarpašić, stories such as Jazavac pred sudom "enabled him to encapsulate a wide array of grievances in an accessible and entertaining literary form." Contemporary critics noted that <mask>'s peasant characters deviated from the idyllic representations that were prevalent in 19th-century South Slavic literature, and that his stories instead depicted rural life as strenuous and hard. <mask> was also noted for his extensive use of word play, usually for comedic effect. An example of this can be found in Sudanija, in which the main character, an illiterate peasant named Ćiko Trubajić, incorrectly refers to the paragraphs in the Austro-Hungarian law code using a sociolect, paligrafi ("paligraphs"). In a number of stories, particularly Jazavac pred sudom, <mask> repeatedly mocks the Austro-Hungarians for their poor grasp of Serbo-Croatian. In his speeches before the Sabor, he frequently lambasted the authorities for their supposed corrupting influence on the Serbo-Croatian language.The authority figures who frustrate the powerless Serb peasant's calls for justice are faceless, nameless individuals who have trouble understanding the nuances and subtleties of Balkan life. "<mask>'s objections seemed directed not at political oppression as such," Hajdarpašić contends, "but rather specifically against the 'foreign' character of the Habsburg administration." Legacy <mask> was one of the most important Bosnian Serb politicians of the Austro-Hungarian era. He was also one of Bosnia and Herzegovina's most important twentieth-century playwrights. Short stories such as Jazavac pred sudom inspired an entire generation of young South Slav workers, farmers and intellectuals to oppose Austro-Hungarian rule. The most notable of these was the writer Ivo Andrić, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1961. <mask>'s cause was also taken up by South Slav nationalists such as Gavrilo Princip, the Young Bosnian who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria in June 1914, precipitating the July Crisis and the outbreak of World War I.Young revolutionaries, Butler writes, "learned from <mask>'s example that Bosnia could not be freed through the law and the courts." The radical land reforms advocated by <mask> only came to fruition after World War I, following the collapse of Austria-Hungary and the creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, which was later renamed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. According to the historian Marko Attila Hoare, this caused the Muslim landowning class to further resent the Bosnian Serb peasantry and was one of the contributing factors behind the genocide of hundreds of thousands of Serbs by the Croatian nationalist Ustaše movement during World War II. The appeal of <mask>'s political pronouncements among Bosnian Serbs extended across the political spectrum. During World War II, the Serbian nationalist Chetniks and the communist Partisans, both of whose members were predominantly Serbs, upheld <mask> as a hero. This manifested itself in the creation of the "Petar Kočić" Chetnik Detachment, under the command of Uroš Drenović. In Partisan propaganda, <mask> was lauded as an anti-German revolutionary who fought to liberate Bosnia and Herzegovina from foreign domination.During the socialist period, which lasted between 1945 and 1991, <mask>'s Serb heritage was deliberately understated in schoolbooks, and schoolchildren were taught to regard him as an exclusively Bosnian historical and literary figure. <mask>'s works witnessed a resurgence in popularity following the breakup of Yugoslavia. During the Bosnian War, <mask>'s likeness was used on the obverse of Republika Srpska 5,000 to 500 million dinar notes. In 1998, his likeness began to appear on 100 KM notes issued in Republika Srpska, which became official tender following the Dayton Agreement. Numerous streets in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro bear his name. A Sarajevo street named after <mask> was renamed during the Bosnian War, as part of the Muslim-dominated central government's plan to reduce the number of city streets named after non-Muslims. Before the war, Banja Luka's central library carried <mask>'s name, but was later renamed the National Library of Republika Srpska.One of the city's largest parks continues to bear his name; at its centre is a life-sized statue of the writer. <mask>'s last months were dramatized in Goran Marković's 2016 film Slepi putnik na brodu ludaka (A Stowaway on the Ship of Fools). List of works Source: 1902 S Planine i ispod planine. Srpsko akademsko društvo zora, Vienna (short story collection)JablanKod Markanova točkaGrob slatke dušeZulum Simeuna ĐakaIstiniti zulum Simeuna ĐakaĐurini zapisiMrguda1904 S Planine i ispod planine. Srpska štamparija, Zagreb (short story collection)Uspomeni genija Đure JakšićaJelike i omorike Kroz magluMračajski protoJazavac pred sudom1905 S Planine i ispod planine. Taletova štamparija, Belgrade (short story collection)Iz starostavne knjige Simeuna ĐakaMejdan Simeuna ĐakaRakijo, majko!Sa zboraJajcePjesma mladostiU magli1910 Jauci sa zmijanja. Srpska štamparija, Zagreb (short story collection)ZmijanjeMolitvaVukov GajKroz mećavu1911 Sudanija.Islamska dioničarska štamparija'', Sarajevo (dialogue) Footnotes Citations References External links Collected works of <mask> <mask>, digitized on Project Rastko 1877 births 1916 deaths Austro-Hungarian Serbs Bosnia and Herzegovina novelists Bosnia and Herzegovina poets Bosnia and Herzegovina writers Burials at Belgrade New Cemetery Maleševci People from Banja Luka Serbian novelists Serbian male poets Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina Serbs of the Ottoman Empire University of Vienna alumni Young Bosnia Deaths in mental institutions

<mask> was a Bosnian Serb writer, activist and politician. Koi began writing poetry and prose around the turn of the twentieth century after he was born in rural northwestern Bosnia. He became politically active when he was a university student and began to push for reforms in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which had been occupied by Austria-Hungary. The press and freedom of assembly were denied by Austria-Hungary. Koi published his first collection of short stories in 1901. He adapted one of his most successful short stories, The Badger on Trial, for the stage after he published two more short story collections in 1904 and 1905. Koi was imprisoned three times for publishing newspaper tracts critical of Habsburg rule.He spent most of his time in solitary confinement, which contributed to his depression. Koi was released as part of a general amnesty in 1909. He became the leader of a group of anti-Austrian Serb nationalists when he won a seat in the newly created Bosnian Parliament. He was against the Austro-Hungarians and the Bosnian Muslim landowning class. He left the Sabor in 1913 due to mental exhaustion. Koi died in a mental hospital two years after he was admitted. One of the most important Bosnian Serb politicians of the Austro-Hungarian era was Koi.He was noted for his fiery temperament and sharp wit, which he frequently deployed against the Austro-Hungarian authorities. The Serbian and Yugoslav nationalist movements, as well as the Bosnian autonomist and Yugoslav communist movements, were influenced by Koi's works. Numerous streets in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Serbia have his name on them. <mask> Koi was born into a Bosnian Serb family in the Zmijanje region near Banja Luka in northern Bosnia on June 29, 1877. His mother was a housewife and his father was an Eastern Orthodox priest. The Bosnia Vilayet was occupied by Austria-Hungary within a year of his birth. In 1873, Koi's father took his vows as a priest.In 1879, Koi's mother died while giving birth to his younger brother, and his father decided to become a monk at the Gomionica Monastery. Koi and his siblings were sent to live with their family in a peasant Zadruga after Koi's mother died. The members of the Zadruga were assigned roles. Koi was tasked with herding animals. The gusle, a one-stringed instrument used to accompany the recitation of epic poetry, was the primary form of entertainment in Serb peasants, as evidenced by the fact that ninety percent of Bosnia's population was uneducated. Koi was sent to Gomionica, where his father was the Abbot, to receive basic education at the age of eleven. Koi's stay at the monastery, during which he was taught the history of the Serbs and became acquainted with Serbian tradition and lore, left an indelible impression on him, and was to influence his future writing.Around the time Koi arrived at Gomionica, his father was sentenced to seven months' imprisonment for leading a demonstration against Crown Prince Rudolph during a state visit to Banja Luka. Koi returned to the monastery every summer in order to spend time with his father after he left Gomionica. After graduating from the religious school, Koi went to Sarajevo to attend high school at the First Sarajevo Gymnasium. He excelled in subjects such as mathematics, Greek, Latin, German and Serbo-Croatian, which the Austro-Hungarians deemed the "language of the land", so as not to become entangled in local. Koi was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He was fined for being savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay Koi was turned from an ambitious, disciplined student to a frequenter of kafanas and bars by the outburst.Koi was kicked out of the Gymnasium after he and his friends abused Muslim students in a hotel bar. He had to savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay Koi was forced to continue his education in Serbia after graduating from a high school in 1899. Koi met the writer Janko Veselinovi, whose popular short stories and novels romanticized Serbian peasant life. Several of Koi's poems were shared with Veselinovi, who recommended that Koi focus on prose. Koi's time in Serbia was marked by poverty. The city was a foreign place.In a letter he wrote to Milka, Koi threatened to kill her and then himself if she married another man. The letters to his father were abusive. His notes began to show the idea of suicide more frequently. He wrote that he would kill himself to end the sufferings and torments that have followed him from his birth. In Banja Luka, Sarajevo, and Belgrade, my life was hard and dark. The historian Robin Okey says that such passages are a reminder of the stresses on young students in this first transition from patriarchalism. Koi was often homeless and took to sleeping on the street.He was woken by a kick to the gut. A policeman was threatening to arrest him. Koi said he forgives the policeman because the kick had been administered by the same soldier who will, sooner or later, carry victorious banners into Bosnia. Edin believes Koi's response to this incident is indicative of his nationalist philosophy. The "alien" rule of law was intolerable since it violated the "native" national sentiment that Koi claimed as his position. Koi began writing prose after he joined the University of Vienna's Department of Slavistics. His first short story was published in 1899.Koi began demanding freedom of the press and assembly in Bosnia when he began taking part in South Slavic student demonstrations. Koi was well educated but still took up the cause of the Bosnian Serb peasants. Most peasants did not own the land they tilled. Their farmland remained the property of the Muslim landowning class even after they were no longer referred to as serfs. The Austro-Hungarian authorities were interested in the protesters' demands. Koi understood that his political views could lead to restrictions being imposed on his liberty, as demonstrated in a letter he wrote in 1901: "I shall spend perhaps the greater part of my life in jails and prisons, because all us students are going to begin." Koi joined the Serbian academic society during his stay in Vienna.He met another aspiring writer here. Lagari introduced Koi to realism, moving him away from romanticism. <mask>'s first collection of short stories, S planine i ispod planine (From the Mountain and Below the Mountain), was published in 1901. Koi first read the drafts of his stories to the members of Zora, took note of their comments and concerns, and made changes accordingly. Koi published three volumes of short stories under the title S planine i ispod planine. The Badger on Trial is a story about a farmer trying to get a badger to stop eating his crops. Koi adapted the story into a play.It was shown at the National Theatre in Belgrade. Koi left Vienna in April 1904 and returned to northern Bosnia, where he married Vukmanovi on 18 September. In 1905, the two relocated to Skopje, in Ottoman-controlled Macedonia, where Koi worked as a teacher. Koi was shocked by the news of his father's death. The first theatrical performance in the city's history was staged by him during his stay. Koi lived in Skopje for less than a year. He wrote an article for the Belgrade daily Politika that was critical of the Serbian archimandrite, prompting his superiors to arrange a transfer to Bitola, but he declined.Koi and his wife lived in Vienna for a short time. Koi became the general secretary of Prosveta after the couple relocated to Sarajevo. He took part in a general strike in 1906. The average size of peasants' plots decreased by 11 percent between 1895 and 1910 as he drew parallels between the grievances of workers and peasants. After moving to Sarajevo, Koi applied for a license to publish a satirical newspaper. The newspaper would make fun of everything that is rotten and sick. His request again brought him to the attention of the Austro-Hungarian authorities, who compiled a secret internal memo branding him "a fanatical revolutionary" who led a pan-Serbian uprising in Bosnia.In October 1906, Koi led a student protest against a Bosnian Croat newspaper, which he had accused of using pejoratives in describing the Bosnian Serbs. The authorities took swift action against Koi and the paper's two editors. The editors were kicked out of the province. Koi had 48 hours to leave Sarajevo or be arrested. He moved back to Banja Luka, but the authorities were not happy with that. Koi was granted a license to publish a newspaper in 1907. The first issue was published on June 28, 1907, during the holiday of St. Vitus Day, which commemorates the anniversary of the Battle of Kosovo.Koi and his editor Vasa Kondi were jailed for their criticism of Austro-Hungarian rule. The Black House was where Koi's father had been held. He was sentenced to two months' imprisonment, but persisted in his recriminations, leading to a second stint in prison that lasted eight months, and a third which lasted fifteen. Koi spent the majority of his imprisonment in solitary confinement, but sympathetic peasants often appeared at his window and waved at him, which kept his spirits high. He was not allowed to speak to his fellow prisoners or the prison guards while he was in Tuzla. His psychological well-being was negatively affected by this. He became depressed and worried about the welfare of his wife and child while he was away.Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina during Koi's imprisonment. His sentence was commuted in 1909 as part of a general amnesty for political prisoners. Koi's physical health deteriorated by this time. He rested for two months in his native Striii, where he collected material for a folk narrative about Zmijanje. The short story collection was published in 1910. Austria-Hungary allowed for the formation of a Bosnian Parliament in 1910 due to psychological and death problems. Koi won as a candidate of the Agrarian Party in the district of Banja Luka.Koi was described as being "formally loyal" to the Habsburg crown by a senior Austro-Hungarian official. Koi was branded a "well-known agitator", "extremist", "proselytizing subversive", "fanatical revolutionary", "destructive influence", and "spiritus rector of disaffection" by other officials. Koi moved to Sarajevo to represent his district. He was appointed to the Administrative and Cultural Council. Sudanija, a dialogue based on his prison experiences, was the only one he wrote that he devoted himself to writing. The main subjects of these speeches were the agrarian question and forest rights, both of which disproportionately affected the Bosnian Serb peasantry, Koi's primary constituents, who made up nearly half of Bosnia and Herzegovina's rural population at the time. Koi was one of the two main proponents of agrarian reform in the province.Koi was against the Muslim landowning class. The Muslim landlords were one of the main targets of his speeches. Koi said that people in towns don't pay taxes on the interest they get on their money in the banks nor do the feudal lords pay taxes on the one third they get from the kmets. The Serb peasantry was represented by Koi's movement, which was one of four Bosnian Serb parties. Serb nationalists, pan-Slavic Serbs, and pro-Habsburg Serbs were represented by the other three. Ivo Banac describes Koi's followers as the most uncompromising anti-Austrian Serb nationalists in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Koi and his followers had a close relationship with Mlada Bosna, a South Slav nationalist student movement calling for an end to Austro-Hungarian rule.The strains of politics began to take a toll on Koi's mental health, and he left his position on the Administrative and Cultural Council the following year. The state of his mental health remained poor after he spent months at a resort near Mount Ivan in central Bosnia. During the chaos of World War I and the city's occupation by Austria-Hungary, Koi was admitted to a mental hospital in January 1914. Koi's family has denied that he committed suicide. His wife Milka and daughter Duanka were his survivors. Slobodan was the son of the couple. The New Cemetery is where Koi's remains were buried.Koi's writings were influenced by the Nemanji- Byzantine literary tradition, which was mostly taken up by Serb writers. His stories speak to his social and political beliefs. Serbian epic poetry was one of his primary sources of inspiration. The majority of Koi's works were written west of the Drina. Powerless peasants standing up to the bureaucratic apparatus is a theme that recurs throughout Koi's works. His stories were often satirical in nature and dealt with the everyday hardships faced by the Bosnian Serb peasantry, mocking the Austro-Hungarian administration and pointing out its flaws. They were also patently didactic.The satirical tone, the complaints about the government, the comparisons to the Turkish yoke, do not stand out as particularly exceptional, suggesting in fact rather narrow targets of Koi's critique. He was able to encompass a wide array of grievances in an accessible and entertaining literary form. Koi's peasant characters deviated from the idyllic representations that were prevalent in 19th-century South Slavic literature, and his stories instead depicted rural life as strenuous and hard. Koi was known for his use of word play. In Sudanija, the main character, an uneducated peasant named iko Trubaji, uses a sociolect to refer to the paragraphs in the law code. Koi frequently mocks the Austro-Hungarians for their poor grasp of Serbo-Croatian. He lambasted the authorities for their influence on the Serbo-Croatian language in his speeches.The authority figures who frustrate the Serb powerless peasant's calls for justice are faceless individuals who have trouble understanding the nuances and nuances of Balkan life. "Koi's objections seemed to be against the 'foreign' character of the Habsburg administration," Hajdarpai said. One of the most important Bosnian Serb politicians was Legacy Koi. He was one of Bosnia and Herzegovina's most important playwrights. Young South Slav workers, farmers and intellectuals were inspired by short stories to oppose Austro-Hungarian rule. The writer Ivo Andri was the most notable of them all. The July Crisis and the outbreak of World War I were caused by Koi's cause being taken up by South Slav nationalists.The young revolutionaries learned from Koi's example that Bosnia could not be freed through the law. After the fall of Austria-Hungary and the creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, Koi advocated radical land reforms. The Bosnian Serb peasantry was resented by the Muslim landowning class and this contributed to the genocide of hundreds of thousands of Serbs by the Croatian nationalist Ustae movement during World War II. The appeal of Koi's political statements among Bosnian Serbs extended across the political spectrum. Koi was a hero for Serbian nationalists and communists during World War II. The "Petar Koi" Chetnik Detachment was created under the command of Uro Drenovi. Koi was hailed as an anti-German revolutionary who fought to liberate Bosnia and Herzegovina from foreign domination.During the socialist period, which lasted between 1945 and 1991, Koi's Serb heritage was deliberately downplayed in schoolbooks, and children were taught to regard him as an exclusively Bosnian historical and literary figure. Following the break up of Yugoslavia, Koi's works saw a resurgence in popularity. During the Bosnian War, Koi's likeness was used on the Republika Srpska 5,000 to 500 million dinar notes. His likeness appeared on 100 KM notes issued in Republika Srpska, which became official tender after the Dayton Agreement. In Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro there are streets named after him. The Sarajevo street was renamed during the Bosnian War as part of the central government's plan to reduce the number of city streets named after non-Muslims. The National Library of Republika Srpska was renamed after the war after Banja Luka's central library carried Koi's name.A life-sized statue of the writer is at the center of one of the city's largest parks. Koi's last months were dramatized in a film by Goran Markovi. There is a list of works. Simeuna akaIstiniti tokaGrob slatke dueZulum is a short story collection. Srpska tamparija is a short story collection. Taletova tamparija, Belgrade is a short story collection. Srpska tamparija is a short story collection.References External links Collected works of <mask> Koi.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Trethewey

William Trethewey

William Thomas Trethewey (8 September 1892 – 4 May 1956) was a sculptor and monumental mason from Christchurch, New Zealand. His best known work is the Citizens' War Memorial in Cathedral Square, Christchurch, where the city's annual Anzac Day service is held. Early life Trethewey was born in 1892 in Christchurch. His parents, Mary Wallace and the carpenter Jabez Trethewey, were from Cornwall. They lived in Linwood. He attended Christchurch East School and left school at the age of 13. He trained as a wood carver and studied under Frederick Gurnsey at the Canterbury College School of Art. Family Trethewey married Ivy Louisa Harper (1893–1975) on 24 July 1914, and they had four children together. He cited family and study commitments to avoid military service in World War I. His daughter Pauline was a model for the figure of Peace in his best known work, the Citizens' War Memorial. After their marriage, the couple moved to Wellington, where he attended life-modelling classes under Joseph Ellis. It is said though, that Trethewey was mostly self-educated. He obtained knowledge of anatomy by observing the different muscles while he shaved, and read about the sculpting work of Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Michelangelo and Auguste Rodin. Professional career Inspired by the European sculptors that he read about, Trethewey decided to switch from wood carving to become a monumental mason. With the end of World War I, the need for memorials arose. Trethewey produced 'The Bomb Thrower', in the hope that a local community would buy it as a memorial. It was a highly realistic sculpture of an Anzac soldier about to throw a grenade, with a strained face and a ripped shirt. It did not meet the public's expectation, as most people had an idealistic view of the war. He submitted the sculpture to the annual Canterbury Society of Arts exhibition in 1919 and the piece aroused great interest. The society purchased the sculpture, but lost it. His first commission was a St Andrew's Cross for Elmwood Normal School in the Christchurch suburb of Merivale. It was a memorial for the 154 former Elmwood pupils who had served in the war, and it was unveiled by the Minister of Education, James Parr, on 26 February 1921. Most war memorials were imported mass-produced carvings. Trethewey received only one more commission for a war memorial in those years, from the community in Kaiapoi. The resulting work was a digger on a base which had been prepared by his then business partner Daniel Berry. At the time, the sculpture was judged to personify the Anzac spirit, and the mayor held an enthusiastic speech at the unveiling on 26 April 1922. His next commission was a memorial in Waimate for Margaret Cruickshank, the first registered woman doctor in New Zealand; she had died from the 1918 flu pandemic. Trethewey worked from photos and sculpted a tall statue from a five-ton piece of Carrara marble. The memorial was unveiled in January 1923. Trethewey was paid £800 for this commission. Subsequent works were a bust of Christchurch Hospital benefactor Hyam Marks, a bust of Christchurch Mayor Charles Gray (1853–1918) commissioned by Christchurch City Council, a shearer for the British Empire Exhibition in 1924–1925, and plaster work at the Civic Theatre, next to the then civic offices in Manchester Street. Cook Statue The bookmaker and philanthropist Matthew Barnett (1861–1935) donated a statue of James Cook to the city. Trethewey won a competition and was chosen as the sculptor; this was his biggest commission in his career so far. A 12-ton block of Carrara marble was imported for this work. The sculpture was unveiled on 10 August 1932 in Victoria Square by the Governor-General, Lord Bledisloe, and brought Trethewey much publicity, including coverage on Movietone News. The Cook Statue is registered as a Category II heritage item by Heritage New Zealand. Citizens' War Memorial George Gould (1865–1941) was a successful businessman, farmer and stock breeder. He was a director of The Press from 1903 until his death with one brief interruption. He chaired the board through the years of the Christchurch newspaper war in 1934–1935. His company, Pyne Gould Corporation Limited, is these days listed on the New Zealand Stock Market. After the war, many ideas for a war memorial were put forward. Gould proposed a column opposite the ChristChurch Cathedral and by 1920, this was one of the three dominant proposals. Two of those proposals, the other the Bridge of Remembrance, were eventually adopted, with Gould's idea receiving the support of the Canterbury Anglican elite. While the Bridge of Remembrance was unveiled in 1924, the Christchurch City Council opposed the Cathedral Square proposal and stopped it from going ahead. The argument was that the cathedral would dwarf the memorial, and that the bustling nature of the Square was an inappropriate setting for a place of reflection. In 1933, the Godley Statue was relocated from its position just north of the cathedral to its original location opposite it. Gould seized the opportunity and proposed the vacated site for the memorial, and the Anglican Church as the owner of the land agreed under the condition that a cross be incorporated into the design. Gould promoted the memorial as "an emblem of peace rather than ... war". The manufacturers' association wanted the work to be done locally and put Trethewey's name forward, but the Returned Services' Association opposed this as he had not served in the military during the war. According to Tretheway's son, the sculptor took out a pencil during a lunch break one day, and sketched a possible war memorial. He took the sketch to architect George Hart and from this, they produced the design. The design was accepted in June 1933, after which Trethewey refined it before carving the figures in clay, boxing them up, and forwarding them for casting to Arthur Bryan Burton's Thames Ditton Foundry in Surrey. Trethewey travelled to London and supervised the casting of the bronze figures. The figures, representing Youth, Justice, Peace, Valour and Sacrifice, are based on friends and family of Tretheway; his daughter Pauline modelled for Peace, and his workman, Bob Hampton, modelled for Youth. The Citizens' War Memorial was unveiled on 9 June 1937. According to MacLean and Phillips in The sorrow and the pride: New Zealand war memorials, it is possible to make 'a good case...for it being the finest public monument in the country'. The memorial is registered as a Category I heritage item with the New Zealand Historic Places Trust, and it is the site of the annual Anzac Day service in Christchurch. Later works Trethewey was commissioned to produce a sculpture of Maui Pomare (1875 or 1876–1930), a prominent Māori political figure, which was erected in Waitara in 1936. He produced the statuary for the New Zealand Centennial Exhibition that was held in 1939/40 in Rongotai, Wellington. A frieze depicting the progress of New Zealand, groupings of pioneers, lions in Art Deco style, a large fountain and a figure of Kupe standing on the prow of his canoe were produced for the centennial exhibition. Of all these works, only the Kupe statue still remains. After having spent many decades at Wellington railway station, then the Wellington Show and Sports Centre and finally at Te Papa, the Kupe Group Trust successfully fundraised to have the plaster statue cast in bronze. Since 2000, the bronze statue has been installed at the Wellington Waterfront. Public taste moved away from monumental masonry, and demand for Trethewey's skills waned. A bas-relief for Nelson's cathedral steps was a late commission, but much of Trethewey's energy went into the making of clocks. After World War II, there was no demand for heroic stone memorials. Trethewey passed his company on to his children and grandchildren, and these days Trethewey Artisan Stone is a major supplier of stone kitchen bench tops in the South Island. Death Having been a heavy smoker and having worked in stone dust environments, Trethewey developed emphysema. He died on 4 May 1956 in Christchurch. He was buried on 7 May at Bromley Cemetery. His wife died in 1975. The family grave holds William and Ivy Trethewey, and his parents, Jabez (1851–1935) and Mary (1855–1944). See also Citizens' War Memorial References External links Kaiapoi war memorial Trethewey Artisan Stone 1892 births 1956 deaths People from Christchurch Burials at Bromley Cemetery New Zealand people of Cornish descent 20th-century New Zealand sculptors

<mask> (8 September 1892 – 4 May 1956) was a sculptor and monumental mason from Christchurch, New Zealand. His best known work is the Citizens' War Memorial in Cathedral Square, Christchurch, where the city's annual Anzac Day service is held. Early life Trethewey was born in 1892 in Christchurch. His parents, Mary Wallace and the carpenter <mask>, were from Cornwall. They lived in Linwood. He attended Christchurch East School and left school at the age of 13. He trained as a wood carver and studied under Frederick Gurnsey at the Canterbury College School of Art.Family Trethewey married Ivy Louisa Harper (1893–1975) on 24 July 1914, and they had four children together. He cited family and study commitments to avoid military service in World War I. His daughter Pauline was a model for the figure of Peace in his best known work, the Citizens' War Memorial. After their marriage, the couple moved to Wellington, where he attended life-modelling classes under Joseph Ellis. It is said though, that Trethewey was mostly self-educated. He obtained knowledge of anatomy by observing the different muscles while he shaved, and read about the sculpting work of Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Michelangelo and Auguste Rodin. Professional career Inspired by the European sculptors that he read about, Trethewey decided to switch from wood carving to become a monumental mason.With the end of World War I, the need for memorials arose. Trethewey produced 'The Bomb Thrower', in the hope that a local community would buy it as a memorial. It was a highly realistic sculpture of an Anzac soldier about to throw a grenade, with a strained face and a ripped shirt. It did not meet the public's expectation, as most people had an idealistic view of the war. He submitted the sculpture to the annual Canterbury Society of Arts exhibition in 1919 and the piece aroused great interest. The society purchased the sculpture, but lost it. His first commission was a St Andrew's Cross for Elmwood Normal School in the Christchurch suburb of Merivale.It was a memorial for the 154 former Elmwood pupils who had served in the war, and it was unveiled by the Minister of Education, James Parr, on 26 February 1921. Most war memorials were imported mass-produced carvings. Trethewey received only one more commission for a war memorial in those years, from the community in Kaiapoi. The resulting work was a digger on a base which had been prepared by his then business partner Daniel Berry. At the time, the sculpture was judged to personify the Anzac spirit, and the mayor held an enthusiastic speech at the unveiling on 26 April 1922. His next commission was a memorial in Waimate for Margaret Cruickshank, the first registered woman doctor in New Zealand; she had died from the 1918 flu pandemic. Trethewey worked from photos and sculpted a tall statue from a five-ton piece of Carrara marble.The memorial was unveiled in January 1923. Trethewey was paid £800 for this commission. Subsequent works were a bust of Christchurch Hospital benefactor Hyam Marks, a bust of Christchurch Mayor Charles Gray (1853–1918) commissioned by Christchurch City Council, a shearer for the British Empire Exhibition in 1924–1925, and plaster work at the Civic Theatre, next to the then civic offices in Manchester Street. Cook Statue The bookmaker and philanthropist Matthew Barnett (1861–1935) donated a statue of James Cook to the city. Trethewey won a competition and was chosen as the sculptor; this was his biggest commission in his career so far. A 12-ton block of Carrara marble was imported for this work. The sculpture was unveiled on 10 August 1932 in Victoria Square by the Governor-General, Lord Bledisloe, and brought Trethewey much publicity, including coverage on Movietone News.The Cook Statue is registered as a Category II heritage item by Heritage New Zealand. Citizens' War Memorial George Gould (1865–1941) was a successful businessman, farmer and stock breeder. He was a director of The Press from 1903 until his death with one brief interruption. He chaired the board through the years of the Christchurch newspaper war in 1934–1935. His company, Pyne Gould Corporation Limited, is these days listed on the New Zealand Stock Market. After the war, many ideas for a war memorial were put forward. Gould proposed a column opposite the ChristChurch Cathedral and by 1920, this was one of the three dominant proposals.Two of those proposals, the other the Bridge of Remembrance, were eventually adopted, with Gould's idea receiving the support of the Canterbury Anglican elite. While the Bridge of Remembrance was unveiled in 1924, the Christchurch City Council opposed the Cathedral Square proposal and stopped it from going ahead. The argument was that the cathedral would dwarf the memorial, and that the bustling nature of the Square was an inappropriate setting for a place of reflection. In 1933, the Godley Statue was relocated from its position just north of the cathedral to its original location opposite it. Gould seized the opportunity and proposed the vacated site for the memorial, and the Anglican Church as the owner of the land agreed under the condition that a cross be incorporated into the design. Gould promoted the memorial as "an emblem of peace rather than ... war". The manufacturers' association wanted the work to be done locally and put Trethewey's name forward, but the Returned Services' Association opposed this as he had not served in the military during the war.According to Tretheway's son, the sculptor took out a pencil during a lunch break one day, and sketched a possible war memorial. He took the sketch to architect George Hart and from this, they produced the design. The design was accepted in June 1933, after which Trethewey refined it before carving the figures in clay, boxing them up, and forwarding them for casting to Arthur Bryan Burton's Thames Ditton Foundry in Surrey. Trethewey travelled to London and supervised the casting of the bronze figures. The figures, representing Youth, Justice, Peace, Valour and Sacrifice, are based on friends and family of Tretheway; his daughter Pauline modelled for Peace, and his workman, Bob Hampton, modelled for Youth. The Citizens' War Memorial was unveiled on 9 June 1937. According to MacLean and Phillips in The sorrow and the pride: New Zealand war memorials, it is possible to make 'a good case...for it being the finest public monument in the country'.The memorial is registered as a Category I heritage item with the New Zealand Historic Places Trust, and it is the site of the annual Anzac Day service in Christchurch. Later works <mask> was commissioned to produce a sculpture of Maui Pomare (1875 or 1876–1930), a prominent Māori political figure, which was erected in Waitara in 1936. He produced the statuary for the New Zealand Centennial Exhibition that was held in 1939/40 in Rongotai, Wellington. A frieze depicting the progress of New Zealand, groupings of pioneers, lions in Art Deco style, a large fountain and a figure of Kupe standing on the prow of his canoe were produced for the centennial exhibition. Of all these works, only the Kupe statue still remains. After having spent many decades at Wellington railway station, then the Wellington Show and Sports Centre and finally at Te Papa, the Kupe Group Trust successfully fundraised to have the plaster statue cast in bronze. Since 2000, the bronze statue has been installed at the Wellington Waterfront.Public taste moved away from monumental masonry, and demand for Trethewey's skills waned. A bas-relief for Nelson's cathedral steps was a late commission, but much of Trethewey's energy went into the making of clocks. After World War II, there was no demand for heroic stone memorials. Trethewey passed his company on to his children and grandchildren, and these days Trethewey Artisan Stone is a major supplier of stone kitchen bench tops in the South Island. Death Having been a heavy smoker and having worked in stone dust environments, Trethewey developed emphysema. He died on 4 May 1956 in Christchurch. He was buried on 7 May at Bromley Cemetery.His wife died in 1975. The family grave holds <mask> and <mask>, and his parents, Jabez (1851–1935) and Mary (1855–1944). See also Citizens' War Memorial References External links Kaiapoi war memorial Trethewey Artisan Stone 1892 births 1956 deaths People from Christchurch Burials at Bromley Cemetery New Zealand people of Cornish descent 20th-century New Zealand sculptors

<mask> was a sculptor and monumental mason from New Zealand. The Citizens' War Memorial in Cathedral Square is his best known work. He was born in New Zealand in 1892. His parents were from Cornwall. They lived in the area. At the age of 13, he left school. He trained as a wood carver and studied under Frederick Gurnsey.The family had four children together, and they were married on July 24, 1914. He avoided military service in World War I because of his family and study commitments. His daughter was a model for Peace in the Citizens' War Memorial. He attended life-modelling classes in Wellington after his marriage. It is said that he was mostly self-educated. He read about the sculpting work of Michelangelo and Auguste Rodin after observing the different muscles while he shaved. He decided to become a monumental mason after reading about European sculptors.There was a need for memorial after the end of World War I. 'The Bomb Thrower' was produced in the hopes that a local community would buy it as a memorial. A soldier with a strained face and a ripped shirt is about to throw a grenade. Most people had an idealistic view of the war and it did not meet the public's expectations. The piece aroused great interest when it was submitted to the annual Canterbury Society of Arts exhibition in 1919. The sculpture was lost by the society. His first commission was a St Andrew's Cross for a school.On February 26, 1921, the Minister of Education, James Parr, unveiled the memorial for the 154 former Elmwood pupils who had served in the war. Most war memorial carvings were mass-produced. The community in Kaiapoi gave one more commission for a war memorial. Daniel Berry was his business partner and he prepared the base for the work. The sculpture was unveiled on April 26, 1922, and the mayor held an enthusiastic speech. Margaret was the first registered woman doctor in New Zealand when she died from the 1918 flu epidemic. The statue was sculpted from a five-ton piece of marble.January 1923 is when the memorial was unveiled. He was paid £800 for this commission. The civic offices in Manchester were next to the Civic Theatre where plaster work was done on a bust of Charles Gray, a shearer for the British Empire Exhibition. Matthew Barnett donated a statue of James Cook to the city. His biggest commission to date was when he won a competition and was chosen as the sculptor. A 12-ton block of marble was imported. On August 10, 1932, the sculpture was unveiled in Victoria Square by the Governor-General, Lord Bledisloe.The Cook Statue is a heritage item. George Gould was a successful businessman and farmer. He was the director of The Press from 1903 until his death. He chaired the board during the newspaper war. Pyne Gould Corporation is listed on the New Zealand Stock Market. There were many ideas for a war memorial after the war. One of the three dominant proposals was Gould's proposal to build a column opposite the ChristChurch Cathedral.Gould's idea received the support of the Anglican elite, which eventually adopted two of the proposals. The Bridge of Remembrance was unveiled in 1924, but the Cathedral Square proposal was stopped by the city council. The argument was that the cathedral would dwarf the memorial, and that the bustling nature of the Square was an inappropriate setting for a place of reflection. The Godley Statue was relocated in 1933 to its current location opposite the cathedral. Gould proposed the site for the memorial as the owner of the land agreed to include a cross in the design. Gould said the memorial was an emblem of peace. The Returned Services' Association objected to the work being done locally as he had not served in the military during the war.One day, the sculptor took out a pencil and sketched a war memorial. George Hart produced the design after he took the sketch to him. The design was accepted in June 1933, after which Trethewey refined it, carving the figures in clay, and forwarding them for casting to Arthur Bryan Burton's Thames Ditton Foundry. The bronze figures were cast in London. The figures are based on friends and family of Tretheway, as well as his daughter and workman. The Citizens' War Memorial was unveiled in 1937. It is possible to make a good case that the New Zealand war memorial is the finest public monument in the country.The memorial is registered as a heritage item by the New Zealand Historic Places Trust and is the site of the annual Anzac Day service. A sculpture of Maui Pomare, a prominent Mori political figure, was erected in Waitara in 1936. He created the statuary for the New Zealand Centennial exhibition. A frieze depicting the progress of New Zealand, groupings of pioneers, lions in Art Deco style, a large fountain and a figure of Kupe standing on the prow of his canoe were produced for the centennial exhibition. The only statue that remains is the Kupe statue. After spending many decades at Wellington railway station, the Wellington Show and Sports Centre and finally at Te Papa, the Kupe Group Trust was able to raise enough money to have a plaster statue cast in bronze. The Wellington Waterfront has a bronze statue.Demand for Trethewey's skills waned as public taste moved away from monumental masonry. A bas-relief for Nelson's cathedral steps was a late commission, but much of the energy went into the making of clocks. There was no demand for stone monuments after World War II. A major supplier of stone kitchen bench tops in the South Island is Trethewey Artisan Stone, which was passed on to his children and grandchildren. Having been 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He died in New Zealand. He was buried on May 7.His wife passed away in 1975. The family grave holds <mask> and Ivy and their parents. The Kaiapoi war memorial has links to External links.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norm%20Sherry

Norm Sherry

Norman Burt Sherry (July 16, 1931 – March 8, 2021) was an American baseball catcher, manager, and coach who played five seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB). He played for the Los Angeles Dodgers and New York Mets from 1959 to 1963. He batted and threw right-handed, and was noted for helping Sandy Koufax with his pitching control. Sherry went on to coach and manage the California Angels, and also served as coach of the Montreal Expos, San Diego Padres, and San Francisco Giants. Early life Sherry was born in New York City on July 16, 1931. He was the second of four sons of Harry Scharaga Sherry and Mildred "Minnie" (Walman) Sherry. His father worked in the dry cleaning business, while his mother was employed as a seamstress and milliner. Both sides of the family were Jewish immigrants from Russia, and his maternal great-grandfather was a rabbi. The families escaped separately from anti-semitic pogroms. Some of his relatives who settled in Europe were killed in the Holocaust. His paternal grandparents, Max and Sarah Scharaga, came to the United States in 1898, and around 1920 his father changed their surname to Sherry. The Sherry family moved to Los Angeles during the early 1930s. Sherry attended Fairfax High School, graduating in 1950. He was initially intending to study at the University of Southern California, having been awarded a full baseball scholarship. He was signed as an amateur free agent by the Brooklyn Dodgers before the 1950 season. His brother Larry Sherry also played in Major League Baseball (MLB). Professional career A right-handed hitter who stood tall and weighed , Sherry spent seven years working his way up through the Dodger farm system. He spent another two years in military service with the US Army in the 4th Infantry Division. By the time he reached the Dodgers, in 1959 for a two-game "cup of coffee," he was 28 years of age and the team had moved to his home city of Los Angeles. He made the team as second-string backstop (behind John Roseboro) from 1960 through 1962. In 1961, Sherry's advice contributed to the career turnaround of left-handed pitcher Sandy Koufax, who later became the youngest player elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame at age 36. Sherry and Koufax were the Dodger battery against the Minnesota Twins in a spring training game in Orlando, Florida, and Koufax was struggling with his control, up to then a career-long problem. After Koufax had walked the first three hitters he faced, Sherry went out to the mound and said: "'Why don’t you take something off the ball and just put it in there? Don’t try to throw it so hard. Just put it in there and let them hit it.' I went back behind the plate. Good God! He tried to ease up, and he was throwing harder than when he tried to. We came off the field, and I said, 'Sandy, I don’t know if you realize it, but you just now threw harder than when you were trying to.'" As for Sherry, he batted .283 with eight home runs in a part-time role in 1960, His average dropped to .256 (1961), and then to .182 (1962). The Dodgers sold Sherry's contract to the New York Mets on October 14, 1962. He batted only .136 in a career-high 63 games played (and 147 at-bats) in New York in 1963, and his major league playing career ended. All told, in 194 games over parts of five seasons, Sherry batted .215 with 18 home runs, and .288 with runners in scoring position. He collected 107 total hits. Manager and coach In 1965, Sherry began his managerial career in the Dodger organization, scouted for a year with the New York Yankees, and returned to managing in the California Angels' system in 1969. He coached for the Angels in 1970 and 1971 under skipper Lefty Phillips, and returned to the minor leagues to manage their Double-A and Triple-A affiliates from 1972 through 1975 before rejoining the California coaching staff for 1976 under Dick Williams. Williams had been extremely successful in his previous terms with the Boston Red Sox and Oakland Athletics, but his cold and hard-edged demeanor did not go over well with a losing Angels club. The Halos were 18 games under the .500 mark on July 23, 1976, when Williams was given his walking papers. Sherry, named his replacement, salvaged the season somewhat with a 37–29 record as skipper. That winter, the Angels signed high-profile free agents such as Bobby Grich and Joe Rudi and expected to contend in the American League West in 1977. But the team struggled and was only 39–42 and in 5th place on July 11 when Sherry was released in favor of his third-base coach, Dave Garcia. The firing marked the end of his major league managing career, with a career ledger of 76 wins and 71 defeats (.517). Through 2018, he was one of nine Jewish managers in MLB history. The others were Gabe Kapler, Bob Melvin, Brad Ausmus, Jeff Newman, Lou Boudreau, Lipman Pike, Larry Rothschild and Lefty Phillips. However, Sherry returned to the coaching ranks, ultimately as an "official" pitching coach, working with Williams with the Montreal Expos and San Diego Padres, and with another ex-Dodger, Roger Craig, with the San Francisco Giants. Sherry's brothers, George and Larry Sherry, were pitchers in professional baseball. Larry had a 11-season MLB career as a relief pitcher and was the Most Valuable Player of the 1959 World Series; he was Norm's teammate from 1959 through 1962, and on May 7, 1960, they became the first Jewish brothers to be Major League Baseball batterymates. Later life After retiring from baseball, Sherry returned to San Diego. He underwent open heart surgery in November 1978, and had a heart attack less than three years later in March 1981. He was inducted into the Southern California Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 1994. Sherry addressed the San Diego Jewish Film Festival as a guest speaker when it screened Jews and Baseball: An American Love Story in February 2011. He often went to Padres games, and was present in 2014 for the 30th anniversary celebration of the team's first championship. Sherry died on March 8, 2021, at an assisted living facility in San Juan Capistrano, California. He was 89, and died of natural causes. See also List of select Jewish baseball players References External links 1931 births 2021 deaths American expatriate baseball people in Canada American people of Russian-Jewish descent Baseball players from New York (state) Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players California Angels coaches California Angels managers California Angels scouts Fairfax High School (Los Angeles) alumni Fort Worth Cats players Jewish American baseball coaches Jewish American baseball managers Jewish American baseball players Jewish Major League Baseball players Los Angeles Dodgers players Major League Baseball catchers Major League Baseball pitching coaches Major League Baseball third base coaches Minor league baseball managers Montreal Expos coaches New York Mets players New York Yankees scouts Newport News Dodgers players St. Paul Saints (AA) players San Diego Padres coaches San Francisco Giants coaches Santa Barbara Dodgers players Shreveport Captains players Spokane Indians players Sportspeople from Brooklyn United States Army soldiers American expatriate baseball players in the Dominican Republic 21st-century American Jews

<mask> (July 16, 1931 – March 8, 2021) was an American baseball catcher, manager, and coach who played five seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB). He played for the Los Angeles Dodgers and New York Mets from 1959 to 1963. He batted and threw right-handed, and was noted for helping Sandy Koufax with his pitching control. <mask> went on to coach and manage the California Angels, and also served as coach of the Montreal Expos, San Diego Padres, and San Francisco Giants. Early life <mask> was born in New York City on July 16, 1931. He was the second of four sons of <mask> and Mildred "Minnie" (Walman) <mask>. His father worked in the dry cleaning business, while his mother was employed as a seamstress and milliner.Both sides of the family were Jewish immigrants from Russia, and his maternal great-grandfather was a rabbi. The families escaped separately from anti-semitic pogroms. Some of his relatives who settled in Europe were killed in the Holocaust. His paternal grandparents, Max and Sarah Scharaga, came to the United States in 1898, and around 1920 his father changed their surname to <mask>. The <mask> family moved to Los Angeles during the early 1930s. <mask> attended Fairfax High School, graduating in 1950. He was initially intending to study at the University of Southern California, having been awarded a full baseball scholarship.He was signed as an amateur free agent by the Brooklyn Dodgers before the 1950 season. His brother <mask> also played in Major League Baseball (MLB). Professional career A right-handed hitter who stood tall and weighed , Sherry spent seven years working his way up through the Dodger farm system. He spent another two years in military service with the US Army in the 4th Infantry Division. By the time he reached the Dodgers, in 1959 for a two-game "cup of coffee," he was 28 years of age and the team had moved to his home city of Los Angeles. He made the team as second-string backstop (behind John Roseboro) from 1960 through 1962. In 1961, <mask>'s advice contributed to the career turnaround of left-handed pitcher Sandy Koufax, who later became the youngest player elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame at age 36.<mask> and Koufax were the Dodger battery against the Minnesota Twins in a spring training game in Orlando, Florida, and Koufax was struggling with his control, up to then a career-long problem. After Koufax had walked the first three hitters he faced, <mask> went out to the mound and said: "'Why don’t you take something off the ball and just put it in there? Don’t try to throw it so hard. Just put it in there and let them hit it.' I went back behind the plate. Good God! He tried to ease up, and he was throwing harder than when he tried to.We came off the field, and I said, 'Sandy, I don’t know if you realize it, but you just now threw harder than when you were trying to.'" As for <mask>, he batted .283 with eight home runs in a part-time role in 1960, His average dropped to .256 (1961), and then to .182 (1962). The Dodgers sold <mask>'s contract to the New York Mets on October 14, 1962. He batted only .136 in a career-high 63 games played (and 147 at-bats) in New York in 1963, and his major league playing career ended. All told, in 194 games over parts of five seasons, <mask> batted .215 with 18 home runs, and .288 with runners in scoring position. He collected 107 total hits. Manager and coach In 1965, <mask> began his managerial career in the Dodger organization, scouted for a year with the New York Yankees, and returned to managing in the California Angels' system in 1969.He coached for the Angels in 1970 and 1971 under skipper Lefty Phillips, and returned to the minor leagues to manage their Double-A and Triple-A affiliates from 1972 through 1975 before rejoining the California coaching staff for 1976 under Dick Williams. Williams had been extremely successful in his previous terms with the Boston Red Sox and Oakland Athletics, but his cold and hard-edged demeanor did not go over well with a losing Angels club. The Halos were 18 games under the .500 mark on July 23, 1976, when Williams was given his walking papers. <mask>, named his replacement, salvaged the season somewhat with a 37–29 record as skipper. That winter, the Angels signed high-profile free agents such as Bobby Grich and Joe Rudi and expected to contend in the American League West in 1977. But the team struggled and was only 39–42 and in 5th place on July 11 when <mask> was released in favor of his third-base coach, Dave Garcia. The firing marked the end of his major league managing career, with a career ledger of 76 wins and 71 defeats (.517).Through 2018, he was one of nine Jewish managers in MLB history. The others were Gabe Kapler, Bob Melvin, Brad Ausmus, Jeff Newman, Lou Boudreau, Lipman Pike, Larry Rothschild and Lefty Phillips. However, <mask> returned to the coaching ranks, ultimately as an "official" pitching coach, working with Williams with the Montreal Expos and San Diego Padres, and with another ex-Dodger, Roger Craig, with the San Francisco Giants. <mask>'s brothers, George and <mask>, were pitchers in professional baseball. Larry had a 11-season MLB career as a relief pitcher and was the Most Valuable Player of the 1959 World Series; he was <mask>'s teammate from 1959 through 1962, and on May 7, 1960, they became the first Jewish brothers to be Major League Baseball batterymates. Later life After retiring from baseball, <mask> returned to San Diego. He underwent open heart surgery in November 1978, and had a heart attack less than three years later in March 1981.He was inducted into the Southern California Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 1994. <mask> addressed the San Diego Jewish Film Festival as a guest speaker when it screened Jews and Baseball: An American Love Story in February 2011. He often went to Padres games, and was present in 2014 for the 30th anniversary celebration of the team's first championship. <mask> died on March 8, 2021, at an assisted living facility in San Juan Capistrano, California. He was 89, and died of natural causes. See also List of select Jewish baseball players References External links 1931 births 2021 deaths American expatriate baseball people in Canada American people of Russian-Jewish descent Baseball players from New York (state) Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players California Angels coaches California Angels managers California Angels scouts Fairfax High School (Los Angeles) alumni Fort Worth Cats players Jewish American baseball coaches Jewish American baseball managers Jewish American baseball players Jewish Major League Baseball players Los Angeles Dodgers players Major League Baseball catchers Major League Baseball pitching coaches Major League Baseball third base coaches Minor league baseball managers Montreal Expos coaches New York Mets players New York Yankees scouts Newport News Dodgers players St. Paul Saints (AA) players San Diego Padres coaches San Francisco Giants coaches Santa Barbara Dodgers players Shreveport Captains players Spokane Indians players Sportspeople from Brooklyn United States Army soldiers American expatriate baseball players in the Dominican Republic 21st-century American Jews

<mask> was an American baseball catcher, manager, and coach who played five seasons in Major League Baseball. He played for the Dodgers and Mets. He helped Sandy Koufax with his pitching control by batting and throwing right-handed. <mask> went on to coach and manage the California Angels, as well as serve as coach of the San Diego Padres and San Francisco Giants. <mask> was born in New York City in 1931. He was the son of Harry and <mask>. His father and mother both worked in the dry cleaning business.His maternal great-grandfather was a rabbi, and both sides of the family were Jewish immigrants from Russia. The families escaped from the pogroms. Some of his relatives were killed in the Holocaust. His paternal grandparents came to the United States in 1898 and his father changed his name to <mask> around 1920. The <mask> family moved to Los Angeles in the early 1930s. <mask> graduated from Fairfax High School in 1950. He had been awarded a full baseball scholarship and was going to study at the University of Southern California.He was an amateur free agent when he was signed by the Brooklyn Dodgers. <mask> played in the MLB. Sherry was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He served in the US Army for two more years. When he got to the Dodgers in 1959 for a two-game "cup of coffee," he was 28 years old and the team had moved to Los Angeles. He was a backup backstop on the team from 1960 through 1962. Sandy Koufax was the youngest player to be elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame when he was 36 years old.In a spring training game against the Minnesota Twins in Florida, <mask> and Koufax were the Dodgers' battery and they were struggling with their control. <mask> went out to the mound and said, "'Why don't you take something off the ball and just put it in there?'" Don't try to throw it hard. Let them hit it if you put it in there. I went back to the plate. Good God! He was throwing harder when he tried to ease up.I said to Sandy, "I don't know if you realize it, but you just threw harder than when you were trying to." <mask> had a.283 batting average with eight home runs in a part-time role in 1960, but his average dropped to.252 in 1961, and then to.182 in 1962. The Dodgers sold <mask>'s contract to the Mets. His major league playing career ended after he hit.136 in 63 games in New York in 1963. <mask> was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He had over 100 total hits. In 1965, Sherry began his managerial career in the Dodger organization, scouting for a year with the New York Yankees, and returning to managing in the California Angels' system in 1969.He managed the Double-A and Triple-A affiliates from 1972 through 1975 before rejoining the California coaching staff for 1976 under Dick Williams. The cold and hard-edged demeanor of Williams did not go well with the losing Angels club. On July 23, 1976, when Williams was given his walking papers, the Halos were 18 games under the.500 mark. <mask> salvaged the season with a 37–29 record as skipper. The Angels were expected to contend in the American League West in 1977. The team struggled and was only 39–42 and in 5th place on July 11 when <mask> was released. His major league managing career ended with the firing, with a record of 76 wins and 71 defeats.He was one of nine Jewish managers in MLB history. The others were Larry Rothschild and LeftyPhillips. <mask> returned to the coaching ranks as an official pitching coach, working with Williams and another ex-Dodger, Roger Craig, with the San Francisco Giants. George and <mask> were pitchers. <mask> and Larry became the first Jewish brothers to play in Major League Baseball on May 7, 1960. <mask> returned to San Diego after retiring from baseball. He had open heart surgery in 1978 and had a heart attack three years later.He was a member of the Southern California Jewish Sports Hall of Fame. <mask> was a guest speaker at the San Diego Jewish Film Festival when it screened Jews and Baseball: An American Love Story. He was present for the 30th anniversary celebration of the team's first championship and often went to Padres games. <mask> died at an assisted living facility in San Juan Capistrano, California. He died of natural causes. The list of Jewish baseball players has links to External links.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chii%20Tomiya

Chii Tomiya

is a Japanese professional wrestler, best known for her work in the Ice Ribbon promotion. Trained by Emi Sakura, Tomiya made her debut for Ice Ribbon in October 2008 and during the next three years went on to become a one-time International Ribbon Tag Team and Internet Wrestling 19 Champion, while also holding DDT Pro-Wrestling's Ironman Heavymetalweight Championship once. In August 2011, Tomiya left Ice Ribbon and became a freelancer, adopting the new ring name in the process. As a freelancer, she would most notably work for the Reina X World promotion, where she wrestled as the masked character . In September 2013, she signed with the new World Pro-Wrestling Association (WPA) promotion, adopting the new ring name Akubi in the process. Standing at only , she is one of the shortest wrestlers in all of puroresu. Professional wrestling career Ice Ribbon (2008–2011) On September 11, 2008, Tomiya moved from her hometown of Utsunomiya, Tochigi to Tokyo to begin training professional wrestling under Emi Sakura. Sakura gave her the ring name Chii Tomiya by combining the Japanese word , which indicates smallness or quickness, with the name of her hometown . After less than a month of training, Tomiya made her debut for Sakura's Ice Ribbon promotion on October 7, losing to her trainer 3–0 in a five-minute exhibition match. Tomiya made her "official" debut on October 18, losing to Yuki Ueda. For the first months of her career, Tomiya wrestled several matches against Makoto, always ending up on the losing side. Finally, on January 18, 2009, Tomiya picked up her first win, pinning Yuki Ueda in a tag team match, where she teamed with Minori Makiba and Ueda with Yoshiko Tamura. On February 7, Tomiya faced one of her idols, NEO Japan Ladies Pro Wrestling representative Tanny Mouse, in a losing effort. The match eventually led to a partnership between the two. On March 22, Tomiya made her debut for NEO Japan Ladies Pro Wrestling, during which she won her first championship, when she surprised Tanny Mouse and pinned her after a match to win DDT Pro-Wrestling's Ironman Heavymetalweight Championship, taking advantage of the title's rule, where a champion could be pinned anytime, anywhere. She would lose the title to Cherry later that same day. On June 3, Tomiya defeated nine other wrestlers to win a battle royal, her first accomplishment in Ice Ribbon. During 2009, Tomiya continued regularly wrestling Makoto, including losing to her on August 5 in a match to determine the number one contender to Ice Ribbon's top title, the ICE×60 Championship. Tomiya would eventually receive her first shot at the title on October 23, but was defeated by defending champion Emi Sakura. On November 14, Tomiya formed the tag team named Miniature Dachs with Riho, with the two defeating Hikari Minami and Mai Ichii in their first match together. As a sign of her growing status in Ice Ribbon, on January 16, 2010, Tomiya was chosen as the exhibition opponent for two debuting wrestlers, Kurumi and Tsukushi, both of whom would join Ice Ribbon full-time later in the year. On January 23, Tomiya and Riho were defeated by Miyako Matsumoto and Nanae Takahashi in a hardcore match, a match type rarely used in Ice Ribbon. While the match signaled the end of Tomiya's partnership with Riho, it was only the beginning of a storyline rivalry between Tomiya and Miyako Matsumoto. On June 17, Tomiya unsuccessfully challenged Matsumoto for the Triangle Ribbon Championship in a three-way match, which also included Tsukasa Fujimoto. On July 14 and 17, Tomiya scored back-to-back singles match victories over Matsumoto and her new tag team partner, deathmatch wrestler Jun Kasai. The victories led to a match on July 19, where Tomiya teamed with JWP Joshi Puroresu wrestler Command Bolshoi to unsuccessfully challenge Matsumoto and Kasai for the International Ribbon Tag Team Championship. Afterwards, Tomiya recruited deathmatch wrestler Isami Kodaka as her new tag team partner, and on August 7, the two defeated Matsumoto and Kasai to become the new International Ribbon Tag Team Champions. They would go on to lose the title to Gentaro and Mai Ichii on September 23. On October 30, Tomiya unsuccessfully challenged former partner Command Bolshoi for the ICE×60 Championship. On November 12, Tomiya, along with Emi Sakura, Hikaru Shida, Makoto, Sayaka Obihiro and Tsukasa Fujimoto, made an appearance at a press conference held by Smash to promote Sakura's upcoming debut for the promotion. The following month in Ice Ribbon, Tomiya began regularly teaming with former rival Makoto. On December 24, Tomiya made her debut for Smash at Happening Eve, where she teamed with Hikari Minami and Kushida in a six-person tag team match, where they were defeated by Isami Kodaka, Makoto and Yusuke Kodama. On January 4, 2011, Tomiya went through a complete character overhaul, debuting a new look, which included a black and blue two-piece outfit, a new entrance theme and the nickname "Black & Black", with Tomiya now becoming a full-blown villain. On January 15, Tomiya, along with Hikari Minami, Kurumi and Tsukushi became a part of Makoto's new Heisei YTR stable. After pinning ICE×60, International Ribbon Tag Team and Triangle Ribbon Champion Tsukasa Fujimoto in a non-title match on February 16, Tomiya was granted a shot at the ICE×60 Championship seven days later, but was again unsuccessful in her challenge. On March 21, Tomiya ended her long rivalry with Miyako Matsumoto, when she and Kazuhiko Ogasawara were defeated in a hardcore match by Matsumoto and Jun Kasai. On May 5 at Golden Ribbon 2011, Tomiya unsuccessfully challenged Sendai Girls' Pro Wrestling representative Kagetsu for the JWP Junior and Princess of Pro-Wrestling Championships. Eight days later, Tomiya unsuccessfully challenged Tsukushi for the Internet Wrestling 19 (IW19) Championship at an 19 O'Clock Girls ProWrestling event. After Hikari Minami became the new IW19 Champion, she offered Tomiya another shot at the title, which led to a match on June 1 at 19 O'Clock Girls ProWrestlings first anniversary event, where Tomiya defeated her to become the third IW19 Champion. Afterwards, Tomiya named her friend Makoto her first challenger for the title, which led to the two agreeing to a "best of nine" series. However, the series had to be cancelled, when Makoto was on June 8 sidelined with a neck injury. Instead, Tomiya went on to make her first defense on June 24, defeating Hikaru Shida. On July 2, Tomiya defeated Mochi Miyagi in the finals of a four-woman tournament to earn the right to represent Ice Ribbon in Smash's Diva Championship tournament. Five days later, Tomiya returned to Smash, confronting her first round opponent, Makoto, at a press conference and accusing her of turning her back on Ice Ribbon in favor of Smash. On July 15 at Smash.19, Tomiya was eliminated from the Smash Diva Championship tournament by Makoto. Back in Ice Ribbon, on July 22, an IW19 Championship match between Tomiya and Makoto ended in a nineteen-minute time limit draw. While the rules of the IW19 Championship stated that the champion retains the title in the event of a time limit draw, Tomiya instead chose to vacate the title afterwards. The reason for this was revealed the following month, when Tomiya announced that she, like Makoto, had decided to leave Ice Ribbon and try to broaden her capabilities as a professional wrestler by turning into a freelancer and opening doors to other promotions. Tomiya wrestled her final Ice Ribbon match on August 28, when she unsuccessfully challenged Hikari Minami for the ICE×60 Championship. Freelancing (2011–2013) After leaving Ice Ribbon and becoming a freelancer, Tomiya dropped her old ring name out of respect towards Emi Sakura and her former home promotion, and adopted the new ring name "Micro". She made her first appearance as Micro on September 4, 2011, at an event held by the Happy Hour!! promotion, where she faced Keiko Aono in a losing effort. On September 11, Micro made her debut for the JWP promotion, teaming with Leon in a tag team match, where they were defeated by Kazuki and Sachie Abe. Later that same day, Micro appeared at a press conference, where she announced Pro Wrestling Wallaby as her new home promotion. On October 10, Micro made an appearance at a special JWP event, produced by Kaori Yoneyama, where she, working under the ring name "Micro Yoneyama", teamed with Bolshoi Yoneyama and Rabbit Yoneyama to defeat Jaiko Ishikawa in a three-on-one handicap match. Later that same event, Micro took part in a battle royal for the World Cosplay Championship, which was won by Misaki Ohata. On November 13, Micro wrestled her first singles match for JWP, defeating Moon Mizuki. On December 29, Micro faced Makoto at a Mr. Gannosuke-produced event in an "Ice Ribbon Alumni Showdown", which was won by Makoto. On January 9, 2012, Micro returned to JWP, defeating masu-me in a singles match. Six days later, Micro made her debut for the Osaka Joshi Pro Wrestling promotion, unsuccessfully challenging Sawako Shimono for the JWP Junior and Princess of Pro-Wrestling Championships. On April 20, Pro Wrestling Wallaby publicly fired Micro for "unprofessional behaviour" and "inappropriate remarks". On June 17, Micro returned to JWP, unsuccessfully challenging Rabbit Miu for the JWP Junior and Princess of Pro-Wrestling Championships. On July 7, Micro made her debut for Reina X World, when she teamed with Puchi Tomato in a tag team match, where they were defeated by Arisa Nakajima and Manami Katsu. At the promotion's following event on July 16, Micro defeated Tomato in what was billed as a "tryout" match. At Reina X World's event on August 26, Micro worked under a mask, similar to that of Puchi Tomato, and the ring name Mini Tomato in a match, where she defeated Charlie Simone Aussie. On September 9, Micro, as Mini Tomato, main evented her first Reina X World event, where she and Aki Kanbayashi defeated Leon and Manami Katsu. World Pro-Wrestling Association (2013–present) In February 2013, Micro, along with all other Japanese wrestlers affiliated with Reina X World, left the promotion. On September 20, the group announced they were forming a new promotion, named World Pro-Wrestling Association (WPA). At the promotion's inaugural event on December 31, Micro debuted under the new ring name Akubi (Japanese for yawn; written in Roman alphabets and stylized in all capital letters), pinning Bambi in a tag team match, where she and La Malcriada defeated Bambi and Tsubasa Kuragaki. She continued using the ring name Micro, when making appearances outside of WPA. Championships and accomplishmentsDDT Pro-WrestlingIronman Heavymetalweight Championship (1 time)Ice Ribbon' International Ribbon Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Isami Kodaka IW19 Championship (1 time) Smash Diva Championship Participation Tournament (2011) References External links Ice Ribbon profile Official blog 1991 births Japanese female professional wrestlers Living people People from Utsunomiya, Tochigi Sportspeople from Tochigi Prefecture Professional wrestling referees Masked wrestlers

is a Japanese professional wrestler, best known for her work in the Ice Ribbon promotion. Trained by Emi Sakura, <mask> made her debut for Ice Ribbon in October 2008 and during the next three years went on to become a one-time International Ribbon Tag Team and Internet Wrestling 19 Champion, while also holding DDT Pro-Wrestling's Ironman Heavymetalweight Championship once. In August 2011, <mask> left Ice Ribbon and became a freelancer, adopting the new ring name in the process. As a freelancer, she would most notably work for the Reina X World promotion, where she wrestled as the masked character . In September 2013, she signed with the new World Pro-Wrestling Association (WPA) promotion, adopting the new ring name Akubi in the process. Standing at only , she is one of the shortest wrestlers in all of puroresu. Professional wrestling career Ice Ribbon (2008–2011) On September 11, 2008, <mask> moved from her hometown of Utsunomiya, Tochigi to Tokyo to begin training professional wrestling under Emi Sakura.Sakura gave her the ring name Chii <mask> by combining the Japanese word , which indicates smallness or quickness, with the name of her hometown . After less than a month of training, <mask> made her debut for Sakura's Ice Ribbon promotion on October 7, losing to her trainer 3–0 in a five-minute exhibition match. <mask> made her "official" debut on October 18, losing to Yuki Ueda. For the first months of her career, <mask> wrestled several matches against Makoto, always ending up on the losing side. Finally, on January 18, 2009, <mask> picked up her first win, pinning Yuki Ueda in a tag team match, where she teamed with Minori Makiba and Ueda with Yoshiko Tamura. On February 7, <mask> faced one of her idols, NEO Japan Ladies Pro Wrestling representative Tanny Mouse, in a losing effort. The match eventually led to a partnership between the two.On March 22, <mask> made her debut for NEO Japan Ladies Pro Wrestling, during which she won her first championship, when she surprised Tanny Mouse and pinned her after a match to win DDT Pro-Wrestling's Ironman Heavymetalweight Championship, taking advantage of the title's rule, where a champion could be pinned anytime, anywhere. She would lose the title to Cherry later that same day. On June 3, <mask> defeated nine other wrestlers to win a battle royal, her first accomplishment in Ice Ribbon. During 2009, <mask> continued regularly wrestling Makoto, including losing to her on August 5 in a match to determine the number one contender to Ice Ribbon's top title, the ICE×60 Championship. <mask> would eventually receive her first shot at the title on October 23, but was defeated by defending champion Emi Sakura. On November 14, <mask> formed the tag team named Miniature Dachs with Riho, with the two defeating Hikari Minami and Mai Ichii in their first match together. As a sign of her growing status in Ice Ribbon, on January 16, 2010, <mask> was chosen as the exhibition opponent for two debuting wrestlers, Kurumi and Tsukushi, both of whom would join Ice Ribbon full-time later in the year.On January 23, <mask> and Riho were defeated by Miyako Matsumoto and Nanae Takahashi in a hardcore match, a match type rarely used in Ice Ribbon. While the match signaled the end of <mask>'s partnership with Riho, it was only the beginning of a storyline rivalry between <mask> and Miyako Matsumoto. On June 17, <mask> unsuccessfully challenged Matsumoto for the Triangle Ribbon Championship in a three-way match, which also included Tsukasa Fujimoto. On July 14 and 17, <mask> scored back-to-back singles match victories over Matsumoto and her new tag team partner, deathmatch wrestler Jun Kasai. The victories led to a match on July 19, where <mask> teamed with JWP Joshi Puroresu wrestler Command Bolshoi to unsuccessfully challenge Matsumoto and Kasai for the International Ribbon Tag Team Championship. Afterwards, <mask> recruited deathmatch wrestler Isami Kodaka as her new tag team partner, and on August 7, the two defeated Matsumoto and Kasai to become the new International Ribbon Tag Team Champions. They would go on to lose the title to Gentaro and Mai Ichii on September 23.On October 30, <mask> unsuccessfully challenged former partner Command Bolshoi for the ICE×60 Championship. On November 12, <mask>, along with Emi Sakura, Hikaru Shida, Makoto, Sayaka Obihiro and Tsukasa Fujimoto, made an appearance at a press conference held by Smash to promote Sakura's upcoming debut for the promotion. The following month in Ice Ribbon, <mask> began regularly teaming with former rival Makoto. On December 24, <mask> made her debut for Smash at Happening Eve, where she teamed with Hikari Minami and Kushida in a six-person tag team match, where they were defeated by Isami Kodaka, Makoto and Yusuke Kodama. On January 4, 2011, <mask> went through a complete character overhaul, debuting a new look, which included a black and blue two-piece outfit, a new entrance theme and the nickname "Black & Black", with <mask> now becoming a full-blown villain. On January 15, <mask>, along with Hikari Minami, Kurumi and Tsukushi became a part of Makoto's new Heisei YTR stable. After pinning ICE×60, International Ribbon Tag Team and Triangle Ribbon Champion Tsukasa Fujimoto in a non-title match on February 16, <mask> was granted a shot at the ICE×60 Championship seven days later, but was again unsuccessful in her challenge.On March 21, <mask> ended her long rivalry with Miyako Matsumoto, when she and Kazuhiko Ogasawara were defeated in a hardcore match by Matsumoto and Jun Kasai. On May 5 at Golden Ribbon 2011, <mask> unsuccessfully challenged Sendai Girls' Pro Wrestling representative Kagetsu for the JWP Junior and Princess of Pro-Wrestling Championships. Eight days later, <mask> unsuccessfully challenged Tsukushi for the Internet Wrestling 19 (IW19) Championship at an 19 O'Clock Girls ProWrestling event. After Hikari Minami became the new IW19 Champion, she offered <mask> another shot at the title, which led to a match on June 1 at 19 O'Clock Girls ProWrestlings first anniversary event, where <mask> defeated her to become the third IW19 Champion. Afterwards, <mask> named her friend Makoto her first challenger for the title, which led to the two agreeing to a "best of nine" series. However, the series had to be cancelled, when Makoto was on June 8 sidelined with a neck injury. Instead, <mask> went on to make her first defense on June 24, defeating Hikaru Shida.On July 2, <mask> defeated Mochi Miyagi in the finals of a four-woman tournament to earn the right to represent Ice Ribbon in Smash's Diva Championship tournament. Five days later, <mask> returned to Smash, confronting her first round opponent, Makoto, at a press conference and accusing her of turning her back on Ice Ribbon in favor of Smash. On July 15 at Smash.19, <mask> was eliminated from the Smash Diva Championship tournament by Makoto. Back in Ice Ribbon, on July 22, an IW19 Championship match between <mask> and Makoto ended in a nineteen-minute time limit draw. While the rules of the IW19 Championship stated that the champion retains the title in the event of a time limit draw, <mask> instead chose to vacate the title afterwards. The reason for this was revealed the following month, when <mask> announced that she, like Makoto, had decided to leave Ice Ribbon and try to broaden her capabilities as a professional wrestler by turning into a freelancer and opening doors to other promotions. <mask> wrestled her final Ice Ribbon match on August 28, when she unsuccessfully challenged Hikari Minami for the ICE×60 Championship.Freelancing (2011–2013) After leaving Ice Ribbon and becoming a freelancer, <mask> dropped her old ring name out of respect towards Emi Sakura and her former home promotion, and adopted the new ring name "Micro". She made her first appearance as Micro on September 4, 2011, at an event held by the Happy Hour!! promotion, where she faced Keiko Aono in a losing effort. On September 11, Micro made her debut for the JWP promotion, teaming with Leon in a tag team match, where they were defeated by Kazuki and Sachie Abe. Later that same day, Micro appeared at a press conference, where she announced Pro Wrestling Wallaby as her new home promotion. On October 10, Micro made an appearance at a special JWP event, produced by Kaori Yoneyama, where she, working under the ring name "Micro Yoneyama", teamed with Bolshoi Yoneyama and Rabbit Yoneyama to defeat Jaiko Ishikawa in a three-on-one handicap match. Later that same event, Micro took part in a battle royal for the World Cosplay Championship, which was won by Misaki Ohata.On November 13, Micro wrestled her first singles match for JWP, defeating Moon Mizuki. On December 29, Micro faced Makoto at a Mr. Gannosuke-produced event in an "Ice Ribbon Alumni Showdown", which was won by Makoto. On January 9, 2012, Micro returned to JWP, defeating masu-me in a singles match. Six days later, Micro made her debut for the Osaka Joshi Pro Wrestling promotion, unsuccessfully challenging Sawako Shimono for the JWP Junior and Princess of Pro-Wrestling Championships. On April 20, Pro Wrestling Wallaby publicly fired Micro for "unprofessional behaviour" and "inappropriate remarks". On June 17, Micro returned to JWP, unsuccessfully challenging Rabbit Miu for the JWP Junior and Princess of Pro-Wrestling Championships. On July 7, Micro made her debut for Reina X World, when she teamed with Puchi Tomato in a tag team match, where they were defeated by Arisa Nakajima and Manami Katsu.At the promotion's following event on July 16, Micro defeated Tomato in what was billed as a "tryout" match. At Reina X World's event on August 26, Micro worked under a mask, similar to that of Puchi Tomato, and the ring name Mini Tomato in a match, where she defeated Charlie Simone Aussie. On September 9, Micro, as Mini Tomato, main evented her first Reina X World event, where she and Aki Kanbayashi defeated Leon and Manami Katsu. World Pro-Wrestling Association (2013–present) In February 2013, Micro, along with all other Japanese wrestlers affiliated with Reina X World, left the promotion. On September 20, the group announced they were forming a new promotion, named World Pro-Wrestling Association (WPA). At the promotion's inaugural event on December 31, Micro debuted under the new ring name Akubi (Japanese for yawn; written in Roman alphabets and stylized in all capital letters), pinning Bambi in a tag team match, where she and La Malcriada defeated Bambi and Tsubasa Kuragaki. She continued using the ring name Micro, when making appearances outside of WPA.Championships and accomplishmentsDDT Pro-WrestlingIronman Heavymetalweight Championship (1 time)Ice Ribbon' International Ribbon Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Isami Kodaka IW19 Championship (1 time) Smash Diva Championship Participation Tournament (2011) References External links Ice Ribbon profile Official blog 1991 births Japanese female professional wrestlers Living people People from Utsunomiya, Tochigi Sportspeople from Tochigi Prefecture Professional wrestling referees Masked wrestlers

She is best known for her work in the Ice Ribbon promotion. <mask> made her debut for Ice Ribbon in October 2008 and went on to become a one-time International Ribbon Tag Team and Internet Wrestling 19 champion, as well as holding the DDT Pro-Wrestling's Ironman Heavymetalweight Championship once. The new ring name was adopted by <mask> after he left Ice Ribbon. She wrestled as the masked character at the Reina X World promotion. She signed with the new World Pro-Wrestling Association (WPA) promotion and changed her ring name to Akubi. She is one of the shortest wrestlers. On September 11, 2008, <mask> moved from her hometown of Utsunomiya, Tochigi to Tokyo to begin training for her professional wrestling career.Sakura combined the Japanese word for smallness or quickness with the name of her hometown to give her the ring name <mask> <mask>. <mask> made her debut for Sakura's Ice Ribbon promotion on October 7, losing to her trainer 3–0 in a five-minute exhibition match. <mask> made her debut on October 18. In the first months of her career, <mask> wrestled several matches against Makoto, and always ended up on the losing side. On January 18, 2009, <mask> picked up her first win when she pinned Ueda in a tag team match. On February 7, <mask> faced one of her idols, Tanny Mouse, in a losing effort. There was a partnership between the two.On March 22, <mask> won her first championship when she surprised Tanny Mouse and pinned her after a match, taking advantage of the title's rule. She would lose the title later that day. On June 3, <mask> defeated nine other wrestlers to win a battle royal, her first accomplishment in Ice Ribbon. The number one contender to Ice Ribbon's top title, the ICE60 Championship, was determined on August 5, 2009, when <mask> lost to Makoto in a match. Defending champion Emi Sakura defeated <mask> for the title on October 23. The tag team Miniature Dachs with Riho defeated Hikari Minami and Mai Ichii in their first match together. As a sign of her growing status in Ice Ribbon, on January 16, 2010, <mask> was chosen as the exhibition opponent for two debuting wrestlers, Kurumi and Tsukushi, both of whom would join Ice Ribbon full-time later in the year.<mask> and Riho were defeated in a hardcore match on January 23, a match type rarely used in Ice Ribbon. The match signaled the end of <mask>'s partnership with Riho, but it was only the beginning of a rivalry between him and Miyako. Tsukasa Fujimoto was in a three-way match with <mask> and Matsumoto for the Triangle Ribbon Championship. There were back-to-back singles match victories over Matsumoto and Jun Kasai on July 14 and 17. The International Ribbon Tag Team Championship match took place on July 19th, where <mask> and Command Bolshoi were defeated by Matsumoto and Kasai. On August 7, <mask> and Isami Kodaka became the new International Ribbon Tag Team Champs. They lost the title to Gentaro and Mai Ichii on September 23.<mask> tried to challenge Command Bolshoi for the ICE60 Championship. Smash held a press conference on November 12 to promote Sakura's upcoming debut. In Ice Ribbon, <mask> began teaming with a former rival. On December 24, <mask> made her debut for Smash at Happening Eve, teaming with Hikari Minami and Kushida in a six-person tag team match, but they were defeated by Isami Kodaka, Makoto and Yusuke Kodama. On January 4, 2011, <mask> went through a complete character overhaul, which included a black and blue two-piece outfit, a new entrance theme and the nickname "Black & Black", with <mask> now becoming a full-blown villain. On January 15, <mask>, Hikari Minami, Kurumi, and Tsukushi joined the Heisei YTR stable. Tsukasa Fujimoto of the International Ribbon Tag Team and Triangle Ribbon Champion was granted a shot at the ICE60 Championship seven days later, but was again unsuccessful in her challenge.On March 21, <mask> ended her rivalry with Miyako Matsumoto after they were defeated in a hardcore match. The JWP Junior and Princess of Pro-Wrestling Championships were held on May 5 at Golden Ribbon 2011. Tsukushi was the winner of the Internet Wrestling 19 (IW19) Championship at an 19 O'Clock Girls ProWrestling event. After Hikari Minami became the new IW19 Champion, she offered <mask> another shot at the title, which led to a match on June 1 at 19 O'Clock Girls ProWrestlings first anniversary event, where <mask> defeated her to become the third IW19 Champion <mask> named her friend Makoto her first challenger for the title, which led to the two agreeing to a "best of nine" series. The series had to be canceled because of a neck injury suffered by Makoto. <mask> made her first defense on June 24, defeating Hikaru Shida.On July 2, <mask> defeated Mochi Miyagi in the finals of a four-woman tournament to earn the right to represent Ice Ribbon in Smash's Diva Championship tournament. <mask> returned to Smash five days later, accusing her opponent of turning her back on Ice Ribbon in favor of Smash. <mask> was eliminated from the Smash Diva Championship tournament on July 15. The IW19 Championship match between <mask> and Makoto ended in a time limit draw. The rules of the IW19 Championship state that the champion retains the title in the event of a time limit draw, but <mask> chose to give up the title after that. The reason for this was revealed the following month, when <mask> announced that she, too, had decided to leave Ice Ribbon and try to broaden her capabilities as a professional wrestler by turning into a freelancer and opening doors to other promotions. The final Ice Ribbon match was on August 28, when <mask> tried to beat Hikari Minami for the ICE60 Championship.<mask> dropped her old ring name out of respect for her former home promotion and adopted the new ring name " Micro". She made her first appearance as Micro on September 4, 2011. She faced Keiko Aono in a losing effort. Micro made her debut for the JWP promotion on September 11, teaming with Leon in a tag team match, but they were defeated by Kazuki and Sachie Abe. Micro announced her new home promotion at a press conference later that day. On October 10, Micro made an appearance at a special JWP event, working under the ring name " Micro Yoneyama", teaming with Bolshoi Yoneyama and Rabbit Yoneyama to defeat Jaiko Ishikawa. Micro participated in a battle royal for the World Cosplay Championship, which was won by Misaki Ohata.Micro won her first singles match for JWP. The "Ice Ribbon Alumni Showdown" was won by Makoto. Micro defeated masu-me in a singles match on January 9, 2012. Micro tried to get into the JWP Junior and Princess of Pro-Wrestling Championships but was unsuccessful. Micro was fired by Pro Wrestling Wallaby for "unprofessional behavior" and "inappropriate remarks". Micro tried to challenge Rabbit Miu for the JWP Junior and Princess of Pro-Wrestling Championships. Micro made her debut for Reina X World in a tag team match, but they were defeated by Arisa Nakajima and Manami Katsu.Micro defeated Tomato in a "tryout" match at the promotion's next event. Micro defeated Charlie Simone Aussie in a match at the Reina X World's event on August 26, using a mask similar to that of Puchi Tomato and the ring name Mini Tomato. Micro, as Mini Tomato, main evented her first Reina X World event, where she and Aki Kanbayashi defeated Leon and Manami Katsu. The World Pro-Wrestling Association left the promotion in February of 2013). The group formed a new promotion called the World Pro-Wrestling Association. Micro and La Malcriada pinned Bambi in a tag team match at the promotion's inaugural event on December 31, which was written in Roman alphabets and stylized in all capital letters. She continued to use the ring name Micro.The Ice Ribbon' International Ribbon Tag Team Championship was with Isami Kodaka.

2635824

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thad%20Allen

Thad Allen

Thad William Allen (born 16 January 1949) is a former admiral of the United States Coast Guard who served as the 23rd commandant from 2006 to 2010. Allen is best known for his widely praised performance directing the federal response to hurricanes Katrina and Rita in the Gulf Coast region from September 2005 to January 2006, and for his role as National Incident Commander of the Unified Command for the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010. Robert J. Papp Jr. succeeded him as Commandant on 25 May 2010. Allen remained on active duty for 36 days after being succeeded as commandant while serving as Deepwater Horizon National Incident Commander. He officially retired from the U.S. Coast Guard on 30 June 2010, but continued to serve as National Incident Commander for an additional three months. He has worked as an Executive Vice President at Booz Allen Hamilton since November 2011. Early life and education Allen was born in Los Angeles, California, the son of retired U.S. Coast Guard chief damage controlman and World War II veteran Clyde and Mrs. Wilma Allen. Allen is a 1967 graduate of Palo Verde High School in Tucson. His family moved frequently during his childhood with his father's assignments. He attended the United States Coast Guard Academy in New London, Connecticut, where he was a standout football player, graduating in 1971. He holds a Master of Public Administration degree from George Washington University and a Master's degree in Management (S.M.) from the MIT Sloan School of Management as a Sloan Fellow. Career United States Coast Guard In his four decades of service, Allen has held operational command both at sea and ashore, conducting missions to support the maritime safety, security and environmental stewardship interests of the nation. Allen was the last commanding officer of LORAN Station Lampang, Thailand, serving there from 1974 to 1975. Station Lampang was part of the LORAN chain first put into use in 1966 as part of "Operation Tight Reign" in support of military operations in the Vietnam War. He served aboard USCGC Androscoggin (WHEC-68), and USCGC Gallatin (WHEC-721) and commanded USCGC Citrus (WLB-300). He performed dual roles as commanding officer of Group Long Island Sound and Captain of the Port, and he commanded Group Atlantic City. He also commanded the Seventh Coast Guard District in Miami and the Atlantic Area in Portsmouth, Virginia. Flag officer Allen's first assignment as a flag officer was as Director of Resources at Coast Guard Headquarters then Commander, Seventh Coast Guard District, where he directed all operations in the Southeastern United States and Caribbean. Following that assignment he served as Commander, Atlantic Area and U.S. Maritime Defense Zone Atlantic. In this capacity he oversaw all Coast Guard operations on the U.S. East Coast, Gulf Coast, and Great Lakes in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks. Allen served as the U.S. Coast Guard's Chief of Staff from May 2002 until May 2006. As Chief of Staff, Allen was third in the Coast Guard's command structure, and was commanding officer of Coast Guard Headquarters in Washington, D.C. Hurricane Katrina On 5 September 2005, while serving as Coast Guard Chief of Staff, Allen was appointed deputy to Federal Emergency Management Agency Director Michael D. Brown by Homeland Security Secretary Michael Chertoff, and placed in charge of Hurricane Katrina search-and-rescue and recovery efforts. Former colleagues interviewed after the announcement praised Allen as well-suited to the task. On 9 September 2005, Allen was given full command of the Bush administration's Hurricane Katrina onsite relief efforts. Secretary of Homeland Security Michael Chertoff elevated Allen following the removal of Federal Emergency Management Agency Director Michael D. Brown from that position. Allen announced on 25 January that he would be relieved of this responsibility on 27 January 2006. Commandant of the U.S. Coast Guard Allen assumed the duties of the 23rd Commandant of the U.S. Coast Guard on 25 May 2006. He was appointed to a four-year term by President George W. Bush and confirmed by the Senate. Admiral Robert J. Papp, Jr. succeeded him as Commandant on 25 May 2010, in a change of command ceremony. Deepwater Horizon oil spill On 30 April 2010, Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano announced that Allen would serve as the National Incident Commander for the federal government's response to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. After the end of his service as Commandant on 25 May 2010, Allen continued serving as National Incident Commander until 1 October 2010, when that billet was disestablished. He also remained on active duty in the Coast Guard until June 30, 2010, which was the first time in history the Coast Guard had two active duty four-star admirals. The position of Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard has since been made a four-star rank. His official U.S. Coast Guard portrait, painted by artist Michele Rushworth was unveiled at Fort Lesley J. McNair upon his retirement. Allen is a member of the Coast Guard Academy Board of Trustees. He was also the director of the bureaucratic transition of the Coast Guard from the Department of Transportation to the Department of Homeland Security. RAND Corporation and Booz Allen Hamilton In October 2010, Allen joined the RAND Corporation as a senior fellow. On 28 November 2011, Booz Allen Hamilton named Allen a Senior Vice President, joining the firm's Justice and Homeland Security business and leading development of thought leadership and client engagement regarding the direction of law enforcement and homeland security. Personal life Allen resides in Vienna, Virginia, with his wife Pamela A. Hess, whom he married in October 1975. They have three children and five grandchildren. He was elected a National Academy of Public Administration (United States) Fellow in 2003. Allen's civilian awards include the 2006 Strategic Vision Award by the Global Strategy Institute (GSI) of the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS). In 2009, he was awarded the Admiral Of The Ocean Sea Award (AOTOS) from the United Seaman's Service and the 2009 Business Achievement Award given by Beta Gamma Sigma, the academic honor society affiliated with the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business. He was nominated for this award by the United States Coast Guard Academy. Allen, in May 2013, also received an honorary doctorate in public service from the George Washington University. Allen is a member of the Homeland Security Advisory Council. Awards and decorations Citations References used Portions of this biography were taken from the Coast Guard's official biography of Allen. External links Harvard Business Review Podcast: Leading Through a Major Crisis new unified command, Cdr.: ADM (Ret.) Thad Allen Coast Guard chief takes over relief effort, CNN, 9 September 2005 Thad Allen to lead Katrina recovery effort, Marine Log.com 9 September 2005 President Bush announces his intention to nominate Vice Admiral Thad W. Allen to be the next Commandant of the Coast Guard, White House press release, 9 January 2006 1949 births Booz Allen Hamilton people Commandants of the United States Coast Guard Fellows of the United States National Academy of Public Administration Trachtenberg School of Public Policy & Public Administration alumni Living people MIT Sloan Fellows MIT Sloan School of Management alumni People from Los Angeles Military personnel from Tucson, Arizona People from Vienna, Virginia Recipients of the Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal Recipients of the Defense Distinguished Service Medal Recipients of the Homeland Security Distinguished Service Medal Recipients of the Legion of Merit United States Coast Guard Academy alumni United States Coast Guard admirals United States Department of Homeland Security officials Recipients of the Meritorious Service Medal (United States) Members of the Council on Foreign Relations

<mask> (born 16 January 1949) is a former admiral of the United States Coast Guard who served as the 23rd commandant from 2006 to 2010. <mask> is best known for his widely praised performance directing the federal response to hurricanes Katrina and Rita in the Gulf Coast region from September 2005 to January 2006, and for his role as National Incident Commander of the Unified Command for the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010. Robert J. Papp Jr. succeeded him as Commandant on 25 May 2010. <mask> remained on active duty for 36 days after being succeeded as commandant while serving as Deepwater Horizon National Incident Commander. He officially retired from the U.S. Coast Guard on 30 June 2010, but continued to serve as National Incident Commander for an additional three months. He has worked as an Executive Vice President at Booz Allen Hamilton since November 2011. Early life and education <mask> was born in Los Angeles, California, the son of retired U.S. Coast Guard chief damage controlman and World War II veteran Clyde and Mrs. <mask>.<mask> is a 1967 graduate of Palo Verde High School in Tucson. His family moved frequently during his childhood with his father's assignments. He attended the United States Coast Guard Academy in New London, Connecticut, where he was a standout football player, graduating in 1971. He holds a Master of Public Administration degree from George Washington University and a Master's degree in Management (S.M.) from the MIT Sloan School of Management as a Sloan Fellow. Career United States Coast Guard In his four decades of service, <mask> has held operational command both at sea and ashore, conducting missions to support the maritime safety, security and environmental stewardship interests of the nation. <mask> was the last commanding officer of LORAN Station Lampang, Thailand, serving there from 1974 to 1975.Station Lampang was part of the LORAN chain first put into use in 1966 as part of "Operation Tight Reign" in support of military operations in the Vietnam War. He served aboard USCGC Androscoggin (WHEC-68), and USCGC Gallatin (WHEC-721) and commanded USCGC Citrus (WLB-300). He performed dual roles as commanding officer of Group Long Island Sound and Captain of the Port, and he commanded Group Atlantic City. He also commanded the Seventh Coast Guard District in Miami and the Atlantic Area in Portsmouth, Virginia. Flag officer <mask>'s first assignment as a flag officer was as Director of Resources at Coast Guard Headquarters then Commander, Seventh Coast Guard District, where he directed all operations in the Southeastern United States and Caribbean. Following that assignment he served as Commander, Atlantic Area and U.S. Maritime Defense Zone Atlantic. In this capacity he oversaw all Coast Guard operations on the U.S. East Coast, Gulf Coast, and Great Lakes in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks.<mask> served as the U.S. Coast Guard's Chief of Staff from May 2002 until May 2006. As Chief of Staff, <mask> was third in the Coast Guard's command structure, and was commanding officer of Coast Guard Headquarters in Washington, D.C. Hurricane Katrina On 5 September 2005, while serving as Coast Guard Chief of Staff, <mask> was appointed deputy to Federal Emergency Management Agency Director Michael D. Brown by Homeland Security Secretary Michael Chertoff, and placed in charge of Hurricane Katrina search-and-rescue and recovery efforts. Former colleagues interviewed after the announcement praised <mask> as well-suited to the task. On 9 September 2005, <mask> was given full command of the Bush administration's Hurricane Katrina onsite relief efforts. Secretary of Homeland Security Michael Chertoff elevated <mask> following the removal of Federal Emergency Management Agency Director Michael D. Brown from that position. <mask> announced on 25 January that he would be relieved of this responsibility on 27 January 2006. Commandant of the U.S. Coast Guard <mask> assumed the duties of the 23rd Commandant of the U.S. Coast Guard on 25 May 2006.He was appointed to a four-year term by President George W. Bush and confirmed by the Senate. Admiral Robert J. Papp, Jr. succeeded him as Commandant on 25 May 2010, in a change of command ceremony. Deepwater Horizon oil spill On 30 April 2010, Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano announced that <mask> would serve as the National Incident Commander for the federal government's response to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. After the end of his service as Commandant on 25 May 2010, <mask> continued serving as National Incident Commander until 1 October 2010, when that billet was disestablished. He also remained on active duty in the Coast Guard until June 30, 2010, which was the first time in history the Coast Guard had two active duty four-star admirals. The position of Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard has since been made a four-star rank. His official U.S. Coast Guard portrait, painted by artist Michele Rushworth was unveiled at Fort Lesley J. McNair upon his retirement.<mask> is a member of the Coast Guard Academy Board of Trustees. He was also the director of the bureaucratic transition of the Coast Guard from the Department of Transportation to the Department of Homeland Security. RAND Corporation and Booz Allen Hamilton In October 2010, <mask> joined the RAND Corporation as a senior fellow. On 28 November 2011, Booz Allen Hamilton named <mask> a Senior Vice President, joining the firm's Justice and Homeland Security business and leading development of thought leadership and client engagement regarding the direction of law enforcement and homeland security. Personal life <mask> resides in Vienna, Virginia, with his wife Pamela A. Hess, whom he married in October 1975. They have three children and five grandchildren. He was elected a National Academy of Public Administration (United States) Fellow in 2003.<mask>'s civilian awards include the 2006 Strategic Vision Award by the Global Strategy Institute (GSI) of the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS). In 2009, he was awarded the Admiral Of The Ocean Sea Award (AOTOS) from the United Seaman's Service and the 2009 Business Achievement Award given by Beta Gamma Sigma, the academic honor society affiliated with the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business. He was nominated for this award by the United States Coast Guard Academy. <mask>, in May 2013, also received an honorary doctorate in public service from the George Washington University. <mask> is a member of the Homeland Security Advisory Council. Awards and decorations Citations References used Portions of this biography were taken from the Coast Guard's official biography of <mask>. External links Harvard Business Review Podcast: Leading Through a Major Crisis new unified command, Cdr.: ADM (Ret.) <mask> <mask> Coast Guard chief takes over relief effort, CNN, 9 September 2005 <mask> <mask> to lead Katrina recovery effort, Marine Log.com 9 September 2005 President Bush announces his intention to nominate Vice Admiral <mask> W<mask> to be the next Commandant of the Coast Guard, White House press release, 9 January 2006 1949 births Booz <mask> people Commandants of the United States Coast Guard Fellows of the United States National Academy of Public Administration Trachtenberg School of Public Policy & Public Administration alumni Living people MIT Sloan Fellows MIT Sloan School of Management alumni People from Los Angeles Military personnel from Tucson, Arizona People from Vienna, Virginia Recipients of the Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal Recipients of the Defense Distinguished Service Medal Recipients of the Homeland Security Distinguished Service Medal Recipients of the Legion of Merit United States Coast Guard Academy alumni United States Coast Guard admirals United States Department of Homeland Security officials Recipients of the Meritorious Service Medal (United States) Members of the Council on Foreign Relations

A former admiral of the United States Coast Guard, <mask>, served as the 23rd commandant from 2006 to 2010. <mask> is best known for directing the federal response to hurricanes in the Gulf Coast region from 2005 to 2006 and for his role as National Incident Commander of the Unified Command for the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010. Robert J. Papp Jr. became the new Commandant on May 25, 2010. After being succeeded as commandant, <mask> remained on active duty for 36 days. He continued to serve as the National Incident Commander for three months after retiring from the U.S. Coast Guard. He is an Executive Vice President at Booz Allen Hamilton. <mask> was the son of a retired U.S. Coast Guard chief damage controlman and World War II veteran.<mask> attended Palo Verde High School in Tucson. His family DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch He graduated from the United States Coast Guard Academy in New London, Connecticut in 1971. He received a Master's degree in Management from George Washington University. A graduate of the MIT Sloan School of Management. In his four decades of service, <mask> has held operational command both at sea and ashore, conducting missions to support the maritime safety, security and environmental stewardship interests of the nation. LORAN Station Lampang, Thailand, was commanded by <mask> from 1974 to 1975.The LORAN chain was put into use in 1966 in support of military operations in the Vietnam War. He commanded USCGC Citrus and served aboard USCGC Androscoggin. He commanded Group Atlantic City as well as Group Long Island Sound and the Captain of the Port. The Seventh Coast Guard District in Miami and the Atlantic Area in Virginia were commanded by him. As a flag officer, <mask>'s first assignment was as Director of Resources at Coast Guard Headquarters, where he directed all operations in the United States and Caribbean. He was the Commander of the Atlantic Area and the U.S. Maritime Defense Zone Atlantic. He was in charge of all Coast Guard operations on the U.S. East Coast, Gulf Coast, and Great Lakes.<mask> was the Chief of Staff of the U.S. Coast Guard from 2002 to 2006 As Chief of Staff, <mask> was third in the Coast Guard's command structure, and commanding officer of Coast Guard Headquarters in Washington, D.C. <mask> was praised by his former colleagues after the announcement. The Bush administration gave <mask> full command of the Hurricane relief efforts. <mask> was elevated by Secretary of Homeland Security Michael Chertoff after the removal of Federal Emergency Management Agency Director Michael D. Brown. On January 25th, <mask> announced that he would be relieved of this responsibility on January 27th. The 23rd Commandant of the U.S. Coast Guard assumed his duties on May 25th.He was confirmed by the Senate after he was appointed to a four-year term. In a change of command ceremony, Robert J. Papp, Jr. succeeded him as Commandant. The National Incident Commander for the federal government's response to the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico was announced on April 30, 2010, by Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano. After the end of his service as Commandant on May 25, 2010, <mask> continued to serve as National Incident Commander until October 1, 2010. It was the first time in history that the Coast Guard had two active duty four-star admirals. A four-star rank has been given to the position of Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard. His portrait of the U.S. Coast Guard was painted by Rushworth.<mask> is a Trustee of the Coast Guard Academy. He was the director of the bureaucratic transition of the Coast Guard from the Department of Transportation to the Department of Homeland Security. In October 2010, <mask> joined the RAND Corporation as a senior fellow. On November 28, 2011, Booz Allen Hamilton named <mask> a Senior Vice President, joining the firm's Justice and Homeland Security business and leading development of thought leadership and client engagement regarding the direction of law enforcement and homeland security. <mask> lives in Vienna, Virginia, with his wife Pamela A. Hess. There are three children and five grandchildren for them. He was a fellow of the National Academy of Public Administration.<mask> has received awards from the Global Strategy Institute and the Center for Strategic and International Studies. He received two awards in 2009, one from the United Seaman's Service and the other from the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business. The United States Coast Guard Academy nominated him. In May of last year, <mask> received a doctorate in public service from the George Washington University. <mask> is a member of the council. Portions of <mask>'s biography were taken from the Coast Guard's official biography. The Harvard Business Review has a show called Leading Through a Major Crisis.: ADM (Ret.) The next Commandant of the Coast Guard will be nominated by President Bush, according to a White House press release.

40287965

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urjit%20Patel

Urjit Patel

Urjit Patel (born 28 October 1963) is an Indian economist, who formerly served as the 24th Governor of the Reserve Bank of India and also Deputy Governor of Reserve Bank of India, looking after monetary policy, economic research, financial markets, statistics and information management. He resigned from his post on 10 December 2018, being the first RBI governor to state personal reasons as a driving factor for resigning. He is the fifth RBI governor to have resigned from his post before his term ended in September 2019. Urjit currently serves as Chairman of National Institute of Public Finance and Policy, additional director of Britannia Industries and independent director of John Cockerill India. Early life and education Urjit Patel was born in Nairobi on 28 October 1963 to Manjula and Ravindra Patel. His grandfather had migrated from Mahudha village in Kheda district, Gujarat to Kenya in the 20th century. His father ran Rexo Products Ltd, a chemical factory in Nairobi. He studied in Nairobi at Jamhuri High School, and prior to that the Gujarati community-run Visa Oshwal Primary School. He also studied at Loughborough Technical College. He studied at Queen Mary University of London and was awarded Bachelor of Science degree in 1984. He obtained an M.Phil. degree from University of Oxford in 1986. He was conferred a Ph.D. in economics from Yale University in 1990. He was at IMF India Desk during the 1991–94 transition period. Professional career After obtaining his Ph.D., Patel joined the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in 1990, where he worked on the US, India, Bahamas and Myanmar desks till 1995. Thereafter he went on deputation from the IMF to the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), where he played an advisory role in the development of the debt market, banking sector reforms, pension fund reforms, and targeting of real exchange rate. Between 2000 and 2004, Patel worked with several High-Level Committees at both Central and State Government levels: Task Force on Direct Taxes Prime Minister's Task Force on Infrastructure Group of Ministers on Telecom Matters Committee on Civil Aviation Reforms Expert Group on State Electricity Boards High-Level Expert Group on Civil and Defence Services Pension System Competition Commission of India On 11 January 2013, Patel was appointed as Deputy Governor of RBI for a period of three years; he was appointed for another three-year term in January 2016 On 20 August 2016, he was appointed as the governor of Reserve Bank Of India (RBI). During his tenure, the Government of India demonetised the ₹500 and ₹1000 banknotes of the Mahatma Gandhi Series, with the stated intention of curbing corruption, black money, fake currency and terrorism from 9 November 2016. On 10 December 2018 at 17:15 hrs IST, Urjit Patel resigned from the post of Governor of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) effective immediately. Controversies Although Patel cited personal reasons for resigning from RBI, experts have opined that he was forced to exit because of serious differences with the Government of India. The latter wanted more money from RBI to fund its fiscal deficit, which Patel did not agree to, citing requirement for long-term financial stability. In August 2019 Nitin Gadkari fueled the controversy when he stated that he had advised the Union Finance Minister to "throw out" the RBI Governor because the latter was inflexible and adamant. Important positions Nonresident Senior Fellow, The Brookings Institution, Washington D. C. (2009-2012) Advisor, Boston Consulting Group President (Business Development), Reliance Industries (2007-2011) Executive Director, Infrastructure Development Finance Company (1997-2006) Member, Integrated Energy Policy Committee, Government of India (2004-2006) Non-Executive Director, Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation Non-Executive Director, Multi Commodity Exchange of India Limited Deputy Governor, Reserve Bank of India (11 January 2013 - 3 September 2016) Governor, Reserve Bank of India (4 September 2016 - 10 December 2018) Books and Papers Some of Urjit Patel's publications include: "Overdraft: Saving the Indian Saver", published by HarperCollins (2020) "Challenges of Effective Monetary Policy in Emerging Economies”, in Monetary Policy in India: A Modern Macroeconomic Perspective, editors: Chetan Ghate and Kenneth M. Kletzer. Springer. (with Amartya Lahiri) (2016) "Fiscal Rules in India: Are They effective?”. In Chetan Ghate (ed), The Handbook of the Indian Economy, Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York. (with Willem H. Buiter) (2012) "Dynamics of Inflation ‘herding’: Decoding India's inflationary process”, Brookings Institution Global Working Paper # 48. (with Gangadhar Darbha) (2012) "Does the exuberance in the Indian power sector have legs?”, Brookings Institution Global Working Paper # 45. (with Saugata Bhattacharya) (2011) "Infrastructure in India: The Economics of Transition from Public to Private Provision”. Journal of Comparative Economics vol. 38, pp. 52–70. China-India symposium. (with Saugata Bhattacharya) (2010) "Decarbonisation strategies: How much, how, where and who pays for ∆ ≤ 2°C?”, Brookings Institution Global Working Paper # 39. (2010) Excessive Budget Deficits, a Government-Abused Financial System, and Fiscal Rules”, India Policy Forum vol. 2. pp. 1–54. Brookings Institution-NCAER. (with Willem H. Buiter) (2006) "Exchange Rate Policy” in Encyclopaedia of India. 2006. Edited by Stanley Wolpert. Thomson-Gale/Scribner. (with Devesh Kapur) (2006) "The Financial Leverage Coefficient: Macroeconomic Implications of Government Involvement in Intermediation”, Working Paper No. 157, Centre for Research on Economic Development and Policy Reform, Stanford University. (with Saugata Bhattacharya) (2003) "Large Foreign Currency Reserves: Insurance for Domestic Weaknesses and External Uncertainties?”, Economic and Political Weekly. (with Devesh Kapur) (2003) "International Trade and Internal Organisation”, Journal of Economic Behaviour and Organisation. (2000) "Aspects of Pension Fund Reform: Lessons for India”, Economic and Political Weekly. (1997) "Macroeconomic Policy and Output Co-movement: The Formal and Informal Sectors in India”, World Development. (with Pradeep Srivastava) (1996) "Optimal Policies in a Dynamic Oligopoly Model of International Trade”, Economics Letters.(1994) "Debt, Deficits and Inflation: An Application to the Public Finances of India”, Journal of Public Economics. (with Willem H. Buiter) (1992) Awards Recipient of the Wilbur Cross Medal, Yale University, October 2019. Citation from Dean's letter: "This award not only recognizes your work as the twenty-fourth Governor of The Reserve Bank of India, it is a testament to your achievements in public service and your many contributions to scholarship". Elected Honorary Fellow, Linacre College, University of Oxford 2019. References 1963 births Living people 20th-century Indian economists Indian bankers Alumni of the University of London Kenyan people of Indian descent Alumni of the London School of Economics Alumni of Linacre College, Oxford Governors of the Reserve Bank of India Yale University alumni Alumni of Jamhuri High School 21st-century Indian economists People from Nairobi Kenyan people of Gujarati descent Kenyan people of Asian descent

<mask> (born 28 October 1963) is an Indian economist, who formerly served as the 24th Governor of the Reserve Bank of India and also Deputy Governor of Reserve Bank of India, looking after monetary policy, economic research, financial markets, statistics and information management. He resigned from his post on 10 December 2018, being the first RBI governor to state personal reasons as a driving factor for resigning. He is the fifth RBI governor to have resigned from his post before his term ended in September 2019. <mask> currently serves as Chairman of National Institute of Public Finance and Policy, additional director of Britannia Industries and independent director of John Cockerill India. Early life and education <mask> was born in Nairobi on 28 October 1963 to Manjula and <mask>. His grandfather had migrated from Mahudha village in Kheda district, Gujarat to Kenya in the 20th century. His father ran Rexo Products Ltd, a chemical factory in Nairobi.He studied in Nairobi at Jamhuri High School, and prior to that the Gujarati community-run Visa Oshwal Primary School. He also studied at Loughborough Technical College. He studied at Queen Mary University of London and was awarded Bachelor of Science degree in 1984. He obtained an M.Phil. degree from University of Oxford in 1986. He was conferred a Ph.D. in economics from Yale University in 1990. He was at IMF India Desk during the 1991–94 transition period.Professional career After obtaining his Ph.D., <mask> joined the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in 1990, where he worked on the US, India, Bahamas and Myanmar desks till 1995. Thereafter he went on deputation from the IMF to the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), where he played an advisory role in the development of the debt market, banking sector reforms, pension fund reforms, and targeting of real exchange rate. Between 2000 and 2004, <mask> worked with several High-Level Committees at both Central and State Government levels: Task Force on Direct Taxes Prime Minister's Task Force on Infrastructure Group of Ministers on Telecom Matters Committee on Civil Aviation Reforms Expert Group on State Electricity Boards High-Level Expert Group on Civil and Defence Services Pension System Competition Commission of India On 11 January 2013, <mask> was appointed as Deputy Governor of RBI for a period of three years; he was appointed for another three-year term in January 2016 On 20 August 2016, he was appointed as the governor of Reserve Bank Of India (RBI). During his tenure, the Government of India demonetised the ₹500 and ₹1000 banknotes of the Mahatma Gandhi Series, with the stated intention of curbing corruption, black money, fake currency and terrorism from 9 November 2016. On 10 December 2018 at 17:15 hrs IST, <mask> <mask> resigned from the post of Governor of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) effective immediately. Controversies Although <mask> cited personal reasons for resigning from RBI, experts have opined that he was forced to exit because of serious differences with the Government of India. The latter wanted more money from RBI to fund its fiscal deficit, which <mask> did not agree to, citing requirement for long-term financial stability.In August 2019 Nitin Gadkari fueled the controversy when he stated that he had advised the Union Finance Minister to "throw out" the RBI Governor because the latter was inflexible and adamant. Important positions Nonresident Senior Fellow, The Brookings Institution, Washington D. C. (2009-2012) Advisor, Boston Consulting Group President (Business Development), Reliance Industries (2007-2011) Executive Director, Infrastructure Development Finance Company (1997-2006) Member, Integrated Energy Policy Committee, Government of India (2004-2006) Non-Executive Director, Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation Non-Executive Director, Multi Commodity Exchange of India Limited Deputy Governor, Reserve Bank of India (11 January 2013 - 3 September 2016) Governor, Reserve Bank of India (4 September 2016 - 10 December 2018) Books and Papers Some of Urjit <mask>'s publications include: "Overdraft: Saving the Indian Saver", published by HarperCollins (2020) "Challenges of Effective Monetary Policy in Emerging Economies”, in Monetary Policy in India: A Modern Macroeconomic Perspective, editors: Chetan Ghate and Kenneth M. Kletzer. Springer. (with Amartya Lahiri) (2016) "Fiscal Rules in India: Are They effective?”. In Chetan Ghate (ed), The Handbook of the Indian Economy, Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York. (with Willem H. Buiter) (2012) "Dynamics of Inflation ‘herding’: Decoding India's inflationary process”, Brookings Institution Global Working Paper # 48. (with Gangadhar Darbha) (2012) "Does the exuberance in the Indian power sector have legs?”, Brookings Institution Global Working Paper # 45.(with Saugata Bhattacharya) (2011) "Infrastructure in India: The Economics of Transition from Public to Private Provision”. Journal of Comparative Economics vol. 38, pp. 52–70. China-India symposium. (with Saugata Bhattacharya) (2010) "Decarbonisation strategies: How much, how, where and who pays for ∆ ≤ 2°C?”, Brookings Institution Global Working Paper # 39. (2010) Excessive Budget Deficits, a Government-Abused Financial System, and Fiscal Rules”, India Policy Forum vol.2. pp. 1–54. Brookings Institution-NCAER. (with Willem H. Buiter) (2006) "Exchange Rate Policy” in Encyclopaedia of India. 2006. Edited by Stanley Wolpert. Thomson-Gale/Scribner.(with Devesh Kapur) (2006) "The Financial Leverage Coefficient: Macroeconomic Implications of Government Involvement in Intermediation”, Working Paper No. 157, Centre for Research on Economic Development and Policy Reform, Stanford University. (with Saugata Bhattacharya) (2003) "Large Foreign Currency Reserves: Insurance for Domestic Weaknesses and External Uncertainties?”, Economic and Political Weekly. (with Devesh Kapur) (2003) "International Trade and Internal Organisation”, Journal of Economic Behaviour and Organisation. (2000) "Aspects of Pension Fund Reform: Lessons for India”, Economic and Political Weekly. (1997) "Macroeconomic Policy and Output Co-movement: The Formal and Informal Sectors in India”, World Development. (with Pradeep Srivastava) (1996) "Optimal Policies in a Dynamic Oligopoly Model of International Trade”, Economics Letters.(1994) "Debt, Deficits and Inflation: An Application to the Public Finances of India”, Journal of Public Economics. (with Willem H. Buiter) (1992) Awards Recipient of the Wilbur Cross Medal, Yale University, October 2019. Citation from Dean's letter: "This award not only recognizes your work as the twenty-fourth Governor of The Reserve Bank of India, it is a testament to your achievements in public service and your many contributions to scholarship". Elected Honorary Fellow, Linacre College, University of Oxford 2019. References 1963 births Living people 20th-century Indian economists Indian bankers Alumni of the University of London Kenyan people of Indian descent Alumni of the London School of Economics Alumni of Linacre College, Oxford Governors of the Reserve Bank of India Yale University alumni Alumni of Jamhuri High School 21st-century Indian economists People from Nairobi Kenyan people of Gujarati descent Kenyan people of Asian descent

The 24th Governor of the Reserve Bank of India was also the deputy governor of the Reserve Bank of India. He was the first governor of the Reserve Bank of India to resign due to personal reasons. He is the fifth governor of the Reserve Bank of India to step down. The Chairman of the National Institute of Public Finance and Policy is also an independent director of John Cockerill India. The child of Manjula and <mask> was born in October of 1963. His grandfather migrated from Gujarat to Africa in the 20th century. His father ran a chemical factory.He studied at the Jamhuri High School in Nairobi and the Visa Oshwal Primary School in Gujarat. He studied at the college. He received a Bachelor of Science degree in 1984 from Queen Mary University of London. He received an M.Phil. The degree was obtained from the University of Oxford. He received a PhD in economics from Yale University in 1990. During the 1991–94 transition period, he was at the India desk of the International Monetary Fund.In 1990 he joined the International Monetary Fund and worked on desks in the US, India, and the Bahamas. After deputation from the International Monetary Fund to the Reserve Bank of India, he played an advisory role in the development of the debt market, banking sector reforms, pension fund reforms, and targeting of real exchange rate. The Task Force on Direct Taxes Prime Minister's Task Force on Infrastructure Group of Ministers on Telecom Matters Committee on Civil Aviation Reforms Expert Group on State Electricity Boards were some of the high-level committees that <mask> worked with. The Mahatma Gandhi Series 500 and 1000 notes were demonetised by the Government of India in order to curb corruption, black money, fake currency and terrorism. The Governor of the Reserve Bank of India resigned effective immediately. According to experts, he was forced to leave the Reserve Bank of India because of serious differences with the Government of India. The requirement for long-term financial stability was the reason why the latter wanted more money from the Reserve Bank of India.In August of last year, the Union Finance Minister was advised to throw out the Governor of the Reserve Bank of India because he was inflexible and adamant. An important position is Nonresident Senior Fellow, The Brookings Institution, Washington D. C. Springer. Fiscal Rules in India: Are They Effective? The Handbook of the Indian Economy was published by Oxford University Press. The paper is titled "Dynamics of Inflation 'herding': Decoding India's inflationary process". The exuberance in the Indian power sector has legs.Infrastructure in India: The Economics of Transition from Public to Private Provision was published in 2011. The Journal of Comparative Economics is a journal. 38, pp. 52–70. There is a symposium between China and India. "Decarbonisation strategies: How much, how, where and who pays for 2C?" was written by Saugata Bhattacharya. There are excessive Budget Deficits, a Government-Abused Financial System, and Fiscal Rules.pp. 5–14. The institute is called theNCAER. The "Exchange Rate Policy" was published in India. 2006 Stanley Wolpert is the editor. Scribner/ Thomson-Gale.The financial leverage coefficient: macro economic implications of government involvement in intermediation was a working paper. The Centre for Research on Economic Development and Policy Reform is at the university. " Large Foreign Currency Reserves: Insurance for Domestic Weaknesses and External Uncertainties" was published in 2003 "International Trade and Internal Organisation" was published in the Journal of Economic Behaviour and Organisation. "Aspects of Pension Fund Reform: Lessons for India" was published in 2000. "Macroeconomic Policy and Output Co-movement: The Formal and Informal Sectors in India" was published in 1997. "Optimal Policies in a Dynamic Oligopoly Model of International Trade" was published in 1996."Debt, Deficits and Inflation: An Application to the Public Finances of India" was published in the Journal of Public Economics. The 1992 Awards Recipient are from Yale University. "This award not only recognizes your work as the twenty-fourth Governor of The Reserve Bank of India, it is a testament to your achievements in public service and your many contributions to scholarship". Linacre College is located at the University of Oxford. The London School of Economics Alumni of Linacre College, Oxford Governors of the Reserve Bank of India, and the Jamhuri High School Alumni are some of the people who were born in 1963.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian%20Stack

Brian Stack

Brian Stack (born August 18, 1964) is an American actor, comedian, and writer best known for his sketch comedy work. He worked on all three late-night talk shows hosted by Conan O'Brien including Late Night with Conan O'Brien and The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien on NBC, and Conan on TBS. Stack left Conan in April 2015 to join the writing staff of the CBS series The Late Show with Stephen Colbert. Career Stack got his start in comedy with the improv comedy troupe The Second City in Chicago, working alongside fellow comedians such as Amy Poehler. Late Night with Conan O'Brien Stack became a sketch writer on Late Night with Conan O'Brien in 1997, and served as a writer and actor on the show. The first sketch he wrote for the show was the inaugural iteration of the running gag "Andy’s Little Sister, Stacy," in which Stack's former Chicago improv colleague Amy Poehler portrayed the 13-year-old younger sibling of O'Brien's sidekick, Andy Richter, whose unrequited crush on O'Brien manifests in a range of emotion that runs "from adorable bashfulness to volcanic, homicidal rage." Stack would later say of Poehler in a 2021 Washington Post interview, "I’ve always been in awe of her incredible talent, but seeing her, Conan and Andy [Richter] have so much fun in that sketch is an especially wonderful memory for me and I’ll never forget it." Stack first appeared onscreen when one of the writers asked him to play a doctor in a sketch in which he had no dialogue. One of the first characters he did on the show was Bathtime Bob the Hygiene Cowboy, who sang about bath time, but like many of Stack's characters, there was a dark, tragic underbelly to his upbeat nature. Stack had previously tried to develop this character at Second City, but it never appeared in any shows. Stack remained with O'Brien after O'Brien's move to The Tonight Show in 2009. Stack played many recurring characters on the show, most notably those clad in anachronistic or elaborate outfits, and was known for playing many characters with long beards and mustaches, such as God, Zeus, Socrates, Gandalf, Dumbledore, and The Interrupter. Jeff Loveness of Jimmy Kimmel Live has observed of Stack's characters that there was "such a sadness to each character, but they would not acknowledge their sadness", an assessment that Stack agrees with. Stack has further explained that, "My favorite kind of comedy on the late-night has always been the non-topical silly stuff where it's not really at anybody's expense. My least favorite kind of joke is a celebrity joke, because it tends to be very familiar or sometimes very mean, and if it's not mean it doesn't even work, usually...But my favorite kind of comedy on late night is at no one's expense but the character that's involved in the sketch where you're not really going after anybody." Stack made occasional appearances on The Tonight Show, such as when he played an NRA spokesman who intimates violence to accomplish his agenda. Among the characters he portrayed: Artie Kendall the Ghost Crooner Fantastic GuyFrankenstein Wastes a Minute of Our Time Hannigan the Traveling Salesman The Interrupter The Slipnutz Bullet Proof Legs Assassin, a man dressed in all black who always shoots the "Bullet Proof Legs Guys" at the end of every sketch. Clive Clemmons, British heavy metal guitar legend with his own satellite tv channel filled with his favorite inappropriate responses from everyday life. Ira (of Jeremy & Ira), performed with Late Night writer Jon Glaser (as Jeremy), as two bizarre men from another dimension dressed in black hoods, who would visit Conan & Andy from time-to-time, always appearing in the corner of the TV screen. They never speak, and only communicate through nodding and other gestures. Kilty McBagpipes, an extremely stereotypical Scottish man who dresses in a kilt and dances to bagpipe music. Steve St. Helens, a stagehand on the show whose temper rises until he erupts. The character first appeared when Mount St. Helens began showing activity in early 2005. Stack also created the recurring segment "Pierre Bernard's Recliner of Rage", and his voice work on the show included provided the voices of numerous celebrities parodied in the Syncro-Vox faux interviews conducted by O'Brien, including Dick Cheney, Mike Tyson, and Martha Stewart. Conan recurring characters Stack continued his work on O'Brien's TBS series, Conan. His last episode aired on April 2, 2015, with Stack in a sketch as The Interrupter where he and his character bade farewell to the series. Among his recurring characters: James Sinclair St. Wallins, Audiencey Awards Fashion Correspondent. Brian LaFontaine, Singer on "Basic Cable Name That Tune". Conan frequently expresses his contempt for this character, making comments such as "Hate that guy" or "Easily my least favorite person". Voiceover of Minty, the Candy Cane That Briefly Fell on the Ground, singing the theme song for "Minty the Candycane Who Briefly Fell On The Ground" (played by Brian McCann). Joe Galliano, John Galliano's 'brother' who Conan interviews, generally in response to comments made by John Galliano. Joe tries to defend his brother while changing into ridiculous hats every time the camera switches back to Conan. Wiki Bear, Stack provides the voice of 2014 recurring character "Wiki Bear", a teddy bear who has a vast knowledge of very disturbing facts. The Late Show with Stephen Colbert After fellow Second City alumnus Stephen Colbert succeeded David Letterman as the host of the CBS series Late Show, Stack left Conan, and returned to New York to take a job on the Late Show writing staff. He voices the characters of "Cartoon Donald Trump", "God," and "The Ghost of Abraham Lincoln" on the show. Other work Stack played "Special Agent in Charge" in the 1997 movie Spaceman. Stack played Howard Jorgensen on the NBC sitcom 30 Rock in the episodes "Jack Meets Dennis", "Succession" and "Larry King". Stack co-starred as "The World's Tallest Nebraskan" in the Comedy Central animated series Freak Show in 2006. Stack played Mark, an employee of the Buffalo branch who becomes angry when learning the branch is being shut down, in "Company Picnic", the May 14, 2009 fifth season finale, and 100th episode, of the American version of The Office. Stack played a cop in "First Date", the April 4, 2013 second season episode of the FOX sitcom New Girl. That same year, he appeared as Ted in the TV series Parks and Recreation, a role that recurred into 2014. On October 13, 2013, Stack played Don in the Aqua Teen Hunger Force season ten, episode season "Piranha Germs". On July 26, 2015, he played Mappy the Map in the season eleven episode "Knapsack!" Stack is a frequent performer in the ASSSSCAT improvisational comedy show at the Upright Citizens Brigade Theater in New York City and Los Angeles. Voice work He provided voices for numerous characters in the video games Deer Avenger (1998) and Deer Avenger 2: Deer in the City (1999), which were written by Stack's fellow Late Night writer/actor Brian McCann, and which co-starred McCann, Tina Fey, Jon Glaser, and Amy Poehler. In 2000, Stack played "Whiskers" in "Western Day", the December 6, 2000 pilot episode of Robert Smigel's TV series TV Funhouse. In 2012 Stack provided the voice for the Airplane Pilot in Hotel Transylvania. Stack voiced the CEO in the web series Talking Tom and Friends Personal life Stack is married to actress Miriam Tolan, another Second City alum, regular performer at the Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre, and former correspondent for The Daily Show with Jon Stewart who has also appeared in the movie The Heat and on shows like 30 Rock, The League, At Home with Amy Sedaris and Jon Glaser Loves Gear. Awards As a member of Late Nights writing staff, Stack won five Writers Guild Awards for Writing in a Comedy/Variety Series for 2000, 2002, 2003, 2005 and 2006. He was also nominated in 1999, 2001, and 2004. Stack was also nominated for an Emmy Award every year since 1998 for Outstanding Writing for a Variety, Music or Comedy Program as a member of the writing team, winning in 2007. See also List of Late Night with Conan O'Brien sketches References External links Interviewed by Josh Fulton (on archive.org) Interview on The Sound of Young America podcast (April 2007) American male film actors American male television actors American television writers American male television writers American male voice actors Indiana University alumni Writers from Chicago University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni Writers Guild of America Award winners Male actors from Illinois 1967 births Living people Screenwriters from Illinois

<mask> (born August 18, 1964) is an American actor, comedian, and writer best known for his sketch comedy work. He worked on all three late-night talk shows hosted by Conan O'Brien including Late Night with Conan O'Brien and The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien on NBC, and Conan on TBS. <mask> left Conan in April 2015 to join the writing staff of the CBS series The Late Show with Stephen Colbert. <mask> got his start in comedy with the improv comedy troupe The Second City in Chicago, working alongside fellow comedians such as Amy Poehler. Late Night with Conan O'<mask> became a sketch writer on Late Night with Conan O'Brien in 1997, and served as a writer and actor on the show. The first sketch he wrote for the show was the inaugural iteration of the running gag "Andy’s Little Sister, Stacy," in which <mask>'s former Chicago improv colleague Amy Poehler portrayed the 13-year-old younger sibling of O'Brien's sidekick, Andy Richter, whose unrequited crush on O'Brien manifests in a range of emotion that runs "from adorable bashfulness to volcanic, homicidal rage." <mask> would later say of Poehler in a 2021 Washington Post interview, "I’ve always been in awe of her incredible talent, but seeing her, Conan and Andy [Richter] have so much fun in that sketch is an especially wonderful memory for me and I’ll never forget it."<mask> first appeared onscreen when one of the writers asked him to play a doctor in a sketch in which he had no dialogue. One of the first characters he did on the show was Bathtime Bob the Hygiene Cowboy, who sang about bath time, but like many of <mask>'s characters, there was a dark, tragic underbelly to his upbeat nature. <mask> had previously tried to develop this character at Second City, but it never appeared in any shows. <mask> remained with O'Brien after O'Brien's move to The Tonight Show in 2009. <mask> played many recurring characters on the show, most notably those clad in anachronistic or elaborate outfits, and was known for playing many characters with long beards and mustaches, such as God, Zeus, Socrates, Gandalf, Dumbledore, and The Interrupter. Jeff Loveness of Jimmy Kimmel Live has observed of <mask>'s characters that there was "such a sadness to each character, but they would not acknowledge their sadness", an assessment that <mask> agrees with. <mask> has further explained that, "My favorite kind of comedy on the late-night has always been the non-topical silly stuff where it's not really at anybody's expense.My least favorite kind of joke is a celebrity joke, because it tends to be very familiar or sometimes very mean, and if it's not mean it doesn't even work, usually...But my favorite kind of comedy on late night is at no one's expense but the character that's involved in the sketch where you're not really going after anybody." <mask> made occasional appearances on The Tonight Show, such as when he played an NRA spokesman who intimates violence to accomplish his agenda. Among the characters he portrayed: Artie Kendall the Ghost Crooner Fantastic GuyFrankenstein Wastes a Minute of Our Time Hannigan the Traveling Salesman The Interrupter The Slipnutz Bullet Proof Legs Assassin, a man dressed in all black who always shoots the "Bullet Proof Legs Guys" at the end of every sketch. Clive Clemmons, British heavy metal guitar legend with his own satellite tv channel filled with his favorite inappropriate responses from everyday life. Ira (of Jeremy & Ira), performed with Late Night writer Jon Glaser (as Jeremy), as two bizarre men from another dimension dressed in black hoods, who would visit Conan & Andy from time-to-time, always appearing in the corner of the TV screen. They never speak, and only communicate through nodding and other gestures. Kilty McBagpipes, an extremely stereotypical Scottish man who dresses in a kilt and dances to bagpipe music.Steve St. Helens, a stagehand on the show whose temper rises until he erupts. The character first appeared when Mount St. Helens began showing activity in early 2005. <mask> also created the recurring segment "Pierre Bernard's Recliner of Rage", and his voice work on the show included provided the voices of numerous celebrities parodied in the Syncro-Vox faux interviews conducted by O'Brien, including Dick Cheney, Mike Tyson, and Martha Stewart. Conan recurring characters <mask> continued his work on O'Brien's TBS series, Conan. His last episode aired on April 2, 2015, with <mask> in a sketch as The Interrupter where he and his character bade farewell to the series. Among his recurring characters: James Sinclair St. Wallins, Audiencey Awards Fashion Correspondent. <mask>, Singer on "Basic Cable Name That Tune".Conan frequently expresses his contempt for this character, making comments such as "Hate that guy" or "Easily my least favorite person". Voiceover of Minty, the Candy Cane That Briefly Fell on the Ground, singing the theme song for "Minty the Candycane Who Briefly Fell On The Ground" (played by <mask>). Joe Galliano, John Galliano's 'brother' who Conan interviews, generally in response to comments made by John Galliano. Joe tries to defend his brother while changing into ridiculous hats every time the camera switches back to Conan. Wiki Bear, <mask> provides the voice of 2014 recurring character "Wiki Bear", a teddy bear who has a vast knowledge of very disturbing facts. The Late Show with Stephen Colbert After fellow Second City alumnus Stephen Colbert succeeded David Letterman as the host of the CBS series Late Show, <mask> left Conan, and returned to New York to take a job on the Late Show writing staff. He voices the characters of "Cartoon Donald Trump", "God," and "The Ghost of Abraham Lincoln" on the show.Other work <mask> played "Special Agent in Charge" in the 1997 movie Spaceman. <mask> played Howard Jorgensen on the NBC sitcom 30 Rock in the episodes "Jack Meets Dennis", "Succession" and "Larry King". <mask> co-starred as "The World's Tallest Nebraskan" in the Comedy Central animated series Freak Show in 2006. <mask> played Mark, an employee of the Buffalo branch who becomes angry when learning the branch is being shut down, in "Company Picnic", the May 14, 2009 fifth season finale, and 100th episode, of the American version of The Office. <mask> played a cop in "First Date", the April 4, 2013 second season episode of the FOX sitcom New Girl. That same year, he appeared as Ted in the TV series Parks and Recreation, a role that recurred into 2014. On October 13, 2013, <mask> played Don in the Aqua Teen Hunger Force season ten, episode season "Piranha Germs".On July 26, 2015, he played Mappy the Map in the season eleven episode "Knapsack!" <mask> is a frequent performer in the ASSSSCAT improvisational comedy show at the Upright Citizens Brigade Theater in New York City and Los Angeles. Voice work He provided voices for numerous characters in the video games Deer Avenger (1998) and Deer Avenger 2: Deer in the City (1999), which were written by <mask>'s fellow Late Night writer/actor <mask>, and which co-starred McCann, Tina Fey, Jon Glaser, and Amy Poehler. In 2000, <mask> played "Whiskers" in "Western Day", the December 6, 2000 pilot episode of Robert Smigel's TV series TV Funhouse. In 2012 <mask> provided the voice for the Airplane Pilot in Hotel Transylvania. <mask> voiced the CEO in the web series Talking Tom and Friends Personal life <mask> is married to actress Miriam Tolan, another Second City alum, regular performer at the Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre, and former correspondent for The Daily Show with Jon Stewart who has also appeared in the movie The Heat and on shows like 30 Rock, The League, At Home with Amy Sedaris and Jon Glaser Loves Gear. Awards As a member of Late Nights writing staff, <mask> won five Writers Guild Awards for Writing in a Comedy/Variety Series for 2000, 2002, 2003, 2005 and 2006.He was also nominated in 1999, 2001, and 2004. <mask> was also nominated for an Emmy Award every year since 1998 for Outstanding Writing for a Variety, Music or Comedy Program as a member of the writing team, winning in 2007. See also List of Late Night with Conan O'Brien sketches References External links Interviewed by Josh Fulton (on archive.org) Interview on The Sound of Young America podcast (April 2007) American male film actors American male television actors American television writers American male television writers American male voice actors Indiana University alumni Writers from Chicago University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni Writers Guild of America Award winners Male actors from Illinois 1967 births Living people Screenwriters from Illinois

<mask> is an American actor, comedian, and writer best known for his sketch comedy work. He worked on all three shows hosted by O'Brien, including Late Night with O'Brien and The Tonight Show with O'Brien on NBC. In April 2015, <mask> joined the writing staff of The Late Show with Stephen Colbert. <mask> got his start in comedy as a member of The Second City in Chicago. In 1997, <mask> became a sketch writer on Late Night with Conan O'Brien and later served as a writer and actor on the show. The first sketch he wrote for the show was the inaugural iteration of the running gag "Andy's Little Sister, Stacy," in which <mask>'s former Chicago improv colleague Amy Poehler portrayed the 13-year-old younger sibling of O'Brien's sidekick, Andy Richter, whose unrequited crush In a 2021 Washington Post interview, <mask> said, "I have always been in awe of her incredible talent, but seeing her, Conan and Andy have so much fun in that sketch is an especially wonderful memory for me and I will never forget it."<mask> had no dialogue when he was asked to play a doctor in a sketch. Like many of <mask>'s characters, there was a dark, tragic underside to Bathtime Bob the Hygiene Cowboy, who was one of the first characters he did on the show. The character that <mask> tried to develop at Second City never appeared in any shows. O'Brien moved to The Tonight Show in 2009. <mask> played many recurring characters on the show, most notably those clad in anachronistic or elaborate outfits, and was known for playing many characters with long beards and mustaches. <mask> agrees with Jeff Loveness that there was a sadness to each character, but they wouldn't acknowledge it. "My favorite kind of comedy on the late-night is non-topical silly stuff where it's not really at anyone's expense," said <mask>.My least favorite kind of joke is a celebrity joke, because it tends to be very familiar or sometimes very mean, and if it's not mean it doesn't even work, usually. When he was on The Tonight Show, <mask> played an NRA spokesman who intimates violence to accomplish his agenda. The characters he portrayed were Artie Kendall the Ghost Crooner Fantastic GuyFrankenstein Wastes a Minute of Our Time Hannigan the Traveling Salesman and the Slipnutz Bullet Proof Legs assassin. British heavy metal guitar legend Clive Clemmons has a satellite tv channel filled with his favorite inappropriate responses from everyday life. Two strange men dressed in black hoods appeared in the corner of the TV screen when they visited Andy and Conan. They only communicate through nodding and other gestures. A stereotypical Scottish man who dresses in a kilt and dances to bagpipe music is called Kilty McBagpipes.Steve St. Helens was a stagehand on the show. The character first appeared in 2005. The recurring segment "Pierre Bernard's Recliner of Rage" was created by <mask> and his voice work on the show included the voices of many celebrities, including Dick Cheney, Mike Tyson, and Martha Stewart. <mask> was a recurring character on O'Brien's show. On April 2, 2015, <mask> and his character bade farewell to the series in a sketch called The Interrupter. James Sinclair St. Wallins is a recurring character. <mask> is a singer."Hate that guy" or "Easily my least favorite person" are some of the comments that Conan makes about this character. The theme song for "Minty the Candycane Who Briefly fell on the ground" was sung by Voiceover of Minty, the Candy Cane That Briefly fell on the ground. John Galliano's brother, Joe Galliano, interviews generally in response to comments made by John Galliano. Joe is trying to defend his brother while changing into ridiculous hats. The voice of the recurring character "Wiki Bear" is provided by <mask>. After Stephen Colbert succeeded David Letterman as the host of the CBS series Late Show, Second City graduate <mask> left the show to take a job on the Late Show writing staff. He voices the characters of Donald Trump, God, and The Ghost of Abraham Lincoln on the show.The 1997 movie Spaceman featured <mask> as Special Agent in Charge. In the NBC sitcom 30 Rock, <mask> played the role of Howard Jorgensen. <mask> played "The World's Tallest Nebraskan" in a Comedy Central show. In the 100th episode of the American version of The Office, <mask> played Mark, an employee of the Buffalo branch who becomes angry when he learns the branch is being shut down. <mask> played a cop in the second season of New Girl. He played the character of Ted in the TV series Parks and Recreation. <mask> played Don in the Teen Aqua Hunger Force season ten episode "Piranha Germs".On July 26, 2015, he played Mappy the Map. In New York City and Los Angeles, <mask> is a frequent performer in the ASSSSCAT comedy show. He provided voices for many characters in the video games Deer Avenger and Deer Avenger 2: Deer in the City, which were written by <mask>'s fellow Late Night writer/actor <mask>. <mask> played "Whiskers" in the December 6, 2000 pilot episode of TV Funhouse. The voice of the Airplane Pilot was provided by <mask>. In Talking Tom and Friends, <mask> voiced the CEO, and he is married to an actress who has also appeared on The Daily Show with Jon Stewart. <mask> was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217He was nominated four times. <mask> has been nominated for an award every year since 1998 for Outstanding Writing for a Variety, Music or Comedy Program as a member of the writing team. List of Late Night with Conan O'Brien sketches References External links Interviewed by Josh Fulton

44332072

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stacey%20Plaskett

Stacey Plaskett

Stacey Elizabeth Plaskett (; born May 13, 1966) is an American politician, attorney, and commentator. She is a delegate to the United States House of Representatives from the United States Virgin Islands' (USVI) at-large congressional district. Plaskett has practiced law in New York City, Washington, D.C., and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Prior to 2008, Plaskett was a member of the Republican Party, and was appointed by President George W. Bush to serve in the Civil Division of the United States Department of Justice. Plaskett switched to the Democratic Party in late 2008 because she believed it was a better place to have new ideas heard. Plaskett served as a House manager during the second impeachment trial of Donald Trump, the first non-voting member of the House of Representatives to do so. Early life and education Plaskett was born on May 13, 1966, in Brooklyn, New York and grew up in the Bushwick, New York, housing projects. Her parents are both from Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands; Her father was a New York City Police Department officer and her mother a clerk in the court system. Her family regularly traveled to Saint Croix during her childhood, so she became familiar with island traditions and culture. Her parents' home in New York was often home for students and other recent migrants moving to the mainland from the Virgin Islands. Plaskett attended Brooklyn Friends School (a Quaker school) and Grace Lutheran Elementary. She was recruited by A Better Chance, Inc. a non-profit organization recruiting minority students to selective secondary schools. Plaskett was a boarding student at Choate Rosemary Hall, where she was a varsity athlete and served as class president for several years. Plaskett spent a term abroad in France during her enrollment at Choate. She often states that Choate awakened her commitment to public service and a deep sense of responsibility to others through the biblical verse "to whom much is given; much is required". She was one of few black students while she attended the school. In 1988, she graduated with a degree in history and diplomacy from the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University. Plaskett ran for student government at Georgetown under a progressive student ticket and was very active in the Anti-Apartheid Movement. As a student she spoke on behalf of universities in the DC area at the General Assembly of the United Nations. She received her J.D. degree from American University Washington College of Law in 1994. Plaskett attended law school at night while she worked full-time during the day with the lobbying arm of the American Medical Association and then with the law firm, Jones Day. In law school she studied constitutional law under her future colleague, Representative Jamie Raskin of Maryland. Career After graduating from law school, Plaskett accepted a position as an assistant district attorney in the Bronx, New York, under Robert T. Johnson. She prosecuted several hundred cases, including in the Narcotics Bureau. She then worked as a consultant and legal counsel focused on internal corporate investigations and strategy for the Mitchell Madison Group. Plaskett moved to Washington, D.C., and worked as counsel on the Republican-led US House of Representatives, Committee on Standards of Official Conduct; now known as the House Committee on Ethics or simply the Ethics Committee. Plaskett left the Committee when she was asked by mentor and fellow trustee at Choate, Robert McCallum to work at the United States Department of Justice as a political appointee of then-President George W. Bush. She accepted the offer and served as counsel for the assistant attorney general for the DOJ Civil Division, and also as acting deputy assistant attorney general for the Torts Branch in the Civil Division. Plaskett then joined the staff of Deputy Attorney General Larry Thompson, primarily working on the Justice Honors program and an initiative to increase the number of minority and women attorneys at the Justice Department. While in the Justice Civil Division, she also worked on the Terrorism Litigation Task Force, the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund and United States v. Philip Morris, the case against several major tobacco companies for violations of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) by engaging in a conspiracy to deceive the public about the health effects of smoking. After Larry Thompson resigned, Plaskett joined the staff of his successor James Comey. Plaskett later left government service to become a deputy general counsel at UnitedHealth Group. There, she worked in the Americhoice division, handling legal work related to Medicaid and Medicare programs. She then moved to the Virgin Islands, where she worked in private practice and from 2007 to 2014 served as general counsel for the Virgin Islands Economic Development Authority, charged with the economic development of the U.S. territory. Plaskett switched from the Republican Party to the Democratic Party in late-2008. She was initiated into Delta Sigma Theta sorority in 2019. U.S. House of Representatives Elections 2012 In 2012, Plaskett challenged nine-term delegate Donna Christian-Christensen in the Democratic Party primary. Plaskett was unsuccessful, receiving 42.49% of the vote to Christian-Christensen's 57.48%. 2014 In 2014, Plaskett ran for the office again, after formally declaring her candidacy in November 2013. In the Democratic Primary held on August 2, she faced Shawn-Micheal Malone, a Virgin Islands Senator, and Senate President, and Emmett Hansen, a former Virgin Islands Senator and Former chair of the Democratic Party of the Virgin Islands. She received 50.4% of the vote to Malone's 41.61% and Hansen's 7.92%. She later faced Republican Vince Danet in the General Election held on November 4. She received over 90% of the vote. 2016 Plaskett was challenged in the Democratic Party Primary by former Virgin Islands Senator Ronald Russell. Plaskett defeated Russell in the primary with 85.48% of the vote to his 14.04%. In the general election, she faced Republican Gordon Ackley, an Air Force veteran and business owner, who ran as a write-in candidate. Plaskett won the election in a landslide, garnering almost 98% of the vote. 2018 Plaskett won re-election unopposed in both the Democratic primary and the general election. 2020 Plaskett won re-election, defeating independent candidate Shekema George with 88.09% of the vote. Impeachment manager On January 12, 2021, Plaskett was named as a House impeachment manager for the second impeachment of Donald Trump in response to the storming of the United States Capitol on January 6, 2021. During the trial on February 10, 2021, she was introduced by her former constitutional law professor and lead impeachment manager Jamie Raskin of Maryland, who said she was "an 'A' student then and she is an 'A+' student now". Plaskett "presented House Democrats' argument that Trump played a leading role in both organizing and ordering the attack on the nation's citadel of democracy." Committee assignments 117th Congress Committee on Agriculture Subcommittee on Biotechnology, Horticulture and Research (Chair) Subcommittee on Commodity Exchanges, Energy and Credit Subcommittee on Livestock and Foreign Agriculture Committee on the Budget Committee on Ways and Means Subcommittee on Oversight Subcommittee on Select Revenue Measures Past memberships Committee on Agriculture Subcommittee on Nutrition Subcommittee on Livestock and Foreign Agriculture Committee on Oversight and Government Reform Subcommittee on Government Operations Subcommittee on Interior Caucus memberships New Democrat Coalition (Leadership Member) Congressional Black Caucus Climate Solutions Caucus Personal life Plaskett is married to Jonathan Buckney Small, a community activist and former professional tennis player. She has five children, four of them with Andre Duffy, her previous husband. She has served on numerous non-profit boards focused primarily on education, culture, and community development. See also List of African-American United States representatives Women in the United States House of Representatives References External links Congresswoman Stacey Plaskett official U.S. House website Plaskett for Congress campaign website |- 1966 births 21st-century American politicians 21st-century American women politicians African-American lawyers African-American members of the United States House of Representatives African-American people in United States Virgin Island politics African-American women in politics African-American women lawyers American women lawyers Choate Rosemary Hall alumni Delegates to the United States House of Representatives from the United States Virgin Islands Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives Democratic Party of the Virgin Islands politicians Female members of the United States House of Representatives Georgetown University alumni Living people Politicians from Brooklyn United States Virgin Islands lawyers United States Virgin Islands women in politics Washington College of Law alumni Brooklyn Friends School alumni People from Bushwick, Brooklyn American people of United States Virgin Islands descent 21st-century African-American women 21st-century African-American politicians 20th-century African-American people 20th-century African-American women

<mask> (; born May 13, 1966) is an American politician, attorney, and commentator. She is a delegate to the United States House of Representatives from the United States Virgin Islands' (USVI) at-large congressional district. Plaskett has practiced law in New York City, Washington, D.C., and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Prior to 2008, Plaskett was a member of the Republican Party, and was appointed by President George W. Bush to serve in the Civil Division of the United States Department of Justice. Plaskett switched to the Democratic Party in late 2008 because she believed it was a better place to have new ideas heard. Plaskett served as a House manager during the second impeachment trial of Donald Trump, the first non-voting member of the House of Representatives to do so. Early life and education Plaskett was born on May 13, 1966, in Brooklyn, New York and grew up in the Bushwick, New York, housing projects.Her parents are both from Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands; Her father was a New York City Police Department officer and her mother a clerk in the court system. Her family regularly traveled to Saint Croix during her childhood, so she became familiar with island traditions and culture. Her parents' home in New York was often home for students and other recent migrants moving to the mainland from the Virgin Islands. Plaskett attended Brooklyn Friends School (a Quaker school) and Grace Lutheran Elementary. She was recruited by A Better Chance, Inc. a non-profit organization recruiting minority students to selective secondary schools. Plaskett was a boarding student at Choate Rosemary Hall, where she was a varsity athlete and served as class president for several years. Plaskett spent a term abroad in France during her enrollment at Choate.She often states that Choate awakened her commitment to public service and a deep sense of responsibility to others through the biblical verse "to whom much is given; much is required". She was one of few black students while she attended the school. In 1988, she graduated with a degree in history and diplomacy from the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University. Plaskett ran for student government at Georgetown under a progressive student ticket and was very active in the Anti-Apartheid Movement. As a student she spoke on behalf of universities in the DC area at the General Assembly of the United Nations. She received her J.D. degree from American University Washington College of Law in 1994.Plaskett attended law school at night while she worked full-time during the day with the lobbying arm of the American Medical Association and then with the law firm, Jones Day. In law school she studied constitutional law under her future colleague, Representative Jamie Raskin of Maryland. Career After graduating from law school, Plaskett accepted a position as an assistant district attorney in the Bronx, New York, under Robert T. Johnson. She prosecuted several hundred cases, including in the Narcotics Bureau. She then worked as a consultant and legal counsel focused on internal corporate investigations and strategy for the Mitchell Madison Group. Plaskett moved to Washington, D.C., and worked as counsel on the Republican-led US House of Representatives, Committee on Standards of Official Conduct; now known as the House Committee on Ethics or simply the Ethics Committee. Plaskett left the Committee when she was asked by mentor and fellow trustee at Choate, Robert McCallum to work at the United States Department of Justice as a political appointee of then-President George W. Bush.She accepted the offer and served as counsel for the assistant attorney general for the DOJ Civil Division, and also as acting deputy assistant attorney general for the Torts Branch in the Civil Division. Plaskett then joined the staff of Deputy Attorney General Larry Thompson, primarily working on the Justice Honors program and an initiative to increase the number of minority and women attorneys at the Justice Department. While in the Justice Civil Division, she also worked on the Terrorism Litigation Task Force, the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund and United States v. Philip Morris, the case against several major tobacco companies for violations of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) by engaging in a conspiracy to deceive the public about the health effects of smoking. After Larry Thompson resigned, Plaskett joined the staff of his successor James Comey. Plaskett later left government service to become a deputy general counsel at UnitedHealth Group. There, she worked in the Americhoice division, handling legal work related to Medicaid and Medicare programs. She then moved to the Virgin Islands, where she worked in private practice and from 2007 to 2014 served as general counsel for the Virgin Islands Economic Development Authority, charged with the economic development of the U.S. territory.Plaskett switched from the Republican Party to the Democratic Party in late-2008. She was initiated into Delta Sigma Theta sorority in 2019. U.S. House of Representatives Elections 2012 In 2012, Plaskett challenged nine-term delegate Donna Christian-Christensen in the Democratic Party primary. Plaskett was unsuccessful, receiving 42.49% of the vote to Christian-Christensen's 57.48%. 2014 In 2014, Plaskett ran for the office again, after formally declaring her candidacy in November 2013. In the Democratic Primary held on August 2, she faced Shawn-Micheal Malone, a Virgin Islands Senator, and Senate President, and Emmett Hansen, a former Virgin Islands Senator and Former chair of the Democratic Party of the Virgin Islands. She received 50.4% of the vote to Malone's 41.61% and Hansen's 7.92%.She later faced Republican Vince Danet in the General Election held on November 4. She received over 90% of the vote. 2016 Plaskett was challenged in the Democratic Party Primary by former Virgin Islands Senator Ronald Russell. Plaskett defeated Russell in the primary with 85.48% of the vote to his 14.04%. In the general election, she faced Republican Gordon Ackley, an Air Force veteran and business owner, who ran as a write-in candidate. Plaskett won the election in a landslide, garnering almost 98% of the vote. 2018 <mask> won re-election unopposed in both the Democratic primary and the general election.2020 Plaskett won re-election, defeating independent candidate Shekema George with 88.09% of the vote. Impeachment manager On January 12, 2021, Plaskett was named as a House impeachment manager for the second impeachment of Donald Trump in response to the storming of the United States Capitol on January 6, 2021. During the trial on February 10, 2021, she was introduced by her former constitutional law professor and lead impeachment manager Jamie Raskin of Maryland, who said she was "an 'A' student then and she is an 'A+' student now". Plaskett "presented House Democrats' argument that Trump played a leading role in both organizing and ordering the attack on the nation's citadel of democracy." Committee assignments 117th Congress Committee on Agriculture Subcommittee on Biotechnology, Horticulture and Research (Chair) Subcommittee on Commodity Exchanges, Energy and Credit Subcommittee on Livestock and Foreign Agriculture Committee on the Budget Committee on Ways and Means Subcommittee on Oversight Subcommittee on Select Revenue Measures Past memberships Committee on Agriculture Subcommittee on Nutrition Subcommittee on Livestock and Foreign Agriculture Committee on Oversight and Government Reform Subcommittee on Government Operations Subcommittee on Interior Caucus memberships New Democrat Coalition (Leadership Member) Congressional Black Caucus Climate Solutions Caucus Personal life Plaskett is married to Jonathan Buckney Small, a community activist and former professional tennis player. She has five children, four of them with Andre Duffy, her previous husband. She has served on numerous non-profit boards focused primarily on education, culture, and community development.See also List of African-American United States representatives Women in the United States House of Representatives References External links Congresswoman <mask>t official U.S. House website Plaskett for Congress campaign website |- 1966 births 21st-century American politicians 21st-century American women politicians African-American lawyers African-American members of the United States House of Representatives African-American people in United States Virgin Island politics African-American women in politics African-American women lawyers American women lawyers Choate Rosemary Hall alumni Delegates to the United States House of Representatives from the United States Virgin Islands Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives Democratic Party of the Virgin Islands politicians Female members of the United States House of Representatives Georgetown University alumni Living people Politicians from Brooklyn United States Virgin Islands lawyers United States Virgin Islands women in politics Washington College of Law alumni Brooklyn Friends School alumni People from Bushwick, Brooklyn American people of United States Virgin Islands descent 21st-century African-American women 21st-century African-American politicians 20th-century African-American people 20th-century African-American women

She is an American politician, attorney, and commentator. She is a delegate from the United States Virgin Islands to the United States House of Representatives. In New York City, Washington, D.C., and the U.S. Virgin Islands, Plaskett has practiced law. Plaskett was appointed to the Civil Division of the United States Department of Justice by President George W. Bush, who was a member of the Republican Party. She switched to the Democratic Party because she thought it was a better place to have new ideas heard. During the second impeachment trial of Donald Trump, he was the first non-voting member of the House of Representatives to serve as a House manager. Plaskett was born on May 13, 1966 in Brooklyn, New York and grew up in a housing project.Her father was a New York City Police Department officer and her mother was a clerk in the court system. During her childhood, she was familiar with the island's traditions and culture. Students and other recent migrants from the Virgin Islands often went to her parents' home in New York. Brooklyn Friends School and Grace Lutheran Elementary were where Plaskett attended. She was recruited by a non-profit organization. She served as class president for several years at Choate Rosemary Hall, where she was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 During her time at Choate, Plaskett spent a term in France.She often states that Choate awakened her commitment to public service and a deep sense of responsibility to others. She was one of the few black students in the school. She graduated from the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University with a degree in history and diplomacy. He ran for student government at Georgetown under a progressive student ticket and was active in the anti-apartheid movement. She spoke at the General Assembly of the United Nations as a student. She got her J.D. The degree was obtained from the American University Washington College of Law.While attending law school, she worked full-time with the American Medical Association and the law firm of Jones Day. She studied constitutional law at law school. After graduating from law school, Plaskett accepted a position as an assistant district attorney in the Bronx, New York. She worked in the narcotics bureau. She worked for the Mitchell Madison Group as a consultant and legal counsel. The Republican-led US House of Representatives, Committee on Standards of Official Conduct, is now known as the House Committee on Ethics. She left the Committee when she was asked to work for the United States Department of Justice as a political appointee of George W. Bush.She served as acting deputy assistant attorney general in the Civil Division and as counsel for the assistant attorney general in the Civil Division. There is an initiative to increase the number of minority and women attorneys at the Justice Department. The September 11th Victim Compensation Fund was one of the cases she worked on while in the Justice Civil Division. After Larry Thompson resigned, he joined the staff of his successor. At UnitedHealth Group, Plaskett became a deputy general counsel. She worked in the Americhoice division, handling legal work for Medicaid and Medicare programs. She worked in private practice and as general counsel for the Virgin Islands Economic Development Authority, which was charged with the economic development of the U.S. territory.The Republican Party was replaced by the Democratic Party in late 2008. She was initiated into a group of people. Donna Christian-Christensen was challenged in the Democratic Party primary by Plaskett. Christian-Christensen received 57.48% of the vote and was unsuccessful. After formally declaring her candidacy in November, <mask> ran for the office again. She faced Shawn-Micheal Malone, a Virgin Islands Senator, and Senate President, as well as a former Virgin Islands Senator and former chair of the Democratic Party of the Virgin Islands, in the Democratic Primary held on August 2. She received 50.4% of the vote.The General Election was held on November 4. She got over 90 percent of the vote. Ronald Russell was a former Virgin Islands Senator. In the primary, Russell was defeated by Plaskett with 85.48% of the vote. Gordon Ackley, an Air Force veteran and business owner, ran as a write-in candidate in the general election. The election was won by <mask> with 98% of the vote. In both the Democratic primary and the general election, <mask> was re-elected.The independent candidate Shekema George was defeated by <mask> in the 2020 election. The impeachment manager for the second impeachment of Donald Trump was named on January 12, 2021, after the storming of the United States Capitol. During the trial on February 10, 2021, she was introduced by her former constitutional law professor and lead impeachment manager, who said she was "an 'A' student then and she is an 'A+' student now". House Democrats argued that Trump played a leading role in both organizing and ordering the attack on the nation's citadel of democracy. The Budget Committee on Ways and Means Subcommittee on Oversight Subcommittee on Select Revenue Measures has been assigned to the Agriculture Subcommittee on Nutrition. She has four children with her previous husband. She has served on many non-profit boards focused on education, culture, and community development.There is a List of African-American United States representatives Women in the United States House of Representatives.

4178119

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian%20Joachim

Julian Joachim

Julian Kevin Joachim (born 20 September 1974) is an English former professional footballer who plays as a forward for Bourne Town. He is also an advisor at Europa Point in the Gibraltar National League. During his professional career he initially played from 1992 until 2011, but he came out of retirement in 2013. Joachim notably played in the Premier League for Leicester City and Aston Villa, having also played in the Football League for Coventry City, Leeds United, Walsall, Boston United and Darlington and was capped nine times by England U21, scoring one goal. Over the course of his career in professional football, he scored over 100 league goals and accumulated over 450 league appearances and played in the 2000 FA Cup Final. Since 2008 he has been a non-league football journeyman and has played for King's Lynn, Thurmaston Town, Quorn, Hinckley United, Holbeach United, Coalville Town, Oadby Town, Shepshed Dynamo, Holwell Sports, Newark Town, Radcliffe Olympic, Aslockton & Orston and Bourne Town. Playing career Joachim came through the youth system at Leicester City, and went on to score the club's first ever Premier League goal on the opening day of the 1994–95 season in a 3–1 home defeat to Newcastle United. He was sold to Aston Villa in 1996 for £1.5 million, making his debut for them as a substitute against Wimbledon on 24 February 1996. He was cup-tied for their victory in the 1996 Football League Cup Final having played in the competition for Leicester City earlier that season. Playing for Villa, he appeared in the 2001 American crime thriller, Hannibal, briefly seen on a TV screen playing in the background. After five seasons in the Premiership, Joachim dropped down a division to play for the relegated Coventry City in a deal that saw Villa exchange Joachim plus £2 million for Mustapha Hadji. In 2004 Joachim moved to Leeds United, a club heavily in debt and in the process of rebuilding an inexpensive team, on a free transfer. He made 10 starts and 17 substitute appearances in the league for Leeds that year, but could only deliver two goals before being loaned out to Walsall for the final two months of the season. After turning down Walsall he dropped down another division to League Two. Joachim spent the 2005–06 season with Boston United whom he joined in July 2005. He moved to another League Two side, Darlington, for a club record fee of £100,000 on 14 August 2006. Despite making 40 league appearances and scoring 9 goals as Darlington reached the play-offs, Joachim was released at the end of the 2007–08 season. He subsequently moved into non-league football, signing with newly promoted Conference North side King's Lynn in June 2008. Budget cuts following King's Lynns's demotion to the Northern Premier League Premier Division in May 2009, resulted in Julian not being offered fresh terms for the 2009–2010 season. Local reports in June 2009 linked him with a return Boston United. He briefly played as an amateur in the Leicestershire Senior League for Thurmaston Town at the start of the 2009–10 season, but a couple of weeks later he signed semi professional terms with Quorn. Joachim signed on for United Counties Premier Division side, Holbeach United for the 2010/11 season. On 14 July 2011 Joachim, aged 36, re-signed for Boston United on non-contract basis. On 26 August 2011, after only making one league appearance, Joachim was released after failing to impress in his second spell with The Pilgrims. In August 2013 Joachim, aged 38, came out of retirement and re-signed with United Counties League Premier Division side Holbeach United for the 2013–14 season. On 17 October 2014 Joachim signed for Midland League Premier Division side Shepshed Dynamo. On 14 July 2016 Joachim signed for Newark Town. At the start of the 2017–18 season Joachim signed for East Midlands Counties League side Radcliffe Olympic. On 5 July 2018 Joachim signed for Notts Senior League side Aslockton & Orston. A year later, he joined Gibraltar National League side Europa Point as a player and advisor, as part of the club's collaboration with Player Trader. However, he departed the club in October without playing a game, joining Bourne Town that month. International career Joachim starred in the England National Under-18 side that won the European U-18 Championships in 1993. He also had nine England Under-21 caps to his name before he was called up by St. Vincent and the Grenadines to represent them at senior level. However, due to him playing for England at U21 level he was ineligible to play for the Caribbean team, only being informed of this upon arrival in St. Vincent for a World Cup qualifier in April 2000. Due to a FIFA rules change that now allows players to switch nationalities unless they have played a competitive senior international, Joachim is now eligible to play for Saint Vincent. He was part of England's U20 squad that finished third at the 1993 FIFA World Youth Championship in Australia. He scored England's winning goal in their 2–1 third place play-off win over Australia at the Sydney Football Stadium. References External links England FA profile Profile and stats at FoxesTalk 1974 births Living people Sportspeople from Peterborough English footballers England under-21 international footballers England youth international footballers Association football forwards Leicester City F.C. players Aston Villa F.C. players Coventry City F.C. players Europa Point F.C. players Leeds United F.C. players Walsall F.C. players Boston United F.C. players Darlington F.C. players King's Lynn F.C. players Quorn F.C. players Hinckley United F.C. players Holbeach United F.C. players Coalville Town F.C. players Oadby Town F.C. players Shepshed Dynamo F.C. players Holwell Sports F.C. players Newark Town F.C. players English Football League players Premier League players National League (English football) players English people of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines descent East Midlands Counties Football League players FA Cup Final players

<mask> (born 20 September 1974) is an English former professional footballer who plays as a forward for Bourne Town. He is also an advisor at Europa Point in the Gibraltar National League. During his professional career he initially played from 1992 until 2011, but he came out of retirement in 2013. <mask> notably played in the Premier League for Leicester City and Aston Villa, having also played in the Football League for Coventry City, Leeds United, Walsall, Boston United and Darlington and was capped nine times by England U21, scoring one goal. Over the course of his career in professional football, he scored over 100 league goals and accumulated over 450 league appearances and played in the 2000 FA Cup Final. Since 2008 he has been a non-league football journeyman and has played for King's Lynn, Thurmaston Town, Quorn, Hinckley United, Holbeach United, Coalville Town, Oadby Town, Shepshed Dynamo, Holwell Sports, Newark Town, Radcliffe Olympic, Aslockton & Orston and Bourne Town. Playing career <mask> came through the youth system at Leicester City, and went on to score the club's first ever Premier League goal on the opening day of the 1994–95 season in a 3–1 home defeat to Newcastle United.He was sold to Aston Villa in 1996 for £1.5 million, making his debut for them as a substitute against Wimbledon on 24 February 1996. He was cup-tied for their victory in the 1996 Football League Cup Final having played in the competition for Leicester City earlier that season. Playing for Villa, he appeared in the 2001 American crime thriller, Hannibal, briefly seen on a TV screen playing in the background. After five seasons in the Premiership, <mask> dropped down a division to play for the relegated Coventry City in a deal that saw Villa exchange <mask> plus £2 million for Mustapha Hadji. In 2004 <mask> moved to Leeds United, a club heavily in debt and in the process of rebuilding an inexpensive team, on a free transfer. He made 10 starts and 17 substitute appearances in the league for Leeds that year, but could only deliver two goals before being loaned out to Walsall for the final two months of the season. After turning down Walsall he dropped down another division to League Two.<mask> spent the 2005–06 season with Boston United whom he joined in July 2005. He moved to another League Two side, Darlington, for a club record fee of £100,000 on 14 August 2006. Despite making 40 league appearances and scoring 9 goals as Darlington reached the play-offs, <mask> was released at the end of the 2007–08 season. He subsequently moved into non-league football, signing with newly promoted Conference North side King's Lynn in June 2008. Budget cuts following King's Lynns's demotion to the Northern Premier League Premier Division in May 2009, resulted in <mask> not being offered fresh terms for the 2009–2010 season. Local reports in June 2009 linked him with a return Boston United. He briefly played as an amateur in the Leicestershire Senior League for Thurmaston Town at the start of the 2009–10 season, but a couple of weeks later he signed semi professional terms with Quorn.<mask> signed on for United Counties Premier Division side, Holbeach United for the 2010/11 season. On 14 July 2011 <mask>, aged 36, re-signed for Boston United on non-contract basis. On 26 August 2011, after only making one league appearance, <mask> was released after failing to impress in his second spell with The Pilgrims. In August 2013 <mask>, aged 38, came out of retirement and re-signed with United Counties League Premier Division side Holbeach United for the 2013–14 season. On 17 October 2014 <mask> signed for Midland League Premier Division side Shepshed Dynamo. On 14 July 2016 <mask> signed for Newark Town. At the start of the 2017–18 season <mask> signed for East Midlands Counties League side Radcliffe Olympic.On 5 July 2018 <mask> signed for Notts Senior League side Aslockton & Orston. A year later, he joined Gibraltar National League side Europa Point as a player and advisor, as part of the club's collaboration with Player Trader. However, he departed the club in October without playing a game, joining Bourne Town that month. International career <mask> starred in the England National Under-18 side that won the European U-18 Championships in 1993. He also had nine England Under-21 caps to his name before he was called up by St. Vincent and the Grenadines to represent them at senior level. However, due to him playing for England at U21 level he was ineligible to play for the Caribbean team, only being informed of this upon arrival in St. Vincent for a World Cup qualifier in April 2000. Due to a FIFA rules change that now allows players to switch nationalities unless they have played a competitive senior international, <mask> is now eligible to play for Saint Vincent.He was part of England's U20 squad that finished third at the 1993 FIFA World Youth Championship in Australia. He scored England's winning goal in their 2–1 third place play-off win over Australia at the Sydney Football Stadium. References External links England FA profile Profile and stats at FoxesTalk 1974 births Living people Sportspeople from Peterborough English footballers England under-21 international footballers England youth international footballers Association football forwards Leicester City F.C. players Aston Villa F.C. players Coventry City F.C. players Europa Point F.C. players Leeds United F.C.players Walsall F.C. players Boston United F.C. players Darlington F.C. players King's Lynn F.C. players Quorn F.C. players Hinckley United F.C. players Holbeach United F.C.players Coalville Town F.C. players Oadby Town F.C. players Shepshed Dynamo F.C. players Holwell Sports F.C. players Newark Town F.C. players English Football League players Premier League players National League (English football) players English people of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines descent East Midlands Counties Football League players FA Cup Final players

He is a former professional footballer who plays as a forward for Bourne Town. He is an advisor at the Gibraltar National League. He came out of retirement in 2013). He was capped nine times by England U21, scoring one goal, and played in the Football League for a number of teams, includingLeicester City and Villa. He scored over 100 league goals and played in the 2000 FA Cup Final during his professional football career. He has played for non-league football teams such as King's Lynn, Thurmaston Town, Quorn, Hinckley United, Holbeach United, Coalville Town and Oadby Town. He scored the first ever goal for the club on the opening day of the 1994–95 season in a 3–1 home defeat to Newcastle United.He made his Villa debut as a substitute against Wimbledon on February 24, 1996. He was cup-tied for their victory in the 1996 Football League Cup Final because he had played in the competition earlier that season. He played for Villa and appeared in the 2001 American crime thriller, "Hannibal", which was briefly shown on a TV screen. In a deal that saw Villa exchange <mask> for Mustapha Hadji, he dropped down from the top flight to play in the second tier. A club heavily in debt and in the process of rebuilding an inexpensive team, on a free transfer, was where <mask>an not being offered fresh terms for the 2009–2010 season. In June 2009, he was linked with a return to Boston United. He signed a semi professional contract with Quorn after playing for Thurmaston Town as an amateur.Holbeach United signed on <mask> for the 2010/2011 season. On July 14, 2011, <mask> re-signed for Boston United on a non-contract basis. After failing to impress in his second spell with The Pilgrims, he was released on August 26, 2011. In August of last year, <mask> came out of retirement and re-signed with Holbeach United for the upcoming season. Shepshed Dynamo signed <mask> on 17 October of last year. On July 14, 2016 he signed for Newark Town. At the start of the season, he joined Radcliffe Olympic.On July 5, 2018, <mask> joined Aslockton & Orston. As part of the club's collaboration with Player Trader, he joined Gibraltar National League side Europa Point as a player and advisor. He joined Bourne Town in October after leaving the club. The England National Under-18 side won the European U-18 Championships in 1993. He had nine England Under-21 caps to his name before he was called up by St.Vincent and the Grenadines. He was ineligible to play for the Caribbean team because he was playing for England at U21 level. Due to a change in rules, players can switch nationalities if they have played in a senior international for their country.He was part of England's U20 squad that finished third at the 1993 World Youth Championship. He scored the winning goal in England's win over Australia in the third place play-off. There are links to England FA profile and statistics at FoxesTalk. The players are from Villa F.C. The players are from City F.C. The players are at Europa Point F.C. The players are fromLeeds United F.C.The players are from the F.C. The players are from Boston United F.C. The players are from Darlington F.C. The players are from King's Lynn F.C. The players are Quorn F.C. The players are from Hinckley United F.C. The players are from Holbeach United F.C.Coalville Town F.C. has players. The players are from Oadby Town F.C. Shepshed is a player for the F.C. Holwell Sports F.C. has players. The players are from Newark Town F.C. The English people of SaintVincent and the Grenadines are descended from the East Midlands Counties Football League.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Antonyuk

Michael Antonyuk

Michael Yakovlevich Antonyuk (Russian: Михаил Яковлевич Антонюк; (12 March 1935 – 14 April 1993) was a prominent honorary artist of the Republic of Kazakhstan, a monumentalist, and member of Union of Artists of the USSR. Regarded as an influential Avant-garde artist during the Socialist realism era, Michael Antonyuk combined elements of Cubism, Soviet avant-garde and Modernism. Antonyuk was an endowed painter known for oil on canvas. His artistic skill managed to express his own style, although early work shows the influence of Post-Impressionism and Cezannism, for example; "Portrait of the Artist's wife".[Wikicommons art and citation] His artistic repertoire is attributed to the influence of Taras Shevchenko's Academic Art, the Impressionism of Henri Matisse and Vincent van Gogh, the Cubism of Fernand Leger and Pablo Picasso, and the geometric abstractionism of Kazimir Malevich. Antonyuk's widespread artistic discography encompassed Stained glass, Mosaic, encaustic accretion technique, Lithography, Mixed media, and Photography in addition to collaborative works with various soviet artists. According to Valentin Pak, art historian and former Director of the Museum of Modern Art, Kazakhstan, Astana (former Tselinograd) "...Michael Yakovlevich worked as an artist on an expansive theme of an all-encompassing palette. The vast expression in his paintings harmonize with today's movement, so we can say that his art is true modernism". Early Childhood Michael Yakovlevich Antonyuk was born on 12 March 1935 in Tulychiv, Volyn Oblast, Ukraine. He was the oldest child of simple villagers Marusya Antonyuk and Yakov Karpovich Antonyuk. A talented composer who played several instruments, his father instilled in Michael art appreciation and the love of native nature. He developed an attentive awareness to his surroundings, embracing vivid Ukrainian culture. Michael Antonyuk saw a vibrant color, and his paintings would later illuminate all the hues of the rainbow. The significance of Antonyuk's color harmonic expression derived from traditional Ukrainian folklore. WWII At the age of 6, Michael Antonyuk fled with his little 3 sisters and mother into the forest to escape the burning of his village Tulychiv. During World War II, he began to draw with vine charcoal, made from burned sticks due to the scarcity of pencils. ***add artwork "burnt village" and "cry". Citation needed of childhood reflection Education After high school, Michael Yakovlevich Antonyuk joined the Monumental Painting Department at The Lviv National Academy of Arts, Ukraine (former Lviv Institute of Decorative and Applied Art). He trained under world renowned artists such as Roman Yulianovich Selsky (1903 - 1990), Ukrainian and Soviet painter, educator, professor, and Honorary People's Artist of Ukraine (1989). Selskiy was a beloved Professor of Antonyuk, and colleagues. Roman Selsky instilled comprehensive artistic knowledge in his students, teaching the technical disciplines of the great impressionists: Paul Cézanne, Vincent van Gogh, Henri Matisse, and Pablo Picasso. Selsky is known for teaching Color theory, revealing Harmony (color) in picturesque canvases of Diego Velazquez, Peter Paul Rubens, Claude Monet, Edouard Manet, and Eugène Delacroix. Learning the fundamental methodology of the great European Colorists laid the foundation for Antonyuk's creative principles. Art Dissertation T.G. Shevchenko. 120x100, 1961, plywood, encaustic accretion technique. "Katerina", 120x100, 1961, oil on canvas. This graduation work was made in collaboration with Vasiliy Tovtin. USSR Ukraine Michael Antonyuk graduated from the Lviv State Institute of Applied and Decorative Arts in 1961 with government clearance and credentials. He was given various monumental art prospects in the capital of Ukraine, Kiev. In addition, Khrushchev's Thaw created an allure for exploration and development of vast wild Tselina steppes and virgin land. The greatest migration in soviet history attracted research teams, scientists, and graduates from Moscow, Leningrad, and The Republic of Ukraine. The Virgin Lands Campaign led to the great migration of the early 1960s, representing the 15 different republics of the Soviet Union, including diverse nationalities. Kazakhstan In 1961, in the town of Akmolinsk, Kazakhstan, young intellectuals from the institutes of Moscow, Leningrad, Ukraine began to arrive by train. Michael Antonyuk settled among the spacious land in Kazakh Steppe (Republic of Kazakhstan, former Soviet Union). Michael fell in love with the fertile land full of wild tulips and clover steppes. In 1962, he decided to stay and work, committing himself to this new world. Antonyuk began a series of paintings depicting traditional and nomadic lifestyle, featuring "Holiday Yurt", "Aqsaqal", "Mother", "Festival at Lake Tengiz", and "Still Life With Fish", 60x60, 1963, oil on canvas; Fragment. [wikicommons artwork & citation] "Michael Antonyuk arrived in Tselinograd in 1961, the same year the Kazakh space exploration launched the first manned spacecraft. Among the two main themes - virgin and space - were inextricably merged into the artist's work: "Tselina lives", "resort Borovoe", "Tselinnaya LEP", "Mangyshlak", "Tselinny bread", "Tselinnoe Priishimya", "Earth and Space", " The man and the Earth "," Intercosmos "and others. One of the works called "Celina over the planet." For the artist, it is not just a metaphor: expanses of virgin land and space open spaces are equally close to his worldview. I asked his son: "Native land for Michael Antonyuk - is it Ukraine or Kazakhstan?". - "It seems to me, more than all the same Kazakhstan", - said Yaroslav. The artist studied the national culture of Kazakhstan and loved the land. Without love and deep understanding, one can not create works that his colleague Ivan Svitich said, "Antoniuk painted his masterpieces with a different colorful richness. The joy of color, clarity of rhythm, the solemnity of the composition, woven from the Kazakh ornament, spikes, cars, rockets, yurts, national costumes." ( "Yurt", "Dastarkhan," "The holiday," "The People's mistress from Aji village"). -Natalya Kurpyakova, Kazakhskaya Pravda Growth and construction of the city prompted development in Akmola (former name of Astana) monumental decorative art. The transformation of Akmolinsk into Tselinograd was successful due to the commitment of project managers, city planners and productive administrators. The creativity of Michael Antonyuk became of service to the aesthetic decorative land development of Tselinograd districts and neighboring towns. In 1963, Michael Antonyuk cofounded The Tselinograd regional branch of the Union of Artists of Kazakhstan and served as the first chairman on The Board of the Union of artists of USSR. 1969 Finalist in the International Photography 7th Exhibition in Romania. "Old man from Uzbekistan", 100x200 cm black and white photo. (Awarded 2nd place) [wikicommons artwork & citation] Participation in the all Union exhibition in Moscow. "Still life with Cactus", 120x90, 1969, oil on canvas; + Fragments [wikicommons artwork & citation] "Mother", 85x85, oil on canvas, 1969. [wikicommons artwork & citation] 1972 Completed Relief with Mosaic "Print and Kosmos" on printing press & typography building (Бейбитшилик) in Tselinograd. 8-month project in collaboration with Vasily Ivanovich Tovtin. Commissioned from Kazakh government as an aesthetic monument to beautify the city.[wikicommons artwork & citation] Exhibition of fine arts of Kazakhstan, Alma-Ata. "Mangyshlak", 150x140, 1972, Tempera on canvas. "Recolection", 200x100, 1972 Tempera on canvas. Sabbatical leave to Morocco, France and Cuba. 1982 "Signs of the Zodiac", Palace of Wedding Ceremonies in the city of Tselinograd. Дворец бракосочетаний. Уже снесли. Stained glass windows in the Palace of Ceremonies. Completed in 1982, each module was manually made. Featuring imported glass from Neman Belarus with a thickness of 25–30 mm. This series was framed on the surface texture of the building, which deflected sunlight to enhance the expressiveness. Technique: Fastened panes with mortar and metal armature. Demolished in 1990 [wikicommons photography & citations] "Landscape and Still Life". Республиканская выставка, Almaty Kazakhstan 1984 "Flora of Kazakhstan" and "Industry", 4x6 meters, Collaborative work between Michael Antonyuk and Vasily Ivanovich Tovtin. Completed in 1984 in the hotel "Abay", Astana (formerly known as "Tourist" in the city of Tselinograd) Final Years On the 40th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War, Michael Antonyuk painted "The Tragedy of Volyn village Kortelisy." (Ukraine). In 1986, Michael Antonyuk was honored in a 50-year birthday biography publication by Ivan Svitich. [Translation of magazine & citation]. In 1992, Michael Antonyuk was awarded the title of Honored Artist of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Michael fell ill in 1993, and subsequently diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. Antonyuk suffered a stroke, and died at the age of 58 on 14 April 1993. He is interred in City Cemetery, Saryarka District, in Astana, Kazakhstan. He is survived by his children, Oksana Antonyuk (Master of Architecture, NYC) and Yaroslav Antonyuk (Artist, Architect & Interior Designer, Astana). Legacy Michael Yakovlevich Antonyuk dedicated his career of monumental artwork to his nationalist admiration for Kazakhstan. Art historians focus on the fact that his art reflects the inner world of Michael and his thoughts. According to Natalya Kurpyakova, deputy editor-in-chief of Niva Magazine, "Michael's artistic work has appeared in the public service of social needs in construction, district towns, state and collective farms. He was elected a member of the USSR and the Kazakh SSR, under the Central Auditing Commission of the Union of Artists. Fourteen years he served as chairman of the Tselinograd Union of Artists of Kazakhstan. He was conferred the title of Honored Artist of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Muralist, avant-garde Soviet realism and the Union of Artists since 1963." His art studio walls are densely covered with canvas. The paintings of Michael Antonyuk are found in the Museum of Modern Art, Astana, Kazakhstan in addition to private collections. Works 1967 Цветное фото Дворца Целинников. Автор: Антонюк М. Я., 1967 г. 1970 "Aggression", 163x103, 1970, oil on canvas. [wikicommons artwork & citation] 1971 Exhibition of fine arts of Kazakhstan, Tselinograd. 1973 Montmartre, from the series "Paris", 100x70, 1973, Mixed media, Lithography. "Paris", 100x70, 1973, Mixed media, Lithography. [fragment] [wikicommons photography & citations] "Festival at Lake Tengiz", 160x150, 1973, tempera, canvas. 1974 Otium tour of Hungary and Czechoslovakia. Union of Artists of the USSR traveling exhibition in Kazakhstan. "Sugar Cane", 90x90, 1974, oil on canvas. 1975 Ivan Fomich Svitich joined the Union of Artists, as Michael Antonyuk was Organizer and Chairman of the Union of Artists in former Soviet Union republic of Kazakhstan. Creative journey in Crimea. 1976 "On Holiday" 160x160, 1976, tempera on canvas. "Dastarkhān", 170x115, 1976, tempera on canvas. "Holiday Yurt", 40x47, 1976, ink, graphics, etching. "Yurts", 75x70, 1976, ink, graphics, etching. 1977 "Old Aqsaqal", 50x70, 1977, felt pen. 1980 "Golden Steppe", 1980, 7x9 meters, ceramic mosaic. Commissioned for the House of Culture located in Vozdvyzhensky, Kazakhstan. A tribute to classical and folklore composer Kurmangazy Sagyrbaev. 1981 "Victor Jara", 140x100, 1981, tempera, canvas. 1985 "The Tragedy of Volyn Village Kortelisy in Ukraine", 200x100, 1985, tempera on canvas. Notes Roman Yulianovich Selsky, 1903-1989 Artist, Professor of Fine Art Tulychiv, native village of Michael Yakovlevich Antonyuk, in Turiysk district of Volyn region, Ukraine Monumental Art, from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 1979 Yaroslav Mikhailovich Antonyuk, artistic protégé and son of Michael Yakovlevich Antonyuk Mangyshlak, Tjuk-Karagaj cape on Mangyshlak peninsula, by Taras Shevchenko Complete Works in 10 volumes. – Kyiv: ed. Academy of sciences of UkrSSR, 1964, Vol. 9, No. 60, p. 38. Abay, "Flora of Kazakhstan" and "Industry", 4x6 meters, collaborative work between Michael Antonyuk and Vasily Ivanovich Tovtin. Completed in 1984 in the hotel "Abay", Astana (formerly known as "Tourist" in the city of Tselinograd) Palace of Wedding Ceremonies, "Signs of the Zodiac", in the city of Tselinograd. Дворец бракосочетаний. Уже снесли. Stained glass windows in the Palace of Ceremonies. Completed in 1982 References External links Roman Yulianovich Selsky, 1903-1989 Artist, Professor of Fine Art Tulychiv, native village of Michael Yakovlevich Antonyuk, in Turiysk district of Volyn region, Ukraine Monumental Art, from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 1979 Yaroslav Mikhailovich Antonyuk, artistic protégé and son of Michael Yakovlevich Antonyuk Mangyshlak, Tjuk-Karagaj cape on Mangyshlak peninsula, by Taras Shevchenko Complete Works in 10 volumes. – Kyiv: ed. Academy of sciences of UkrSSR, 1964, Vol. 9, No. 60, p. 38. Abay, "Flora of Kazakhstan" and "Industry", 4x6 meters, collaborative work between Michael Antonyuk and Vasily Ivanovich Tovtin. Completed in 1984 in the hotel "Abay", Astana (formerly known as "Tourist" in the city of Tselinograd) Palace of Wedding Ceremonies, "Signs of the Zodiac", in the city of Tselinograd. Дворец бракосочетаний. Уже снесли. Stained glass windows in the Palace of Ceremonies. Completed in 1982 1935 births 1993 deaths People from Volyn Oblast People from Wołyń Voivodeship (1921–1939) Soviet painters Ukrainian painters Ukrainian male painters Kazakhstani painters Kazakhstani people of Ukrainian descent

<mask> (Russian: Михаил Яковлевич Антонюк; (12 March 1935 – 14 April 1993) was a prominent honorary artist of the Republic of Kazakhstan, a monumentalist, and member of Union of Artists of the USSR. Regarded as an influential Avant-garde artist during the Socialist realism era, <mask> combined elements of Cubism, Soviet avant-garde and Modernism. <mask> was an endowed painter known for oil on canvas. His artistic skill managed to express his own style, although early work shows the influence of Post-Impressionism and Cezannism, for example; "Portrait of the Artist's wife". [Wikicommons art and citation] His artistic repertoire is attributed to the influence of Taras Shevchenko's Academic Art, the Impressionism of Henri Matisse and Vincent van Gogh, the Cubism of Fernand Leger and Pablo Picasso, and the geometric abstractionism of Kazimir Malevich. <mask>'s widespread artistic discography encompassed Stained glass, Mosaic, encaustic accretion technique, Lithography, Mixed media, and Photography in addition to collaborative works with various soviet artists. According to Valentin Pak, art historian and former Director of the Museum of Modern Art, Kazakhstan, Astana (former Tselinograd) "...<mask>ich worked as an artist on an expansive theme of an all-encompassing palette.The vast expression in his paintings harmonize with today's movement, so we can say that his art is true modernism". Early Childhood <mask>ich <mask> was born on 12 March 1935 in Tulychiv, Volyn Oblast, Ukraine. He was the oldest child of simple villagers Marusya <mask> and Yakov Karpovich <mask>. A talented composer who played several instruments, his father instilled in <mask> art appreciation and the love of native nature. He developed an attentive awareness to his surroundings, embracing vivid Ukrainian culture. <mask> saw a vibrant color, and his paintings would later illuminate all the hues of the rainbow. The significance of <mask>'s color harmonic expression derived from traditional Ukrainian folklore.WWII At the age of 6, <mask> fled with his little 3 sisters and mother into the forest to escape the burning of his village Tulychiv. During World War II, he began to draw with vine charcoal, made from burned sticks due to the scarcity of pencils. ***add artwork "burnt village" and "cry". Citation needed of childhood reflection Education After high school, <mask>ich <mask> joined the Monumental Painting Department at The Lviv National Academy of Arts, Ukraine (former Lviv Institute of Decorative and Applied Art). He trained under world renowned artists such as Roman Yulianovich Selsky (1903 - 1990), Ukrainian and Soviet painter, educator, professor, and Honorary People's Artist of Ukraine (1989). Selskiy was a beloved Professor of Antonyuk, and colleagues. Roman Selsky instilled comprehensive artistic knowledge in his students, teaching the technical disciplines of the great impressionists: Paul Cézanne, Vincent van Gogh, Henri Matisse, and Pablo Picasso.Selsky is known for teaching Color theory, revealing Harmony (color) in picturesque canvases of Diego Velazquez, Peter Paul Rubens, Claude Monet, Edouard Manet, and Eugène Delacroix. Learning the fundamental methodology of the great European Colorists laid the foundation for <mask>'s creative principles. Art Dissertation T.G. Shevchenko. 120x100, 1961, plywood, encaustic accretion technique. "Katerina", 120x100, 1961, oil on canvas. This graduation work was made in collaboration with Vasiliy Tovtin.USSR Ukraine <mask> graduated from the Lviv State Institute of Applied and Decorative Arts in 1961 with government clearance and credentials. He was given various monumental art prospects in the capital of Ukraine, Kiev. In addition, Khrushchev's Thaw created an allure for exploration and development of vast wild Tselina steppes and virgin land. The greatest migration in soviet history attracted research teams, scientists, and graduates from Moscow, Leningrad, and The Republic of Ukraine. The Virgin Lands Campaign led to the great migration of the early 1960s, representing the 15 different republics of the Soviet Union, including diverse nationalities. Kazakhstan In 1961, in the town of Akmolinsk, Kazakhstan, young intellectuals from the institutes of Moscow, Leningrad, Ukraine began to arrive by train. <mask> settled among the spacious land in Kazakh Steppe (Republic of Kazakhstan, former Soviet Union).<mask> fell in love with the fertile land full of wild tulips and clover steppes. In 1962, he decided to stay and work, committing himself to this new world. Antonyuk began a series of paintings depicting traditional and nomadic lifestyle, featuring "Holiday Yurt", "Aqsaqal", "Mother", "Festival at Lake Tengiz", and "Still Life With Fish", 60x60, 1963, oil on canvas; Fragment. [wikicommons artwork & citation] "<mask> arrived in Tselinograd in 1961, the same year the Kazakh space exploration launched the first manned spacecraft. Among the two main themes - virgin and space - were inextricably merged into the artist's work: "Tselina lives", "resort Borovoe", "Tselinnaya LEP", "Mangyshlak", "Tselinny bread", "Tselinnoe Priishimya", "Earth and Space", " The man and the Earth "," Intercosmos "and others. One of the works called "Celina over the planet." For the artist, it is not just a metaphor: expanses of virgin land and space open spaces are equally close to his worldview.I asked his son: "Native land for <mask>uk - is it Ukraine or Kazakhstan?". - "It seems to me, more than all the same Kazakhstan", - said Yaroslav. The artist studied the national culture of Kazakhstan and loved the land. Without love and deep understanding, one can not create works that his colleague Ivan Svitich said, "Antoniuk painted his masterpieces with a different colorful richness. The joy of color, clarity of rhythm, the solemnity of the composition, woven from the Kazakh ornament, spikes, cars, rockets, yurts, national costumes." ( "Yurt", "Dastarkhan," "The holiday," "The People's mistress from Aji village"). -Natalya Kurpyakova, Kazakhskaya Pravda Growth and construction of the city prompted development in Akmola (former name of Astana) monumental decorative art.The transformation of Akmolinsk into Tselinograd was successful due to the commitment of project managers, city planners and productive administrators. The creativity of <mask> became of service to the aesthetic decorative land development of Tselinograd districts and neighboring towns. In 1963, <mask> cofounded The Tselinograd regional branch of the Union of Artists of Kazakhstan and served as the first chairman on The Board of the Union of artists of USSR. 1969 Finalist in the International Photography 7th Exhibition in Romania. "Old man from Uzbekistan", 100x200 cm black and white photo. (Awarded 2nd place) [wikicommons artwork & citation] Participation in the all Union exhibition in Moscow. "Still life with Cactus", 120x90, 1969, oil on canvas; + Fragments [wikicommons artwork & citation] "Mother", 85x85, oil on canvas, 1969.[wikicommons artwork & citation] 1972 Completed Relief with Mosaic "Print and Kosmos" on printing press & typography building (Бейбитшилик) in Tselinograd. 8-month project in collaboration with Vasily Ivanovich Tovtin. Commissioned from Kazakh government as an aesthetic monument to beautify the city. [wikicommons artwork & citation] Exhibition of fine arts of Kazakhstan, Alma-Ata. "Mangyshlak", 150x140, 1972, Tempera on canvas. "Recolection", 200x100, 1972 Tempera on canvas. Sabbatical leave to Morocco, France and Cuba.1982 "Signs of the Zodiac", Palace of Wedding Ceremonies in the city of Tselinograd. Дворец бракосочетаний. Уже снесли. Stained glass windows in the Palace of Ceremonies. Completed in 1982, each module was manually made. Featuring imported glass from Neman Belarus with a thickness of 25–30 mm. This series was framed on the surface texture of the building, which deflected sunlight to enhance the expressiveness.Technique: Fastened panes with mortar and metal armature. Demolished in 1990 [wikicommons photography & citations] "Landscape and Still Life". Республиканская выставка, Almaty Kazakhstan 1984 "Flora of Kazakhstan" and "Industry", 4x6 meters, Collaborative work between <mask> and Vasily Ivanovich Tovtin. Completed in 1984 in the hotel "Abay", Astana (formerly known as "Tourist" in the city of Tselinograd) Final Years On the 40th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War, <mask> painted "The Tragedy of Volyn village Kortelisy." (Ukraine). In 1986, <mask> was honored in a 50-year birthday biography publication by Ivan Svitich. [Translation of magazine & citation].In 1992, <mask> was awarded the title of Honored Artist of the Republic of Kazakhstan. <mask> fell ill in 1993, and subsequently diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. <mask> suffered a stroke, and died at the age of 58 on 14 April 1993. He is interred in City Cemetery, Saryarka District, in Astana, Kazakhstan. He is survived by his children, Oksana <mask> (Master of Architecture, NYC) and Yaroslav <mask> (Artist, Architect & Interior Designer, Astana). Legacy <mask>ich Antonyuk dedicated his career of monumental artwork to his nationalist admiration for Kazakhstan. Art historians focus on the fact that his art reflects the inner world of <mask> and his thoughts.According to Natalya Kurpyakova, deputy editor-in-chief of Niva Magazine, "<mask>'s artistic work has appeared in the public service of social needs in construction, district towns, state and collective farms. He was elected a member of the USSR and the Kazakh SSR, under the Central Auditing Commission of the Union of Artists. Fourteen years he served as chairman of the Tselinograd Union of Artists of Kazakhstan. He was conferred the title of Honored Artist of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Muralist, avant-garde Soviet realism and the Union of Artists since 1963." His art studio walls are densely covered with canvas. The paintings of <mask> are found in the Museum of Modern Art, Astana, Kazakhstan in addition to private collections. Works 1967 Цветное фото Дворца Целинников.Автор: Антонюк М. Я., 1967 г. 1970 "Aggression", 163x103, 1970, oil on canvas. [wikicommons artwork & citation] 1971 Exhibition of fine arts of Kazakhstan, Tselinograd. 1973 Montmartre, from the series "Paris", 100x70, 1973, Mixed media, Lithography. "Paris", 100x70, 1973, Mixed media, Lithography. [fragment] [wikicommons photography & citations] "Festival at Lake Tengiz", 160x150, 1973, tempera, canvas. 1974 Otium tour of Hungary and Czechoslovakia.Union of Artists of the USSR traveling exhibition in Kazakhstan. "Sugar Cane", 90x90, 1974, oil on canvas. 1975 Ivan Fomich Svitich joined the Union of Artists, as <mask> was Organizer and Chairman of the Union of Artists in former Soviet Union republic of Kazakhstan. Creative journey in Crimea. 1976 "On Holiday" 160x160, 1976, tempera on canvas. "Dastarkhān", 170x115, 1976, tempera on canvas. "Holiday Yurt", 40x47, 1976, ink, graphics, etching."Yurts", 75x70, 1976, ink, graphics, etching. 1977 "Old Aqsaqal", 50x70, 1977, felt pen. 1980 "Golden Steppe", 1980, 7x9 meters, ceramic mosaic. Commissioned for the House of Culture located in Vozdvyzhensky, Kazakhstan. A tribute to classical and folklore composer Kurmangazy Sagyrbaev. 1981 "Victor Jara", 140x100, 1981, tempera, canvas. 1985 "The Tragedy of Volyn Village Kortelisy in Ukraine", 200x100, 1985, tempera on canvas.Notes Roman Yulianovich Selsky, 1903-1989 Artist, Professor of Fine Art Tulychiv, native village of <mask>levich <mask>, in Turiysk district of Volyn region, Ukraine Monumental Art, from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 1979 Yaroslav Mikhailovich <mask>, artistic protégé and son of <mask> <mask> Mangyshlak, Tjuk-Karagaj cape on Mangyshlak peninsula, by Taras Shevchenko Complete Works in 10 volumes. – Kyiv: ed. Academy of sciences of UkrSSR, 1964, Vol. 9, No. 60, p. 38. Abay, "Flora of Kazakhstan" and "Industry", 4x6 meters, collaborative work between <mask> and Vasily Ivanovich Tovtin. Completed in 1984 in the hotel "Abay", Astana (formerly known as "Tourist" in the city of Tselinograd) Palace of Wedding Ceremonies, "Signs of the Zodiac", in the city of Tselinograd.Дворец бракосочетаний. Уже снесли. Stained glass windows in the Palace of Ceremonies. Completed in 1982 References External links Roman Yulianovich Selsky, 1903-1989 Artist, Professor of Fine Art Tulychiv, native village of Michael Yakovlevich Antonyuk, in Turiysk district of Volyn region, Ukraine Monumental Art, from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 1979 Yaroslav Mikhailovich <mask>, artistic protégé and son of <mask>ich <mask> Mangyshlak, Tjuk-Karagaj cape on Mangyshlak peninsula, by Taras Shevchenko Complete Works in 10 volumes. – Kyiv: ed. Academy of sciences of UkrSSR, 1964, Vol. 9, No.60, p. 38. Abay, "Flora of Kazakhstan" and "Industry", 4x6 meters, collaborative work between <mask> and Vasily Ivanovich Tovtin. Completed in 1984 in the hotel "Abay", Astana (formerly known as "Tourist" in the city of Tselinograd) Palace of Wedding Ceremonies, "Signs of the Zodiac", in the city of Tselinograd. Дворец бракосочетаний. Уже снесли. Stained glass windows in the Palace of Ceremonies. Completed in 1982 1935 births 1993 deaths People from Volyn Oblast People from Wołyń Voivodeship (1921–1939) Soviet painters Ukrainian painters Ukrainian male painters Kazakhstani painters Kazakhstani people of Ukrainian descent

<mask>ich <mask> was an artist and member of the Union of Kazakhstan. <mask> was an influential avant-garde artist during the Socialist realism era. <mask> painted oil on canvas. His artistic skill allowed him to express his own style, although early work shows the influence of Post-Impressionism and Cezannism. The influence of Taras Shevchenko's Academic Art, the Impressionism of Henri Matisse andVincent van Gogh, and the Cubism of Fernand Leger are some of the artistic works attributed to him. <mask>'s artistic works included Stained glass, Mosaic, encaustic accretion technique, Lithography, Mixed media, and Photography. According to the former Director of the Museum of Modern Art, he was an artist on an expansive theme.We can say that his art is true modernism because of the large expression in his paintings. <mask> <mask> was born on 12 March 1935. He was the oldest child of simple villagers. A talented composer who played several instruments, his father instilled in <mask> the love of nature. He became aware of his surroundings and embraced Ukrainian culture. <mask>'s paintings illuminate all the colors of the rainbow after he saw a vibrant color. The significance of Antonyuk's color expression came from traditional Ukrainian folklore.<mask> and his family fled to the forest at the age of 6 to escape the burning of his village. Due to the scarcity of pencils during World War II, he began to draw with vine charcoal, made from burned sticks. The artwork "burnt village" and "cry" should be added. After high school, <mask>ich <mask> joined the painting department at the former Lviv Institute of Decorative and Applied Art. He trained under world renowned artists such as Roman Yulianovich Selsky, who was a Ukrainian and Soviet painter. Selskiy was a beloved Professor of Antonyuk. The technical disciplines of the great impressionists were taught by Roman Selsky.The paintings of Diego Velazquez, Peter Paul Rubens, Claude Monet, and Eugne Delacroix were all painted by Selsky. The foundation for <mask>'s creative principles was laid when he learned the fundamental methodology of the European Colorists. Art thesis T.G. Shevchenko is a person. 120x 100, 1961, plywood, encaustic accretion technique. The oil on canvas was "Katerina". The graduation work was done by Vasiliy Tovtin.<mask> obtained government clearance and credentials after graduating from the Lviv State Institute of Applied and Decorative Arts. He was given a number of monumental art prospects in the capital of Ukraine. Khrushchev's Thaw created an appeal for exploration and development of virgin land. Research teams, scientists, and graduates from Moscow, Leningrad, and The Republic of Ukraine were attracted to the greatest migration in soviet history. The 15 different republics of the Soviet Union were represented by the Virgin Lands Campaign. Young intellectuals from Moscow, Leningrad, and Ukraine arrived by train in the town of Akmolinsk in 1961. The land that <mask> settled on was in the former Soviet Union.<mask> fell in love with the land full of wild tulips. He decided in 1962 to stay and work. Antonyuk began a series of paintings depicting traditional and nomadic lifestyle. In 1961, the same year the first manned spacecraft was launched, <mask> arrived in Tselinograd. The main themes of virgin and space were merged into the artist's work. "Celina over the planet" is one of the works. virgin land and space open spaces are equally close to the artist's vision.I asked his son if he had native land for <mask>. Yaroslav said it seems to him more than all the same. The artist loved the land and studied the national culture. Ivan Svitich said thatAntoniuk painted his masterpieces with a different colorful richness because he lacked love and deep understanding. The joy of color, clarity of rhythm, the solemnity of the composition, woven from the Kazakh ornament, spikes, cars, rockets, yurts, national costumes. "The People's mistress from Aji village" The growth and construction of the city led to the creation of monumental decorative art in Akmola.Project managers, city planners and productive administrators made the transformation of Akmolinsk into a success. The creativity of <mask> became a service to the aesthetic land development of the districts. <mask> was the first chairman of The Board of the Union of artists of the USSR. The International Photography 7th exhibition was held in Romania in 1969. A 100x200 cm black and white photo of an old man. The all Union exhibition in Moscow was participated in by the 2nd place winner. "Mother", 85x85, oil on canvas, 1969; + Fragments, 120x90, 1969 oil on canvas.Relief with Mosaic "Print and Kosmos" was completed in 1972 on a printing press and building. The project was in collaboration with Vasily Ivanovich Tovtin. The monument was commissioned by the government. There is an exhibition of fine arts inAlma-Ata. "Mangyshlak" is on a canvas. "Recolection" is a painting on canvas. Sabbatical leave to France and Cuba.The Palace of Wedding Ceremonies in the city of Tselinograd was built in 1982. , ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, The Palace of Ceremonies has stained glass windows. Each module was made manually. There is imported glass with a thickness of 25 to 30mm. The series was framed on the surface texture of the building.Fastened panes with metal and mortar. "Landscape and Still Life" was demolished in 1990. There was a collaborative work between <mask> and Vasily Ivanovich Tovtin. <mask> painted "The Tragedy of Volyn village Kortelisy" in 1984 on the 40th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War. The country of (Ukraine). <mask> was honored in a biography in 1986. There is a translation of magazine and citation.<mask> was awarded the title of Honored Artist of the Republic of Kazakhstan in 1992. <mask> was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease in 1993. <mask> died of a stroke at the age of 58. He is buried in the City Cemetery. His children are Oksana <mask> and Yaroslav <mask>. <mask>ich <mask> dedicated his career to his patriotism. The inner world of <mask> is reflected in his art.<mask>'s artistic work has appeared in the public service of social needs in construction, district towns, state and collective farms. The Central Auditing Commission of the Union of Artists elected him as a member of the USSR. He was the chairman of the union for 14 years. He was an Honored Artist of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Union of Artists since 1963. The walls of his art studio are covered in canvas. In addition to private collections, the paintings of <mask> can be found in the Museum of Modern Art. The works were done in 1967., 1967,. The oil on canvas was "Aggression" in 1970. The 1971 exhibition of fine arts of Kazakhstan was held. Montmartre is from the series "Paris", 100x70, 1973. "Paris", 100x70, 1973, mixed media. "Festival at Lake Tengiz" is a 160x 150 tempera canvas. The Otium tour of Hungary and Czechoslovakia took place in 1974.There is a traveling exhibition of the Union of Artists of the USSR. "Sugar Cane" is an oil on canvas. The Union of Artists was formed in 1975 as a result of <mask>'s work. The journey was a creative one. tempera on canvas. The tempera is on a canvas. "Holiday Yurt", 40x47, 1976, ink, graphics, etching.75x70, 1976, ink, graphics, etching. The felt pen was "Old Aqsaqal". "Golden Steppe" is a ceramic mosaic. The House of Culture is located in Vozdvyzhensky. There is a tribute to classical and folklore composer. "Victor Jara" is a 140x 100 canvas. "The Tragedy of Volyn Village Kortelisy in Ukraine" is a tempera on canvas.The Great Soviet Encyclopedia contains information on Roman Yulianovich Selsky, a professor of Fine Art in the village of Michael Yakovlevich Antonyuk in the Turiysk district of Volyn region. The ed. is in Kyiv. The Academy of sciences of UkrSSR was published in 1964. 9, No. 60, p. 38 <mask> and Vasily Ivanovich Tovtin collaborated on a 4x6 meter collaborative work. The Palace of Wedding Ceremonies, "Signs of the Zodiac", was completed in the hotel "Abay" in 1984., ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, The Palace of Ceremonies has stained glass windows. In Turiysk district of Volyn region, there is a native village of <mask>ich Antonyuk. The ed. is in Kyiv. The Academy of sciences of UkrSSR was published in 1964. 9, No.60, p. 38 <mask> and Vasily Ivanovich Tovtin collaborated on a 4x6 meter collaborative work. The Palace of Wedding Ceremonies, "Signs of the Zodiac", was completed in the hotel "Abay" in 1984. , ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, The Palace of Ceremonies has stained glass windows. The people from Volyn Oblast were completed in 1935.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrigo%20Pacchi

Arrigo Pacchi

Arrigo Pacchi (4 May 1933 – 18 January 1989) was an Italian historian of philosophy. He graduated in philosophy at the University of Milan with an academic thesis in Medieval Philosophy. He dedicated his studies in particular to the natural philosophy of Thomas Hobbes and to the influence of Cartesianism in England. Life Arrigo Pacchi was born in Milan in 1933. He graduated in philosophy in 1957, at the University of Milan, with a study in Medieval Philosophy under the mentorship of . In 1969 he was called to the academic chair of History of Philosophy as Associate Professor to the Faculty of Humanities at the University of Milan; in 1973 was named full professor, heading the Second Chair of History of Philosophy. In 1984 he was called to the First Chair of the same discipline after the retirement of Dal Pra. Starting in 1986, he led the Department of Philosophy in his University. In 1987, he was appointed as Director of the Centre for the studies of the philosophical thought in 16th and 17th centuries connected to scientific questions, a branch of the Italian National Council for Research (CNR). Pacchi was editor of the journal Il Movimento di Liberazione in Italia from 1957 to 1962, where he published many reviews, some of whom appeared in other languages. He became in 1982 co-director of the Rivista di Storia della Filosofia, the journal for the history of philosophy founded by Mario Dal Pra in 1947. Pacchi died in January 1989 in Milan. He was 55 years of age. Work Pacchi's first work of research was his academic thesis devoted to the study of John of Jandun. Between 1958 and 1960, Pacchi wrote a number of articles on the French philosopher that appeared on the Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, an Italian philosophical journal founded and directed by Mario Dal Pra. Pacchi then directed his intellectual efforts to the study of the history of Modern philosophy, giving special attention to the philosophical personality of Thomas Hobbes. One of the outcomes of his labour in this direction was Convenzione e ipotesi nella formazione della filosofia naturale di Thomas Hobbes. The book appeared in 1965, published by La Nuova Italia. The book gave wide evidence of the philosophical relevance of Hobbes not just in the history of political thought but, moreover, as a keen student of the most relevant tenets of science in his time. Pacchi in 1971 published a short monograph titled Introduzione a Hobbes. The book gave an account of the intellectual development of Hobbes, from his translation of the Peloponnesian War, to the debates of the last years and the devising of Behemoth. Pacchi subsequently researched the cultural debate in England in the 17th century, with special care to the influence of René Descartes., At the conclusion of his research into the subject, Pacchi published Cartesio in Inghilterra in 1973. In 1976, he contributed to the collective volume, La Filosofia Moderna, Dal Quattrocento al Seicento, edited by Mario Dal Pra, with four essays. They were dedicated, respectively, to the philosophy of nature in England from Fludd to Harvey, to Hobbes and the political treatises in the 17th century, to the Cambridge Platonic School and the Latitudinarians, and eventually to Locke and the Experimental Philosophy Concurrently, Pacchi devoted his attention to new problems and new authors in the history of philosophy, later publishing the book La Materia, a concise history of the concept of matter, from the beginnings of the notion in Ancient Greece to the redefinition of the meanings of the term in the 19th and 20th centuries. In 1978, Pacchi edited a collection of excerpts taken from the works of a group of 19th century materialist philosophers. He introduced the texts explaining the choice he made, putting the authors in their historical and cultural context. There, Pacchi stated how, “notwithstanding their general diffidence to philosophy, the German materialists had two “protective deities”, Schopenhauer and Feuerbach, whom they often refer to, although they quite never understood them completely. You can wonder of the connection, but your surprise will be short lived, if you ponder the fact that these two thinkers voiced, from different perspectives, the quickest and the most intransigent anti-idealist reaction in Germany in the second quarter of XIX century”. In 1979, Pacchi wrote an essay on Schopenhauer’s materialism, as part of a work by various authors on the Legacy of Enlightenment. In 1983, he published an Introduction to the reading of the Essay on Human Understanding. The book, printed as a didactic tool, was the second work on Locke by the Italian scholar. From 1981 to 1988, Pacchi came back to the study of the philosophy of Thomas Hobbes. The first clue of his renewed interests on this subject is a contribution he gave to the International Congress on “Coscienza civile ed esperienza religiosa nell’Europa Moderna”. We can perceive here a shift in the interests of the Italian scholar toward the role of religion on the mature political philosophy of the author of Leviathan. In fact, Pacchi published shortly afterward, a contribution in homage to Mario Dal Pra titled Hobbes e il Dio delle cause. During this time, Pacchi authored several works about Hobbs, including Filosofia e Teologia in Hobbes, Hobbes e la Potenza di Dio, Hobbes e la Teologia, Some Guidelines in Hobbes’ Theology, Hobbes and Biblical Philology in the Service of the State, His last work, a set of introductory notes to each chapter of a new Italian translation of Leviathan, was put abruptly to an end by his premature death. Methodology The method of research followed by Pacchi in his studies is described by Mario Dal Pra: "His research, from its beginnings, stands out for the attention to the great philosophical doctrines, resorting at the same time to philological methodology. [Pacchi] examined inedited sources and manuscripts, deriving from them new perspectives and new historical connections never considered before". Pacchi applied such a methodological approach to the history of philosophy in his review of Raymond Polin's book that criticized the value of religious faith on Hobbes’ conceptions. In the first place he praises how the French author connects Hobbes’ mechanical conception of nature to his political philosophy. In the same review, Pacchi showed some perplexity as to the “liberal” interpretation of that same philosophy. What Pacchi also insisted upon the need for the historian of philosophy to be “fair” to his sources. Pacchi emphasized the "fair" approach, when describing a logical fault in Polin’s conclusions: the French author cites the same sources and the same arguments, but reaches different conclusions. References Bibliography Primary literature (compiled on the basis of the one published by Agostino Lupoli in his "Alcune note di Arrigo Pacchi e Bibliografia dei suoi scritti" in ACME, vol.XLV, II, 1992) 1. Review of S. MacClintock, Perversity and Error, Studies on the "Averroist" John of Jandun (Bloomington, Indiana Un. Press, 1956), Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XII (1957), pp. 241–242. 2. Review of U. Eco, Il prolema estetico in S. Tommaso (Torino, Ed. di 'Filosofia', 1956), Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XII (1957), p. 490. 3. Note sul Commento al "De Anima" di Giovanni di Jandun: a. La teoria del senso agente, Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XIII (1958), pp. 372–383; b. L'unicità dell'intelletto e l'unità della scienza, Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XIV (1959), pp. 437–451; c. La polemica contro il tomismo, ivi, pp. 451–457; d. La questione della "doppia verità", Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XV (1960), pp. 354–375. 4. Review of I. Vitale, L'armonia prestabilita in Leibniz (Padova, Cedam, 1959), Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XV (1960), pp. 110–111. 5. Review of F. Viscidi, Il problema della musica nella filosofia di Schopenhauer (Padova, Liviana, 1959), Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XVI (1961), pp. 473–474. 6. Bibliografia hobbesiana dal 1840 ad oggi, Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XVII (1962), pp. 528–547. 7. Review of Three Copernican Treatises. The 'Commentariolus' of Copernicus. The 'Letter against Werner'. The 'Narratio Prima' of Rheticus, a c. di E. Rosen (New York, Dover Publ., II ed. 1958), Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XVII (1962), pp. 217–218. 8. Review of D. Formaggio, L'idea di artisticità. Dalla "morte dell'arte" al "rico¬minciamento" dell'estetica filosofica (Milano, Ceschina, 1962), Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XVII (1962), pp. 231–232. 9. Review of Y. Belaval, Leibniz critique de Descartes (Paris, Gallimard, 1960), Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XVIII (1963), pp. 257–261. 10. Il "De motu, loco et tempore" e un inedito hobbesiano, Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XIX (1964), pp. 159–168. 11. Review of S.I. Mintz, The Hunting of Leviathan (Cambridge, Cambridge Un. Press, 1962), Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XIX (1964), pp. 228–230. 12. Review of C.H. Wildon, Leibniz (New York, Dover Publ., 1960), - H.M. Wolff, Leibniz. Allbeseelung un Skepsis (Bern, Francke, 1961), Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XIX (1964), pp. 237–238. 13. Review of P. Costabel, Lebniz et la dynamique. Les textes de 1692 (Paris, Hermann, 1960), Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XIX (1964), pp. 328–330. 14. Review of N.G. Ward, Renaissance Concept of Method (New York, Columbia Un. Press, 1960), Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XIX (1964), pp. 461–462. 15. Review of Aa.Vv., Seventeenth Century Science and the Arts (Princeton, Princeton Un. Press, 1961), Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XIX (1964), pp. 464–465. 16. Convenzione e ipotesi nella formazione della filosofia naturale di Thomas Hobbes, Firenze, La Nuova Italia, 1965, pp. 250. 17. (A cura di A.P.) Ruggero Bacone e Roberto Grossatesta in un inedito hobbesiano del 1634, Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XX (1965), pp. 499–502. 18. Review of L. Gysi, Platonism and Cartesianism in the Philosophy of Ralph Cudworth (Bern, Lang, 1962), Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XX (1965), pp. 103–104. 19. Review of C. Cattaneo, Scritti filosofici, a c. di C. Lacaita (Torino, Paravia, 1963), Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XX (1965), pp. 257–258. 20. Cinquant'anni di studi hobbesiani, “Rivista di Filosofia”, LVII (1966), pp. 306–335. 21. Una "Biblioteca Ideale" di Thomas Hobbes: il MS E2 dell'Archivio di Chatsworth, ACME - Annali della Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia dell'Università degli Studi di Milano, XXI (1968), pp. 3–42. 22. Studi hobbesiani negli ultimi venticinque anni in Italia, “Cultura e Scuola”, 1968, pp. 118–126. 23. Thomas Hobbes, Elementi di legge naturale e politica, pres., trad. e note di A. Pacchi, Firenze, La Nuova Italia, 1968, pp. XII-276 [rist. an. 1985]. 24. Review of W. Simon, European Positivism in the Nineteenth Century (Ithaca, Cornell Un. Press, 1963), Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XXIII (1968), pp. 99–101. 25. Thomas Hobbes, Logica, libertà e necessità, trad. intr. e note a cura di A. Pacchi, Milano, Principato, 1969, pp. 129. 26. Galileo Galilei, Opere, intr. e note a cura di A. Pacchi, Napoli, Fulvio Rossi, 1969, 2 tomi, pp. 608, 562. 27. Review of Galileo Reappraised, a c. di C. Golino (Berkeley-Los Ang., Un. of California Press, 1966), Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XXIV (1969), pp. 110–111. 28. Review of A. Pasquinelli, Letture galileiane (Bologna, Il Mulino, 1968), Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XXIV (1969), p. 111. 29. Review of M. Clavelin, La philosophie naturelle de Galilée. Essay sur les origines et la formation de la mécanique classique (Paris, Colin, 1968), Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XXIV (1969), pp. 462–465. 30. Thomas Hobbes, De homine, intr. trad. e note a cura di A. Pacchi, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1970, pp. 196 [1972; 1984 (intr. parz. rifatta, pp. XL-165)]. 31. Review of M. Corsi, Introduzione al Leviatano (Napoli, Morano, 1967), Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XXV (1970), pp. 202–203. 32. Henry More cartesiano: a. Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XXVI (1971), pp. 3–19; b. ivi, pp. 115–140. 33. Introduzione a Hobbes, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1971, pp. 197 [seconda ed. con suppl. bibliografico, Roma-Bari, 1979, pp. 201; 1986]. 34. Cartesio in Inghilterra da More a Boyle, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1973, pp. XV-272. 35. Thomas Hobbes, Il pensiero etico-politico, antologia, scelta, intr. e note di A. Pacchi, trad. di N. Bobbio e A. Pacchi, Firenze, La Nuova Italia, 1973, pp. XLVI-257. 36. Robert Boyle e l'autocritica della ragione, Atti del XXIV Congresso Nazionale di Filosofia, vol. II, Roma, Società Filosofica Italiana, 1974, pp. 443–450. 37. Introduzione a Thomas Hobbes, Leviatano, trad. M. Vinciguerra, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1974, tomo I, pp. V-XLIV. 38. La materia, Milano, Isedi, 1976, pp. 166. 39. In "Storia della Filosofia", diretta da Mario Dal Pra, vol. VII, Milano, F. Vallardi, 1976: a. La filosofia inglese da Fludd ad Harvey, cap. 22, pp. 495–504 (890-891); b. Hobbes e la trattatistica politica, cap. 23, pp. 505–527 (892-895); c. Platonici di Cambridge e Latitudinari, cap. 30, pp. 675–687 (935-936); d. La filosofia sperimentale e John Locke, cap. 31, pp. 689–715 (937-942). 44. Review of Aa.Vv., Scienza e filosofia scozzese nell'età di Hume, a c. di A. Santucci (Bologna, Il Mulino, 1976) - Review of T. Reid, Ricerca sulla mente umana e altri scritti, a c. di A. Santucci (Torino, UTET, 1975), Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XXXI (1976), pp. 346–348. 45. Hobbes e l'epicureismo, Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XXXIII (1978), pp. 54–71. 46. Aa. Vv., Materialisti dell'Ottocento, scelta, introduzione e indicazioni bibliografiche a cura di A. Pacchi, traduttori vari, Bologna, Il Mulino, 1978, pp. 368. 47. Schopenhauer tra Illuminismo e Materialismo, in Aa.Vv., Eredità dell'Illuminismo, a c. di A. Santucci, Bologna, Il Mulino, 1979, pp. 203–230. 48. Economia ed etica dei bisogni, in Aa.Vv., La dimensione dell'economico - Filosofi ed economisti a confronto, Atti del 2° Convegno tra studiosi di filosofia morale, a c. di R. Crippa, Padova, Liviana, 1979, pp. 259–267. 49. Schopenhauer e il criticismo kantiano, Milano, Opera Universitaria dell'Università degli Studi - Servizio dispense, 1981, pp. 24. 50. Il razionalismo del Seicento, [antologia] a c. di A. Pacchi, Torino, Loescher, 1982, pp. 243. 51. Scritti galileiani, [scelta, premesse e note] a c. di A. Pacchi, Milano, Opera Universitaria dell'Università degli Studi - Servizio dispense, 1982, pp. 153. 52. Introduzione alla lettura del "Saggio sull'intelletto umano" di Locke, Milano, Unicopli, 1983, pp. 221. 53. Hobbes e la Bibbia, in Aa.Vv., Coscienza civile ed esperienza religiosa nell'Europa moderna, Atti del Convegno Internazionale di Pavia (1-3 ottobre 1981), a c. di R. Crippa, Brescia, Morceliana, 1983, pp. 327–331. 54. Review of R. Polin, Hobbes, Dieu et les hommes (Paris, PUF, 1981), Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XXXVIII (1983), pp. 233–237. 55. Review of M. Sina, Introduzione a Locke (Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1982), Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XXXVIII (1983), pp. 243–244. 56. Review of U. Scarpelli, Thomas Hobbes. Linguaggio e leggi naturali. Il tempo e la pena (Milano, Giuffré, 1981), Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XXXVIII (1983), pp. 377–378. 57. Hobbes e il Dio delle cause, in Aa.Vv., La storia della filosofia come sapere critico. Studi offerti a Mario Dal Pra, Milano, Angeli, 1984, pp. 295–307. 58. La collocazione di Alfonso Testa nel movimento filosofico italiano tra Sette e Ottocento, “Archivio storico delle province parmensi”, XXXVI (1984), pp. 183–194. 59. Review of P. Clair, Libertinage et incrédules (1665-1715?) (Paris, Ed. du CNRS, 1983), RSF, XXXIX (1984), p. 820. 60. Filosofia e teologia in Hobbes, Dispense del Corso di Storia della Filosofia per l'A.A. 1984-85, Milano, Unicopli, 1985, pp. 139. 61. Definizioni e problemi della storia della filosofia, Appunti relativi alle lezioni introduttive del corso di Storia della filosofia I, Milano, Unicopli, 1985, pp. 69. 62. La vita, la filosofia, e Dino Formaggio, in Aa.Vv., Dino Formaggio e l'estetica, Milano, Unicopli, 1985, pp. 47–49. 63. Review of T. Hobbes, De cive, The Latin version; De cive, The English version. A Critical Edition by H. Warrender (The Clarendon Edition of the Philosophical Works of Thomas Hobbes, voll. 2 e 3, Oxford, Clarendon, 1983), RSF, XL (1985), pp. 609–610 64. Review of W. Anders, A History of Philosophy, vol. I: Antiquity and the Middle Ages; vol. II: The Modern Age to Romanticism; vol. III: From Bolzano to Wittgenstein (Oxford, Oxford Un. Press, 1982-1984), RSF, XL (1985), pp. 824–826. 65. Soggetto individuale e genere umano nella riflessione filosofica del Cinquecento, in Aa.Vv., Ragione e 'civilitas' - Figure del vivere associato nella cultura del '500 europeo, Atti del Convegno di Diamante (7-9 November 1984), a c. di D. Bigalli, Milano, Angeli, 1986, pp. 339–343. 66. Hobbes e la potenza di Dio, in Aa.Vv., Sopra la volta del mondo. Onnipotenza e potenza assoluta di Dio tra Medioevo e Età Moderna, Atti del Convegno di Studi (Dipartimento di Filosofia dell'Università degli Studi di Milano, 9-10 maggio 1985), a c. di Mariateresa Beonio-Brocchieri Fumagalli, Bergamo, Lubrina, 1986, pp. 79–91. 67. Introduzione a J. Stuart Mill, Auguste Comte e il Positivismo, tr. A. Dardanelli, Milano, Unicopli, 1986, pp. V-XV. 68. Hobbes and the Passions, “Topoi”, 6 (1987), pp. 111–119. 69. Idealismo e naturalismo. La riflessione sulla pace nel pensiero del Cinque e del Seicento, in Aa.Vv., I filosofi e la pace, Atti del V Convegno tra studiosi di filosofia morale, in memoria di Romeo Crippa, a c. di F. Baroncelli e M. Pasini, Genova, EGIC, 1987, pp. 79–104. 70. Review of M. Malherbe, Thomas Hobbes ou l'oeuvre de la raison (Paris, Vrin, 1984), RSF, XLII (1987), pp. 371–373. 71. In "Grundriss der Geschichte der Philosophie", begründet von F. Ueberweg, völlig neubearbeitete Ausgabe, Die Philosophie des 17. Jahrhunderts, Band 3 (England), hrsg. von J.-P. Schobinger, Basel, Schwabe, 1988, cap. V (Der Cartesianismus): a. Die Rezeption der cartesischen Philosophie, 12, pp. 293–297; b. Ein Anhänger und ein Gegner der cartesischen Philosophie, 13, pp. 298–309. 72. Hobbes and the Problem of God, in Aa.Vv., Perspectives on Thomas Hobbes, a c. di G.A.J. Rogers e A. Ryan, Oxford, Clarendon, 1988, pp. 171–187 73. Hobbes and Biblical Philology in the Service of the State, “Topoi”, 7 (1988), pp. 231–239. 74. Introduzione a Thomas Hobbes, Scritti teologici, trad. e note di G. Invernizzi e A. Lupoli, Milano, Angeli, 1988, pp. 7–33. 75. Hobbes e la teologia, “Ragioni Critiche”, IV (1988), n. 5-6, pp. 36–41 [testo senza apparato di note della relazione presentata al Convegno Internazionale Hobbes Oggi]. 76. Il filosofo e l'educatore, in "In onore di Mario Dal Pra", Montecchio Maggiore, 1988, pp. 13–28. 77. Présentation di Signes, sens et concept aux XVIe-XVIIe s., Atti delle Deux journées (Paris 10-11 décembre 1986) organizzate dall'ER 75 del CNRS diretto da A. Robinet e dal “Centro di Studi del Pensiero filosofico del Cinquecento e del Seicento” diretto da A. Pacchi, “Revue de sciences philosophiques et theologiques” [fasc. mon.], 72 (1988), pp. 193–194. 78. Il suo record, quattro secoli di antipatia, “Il Sole 24 Ore”, 3 aprile 1988, p. 10. 79. Thomas Hobbes: un quadricentenario che fa discutere, “Ragioni Critiche”, IV (1988), n. 4, pp. 18–9. 80. Thomas Hobbes. L'attualità di un pessimista, [dibattito con F. Barone e F. Viola], “Eco di Locarno”, 4 giugno 1988, pp. 26–27. Secondary literature 1. Roberto Parenti, Review of Thomas Hobbes, Elementi di legge naturale e politica, edited by Arrigo Pacchi, in "Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia", Vol. 23, No. 3 (July–September 1968), p. 361 2. Mario Sina, Review of Cartesio in Inghilterra. Da More a Boyle by A. Pacchi, in "Rivista di Filosofia Neo-Scolastica" Vol. 66, No. 1 (January–March 1974), pp. 183–187 3. Richard S. Westfall, review of Cartesio in Inghilterra, da More a Boyle, in "Journal of the history of philosophy, vol.13, n.1, January 1975, pp.103-104. 4. Review of Introduzione a Hobbes, by Arrigo Pacchi, by Jean Bernhardt, "Revue Philosophique de la France et de l'Étranger", T. 166, No. 4, (OCT.-DÉC. 1976), pp. 480–482 5. Alan Gabbey, The English Fortunes of Descrtes, Review of Cartesio in Inghilterra, in "The British Journal for the History of Science", Vol. 11, No. 2 (Jul., 1978), pp. 159–164 6. A. Babolin, Review of Il razionalismo del Seicento by A. Pacchi, in "Rivista di Filosofia Neo-Scolastica", Vol. 75, No. 2 (aprile-giugno 1983), pp. 350–351 7. A. Babolin, Review of Eredità dell'Illuminismo. Studi sulla cultura europea fra Settecento e Ottocento by A. Santucci, in "Rivista di Filosofia Neo-Scolastica", Vol. 76, No. 3 (luglio-September 1984), pp. 503–504 8. Karl Schuhmann, Rapidità del pensiero e ascensione al cielo: alcuni motivi ermetici in Hobbes, in "Rivista di Storia della Filosofia" Vol. 40, No. 2 (1985), pp. 203–227 9. Andrea Napoli, «Hobbes Oggi»: Cronaca del convegno internazionale di Milano - Locarno, 18-21 MAGGIO 1988 in "Rivista di Storia della Filosofia", Vol. 44, No. 1 (1989), pp. 163–173 10. Mario Dal Pra, La Morte di Arrigo Pacchi, in “Rivista di Storia della Filosofia”, vol.44, n.1, 1989, pp. I-IV 11. Agostino Lupoli, Arrigo Pacchi studioso di Hobbes, in “Bollettino della Società Filosofica Italiana”, 140, maggio-agosto 1990, pp. 11–22 13. Tracy B. Strong, Review of Perspectives on Thomas Hobbes by G. A. J. Rogers, Alan Ryan, in "The British Journal for the History of Science", Vol. 23, No. 3 (Sep., 1990), pp. 353–355 14. Agostino Lupoli, Alcune Note di Arrigo Pacchi e Bibliografia dei suoi scritti, in “ACME”, vol. XLV, fascicolo II, Maggio Agosto 1992. 15. Mark Goldie, Review of Perspectives on Thomas Hobbes by G. A. J. Rogers, Alan Ryan, in "The English Historical Review", Vol. 107, No. 423 (Apr., 1992), pp. 469–470 16. Perez Zagorin, Hobbes's Early Philosophical Development, in "Journal of the History of Ideas", Vol. 54, No. 3 (Jul., 1993), pp. 505–518 17. Alan Gabbey, Henry More Lecteur de Descartes: Philosophie Naturelle et Apologétique, in Archives de Philosophie, Vol. 58, No. 3, (July–September 1995), pp. 355–369 18. Robert Arp, The "Quinque Viae" of Thomas Hobbes in "History of Philosophy Quarterly", vol. 16, No. 4 (Oct., 1999), pp. 367–394 19. Timothy Raylor, Hobbes, Payne, and "A Short Tract on First Principles" in "The Historical Journal" Vol. 44, No. 1 (Mar., 2001), pp. 29–58 20. Frank Horstmann, Hobbes on Hypotheses in Natural Philosophy in "The Monist", Vol. 84, No. 4, (October 2001), pp. 487–501 21. E. I. Rambaldi, La "Rivista" di Mario Dal Pra, palestra scientifica dei primi allievi, in Annamaria Loche, Maria Luisa Lussu (edited), Saggi di Filosofia e Storia della Filosofia: scritti dedicati a Maria Teresa Marcialis, Milan, 2012, pp. 195–222 1933 births 1989 deaths Italian historians of philosophy University of Milan alumni University of Milan faculty

<mask> (4 May 1933 – 18 January 1989) was an Italian historian of philosophy. He graduated in philosophy at the University of Milan with an academic thesis in Medieval Philosophy. He dedicated his studies in particular to the natural philosophy of Thomas Hobbes and to the influence of Cartesianism in England. Life <mask> was born in Milan in 1933. He graduated in philosophy in 1957, at the University of Milan, with a study in Medieval Philosophy under the mentorship of . In 1969 he was called to the academic chair of History of Philosophy as Associate Professor to the Faculty of Humanities at the University of Milan; in 1973 was named full professor, heading the Second Chair of History of Philosophy. In 1984 he was called to the First Chair of the same discipline after the retirement of Dal Pra.Starting in 1986, he led the Department of Philosophy in his University. In 1987, he was appointed as Director of the Centre for the studies of the philosophical thought in 16th and 17th centuries connected to scientific questions, a branch of the Italian National Council for Research (CNR). <mask> was editor of the journal Il Movimento di Liberazione in Italia from 1957 to 1962, where he published many reviews, some of whom appeared in other languages. He became in 1982 co-director of the Rivista di Storia della Filosofia, the journal for the history of philosophy founded by Mario Dal Pra in 1947. <mask> died in January 1989 in Milan. He was 55 years of age. Work <mask>'s first work of research was his academic thesis devoted to the study of John of Jandun.Between 1958 and 1960, <mask> wrote a number of articles on the French philosopher that appeared on the Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, an Italian philosophical journal founded and directed by Mario Dal Pra. <mask> then directed his intellectual efforts to the study of the history of Modern philosophy, giving special attention to the philosophical personality of Thomas Hobbes. One of the outcomes of his labour in this direction was Convenzione e ipotesi nella formazione della filosofia naturale di Thomas Hobbes. The book appeared in 1965, published by La Nuova Italia. The book gave wide evidence of the philosophical relevance of Hobbes not just in the history of political thought but, moreover, as a keen student of the most relevant tenets of science in his time. <mask> in 1971 published a short monograph titled Introduzione a Hobbes. The book gave an account of the intellectual development of Hobbes, from his translation of the Peloponnesian War, to the debates of the last years and the devising of Behemoth.<mask> subsequently researched the cultural debate in England in the 17th century, with special care to the influence of René Descartes., At the conclusion of his research into the subject, <mask> published Cartesio in Inghilterra in 1973. In 1976, he contributed to the collective volume, La Filosofia Moderna, Dal Quattrocento al Seicento, edited by Mario Dal Pra, with four essays. They were dedicated, respectively, to the philosophy of nature in England from Fludd to Harvey, to Hobbes and the political treatises in the 17th century, to the Cambridge Platonic School and the Latitudinarians, and eventually to Locke and the Experimental Philosophy Concurrently, <mask> devoted his attention to new problems and new authors in the history of philosophy, later publishing the book La Materia, a concise history of the concept of matter, from the beginnings of the notion in Ancient Greece to the redefinition of the meanings of the term in the 19th and 20th centuries. In 1978, <mask> edited a collection of excerpts taken from the works of a group of 19th century materialist philosophers. He introduced the texts explaining the choice he made, putting the authors in their historical and cultural context. There, <mask> stated how, “notwithstanding their general diffidence to philosophy, the German materialists had two “protective deities”, Schopenhauer and Feuerbach, whom they often refer to, although they quite never understood them completely. You can wonder of the connection, but your surprise will be short lived, if you ponder the fact that these two thinkers voiced, from different perspectives, the quickest and the most intransigent anti-idealist reaction in Germany in the second quarter of XIX century”.In 1979, <mask> wrote an essay on Schopenhauer’s materialism, as part of a work by various authors on the Legacy of Enlightenment. In 1983, he published an Introduction to the reading of the Essay on Human Understanding. The book, printed as a didactic tool, was the second work on Locke by the Italian scholar. From 1981 to 1988, <mask> came back to the study of the philosophy of Thomas Hobbes. The first clue of his renewed interests on this subject is a contribution he gave to the International Congress on “Coscienza civile ed esperienza religiosa nell’Europa Moderna”. We can perceive here a shift in the interests of the Italian scholar toward the role of religion on the mature political philosophy of the author of Leviathan. In fact, <mask> published shortly afterward, a contribution in homage to Mario Dal Pra titled Hobbes e il Dio delle cause.During this time, <mask> authored several works about Hobbs, including Filosofia e Teologia in Hobbes, Hobbes e la Potenza di Dio, Hobbes e la Teologia, Some Guidelines in Hobbes’ Theology, Hobbes and Biblical Philology in the Service of the State, His last work, a set of introductory notes to each chapter of a new Italian translation of Leviathan, was put abruptly to an end by his premature death. Methodology The method of research followed by <mask> in his studies is described by Mario Dal Pra: "His research, from its beginnings, stands out for the attention to the great philosophical doctrines, resorting at the same time to philological methodology. [<mask>] examined inedited sources and manuscripts, deriving from them new perspectives and new historical connections never considered before". <mask> applied such a methodological approach to the history of philosophy in his review of Raymond Polin's book that criticized the value of religious faith on Hobbes’ conceptions. In the first place he praises how the French author connects Hobbes’ mechanical conception of nature to his political philosophy. In the same review, <mask> showed some perplexity as to the “liberal” interpretation of that same philosophy. What <mask> also insisted upon the need for the historian of philosophy to be “fair” to his sources.<mask> emphasized the "fair" approach, when describing a logical fault in Polin’s conclusions: the French author cites the same sources and the same arguments, but reaches different conclusions. References Bibliography Primary literature (compiled on the basis of the one published by Agostino Lupoli in his "Alcune note di Arrigo <mask> e Bibliografia dei suoi scritti" in ACME, vol.XLV, II, 1992) 1. Review of S. MacClintock, Perversity and Error, Studies on the "Averroist" John of Jandun (Bloomington, Indiana Un. Press, 1956), Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XII (1957), pp. 241–242. 2. Review of U. Eco, Il prolema estetico in S. Tommaso (Torino, Ed. di 'Filosofia', 1956), Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XII (1957), p. 490. 3.Note sul Commento al "De Anima" di Giovanni di Jandun: a. La teoria del senso agente, Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XIII (1958), pp. 372–383; b. L'unicità dell'intelletto e l'unità della scienza, Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XIV (1959), pp. 437–451; c. La polemica contro il tomismo, ivi, pp. 451–457; d. La questione della "doppia verità", Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XV (1960), pp. 354–375. 4. Review of I. Vitale, L'armonia prestabilita in Leibniz (Padova, Cedam, 1959), Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XV (1960), pp.110–111. 5. Review of F. Viscidi, Il problema della musica nella filosofia di Schopenhauer (Padova, Liviana, 1959), Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XVI (1961), pp. 473–474. 6. Bibliografia hobbesiana dal 1840 ad oggi, Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XVII (1962), pp. 528–547. 7. Review of Three Copernican Treatises.The 'Commentariolus' of Copernicus. The 'Letter against Werner'. The 'Narratio Prima' of Rheticus, a c. di E. Rosen (New York, Dover Publ., II ed. 1958), Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XVII (1962), pp. 217–218. 8. Review of D. Formaggio, L'idea di artisticità. Dalla "morte dell'arte" al "rico¬minciamento" dell'estetica filosofica (Milano, Ceschina, 1962), Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XVII (1962), pp.231–232. 9. Review of Y. Belaval, Leibniz critique de Descartes (Paris, Gallimard, 1960), Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XVIII (1963), pp. 257–261. 10. Il "De motu, loco et tempore" e un inedito hobbesiano, Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XIX (1964), pp. 159–168. 11. Review of S.I.Mintz, The Hunting of Leviathan (Cambridge, Cambridge Un. Press, 1962), Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XIX (1964), pp. 228–230. 12. Review of C.H. Wildon, Leibniz (New York, Dover Publ., 1960), - H.M. Wolff, Leibniz. Allbeseelung un Skepsis (Bern, Francke, 1961), Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XIX (1964), pp. 237–238.13. Review of P. Costabel, Lebniz et la dynamique. Les textes de 1692 (Paris, Hermann, 1960), Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XIX (1964), pp. 328–330. 14. Review of N.G. Ward, Renaissance Concept of Method (New York, Columbia Un. Press, 1960), Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XIX (1964), pp. 461–462.15. Review of Aa.Vv., Seventeenth Century Science and the Arts (Princeton, Princeton Un. Press, 1961), Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XIX (1964), pp. 464–465. 16. Convenzione e ipotesi nella formazione della filosofia naturale di Thomas Hobbes, Firenze, La Nuova Italia, 1965, pp. 250. 17.(A cura di A.P.) Ruggero Bacone e Roberto Grossatesta in un inedito hobbesiano del 1634, Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XX (1965), pp. 499–502. 18. Review of L. Gysi, Platonism and Cartesianism in the Philosophy of Ralph Cudworth (Bern, Lang, 1962), Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XX (1965), pp. 103–104. 19. Review of C. Cattaneo, Scritti filosofici, a c. di C. Lacaita (Torino, Paravia, 1963), Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XX (1965), pp. 257–258.20. Cinquant'anni di studi hobbesiani, “Rivista di Filosofia”, LVII (1966), pp. 306–335. 21. Una "Biblioteca Ideale" di Thomas Hobbes: il MS E2 dell'Archivio di Chatsworth, ACME - Annali della Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia dell'Università degli Studi di Milano, XXI (1968), pp. 3–42. 22.Studi hobbesiani negli ultimi venticinque anni in Italia, “Cultura e Scuola”, 1968, pp. 118–126. 23. Thomas Hobbes, Elementi di legge naturale e politica, pres., trad. e note di A. <mask>, Firenze, La Nuova Italia, 1968, pp. XII-276 [rist. an.1985]. 24. Review of W. Simon, European Positivism in the Nineteenth Century (Ithaca, Cornell Un. Press, 1963), Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XXIII (1968), pp. 99–101. 25. Thomas Hobbes, Logica, libertà e necessità, trad. intr.e note a cura di A. <mask>, Milano, Principato, 1969, pp. 129. 26. Galileo Galilei, Opere, intr. e note a cura di A. <mask>, Napoli, Fulvio Rossi, 1969, 2 tomi, pp. 608, 562. 27. Review of Galileo Reappraised, a c. di C. Golino (Berkeley-Los Ang., Un.of California Press, 1966), Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XXIV (1969), pp. 110–111. 28. Review of A. Pasquinelli, Letture galileiane (Bologna, Il Mulino, 1968), Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XXIV (1969), p. 111. 29. Review of M. Clavelin, La philosophie naturelle de Galilée. Essay sur les origines et la formation de la mécanique classique (Paris, Colin, 1968), Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XXIV (1969), pp. 462–465. 30.Thomas Hobbes, De homine, intr. trad. e note a cura di A. <mask>, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1970, pp. 196 [1972; 1984 (intr. parz. rifatta, pp. XL-165)].31. Review of M. Corsi, Introduzione al Leviatano (Napoli, Morano, 1967), Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XXV (1970), pp. 202–203. 32. Henry More cartesiano: a. Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XXVI (1971), pp. 3–19; b. ivi, pp. 115–140. 33.Introduzione a Hobbes, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1971, pp. 197 [seconda ed. con suppl. bibliografico, Roma-Bari, 1979, pp. 201; 1986]. 34. Cartesio in Inghilterra da More a Boyle, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1973, pp.XV-272. 35. Thomas Hobbes, Il pensiero etico-politico, antologia, scelta, intr. e note di A. <mask>, trad. di N. Bobbio e A. <mask>, Firenze, La Nuova Italia, 1973, pp. XLVI-257. 36.Robert Boyle e l'autocritica della ragione, Atti del XXIV Congresso Nazionale di Filosofia, vol. II, Roma, Società Filosofica Italiana, 1974, pp. 443–450. 37. Introduzione a Thomas Hobbes, Leviatano, trad. M. Vinciguerra, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1974, tomo I, pp. V-XLIV.38. La materia, Milano, Isedi, 1976, pp. 166. 39. In "Storia della Filosofia", diretta da Mario Dal Pra, vol. VII, Milano, F. Vallardi, 1976: a. La filosofia inglese da Fludd ad Harvey, cap.22, pp. 495–504 (890-891); b. Hobbes e la trattatistica politica, cap. 23, pp. 505–527 (892-895); c. Platonici di Cambridge e Latitudinari, cap. 30, pp. 675–687 (935-936); d. La filosofia sperimentale e John Locke, cap. 31, pp.689–715 (937-942). 44. Review of Aa.Vv., Scienza e filosofia scozzese nell'età di Hume, a c. di A. Santucci (Bologna, Il Mulino, 1976) - Review of T. Reid, Ricerca sulla mente umana e altri scritti, a c. di A. Santucci (Torino, UTET, 1975), Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XXXI (1976), pp. 346–348. 45. Hobbes e l'epicureismo, Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XXXIII (1978), pp. 54–71. 46.Aa. Vv., Materialisti dell'Ottocento, scelta, introduzione e indicazioni bibliografiche a cura di A. <mask>, traduttori vari, Bologna, Il Mulino, 1978, pp. 368. 47. Schopenhauer tra Illuminismo e Materialismo, in Aa.Vv., Eredità dell'Illuminismo, a c. di A. Santucci, Bologna, Il Mulino, 1979, pp. 203–230. 48.Economia ed etica dei bisogni, in Aa.Vv., La dimensione dell'economico - Filosofi ed economisti a confronto, Atti del 2° Convegno tra studiosi di filosofia morale, a c. di R. Crippa, Padova, Liviana, 1979, pp. 259–267. 49. Schopenhauer e il criticismo kantiano, Milano, Opera Universitaria dell'Università degli Studi - Servizio dispense, 1981, pp. 24. 50. Il razionalismo del Seicento, [antologia] a c. di A. <mask>, Torino, Loescher, 1982, pp.243. 51. Scritti galileiani, [scelta, premesse e note] a c. di A. <mask>, Milano, Opera Universitaria dell'Università degli Studi - Servizio dispense, 1982, pp. 153. 52. Introduzione alla lettura del "Saggio sull'intelletto umano" di Locke, Milano, Unicopli, 1983, pp. 221.53. Hobbes e la Bibbia, in Aa.Vv., Coscienza civile ed esperienza religiosa nell'Europa moderna, Atti del Convegno Internazionale di Pavia (1-3 ottobre 1981), a c. di R. Crippa, Brescia, Morceliana, 1983, pp. 327–331. 54. Review of R. Polin, Hobbes, Dieu et les hommes (Paris, PUF, 1981), Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XXXVIII (1983), pp. 233–237. 55. Review of M. Sina, Introduzione a Locke (Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1982), Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XXXVIII (1983), pp. 243–244.56. Review of U. Scarpelli, Thomas Hobbes. Linguaggio e leggi naturali. Il tempo e la pena (Milano, Giuffré, 1981), Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XXXVIII (1983), pp. 377–378. 57. Hobbes e il Dio delle cause, in Aa.Vv., La storia della filosofia come sapere critico. Studi offerti a Mario Dal Pra, Milano, Angeli, 1984, pp.295–307. 58. La collocazione di Alfonso Testa nel movimento filosofico italiano tra Sette e Ottocento, “Archivio storico delle province parmensi”, XXXVI (1984), pp. 183–194. 59. Review of P. Clair, Libertinage et incrédules (1665-1715?) (Paris, Ed. du CNRS, 1983), RSF, XXXIX (1984), p. 820.60. Filosofia e teologia in Hobbes, Dispense del Corso di Storia della Filosofia per l'A.A. 1984-85, Milano, Unicopli, 1985, pp. 139. 61. Definizioni e problemi della storia della filosofia, Appunti relativi alle lezioni introduttive del corso di Storia della filosofia I, Milano, Unicopli, 1985, pp. 69.62. La vita, la filosofia, e Dino Formaggio, in Aa.Vv., Dino Formaggio e l'estetica, Milano, Unicopli, 1985, pp. 47–49. 63. Review of T. Hobbes, De cive, The Latin version; De cive, The English version. A Critical Edition by H. Warrender (The Clarendon Edition of the Philosophical Works of Thomas Hobbes, voll. 2 e 3, Oxford, Clarendon, 1983), RSF, XL (1985), pp. 609–610 64. Review of W. Anders, A History of Philosophy, vol.I: Antiquity and the Middle Ages; vol. II: The Modern Age to Romanticism; vol. III: From Bolzano to Wittgenstein (Oxford, Oxford Un. Press, 1982-1984), RSF, XL (1985), pp. 824–826. 65. Soggetto individuale e genere umano nella riflessione filosofica del Cinquecento, in Aa.Vv., Ragione e 'civilitas' - Figure del vivere associato nella cultura del '500 europeo, Atti del Convegno di Diamante (7-9 November 1984), a c. di D. Bigalli, Milano, Angeli, 1986, pp.339–343. 66. Hobbes e la potenza di Dio, in Aa.Vv., Sopra la volta del mondo. Onnipotenza e potenza assoluta di Dio tra Medioevo e Età Moderna, Atti del Convegno di Studi (Dipartimento di Filosofia dell'Università degli Studi di Milano, 9-10 maggio 1985), a c. di Mariateresa Beonio-Brocchieri Fumagalli, Bergamo, Lubrina, 1986, pp. 79–91. 67. Introduzione a J. Stuart Mill, Auguste Comte e il Positivismo, tr.A. Dardanelli, Milano, Unicopli, 1986, pp. V-XV. 68. Hobbes and the Passions, “Topoi”, 6 (1987), pp. 111–119. 69. Idealismo e naturalismo.La riflessione sulla pace nel pensiero del Cinque e del Seicento, in Aa.Vv., I filosofi e la pace, Atti del V Convegno tra studiosi di filosofia morale, in memoria di Romeo Crippa, a c. di F. Baroncelli e M. Pasini, Genova, EGIC, 1987, pp. 79–104. 70. Review of M. Malherbe, Thomas Hobbes ou l'oeuvre de la raison (Paris, Vrin, 1984), RSF, XLII (1987), pp. 371–373. 71. In "Grundriss der Geschichte der Philosophie", begründet von F. Ueberweg, völlig neubearbeitete Ausgabe, Die Philosophie des 17. Jahrhunderts, Band 3 (England), hrsg.von J.-P. Schobinger, Basel, Schwabe, 1988, cap. V (Der Cartesianismus): a. Die Rezeption der cartesischen Philosophie, 12, pp. 293–297; b. Ein Anhänger und ein Gegner der cartesischen Philosophie, 13, pp. 298–309. 72. Hobbes and the Problem of God, in Aa.Vv., Perspectives on Thomas Hobbes, a c. di G.A.J.Rogers e A. Ryan, Oxford, Clarendon, 1988, pp. 171–187 73. Hobbes and Biblical Philology in the Service of the State, “Topoi”, 7 (1988), pp. 231–239. 74. Introduzione a Thomas Hobbes, Scritti teologici, trad. e note di G. Invernizzi e A. Lupoli, Milano, Angeli, 1988, pp.7–33. 75. Hobbes e la teologia, “Ragioni Critiche”, IV (1988), n. 5-6, pp. 36–41 [testo senza apparato di note della relazione presentata al Convegno Internazionale Hobbes Oggi]. 76. Il filosofo e l'educatore, in "In onore di Mario Dal Pra", Montecchio Maggiore, 1988, pp. 13–28.77. Présentation di Signes, sens et concept aux XVIe-XVIIe s., Atti delle Deux journées (Paris 10-11 décembre 1986) organizzate dall'ER 75 del CNRS diretto da A. Robinet e dal “Centro di Studi del Pensiero filosofico del Cinquecento e del Seicento” diretto da A. <mask>, “Revue de sciences philosophiques et theologiques” [fasc. mon. ], 72 (1988), pp. 193–194. 78. Il suo record, quattro secoli di antipatia, “Il Sole 24 Ore”, 3 aprile 1988, p. 10.79. Thomas Hobbes: un quadricentenario che fa discutere, “Ragioni Critiche”, IV (1988), n. 4, pp. 18–9. 80. Thomas Hobbes. L'attualità di un pessimista, [dibattito con F. Barone e F. Viola], “Eco di Locarno”, 4 giugno 1988, pp. 26–27.Secondary literature 1. Roberto Parenti, Review of Thomas Hobbes, Elementi di legge naturale e politica, edited by <mask> <mask>, in "Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia", Vol. 23, No. 3 (July–September 1968), p. 361 2. Mario Sina, Review of Cartesio in Inghilterra. Da More a Boyle by A<mask>, in "Rivista di Filosofia Neo-Scolastica" Vol. 66, No.1 (January–March 1974), pp. 183–187 3. Richard S. Westfall, review of Cartesio in Inghilterra, da More a Boyle, in "Journal of the history of philosophy, vol.13, n.1, January 1975, pp.103-104. 4. Review of Introduzione a Hobbes, by <mask> <mask>, by Jean Bernhardt, "Revue Philosophique de la France et de l'Étranger", T. 166, No. 4, (OCT.-DÉC. 1976), pp. 480–482 5.Alan Gabbey, The English Fortunes of Descrtes, Review of Cartesio in Inghilterra, in "The British Journal for the History of Science", Vol. 11, No. 2 (Jul., 1978), pp. 159–164 6. A. Babolin, Review of Il razionalismo del Seicento by A<mask>, in "Rivista di Filosofia Neo-Scolastica", Vol. 75, No. 2 (aprile-giugno 1983), pp.350–351 7. A. Babolin, Review of Eredità dell'Illuminismo. Studi sulla cultura europea fra Settecento e Ottocento by A. Santucci, in "Rivista di Filosofia Neo-Scolastica", Vol. 76, No. 3 (luglio-September 1984), pp. 503–504 8. Karl Schuhmann, Rapidità del pensiero e ascensione al cielo: alcuni motivi ermetici in Hobbes, in "Rivista di Storia della Filosofia" Vol.40, No. 2 (1985), pp. 203–227 9. Andrea Napoli, «Hobbes Oggi»: Cronaca del convegno internazionale di Milano - Locarno, 18-21 MAGGIO 1988 in "Rivista di Storia della Filosofia", Vol. 44, No. 1 (1989), pp. 163–173 10.Mario Dal Pra, La Morte di Arrigo <mask>, in “Rivista di Storia della Filosofia”, vol.44, n.1, 1989, pp. I-IV 11. Agostino Lupoli, <mask> <mask> studioso di Hobbes, in “Bollettino della Società Filosofica Italiana”, 140, maggio-agosto 1990, pp. 11–22 13. Tracy B. Strong, Review of Perspectives on Thomas Hobbes by G. A. J. Rogers, Alan Ryan, in "The British Journal for the History of Science", Vol. 23, No.3 (Sep., 1990), pp. 353–355 14. Agostino Lupoli, Alcune Note di Arrigo Pacchi e Bibliografia dei suoi scritti, in “ACME”, vol. XLV, fascicolo II, Maggio Agosto 1992. 15. Mark Goldie, Review of Perspectives on Thomas Hobbes by G. A. J. Rogers, Alan Ryan, in "The English Historical Review", Vol. 107, No.423 (Apr., 1992), pp. 469–470 16. Perez Zagorin, Hobbes's Early Philosophical Development, in "Journal of the History of Ideas", Vol. 54, No. 3 (Jul., 1993), pp. 505–518 17. Alan Gabbey, Henry More Lecteur de Descartes: Philosophie Naturelle et Apologétique, in Archives de Philosophie, Vol.58, No. 3, (July–September 1995), pp. 355–369 18. Robert Arp, The "Quinque Viae" of Thomas Hobbes in "History of Philosophy Quarterly", vol. 16, No. 4 (Oct., 1999), pp. 367–394 19.Timothy Raylor, Hobbes, Payne, and "A Short Tract on First Principles" in "The Historical Journal" Vol. 44, No. 1 (Mar., 2001), pp. 29–58 20. Frank Horstmann, Hobbes on Hypotheses in Natural Philosophy in "The Monist", Vol. 84, No. 4, (October 2001), pp.487–501 21. E. I. Rambaldi, La "Rivista" di Mario Dal Pra, palestra scientifica dei primi allievi, in Annamaria Loche, Maria Luisa Lussu (edited), Saggi di Filosofia e Storia della Filosofia: scritti dedicati a Maria Teresa Marcialis, Milan, 2012, pp. 195–222 1933 births 1989 deaths Italian historians of philosophy University of Milan alumni University of Milan faculty

<mask> was an Italian historian. He obtained a degree in philosophy from the University of Milan. He focused his studies on the natural philosophy of Thomas Hobbes and the influence of England. Life <mask> was born in 1933. He graduated from the University of Milan in 1957 with a degree in philosophy. He was appointed Associate Professor to the Faculty of Humanities at the University of Milan in 1969 and head of the Second Chair of History of Philosophy in 1973. He became the First Chair after Dal Pra's retirement.He was the head of the Department of Philosophy at the University. In 1987, he was appointed as the Director of the Centre for the studies of the philosophical thought in 16th and 17th centuries connected to scientific questions, a branch of the Italian National Council for Research. Some of the reviews that <mask> published in the journal Il Movimento di Liberazione appeared in other languages. The journal for the history of philosophy was founded in 1947 by Mario Dal Pra. <mask> died in Milan. He was 55 years old. <mask>'s first work of research was his thesis on John of Jandun.The Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia was founded and directed by Mario Dal Pra and featured articles written by <mask> on the French philosopher. The study of the history of Modern philosophy was directed by <mask>. Convenzione e ipotesi nella formazione della filosofia naturale di Thomas Hobbes was one of the outcomes of his labour. The book was published in 1965, by La Nuova Italia. The book showed that Hobbes was a student of the most relevant tenets of science in his time and that he was relevant in the history of political thought. A short monograph was published in 1971 by <mask>. The book gave an account of the intellectual development of Hobbes, from his translation of the Peloponnesian War to the debates of the last years.The cultural debate in England in the 17th century was researched by <mask> with special care to the influence of René Descartes. He wrote four essays for the collective volume, La Filosofia Moderna, Dal Quattrocento al Seicento, edited by Mario Dal Pra. They were dedicated to the philosophy of nature in England from Fludd to Harvey, to Hobbes and the political treatises in the 17th century, to the Cambridge Platonic School and the Latitudinarians, and eventually to Locke and the Experimental Philosophy. <mask> edited excerpts from the works of a group of 19th century materialist philosophers. He put the texts explaining the choice in their historical and cultural context. Despite their general diffidence to philosophy, the German materialists had two "protective deities", Schopenhauer and Feuerbach, whom they often refer to, although they never understood them completely. You can wonder of the connection, but your surprise will be short lived, if you consider the fact that these two thinkers voiced from different perspectives, the fastest and the most intransigent anti-idealist reaction in Germany in the second quarter of XIX century.An essay written by <mask> in 1979 was part of a work on the Legacy of Enlightenment. He published an introduction to the essay on human understanding in 1983. The second work on Locke was printed as a book. <mask> studied the philosophy of Thomas Hobbes from 1981 to 1988. He gave a contribution to the International Congress on the subject. There is a shift in the interests of the Italian scholar towards the role of religion on the political philosophy of the author of Leviathan. <mask> published a contribution in honor of Mario Dal Pra.During this time, <mask> wrote several works, including Filosofia e Teologia in Hobbes, Hobbes e la Potenza di Dio, Hobbes e la Teologia, Some Guidelines in Hobbes' Theology, and Biblical Philology in the Service of the State. The method of research followed by <mask> is described by Mario Dal Pra. The inedited sources and manuscripts were examined for new perspectives and historical connections never considered before. <mask> used a methodological approach to the history of philosophy in his review of Raymond Polin's book that criticized the value of religious faith. He praises the French author for connecting Hobbes' mechanical conception of nature to his political philosophy. The liberal interpretation of that same philosophy was shown by <mask> in the same review. <mask> wanted the historian of philosophy to be fair to his sources.<mask> emphasized the "fair" approach when describing a logical fault in Polin's conclusions: the French author cites the same sources and the same arguments, but reaches different conclusions. Agostino Lupoli's "Alcune note di Arrigo <mask> e Bibliografia dei suoi scritti" was the basis of the primary literature. Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XII was published in 1957. 24–42. The review of U. Eco is in S. Tommaso. Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia XII was published in 1957. 3.Commento di Giovanni di Jandun: a. The teoria del senso agente is in the Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia. L'unicit dell'intelletto e l'unit della scienza, Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XIV, pp. La polemica contro il tomismo, pp. The questione della "doppia verit" was published in 1960. 372–373. The review of I. Vitale, L'armonia prestabilita in Leibniz was published in 1960.110–111. There is a review of F. Viscidi's Il problema della musica nella filosofia di Schopenhauer. The year was 473–474. 6. The Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia was published in 1962. 525–547. There is a review of three treatises.The 'Commentariolus' was written by Copernicus. The letter was written against Werner. The 'Narratio Prima' of Rheticus was written in New York. Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia was published in 1962. 21–18. The L'idea di artisticit was reviewed. Dalla "morte dell'arte" al "ricominciamento" dell'estetica filosofica was published in 1962.231–232. The review of Y. Belaval is in Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia. 25–61 10. Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XIX was published in 1964. 159–168. There is a review of S.I.The Hunting of Leviathan was written by Mintz. Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia was published in 1964. 222–222. There is a review of C.H. H.M. Wolff and Wildon are both from New York. Allbeseelung un Skepsis is part of the Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia. 23–38.There is a review of P. Costabel. Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia, XIX was published in 1964. 335–335. A review of N.G. The Renaissance Concept of Method was written by Ward. Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia was published in 1964. 46–62.There is a review of Aa.Vv., Seventeenth Century Science and the Arts. Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia was published in 1964. 465–464. 16. La Nuova Italia, 1965, pp. Convenzione e ipotesi nella formazione della filosofia naturale di Thomas Hobbes. 250. 17A cura di A.P. Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia was written by Ruggero Bacone and Roberto Grossatesta. 499–500. The Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia has a review of L. Gysi. 103–105. The review of C. Cattaneo is in the Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia. 25–5820. The Rivista di Filosofia was published in 1966. 304–335. 21. "Biblioteca ideale" di Thomas Hobbes: il MS E2 dell'Archivio di Chatsworth, Annali della Facolt di Lettere e Filosofia dell'Universit degli Studi di Milano, pp. 2–3. 22.In 1968, there was a publication called "Cultura e Scuola". 118–6. It was 23. Thomas Hobbes, Elementi di legge naturale, pres. A note by A<mask> in La Nuova Italia. XII-272 [rist. A.1985 W. Simon, European Positivism in the Nineteenth Century was reviewed. Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia was published in 1963. 99–101. 25. Thomas Hobbes, Logica, libert e necessit. Intr.The cura di A. <mask> was published in 1969. There was a score of 129. 26. Galileo, Opere, intr. There is a cura di A. <mask>, Napoli, Fulvio Rossi. 608, 552. The review of Galileo Reappraised was written by C. Golino.Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia was published by California Press. 110–111. The Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia has a review of A. Pasquinelli, Letture galileiane. Review of M. Clavelin. The Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia has an essay on the formation of the mécanique classique. 465–465. 30.De homine was written by Thomas Hobbes. It is possible that it is possible that it is possible that it is possible that it is possible that it is possible that it is possible that it is possible that it is possible that it is possible that it is possible that it is possible that it is possible that it is possible that it is The cura di A. Pacchi was published in 1970. Intr. 196, 1972 and 1984 parz. pp. It's called XL-165)There is a review of M. Corsi in Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia. 202, 202, 202, 202, 202, 202, 202, 202, 202, 202, 202, 202, 202, 202, 202, 202, 202, 202, 202, 202, 202, 202, 202, 202, 202, 202, 202, 202, 202, It was 32. The Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia was written by Henry More cartesiano. pp. 3–19. 115–140. 33.Introduzione a Hobbes, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1971, pp. There is a seconda ed. It was con suppl. The Bibliografica, Roma-Bari, was published in 1979. 199; 1986]. 34. In Inghilterra da More a Boyle, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1973, pp.XV-272. 35. Thomas Hobbes, antologia, scelta, intr. A note by A<mask>. La Nuova Italia, 1973, pp. di N. Bobbio e A. <mask>. XLVI-258. 36.Atti del XXIV Congresso Nazionale di Filosofia, vol. was written by Robert Boyle. The second part of the book, Societ Filosofica Italiana, was published in 1974. 443–450. 37. A Thomas Hobbes, Leviatano. M. Vinciguerra, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1974, pp. V-XIV.38. La materia, Milano, Isedi, was published in 1976. 166. 39. "Storia della Filosofia" was written by Mario Dal Pra. F. Vallardi, VII, Milano, 1976: a. La filosofia inglese da Fludd ad Harvey.22, pp. b. Hobbes e la trattatistica politica, cap. 23, pp. The Platonici di Cambridge e Latitudinari was cap. 30, pp. John Locke, cap., d. La filosofia sperimentale. 31, pp.715 was the final number. The Review of Aa.Vv.,Scienza e filosofia Scozzese nell'et di Hume was written by A. Santucci. 343–343. 45. The Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia was published in 1978. 54–1. It was 46.Aa. Materialisti dell'Ottocento, scelta, introduzione, and Bibliografiche a cura di A. <mask> were published in 1978. 368. It was 47. Schopenhauer tra Illuminismo e Materialismo, in Aa.Vv., Eredit dell'Illuminismo, was published in 1979. 20–30 48.Economia ed etica dei bisogni, in Aa.Vv., La dimensione dell' economico - Filosofi ed economisti a confronto. 258–265. 49. Schopenhauer e il criticismo kantiano, Milano, pp. 24. 50. The razionalismo del Seicento was written by A<mask>.243. 51. Scelta, premesse e note, a c. di A. <mask>, Milano. 149. It was 52. "Saggio sull'intelletto umano" di Locke, Milano, Unicopli, 1983, pp. There is a limit to the number of words that can be used in this article.It was 53. In Aa.Vv., Hobbes e la Bibbia, in Atti del Convegno Internazionale di Pavia, a c. di. 327–331. The review of R. Polin, Hobbes, Dieu et les hommes was published in 1983 in Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia. 23–37. There is a review of M. Sina in Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia. 24–42.The review of Thomas Hobbes. Linguaggio e leggi naturali. The Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia was published in 1983. 377–377. 57. La storia della filosofia come sapere critico, in Aa.Vv., Hobbes e il Dio delle cause. The offerti a Mario Dal Pra was published in 1984.295–7. 58. Alfonso Testa nel movimento italiano tra Sette e Ottocento was the subject of a collocazione. 183–194. There is a review of P. Clair, Libertinage et incrédules. Paris, Ed. RSF, XXXIX (1984), p. 800.60. The Corso di Storia della Filosofia per l'A.A. is located in Hobbes. Unicopli, 1985, pp. There are 141. 61. Appunti relativi alle lezioni introduttive del corso di Storia della filosofia I. 69.62. In Aa.Vv., Dino Formaggio e l'estetica, Milano, Unicopli, 1985, pp. 47–49. The English and Latin versions of T. Hobbes, De cive. The Clarendon Edition of the Philosophical Works of Thomas Hobbes was written by H. Warrender. 2 e 3, Oxford, Clarendon, 1983, pp. The review of W. Anders is in A History of Philosophy.The Middle Ages and the Archaeology. The Modern Age to Romanticism is the second volume. I was from Bolzano to Wittgenstein. RSF, pp., pp., pp., pp., pp., pp., pp., pp., pp., pp., pp., pp., pp., pp., pp., pp., pp., pp., pp 825–825. 65. Aa.Vv., Ragione e 'civilitas' - Figure del vivere associato nella cultura del '500 europeo'.343. 66. In Aa.Vv., Hobbes e la potenza di Dio. Atti del Convegno di Studi (Dipartimento di Filosofia dell'Universit degli Studi di Milano, 9-10 maggio 1985) is a c. di Maria. 81–83. 67. A J. Stuart Mill, Auguste Comte e il Positivismo.A. Dardanelli, Milano, Unicopli, pp. V-XV. There is a limit to the number of words that can be used in this article. Hobbes and the Passions was published in 1987. 111–119. 69. It is idealismo e naturalismo.La riflessione sulla pace in Aa.Vv., I filosofi e la pace, Atti del V Convegno. 78–104. The review of M. Malherbe, Thomas Hobbes ou l'oeuvre de la raison was published in 1987. 371–374. There is abaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaout F. Ueberweg, begrndet von "grundriss der Geschichte der Philosophie". Band 3 is from England.The cap was von J.-P. Schobinger. The word "v" is derived from the Latin word for "restraint." A. V is derived from the Latin word for "restraint." The Rezeption der cartesischen Philosophie is in the 12th edition. The b. Ein Anhnger was published in 13 pp. 322–322. There is abaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaout The problem of God is the subject of Hobbes and the Perspectives on Thomas Hobbes.Rogers e A. Ryan was published in 1988. 171–189 73. There is Hobbes and Biblical Philology in the Service of the State. 231–239 There is abaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaout There is a Thomas Hobbes. A. Lupoli, Milano, Angeli, pp. e note di G. Invernizzi.7–33 75. The fourth edition of Hobbes e la teologia, "Ragioni Critiche", was published in 1988. 36–41 [testo senza apparato di note della relazione presentata al Convegno internazionale Hobbes Oggi]. There is abaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaout Montecchio Maggiore published "In onore di Mario Dal Pra" in 1988. 13–28.There is abaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaoutbaout The concept aux XVIe-XVIIe s. was organizzate dall'ER 75 del CNRS diretto da A. Robinet. It's mon. 72 (1988), pp. 192–194. 78. On April 3, 1988, the suo record, quattro Secoli di antipatia, was published.There are 78. The book "Ragioni Critiche" was written by Thomas Hobbes. 18–10. 80. Thomas Hobbes. L'attualit di un pessimista was published in 1988. 26– 27.Secondary literature. The Review of Thomas Hobbes was edited by <mask> <mask>. 23, No. p. 361 2 was published in July and September 1968. The Review of Cartesio was written by Mario Sina. Da More a Boyle was written by A<mask>. 66, No.January–March 1974 pp. 183–189 3. "Journal of the history of philosophy, vol.13, n.1, January 1975, pp. 103-104" was written by Richard S. Westfall. The review of Introduzione a Hobbes was written by <mask> <mask>. On Oct. 4, it will be 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 pp. 480–482 5.The English Fortunes of Descrtes was reviewed in The British Journal for the History of Science. No. 11, No. 2 (July, 1978), pp. 159–164 6. A. Babolin wrote a review of the work by A. <mask>. 75, No. pp. 2 (aprile-giugno 1983).350–35 7. The Review of Eredit dell'Illuminismo was written by A. Babolin. The cultura europea was written by A. Santucci. 76, No. 3 was published in September 1984. 503–504 8. Karl Schuhmann, Rapidit del pensiero e ascensione al cielo: alcuni motivi ermetici in Hobbes.40, No. pp. 20–29 9. Cronaca del convegno internazionale di Milano - Locarno was written by Hobbes Oggi. 44, No. pp. 1 (1989) 163–174 10.Mario Dal Pra wrote in "Rivista di Storia della Filosofia", vol. 44, n.1, 1989. I-IV 11. <mask> <mask> studioso di Hobbes was written by Agostino Lupoli. 11–22 B. The British Journal for the History of Science has a review of Perspectives on Thomas Hobbes. 23, No.3 (September, 1990), pp. 353–355 14. The Alcune Note di Arrigo <mask> e Bibliografia dei suoi scritti was written by Agostino Lupoli. The Maggio Agosto was published in 1992. 15. The Review of Perspectives on Thomas Hobbes was written by Mark Goldie. No. 105, No.pp. 423 (Apr., 1992) 465–465 16. The journal of the history of ideas has a piece on Perez Zagorin. 54, No. 3 was published in July of 1993. 518 17. Archives de Philosophie, Vol., contains Alan Gabbey's Henry More Lecteur de Descartes: Philosophie Naturelle et Apologétique.58, No. pp. 3, (July–September 1995). 355–373 18. The "Quinque Viae" of Thomas Hobbes was written by Robert Arp. 16, No. In October 1999, pp. 4. 372–373 19."A Short Tract on First Principles" was written by Timothy Raylor. 44, No. There is a pp. 1 (Mar., 2001). 29–58 20 "The Monist" features Hobbes on Hypotheses in Natural Philosophy. 84, No. In October 2001, pp. 4.487–500 21. The "Rivista" di Mario Dal Pra, palestra scientifica dei primi allievi, was written by E. I. Rambaldi. The University of Milan alumni have died in the last two decades.

6714276

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray%20Robson

Murray Robson

Lieutenant Colonel Ewan Murray Robson (7 March 1906 – 26 August 1974) was an Australian lawyer, soldier and a member of the New South Wales Parliament for over twenty years. Known for most of his life as Murray Robson, he was born in Sydney and educated at Newington College and the University of Sydney, where he gained degrees in arts and law. After working several years as a solicitor, Robson stood for, and was elected to, parliament on 29 August 1936 at a by-election for the seat of Vaucluse. He served many years on the backbenches, he enlisted in the Second World War and served with distinction during the war, gaining promotion to lieutenant colonel and receiving the Distinguished Service Order for his service. Returning to politics, he had missed the foundation of the Liberal Party in 1945. When long-time Leader Vernon Treatt resigned the leadership in 1954 and contests between Deputy Leader Robert Askin and Pat Morton became deadlocked he was asked to stand and was consequently elected as party leader and Leader of the Opposition. He served little more than a year before he was deposed by Pat Morton. In 1957 he retired from politics and returned to his legal career before retiring. He died of a heart attack in August 1974. Early life Murray Robson was born in Ashfield, New South Wales on 7 March 1906, the second son of long-serving NSW politician William Elliott Veitch Robson and Mabel Jackson Wise. His grandfather, William Robson, was also a Member of the NSW Legislative Council from 1900 to 1920. Being educated at Newington College from 1918 to 1923, Robson graduated with a Bachelor of Arts (1927) and a Bachelor of Law (1930) at the University of Sydney while a resident of St. Paul's College. Robson was admitted as a solicitor on 4 June 1930 and practised with his father at Robson & Cowlishaw. He married Lesley Alison Martin in 1931 at St Stephen's Presbyterian Church, Sydney and had two sons. When sitting United Australia Party (UAP) MP William Foster died in office, Robson stood as an Independent UAP candidate at the resulting by-election in Foster's vacated Legislative Assembly seat of Vaucluse. At the by-election on 29 August 1936, he emerged successful, with 62.63% of the vote, becoming the third generation of his family to serve in the NSW Parliament. Soon after his election Robson joined the UAP but soon joined a group of government backbenchers who were unhappy with the Bertram Stevens government's economic management and the party's control over preselection, becoming prominent in the struggle that led to the resignation of the Premier Stevens and his replacement by Alexander Mair in August 1939. At the 4 March 1938 election, Robson retained his seat uncontested. Military career When the Second World War broke out, Robson initially enlisted as a lieutenant in the Militia from 29 September 1939. On 25 December, Robson was granted a leave of absence from the NSW Parliament, with his father dealing with his affairs, and enlisted in the Second Australian Imperial Force on 29 December. Embarking for Scotland with the 2nd/5th Field Regiment, Royal Australian Artillery, in May 1940, he disembarked at Gourock, Scotland on 18 June 1940. Transferring to the 2/31st Battalion in the 7th Division, and was trained in the AIF School. On 3 March 1941, he left Britain, arriving in the Middle East on 9 March. On 9 May 1941, he was appointed to captain. In June 1941 Captain Robson received a shrapnel wound to the foot while fighting in Syria. Attached to the Middle East Tactical School, he rejoined his unit in February 1942 and served with distinction in North Africa, being promoted to major on 8 October 1942. On 3 December 1942, Robson departed North Africa with his unit, disembarking at Brisbane, Queensland, on 8 January 1943. On 11 June 1943, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel and given command of the 2/31st Battalion. In August 1943 Robson sailed with his unit to New Guinea where he suffered bouts of malaria. He was Mentioned in Despatches three times. On 6 March 1945 he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order, on a recommendation by his Commanding officer, Major General George Alan Vasey. DSO citation In July 1945 he led his unit in the invasion of Balikpapan, Borneo, and in September accepted the surrender of Japanese forces under Major General Michio Uno at Bandjermasin in the Dutch East Indies. Relinquishing command, he returned to Sydney and was placed on the Reserve of Officers in November before being discharged on 21 November 1945. Post-war career Upon demobilisation, Robson returned to his political career. His long absence during his war service had put pressure on his marriage and ended when his wife divorced him in 1947. He remarried soon after to Naomi Priscilla Gee at St Peter's Anglican Church, Watsons Bay on 9 December 1950. During his military service he had missed the political upheavals of the collapse of the UAP and the foundation of the Liberal Party in 1945. He retained his seat at the election on 3 May 1947, assisted by a young Robert Askin, a former Sergeant in his battalion. Robson retained his seat again with 67.39%. He later supported Askin in his bid to enter the Parliament in 1950. Robson was re-elected with 68.37%. He was returned again at the 14 February 1953 election unopposed. In August 1954, after the long-serving leader, Vernon Treatt, announced his intention to resign, and now-Deputy-Leader Askin and Pat Morton had tied in a vote to succeed him, Robson was persuaded by Askin to accept the Leadership of the Liberal Party as a compromise candidate. Like other senior members of the party, after having no conservative government since Alexander Mair in 1941, Robson had no experience in government, he had little interest in policy except for Cold War anti-communism, ignored majority views of his party and fellow parliamentary colleagues and further alienated party members by trying to forge a closer alliance with Michael Bruxner's Country Party. Over a year after he assumed the leadership, at a party meeting on 20 September 1955, senior party member Ken McCaw moved that the leadership be declared vacant, citing that Robson's leadership lacked the qualities necessary for winning the next election. The motion was carried 15 votes to 5. Robson then moved a motion to prevent Pat Morton, who was the only person nominated for leader, from taking the leadership. This was defeated 16 votes to 6 and Morton was elected unopposed as leader, with Robert Askin remaining as Deputy Leader. Robson retorted that there had been a "continuous intrigue" against his leadership. He was returned for the last time at the 3 March 1956 election with 71.41%. Robson, however, did not stay long afterward; on 26 July 1957, he resigned his seat, and returned to his legal practice until he retired. Later life At the resulting by-election on 24 August 1957, Vaucluse was held by the Liberals candidate, Geoffrey Cox, despite a significant reduction in the Liberal margin. In retirement he belonged to the Royal Sydney Golf Club, the Rose Bay Bowling Club and The University Club. He was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 1966 New Year Honours, On 26 August 1974, Robson died of a heart attack at his Rose Bay home, survived by his second wife and both his sons. References   1906 births 1974 deaths People from Sydney People educated at Newington College University of Sydney alumni Australian solicitors Australian Army officers Australian military personnel of World War II Companions of the Distinguished Service Order Members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly United Australia Party members of the Parliament of New South Wales Liberal Party of Australia members of the Parliament of New South Wales Commanders of the Order of the British Empire Leaders of the Opposition in New South Wales 20th-century Australian politicians

Lieutenant Colonel <mask> (7 March 1906 – 26 August 1974) was an Australian lawyer, soldier and a member of the New South Wales Parliament for over twenty years. Known for most of his life as <mask>, he was born in Sydney and educated at Newington College and the University of Sydney, where he gained degrees in arts and law. After working several years as a solicitor, <mask> stood for, and was elected to, parliament on 29 August 1936 at a by-election for the seat of Vaucluse. He served many years on the backbenches, he enlisted in the Second World War and served with distinction during the war, gaining promotion to lieutenant colonel and receiving the Distinguished Service Order for his service. Returning to politics, he had missed the foundation of the Liberal Party in 1945. When long-time Leader Vernon Treatt resigned the leadership in 1954 and contests between Deputy Leader Robert Askin and Pat Morton became deadlocked he was asked to stand and was consequently elected as party leader and Leader of the Opposition. He served little more than a year before he was deposed by Pat Morton.In 1957 he retired from politics and returned to his legal career before retiring. He died of a heart attack in August 1974. Early life <mask> was born in Ashfield, New South Wales on 7 March 1906, the second son of long-serving NSW politician William Elliott Veitch <mask> and Mabel Jackson Wise. His grandfather, <mask>, was also a Member of the NSW Legislative Council from 1900 to 1920. Being educated at Newington College from 1918 to 1923, <mask> graduated with a Bachelor of Arts (1927) and a Bachelor of Law (1930) at the University of Sydney while a resident of St. Paul's College. <mask> was admitted as a solicitor on 4 June 1930 and practised with his father at Robson & Cowlishaw. He married Lesley Alison Martin in 1931 at St Stephen's Presbyterian Church, Sydney and had two sons.When sitting United Australia Party (UAP) MP William Foster died in office, <mask> stood as an Independent UAP candidate at the resulting by-election in Foster's vacated Legislative Assembly seat of Vaucluse. At the by-election on 29 August 1936, he emerged successful, with 62.63% of the vote, becoming the third generation of his family to serve in the NSW Parliament. Soon after his election <mask> joined the UAP but soon joined a group of government backbenchers who were unhappy with the Bertram Stevens government's economic management and the party's control over preselection, becoming prominent in the struggle that led to the resignation of the Premier Stevens and his replacement by Alexander Mair in August 1939. At the 4 March 1938 election, <mask> retained his seat uncontested. Military career When the Second World War broke out, <mask> initially enlisted as a lieutenant in the Militia from 29 September 1939. On 25 December, <mask> was granted a leave of absence from the NSW Parliament, with his father dealing with his affairs, and enlisted in the Second Australian Imperial Force on 29 December. Embarking for Scotland with the 2nd/5th Field Regiment, Royal Australian Artillery, in May 1940, he disembarked at Gourock, Scotland on 18 June 1940.Transferring to the 2/31st Battalion in the 7th Division, and was trained in the AIF School. On 3 March 1941, he left Britain, arriving in the Middle East on 9 March. On 9 May 1941, he was appointed to captain. In June 1941 Captain <mask> received a shrapnel wound to the foot while fighting in Syria. Attached to the Middle East Tactical School, he rejoined his unit in February 1942 and served with distinction in North Africa, being promoted to major on 8 October 1942. On 3 December 1942, <mask> departed North Africa with his unit, disembarking at Brisbane, Queensland, on 8 January 1943. On 11 June 1943, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel and given command of the 2/31st Battalion.In August 1943 <mask> sailed with his unit to New Guinea where he suffered bouts of malaria. He was Mentioned in Despatches three times. On 6 March 1945 he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order, on a recommendation by his Commanding officer, Major General George Alan Vasey. DSO citation In July 1945 he led his unit in the invasion of Balikpapan, Borneo, and in September accepted the surrender of Japanese forces under Major General Michio Uno at Bandjermasin in the Dutch East Indies. Relinquishing command, he returned to Sydney and was placed on the Reserve of Officers in November before being discharged on 21 November 1945. Post-war career Upon demobilisation, <mask> returned to his political career. His long absence during his war service had put pressure on his marriage and ended when his wife divorced him in 1947.He remarried soon after to Naomi Priscilla Gee at St Peter's Anglican Church, Watsons Bay on 9 December 1950. During his military service he had missed the political upheavals of the collapse of the UAP and the foundation of the Liberal Party in 1945. He retained his seat at the election on 3 May 1947, assisted by a young Robert Askin, a former Sergeant in his battalion. <mask> retained his seat again with 67.39%. He later supported Askin in his bid to enter the Parliament in 1950. <mask> was re-elected with 68.37%. He was returned again at the 14 February 1953 election unopposed.In August 1954, after the long-serving leader, Vernon Treatt, announced his intention to resign, and now-Deputy-Leader Askin and Pat Morton had tied in a vote to succeed him, <mask> was persuaded by Askin to accept the Leadership of the Liberal Party as a compromise candidate. Like other senior members of the party, after having no conservative government since Alexander Mair in 1941, <mask> had no experience in government, he had little interest in policy except for Cold War anti-communism, ignored majority views of his party and fellow parliamentary colleagues and further alienated party members by trying to forge a closer alliance with Michael Bruxner's Country Party. Over a year after he assumed the leadership, at a party meeting on 20 September 1955, senior party member Ken McCaw moved that the leadership be declared vacant, citing that <mask>'s leadership lacked the qualities necessary for winning the next election. The motion was carried 15 votes to 5. <mask> then moved a motion to prevent Pat Morton, who was the only person nominated for leader, from taking the leadership. This was defeated 16 votes to 6 and Morton was elected unopposed as leader, with Robert Askin remaining as Deputy Leader. <mask> retorted that there had been a "continuous intrigue" against his leadership.He was returned for the last time at the 3 March 1956 election with 71.41%. <mask>, however, did not stay long afterward; on 26 July 1957, he resigned his seat, and returned to his legal practice until he retired. Later life At the resulting by-election on 24 August 1957, Vaucluse was held by the Liberals candidate, Geoffrey Cox, despite a significant reduction in the Liberal margin. In retirement he belonged to the Royal Sydney Golf Club, the Rose Bay Bowling Club and The University Club. He was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 1966 New Year Honours, On 26 August 1974, <mask> died of a heart attack at his Rose Bay home, survived by his second wife and both his sons. References   1906 births 1974 deaths People from Sydney People educated at Newington College University of Sydney alumni Australian solicitors Australian Army officers Australian military personnel of World War II Companions of the Distinguished Service Order Members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly United Australia Party members of the Parliament of New South Wales Liberal Party of Australia members of the Parliament of New South Wales Commanders of the Order of the British Empire Leaders of the Opposition in New South Wales 20th-century Australian politicians

A member of the New South Wales Parliament for over twenty years, Lieutenant Colonel <mask> was an Australian lawyer, soldier and a member of the Australian army. He gained degrees in arts and law after graduating from Newington College, where he was born. On August 29, 1936, at a by-election for the seat of Vaucluse, <mask> was elected to parliament. He enlisted in the Second World War and was promoted to lieutenant colonel and received a distinguished service order for his service. He missed the foundation of the Liberal Party when he returned to politics. When long-time Leader Vernon Treatt resigned the leadership in 1954, he was asked to stand and was elected leader and leader of the opposition. He was deposed by Pat Morton after serving less than a year.He returned to his legal career after retiring from politics. He died of a heart attack. <mask> was born in Ashfield, New South Wales, on March 7, 1906, the second son of a long-serving politician. <mask> was a Member of the Legislative Council from 1900 to 1920. While living in St. Paul's College, he obtained a Bachelor of Arts in 1927 and a Bachelor of Law in 1930. On June 4, 1930, he was admitted as a lawyer and practised with his father. He had two sons and was married in 1931.The by-election for the Legislative Assembly seat of Vaucluse was held after William Foster died in office. He became the third generation of his family to serve in the parliament when he won the by-election in 1936. Soon after joining the UAP, he joined a group of government backbenchers who were unhappy with the Stevens government's economic management and the party's control over preselection, leading to the resignation of the premier and his replacement. <mask> retained his seat at the election. After the Second World War broke out, he enlisted as a lieutenant in the Militia. <mask> enlisted in the Second Australian Imperial Force on December 29th, after being granted a leave of absence from the New South Wales Parliament, with his father dealing with his affairs. He disembarked at Gourock, Scotland on June 18, 1940.Transferring to the 2/31st Battalion in the 7th Division was trained in the AIF School. He left Britain on 3 March 1941 and arrived in the Middle East on 9 March. He was appointed to captain on May 9, 1941. Captain <mask> was wounded in Syria in June 1941. He was promoted to major on October 8, 1942, after serving with distinction in North Africa. On December 3, 1942, <mask> left North Africa with his unit and arrived in Australia on January 8, 1943. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel and given command of the 2/31st battalion on June 11, 1943.During the summer of 1943, when he was with his unit, he had bouts of Malaria. He was Mentioned three times. His Commanding officer, Major General George Alan Vasey, recommended that he be awarded the distinguished service order. In July 1945 he led his unit in the invasion of Borneo and in September he accepted the surrender of Japanese forces in the Dutch East Indies. He was placed on the Reserve of Officers in November of 1945 after relinquishing command. After demobilisation, <mask> returned to his political career. When his wife divorced him in 1947, his long absence during his war service put pressure on his marriage.On December 9, 1950, he wed Naomi Priscilla Gee at St Peter's Anglican Church. He missed the political upheavals of the collapse of the UAP and the foundation of the Liberal Party during his military service. Robert Askin, a former Sergeant in his battalion, helped him retain his seat at the election. He retained his seat with 67.39 percent. He supported Askin in his bid to enter the Parliament. He was re-elected with 68.3%. He was re-elected at the 14 February 1953 election.After the long-serving leader, Vernon Treatt, announced his intention to resign, and now-Deputy-Leader Askin and Pat Morton had tied in a vote to succeed him, <mask> was persuaded by Askin to accept the Leadership of the Liberal Party as a compromise candidate. After having no conservative government since Alexander Mair in 1941, <mask> had little interest in policy except for Cold War anti-communism and ignored majority views of his party and fellow parliamentary colleagues. At a party meeting on September 20, 1955, senior party member Ken McCaw moved that the leadership be declared vacant due to the lack of qualities needed for winning the next election. The vote was 15 to 5. The motion was moved to prevent Pat Morton from taking the leadership. Robert Askin remained as deputy leader after this was defeated 16 votes to 6. There had been a lot of intrigue against his leadership.He was returned for the last time in March of 1956. On July 26, 1957, he resigned from his seat and returned to his legal practice. Vaucluse was held by the Liberals despite a significant reduction in their margin. He was a member of the Royal Sydney Golf Club, the Rose Bay Bowling Club and The University Club. He died of a heart attack at his Rose Bay home on August 26, 1974 after being appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1966. The distinguished service order members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly and the United Australia Party were educated at Newington College.

60017732

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knut%20Gillis%20Bildt

Knut Gillis Bildt

General Knut Gillis Bildt (13 July 1854 – 13 October 1927) was a Swedish Army officer and politician. His senior commands include the post of Quartermaster-General of the Swedish Army (1904–1905) and Chief of the General Staff (1905–1919). Bildt was also a member of parliament for Norrbotten County representing the Protectionist Party for eight years. Career Knut Gillis Bildt was born on 13 July 1854 in Stockholm, Sweden, the younger son of the then major, later the Governor of Stockholm and the Prime Minister of Sweden, Friherre Gillis Bildt and his wife Rosa Lucie Dufva, and brother to the diplomat, the member of the Swedish Academy etc., Friherre Carl Bildt. After having passed the cadet course at the Military Academy Karlberg in 1869-71, he was commissioned as underlöjtnant in the Life Regiment Dragoon Corps in 1871 and was three years later promoted to lieutenant there. That same year, the father had become Swedish envoy in Berlin and the son now attended the Prussian Staff College there from 1875 to 1878. After returning home, in 1880 he was transferred to the General Staff, where he became captain in 1883. Since 1883 Bildt belonged to the then Crown Prince Gustaf's staff, for whom he was the chief for a number of years. In 1883 he also was appointed to be a teacher at the Royal Swedish Army Staff College and remained on this post until he, in 1890, advanced to ryttmästare in the Life Regiment Dragoons. In 1891, Bildt was promoted to major in the General Staff was appointed head of its Communications Department. Bildt was then vice chief of the Military Office of the Ministry of Land Defence from 1892 to 1893. He was moved in 1893 as lieutenant colonel and first major to Småland Hussar Regiment (Smålands husarregemente), where in 1896 he became colonel and regimental commander. He was also head of the Crown Prince's staff from 1896. In 1899, Bildt was elected by Norrbotten County County Council to the Första kammaren, of which he for three years (1900-1902) was a member of the Committee on the State (Statsutskottet). Bildt was also a member of the 1907 Special Defense Committee, within which he put in an extremely successful and appreciated work, although he was eventually forced to see a reconciliation proposal adopted, for which he did not consider himself able to give his vote. In the Rikdag the following years, he belonged to those who were eager to urgently deliver on the promise of suffrage extension as a complement to conscription extension, and declared his adherence to the Committee on the Constitution's compromise proposal rather than giving in to the uncertain path of a proportionalist parliamentary memorandum. Bildt was also a member of several committees; the Committee on Sweden's Permanent Defense (Kommittén angående Sveriges fasta försvar) 1897-1898, in the Committee on Field Service Regulations for the Army (Kommittén angående fälttjänstreglemente för armén) in 1899, in the Coastal Artillery Committee (Kustartillerikommittén) in 1899-1900 and in the War Legislative Committee (Krigslagstiftningskommittén) from 1901. He was also a member of the Committee on the State from 1900 to 1902 and in Special Committee (Särskilt utskott) in 1901. After 1902 having been transported back to the Life Regiment Dragoons as colonel and executive officer (sekundchef), he was promoted to major general in 1904 and appointed Quartermaster-General of the Swedish Army and commanding officer of the Royal Swedish Army Materiel Administration's Quartermaster Department and of the Swedish Army Quartermaster Corps, and appointed the following year to Chief of the General Staff. In 1910, Bildt was promoted to lieutenant general. Bildt's activities in the General Staff, he had presented in Härordningslärans grunddrag : härordningen i allmänhet (1885), which can be said to be an overview of the basic principles of contemporary German war science. Bildt's ideal was an army order with a permanent peace organization of permanent troop units, which during war outbreaks without changeover could occupy the conscripts. As Chief of the General Staff, Bildt carried out a complete reorganization of the same. Innovation was his business even for the organization of war preparations. In the tactics, Bildt sought to adapt modern views to the country's special conditions, for example through in-depth trials with winter warfare in northern Sweden's mountain and forest terrain, coastal and border defense, operations in the dark, exercises in long-term war and heavy artillery use in mobile warfare, as well as several technical news. Bildt's strong interest in the theory of war was manifested in the General Staff, including when he dedicated to the War History Department the study of Charles XII's war. The result was the famous work Karl XII på slagfältet (1918-1919). Later he published Härordningsfrågor (1922), in which he summed up the teachings of the World War I. In many ways he showed himself there on the position he had taken because of his early studies in Germany. For the value of news, such as the tank weapon and the air force, he did not show a particularly distinct mind. Personal life In 1883, Bildt married the maid of honour of the Crown Princess, Baroness Helene Åkerhielm af Blombacka, the daughter of captain, Baron Oscar Åkerhielm and Baroness Fredrique Åkerhielm. In the marriage, Colonel Nils Bildt, who became the grandfather of Carl Bildt, Prime Minister of Sweden 1991-1994, was born. Dates of rank 1871 – Underlöjtnant 1875 – Lieutenant 1883 – Captain 1891 – Major 1893 – Lieutenant Colonel 1896 – Colonel 1904 – Major General 1910 – Lieutenant General 1919 – General Awards and decorations Swedish Knight and Commander of the Orders of His Majesty the King (11 July 1919) King Oscar II's Jubilee Commemorative Medal (1897) Crown Prince Gustaf V and Crown Princess Silver Wedding Medal (1906) Commander Grand Cross of the Order of the Sword (6 June 1911) Commander First Class of the Order of the Polar Star (28 April 1908) Foreign Grand Cross of the Order of the Zähringer Lion Grand Cross of the Order of the Dannebrog Knight First Class of the Order of the Crown Grand Cross of the Albert Order with golden star Knight Second Class of the Order of Saint Anna Knight Third Class of the Order of the Red Eagle Knight First Class of the Order of the White Falcon Honours Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences (1891) Honorary member of the Royal Swedish Society of Naval Sciences (1907) Bibliography References External links Entry at Svenskt biografiskt lexikon 1854 births 1927 deaths Swedish Army generals Military personnel from Stockholm Members of the upper house of the Riksdag Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences Members of the Royal Swedish Society of Naval Sciences Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of the Sword Commanders First Class of the Order of the Polar Star Knut Gillis

General <mask> (13 July 1854 – 13 October 1927) was a Swedish Army officer and politician. His senior commands include the post of Quartermaster-General of the Swedish Army (1904–1905) and Chief of the General Staff (1905–1919). Bildt was also a member of parliament for Norrbotten County representing the Protectionist Party for eight years. Career <mask> was born on 13 July 1854 in Stockholm, Sweden, the younger son of the then major, later the Governor of Stockholm and the Prime Minister of Sweden, <mask> and his wife Rosa Lucie Dufva, and brother to the diplomat, the member of the Swedish Academy etc., <mask>. After having passed the cadet course at the Military Academy Karlberg in 1869-71, he was commissioned as underlöjtnant in the Life Regiment Dragoon Corps in 1871 and was three years later promoted to lieutenant there. That same year, the father had become Swedish envoy in Berlin and the son now attended the Prussian Staff College there from 1875 to 1878. After returning home, in 1880 he was transferred to the General Staff, where he became captain in 1883.Since 1883 <mask> belonged to the then Crown Prince Gustaf's staff, for whom he was the chief for a number of years. In 1883 he also was appointed to be a teacher at the Royal Swedish Army Staff College and remained on this post until he, in 1890, advanced to ryttmästare in the Life Regiment Dragoons. In 1891, <mask> was promoted to major in the General Staff was appointed head of its Communications Department. <mask> was then vice chief of the Military Office of the Ministry of Land Defence from 1892 to 1893. He was moved in 1893 as lieutenant colonel and first major to Småland Hussar Regiment (Smålands husarregemente), where in 1896 he became colonel and regimental commander. He was also head of the Crown Prince's staff from 1896. In 1899, <mask> was elected by Norrbotten County County Council to the Första kammaren, of which he for three years (1900-1902) was a member of the Committee on the State (Statsutskottet).<mask> was also a member of the 1907 Special Defense Committee, within which he put in an extremely successful and appreciated work, although he was eventually forced to see a reconciliation proposal adopted, for which he did not consider himself able to give his vote. In the Rikdag the following years, he belonged to those who were eager to urgently deliver on the promise of suffrage extension as a complement to conscription extension, and declared his adherence to the Committee on the Constitution's compromise proposal rather than giving in to the uncertain path of a proportionalist parliamentary memorandum. <mask> was also a member of several committees; the Committee on Sweden's Permanent Defense (Kommittén angående Sveriges fasta försvar) 1897-1898, in the Committee on Field Service Regulations for the Army (Kommittén angående fälttjänstreglemente för armén) in 1899, in the Coastal Artillery Committee (Kustartillerikommittén) in 1899-1900 and in the War Legislative Committee (Krigslagstiftningskommittén) from 1901. He was also a member of the Committee on the State from 1900 to 1902 and in Special Committee (Särskilt utskott) in 1901. After 1902 having been transported back to the Life Regiment Dragoons as colonel and executive officer (sekundchef), he was promoted to major general in 1904 and appointed Quartermaster-General of the Swedish Army and commanding officer of the Royal Swedish Army Materiel Administration's Quartermaster Department and of the Swedish Army Quartermaster Corps, and appointed the following year to Chief of the General Staff. In 1910, <mask> was promoted to lieutenant general. Bildt's activities in the General Staff, he had presented in Härordningslärans grunddrag : härordningen i allmänhet (1885), which can be said to be an overview of the basic principles of contemporary German war science.<mask>'s ideal was an army order with a permanent peace organization of permanent troop units, which during war outbreaks without changeover could occupy the conscripts. As Chief of the General Staff, <mask> carried out a complete reorganization of the same. Innovation was his business even for the organization of war preparations. In the tactics, Bildt sought to adapt modern views to the country's special conditions, for example through in-depth trials with winter warfare in northern Sweden's mountain and forest terrain, coastal and border defense, operations in the dark, exercises in long-term war and heavy artillery use in mobile warfare, as well as several technical news. <mask>'s strong interest in the theory of war was manifested in the General Staff, including when he dedicated to the War History Department the study of Charles XII's war. The result was the famous work Karl XII på slagfältet (1918-1919). Later he published Härordningsfrågor (1922), in which he summed up the teachings of the World War I.In many ways he showed himself there on the position he had taken because of his early studies in Germany. For the value of news, such as the tank weapon and the air force, he did not show a particularly distinct mind. Personal life In 1883, Bildt married the maid of honour of the Crown Princess, Baroness Helene Åkerhielm af Blombacka, the daughter of captain, Baron Oscar Åkerhielm and Baroness Fredrique Åkerhielm. In the marriage, Colonel Nils <mask>, who became the grandfather of <mask>, Prime Minister of Sweden 1991-1994, was born.

General <mask> was a Swedish Army officer and politician. The Chief of the General Staff and Quartermaster-General of the Swedish Army are his senior commands. The Protectionist Party had a member in parliament for eight years. The younger son of the then major, later the Governor of Stockholm and the Prime Minister of Sweden, <mask>, was born on 13 July 1854 in Stockholm, Sweden. After completing the cadet course at the Military Academy Karlberg in 1869-71, he was commissioned as an underljtnant and three years later was promoted to lieutenant. The father became a Swedish envoy in Berlin and the son went to the staff college there. He became captain in 1884 after being transferred from the General Staff.For a number of years, <mask> was the chief of the Crown Prince's staff. He was a teacher at the Royal Swedish Army Staff College until 1890, when he was promoted to ryttmstare. The Communications Department head was promoted to major in the General Staff. The Military Office of the Ministry of Land Defence was headed by <mask>. He became the first major and colonel of the Smland Hussar Regiment in 1896. From 1896 to 1896, he was the head of the Crown Prince's staff. In 1899, he was elected by Norrbotten County Council to the Frsta kammaren and for three years was a member of the Committee on the State.While he was a member of the 1907 Special Defense Committee, he was forced to vote against a reconciliation proposal for which he did not consider himself able to give his vote. In the Rikdag the following years, he belonged to those who were eager to deliver on the promise of suffrage extension as a complement to conscription extension, and declared his adherence to the Committee on the Constitution's compromise proposal rather than giving in to the uncertain path of a proportionalist parliamentary memorandum The Committee on Sweden's Permanent Defense was one of the committees that <mask> was a member of. He was a member of the Committee on the State from 1900 to 1901. He was promoted to major general in 1904 and became the Quartermaster-General of the Swedish Army and the commanding officer of the Royal Swedish Army. In 1910, he was promoted to lieutenant general. In Hrordningslrans grunddrag, he presented an overview of the basic principles of contemporary German war.The ideal army order would have a permanent peace organization of permanent troop units that could occupy the conscripts during war. The Chief of the General Staff carried out a reorganization. For the organization of war preparations, innovation was his business. In the tactics, Bildt sought to adapt modern views to the country's special conditions, for example through in-depth trials with winter warfare in northern Sweden's mountain and forest terrain. The study of Charles XII's war was dedicated to the War History Department by <mask> in the General Staff. Karl XII pfltet was a famous work. Hrordningsfrgor summed up the teachings of the World War I.He was able to show himself on the position he had taken because of his early studies in Germany. He didn't show a particularly distinct mind for the value of news, such as the air force and the tank weapon. The maid of honour of the Crown Princess was married to <mask>. The grandfather of the Prime Minister of Sweden was born in the marriage.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudi%20Pauwels

Rudi Pauwels

Rudi baron Pauwels (born 1960) is a Belgian pharmacologist and biotech entrepreneur. He studied pharmaceutical sciences at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Belgium. As one of the first researchers in the field of HIV, he played a key role in the fight against the AIDS pandemic by discovering several widely used anti-HIV drugs during his doctorate studies at the Rega Institute (Leuven, Belgium) and while leading biotech companies Tibotec and Virco. During the past three decades he has (co-)founded several biotech companies, marking an era of more personalized and high precision medicine. His current roles include founder and president of the Praesens Foundation, chairman of Praesens Care, executive chairman of IMEC/Johns Hopkins spin-off company miDiagnostics and board positions in various companies and research institutes. He is an author of more than 150 peer-reviewed papers and recipient of numerous awards and distinctions. In 2020 he was appointed as co-chair of the Diagnostics R&D Working Group of the Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator. Education and early research Rudi Pauwels graduated as a pharmacist from the KU Leuven, Belgium, in 1983. Within a year after the discovery of HIV, the viral pathogen that causes AIDS, Pauwels worked on the topic while still a doctorate student. In 1984, in the laboratory of Professor Erik De Clercq at the Rega Institute (University of Leuven, Belgium), he started to develop the first laboratory models in search of new anti-HIV compounds. The methods he published were widely used by fellow scientists that joined the search for new anti-AIDS (HIV) treatments. In 1987, he obtained a research fellowship of the Janssen Research Foundation, which started a long-standing collaboration and close friendship with the late Dr. Paul Janssen, founder of Janssen Pharmaceuticals. Janssen became a mentor and would influence his pharmaceutical work. In 1990, the Janssen-funded collaboration of his small team at the Rega Institute would lead to the discovery of the first non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). It was also Janssen who would introduce him to Dr. Paul Stoffels, with whom he would collaborate at Tibotec, Virco and Johnson & Johnson. Pauwels obtained his Ph.D. in pharmaceutical sciences from the KU Leuven in 1990 with greatest distinction (maxima cum laude), with De Clercq and Janssen as his promotors. His thesis was entitled "Development of new agents against the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)". Career Tibotec, Virco and Johnson & Johnson A few years after obtaining his Ph.D. and leading a small group of researchers at the Rega Institute, Pauwels began to work on the problem of HIV drug resistance. In 1994 he founded the anti-HIV drug discovery company Tibotec together with his wife, pharmacist Carine Claeys. A year later they founded, together with Paul Stoffels, the diagnostics company Virco, that would develop HIV-treatment diagnostic services that would help physicians select the optimal therapy for their patients (e.g. Antivirogram). Tibotec-Virco was acquired by Johnson & Johnson in 2002, after which Pauwels became vice-president of Johnson & Johnson's global anti-infectives drug discovery group, focusing on HCV and respiratory diseases. Here, he worked on drugs and diagnostics for respiratory diseases. In the middle of the SARS crisis in 2003, he started a project to develop an anti-SARS drug discovery system that 17 years later is used as the basis for ongoing efforts to find inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2. This effort, involving a number of pharmaceutical companies, occurs at the Rega Institute, continuing the work based on his original large-scale anti-HIV drug screening and recently received funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The work of Pauwels and his colleagues resulted in several drugs that were successfully introduced for modern antiviral AIDS therapies. They include next generation anti-HIV compounds by Tibotec/Johnson & Johnson,  Prezista, Intelence and Edurant, as well as the direct precursor to Gilead Sciences' Viread. These drugs, together with the diagnostic technologies by Virco, have helped to turn AIDS into the chronic, manageable disease it is today, for those who have access to the medicines. The drugs have also generated several billion dollar revenues yearly, providing returns for investors and shareholders and helping to finance the R&D for the treatment of important diseases. In 1999 Pauwels was one of the driving forces behind the creation of the Tibotec spin-out Galapagos Genomics, that would combine functional genomic technologies from Tibotec and Crucell, a Dutch-based biotech company. Biocartis In early 2000, it became clear to Pauwels that the future of medicine was increasingly depending on our molecular insights of disease. New generations of drugs would target the underlying molecular dysfunctional processes. It meant that measuring relevant biomarkers would become even more essential. But experiences from the global AIDS crisis and Virco in particular, taught him that the operational model of sending samples from patients to central laboratories was time-consuming and wasteful. It appeared that his approach did not scale easily around the world. Ideally, the lab functionality needed to come (in miniaturized format) to patients and their direct environment, not the other way around. During his Ph.D. studies, he broadened his interests beyond virology into software programming and robotics. Realizing the need for better, scalable diagnostics at the point of need, he decided in 2004 to go on a thre-year sabbatical at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology-EPFL in Lausanne (Switzerland), one of the leading research centres in micro- and nano-technology. In 2007 he created Biocartis, a molecular diagnostics company that would develop and commercialize the Idylla platform, a fully integrated and automated sample-to-molecular diagnostic (PCR) result solution. The company grew rapidly and was taken public. The company had a very attractive offering in precision diagnostics for cancer therapies, but there was ultimately no broader support for his expansion plans into infectious diseases. After leading the company for a decade, he decided in 2017 to further pursue his interests in infectious diseases. Praesens Foundation During the Ebola outbreak in 2014 and 2015, and after spending the better part of his life in laboratories, Pauwels wanted to observe first hand how the world was dealing with outbreaks of that scale. He saw the need for rapid, accurate and easy-to-use diagnostics close to the affected communities. Inspired by this experience in West Africa, in 2016 he created the Praesens Fund under the Belgian King Baudouin Foundation. The name is related to the Latin word praesens, meaning 'being here now, making an impact'. With the help of a series of early believers – among which passionate collaborators, sponsors and technology providers – the initial sketch of a first-generation mobile lab was soon made a reality. As the project entered the next stage in 2017, Pauwels created the Praesens Foundation, co-directed by Professor Peter Piot. It is developing, providing and implementing solutions that contribute to better epidemic preparedness, early warning and rapid response for existing and emerging infectious disease threats. In 2017 and 2018, an initial pilot study led by the Praesens Foundation deployed the first all-terrain Mobile Biosafety Laboratory for infectious disease testing across Senegal. It offers rapid deployment, connectivity and technology for effective field diagnostics, reducing turn-around time and improving case management. This has potential to improve epidemic preparedness and contribute to disease intelligence. The latest initiative is Praesens Care. Through this venture it intends to expand geographically and functionally. Praesens Care offers "lab as a service" (LAAS). Praesens Care offers mobile biosafety laboratories in a regional hub approach to countries and partners to reinforce their healthcare delivery system, with integrated diagnostic services (multi-disease testing and real-time reporting), primary healthcare and community engagement. It offers an outreach capacity to provide medical (e.g. diagnostics, therapies, vaccination) and non-medical (health promotion, social mobilization) services at the peripheral level of the health system, as close as possible to the communities. miDiagnostics In 2018 Pauwels was appointed executive chairman of miDiagnostics, a large life science spin-off company of IMEC and Johns Hopkins University. IMEC is a nano-electronics R&D hub with more than 4,000 engineers and scientists headquartered in Leuven, Belgium. Based on nearly a decade of IMEC research on nano-fluidics and silicon-based nanostructures, miDiagnostics is developing a next generation diagnostic platform with broad in vitro diagnostics applications, particular in the point of care area. It is developing a series of new nanofluidic silicon processors that are embedded in test cards – about the size of a credit card – and that are inserted in a compact reader. Investment experience In 2007 Pauwels joined Advent Partners, a venture capital firm in London. He assisted Advent in reviewing investment opportunities and supported several portfolio companies. He was involved in the formation of Respivert Ltd., where he acted as chairman of the board. Respivert was a molecule drug discovery company working towards the identification of new treatments for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respivert was acquired by Johnson & Johnson in 2010. Other professional roles 2020–present: Co-chair of the Diagnostics R&D Working Group of the Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator 2008-2018: Member of the Scientific Advisory Board of IMEC in Leuven, Belgium 2015-2019: Member of the Advisory Board of A*STAR's Accelerate, a division of the Singapore Agency for Science, Technology and Research 2014-2015: Board member of MDx Health 2014-2015: Board member of MyCartis NV, a spin-off of Biocartis 2011-2012: Board member of Flanders Bio, Belgium 2009-2013: Member of the Advisory Board of A*STAR Explorative Therapeutics Centre, Singapore 1995-2003: Lecturer at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium 1999-2002: Member of the Board of Directors of the Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium 1985: Research project at Smith-Kline RIT (now GSK), Genval, Belgium. Awards and recognition 2019: Prix Galien MedStartUp Award for the consortium constituted by the Praesens Foundation, Institut Pasteur, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, University of Nebraska Medical Center and Twist Bioscience. 2016: Commandeur in de Leopoldsorde by King Philippe of Belgium. 2016: Honorary speaker received at the Distinguished Technopreneur Speaker Forum in Singapore. 2016: Golden Honorary Award for Research & Development, Flemish Parliament. 2015: First Alumnus of the Year, FarmaLeuven, KU Leuven, Belgium. 2013: Honorary Doctorate Degree, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ghent, Belgium. 2013: Officer in the Order of the Crown (Officier in de Kroonorde) by King Albert II of Belgium. 2012: Global Technology Pioneer Award, World Economic Forum, Davos, Switzerland. 2010: BioAlps Award, Geneva, Switzerland. 2002: INSEAD Innovator Price, Brussels, Belgium. 1998: Deloitte & Touch Finalist of European Small Business Person of the Year Award, Vienna, Austria. 1996: AIDS-Forschungspreis der Deutsche Gesellschaft für Infektiologie e.V., Germany. 1991: Price of the Academy of Medicine of Belgium, Vierde Afdeling, Brussels, Belgium. 1988: Prix Franz Leemans, KU Leuven, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium. Selected publications Pauwels is an author or co-author of more than 150 papers in peer-reviewed journals. A selected list is shown below by topic. Development of the first anti-HIV drug discovery lab models: Sensitive and rapid assay on MT-4 cells for detection of antiviral compounds against the AIDS virus. Rapid and automated tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay for the detection of anti-HIV compounds. First paper on the discovery of the anti-HIV activity of a new class of inhibitors that laid the foundation for the anti-HIV drug portfolio of Gilead Sciences: Phosphonylmethoxyethyl purine derivatives, a new class of anti-human immunodeficiency virus agents. First papers on the discovery of a new category of inhibitors of HIV: Potent and selective inhibition of HIV-1 replication in vitro by a novel series of TIBO derivatives. Potent and highly selective HIV-1 specific inhibition by a new series of α-anilino-phenylacetamide (α-APA) derivatives targeted at HIV-1 RT. New non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) in development for the treatment of HIV infections. Discovery of TIBO, a new family of HIV-1 specific reverse transcriptase inhibitors. New diagnostic methods to detect drug resistance in HIV-infected patients: A rapid method for simultaneous detection of phenotypic resistance to inhibitors of protease and reverse transcriptase in recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates from patients treated with antiretroviral drugs. Description of the now leading HIV protease inhibitor Prezista: TMC114, a novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitor active against protease inhibitor- resistant viruses, including a broad range of clinical isolates. Discovery and selection of TMC114, a next generation HIV-1 protease inhibitor. Development of drug Discovery method for SARS and now also used for SARS-Cov-2: Development of a homogeneous screening assay for automated detection of antiviral agents active against severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus. Pilot study of a mobile biosafety laboratory in Senegal for disease surveillance and rapid response: Field evaluation of a mobile biosafety laboratory in Senegal to strengthen rapid disease outbreak and monitoring. References External links Biocartis Praesens Foundation Praesens Care miDiagnostics Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator 1960 births Living people Flemish scientists KU Leuven alumni Belgian scientists Belgian pharmacologists Belgian virologists HIV/AIDS researchers

<mask> (born 1960) is a Belgian pharmacologist and biotech entrepreneur. He studied pharmaceutical sciences at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Belgium. As one of the first researchers in the field of HIV, he played a key role in the fight against the AIDS pandemic by discovering several widely used anti-HIV drugs during his doctorate studies at the Rega Institute (Leuven, Belgium) and while leading biotech companies Tibotec and Virco. During the past three decades he has (co-)founded several biotech companies, marking an era of more personalized and high precision medicine. His current roles include founder and president of the Praesens Foundation, chairman of Praesens Care, executive chairman of IMEC/Johns Hopkins spin-off company miDiagnostics and board positions in various companies and research institutes. He is an author of more than 150 peer-reviewed papers and recipient of numerous awards and distinctions. In 2020 he was appointed as co-chair of the Diagnostics R&D Working Group of the Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator.Education and early research <mask> <mask> graduated as a pharmacist from the KU Leuven, Belgium, in 1983. Within a year after the discovery of HIV, the viral pathogen that causes AIDS, Pauwels worked on the topic while still a doctorate student. In 1984, in the laboratory of Professor Erik De Clercq at the Rega Institute (University of Leuven, Belgium), he started to develop the first laboratory models in search of new anti-HIV compounds. The methods he published were widely used by fellow scientists that joined the search for new anti-AIDS (HIV) treatments. In 1987, he obtained a research fellowship of the Janssen Research Foundation, which started a long-standing collaboration and close friendship with the late Dr. Paul Janssen, founder of Janssen Pharmaceuticals. Janssen became a mentor and would influence his pharmaceutical work. In 1990, the Janssen-funded collaboration of his small team at the Rega Institute would lead to the discovery of the first non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI).It was also Janssen who would introduce him to Dr. Paul Stoffels, with whom he would collaborate at Tibotec, Virco and Johnson & Johnson. Pauwels obtained his Ph.D. in pharmaceutical sciences from the KU Leuven in 1990 with greatest distinction (maxima cum laude), with De Clercq and Janssen as his promotors. His thesis was entitled "Development of new agents against the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)". Career Tibotec, Virco and Johnson & Johnson A few years after obtaining his Ph.D. and leading a small group of researchers at the Rega Institute, Pauwels began to work on the problem of HIV drug resistance. In 1994 he founded the anti-HIV drug discovery company Tibotec together with his wife, pharmacist Carine Claeys. A year later they founded, together with Paul Stoffels, the diagnostics company Virco, that would develop HIV-treatment diagnostic services that would help physicians select the optimal therapy for their patients (e.g. Antivirogram).Tibotec-Virco was acquired by Johnson & Johnson in 2002, after which Pauwels became vice-president of Johnson & Johnson's global anti-infectives drug discovery group, focusing on HCV and respiratory diseases. Here, he worked on drugs and diagnostics for respiratory diseases. In the middle of the SARS crisis in 2003, he started a project to develop an anti-SARS drug discovery system that 17 years later is used as the basis for ongoing efforts to find inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2. This effort, involving a number of pharmaceutical companies, occurs at the Rega Institute, continuing the work based on his original large-scale anti-HIV drug screening and recently received funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The work of Pauwels and his colleagues resulted in several drugs that were successfully introduced for modern antiviral AIDS therapies. They include next generation anti-HIV compounds by Tibotec/Johnson & Johnson,  Prezista, Intelence and Edurant, as well as the direct precursor to Gilead Sciences' Viread. These drugs, together with the diagnostic technologies by Virco, have helped to turn AIDS into the chronic, manageable disease it is today, for those who have access to the medicines.The drugs have also generated several billion dollar revenues yearly, providing returns for investors and shareholders and helping to finance the R&D for the treatment of important diseases. In 1999 Pauwels was one of the driving forces behind the creation of the Tibotec spin-out Galapagos Genomics, that would combine functional genomic technologies from Tibotec and Crucell, a Dutch-based biotech company. Biocartis In early 2000, it became clear to Pauwels that the future of medicine was increasingly depending on our molecular insights of disease. New generations of drugs would target the underlying molecular dysfunctional processes. It meant that measuring relevant biomarkers would become even more essential. But experiences from the global AIDS crisis and Virco in particular, taught him that the operational model of sending samples from patients to central laboratories was time-consuming and wasteful. It appeared that his approach did not scale easily around the world.Ideally, the lab functionality needed to come (in miniaturized format) to patients and their direct environment, not the other way around. During his Ph.D. studies, he broadened his interests beyond virology into software programming and robotics. Realizing the need for better, scalable diagnostics at the point of need, he decided in 2004 to go on a thre-year sabbatical at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology-EPFL in Lausanne (Switzerland), one of the leading research centres in micro- and nano-technology. In 2007 he created Biocartis, a molecular diagnostics company that would develop and commercialize the Idylla platform, a fully integrated and automated sample-to-molecular diagnostic (PCR) result solution. The company grew rapidly and was taken public. The company had a very attractive offering in precision diagnostics for cancer therapies, but there was ultimately no broader support for his expansion plans into infectious diseases. After leading the company for a decade, he decided in 2017 to further pursue his interests in infectious diseases.Praesens Foundation During the Ebola outbreak in 2014 and 2015, and after spending the better part of his life in laboratories, Pauwels wanted to observe first hand how the world was dealing with outbreaks of that scale. He saw the need for rapid, accurate and easy-to-use diagnostics close to the affected communities. Inspired by this experience in West Africa, in 2016 he created the Praesens Fund under the Belgian King Baudouin Foundation. The name is related to the Latin word praesens, meaning 'being here now, making an impact'. With the help of a series of early believers – among which passionate collaborators, sponsors and technology providers – the initial sketch of a first-generation mobile lab was soon made a reality. As the project entered the next stage in 2017, Pauwels created the Praesens Foundation, co-directed by Professor Peter Piot. It is developing, providing and implementing solutions that contribute to better epidemic preparedness, early warning and rapid response for existing and emerging infectious disease threats.In 2017 and 2018, an initial pilot study led by the Praesens Foundation deployed the first all-terrain Mobile Biosafety Laboratory for infectious disease testing across Senegal. It offers rapid deployment, connectivity and technology for effective field diagnostics, reducing turn-around time and improving case management. This has potential to improve epidemic preparedness and contribute to disease intelligence. The latest initiative is Praesens Care. Through this venture it intends to expand geographically and functionally. Praesens Care offers "lab as a service" (LAAS). Praesens Care offers mobile biosafety laboratories in a regional hub approach to countries and partners to reinforce their healthcare delivery system, with integrated diagnostic services (multi-disease testing and real-time reporting), primary healthcare and community engagement.It offers an outreach capacity to provide medical (e.g. diagnostics, therapies, vaccination) and non-medical (health promotion, social mobilization) services at the peripheral level of the health system, as close as possible to the communities. miDiagnostics In 2018 Pauwels was appointed executive chairman of miDiagnostics, a large life science spin-off company of IMEC and Johns Hopkins University. IMEC is a nano-electronics R&D hub with more than 4,000 engineers and scientists headquartered in Leuven, Belgium. Based on nearly a decade of IMEC research on nano-fluidics and silicon-based nanostructures, miDiagnostics is developing a next generation diagnostic platform with broad in vitro diagnostics applications, particular in the point of care area. It is developing a series of new nanofluidic silicon processors that are embedded in test cards – about the size of a credit card – and that are inserted in a compact reader. Investment experience In 2007 Pauwels joined Advent Partners, a venture capital firm in London.He assisted Advent in reviewing investment opportunities and supported several portfolio companies. He was involved in the formation of Respivert Ltd., where he acted as chairman of the board. Respivert was a molecule drug discovery company working towards the identification of new treatments for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respivert was acquired by Johnson & Johnson in 2010. Other professional roles 2020–present: Co-chair of the Diagnostics R&D Working Group of the Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator 2008-2018: Member of the Scientific Advisory Board of IMEC in Leuven, Belgium 2015-2019: Member of the Advisory Board of A*STAR's Accelerate, a division of the Singapore Agency for Science, Technology and Research 2014-2015: Board member of MDx Health 2014-2015: Board member of MyCartis NV, a spin-off of Biocartis 2011-2012: Board member of Flanders Bio, Belgium 2009-2013: Member of the Advisory Board of A*STAR Explorative Therapeutics Centre, Singapore 1995-2003: Lecturer at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium 1999-2002: Member of the Board of Directors of the Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium 1985: Research project at Smith-Kline RIT (now GSK), Genval, Belgium. Awards and recognition 2019: Prix Galien MedStartUp Award for the consortium constituted by the Praesens Foundation, Institut Pasteur, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, University of Nebraska Medical Center and Twist Bioscience. 2016: Commandeur in de Leopoldsorde by King Philippe of Belgium.2016: Honorary speaker received at the Distinguished Technopreneur Speaker Forum in Singapore. 2016: Golden Honorary Award for Research & Development, Flemish Parliament. 2015: First Alumnus of the Year, FarmaLeuven, KU Leuven, Belgium. 2013: Honorary Doctorate Degree, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ghent, Belgium. 2013: Officer in the Order of the Crown (Officier in de Kroonorde) by King Albert II of Belgium. 2012: Global Technology Pioneer Award, World Economic Forum, Davos, Switzerland. 2010: BioAlps Award, Geneva, Switzerland.2002: INSEAD Innovator Price, Brussels, Belgium. 1998: Deloitte & Touch Finalist of European Small Business Person of the Year Award, Vienna, Austria. 1996: AIDS-Forschungspreis der Deutsche Gesellschaft für Infektiologie e.V., Germany. 1991: Price of the Academy of Medicine of Belgium, Vierde Afdeling, Brussels, Belgium. 1988: Prix Franz Leemans, KU Leuven, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium. Selected publications Pauwels is an author or co-author of more than 150 papers in peer-reviewed journals. A selected list is shown below by topic.Development of the first anti-HIV drug discovery lab models: Sensitive and rapid assay on MT-4 cells for detection of antiviral compounds against the AIDS virus. Rapid and automated tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay for the detection of anti-HIV compounds. First paper on the discovery of the anti-HIV activity of a new class of inhibitors that laid the foundation for the anti-HIV drug portfolio of Gilead Sciences: Phosphonylmethoxyethyl purine derivatives, a new class of anti-human immunodeficiency virus agents. First papers on the discovery of a new category of inhibitors of HIV: Potent and selective inhibition of HIV-1 replication in vitro by a novel series of TIBO derivatives. Potent and highly selective HIV-1 specific inhibition by a new series of α-anilino-phenylacetamide (α-APA) derivatives targeted at HIV-1 RT. New non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) in development for the treatment of HIV infections. Discovery of TIBO, a new family of HIV-1 specific reverse transcriptase inhibitors.New diagnostic methods to detect drug resistance in HIV-infected patients: A rapid method for simultaneous detection of phenotypic resistance to inhibitors of protease and reverse transcriptase in recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates from patients treated with antiretroviral drugs. Description of the now leading HIV protease inhibitor Prezista: TMC114, a novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitor active against protease inhibitor- resistant viruses, including a broad range of clinical isolates. Discovery and selection of TMC114, a next generation HIV-1 protease inhibitor. Development of drug Discovery method for SARS and now also used for SARS-Cov-2: Development of a homogeneous screening assay for automated detection of antiviral agents active against severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus. Pilot study of a mobile biosafety laboratory in Senegal for disease surveillance and rapid response: Field evaluation of a mobile biosafety laboratory in Senegal to strengthen rapid disease outbreak and monitoring. References External links Biocartis Praesens Foundation Praesens Care miDiagnostics Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator 1960 births Living people Flemish scientists KU Leuven alumni Belgian scientists Belgian pharmacologists Belgian virologists HIV/AIDS researchers

<mask> was born in 1960. He studied pharmaceutical sciences at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. He was one of the first researchers in the field of HIV and discovered several widely used anti-HIV drugs during his PhD studies at the Rega Institute. An era of more personalized and high precision medicine has been marked by his co-founding several biotech companies. His current roles include founder and president of the Praesens Foundation, chairman of Praesens Care, executive chairman of IMEC/JohnsHopkins spin-off company, and board positions in various companies and research institutes. He has received numerous awards and distinctions, including being an author of more than 150 peer-reviewed papers. He was appointed as co-chair of the Diagnostics R&D Working Group in 2020.In 1983, Pauwels graduated from the University of Leuven, Belgium, with a degree in pharmacy. After the discovery of HIV, Pauwels worked on the topic while still a PhD student. The first laboratory models in search of new anti-HIV compounds were developed in Professor De Clercq's laboratory in 1984. The methods he published were widely used by other scientists. He obtained a research fellowship in 1987, which led to a long-standing collaboration and friendship with the founder of Janssen Pharmaceuticals. He would influence his pharmaceutical work as a mentor. The first non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) was discovered in 1990 thanks to the collaboration of his small team at the Rega Institute.He would work with Dr. Paul Stoffels at Johnson & Johnson. In 1990 Pauwels obtained his PhD in pharmaceutical sciences from the KU Leuven, with De Clercq and Janssen as his promotors. His thesis was about the development of new agents against HIV. A few years after obtaining his PhD, Pauwels began to work on the problem of HIV drug resistance. He founded the anti-HIV drug discovery company with his wife. The HIV-treatment diagnostic services that would help physicians select the optimal therapy for their patients were founded a year later. There is an antivirogram.Pauwels became vice-president of Johnson & Johnson's global anti-infectives drug discovery group after the acquisition of Tibotec-Virco in 2002. He worked on respiratory diseases. 17 years after starting a project to develop an anti-SARS drug discovery system, he is still trying to find a cure for the disease. This effort, involving a number of pharmaceutical companies, occurs at the Rega Institute, continuing the work based on his original large-scale anti-HIV drug screening and recently received funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The work of Pauwels and his colleagues resulted in the introduction of several drugs for the treatment of AIDS. Next generation anti-HIV compounds by Tibotec/Johnson & Johnson, Prezista, Intelence and Edurant are included. These drugs have helped to turn AIDS into a manageable disease for those who have access to the medicines.The drugs have generated several billion dollar revenues each year, providing returns for investors and shareholders, and helping to finance the R&D for the treatment of important diseases. In 1999 Pauwels was one of the driving forces behind the creation of the Tibotec spin-out. In 2000 it became clear to Pauwels that the future of medicine was dependent on our genes. New generations of drugs would target the underlying processes. It meant that measuring relevant biomarkers would become even more important. He learned that the operational model of sending samples from patients to central laboratories was time consuming and wasteful. His approach was not easy to scale around the world.The lab needs to come to patients and their environment, not the other way around. He was interested in software programming and robotics during his PhD studies. He decided in 2004 to take a sabbatical at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology-EPFL in Lausanne, one of the leading research centers in micro- and nano-technology. In 2007, he created Biocartis, a company that would develop and sell the Idylla platform, a fully integrated and automated sample-to-molecular diagnostic (PCR) result solution. The company was taken public. There was no broader support for his expansion plans into infectious diseases because the company had a very attractive offering in precision diagnostics for cancer therapies. He decided to pursue his interests in infectious diseases after leading the company for a decade.After spending the better part of his life in laboratories, Pauwels wanted to observe how the world was dealing with epidemics of that scale. There was a need for quick, accurate and easy-to-use diagnostics close to the affected communities. In 2016 he created the Praesens Fund under the Belgian King Baudouin Foundation. The Latin word for 'being here now, making an impact' is related to the name. The initial sketch of a first-generation mobile lab was made a reality with the help of a group of early believers. The Praesens Foundation was created by Pauwels as the project entered the next stage. It is developing, providing and implementing solutions that contribute to better epidemic preparedness, early warning and rapid response for existing and emerging infectious disease threats.The first all-terrain Mobile Biosafety Laboratory for infectious disease testing was deployed in the initial pilot study. It offers rapid deployment and technology for field diagnostics, as well as reducing turn-around time and improving case management. This could improve epidemic preparedness and contribute to disease intelligence. Praesens Care is the latest initiative. It intends to expand geographically and functionally through this venture. "lab as a service" is offered by Praesens Care. Praesens Care offers mobile biosafety laboratories in a regional hub approach to countries and partners to reinforce their healthcare delivery system, with integrated diagnostic services (multi-disease testing and real-time reporting), primary healthcare and community engagement.It has the capacity to provide medical. Services at the peripheral level of the health system are close to the communities. Pauwels was appointed executive chairman of miDiagnostics, a large life science spin-off company. More than 4,000 engineers and scientists are based in Leuven, Belgium, at IMEC. A next generation diagnostic platform is being developed by MiDiagnostics based on research done by IMEC over the past decade. There are test cards that are about the size of a credit card that are embedded with the new chips. In 2007, Pauwels joined Advent Partners, a venture capital firm.He supported several portfolio companies. He was the chairman of the board of Respivert. Respivert was a molecule drug discovery company working towards the identification of new treatments for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Johnson & Johnson acquired Respivert in 2010. Member of the Advisory Board of A*STAR's Accelerate and Co-chair of the Diagnostics R&D Working Group. The Prix Galien MedStartUp Award was presented by the Praesens Foundation, the University of Nebraska Medical Center,Institut Pasteur, and Twist Bioscience. The Commandeur in de Leopoldsorde was King Philippe of Belgium.The speaker received an honor at the forum. The Golden Award for Research & Development was given by the Flemish Parliament. The first alumni of the year was FarmaLeuven. The University of Ghent, Belgium, has a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences. King Albert II of Belgium was an officer in the Order of the Crown. The Global Technology Pioneer Award was presented at the World Economic Forum. The BioAlps Award was held in 2010.The INSEAD innovation price was in Belgium in 2002. The European Small Business Person of the Year Award was held in Vienna, Austria. The AIDS-Forschungspreis derDeutsche Gesellschaft fr Infektiologie e.V. is located in Germany. The Academy of Medicine of Belgium has a price. The Prix Franz Leemans was held in 1988. More than 150 papers have been co-authored by <mask> in peer-reviewed journals. Below is a list of topics.The first anti-HIV drug discovery lab models are sensitive and rapid. Anti-HIV compounds can be detected with a rapid and automated colorimetric test. The first paper on the discovery of the anti-HIV activity of a new class of inhibitors that laid the foundation for the anti-HIV drug portfolio of Gilead Sciences: Phosphonylmethoxyethyl purine derivatives, a new class of anti-human immunodeficiency virus agents. There are first papers on the discovery of a new category of inhibitors of HIV. A new series of -anilino-phenylacetamide (-APA) derivatives are targeted at HIV-1 RT. There are new NNRTIs being developed for the treatment of HIV infections. There is a new family of HIV-1 specific reverse transcriptase inhibitors.A rapid method for simultaneous detection of drug resistance in patients with HIV is a new diagnostic method. There is a broad range of clinical isolates and a novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitor active against them. There is a next generation HIV-1 protease inhibitor. The development of a drug discovery method for the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome is also used for the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Cov-2. There is a pilot study of a mobile biosafety laboratory in Senegal to strengthen rapid disease outbreak and monitoring. There are External links to the Biocartis Praesens Foundation.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucius%20Valerius%20Potitus%20%28consul%20392%20BC%29

Lucius Valerius Potitus (consul 392 BC)

Lucius Valerius Potitus ( 414–390 BC) was a five time consular tribune, in 414, 406, 403, 401 and 398, and two times consul, in 393 and 392 BC, of the Roman Republic. Valerius belonged to the Valeria gens, one of the oldest and most prominent patrician gens of the early Republic. Filiations tell us that Valerius father was named Lucius and his grandfather was named Publius. Both are unattested in the consular lists and seems to have held no known political offices. It remains unclear of Valerius relation to his namesake, Lucius Valerius Poplicola Potitus, the consul of 449 BC but Ogilvie, in his reading of Livy, names him as Valerius father. There is a possibility, depending on how one reads the filiations, that the contemporary consular Gaius Valerius Potitus Volusus was his brother. Filiations indicate that Publius Valerius Potitus Poplicola, six time consular tribune, was the son of Valerius. Career Consular tribune (414–398 BC) Valerius first held the imperium in 414 BC as one of four consular tribunes. His colleagues in the office were Gnaeus Cornelius Cossus, Quintus Fabius Vibulanus and Publius Postumius Albinus Regillensis, with the exception of Fabius all consulars were newcomers to the imperium. The consulars fought a successful war against the Aequi which resulted in the capture of Bolae. This newly captured territory came to be a focal point for strife as Marcus Sextius, a tribune of the plebs, proposed an agrarian law to colonize Bolae while blaming the consular Postumius for misconduct. The conflict would culminate in a mutiny among the Roman soldiers stationed at Bolae resulting in the death of both Postumius, the consular, and a Roman quaestor, Publius Sestius. It is unclear what the role of Valerius was during these events. The conflict involving Postumius might be a fabrication added by Livy to improve the narrative. To this narrative Livy also adds an increasing fears among the patricians that a plebeian could be elected as consular tribune which leads to the return of the ordinary consulship for the years 413–409 BC. Valerius could have been one of the unknown censors who completed the lustrum in between 417 and 404 BC as suggested by the classicist Jaakko Suolahti. Suolahti, drawing from the fact that the census described in 403 is numbered lustrum XVI and counting from lustrum X which was held in 459 BC only gives us four pairs of censors (in 443, 435, 430 and 418 BC), thus a missing lustrum XV. Additionally drawing upon a gap in the Fasti Capitolini from 414 to 410 BC the censorship can likely be placed within this timeframe, with Suolahti leaning towards the year 410 BC. Suolahti's main suggestions for these unknown censors are Spurius Nautius Rutilus and Manius Aemilius Mamercinus but adds Valerius as one of the viable options. While Suolahti argues for the existence of these unknown censors and lustrum XV, these possible candidates should be noted, and is noted by the author himself, are simply educated guesses based on the suitability of the candidates to the office and are in the authors words "mere suppositions". Valerius would hold his second term as consular tribune in 406 BC together with three relatives of his former colleagues in 414: Publius Cornelius Rutilus Cossus, Gnaeus Cornelius Cossus and Numerius Fabius Ambustus. The year saw war against the Volsci and the Veii with Valerius commanding the army at Antium. While previous battles had been defensive battles fought close to Algidus this year saw the Romans gaining ground against the Volscians. The consulars implemented a new law dictating pay for soldiers pushing Rome towards a professionalized army. Diodorus in his account of this year omits Gnaeus Cornelius from the college and Livy, while describing the actions of the others, lets Cornelius play a passive part and remaining in Rome, which might indicate the college consisted of only three members, Rutilus, Fabius and Valerius. In 403 BC Valerius held his third consular tribuneship. He shared the office with Manius Aemilius Mamercinus. Appius Claudius Crassus Inregillensis, Marcus Quinctilius Varus. Lucius Julius Iulus and Marcus Furius Fusus. The college, with the exception of Aemilius and Valerius, were all first time consulars. Livy, when writing of this college, incorrectly includes the two censors Marus Furius Camillus and Marus Postumius Albinus Regillensis into the consular college. The year saw the continuation of the war started in 406 against the Veii with all consulars (including Valerius) leading armies against the Veii with the exception of Claudius who remained in Rome. The long years of war and new payments towards the soldiers seems to have strained the economy of Rome and the two censors, Camillus and Postumius imposed new taxes targeting bachelors and orphans. Two years later, in 401 BC, Valerius would again be elected to the role of consular tribune. He shared the office with two former colleagues, Cossus from 406 and Aemilius from 403, and three others, Camillus (the censor from 403), Lucius Julius Iulus (close relative of his former colleague Julius) and Caeso Fabius Ambustus (brother of his former colleague Fabius in 406 BC). The year saw war against the Volsci, Falerii, Veii and the Capena. Valerius held the command in Anxur against the Volscians. Considering that Rome had been defeated in 402 BC at Veii while being led by a young and inexperienced consular college, this college Valerius was part of consisted of exceptionally experienced consulars. Outside of war there was continued civil strife within Rome with a conflict involving three of the plebeian tribunes, Marcus Acutius, Gaius Lacerius and Gnaeus Trebonius, in regards to the Lex Trebonia. Additionally there was legal procedures against two former consulars Lucius Verginius Tricostus Esquilinus and Manius Sergius Fidenas, lead by the other three plebeian tribunes and targeting the consulars for their conduct and defeat against the Veientanes and Faliscans. Eventually the plebeian tribunes united under a proposal of a new agrarian law. Diodorus in his accounts of this year omits Valerius as one of the consulars, but Valerius is confirmed by our other sources. Valerius was elected for a fifth and final term as consular tribune in 398 BC. He shared the office with one former colleague, Camillus, and four others, Marcus Valerius Lactucinus Maximus, Lucius Furius Medullinus (brother of Camillus), Quintus Servilius Fidenas and Quintus Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus. War continued against the Falsci and the Veii with Valerius in command against the Falsci. Valerius fought successfully and ravaged the territory of the Falscians. His colleagues with the exception of Camillus, who remained in Rome, continued the Siege of Veii. A natural phenomena occurred at the Alban lake resulting in an embassy being sent to Delphi to consult the Oracle of Apollo. There is some uncertainty in regards if the Valerius Potitus mentioned among the ambassadors should be identified as Valerius or his close relative Gaius Valerius Potitus Volusus. The other members of the embassy were Gnaeus Cornelius Cossus, Publius Licinius Calvus Esquilinus and a Fabius Ambustus (either Caeso or Numerius), all, with the exception of Licinius, former colleagues of Valerius. The embassy would return in 397 BC. Valerius role as consular tribune is somewhat doubted as Diodorus (similar to 401 BC) omits him from this college and Livys inclusion of Valerius seems like a duplication. Ambassador and Interrex (397–394 BC) In 396 BC Valerius was appointed as Interrex to hold the elections of the consulars. There were two other known interreges, Camillus and Servilius, appointed during this comitia and it is unclear who completed the election. This was the same year as the Siege of Veii was successfully ended. Valerius would again be appointed as an ambassador to Delphi in 394 BC. He together with Lucius Sergius Fidenas and Aulus Manlius Vulso Capitolinus were sent to deliver offerings to Apollo as thanks for the Roman success in the siege of Veii. The embassy was ambushed and captured by Liparean pirates under the command of Timasitheus who in the end set them free to complete their offering to Apollo. There is a possibility that the Lucius Valerius that took part in this embassy was Lucius Valerius Poplicola, both Broughton and Oglivie prefer the elder Valerius. Some ancient sources such as Diodorus, place this embassy in 396 BC in combination with the fall of Veii. Consulships and second term as Interrex (393–391 BC) The following year, in 393 BC, Valerius was elected as consul together with Publius Cornelius Maluginensis but for reasons unknown they never entered office and two new consuls, Lucius Lucretius Tricipitinus Flavus and Servius Sulpicius Camerinus, were elected to replace them. The return of the consulship over the consular tribunes is theorized to be because of the reduced external threat with the defeat of Veii and their allies. Valerius was again elected as consul in 392 BC with Marcus Manlius Capitolinus as his colleague. The year saw war against the Aequi which was successfully conducted by both consuls. Manlius was awarded the minor triumph, ovatio, while Valerius was awarded and celebrated a full triumph. Having concluded the war the consuls abdicated in favor of the return of a college of consular tribunes as a new threat from the Gauls was looming. Valerius was again appointed as one of the Interreges to help complete the comitia for the consular college of 391 BC. His colleagues as interreges were, once again, Camillus and a newcomer Publius Cornelius Scipio. Sack of Rome and third term as Interrex (390–387 BC) The wars of Rome would by 390 BC involve a new enemy from outside the local region. The Celts from the Po Valley under the leadership of Brennus had marched southward and after a failed embassy from Rome decided to invade Roman territory. The Romans were defeated in the Battle of the Allia and Rome itself was now threatened. Camillus, the former colleague of Valerius, was recalled from exile (he had been exiled in 391 BC for his conduct in the aftermath of his triumph and victory against the Veii) and appointed dictator. Camillus appointed Valerius as his magister equitum (co-dictator). Camillus and Valerius succeeded with pushing back the Gauls who had by then captured all of Rome with the exception of the Capitoline. They stayed in office after this victory to stop a proposal of abandoning Rome and for Camillus to celebrate a triumph. There is a possibility that the magister equitum, named as Lucius Valerius by Livy, is not Potitus but rather his relative and contemporary Lucius Valerius Poplicola. Broughton, following Degrassi, considers Potitus the more probable alternative, while Ogilvie prefers either of the candidates but considers the office itself as "unhistorical". Valerius final appearance in our sources is in 387 as Interrex, this time together with Marcus Manlius Capitolinus, his former consular colleague, and Servius Sulpicius Camerinus, the consul who replaced him in 392 BC. Thus, after 27 years and 12 magistracies one of the early Republics most distinguished, and to some degree mysteriously unknown, figures disappear from our records. The literary tradition of the Early Roman Republic This period of the Roman Republic is supported by few and unreliable sources. The ancient historian Livy remains one of the most influentialfor this period but he is more or less a tertiary source and bases most of his writings on the works of previous historians, such as the lost writings of Aelius Tubero, Licinius Macer, Valerius Antias and Fabius Pictor. The Greek historian Diodorus Siculus covers this period in detail in Bibliotheca historica, but the work remains discussed in regards to precedence over the accounts of Livy. A third, equally controversial, source is the Fasti and derivatives of it, such as the Chronograph of 354. Most modern researchers believe that, to a degree, these ancient writings contain truths, even if these occasionally are mere grains of truths, and that they should be treated sceptically and critically. The archaeological evidences generally show a decline in Rome during the days of the young Republic but with an increase in infrastructure and wealth first by the late 4th century BC. Descriptions of the same events usually differing between different authors and inscriptions, which suggests that the sources used by Livy and his contemporaries were in themselves in disagreement. As Livy, Diodorus and the Fasti are in agreement in regards to most of the narratives surrounding Valerius, one should consider this individual of the early Roman Republic to at least have existed and held several if not all of the offices listed above. But, as the classicist Broughton adds, this period in the history of the Republic is filled with interpolations and discrepancies between sources and should be viewed sceptically. References 5th-century BC Romans 4th-century BC Roman consuls Roman consular tribunes Potitus, Lucius consul 362 AUC

<mask> ( 414–390 BC) was a five time consular tribune, in 414, 406, 403, 401 and 398, and two times consul, in 393 and 392 BC, of the Roman Republic. Valerius belonged to the Valeria gens, one of the oldest and most prominent patrician gens of the early Republic. Filiations tell us that <mask> father was named <mask> and his grandfather was named Publius. Both are unattested in the consular lists and seems to have held no known political offices. It remains unclear of Valerius relation to his namesake, <mask>, the consul of 449 BC but Ogilvie, in his reading of Livy, names him as Valerius father. There is a possibility, depending on how one reads the filiations, that the contemporary consular <mask>titus Volusus was his brother. Filiations indicate that Publius <mask>, six time consular tribune, was the son of Valerius.Career Consular tribune (414–398 BC) <mask> first held the imperium in 414 BC as one of four consular tribunes. His colleagues in the office were Gnaeus Cornelius Cossus, Quintus Fabius Vibulanus and Publius Postumius Albinus Regillensis, with the exception of Fabius all consulars were newcomers to the imperium. The consulars fought a successful war against the Aequi which resulted in the capture of Bolae. This newly captured territory came to be a focal point for strife as Marcus Sextius, a tribune of the plebs, proposed an agrarian law to colonize Bolae while blaming the consular Postumius for misconduct. The conflict would culminate in a mutiny among the Roman soldiers stationed at Bolae resulting in the death of both Postumius, the consular, and a Roman quaestor, Publius Sestius. It is unclear what the role of <mask> was during these events. The conflict involving Postumius might be a fabrication added by Livy to improve the narrative.To this narrative Livy also adds an increasing fears among the patricians that a plebeian could be elected as consular tribune which leads to the return of the ordinary consulship for the years 413–409 BC. <mask> could have been one of the unknown censors who completed the lustrum in between 417 and 404 BC as suggested by the classicist Jaakko Suolahti. Suolahti, drawing from the fact that the census described in 403 is numbered lustrum XVI and counting from lustrum X which was held in 459 BC only gives us four pairs of censors (in 443, 435, 430 and 418 BC), thus a missing lustrum XV. Additionally drawing upon a gap in the Fasti Capitolini from 414 to 410 BC the censorship can likely be placed within this timeframe, with Suolahti leaning towards the year 410 BC. Suolahti's main suggestions for these unknown censors are Spurius Nautius Rutilus and Manius Aemilius Mamercinus but adds <mask> as one of the viable options. While Suolahti argues for the existence of these unknown censors and lustrum XV, these possible candidates should be noted, and is noted by the author himself, are simply educated guesses based on the suitability of the candidates to the office and are in the authors words "mere suppositions". <mask> would hold his second term as consular tribune in 406 BC together with three relatives of his former colleagues in 414: Publius Cornelius Rutilus Cossus, Gnaeus Cornelius Cossus and Numerius Fabius Ambustus.The year saw war against the Volsci and the Veii with <mask> commanding the army at Antium. While previous battles had been defensive battles fought close to Algidus this year saw the Romans gaining ground against the Volscians. The consulars implemented a new law dictating pay for soldiers pushing Rome towards a professionalized army. Diodorus in his account of this year omits Gnaeus Cornelius from the college and Livy, while describing the actions of the others, lets Cornelius play a passive part and remaining in Rome, which might indicate the college consisted of only three members, Rutilus, Fabius and <mask>. In 403 BC <mask> held his third consular tribuneship. He shared the office with Manius Aemilius Mamercinus. Appius Claudius Crassus Inregillensis, Marcus Quinctilius Varus.<mask> Iulus and Marcus Furius Fusus. The college, with the exception of Aemilius and <mask>, were all first time consulars. Livy, when writing of this college, incorrectly includes the two censors Marus Furius Camillus and Marus Postumius Albinus Regillensis into the consular college. The year saw the continuation of the war started in 406 against the Veii with all consulars (including <mask>) leading armies against the Veii with the exception of Claudius who remained in Rome. The long years of war and new payments towards the soldiers seems to have strained the economy of Rome and the two censors, Camillus and Postumius imposed new taxes targeting bachelors and orphans. Two years later, in 401 BC, <mask> would again be elected to the role of consular tribune. He shared the office with two former colleagues, Cossus from 406 and Aemilius from 403, and three others, Camillus (the censor from 403), <mask> Iulus (close relative of his former colleague Julius) and Caeso Fabius Ambustus (brother of his former colleague Fabius in 406 BC).The year saw war against the Volsci, Falerii, Veii and the Capena. <mask> held the command in Anxur against the Volscians. Considering that Rome had been defeated in 402 BC at Veii while being led by a young and inexperienced consular college, this college <mask> was part of consisted of exceptionally experienced consulars. Outside of war there was continued civil strife within Rome with a conflict involving three of the plebeian tribunes, Marcus Acutius, Gaius Lacerius and Gnaeus Trebonius, in regards to the Lex Trebonia. Additionally there was legal procedures against two former consulars <mask> Tricostus Esquilinus and Manius Sergius Fidenas, lead by the other three plebeian tribunes and targeting the consulars for their conduct and defeat against the Veientanes and Faliscans. Eventually the plebeian tribunes united under a proposal of a new agrarian law. Diodorus in his accounts of this year omits <mask> as one of the consulars, but Valerius is confirmed by our other sources.<mask> was elected for a fifth and final term as consular tribune in 398 BC. He shared the office with one former colleague, Camillus, and four others, <mask> Lactucinus Maximus, <mask> Medullinus (brother of Camillus), Quintus Servilius Fidenas and Quintus Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus. War continued against the Falsci and the Veii with <mask> in command against the Falsci. <mask> fought successfully and ravaged the territory of the Falscians. His colleagues with the exception of Camillus, who remained in Rome, continued the Siege of Veii. A natural phenomena occurred at the Alban lake resulting in an embassy being sent to Delphi to consult the Oracle of Apollo. There is some uncertainty in regards if the <mask> Potitus mentioned among the ambassadors should be identified as <mask> or his close relative <mask> Potitus Volusus.The other members of the embassy were Gnaeus Cornelius Cossus, Publius Licinius Calvus Esquilinus and a Fabius Ambustus (either Caeso or Numerius), all, with the exception of Licinius, former colleagues of <mask>. The embassy would return in 397 BC. <mask> role as consular tribune is somewhat doubted as Diodorus (similar to 401 BC) omits him from this college and Livys inclusion of <mask> seems like a duplication. Ambassador and Interrex (397–394 BC) In 396 BC <mask> was appointed as Interrex to hold the elections of the consulars. There were two other known interreges, Camillus and Servilius, appointed during this comitia and it is unclear who completed the election. This was the same year as the Siege of Veii was successfully ended. <mask> would again be appointed as an ambassador to Delphi in 394 BC.He together with <mask> Fidenas and Aulus Manlius Vulso Capitolinus were sent to deliver offerings to Apollo as thanks for the Roman success in the siege of Veii. The embassy was ambushed and captured by Liparean pirates under the command of Timasitheus who in the end set them free to complete their offering to Apollo. There is a possibility that the <mask> that took part in this embassy was <mask> Poplicola, both Broughton and Oglivie prefer the elder <mask>. Some ancient sources such as Diodorus, place this embassy in 396 BC in combination with the fall of Veii. Consulships and second term as Interrex (393–391 BC) The following year, in 393 BC, <mask> was elected as consul together with Publius Cornelius Maluginensis but for reasons unknown they never entered office and two new consuls, <mask> Tricipitinus Flavus and Servius Sulpicius Camerinus, were elected to replace them. The return of the consulship over the consular tribunes is theorized to be because of the reduced external threat with the defeat of Veii and their allies. <mask> was again elected as consul in 392 BC with Marcus Manlius Capitolinus as his colleague.The year saw war against the Aequi which was successfully conducted by both consuls. Manlius was awarded the minor triumph, ovatio, while <mask> was awarded and celebrated a full triumph. Having concluded the war the consuls abdicated in favor of the return of a college of consular tribunes as a new threat from the Gauls was looming. <mask> was again appointed as one of the Interreges to help complete the comitia for the consular college of 391 BC. His colleagues as interreges were, once again, Camillus and a newcomer Publius Cornelius Scipio. Sack of Rome and third term as Interrex (390–387 BC) The wars of Rome would by 390 BC involve a new enemy from outside the local region. The Celts from the Po Valley under the leadership of Brennus had marched southward and after a failed embassy from Rome decided to invade Roman territory.The Romans were defeated in the Battle of the Allia and Rome itself was now threatened. Camillus, the former colleague of <mask>, was recalled from exile (he had been exiled in 391 BC for his conduct in the aftermath of his triumph and victory against the Veii) and appointed dictator. Camillus appointed <mask> as his magister equitum (co-dictator). Camillus and <mask> succeeded with pushing back the Gauls who had by then captured all of Rome with the exception of the Capitoline. They stayed in office after this victory to stop a proposal of abandoning Rome and for Camillus to celebrate a triumph. There is a possibility that the magister equitum, named as <mask>rius by Livy, is not <mask> but rather his relative and contemporary <mask> Poplicola. Broughton, following Degrassi, considers <mask> the more probable alternative, while Ogilvie prefers either of the candidates but considers the office itself as "unhistorical".Valerius final appearance in our sources is in 387 as Interrex, this time together with Marcus Manlius Capitolinus, his former consular colleague, and Servius Sulpicius Camerinus, the consul who replaced him in 392 BC. Thus, after 27 years and 12 magistracies one of the early Republics most distinguished, and to some degree mysteriously unknown, figures disappear from our records. The literary tradition of the Early Roman Republic This period of the Roman Republic is supported by few and unreliable sources. The ancient historian Livy remains one of the most influentialfor this period but he is more or less a tertiary source and bases most of his writings on the works of previous historians, such as the lost writings of Aelius Tubero, Licinius Macer, <mask> Antias and Fabius Pictor. The Greek historian Diodorus Siculus covers this period in detail in Bibliotheca historica, but the work remains discussed in regards to precedence over the accounts of Livy. A third, equally controversial, source is the Fasti and derivatives of it, such as the Chronograph of 354. Most modern researchers believe that, to a degree, these ancient writings contain truths, even if these occasionally are mere grains of truths, and that they should be treated sceptically and critically.The archaeological evidences generally show a decline in Rome during the days of the young Republic but with an increase in infrastructure and wealth first by the late 4th century BC. Descriptions of the same events usually differing between different authors and inscriptions, which suggests that the sources used by Livy and his contemporaries were in themselves in disagreement. As Livy, Diodorus and the Fasti are in agreement in regards to most of the narratives surrounding <mask>, one should consider this individual of the early Roman Republic to at least have existed and held several if not all of the offices listed above. But, as the classicist Broughton adds, this period in the history of the Republic is filled with interpolations and discrepancies between sources and should be viewed sceptically. References 5th-century BC Romans 4th-century BC Roman consuls Roman consular tribunes Potitus, <mask> consul 362 AUC

<mask> was a five time consular tribune and two times a consul in the Roman Republic. One of the oldest and most prominent patrician Gens of the early Republic was <mask>. According to folklore, Valerius father was named <mask> and his grandfather was named Publius. Both have no known political offices and are unattested in the consular lists. Ogilvie names Valerius father in his reading of Livy, but it's not clear if he's related to his namesake. Depending on how one reads the filiations, there is a chance that the contemporary consular was his brother. Publius <mask>ola was the son of <mask>.<mask> was one of four consular tribunes and held the imperium in 414 BC. Fabius was the only one of his colleagues who had never been to the imperium. The war between the Aequi and the consulars resulted in the capture of Bolae. Marcus Sextius, a tribune of the plebs, proposed an agrarian law to colonize Bolae while blaming the consular Postumius for misdeeds. Postumius, the consular, and Publius Sestius, the Roman quaestor, died as a result of the conflict at Bolae. It's not clear what role <mask> played in these events. Livy may have added a fabrication to improve the narrative.Livy adds an increasing fear among the patricians that a plebeian could be elected as a consular tribune which leads to the return of the ordinary consulship for the years 413–409 BC. Jaakko Suolahti suggested that <mask> could have been one of the unknown censors who finished the lustrum in between 417 and 404 BC. The missing lustrum XV is due to the fact that there were only four pairs of censors for lustrum X, which was held in 459 BC. The gap in the Fasti Capitolini from 414 to 410 BC can be used to place the censorship, with Suolahti leaning towards the year 410 BC. Spurius Nautius Rutilus and Manius Aemilius Mamercinus are two of Suolahti's suggestions for the unknown censors. While Suolahti argues for the existence of these unknown censors and lustrum XV, these possible candidates are simply educated guesses based on the suitability of the candidates to the office and are in the authors words "mere suppositions". <mask> held his second term as consular tribune in 406 BC with three relatives of his former colleagues.<mask> commanded the army at Antium during the war against the Volsci and Veii. The Romans gained ground against the Volscians in this year's battles. A new law dictated pay for soldiers who pushed Rome towards a professionalized army. While describing the actions of the others, Diodorus omitted the college and Livy, which might mean that the college consisted of only three members, Rutilus, Fabius and Vale. <mask> was the third consular tribuneship. Manius Aemilius Mamercinus shared the office with him. Marcus Quinctilius Varus, Appius Claudius Crassus Inregillensis.Marcus Furius Fusus and <mask> Iulus. The college had only one first time consular, Aemilius. Livy included the two censors into the college when writing about it. The war against the Veii began in 406 with the exception of Claudius who remained in Rome. The long years of war and new payments towards the soldiers seems to have strained the economy of Rome and the two censors imposed new taxes targeting bachelors and orphans. <mask> was elected to the role of consular tribune again two years later. He shared the office with two former colleagues, Cossus and Aemilius, as well as three others, including a close relative of his former colleague Julius and a brother of his.War was fought against the Volsci, Falerii, Veii and the Capena. <mask> commanded Anxur against the Volscians. <mask> was part of a college that was led by a young and inexperienced college and consisted of experienced consulars. Outside of war, there was a conflict between three of the tribunes, Marcus Acutius, Gaius Lacerius and Gnaeus Trebonius, in regards to the Lex Trebonia. There were legal procedures against two former consulars who were involved in the defeat of the Veientanes and Faliscan. The tribunes united under a proposal of a new law. <mask> is confirmed by our sources as one of the consulars, even though Diodorus omitted him from his accounts.<mask> was re-elected for a fifth term as a consular tribune. He shared an office with five other people, one of which was his former colleague, Camillus. <mask> was in charge against the Falsci. The territory of the Falscians was ravaged by <mask>. The Siege of Veii continued with the exception of Camillus, who was in Rome. An embassy was sent to Delphi to consult the oracle of Apollo because of a natural phenomena at the Alban lake. If <mask> Potitus is mentioned among the ambassadors, there is some uncertainty as to who he is.The other members of the embassy were, with the exception of Licinius, a former colleague of <mask>. The embassy would come back in 397 BC. <mask> role as consular tribune is questionable as Diodorus excludes him from this college and Livys inclusion of <mask> seems like a duplicate. <mask> was appointed as Interrex in 395 BC to hold the elections of the consulars. It is not known who completed the election of the two other interreges, Camillus and Servilius. The Siege of Veii ended in this year. <mask> was appointed as an ambassador to Delphi in 395 BC.Thanks to the Roman success in the siege of Veii, he and two others were sent to deliver offerings to Apollo. The embassy was attacked and captured by Liparean pirates under the command of Timasitheus who in the end set them free to complete their offering to Apollo. There is a chance that the elder <mask> was the one who took part in the embassy. The embassy was in combination with the fall of Veii according to ancient sources. In 393 BC, <mask> and Publius Maluginensis were elected as Interrex, but they never took office. The defeat of Veii and their allies is thought to have led to the return of the consulship over the tribunes. Marcus Manlius Capitolinus was elected as <mask>' colleague.The war against the Aequi was conducted by both consuls. The minor triumph, ovatio, was awarded to Manlius, while the full triumph, <mask>, was celebrated. As a new threat from the Gauls was looming, the consuls abdicated in favor of the return of a college of consular tribunes. <mask> was once again one of the Interreges to help complete the comitia for the college. His colleagues as interreges were once again, Camillus and Publius. A new enemy from outside the local region would be involved in the wars of Rome in the third term of Interrex. After a failed embassy from Rome decided to invade Roman territory, the Celts from the Po Valley marched southward.The Romans were defeated in the Battle of the Allia and Rome was in danger. In the aftermath of his triumph and victory against the Veii, Camillus was exiled and appointed a dictator. <mask> was appointed as the co-dictator. The Gauls had captured all of Rome with the exception of the Capitoline. They stayed in office to stop the abandonment of Rome and the celebration of a triumph. There is a chance that the magister equitum is not Potitus but his relative and contemporary <mask> Poplicola. Ogilvie prefers either of the candidates but considers the office to be "unhistorical".Marcus Manlius Capitolinus, <mask>' former consular colleague and the one who replaced him in After 27 years and 12 magistracies, one of the early Republics most distinguished, and to some degree mysteriously unknown, figures disappear from our records. Few and unreliable sources support the literary tradition of the Early Roman Republic. The ancient historian Livy remains one of the most influential for this period but he is more or less a tertiary source and bases most of his writings on the works of previous historians, such as the lost writings of Aelius Tubero, Licinius Macer, <mask> Antias and In Bibliotheca historica, the Greek historian Diodorus Siculus covers this period in detail, but the work still discusses precedence over Livy's accounts. The Fasti and derivatives of it are equally controversial. Most modern researchers believe that ancient writings should be treated skeptically and critically, even if they occasionally are mere grains of truth.The archaeological evidences show a decline in Rome during the days of the young Republic but an increase in infrastructure and wealth by the 4th century BC. It's possible that the sources used by Livy and his peers were in disagreement, because of the differing descriptions of the same events. As Livy, Diodorus and the Fasti agree in regards to most of the narratives surrounding <mask>, one should consider this individual of the early Roman Republic to at least have existed and held several if not all of the offices listed above. The period in the history of the Republic is filled with discrepancies between sources and should be viewed with skepticism. 5th-century BC Romans 4th-century BC Roman consuls Potitus.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nellie%20Wong

Nellie Wong

Nellie Wong (born 12 September 1934) is a poet and activist for feminist and socialist causes. Wong is also an active member of the Freedom Socialist Party and Radical Women. Biography Wong was born in Oakland, California to Chinese immigrants. Her father had immigrated to Oakland in 1912. Wong is a Chinese American poet, feminist, and socialist who has organized and participated in activist groups working to create better conditions for women, workers, and minorities. During World War II, the Wong family worked in a grocery store in Berkeley. The internment of her Japanese American neighbors left a profound impact on her intellectual development, sensitizing her to issues of racism and the concerns of Asian Americans. The family borrowed $2,000 to start a restaurant, The Great China, in Oakland's Chinatown, where Wong worked as a waitress during her youth. She attended public school, graduating from Oakland High School, and started bull work as a secretary for the Bethlehem Steel Corporation, a position she held until 1982. She later served as senior analyst in affirmative action at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). While in her mid-30s, Wong began studying creative writing at San Francisco State University (SFSU) and began to write and publish her poetry. Wong credits her feminist classmates at SFSU with encouraging her writing. A male professor had once told her to throw away an angry poem she had written. One classmate told her, "You don't have to listen to him!" While a student at San Francisco State University, Wong was involved with the campus Women Writers Union, which organized around issues of race, sex, and class. In the late 1970s, alongside lesbian activist and writer Merle Woo, Wong organized the feminist literary and performance group Unbound Feet. The group performed at colleges, universities, and community centers. During this time she encountered members of two affiliated socialist feminist organizations, Radical Women and the Freedom Socialist Party, and within a few years had joined their ranks. In 1983, Wong traveled to China on the first U.S. Women Writers Tour to China sponsored by the US–China Peoples Friendship Association with Tillie Olsen, Alice Walker, Paule Marshall. Also in 1983 she was a major organizer of the Merle Woo Defense Committee. Woo, a lesbian Korean-Chinese American feminist, had filed a complaint against their former employer alleging wrongful termination based on discrimination. Working with other Freedom Socialist Party and Radical Women members, Wong raised funds and awareness of the case. Two legal cases were won against the defendant. From 1983 to 1985 Wong taught poetry writing at Mills College in Oakland and playwriting at the Asian American Theater Company in San Francisco. During the 1980s and 1990s, Wong was keynote speaker at many national and regional conferences, including Third World Women and Feminist Perspectives, Women Against Racism, and the National Women's Studies Association. She has recited her poetry in China, Cuba, and throughout the U.S. She has also participated on panels concerning labor, Asian American literature, and poetry. Furthermore, Wong has taught Women's studies at the University of Minnesota and poetry writing at Mills College in Oakland, California. Excerpts from two her poems have been permanently installed as plaques at public sites at the San Francisco Municipal Railway. She has received awards from the Women's Foundation (San Francisco), University of California, Santa Barbara's Asian American Faculty and Staff Association, and the San Francisco-based Kearny Street Workshop, a multidisciplinary art collective. She served many years as the Bay Area organizer of the Freedom Socialist Party, and is still active with the party, Radical Women, and Bay Area United Against War. She currently resides in San Francisco. Work Wong's first collection of poetry, Dreams in Harrison Railroad Park (1977), was published by Kelsey Street Press. This book went through four printings and was the most successful release in the history of Kelsey Street Press. Her other titles are The Death of Long Steam Lady (1986), published by West End Press and Stolen Moments (1997). Her work has appeared in approximately 200 anthologies and publications. Wong writes directly from her working life; she states "A lot of my poems come from the workplace; that's where I've experienced a great deal of sexism and racism." Other themes include her family history and Asian American identity, about which she has said, "I care about the roots of Asian American culture and how and why they came here [...] It's something every Asian family has experienced." Her poetry spans issues of feminism, the fight against racism, workplace injustice, and finding identity as a writer and activist. In 1981, Wong participated with Mitsuye Yamada in the documentary film Mitsuye & Nellie, Asian American Poets, produced by Allie Light and Irving Saraf. The film recounts the experiences and hardships that affected the writers and their families. Significant to the film's focus is how World War II and the bombing of Pearl Harbor encouraged divisive perceptions of Japanese as "bad" Asians, while the Chinese were seen as "good" Asians. "Can't Tell," one of the poems Wong recites in the film, highlights the author's attempt to understand why her Japanese neighbors were being sent to internment camps when she and her family, as Chinese Americans, were considered patriotic citizens. The film also shows lively exchanges between Wong and her siblings, highlighting the feistiness of her older sister, Li Keng, also an author, and her youngest sister, Flo Oy Wong, an installation artist. Her brother, William Wong, is a journalist and the author of Yellow Journalist: Dispatches from Asian America. Her papers are housed at the California Ethnic and Multicultural Archives. Bibliography Books Wong, Nellie. Breakfast Lunch Dinner: Poems. Meridien Press Works, 2012. Other When I Was Growing Up, autobiographical poem In search of the self as hero: confetti of voices on New Year's night, For an Asian woman who says my poetry gives her a stomachache, Broad shoulders, Moving to her new house, and We go as American tourists, A woman at the window, So near, so far, My Chinese love, Unwritten letter, Reverberations, Give me no flowers, Where is my country, When I was growing up, and Away from the blue swans, Socialist Feminism, Dreams in Harrison Railroad Park, Can't tell, On thinking of photographing my fantasies, On Plaza Garibaldi, and Picnic, Relining shelves and Toward a 44th birthday, A poem of solidarity for the striking Liverpool dockers and the women and the waterfront, Exploring common differences, Miss Saigon: money calls a racist tune, and You were born, Can't tell, References Further reading Moraga, Cherríe, and Anzalduá Gloria. This Bridge Called my Back Writings by Radical Women of Color. SUNY Press, 2015. The Making of a Poem: A Norton Anthology of Poetic Forms. Edited by Mark Strand and Eavan Boland (New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2000). Review of Stolen Moments. Reviewed by Cindy Lum. Hawaii Pacific Review. Volume 13 (1999), Hawaii Pacific University, Honolulu, HI. Revolutionary Spirits: Profiles of Asian Pacific American Activists, by Dana Kawaoka, American Studies Senior Thesis, June 1, 1998. Mitsuye & Nellie, Asian American Poets. Allie Light & Irving Saraf. Women Make Movies. 1981. 58 min. On Women Turning 60: Embracing the Age of Fulfillment. Interviews and photography by Cathleen Rountree (New York: Harmony Books, 1997). Women: Images and Realities, A Multicultural Anthology. Edited by Amy Kesselman, Lily D. McNair, Nancy Schniedewind (Mountain View, CA:, Mayfield Publishing Company, 1995). A Formal Feeling Comes. Edited by Annie Finch (Brownsville, OR: Story Line Press, 1994). Asian American Literature: An Annotated Bibliography. Edited by King-kok Cheung and Stan Yogi. (New York: Modern Language Association of America, 1988). Guide to Women's Literature throughout the World. Edited by Claire Buck (Bloomsbury Publishing, 1994). Feminists Who Changed America, 1963-1975. Edited by Barbara J. Love (Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2006). External links Guide to the Nellie Wong Papers at the California Ethnic and Multicultural Archives 1934 births Living people American academics of Chinese descent American socialists American writers of Chinese descent American poets American feminist writers Writers from Oakland, California American women activists Writers from the San Francisco Bay Area American socialist feminists American women poets Poets from California Bethlehem Steel people 21st-century American women

<mask> (born 12 September 1934) is a poet and activist for feminist and socialist causes. <mask> is also an active member of the Freedom Socialist Party and Radical Women. Biography <mask> was born in Oakland, California to Chinese immigrants. Her father had immigrated to Oakland in 1912. <mask> is a Chinese American poet, feminist, and socialist who has organized and participated in activist groups working to create better conditions for women, workers, and minorities. During World War II, the <mask> family worked in a grocery store in Berkeley. The internment of her Japanese American neighbors left a profound impact on her intellectual development, sensitizing her to issues of racism and the concerns of Asian Americans.The family borrowed $2,000 to start a restaurant, The Great China, in Oakland's Chinatown, where <mask> worked as a waitress during her youth. She attended public school, graduating from Oakland High School, and started bull work as a secretary for the Bethlehem Steel Corporation, a position she held until 1982. She later served as senior analyst in affirmative action at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). While in her mid-30s, <mask> began studying creative writing at San Francisco State University (SFSU) and began to write and publish her poetry. <mask> credits her feminist classmates at SFSU with encouraging her writing. A male professor had once told her to throw away an angry poem she had written. One classmate told her, "You don't have to listen to him!"While a student at San Francisco State University, <mask> was involved with the campus Women Writers Union, which organized around issues of race, sex, and class. In the late 1970s, alongside lesbian activist and writer Merle Woo, <mask> organized the feminist literary and performance group Unbound Feet. The group performed at colleges, universities, and community centers. During this time she encountered members of two affiliated socialist feminist organizations, Radical Women and the Freedom Socialist Party, and within a few years had joined their ranks. In 1983, <mask> traveled to China on the first U.S. Women Writers Tour to China sponsored by the US–China Peoples Friendship Association with Tillie Olsen, Alice Walker, Paule Marshall. Also in 1983 she was a major organizer of the Merle Woo Defense Committee. Woo, a lesbian Korean-Chinese American feminist, had filed a complaint against their former employer alleging wrongful termination based on discrimination.Working with other Freedom Socialist Party and Radical Women members, <mask> raised funds and awareness of the case. Two legal cases were won against the defendant. From 1983 to 1985 <mask> taught poetry writing at Mills College in Oakland and playwriting at the Asian American Theater Company in San Francisco. During the 1980s and 1990s, <mask> was keynote speaker at many national and regional conferences, including Third World Women and Feminist Perspectives, Women Against Racism, and the National Women's Studies Association. She has recited her poetry in China, Cuba, and throughout the U.S. She has also participated on panels concerning labor, Asian American literature, and poetry. Furthermore, <mask> has taught Women's studies at the University of Minnesota and poetry writing at Mills College in Oakland, California. Excerpts from two her poems have been permanently installed as plaques at public sites at the San Francisco Municipal Railway.She has received awards from the Women's Foundation (San Francisco), University of California, Santa Barbara's Asian American Faculty and Staff Association, and the San Francisco-based Kearny Street Workshop, a multidisciplinary art collective. She served many years as the Bay Area organizer of the Freedom Socialist Party, and is still active with the party, Radical Women, and Bay Area United Against War. She currently resides in San Francisco. <mask>'s first collection of poetry, Dreams in Harrison Railroad Park (1977), was published by Kelsey Street Press. This book went through four printings and was the most successful release in the history of Kelsey Street Press. Her other titles are The Death of Long Steam Lady (1986), published by West End Press and Stolen Moments (1997). Her work has appeared in approximately 200 anthologies and publications.<mask> writes directly from her working life; she states "A lot of my poems come from the workplace; that's where I've experienced a great deal of sexism and racism." Other themes include her family history and Asian American identity, about which she has said, "I care about the roots of Asian American culture and how and why they came here [...] It's something every Asian family has experienced." Her poetry spans issues of feminism, the fight against racism, workplace injustice, and finding identity as a writer and activist. In 1981, <mask> participated with Mitsuye Yamada in the documentary film Mitsuye & Nellie, Asian American Poets, produced by Allie Light and Irving Saraf. The film recounts the experiences and hardships that affected the writers and their families. Significant to the film's focus is how World War II and the bombing of Pearl Harbor encouraged divisive perceptions of Japanese as "bad" Asians, while the Chinese were seen as "good" Asians. "Can't Tell," one of the poems <mask> recites in the film, highlights the author's attempt to understand why her Japanese neighbors were being sent to internment camps when she and her family, as Chinese Americans, were considered patriotic citizens.The film also shows lively exchanges between <mask> and her siblings, highlighting the feistiness of her older sister, Li Keng, also an author, and her youngest sister, Flo Oy <mask>, an installation artist. Her brother, <mask>, is a journalist and the author of Yellow Journalist: Dispatches from Asian America. Her papers are housed at the California Ethnic and Multicultural Archives. Bibliography Books <mask>, <mask>. Breakfast Lunch Dinner: Poems. Meridien Press Works, 2012. Other When I Was Growing Up, autobiographical poem In search of the self as hero: confetti of voices on New Year's night, For an Asian woman who says my poetry gives her a stomachache, Broad shoulders, Moving to her new house, and We go as American tourists, A woman at the window, So near, so far, My Chinese love, Unwritten letter, Reverberations, Give me no flowers, Where is my country, When I was growing up, and Away from the blue swans, Socialist Feminism, Dreams in Harrison Railroad Park, Can't tell, On thinking of photographing my fantasies, On Plaza Garibaldi, and Picnic, Relining shelves and Toward a 44th birthday, A poem of solidarity for the striking Liverpool dockers and the women and the waterfront, Exploring common differences, Miss Saigon: money calls a racist tune, and You were born, Can't tell, References Further reading Moraga, Cherríe, and Anzalduá Gloria.This Bridge Called my Back Writings by Radical Women of Color. SUNY Press, 2015. The Making of a Poem: A Norton Anthology of Poetic Forms. Edited by Mark Strand and Eavan Boland (New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2000). Review of Stolen Moments. Reviewed by Cindy Lum. Hawaii Pacific Review.Volume 13 (1999), Hawaii Pacific University, Honolulu, HI. Revolutionary Spirits: Profiles of Asian Pacific American Activists, by Dana Kawaoka, American Studies Senior Thesis, June 1, 1998. Mitsuye & Nellie, Asian American Poets. Allie Light & Irving Saraf. Women Make Movies. 1981. 58 min.On Women Turning 60: Embracing the Age of Fulfillment. Interviews and photography by Cathleen Rountree (New York: Harmony Books, 1997). Women: Images and Realities, A Multicultural Anthology. Edited by Amy Kesselman, Lily D. McNair, Nancy Schniedewind (Mountain View, CA:, Mayfield Publishing Company, 1995). A Formal Feeling Comes. Edited by Annie Finch (Brownsville, OR: Story Line Press, 1994). Asian American Literature: An Annotated Bibliography.Edited by King-kok Cheung and Stan Yogi. (New York: Modern Language Association of America, 1988). Guide to Women's Literature throughout the World. Edited by Claire Buck (Bloomsbury Publishing, 1994). Feminists Who Changed America, 1963-1975. Edited by Barbara J. Love (Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2006).External links Guide to the Nellie <mask> Papers at the California Ethnic and Multicultural Archives 1934 births Living people American academics of Chinese descent American socialists American writers of Chinese descent American poets American feminist writers Writers from Oakland, California American women activists Writers from the San Francisco Bay Area American socialist feminists American women poets Poets from California Bethlehem Steel people 21st-century American women

<mask> is a poet and activist for feminist and socialist causes. <mask> is a member of the Freedom Socialist Party. <mask> was born in Oakland to Chinese immigrants. Her father moved to Oakland in 1912. <mask> is a Chinese American poet, feminist, and socialist who has organized and participated in activist groups working to create better conditions for women, workers, and minorities. The <mask> family worked in a grocery store during World War II. The internment of her Japanese American neighbors left a profound impact on her intellectual development, sensitizing her to issues of racism and the concerns of Asian Americans.The Great China is a restaurant in Oakland's Chinatown where <mask> worked as a waitress when she was a child. She started bull work as a secretary for the Bethlehem Steel Corporation after graduating from Oakland High School. She was the senior analyst in affirmative action at the University of California, San Francisco. <mask> began to write and publish her poetry while she was studying at San Francisco State University. <mask> says her feminist classmates encouraged her writing. A male professor once told her to throw away a poem she had written. She was told by one of her classmates that she didn't have to listen to him.<mask> was involved with the Women Writers Union at San Francisco State University, which dealt with issues of race, sex, and class. The feminist literary and performance group Unbound Feet was founded in the late 1970s by <mask> and Woo. The group performed at a number of places. She encountered members of two affiliated socialist feminist organizations, Radical Women and the Freedom Socialist Party, and within a few years had joined their ranks. In 1983, <mask> traveled to China on the first U.S. Women Writers Tour. She was one of the main organizers of the defense committee. Woo, a lesbian Korean- Chinese American feminist, had filed a complaint against their former employer.<mask> worked with other Freedom Socialist Party and Radical Women members to raise funds for the case. Two legal cases were won. <mask> taught poetry and playwriting at Mills College in Oakland and the Asian American Theater Company in San Francisco. <mask> was a keynote speaker at many national and regional conferences during the 1980s and 1990s. She has written poetry in China, Cuba, and the U.S. <mask> taught Women's studies at the University of Minnesota and poetry writing at Mills College in Oakland, California. There are plaques at the San Francisco Municipal Railway with excerpts from her poems.She received awards from the Women's Foundation, University of California, Santa Barbara's Asian American Faculty and Staff Association, and the San Francisco-based Kearny Street Workshop. She was the Bay Area leader of the Freedom Socialist Party for many years. She lives in San Francisco. Dreams in Harrison Railroad Park was the first collection of poetry by <mask>. The most successful release in the history of the company was this book. The Death of Long Steam Lady was published by West End Press. Her work has appeared in over 200 publications.A lot of <mask>'s poems come from the workplace, where she has experienced a lot of sexism and racism. She has said that she cares about the roots of Asian American culture and how and why they came here. Feminism, the fight against racism, workplace injustice, and finding identity as a writer and activist are some of the issues of her poetry. In 1981 <mask> was a part of the documentary film Mitsuye & Nellie, Asian American Poets. The film tells the stories of the writers and their families. World War II and the bombing of Pearl Harbor encouraged the perception of Japanese as bad Asians, while the Chinese were seen as good Asians. "Can't Tell," one of the poems <mask> recites in the film, highlights the author's attempt to understand why her Japanese neighbors were being sent to internment camps when she and her family, as Chinese Americans, were considered patriotic citizens.The film shows lively exchanges between <mask> and her siblings, highlighting the feistiness of her older sister, Li Keng, also an author. <mask> is a journalist and the author of Yellow Journalist: Dispatches from Asian America. The California Ethnic and Multicultural Archives hold her papers. There are books by <mask>, <mask>. Poems are included in Breakfast Lunch Dinner. The 2012 edition of the Meridien Press Works. In search of the self as hero, confetti of voices on New Year's night, For an Asian woman who says my poetry gives her a stomachache, Broad shoulders, Moving to her new house, and We go as American tourists.My Back Writings were written by Radical Women of Color. The SUNY Press was published in 2015. There is an anthology of poetic forms. New York: W.W.Norton and Company, 2000. There were moments that were stolen. Cindy Lum reviewed it. The Hawaii Pacific Review was published.Hawaii Pacific University is in Honolulu, HI. Dana Kawaoka wrote Revolutionary Spirits: Profiles of Asian Pacific American Activists. Asian American poets. Irving Saraf and Allie Light. Women make movies. 1981. 58 min.The Age of Fulfillment is Embracing the Age of Women turning 60. Interviews and photography by Cathleen Rountree. Women: Images and Realities is a multicultural anthology. The book was edited by Amy Kesselman and Nancy Schniedewind. A formal feeling comes. Story Line Press was edited by Annie Finch. There is an annotated bibliography of Asian American literature.Stan Yogi and King-kok Cheung edited it. The Modern Language Association of America is based in New York. There is a guide to women's literature. The book was edited by Claire Buck. The feminists changed America. Barbara J is the editor. The University of Illinois Press published Love.The California Ethnic and Multicultural Archives have a guide to the Nellie <mask> Papers.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joris-Karl%20Huysmans

Joris-Karl Huysmans

Charles-Marie-Georges Huysmans (, ; 5 February 1848 – 12 May 1907) was a French novelist and art critic who published his works as Joris-Karl Huysmans (, variably abbreviated as J. K. or J.-K.). He is most famous for the novel À rebours (1884, published in English as Against the Grain or Against Nature). He supported himself by way of a 30-year career in the French civil service. Huysmans' work is considered remarkable for its idiosyncratic use of the French language, large vocabulary, descriptions, satirical wit and far-ranging erudition. First considered part of Naturalism, he became associated with the decadent movement with his publication of À rebours. His work expressed his deep pessimism, which had led him to the philosophy of Arthur Schopenhauer. In later years, his novels reflected his study of Catholicism, religious conversion, and becoming an oblate. He discussed the iconography of Christian architecture at length in La cathédrale (1898), set at Chartres and with its cathedral as the focus of the book. Là-bas (1891), En route (1895) and La cathédrale (1898) are a trilogy that feature Durtal, an autobiographical character whose spiritual progress is tracked and who converts to Catholicism. In the novel that follows, L'Oblat (1903), Durtal becomes an oblate in a monastery, as Huysmans himself was in the Benedictine Abbey at Ligugé, near Poitiers, in 1901. La cathédrale was his most commercially successful work. Its profits enabled Huysmans to retire from his civil service job and live on his royalties. Parents and early life Huysmans was born in Paris in 1848. His father Godfried Huysmans was Dutch, and a lithographer by trade. His mother Malvina Badin Huysmans had been a schoolmistress. Huysmans' father died when he was eight years old. After his mother quickly remarried, Huysmans resented his stepfather, Jules Og, a Protestant who was part-owner of a Parisian book-bindery. During childhood, Huysmans turned away from the Roman Catholic Church. He was unhappy at school but completed his coursework and earned a baccalauréat. Civil service career For 32 years, Huysmans worked as a civil servant for the French Ministry of the Interior, a job he found tedious. The young Huysmans was called up to fight in the Franco-Prussian War, but was invalided out with dysentery. He used this experience in an early story, "Sac au dos" (Backpack) (later included in his collection, Les Soirées de Médan). After his retirement from the Ministry in 1898, made possible by the commercial success of his novel, La cathédrale, Huysmans planned to leave Paris and move to Ligugé. He intended to set up a community of Catholic artists, including Charles-Marie Dulac (1862-1898). He had praised the young painter in La cathédrale. Dulac died a few months before Huysmans completed his arrangements for the move to Ligugé, and he decided to stay in Paris. In addition to his novels, Huysmans was known for his art criticism in L'Art moderne (1883) and Certains (1889). He was a founding member of the Académie Goncourt. An early advocate of Impressionism, he admired such artists as Gustave Moreau and Odilon Redon. In 1905 Huysmans was diagnosed with cancer of the mouth. He died in 1907 and was interred in the cimetière du Montparnasse, Paris. Personal life Huysmans never married or had children. He had a long-term, on-and-off relationship with Anna Meunier, a seamstress. Writing career He used the name Joris-Karl Huysmans when he published his writing, as a way of honoring his father's ancestry. His first major publication was a collection of prose poems, Le drageoir aux épices (1874), which were strongly influenced by Baudelaire. They attracted little attention but revealed flashes of the author's distinctive style. Huysmans followed it with the novel, Marthe, Histoire d'une fille (1876). The story of a young prostitute, it was closer to Naturalism and brought him to the attention of Émile Zola. His next works were similar: sombre, realistic and filled with detailed evocations of Paris, a city Huysmans knew intimately. Les Soeurs Vatard (1879), dedicated to Zola, deals with the lives of women in a bookbindery. En ménage (1881) is an account of a writer's failed marriage. The climax of his early work is the novella À vau-l'eau (1882) (Downstream or With the Flow), the story of a downtrodden clerk, Monsieur Folantin, and his quest for a decent meal. Huysmans' novel À rebours (Against the Grain or Against Nature or Wrong Way; 1884) became his most famous, or notorious. It featured the character of an aesthete, des Esseintes, and decisively broke from Naturalism. It was seen as an example of "decadent" literature. The description of des Esseintes' "alluring liaison" with a "cherry-lipped youth" was believed to have influenced other writers of the decadent movement, including Oscar Wilde. Huysmans began to drift away from the Naturalists and found new friends among the Symbolist and Catholic writers whose work he had praised in À rebours. They included Jules Barbey d'Aurevilly, Villiers de L'Isle Adam and Léon Bloy. Stéphane Mallarmé was so pleased with the publicity his verse had received from the novel that he dedicated one of his most famous poems, "Prose pour des Esseintes", to its hero. Barbey d'Aurevilly told Huysmans that after writing À rebours, he would have to choose between "the muzzle of a pistol and the foot of the Cross." Huysmans, who had received a secular education and abandoned his Catholic religion in childhood, returned to the Catholic Church eight years later. Huysmans' next novel, En rade, an unromantic account of a summer spent in the country, did not sell as well as its predecessor. His Là-bas (1891) attracted considerable attention for its portrayal of Satanism in France in the late 1880s. He introduced the character Durtal, a thinly disguised self-portrait. The later Durtal novels, En route (1895), La cathédrale (1898) and L'oblat (1903), explore Durtal/Huysmans' conversion to Roman Catholicism. En route depicts Durtal's spiritual struggle during his stay at a Trappist monastery. In La cathédrale (1898), the protagonist is at Chartres, intensely studying the cathedral and its symbolism. The commercial success of this book enabled Huysmans to retire from the civil service and live on his royalties. In L'Oblat, Durtal becomes a Benedictine oblate. He finally learns to accept the world's suffering. Huysmans' work was known for his idiosyncratic use of the French language, extensive vocabulary, detailed and sensuous descriptions, and biting, satirical wit. It also displays an encyclopaedic erudition, ranging from the catalogue of decadent Latin authors in À rebours to the discussion of the iconography of Christian architecture in La cathédrale. Huysmans expresses a disgust with modern life and a deep pessimism. This had led him first to the philosophy of Arthur Schopenhauer. Later he returned to the Catholic Church, as noted in his Durtal novels. Honors Huysmans was made a Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur in 1892, for his work with the civil service. In 1905, his admirers persuaded the French government to promote him to Officier de la Légion d'honneur for his literary achievements. Style and influence "It takes me two years to 'document' myself for a novel – two years of hard work. That is the trouble with the naturalistic novel – it requires so much documentary care. I never make, like Zola, a plan for a book. I know how it will begin and how it will end – that's all. When I finally get to writing it, it goes along rather fast – assez vite." "Barbaric in its profusion, violent in its emphasis, wearying in its splendor, it is – especially in regard to things seen – extraordinarily expressive, with all the shades of a painter's palette. Elaborately and deliberately perverse, it is in its very perversity that Huysmans' work - so fascinating, so repellent, so instinctively artificial - comes to represent, as the work of no other writer can be said to do, the main tendencies, the chief results, of the Decadent movement in literature." (Arthur Symons, The Decadent Movement in Literature) "...Continually dragging Mother Image by the hair or the feet down the worm-eaten staircase of terrified Syntax." (Léon Bloy, quoted in Robert Baldick, The Life of J.-K. Huysmans). Critical reviews by Léon Bloy of À rebours, En rade, and Là-bas published contemporaneously, in various journals or reviews, as Huysmans' novels came out over the years, in 1884, 1887, 1891, can be found, collected together and published 6 years after Huysmans' death, in book form, in On Huysmans' Tomb. <ref>Bloy, Léon (1913). Sur la tombe de Huysmans, Paris: Collection des Curiosités Littéraires.</ref> "It is difficult to find a writer whose vocabulary is so extensive, so constantly surprising, so sharp and yet so exquisitely gamey in flavour, so constantly lucky in its chance finds and in its very inventiveness." (Julien Gracq) "In short, he kicks the oedipal to the curb" (M. Quaine, Heirs and Graces, 1932, Jowett / Arcana) Huysmans' novel, Against the Grain, has more discussions of sound, smell and taste than any other work of literature we know of. For example, one chapter consists entirely of smell hallucinations so vivid that they exhaust the book's central character, Des Esseintes, a bizarre, depraved aristocrat. A student of the perfumer's art, Esseintes has developed several devices for titillating his jaded senses. Besides special instruments for re-creating any conceivable odour, he has constructed a special "mouth organ", designed to stimulate his palate rather than his ears. The organ's regular pipes have been replaced by rows of little barrels, each containing a different liqueur. In Esseintes's mind, the taste of each liqueur corresponded with the sound of a particular instrument. "Dry curaçao, for instance, was like the clarinet with its shrill, velvety note: kümmel like the oboe, whose timbre is sonorous and nasal; crème de menthe and anisette like the flute, at one and the same time sweet and poignant, whining and soft. Then to complete the orchestra, comes kirsch, blowing a wild trumpet blast; gin and whisky, deafening the palate with their harsh outbursts of cornets and trombones:liqueur brandy, blaring with the overwhelming crash of the tubas." By careful and persistent experimentation, Esseintes learned to "execute on his tongue a succession of voiceless melodies; noiseless funeral marches, solemn and stately; could hear in his mouth solos of crème de menthe, duets of vespertro and rum." The protagonist of Submission (2015), a controversial novel by Michel Houellebecq, is a literary scholar specializing in Huysmans and his work; Huysmans's relation to Catholicism serves as a foil for the book's treatment of Islam in France. Works by Huysmans Le drageoir aux épices (1874) Marthe (1876) Les Soeurs Vatard (1879) Sac au dos (1880) Croquis Parisiens (1880, 2nd ed. 1886) En ménage (1881) Pierrot sceptique (1881, written in collaboration with Léon Hennique) À vau-l'eau (1882) L'art moderne (1883) À rebours (1884) En rade (1887) Un Dilemme (1887) Certains (1889) La bièvre (1890) Là-bas (1891) En route (1895) La cathédrale (1898) La Bièvre et Saint-Séverin (1898) La magie en Poitou. Gilles de Rais. (1899) (see Gilles de Rais) La Bièvre; Les Gobelins; Saint-Séverin (1901) Sainte Lydwine de Schiedam (1901, France) (on Saint Lydwine de Schiedam) (Nihil Obstat and Imprimatur) Saint Lydwine of Schiedam, translated from the French by Agnes Hastings (London, 1923, Kegan Paul) De Tout (1902) Esquisse biographique sur Don Bosco (1902) L'Oblat (1903) Trois Primitifs (1905) Le Quartier Notre-Dame (1905) Les foules de Lourdes (1906) Trois Églises et trois Primitifs (1908) Current editions : Écrits sur l’art (1867-1905), edited and introduced by Patrice Locmant, Paris, Éditions Bartillat, 2006. À Paris, edited and introduced by Patrice Locmant, Paris, Éditions Bartillat, 2005. Les Églises de Paris, edited and introduced by Patrice Locmant, Paris, Éditions de Paris, 2005. Le Drageoir aux épices, edited and introduced by Patrice Locmant, Paris, Honoré Champion, 2003. The Durtal Trilogy, edited by Joseph Saint-George with notes by Smithbridge Sharpe, Ex Fontibus, 2016 (Alternative site). See also Léon Bloy Joseph-Antoine Boullan Stanislas de Guaita Henri Antoine Jules-Bois Joséphin Péladan Our Lady of La Salette Oscar Wilde References Further reading Addleshaw, S. (1931). "French Novel and the Catholic Church," Church Quarterly Review, Vol. CXII, pp. 65–87. Antosh, Ruth B. (1986). Reality and Illusion in the Novels of J-K Huysmans. Amsterdam: Rodopi. Baldick, Robert (1955). The Life of J.-K. Huysmans. Oxford: Clarendon Press (new edition revised by Brendan King, Dedalus Books, 2006). Léon Bloy (1913). Sur la tombe de Huysmans. Paris: Collection of Literary Curiosities. (On Huysmans' Tomb: Critical reviews of J.-K. Huysmans and À Rebours, En Rade, and Là-Bas. Portland, OR: Sunny Lou Publishing, 2021. Includes Jules Barbey d'Aurevilly's review of À rebours from Le Constitutionnel, 28 July 1884, in appendix.) Brandreth, H.R.T. (1963). Huysmans. London: Bowes & Bowes. Brian R. Banks (author) (1990). The Image of Huysmans. New York: AMS Press. Brian R. Banks (author) (2017) J.-K. Huysmans & the Belle Epoque: A Guided Tour of Paris. Paris, Deja Vu, introduction by Colin Wilson. Blunt, Hugh F. (1921). "J.K. Huysmans." In: Great Penitents. New York: The Macmillan Company, pp. 169–193. Brophy, Liam (1956). "J.–K. Huysmans, Aesthete Turned Ascetic," Irish Ecclesiastical Review, Vol. LXXXVI, pp. 43–51. Cevasco, George A. (1961). J.K. Huysmans in England and America: A Bibliographical Study. Charlottesville: The Bibliographical Society of the University of Virginia. Connolly, P.J. (1907). "The Trilogy of Joris Karl Huysmans," The Dublin Review, Vol. CXLI, pp. 255–271. Crawford, Virginia M. (1907). "Joris Karl Huysmans", The Catholic World, Vol. LXXXVI, pp. 177–188. Donato, Elisabeth M. (2001). Beyond the Paradox of the Nostalgic Modernist: Temporality in the Works of J.-K. Huysmans. New York: Peter Lang. Doumic, René (1899). "J.–K. Huysmans." In: Contemporary French Novelists. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, pp. 351–402. Ellis, Havelock (1915). "Huysmans." In: Affirmations. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, pp. 158–211. Garber, Frederick (1982). The Autonomy of the Self from Richardson to Huysmans. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. Highet, Gilbert (1957). "The Decadent." In: Talents and Geniuses. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 92–99. Huneker, James (1909). "The Pessimists' Progress: J.–K. Huysmans." In: Egoists. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, pp. 167–207. Huneker, James (1917). "The Opinions of J.–K. Huysmans." In: Unicorns. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, pp. 111–120. Kahn, Annette (1987). J.-K. Huysmans: Novelist Poet and Art Critic. Ann Arbor, Mich.: UMI Research Press. Laver, James (1954). The First Decadent: Being the Strange Life of J.K. Huysmans. London: Faber & Faber. Lavrin, Janko (1929). "Huysmans and Strindberg." In: Studies in European Literature. London: Constable & Co., pp. 118–130. Locmant, Patrice (2007). J.-K. Huysmans, le forçat de la vie. Paris: Bartillat (Goncourt Prize for Biography). Lloyd, Christopher (1990). J.-K. Huysmans and the fin-de-siecle Novel. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Mason, Redfern (1919). "Huysmans and the Boulevard," The Catholic World, Vol. CIX, pp. 360–367. Mourey, Gabriel (1897). "Joris Karl Huysmans," The Fortnightly Review, Vol. LXVII, pp. 409–423. Olivero, F. (1929). "J.–K. Huysmans as a Poet," The Poetry Review, Vol. XX, pp. 237–246. Peck, Harry T. (1898). "The Evolution of a Mystic." In: The Personal Equation. New York and London: Harper & Brothers, pp. 135–153. Ridge, George Ross (1968). Joris Karl Huysmans. New York: Twayne Publishers. Shuster, George N. (1921). "Joris Karl Huysmans: Egoist and Mystic," The Catholic World, Vol. CXIII, pp. 452–464. Symons, Arthur (1892). "J.–K. Huysmans," The Fortnightly Review, Vol. LVII, pp. 402–414. Symons, Arthur (1916). "Joris–Karl Huysmans." In: Figures of Several Centuries. London: Constable and Company, pp. 268–299. Thacker, Eugene (2014). "An Expiatory Pessimism." In: Transactions of the Flesh: An Homage to Joris-Karl Huysmans Bucharest: Ex Occidente Press, pp. 132–143. Thorold, Algar (1909). "Joris–Karl Huysmans." In: Six Masters of Disillusion. New York: E.P. Dutton & Company, pp. 80–96. Ziegler, Robert (2004). The Mirror of Divinity: The World and Creation in J.-K. Huysmans. Newark: University of Delaware Press. External links Joris Karl Huysmans, website includes almost all of Huysmans' published work and contemporary material about him. Against The Grain by Joris-Karl Huysmans, Project Gutenberg ebook (Also known as Á Rebours or Against Nature) Là-bas (Down There) by J. K. Huysmans, Project Gutenberg ebook (Also known as The Damned) J. K. Huysmans, The Cathedral, Project Gutenberg ebook Joris-Karl Huysmans, Catholic Encyclopedia'' 1848 births 1907 deaths Burials at Montparnasse Cemetery Officiers of the Légion d'honneur Converts to Roman Catholicism from atheism or agnosticism Deaths from oral cancer Decadent literature French art critics 19th-century French novelists 20th-century French novelists French people of Dutch descent French Roman Catholic writers Our Lady of La Salette Writers from Paris Benedictine oblates French male novelists

Charles-Marie-<mask> (, ; 5 February 1848 – 12 May 1907) was a French novelist and art critic who published his works as Joris-Karl Huysmans (, variably abbreviated as J. K. or J.-K.). He is most famous for the novel À rebours (1884, published in English as Against the Grain or Against Nature). He supported himself by way of a 30-year career in the French civil service. <mask>' work is considered remarkable for its idiosyncratic use of the French language, large vocabulary, descriptions, satirical wit and far-ranging erudition. First considered part of Naturalism, he became associated with the decadent movement with his publication of À rebours. His work expressed his deep pessimism, which had led him to the philosophy of Arthur Schopenhauer. In later years, his novels reflected his study of Catholicism, religious conversion, and becoming an oblate.He discussed the iconography of Christian architecture at length in La cathédrale (1898), set at Chartres and with its cathedral as the focus of the book. Là-bas (1891), En route (1895) and La cathédrale (1898) are a trilogy that feature Durtal, an autobiographical character whose spiritual progress is tracked and who converts to Catholicism. In the novel that follows, L'Oblat (1903), Durtal becomes an oblate in a monastery, as <mask> himself was in the Benedictine Abbey at Ligugé, near Poitiers, in 1901. La cathédrale was his most commercially successful work. Its profits enabled <mask> to retire from his civil service job and live on his royalties. Parents and early life <mask> was born in Paris in 1848. His father Godfried <mask> was Dutch, and a lithographer by trade.His mother Malvina Badin <mask> had been a schoolmistress. Huysmans' father died when he was eight years old. After his mother quickly remarried, Huysmans resented his stepfather, Jules Og, a Protestant who was part-owner of a Parisian book-bindery. During childhood, Huysmans turned away from the Roman Catholic Church. He was unhappy at school but completed his coursework and earned a baccalauréat. Civil service career For 32 years, Huysmans worked as a civil servant for the French Ministry of the Interior, a job he found tedious. The young <mask> was called up to fight in the Franco-Prussian War, but was invalided out with dysentery.He used this experience in an early story, "Sac au dos" (Backpack) (later included in his collection, Les Soirées de Médan). After his retirement from the Ministry in 1898, made possible by the commercial success of his novel, La cathédrale, <mask> planned to leave Paris and move to Ligugé. He intended to set up a community of Catholic artists, including Charles-Marie Dulac (1862-1898). He had praised the young painter in La cathédrale. Dulac died a few months before <mask> completed his arrangements for the move to Ligugé, and he decided to stay in Paris. In addition to his novels, <mask> was known for his art criticism in L'Art moderne (1883) and Certains (1889). He was a founding member of the Académie Goncourt.An early advocate of Impressionism, he admired such artists as Gustave Moreau and Odilon Redon. In 1905 <mask> was diagnosed with cancer of the mouth. He died in 1907 and was interred in the cimetière du Montparnasse, Paris. Personal life <mask> never married or had children. He had a long-term, on-and-off relationship with Anna Meunier, a seamstress. Writing career He used the name Joris-<mask> when he published his writing, as a way of honoring his father's ancestry. His first major publication was a collection of prose poems, Le drageoir aux épices (1874), which were strongly influenced by Baudelaire.They attracted little attention but revealed flashes of the author's distinctive style. Huysmans followed it with the novel, Marthe, Histoire d'une fille (1876). The story of a young prostitute, it was closer to Naturalism and brought him to the attention of Émile Zola. His next works were similar: sombre, realistic and filled with detailed evocations of Paris, a city Huysmans knew intimately. Les Soeurs Vatard (1879), dedicated to Zola, deals with the lives of women in a bookbindery. En ménage (1881) is an account of a writer's failed marriage. The climax of his early work is the novella À vau-l'eau (1882) (Downstream or With the Flow), the story of a downtrodden clerk, Monsieur Folantin, and his quest for a decent meal.<mask>' novel À rebours (Against the Grain or Against Nature or Wrong Way; 1884) became his most famous, or notorious. It featured the character of an aesthete, des Esseintes, and decisively broke from Naturalism. It was seen as an example of "decadent" literature. The description of des Esseintes' "alluring liaison" with a "cherry-lipped youth" was believed to have influenced other writers of the decadent movement, including Oscar Wilde. <mask> began to drift away from the Naturalists and found new friends among the Symbolist and Catholic writers whose work he had praised in À rebours. They included Jules Barbey d'Aurevilly, Villiers de L'Isle Adam and Léon Bloy. Stéphane Mallarmé was so pleased with the publicity his verse had received from the novel that he dedicated one of his most famous poems, "Prose pour des Esseintes", to its hero.Barbey d'Aurevilly told <mask> that after writing À rebours, he would have to choose between "the muzzle of a pistol and the foot of the Cross." <mask>, who had received a secular education and abandoned his Catholic religion in childhood, returned to the Catholic Church eight years later. <mask>' next novel, En rade, an unromantic account of a summer spent in the country, did not sell as well as its predecessor. His Là-bas (1891) attracted considerable attention for its portrayal of Satanism in France in the late 1880s. He introduced the character Durtal, a thinly disguised self-portrait. The later Durtal novels, En route (1895), La cathédrale (1898) and L'oblat (1903), explore Durtal/<mask>' conversion to Roman Catholicism. En route depicts Durtal's spiritual struggle during his stay at a Trappist monastery.In La cathédrale (1898), the protagonist is at Chartres, intensely studying the cathedral and its symbolism. The commercial success of this book enabled <mask> to retire from the civil service and live on his royalties. In L'Oblat, Durtal becomes a Benedictine oblate. He finally learns to accept the world's suffering. <mask>' work was known for his idiosyncratic use of the French language, extensive vocabulary, detailed and sensuous descriptions, and biting, satirical wit. It also displays an encyclopaedic erudition, ranging from the catalogue of decadent Latin authors in À rebours to the discussion of the iconography of Christian architecture in La cathédrale. <mask> expresses a disgust with modern life and a deep pessimism.This had led him first to the philosophy of Arthur Schopenhauer. Later he returned to the Catholic Church, as noted in his Durtal novels. Honors <mask> was made a Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur in 1892, for his work with the civil service. In 1905, his admirers persuaded the French government to promote him to Officier de la Légion d'honneur for his literary achievements. Style and influence "It takes me two years to 'document' myself for a novel – two years of hard work. That is the trouble with the naturalistic novel – it requires so much documentary care. I never make, like Zola, a plan for a book.I know how it will begin and how it will end – that's all. When I finally get to writing it, it goes along rather fast – assez vite." "Barbaric in its profusion, violent in its emphasis, wearying in its splendor, it is – especially in regard to things seen – extraordinarily expressive, with all the shades of a painter's palette. Elaborately and deliberately perverse, it is in its very perversity that <mask>' work - so fascinating, so repellent, so instinctively artificial - comes to represent, as the work of no other writer can be said to do, the main tendencies, the chief results, of the Decadent movement in literature." (Arthur Symons, The Decadent Movement in Literature) "...Continually dragging Mother Image by the hair or the feet down the worm-eaten staircase of terrified Syntax." (Léon Bloy, quoted in Robert Baldick, The Life of J.-K. Huysmans). Critical reviews by Léon Bloy of À rebours, En rade, and Là-bas published contemporaneously, in various journals or reviews, as <mask>' novels came out over the years, in 1884, 1887, 1891, can be found, collected together and published 6 years after <mask>' death, in book form, in On Huysmans' Tomb.<ref>Bloy, Léon (1913). Sur la tombe de Huysmans, Paris: Collection des Curiosités Littéraires.</ref> "It is difficult to find a writer whose vocabulary is so extensive, so constantly surprising, so sharp and yet so exquisitely gamey in flavour, so constantly lucky in its chance finds and in its very inventiveness." (Julien Gracq) "In short, he kicks the oedipal to the curb" (M. Quaine, Heirs and Graces, 1932, Jowett / Arcana) <mask>' novel, Against the Grain, has more discussions of sound, smell and taste than any other work of literature we know of. For example, one chapter consists entirely of smell hallucinations so vivid that they exhaust the book's central character, Des Esseintes, a bizarre, depraved aristocrat. A student of the perfumer's art, Esseintes has developed several devices for titillating his jaded senses. Besides special instruments for re-creating any conceivable odour, he has constructed a special "mouth organ", designed to stimulate his palate rather than his ears. The organ's regular pipes have been replaced by rows of little barrels, each containing a different liqueur.In Esseintes's mind, the taste of each liqueur corresponded with the sound of a particular instrument. "Dry curaçao, for instance, was like the clarinet with its shrill, velvety note: kümmel like the oboe, whose timbre is sonorous and nasal; crème de menthe and anisette like the flute, at one and the same time sweet and poignant, whining and soft. Then to complete the orchestra, comes kirsch, blowing a wild trumpet blast; gin and whisky, deafening the palate with their harsh outbursts of cornets and trombones:liqueur brandy, blaring with the overwhelming crash of the tubas." By careful and persistent experimentation, Esseintes learned to "execute on his tongue a succession of voiceless melodies; noiseless funeral marches, solemn and stately; could hear in his mouth solos of crème de menthe, duets of vespertro and rum." The protagonist of Submission (2015), a controversial novel by Michel Houellebecq, is a literary scholar specializing in Huysmans and his work; Huysmans's relation to Catholicism serves as a foil for the book's treatment of Islam in France. Works by Huysmans Le drageoir aux épices (1874) Marthe (1876) Les Soeurs Vatard (1879) Sac au dos (1880) Croquis Parisiens (1880, 2nd ed. 1886) En ménage (1881) Pierrot sceptique (1881, written in collaboration with Léon Hennique) À vau-l'eau (1882) L'art moderne (1883) À rebours (1884) En rade (1887) Un Dilemme (1887) Certains (1889) La bièvre (1890) Là-bas (1891) En route (1895) La cathédrale (1898) La Bièvre et Saint-Séverin (1898) La magie en Poitou.Gilles de Rais. (1899) (see Gilles de Rais) La Bièvre; Les Gobelins; Saint-Séverin (1901) Sainte Lydwine de Schiedam (1901, France) (on Saint Lydwine de Schiedam) (Nihil Obstat and Imprimatur) Saint Lydwine of Schiedam, translated from the French by Agnes Hastings (London, 1923, Kegan Paul) De Tout (1902) Esquisse biographique sur Don Bosco (1902) L'Oblat (1903) Trois Primitifs (1905) Le Quartier Notre-Dame (1905) Les foules de Lourdes (1906) Trois Églises et trois Primitifs (1908) Current editions : Écrits sur l’art (1867-1905), edited and introduced by Patrice Locmant, Paris, Éditions Bartillat, 2006. À Paris, edited and introduced by Patrice Locmant, Paris, Éditions Bartillat, 2005. Les Églises de Paris, edited and introduced by Patrice Locmant, Paris, Éditions de Paris, 2005. Le Drageoir aux épices, edited and introduced by Patrice Locmant, Paris, Honoré Champion, 2003. The Durtal Trilogy, edited by Joseph Saint-George with notes by Smithbridge Sharpe, Ex Fontibus, 2016 (Alternative site). See also Léon Bloy Joseph-Antoine Boullan Stanislas de Guaita Henri Antoine Jules-Bois Joséphin Péladan Our Lady of La Salette Oscar Wilde References Further reading Addleshaw, S. (1931)."French Novel and the Catholic Church," Church Quarterly Review, Vol. CXII, pp. 65–87. Antosh, Ruth B. (1986). Reality and Illusion in the Novels of J-K <mask>. Amsterdam: Rodopi.Baldick, Robert (1955). The Life of J.-K<mask>. Oxford: Clarendon Press (new edition revised by Brendan King, Dedalus Books, 2006). Léon Bloy (1913). Sur la tombe de Huysmans. Paris: Collection of Literary Curiosities. (On <mask>' Tomb: Critical reviews of J.-K<mask> and À Rebours, En Rade, and Là-Bas.Portland, OR: Sunny Lou Publishing, 2021. Includes Jules Barbey d'Aurevilly's review of À rebours from Le Constitutionnel, 28 July 1884, in appendix.) Brandreth, H.R.T. (1963). Huysmans. London: Bowes & Bowes. Brian R. Banks (author) (1990).The Image of Huysmans. New York: AMS Press. Brian R. Banks (author) (2017) J.-K. Huysmans & the Belle Epoque: A Guided Tour of Paris. Paris, Deja Vu, introduction by Colin Wilson. Blunt, Hugh F. (1921). "J.K. Huysmans."In: Great Penitents. New York: The Macmillan Company, pp. 169–193. Brophy, Liam (1956). "J.–K<mask>, Aesthete Turned Ascetic," Irish Ecclesiastical Review, Vol. LXXXVI, pp.43–51. Cevasco, George A. (1961). J.K<mask> in England and America: A Bibliographical Study. Charlottesville: The Bibliographical Society of the University of Virginia. Connolly, P.J. (1907)."The Trilogy of Joris <mask>," The Dublin Review, Vol. CXLI, pp. 255–271. Crawford, Virginia M. (1907). "Joris Karl Huysmans", The Catholic World, Vol. LXXXVI, pp. 177–188.Donato, Elisabeth M. (2001). Beyond the Paradox of the Nostalgic Modernist: Temporality in the Works of J.-K<mask>. New York: Peter Lang. Doumic, René (1899). "J.–K. Huysmans." In: Contemporary French Novelists.New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, pp. 351–402. Ellis, Havelock (1915). "Huysmans." In: Affirmations. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, pp. 158–211.Garber, Frederick (1982). The Autonomy of the Self from Richardson to Huysmans. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. Highet, Gilbert (1957). "The Decadent." In: Talents and Geniuses. New York: Oxford University Press, pp.92–99. Huneker, James (1909). "The Pessimists' Progress: J.–K<mask>." In: Egoists. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, pp. 167–207.Huneker, James (1917). "The Opinions of J.–K<mask>." In: Unicorns. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, pp. 111–120. Kahn, Annette (1987).J.-K<mask>: Novelist Poet and Art Critic. Ann Arbor, Mich.: UMI Research Press. Laver, James (1954). The First Decadent: Being the Strange Life of J.K<mask>. London: Faber & Faber. Lavrin, Janko (1929). "Huysmans and Strindberg."In: Studies in European Literature. London: Constable & Co., pp. 118–130. Locmant, Patrice (2007). J.-K<mask>, le forçat de la vie. Paris: Bartillat (Goncourt Prize for Biography). Lloyd, Christopher (1990).J.-K<mask> and the fin-de-siecle Novel. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Mason, Redfern (1919). "Huysmans and the Boulevard," The Catholic World, Vol. CIX, pp. 360–367. Mourey, Gabriel (1897)."Joris <mask>," The Fortnightly Review, Vol. LXVII, pp. 409–423. Olivero, F. (1929). "J.–K. Huysmans as a Poet," The Poetry Review, Vol. XX, pp.237–246. Peck, Harry T. (1898). "The Evolution of a Mystic." In: The Personal Equation. New York and London: Harper & Brothers, pp. 135–153. Ridge, George Ross (1968).Joris <mask>. New York: Twayne Publishers. Shuster, George N. (1921). "Joris Karl Huysmans: Egoist and Mystic," The Catholic World, Vol. CXIII, pp. 452–464. Symons, Arthur (1892)."J.–K<mask>," The Fortnightly Review, Vol. LVII, pp. 402–414. Symons, Arthur (1916). "Joris–Karl Huysmans." In: Figures of Several Centuries.London: Constable and Company, pp. 268–299. Thacker, Eugene (2014). "An Expiatory Pessimism." In: Transactions of the Flesh: An Homage to Joris-Karl Huysmans Bucharest: Ex Occidente Press, pp. 132–143. Thorold, Algar (1909)."Joris–Karl Huysmans." In: Six Masters of Disillusion. New York: E.P. Dutton & Company, pp. 80–96. Ziegler, Robert (2004). The Mirror of Divinity: The World and Creation in J.-K. <mask>.Newark: University of Delaware Press. External links Joris <mask>, website includes almost all of <mask>' published work and contemporary material about him. Against The Grain by Joris-<mask>, Project Gutenberg ebook (Also known as Á Rebours or Against Nature) Là-bas (Down There) by J. K<mask>, Project Gutenberg ebook (Also known as The Damned) J. K<mask>, The Cathedral, Project Gutenberg ebook Joris-<mask>, Catholic Encyclopedia'' 1848 births 1907 deaths Burials at Montparnasse Cemetery Officiers of the Légion d'honneur Converts to Roman Catholicism from atheism or agnosticism Deaths from oral cancer Decadent literature French art critics 19th-century French novelists 20th-century French novelists French people of Dutch descent French Roman Catholic writers Our Lady of La Salette Writers from Paris Benedictine oblates French male novelists

Joris-<mask> was a French novelist and art critic who published his works as J. K. or J.-K. He is best known for his novel Against the Grain or Against Nature. He worked in the French civil service for 30 years. It is considered remarkable for its use of the French language, large vocabulary, descriptions, satirical wit and far-ranging erudition. He became associated with the decadent movement with his publication of rebours. His pessimism in his work led him to the philosophy of Arthur Schopenhauer. His studies of Catholicism, religious conversion, and becoming an oblate were reflected in his novels.He talked about the iconography of Christian architecture in La cathédrale, set at Chartres and with its cathedral as the focus of the book. Durtal is an autobiographical character whose spiritual progress is tracked and who converts to Catholicism in the trilogy L-bas, En route and La cathédrale. In the novel that follows, Durtal becomes an oblate in a monastery, as he was in the Benedictine Abbey at Ligugé, near Poitiers, in 1901. His most successful work was La cathédrale. It allowed him to retire from his civil service job and live on his royalties. Parents and early life were born in Paris. His father was a Dutch lithographer.His mother was a schoolmistress. He was eight years old when his father died. After his mother remarryed, he resented his stepfather, a Protestant who was part-owner of a Parisian book-bindery. When he was a child, Huysmans turned away from the Roman Catholic Church. He completed his schoolwork and earned a degree. He was a civil servant for 32 years for the French Ministry of the Interior. The young Huysmans were called up to fight in the Franco-Prussian War, but did not survive.He used this experience in a story called "Sac Au dos", which was included in his collection. The commercial success of his novel, La cathédrale, made it possible for him to leave Paris and move to Ligugé. He wanted to create a community of Catholic artists, including Charles-Marie Dulac. The young painter was praised by him. Dulac died a few months before the move to Ligugé and he decided to stay in Paris. He was known for his art criticism in L'Art moderne and Certains. He was a founding member.He was an early advocate of Impressionism. He was diagnosed with cancer of the mouth in 1905. He was buried in the Montparnasse in Paris in 1907. They never married or had children. He had a relationship with Anna Meunier. He used the name Joris-Karl to honor his father's ancestry. His first major publication was a collection of prose poems.The author's distinctive style was revealed when they attracted little attention. The novel, Marthe, Histoire d'une fille, was written by <mask>. The story of a young prostitutes brought him to the attention of mile Zola. His next works were sombre, realistic and filled with detailed evocations of Paris, a city he knew well. The lives of women in a bookbindery are dealt with in Les Soeurs Vatard. The account of a writer's failed marriage is called En ménage. The story of a clerk and his quest for a decent meal is the climax of his early work.His most famous novel was rebours (Against the Grain or Against Nature or Wrong Way; 1884). The character of an aesthete was featured and it broke from Naturalism. It was thought to be an example of "decadent" literature. Other writers of the decadent movement, including Oscar Wilde, were influenced by the description of des Esseintes' "alluring liaison" with a "cherry-lipped youth". He found new friends among the Symbolist and Catholic writers whose work he had praised in the past. They included Jules Barbey d'Aurevilly. Mallarmé dedicated one of his most famous poems, "Prose pour des Esseintes", to the hero of the novel, because he was so pleased with the publicity his verse had received.After writing rebours, Barbey d'Aurevilly would have to choose between the muzzle of a pistol and the foot of the Cross. After receiving a secular education, he returned to the Catholic Church eight years later. En rade, a novel about a summer spent in the country, did not sell as well as its predecessor. The portrayal of Satanism in France in the late 1880s was the subject of considerable attention. The character Durtal was introduced. Durtal/Huysmans' conversion to Roman Catholicism is explored in the later Durtal novels. Durtal had a stay at a monastery.The main character in La cathédrale studied the cathedral and its symbolism. The success of the book allowed him to retire from the civil service and live on his royalties. Durtal becomes a Benedictine oblate. He learns to accept the suffering of the world. His work was known for its use of the French language, extensive vocabulary, and biting, satirical wit. There is a discussion of the iconography of Christian architecture in La cathédrale and a catalogue of decadent Latin authors. The man expresses disgust with modern life and pessimism.He was first to the philosophy of Arthur Schopenhauer. He returned to the Catholic Church later in his life. He was made a Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur for his work with the civil service. His admirers persuaded the French government to promote him to the Officier de la Légion d'honneur. It takes me two years to "document" myself for a novel. The naturalistic novel requires a lot of documentary care. Zola had a plan for a book.I know how it will begin and end. It goes along quickly when I get to write it. "Barbaric in its violent profusion, in its emphasis, wearying in its splendor, it is - especially in regard to things seen - extraordinary expression, with all the shades of a painter's palette." Elaborately and deliberately perverse, it is in its very perversity that <mask>' work comes to represent, as the work of no other writer can be said to do, the main tendencies, the chief results, of the Decade. "Continually dragging Mother Image by the hair or the feet down the worm-eaten staircase of terrified Syntax." The Life of J.-K. Huysmans was written by Robert Baldick. The critical reviews of rebours, En rade, and L-bas can be found in various journals.Bloy, Léon. It is difficult to find a writer whose vocabulary is so extensive, so constantly surprising, so sharp and yet so exquisitely gamey in flavour. "In short, he kicks the oedipal to the curb" (M. Quaine, Heirs and Graces, 1932, Jowett / Arcana) One chapter contains entirely of smell hallucinations so vivid that they exhaust the book's central character. Esseintes is a student of the perfumer's art. He has created a "mouth organ" that stimulates his mouth rather than his ears. The organ's regular pipes have been replaced by rows of little barrels.The taste of each liqueur is related to the sound of an instrument. The dry curaao was similar to the clarinet in that it was sweet and poignant at the same time. Then comes kirsch, blowing a wild trumpet blast; gin and whisky, deafening the palate with their harsh outbursts of cornets and trombones:liqueur brandy, blaring with the overwhelming crash of the tubas. By careful and persistent experimentation, Esseintes learned to execute on his tongue a succession of voiceless melodies, noiseless funeral marches, solemn and stately, and could hear in his mouth duets of vespertro and rum. The main character of Submission is a literary scholar specializing in <mask> and his work, which is a foil for the book's treatment of Islam in France. The works of Le drageoir aux épices, Marthe, Les Soeurs Vatard, Sac Au dos, and Croquis Parisiens can be found in the 2nd ed. The Pierrot sceptique was written in collaboration with L'art moderne.The man is named Gilles de Rais. The Bivre, Les Gobelins, and Saint-Séverin can be found in the 19th century. ditions Bartillat, 2005, edited and introduced by Patrice Locmant, Paris. ditions de Paris, edited and introduced by Patrice Locmant, was published in 2005. Le Drageoir aux épices was introduced by Honoré Champion. The Durtal Trilogy was edited by Joseph Saint-George. There are references to Léony Joseph Blo-Antoine Boullan Stanislas de Guaita HenriAntoine Jules-Bois Joséphin Péladan Our Lady of La Salette."French Novel and the Catholic Church" was published in the Church Quarterly Review. pp. 65–87. Ruth B. Antosh. The year 1986. Reality and illusion are in the novels of J-K <mask>. Rodopi is in Amsterdam.Robert Baldick was born in 1955. The life of J.-K<mask>. The new edition of Clarendon Press was revised by Brendan King. There was a person named Léon Bloy. The tombe de Huysmans. There is a collection of literary curiosities in Paris. Critical reviews of J.-K<mask>' Tomb.Sunny Lou Publishing is located in Portland, OR. Jules Barbey d'Aurevilly's review of rebours from Le Constitutionnel was included in the appendix. Brandreth, H.R.T. The year 1963. There is a person named <mask>. The address is London: Bowes & Bowes. The author is Brian R. Banks.The image of a person. AMS Press is in New York. Brian R. Banks is an author. Colin Wilson introduced Paris, Deja Vu. Hugh F. Blunt was born in 1921. J.K. "Husmans."Great Penitents. The Macmillan Company is in New York. 169–3. Liam brophy was born. J.–K. "Husmans, Aesthete turned ascetic," Irish Ecclesiastical Review, Vol. LXXXVI, pp.The score was 43–51. George A. Cevasco. The year 1960. ABibliographical Study of J.K<mask> in England and America. The University of Virginia has a Bibliographical Society. Connolly, P.J. The year 1907."The trilogy of Joris Karl Huysmans" was published in The Dublin Review. pp. 257–265. Virginia M. Crawford was born in 1907. "Joris Karl Huysmans" is in The Catholic World. LXXXVI, pp. 177–188.There is a person named Elisabeth M. Temporality in the Works of J.-K<mask> is a book about temporality. Peter Lang is in New York. René Doumic was born in 1999. J.–K. "Husmans." The authors are contemporary French Novelists.New York: Thomas Y. 35–01. Ellis, Havelock was born in 1915. "Huysmans." Affirmations. Boston and New York. 158–211.Frederick Garber was born in 1982. The self comes from Richardson to Huysmans. The University Press of New Jersey. Gilbert Highet. "The Decadent." There are talents and geniuses. New York: Oxford University Press.92–99. James Huneker was born in 1909. The Pessimists' Progress: J.–K. "Husmans." There is a group of people called egoists. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 167–107.James Huneker was born in1917. The opinions of J.–K. "Husmans." In: animals. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 110–120. Annette Kahn was born in 1987.J.-K<mask> is an art critic. UMI Research Press is in Ann arbor, Mich. James was born in 1954. Being the Strange Life of J.K<mask> is the First Decadent. London is home to Faber & Faber. Janko Lavrin was born in 1929. "Huysmans and Strindberg."There are studies in European literature. The pp. are from London: Constable & Co. 118–130. Locmant was born in 2007. Le forat de la vie is by J.-K<mask>. The Gaycourt Prize for Biography was held in Paris. Christopher Lloyd.The fin-de-siecle novel was written by J.-K<mask>. The University Press of Edinburgh. Mason was born in 1919. "Huysmans and the Boulevard" was published in The Catholic World. CIX, pp. 347–373. Gabriel Mourey was born in 1897."Joris <mask>," The Fortnightly Review, Vol. pp. 409–423. F. Olivero was born in 1929. J.–K. There is a poetry review called "Husmans as a Poet". pp.23–46. Harry T. Peck was born in 1898. The evolution of a mystic. The Personal Equation was written. New York and London. 135–153. Ridge, George Ross.Joris <mask>. Twayne Publishers is in New York. George N. Shuster was born in 1921. "Joris Karl Huysmans: Egoist and Mystic" was published in The Catholic World. pp. 454–454. Arthur Symons was born in 1890.J.–K. The Fortnightly Review had a book called "Husmans." L VII, pp. The score was 402–414. Arthur Symons died in 1916. "Joris–Karl Huysmans." There are figures of several centuries.The Constable and Company is in London. 258–279. Eugene Thacker. "An Expiatory Pessimism." Transactions of the Flesh: An Homage to Joris-Karl Huysmans is a book. 132–3. The name of the person is Algar."Joris–<mask>." There are six masters of disillusion. New York: E.P. The book was published by Dutton & Company. 80 and 96. Robert Ziegler was born in 2004. The World and Creation is a book by J.-K<mask>.The University of Delaware Press is in Newark. Almost all of the published work of Joris <mask> can be found on the website. Against The Grain, Project Gutenberg ebook, and L-bas, Project Gutenberg ebook, are also known as Rebours or Against Nature.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy%20Daines

Percy Daines

Percy Daines (29 November 1902 – 3 March 1957) was a British insurance agent and politician. He served as a Labour and Co-operative Party Member of Parliament for East Ham North from the 1945 general election until his death, and was on the national committee of the Co-operative Party. He was known for his opposition to Communism, and was described as "one of the most powerful back-benchers in the Labour Party". Insurance agent Daines' early career was spent as a fireman on the railways. In 1921 he became an insurance official working for the Co-operative Insurance Society; as such he was a member of both the National Union of Railwaymen and the National Union of Distributive and Allied Workers. Daines married his wife Lilian in 1923. During the Second World War, Daines served with the Royal Engineers. He also became a member of Enfield Urban District Council. His wife was also a councillor in Enfield and later became chairman of the council. East Ham North He was chosen as Labour Party candidate for East Ham North for the 1945 general election, and was sponsored by the Co-operative Party which was the political wing of the Co-operative movement and in alliance with the Labour Party. The constituency was held by the Conservatives with a narrow majority of 533, but in the circumstances of the election Daines had no difficulty in gaining the seat with a majority of 10,559. Daines spoke in a censure debate in December 1945, arguing that workers had shown unity during the war and would show it in peace if they had a social motive instead of a profit motive. He often contributed to debates on insurance issues, using his experience as an agent. In July 1946 he spoke in a debate on the introduction of bread rationing, claiming that the Master Bakers' Association was only opposing out of concern for their own profits. Assistant Whip In December 1946, Daines was appointed an Assistant Whip. This was an unpaid position, and did not prevent him from speaking in the House of Commons. He was a loyal supporter of a controversial decision to reduce the period of the National Service in the armed forces from 18 months to 12, in a speech in April 1947. However, he resigned his post as Assistant Whip just before the summer recess of that year. He remained loyal to the government when a fellow Labour MP opposed an order which allowed the Government to choose which jobs the unemployed should take; he look forward to further orders "dealing with rentiers and spivs". Capital punishment On foreign policy, Daines joined a group of left-wing Labour MPs in opposing the ending of the British mandate in Palestine without creating independent Jewish and Arab states in line with the United Nations partition plan. He supported a moratorium on capital punishment, and broke the whip to insist on disagreement with the House of Lords after the Government conceded to Lords opposition; he was later to be a sponsor of Sydney Silverman's bill to abolish the death penalty. Daines was a witness in a 1948 libel action brought by Bessie Braddock over a story in the Bolton Evening News claiming she had "danced a jig on the floor of the House" in "a sorry degradation of democratic government"; he said that Braddock appeared to cross the floor of the House reluctantly (Braddock lost the case). He asserted that he was speaking for the Co-operative movement in April 1949 when he opposed the Agricultural Marketing Bill, which he described as 'capitalist-syndicalist'. Daines supported an amendment to remove the veto of the Parliament of Northern Ireland on eventual reunification of Ireland in May 1949, against the Government whip. Dock strike With a constituency near the docks, Daines was brought into the 1949 unofficial dock strike. He denounced the strike as the product of a "wicked conspiracy cleverly rigged up", making it clear that the conspiracy was the work of the Communists. A week later he named the Communist secretary of the stevedore's union as using the power of the strike to further the claims of the Communist-controlled Canadian Seamen's Union. Resale price maintenance In June 1950, Daines seconded a motion calling for an end to resale price maintenance, arguing that price maintenance stopped the consumer benefiting from reduced production. He was an early supporter of reform of Parliamentary hours, speaking in July 1951 of how "fantastic and stupid" it was to discuss essential legislation at 7'o'clock in the morning. He faced a determined opponent at the 1951 election in the shape of Dundas Hamilton who had been an amateur boxer and wore boxing gloves to his adoption meeting. However, Daines was re-elected with his majority reduced to 7,359. In October 1952 he had some negative publicity when his wife obtained a decree nisi of divorce against him on grounds of his misconduct. Foreign policy At the 1953 Co-operative Party congress, Daines warned delegates against getting themselves into a "Munich mentality" which was thought to have helped persuade the congress to reject a motion calling for the abolition of national service. He spoke in a foreign policy debate in May 1953 regretting the tendency to anti-Americanism in the Labour Party, and said that the death of Stalin had not changed the policy of the Soviet Union. Daines was incensed when a Ministry of Defence booklet was published in February 1955 which revealed that British Communists had visited prisoner of war camps during the Korean War, and attempted to convert British troops to communism. He urged their prosecution, observing that men had been hanged for lesser crimes after the Second World War. Kim Philby When fellow Labour MP Marcus Lipton used Parliamentary privilege to name Kim Philby as the 'third man' in the spy ring involving Guy Burgess and Donald Maclean, Daines was concerned. He intervened on a speech by Lipton in the House of Commons on 7 November 1955 to observe that what Lipton had done was "tantamount to a charge against that gentleman" and ask him for the source of his information. Lipton declined to respond, and Daines then raised a point of order insisting that Philby was unable to defend himself and that Lipton "owes it to the House to give the source of his information, or should withdraw the charge". Suez Despite his opposition to the Soviet Union, Daines felt that the invasion of Suez was stopped by the ascendancy of the Soviets in the Middle East. He called on Prime Minister Anthony Eden to resign as he was discredited in America. Daines died suddenly in hospital at Southend in March 1957, aged 54. References External links 1902 births 1957 deaths Councillors in Greater London Labour Co-operative MPs for English constituencies UK MPs 1945–1950 UK MPs 1950–1951 UK MPs 1951–1955 UK MPs 1955–1959

<mask> (29 November 1902 – 3 March 1957) was a British insurance agent and politician. He served as a Labour and Co-operative Party Member of Parliament for East Ham North from the 1945 general election until his death, and was on the national committee of the Co-operative Party. He was known for his opposition to Communism, and was described as "one of the most powerful back-benchers in the Labour Party". Insurance agent <mask>' early career was spent as a fireman on the railways. In 1921 he became an insurance official working for the Co-operative Insurance Society; as such he was a member of both the National Union of Railwaymen and the National Union of Distributive and Allied Workers. <mask> married his wife Lilian in 1923. During the Second World War, <mask> served with the Royal Engineers.He also became a member of Enfield Urban District Council. His wife was also a councillor in Enfield and later became chairman of the council. East Ham North He was chosen as Labour Party candidate for East Ham North for the 1945 general election, and was sponsored by the Co-operative Party which was the political wing of the Co-operative movement and in alliance with the Labour Party. The constituency was held by the Conservatives with a narrow majority of 533, but in the circumstances of the election <mask> had no difficulty in gaining the seat with a majority of 10,559. <mask> spoke in a censure debate in December 1945, arguing that workers had shown unity during the war and would show it in peace if they had a social motive instead of a profit motive. He often contributed to debates on insurance issues, using his experience as an agent. In July 1946 he spoke in a debate on the introduction of bread rationing, claiming that the Master Bakers' Association was only opposing out of concern for their own profits.Assistant Whip In December 1946, <mask> was appointed an Assistant Whip. This was an unpaid position, and did not prevent him from speaking in the House of Commons. He was a loyal supporter of a controversial decision to reduce the period of the National Service in the armed forces from 18 months to 12, in a speech in April 1947. However, he resigned his post as Assistant Whip just before the summer recess of that year. He remained loyal to the government when a fellow Labour MP opposed an order which allowed the Government to choose which jobs the unemployed should take; he look forward to further orders "dealing with rentiers and spivs". Capital punishment On foreign policy, <mask> joined a group of left-wing Labour MPs in opposing the ending of the British mandate in Palestine without creating independent Jewish and Arab states in line with the United Nations partition plan. He supported a moratorium on capital punishment, and broke the whip to insist on disagreement with the House of Lords after the Government conceded to Lords opposition; he was later to be a sponsor of Sydney Silverman's bill to abolish the death penalty.<mask> was a witness in a 1948 libel action brought by Bessie Braddock over a story in the Bolton Evening News claiming she had "danced a jig on the floor of the House" in "a sorry degradation of democratic government"; he said that Braddock appeared to cross the floor of the House reluctantly (Braddock lost the case). He asserted that he was speaking for the Co-operative movement in April 1949 when he opposed the Agricultural Marketing Bill, which he described as 'capitalist-syndicalist'. Daines supported an amendment to remove the veto of the Parliament of Northern Ireland on eventual reunification of Ireland in May 1949, against the Government whip. Dock strike With a constituency near the docks, <mask> was brought into the 1949 unofficial dock strike. He denounced the strike as the product of a "wicked conspiracy cleverly rigged up", making it clear that the conspiracy was the work of the Communists. A week later he named the Communist secretary of the stevedore's union as using the power of the strike to further the claims of the Communist-controlled Canadian Seamen's Union. Resale price maintenance In June 1950, <mask> seconded a motion calling for an end to resale price maintenance, arguing that price maintenance stopped the consumer benefiting from reduced production.He was an early supporter of reform of Parliamentary hours, speaking in July 1951 of how "fantastic and stupid" it was to discuss essential legislation at 7'o'clock in the morning. He faced a determined opponent at the 1951 election in the shape of Dundas Hamilton who had been an amateur boxer and wore boxing gloves to his adoption meeting. However, <mask> was re-elected with his majority reduced to 7,359. In October 1952 he had some negative publicity when his wife obtained a decree nisi of divorce against him on grounds of his misconduct. Foreign policy At the 1953 Co-operative Party congress, Daines warned delegates against getting themselves into a "Munich mentality" which was thought to have helped persuade the congress to reject a motion calling for the abolition of national service. He spoke in a foreign policy debate in May 1953 regretting the tendency to anti-Americanism in the Labour Party, and said that the death of Stalin had not changed the policy of the Soviet Union. <mask> was incensed when a Ministry of Defence booklet was published in February 1955 which revealed that British Communists had visited prisoner of war camps during the Korean War, and attempted to convert British troops to communism.He urged their prosecution, observing that men had been hanged for lesser crimes after the Second World War. Kim Philby When fellow Labour MP Marcus Lipton used Parliamentary privilege to name Kim Philby as the 'third man' in the spy ring involving Guy Burgess and Donald Maclean, <mask> was concerned. He intervened on a speech by Lipton in the House of Commons on 7 November 1955 to observe that what Lipton had done was "tantamount to a charge against that gentleman" and ask him for the source of his information. Lipton declined to respond, and Daines then raised a point of order insisting that Philby was unable to defend himself and that Lipton "owes it to the House to give the source of his information, or should withdraw the charge". Suez Despite his opposition to the Soviet Union, <mask> felt that the invasion of Suez was stopped by the ascendancy of the Soviets in the Middle East. He called on Prime Minister Anthony Eden to resign as he was discredited in America. <mask> died suddenly in hospital at Southend in March 1957, aged 54.References External links 1902 births 1957 deaths Councillors in Greater London Labour Co-operative MPs for English constituencies UK MPs 1945–1950 UK MPs 1950–1951 UK MPs 1951–1955 UK MPs 1955–1959

<mask> was a British insurance agent and politician. He served as a Labour and Co-operative Party Member of Parliament for East Ham North from the 1945 general election until his death. One of the most powerful back-benchers in the Labour Party was known for his opposition to Communism. <mask> worked as a fireman on the railways. He was a member of both the National Union of Railwaymen and the National Union of Distributive and Allied Workers when he became an insurance official. <mask> married his wife in 1923. <mask> was a member of the Royal Engineers during the Second World War.He became a member of the council. His wife was the chairman of the council. He was the Labour Party candidate for East Ham North in the 1945 general election, and was sponsored by the Co-operative Party, which was the political wing of the Co-operative movement. <mask> gained the seat with a majority of 10,559, even though the Conservatives held the seat with a narrow majority of 533. In December 1945, <mask> argued in a censure debate that workers had shown unity during the war and would show it in peace if they had a social motive. He used his experience as an agent to contribute to debates on insurance issues. He claimed that the Master Bakers' Association was only opposing bread rationing out of concern for their own profits.<mask> was an assistant whip. He was able to speak in the House of Commons because of this position. He was a supporter of the decision to reduce the period of National Service in the armed forces from 18 months to 12. Before the summer recess of that year, he resigned his post as assistant whip. He was loyal to the government when a fellow Labour MP opposed an order which allowed the Government to choose which jobs the unemployed should take. <mask> joined a group of left-wing Labour MPs in opposing the ending of the British mandate in Palestine without creating independent Jewish and Arab states in line with the United Nations partition plan. He was a sponsor of a bill to abolish the death penalty after breaking the whip because of his support for a moratorium on capital punishment.<mask> was a witness in a 1948 libel action brought by Braddock over a story that she had "danced a jig on the floor of the House" in a sorry degradation of democratic government. He claimed that he spoke for the Co-operative movement when he opposed the Agricultural Marketing Bill. <mask> supported an amendment to remove the veto of the Parliament of Northern Ireland on reunification of Ireland in May 1949. <mask> was brought into the 1949 unofficial dock strike by a constituency near the docks. He made it clear that the strike was the work of the Communists. He named the Communist secretary of the stevedore's union as using the power of the strike to further the claims of the Canadian Seamen's Union. In June 1950, <mask> supported a motion calling for an end to resale price maintenance.In July 1951, he spoke of how "fantastic and stupid" it was to discuss essential legislation at 7 o'clock in the morning. He faced a determined opponent at the 1951 election in the shape of Dundas Hamilton who had been an amateur boxer and wore boxing gloves to his adoption meeting. With his majority reduced, <mask> was re-elected. When his wife obtained a decree nisi of divorce against him, he had some negative publicity. <mask> warned delegates against getting into a "Munich mentality" which was thought to have helped persuade the congress to reject a motion calling for the abolition of national service. He regretted the tendency to anti-Americanism in the Labour Party and said that the death of Stalin had not changed the policy of the Soviet Union. When the Ministry of Defence booklet was published in 1955, it was revealed that British Communists had visited prisoner of war camps during the Korean War and tried to convert British troops to communism.After the Second World War, men were hanged for lesser crimes. Kim Philby was named as the third man in the spy ring when he was a Labour Member of Parliament. He asked Lipton for the source of his information after he interrupted a speech by him in the House of Commons. <mask> demanded that Philby give the source of his information, or the charge should be withdrawn, because he couldn't defend himself. Despite his opposition to the Soviet Union, <mask> felt that the invasion of Suez was stopped by the Soviets in the Middle East. He wanted the Prime Minister to resign because he was discredited in America. <mask> died suddenly in the hospital in 1957.There are External links to births and deaths.

296874

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Barth

John Barth

John Simmons Barth (; born May 27, 1930) is an American writer who is best known for his postmodernist and metafictional fiction. Life John Barth, called "Jack", was born in Cambridge, Maryland. He has an older brother, Bill, and a twin sister Jill. In 1947 he graduated from Cambridge High School, where he played drums and wrote for the school newspaper. He briefly studied "Elementary Theory and Advanced Orchestration" at Juilliard before attending Johns Hopkins University, where he received a B.A. in 1951 and an M.A. in 1952. His thesis novel, The Shirt of Nessus, drew on his experiences at Johns Hopkins. Barth married Harriet Anne Strickland on January 11, 1950. He published two short stories that same year, one in Johns Hopkins's student literary magazine and one in The Hopkins Review. His daughter, Christine Ann, was born in the summer of 1951. His son, John Strickland, was born the following year. From 1953 to 1965, Barth was a professor at Pennsylvania State University, where he met his second and current wife, Shelly Rosenberg. His third child, Daniel Stephen, was born in 1954. During the "American high Sixties", he moved to teach at the State University of New York at Buffalo from 1965 to 1973. In that period he came to know "the remarkable short fiction" of the Argentine Jorge Luis Borges, which inspired his collection Lost in the Funhouse. Barth later taught at Boston University as a visiting professor in 1972–73 and at Johns Hopkins University from 1973 until he retired in 1995. Literary work Barth began his career with The Floating Opera and The End of the Road, two short realist novels that deal wittily with controversial topics, suicide and abortion respectively. They are straightforward realistic tales; as Barth later remarked, they "didn't know they were novels". The Sot-Weed Factor (1960) was initially intended as the completing novel of a trilogy comprising his first two "realist" novels, but, as a consequence of Barth's maturation as a writer, it developed into a different project. The novel is significant as it marked Barth's discovery of postmodernism. Barth's next novel, Giles Goat-Boy (about 800 pages), is a speculative fiction based on the conceit of the university as universe. Giles, a boy raised as a goat, discovers his humanity and becomes a savior in a story presented as a computer tape given to Barth, who denied that it was his work. In the course of the novel Giles carries out all the tasks prescribed by Joseph Campbell in The Hero with a Thousand Faces. Barth kept a list of the tasks taped to his wall while he was writing the book. The short story collection Lost in the Funhouse (1968) and the novella collection Chimera (1972) are even more metafictional than their two predecessors, foregrounding the writing process and presenting achievements such as a seven-deep nested quotation. Chimera shared the U.S. National Book Award for Fiction. In the novel LETTERS (1979), Barth interacts with characters from his first six books. His 1994 Once Upon a Time: A Floating Opera, reuses stock characters, stock situations and formulas. Styles, approaches and artistic criteria Barth's work is characterized by a historical awareness of literary tradition and by the practice of rewriting typical of postmodernism. He said, "I don't know what my view of history is, but insofar as it involves some allowance for repetition and recurrence, reorchestration, and reprise [...] I would always want it to be more in the form of a thing circling out and out and becoming more inclusive each time." In Barth's postmodern sensibility, parody is a central device. Around 1972, in an interview, Barth declared that "The process [of making a novel] is the content, more or less." Barth's fiction continues to maintain a precarious balance between postmodern self-consciousness and wordplay and the sympathetic characterization and "page-turning" plotting commonly associated with more traditional genres and subgenres of classic and contemporary storytelling. Essays While writing these books, Barth was also pondering and discussing the theoretical problems of fiction writing. In 1967, he wrote a highly influential and, to some, controversial essay considered a manifesto of postmodernism, The Literature of Exhaustion (first printed in The Atlantic, 1967). It depicts literary realism as a "used-up" tradition; Barth's description of his own work, which many thought illustrated a core trait of postmodernism, is "novels which imitate the form of a novel, by an author who imitates the role of author". The essay was widely considered a statement of "the death of the novel", (compare with Roland Barthes' "The Death of the Author"). Barth has since insisted that he was merely making clear that a particular stage in history was passing, and pointing to possible directions from there. He later (1980) wrote a follow-up essay, "The Literature of Replenishment", to clarify the point. Awards 1956 — National Book Award finalist for The Floating Opera 1966 — National Institute of Arts and Letters grant in literature 1965 — The Brandeis University creative arts award in fiction 1965-66 — The Rockefeller Foundation grant in fiction 1968 — Nominated for the National Book Award for Lost in the Funhouse 1973 — Shared the National Book Award for Chimera with John Edward Williams for Augustus 1974 — Elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters 1974 — Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 1997 — F. Scott Fitzgerald Award for Outstanding Achievement in American Fiction 1998 — Lannan Foundation Lifetime Achievement Award 1998 — PEN/Malamud Award for Excellence in the Short Story 1999 — Enoch Pratt Society's Lifetime Achievement in Letters Award 2008 — Roozi Rozegari, Iranian literature prize for best foreign work translation The Floating Opera Selected works Fiction The Floating Opera (1956) The End of the Road (1958) The Sot-Weed Factor (1960) Giles Goat-Boy, or, The Revised New Syllabus (1966) Lost in the Funhouse: Fiction for Print, Tape, Live Voice (stories) (1968) Chimera (three linked novellas) (1972) LETTERS (1979) Sabbatical: A Romance (1982) The Tidewater Tales (1987) The Last Voyage of Somebody the Sailor (1991) Once Upon a Time: A Floating Opera (memoirish novel) (1994) On with the Story (stories) (1996) Coming Soon!!!: A Narrative (2001) The Book of Ten Nights and a Night: Eleven Stories (2004) Where Three Roads Meet (three linked novellas) (2005) The Development: Nine Stories (2008) Every Third Thought: A Novel in Five Seasons (2011) Collected Stories (2015) Nonfiction The Friday Book (1984) Further Fridays (1995) Final Fridays (2012) See also Maryland literature Notes and references Further reading Rovit, Earl, "The Novel as Parody: John Barth." Critique 6 (Fall 1963). Dean, Gabrielle, and Charles B. Harris, eds. (2016). John Barth: A Body of Words. Dalkey Archive Press. 978-1-56478-869-6 External links Vida, Obra y Libros usados de John Barth North American Postmodern Fiction: John Barth Barth audio goodies at the Lannan site Barth on KCRW's radio program 'Bookworm' with Michael Silverblatt click!, a short story by John Barth centered on hypertextuality National Book Awards Acceptance Speech 20th-century American novelists 20th-century American male writers American short story writers Postmodern writers Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters National Book Award winners People from Cambridge, Maryland Novelists from Maryland Boston University faculty Johns Hopkins University alumni Johns Hopkins University faculty Juilliard School alumni Pennsylvania State University faculty University at Buffalo faculty PEN/Malamud Award winners 1930 births Living people 21st-century American novelists American male novelists American male short story writers Novelists from Pennsylvania Novelists from Massachusetts Novelists from New York (state) 21st-century American male writers

<mask> (; born May 27, 1930) is an American writer who is best known for his postmodernist and metafictional fiction. Life <mask>, called "Jack", was born in Cambridge, Maryland. He has an older brother, Bill, and a twin sister Jill. In 1947 he graduated from Cambridge High School, where he played drums and wrote for the school newspaper. He briefly studied "Elementary Theory and Advanced Orchestration" at Juilliard before attending Johns Hopkins University, where he received a B.A. in 1951 and an M.A. in 1952.His thesis novel, The Shirt of Nessus, drew on his experiences at Johns Hopkins. <mask> married Harriet Anne Strickland on January 11, 1950. He published two short stories that same year, one in Johns Hopkins's student literary magazine and one in The Hopkins Review. His daughter, Christine Ann, was born in the summer of 1951. His son, <mask>, was born the following year. From 1953 to 1965, <mask> was a professor at Pennsylvania State University, where he met his second and current wife, Shelly Rosenberg. His third child, Daniel Stephen, was born in 1954.During the "American high Sixties", he moved to teach at the State University of New York at Buffalo from 1965 to 1973. In that period he came to know "the remarkable short fiction" of the Argentine Jorge Luis Borges, which inspired his collection Lost in the Funhouse. <mask> later taught at Boston University as a visiting professor in 1972–73 and at Johns Hopkins University from 1973 until he retired in 1995. Literary work <mask> began his career with The Floating Opera and The End of the Road, two short realist novels that deal wittily with controversial topics, suicide and abortion respectively. They are straightforward realistic tales; as <mask> later remarked, they "didn't know they were novels". The Sot-Weed Factor (1960) was initially intended as the completing novel of a trilogy comprising his first two "realist" novels, but, as a consequence of <mask>'s maturation as a writer, it developed into a different project. The novel is significant as it marked <mask>'s discovery of postmodernism.<mask>'s next novel, Giles Goat-Boy (about 800 pages), is a speculative fiction based on the conceit of the university as universe. Giles, a boy raised as a goat, discovers his humanity and becomes a savior in a story presented as a computer tape given to Barth, who denied that it was his work. In the course of the novel Giles carries out all the tasks prescribed by Joseph Campbell in The Hero with a Thousand Faces. Barth kept a list of the tasks taped to his wall while he was writing the book. The short story collection Lost in the Funhouse (1968) and the novella collection Chimera (1972) are even more metafictional than their two predecessors, foregrounding the writing process and presenting achievements such as a seven-deep nested quotation. Chimera shared the U.S. National Book Award for Fiction. In the novel LETTERS (1979), Barth interacts with characters from his first six books.His 1994 Once Upon a Time: A Floating Opera, reuses stock characters, stock situations and formulas. Styles, approaches and artistic criteria <mask>'s work is characterized by a historical awareness of literary tradition and by the practice of rewriting typical of postmodernism. He said, "I don't know what my view of history is, but insofar as it involves some allowance for repetition and recurrence, reorchestration, and reprise [...] I would always want it to be more in the form of a thing circling out and out and becoming more inclusive each time." In <mask>'s postmodern sensibility, parody is a central device. Around 1972, in an interview, <mask> declared that "The process [of making a novel] is the content, more or less." <mask>'s fiction continues to maintain a precarious balance between postmodern self-consciousness and wordplay and the sympathetic characterization and "page-turning" plotting commonly associated with more traditional genres and subgenres of classic and contemporary storytelling. Essays While writing these books, Barth was also pondering and discussing the theoretical problems of fiction writing.In 1967, he wrote a highly influential and, to some, controversial essay considered a manifesto of postmodernism, The Literature of Exhaustion (first printed in The Atlantic, 1967). It depicts literary realism as a "used-up" tradition; <mask>'s description of his own work, which many thought illustrated a core trait of postmodernism, is "novels which imitate the form of a novel, by an author who imitates the role of author". The essay was widely considered a statement of "the death of the novel", (compare with <mask>' "The Death of the Author"). <mask> has since insisted that he was merely making clear that a particular stage in history was passing, and pointing to possible directions from there. He later (1980) wrote a follow-up essay, "The Literature of Replenishment", to clarify the point. : A Narrative (2001) The Book of Ten Nights and a Night: Eleven Stories (2004) Where Three Roads Meet (three linked novellas) (2005) The Development: Nine Stories (2008) Every Third Thought: A Novel in Five Seasons (2011) Collected Stories (2015) Nonfiction The Friday Book (1984) Further Fridays (1995) Final Fridays (2012) See also Maryland literature Notes and references Further reading Rovit, Earl, "The Novel as Parody: <mask>." Critique 6 (Fall 1963).Dean, Gabrielle, and Charles B. Harris, eds. (2016). <mask>: A Body of Words. Dalkey Archive Press. 978-1-56478-869-6 External links Vida, Obra y Libros usados de <mask>h North American Postmodern Fiction: <mask> Barth audio goodies at the Lannan site Barth on KCRW's radio program 'Bookworm' with Michael Silverblatt click!, a short story by <mask>h centered on hypertextuality National Book Awards Acceptance Speech 20th-century American novelists 20th-century American male writers American short story writers Postmodern writers Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters National Book Award winners People from Cambridge, Maryland Novelists from Maryland Boston University faculty Johns Hopkins University alumni Johns Hopkins University faculty Juilliard School alumni Pennsylvania State University faculty University at Buffalo faculty PEN/Malamud Award winners 1930 births Living people 21st-century American novelists American male novelists American male short story writers Novelists from Pennsylvania Novelists from Massachusetts Novelists from New York (state) 21st-century American male writers

<mask> is an American writer who is best known for his postmodernist and metafictional fiction. <mask> was born in Cambridge, Maryland. He has two siblings, Bill and a twin sister. He played drums and wrote for the school newspaper after graduating from Cambridge High School. He received a B.A. after briefly studying "Elementary Theory and Advanced Orchestration" at Juilliard. In 1951 and an M.A. In 1952.His thesis novel was based on his experiences at the school. The couple wed on January 11, 1950. He published two short stories in the same year. Christine Ann was born in the summer of 1951. His son was born a year later. Barth met his current wife at Pennsylvania State University, where he was a professor. Daniel Stephen was his third child.He taught at the State University of New York at Buffalo from 1966 to 1973. He was inspired by the short fiction of the ArgentineJorge Luis Borges, which inspired his collection Lost in the Funhouse. In 1972– 73, <mask> was a visiting professor at Boston University before he retired in 1995. The End of the Road and The Floating Opera were two short realist novels that dealt with controversial topics such as suicide and abortion. They are straightforward realistic tales and didn't know they were novels. As a consequence of <mask>'s maturing as a writer, The Sot-Weed Factor has evolved into a different project. The novel marked <mask>'s discovery of postmodernism.Giles Goat-Boy is a speculative fiction based on the idea of the university as universe. Giles, a boy raised as a goat, discovers his humanity and becomes a Savior in a story presented as a computer tape given to Barth, who denied that it was his work. In The Hero with a Thousand Faces, Joseph Campbell prescribed a number of tasks to be carried out by Giles. Barth taped a list of tasks to his wall while he was writing. The short story collection Lost in the Funhouse and the novella collection Chimera are even more metafictional than their two predecessors, foregrounding the writing process and presenting achievements such as a seven-deep nested quotation. The U.S. National Book Award was shared by Chimera. <mask> interacts with characters from his first six books in LETTERS.Once Upon a Time: A Floating Opera reuses stock characters, stock situations and formulas. <mask>'s work is characterized by a historical awareness of literary tradition and by the practice of rewriting typical of postmodernism. He said that he doesn't know what his view of history is, but that he would always want it to be more inclusive. Parody is a central device in <mask>'s postmodern thinking. <mask> said in an interview that the process of making a novel is more or less about the content. <mask>'s fiction has a precarious balance between postmodern self-consciousness and wordplay and the sympathetic characterization and "page-turning" plot commonly associated with more traditional genres. Barth was thinking about the problems of fiction writing while writing the essays.The Literature of Exhaustion was published in The Atlantic in 1967. <mask>'s description of his own work, which many thought illustrated a core trait of postmodernism, is "novels which imitate the form of a novel, by an author who imitates the role of author". The death of the novel was considered a statement by the essay. <mask> insisted that he was merely pointing to possible directions when he said that a stage in history was passing. He wrote "The Literature of Replenishment" to clarify the point. A Narrative (2001), The Book of Ten Nights and a Night: Eleven Stories 2004, Where Three Roads Meet (three linked novellas 2005), The Development: Nine Stories 2008, Every Third Thought: A Novel in Five Seasons 2011), Stories 2015, Nonfiction The Friday Book Collected Further Fridays (1995), and Final Fridays Critique 6 was published in 1963.Dean and Harris are authors. They did it in (2016). A body of words written by <mask>h. The Dalkey Archive Press. There are external links to <mask>'s audio goodies at the Lannan site.

20024623

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milkha%20Singh

Milkha Singh

Milkha Singh (20 November 1929 18 June 2021), also known as The Flying Sikh, was an Indian track and field sprinter who was introduced to the sport while serving in the Indian Army. He is the only athlete to win gold at 400 metres at the Asian Games as well as the Commonwealth Games. He also won gold medals in the 1958 and 1962 Asian Games. He represented India in the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome and the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. He was awarded the Padma Shri, India's fourth-highest civilian honour, in recognition of his sporting achievements. The race for which Singh was best remembered is his fourth-place finish in the 400 metres final at the 1960 Olympic Games, which he had entered as one of the favourites. He led the race till the 200m mark before easing off, allowing others to pass him. Various records were broken in the race, which required a photo-finish and saw American Otis Davis being declared the winner by one-hundredth of a second over German Carl Kaufmann. Singh's fourth-place time of 45.73 seconds was the Indian national record for almost 40 years. From beginnings that saw him orphaned and displaced during the Partition of India, Singh has become a sporting icon in his country. In 2008, journalist Rohit Brijnath described Singh as "the finest athlete India has ever produced". Singh died of COVID-19 complications on 18 June 2021 at the age of 91. Early life Milkha Singh was born on 20 November 1929 into a Rathore Rajput Sikh family. His birthplace was Govindpura, a village from Muzaffargarh city in Punjab Province, British India (now Muzaffargarh District, Pakistan). He was one of 15 siblings, eight of whom died before the Partition of India. He was orphaned during the Partition when his parents, a brother and two sisters were killed in the violence that ensued. He witnessed these killings. Escaping the troubles in Punjab, where killings of Hindus and Sikhs were continuing, by moving to Delhi, India, in 1947, Singh lived for a short time with the family of his married sister and was briefly imprisoned at Tihar jail for travelling on a train without a ticket. His sister, Ishvar, sold some jewellery to obtain his release. He spent some time at a refugee camp in Purana Qila and at a resettlement colony in Shahdara, both in Delhi. Singh became disenchanted with his life and considered becoming a dacoit but was instead persuaded by one of his brothers, Malkhan, to attempt recruitment to the Indian Army. He successfully gained entrance on his fourth attempt, in 1951, and while stationed at the Electrical Mechanical Engineering Centre in Secunderabad and he was introduced to athletics. He had run the 10km distance to and from school as a child and was selected by the army for special training in athletics after finishing sixth in a compulsory cross-country run for new recruits. Singh has acknowledged how the army introduced him to sport, saying that "I came from a remote village, I didn't know what running was, or the Olympics". International career Singh represented India in the 200m and 400m competitions of the 1956 Melbourne Olympic Games. His inexperience meant that he did not progress from the heat stages but a meeting with the eventual 400m champion at those Games, Charles Jenkins, both inspired him to greater things and provided him with information about training methods. In 1958, Singh set records for the 200m and 400m in the National Games of India, held at Cuttack, and also won gold medals in the same events at the Asian Games. He then won a gold medal in the 400m (440 yards at this time) competition at the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games with a time of 46.6 seconds. This latter achievement made him the first gold medalist at the Commonwealth Games from independent India. Before Vikas Gowda won the gold in 2014, Milkha was the only Indian male to have won an individual athletics gold medal at those Games. Singh was persuaded by Jawaharlal Nehru to set aside his memories of the Partition era to race successfully in 1960 against Abdul Khaliq in Pakistan, where a post-race comment by the then General Ayub Khan led to him acquiring the nickname of The Flying Sikh. Some sources say that he set a world record of 45.8 seconds in France, shortly before the Rome Olympics in the same year but the official report of the Games lists the record holder as Lou Jones, who ran 45.2 at Los Angeles in 1956. At those Olympics, he was involved in a close-run final race in the 400m competition, where he was placed fourth. Singh had beaten all the leading contenders other than Otis Davis, and a medal had been anticipated because of his good form. However, he made an error when leading the race at 250m, slowing down in the belief that his pace could not be sustained and looking round at his fellow competitors. Singh believes that these errors caused him to lose his medal opportunity and they are his "worst memory". Davis, Carl Kaufmann and Malcolm Spence all passed him, and a photo-finish resulted. Davis and Kaufman were both timed at a world-record breaking 44.9 seconds, while Spence and Singh went under the pre-Games Olympic record of 45.9 seconds, set in 1952 by George Rhoden and Herb McKenley, with times of 45.5 and 45.6 seconds, respectively. The Age noted in 2006 that "Milkha Singh is the only Indian to have broken an Olympic track record. Unfortunately he was the fourth man to do so in the same race" but the official Olympic report notes that Davis had already equalled the Rhoden/McKenley Olympic record in the quarter-finals and surpassed it with a time of 45.5 seconds in the semi-finals. At the 1962 Asian Games, held in Jakarta, Singh won gold in the 400m and in the 4 x 400m relay. He attended the 1964 Olympic Games in Tokyo, where he was entered to compete in the 400m, the 4 x 100m relay and the 4 x 400m relay. He did not take part in either the 400m or the 4 x 100m relay and the Indian team of Milkha Singh, Makhan Singh, Amrit Pal and Ajmer Singh were eliminated when they finished fourth in the heat stages of the 4 x 400m. There have been claims that Singh won 77 of his 80 races, but these are spurious. The number of races in which he participated is not verified, nor is the number of victories, but he lost a 400m race at the 1964 National Games in Calcutta to Makhan Singh and he did not finish first in any of his four races at the 1960 Olympic Games or the aforementioned qualification races at the 1956 Olympics. Singh's time in the 1960 Olympics 400m final, which was run on a cinder track, set a national record that stood until 1998 when Paramjit Singh exceeded it on a synthetic track and with fully automatic timing that recorded 45.70 seconds. Although Singh's Olympic result of 45.6 seconds had been hand-timed, an electronic system at those Games had determined his record to be 45.73. Later life Singh was promoted from the rank of sepoy to junior commissioned officer in recognition of his successes in the 1958 Asian Games. He subsequently became Director of Sports in Punjab Ministry of Education, a post he retired from in 1998. Singh was awarded the Padma Shri, India's fourth-highest civilian award, following his success in 1958. In 2001, he turned down an offer of the Arjuna Award from the Indian government, arguing that it was intended to recognise young sports people and not those such as him. He also thought that the Award was being inappropriately given to people who had little notable involvement as active sports people at all. He said that "I have been clubbed with sportspersons who are nowhere near the level that I had achieved" and that the award had become devalued. While sharing his experience in a college in Goa in 2014, he stated, "The awards nowadays are distributed like 'prasad' in a temple. Why should one be honoured when he or she has not achieved the benchmark for the award? I rejected the Arjuna I was offered after I received the Padma Shri. It was like being offered an SSC [secondary school] certificate after securing a Masters degree." All of Singh's medals have been donated to the nation. They were displayed at the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium in New Delhi and later moved to a sports museum in Patiala, where a pair of running shoes that he wore in Rome are also displayed. In 2012, he donated the Adidas shoes that he had worn in the 1960 400m final to be sold in a charity auction organised by actor Rahul Bose. Singh was admitted to the intensive care unit at Fortis Hospital in Mohali on 24 May 2021 with pneumonia caused by COVID-19. His condition was, for a while, described as stable, but he died on 18 June 2021 at 11:30pm in Chandigarh. His wife, Nirmal Saini, had died a few days earlier on 13 June 2021, also due to COVID-19. Singh was laid on his funeral pyre with a photo of his wife in his hands. Media and popular culture Singh and his daughter, Sonia Sanwalka, co-wrote his autobiography, titled The Race of My Life. It was published in 2013. The book inspired Bhaag Milkha Bhaag, a 2013 biographical film of Singh's life. The film is directed by Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra, and stars Farhan Akhtar in the title role, with Sonam Kapoor, Meesha Shafi and Divya Dutta in female lead roles. The film was widely acclaimed in India and won awards including the National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment at the National Film Awards, and 5 awards at the International Indian Film Academy Awards in 2014. The film made over crores. Singh sold the movie rights for one rupee but inserted a clause stating that a share of the profits would be given to the Milkha Singh Charitable Trust. The Trust was founded in 2003 with the aim of assisting poor and needy sportspeople. In September 2017, Singh's wax statue – created by sculptors of Madame Tussauds in London – was unveiled at Chandigarh. It depicts Singh in running posture during his victorious run at the 1958 Commonwealth Games. The statue is placed at Madame Tussauds museum in New Delhi, India. After winning India's first track and field gold medal at the 2020 Olympics, Neeraj Chopra dedicated his victory to Singh. Personal life , Singh lived in Chandigarh. He met Nirmal Saini, a former captain of the Indian women's volleyball team in Ceylon in 1955; they married in 1962 and had three daughters and a son, the golfer Jeev Milkha Singh. In 1999, they adopted the seven-year-old son of Havildar Bikram Singh, who had died in the Battle of Tiger Hill. Records and honours Awards Honours Bibliography Biopic - Bhaag Milkha Bhaag Notes References External links Milkha Singh at Punjabipedia Sports and Achievements, Indian Army. 1929 births 2021 deaths Indian male sprinters Olympic athletes of India Athletes (track and field) at the 1960 Summer Olympics Indian Sikhs Recipients of the Padma Shri in sports Asian Games gold medalists for India Punjabi people Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics Commonwealth Games gold medallists for India Asian Games medalists in athletics (track and field) Athletes (track and field) at the 1958 Asian Games Athletes (track and field) at the 1962 Asian Games People from Muzaffargarh District Athletes (track and field) at the 1964 Summer Olympics Athletes (track and field) at the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games Athletes (track and field) at the 1956 Summer Olympics Medalists at the 1958 Asian Games Medalists at the 1962 Asian Games Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in India

<mask> (20 November 1929 18 June 2021), also known as The Flying Sikh, was an Indian track and field sprinter who was introduced to the sport while serving in the Indian Army. He is the only athlete to win gold at 400 metres at the Asian Games as well as the Commonwealth Games. He also won gold medals in the 1958 and 1962 Asian Games. He represented India in the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome and the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. He was awarded the Padma Shri, India's fourth-highest civilian honour, in recognition of his sporting achievements. The race for which <mask> was best remembered is his fourth-place finish in the 400 metres final at the 1960 Olympic Games, which he had entered as one of the favourites. He led the race till the 200m mark before easing off, allowing others to pass him.Various records were broken in the race, which required a photo-finish and saw American Otis Davis being declared the winner by one-hundredth of a second over German Carl Kaufmann. <mask>'s fourth-place time of 45.73 seconds was the Indian national record for almost 40 years. From beginnings that saw him orphaned and displaced during the Partition of India, <mask> has become a sporting icon in his country. In 2008, journalist Rohit Brijnath described <mask> as "the finest athlete India has ever produced". <mask> died of COVID-19 complications on 18 June 2021 at the age of 91. Early life <mask> <mask> was born on 20 November 1929 into a Rathore Rajput Sikh family. His birthplace was Govindpura, a village from Muzaffargarh city in Punjab Province, British India (now Muzaffargarh District, Pakistan).He was one of 15 siblings, eight of whom died before the Partition of India. He was orphaned during the Partition when his parents, a brother and two sisters were killed in the violence that ensued. He witnessed these killings. Escaping the troubles in Punjab, where killings of Hindus and Sikhs were continuing, by moving to Delhi, India, in 1947, <mask> lived for a short time with the family of his married sister and was briefly imprisoned at Tihar jail for travelling on a train without a ticket. His sister, Ishvar, sold some jewellery to obtain his release. He spent some time at a refugee camp in Purana Qila and at a resettlement colony in Shahdara, both in Delhi. <mask> became disenchanted with his life and considered becoming a dacoit but was instead persuaded by one of his brothers, Malkhan, to attempt recruitment to the Indian Army.He successfully gained entrance on his fourth attempt, in 1951, and while stationed at the Electrical Mechanical Engineering Centre in Secunderabad and he was introduced to athletics. He had run the 10km distance to and from school as a child and was selected by the army for special training in athletics after finishing sixth in a compulsory cross-country run for new recruits. <mask> has acknowledged how the army introduced him to sport, saying that "I came from a remote village, I didn't know what running was, or the Olympics". International career <mask> represented India in the 200m and 400m competitions of the 1956 Melbourne Olympic Games. His inexperience meant that he did not progress from the heat stages but a meeting with the eventual 400m champion at those Games, Charles Jenkins, both inspired him to greater things and provided him with information about training methods. In 1958, <mask> set records for the 200m and 400m in the National Games of India, held at Cuttack, and also won gold medals in the same events at the Asian Games. He then won a gold medal in the 400m (440 yards at this time) competition at the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games with a time of 46.6 seconds.This latter achievement made him the first gold medalist at the Commonwealth Games from independent India. Before Vikas Gowda won the gold in 2014, <mask> was the only Indian male to have won an individual athletics gold medal at those Games. <mask> was persuaded by Jawaharlal Nehru to set aside his memories of the Partition era to race successfully in 1960 against Abdul Khaliq in Pakistan, where a post-race comment by the then General Ayub Khan led to him acquiring the nickname of The Flying Sikh. Some sources say that he set a world record of 45.8 seconds in France, shortly before the Rome Olympics in the same year but the official report of the Games lists the record holder as Lou Jones, who ran 45.2 at Los Angeles in 1956. At those Olympics, he was involved in a close-run final race in the 400m competition, where he was placed fourth. <mask> had beaten all the leading contenders other than Otis Davis, and a medal had been anticipated because of his good form. However, he made an error when leading the race at 250m, slowing down in the belief that his pace could not be sustained and looking round at his fellow competitors.<mask> believes that these errors caused him to lose his medal opportunity and they are his "worst memory". Davis, Carl Kaufmann and Malcolm Spence all passed him, and a photo-finish resulted. Davis and Kaufman were both timed at a world-record breaking 44.9 seconds, while Spence and <mask> went under the pre-Games Olympic record of 45.9 seconds, set in 1952 by George Rhoden and Herb McKenley, with times of 45.5 and 45.6 seconds, respectively. The Age noted in 2006 that "<mask> <mask> is the only Indian to have broken an Olympic track record. Unfortunately he was the fourth man to do so in the same race" but the official Olympic report notes that Davis had already equalled the Rhoden/McKenley Olympic record in the quarter-finals and surpassed it with a time of 45.5 seconds in the semi-finals. At the 1962 Asian Games, held in Jakarta, <mask> won gold in the 400m and in the 4 x 400m relay. He attended the 1964 Olympic Games in Tokyo, where he was entered to compete in the 400m, the 4 x 100m relay and the 4 x 400m relay.He did not take part in either the 400m or the 4 x 100m relay and the Indian team of <mask> <mask>, Makhan <mask>, Amrit Pal and Ajmer <mask> were eliminated when they finished fourth in the heat stages of the 4 x 400m. There have been claims that <mask> won 77 of his 80 races, but these are spurious. The number of races in which he participated is not verified, nor is the number of victories, but he lost a 400m race at the 1964 National Games in Calcutta to Makhan <mask> and he did not finish first in any of his four races at the 1960 Olympic Games or the aforementioned qualification races at the 1956 Olympics. <mask>'s time in the 1960 Olympics 400m final, which was run on a cinder track, set a national record that stood until 1998 when Paramjit <mask> exceeded it on a synthetic track and with fully automatic timing that recorded 45.70 seconds. Although <mask>'s Olympic result of 45.6 seconds had been hand-timed, an electronic system at those Games had determined his record to be 45.73. Later life <mask> was promoted from the rank of sepoy to junior commissioned officer in recognition of his successes in the 1958 Asian Games. He subsequently became Director of Sports in Punjab Ministry of Education, a post he retired from in 1998.<mask> was awarded the Padma Shri, India's fourth-highest civilian award, following his success in 1958. In 2001, he turned down an offer of the Arjuna Award from the Indian government, arguing that it was intended to recognise young sports people and not those such as him. He also thought that the Award was being inappropriately given to people who had little notable involvement as active sports people at all. He said that "I have been clubbed with sportspersons who are nowhere near the level that I had achieved" and that the award had become devalued. While sharing his experience in a college in Goa in 2014, he stated, "The awards nowadays are distributed like 'prasad' in a temple. Why should one be honoured when he or she has not achieved the benchmark for the award? I rejected the Arjuna I was offered after I received the Padma Shri.It was like being offered an SSC [secondary school] certificate after securing a Masters degree." All of <mask>'s medals have been donated to the nation. They were displayed at the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium in New Delhi and later moved to a sports museum in Patiala, where a pair of running shoes that he wore in Rome are also displayed. In 2012, he donated the Adidas shoes that he had worn in the 1960 400m final to be sold in a charity auction organised by actor Rahul Bose. <mask> was admitted to the intensive care unit at Fortis Hospital in Mohali on 24 May 2021 with pneumonia caused by COVID-19. His condition was, for a while, described as stable, but he died on 18 June 2021 at 11:30pm in Chandigarh. His wife, Nirmal Saini, had died a few days earlier on 13 June 2021, also due to COVID-19.<mask> was laid on his funeral pyre with a photo of his wife in his hands. Media and popular culture <mask> and his daughter, Sonia Sanwalka, co-wrote his autobiography, titled The Race of My Life. It was published in 2013. The book inspired Bhaag Milkha Bhaag, a 2013 biographical film of <mask>'s life. The film is directed by Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra, and stars Farhan Akhtar in the title role, with Sonam Kapoor, Meesha Shafi and Divya Dutta in female lead roles. The film was widely acclaimed in India and won awards including the National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment at the National Film Awards, and 5 awards at the International Indian Film Academy Awards in 2014. The film made over crores.<mask> sold the movie rights for one rupee but inserted a clause stating that a share of the profits would be given to the Milkha Singh Charitable Trust. The Trust was founded in 2003 with the aim of assisting poor and needy sportspeople. In September 2017, <mask>'s wax statue – created by sculptors of Madame Tussauds in London – was unveiled at Chandigarh. It depicts <mask> in running posture during his victorious run at the 1958 Commonwealth Games. The statue is placed at Madame Tussauds museum in New Delhi, India. After winning India's first track and field gold medal at the 2020 Olympics, Neeraj Chopra dedicated his victory to <mask>. Personal life , <mask> lived in Chandigarh.He met Nirmal Saini, a former captain of the Indian women's volleyball team in Ceylon in 1955; they married in 1962 and had three daughters and a son, the golfer Jeev <mask> <mask>. In 1999, they adopted the seven-year-old son of Havildar Bikram <mask>, who had died in the Battle of Tiger Hill. Records and honours Awards Honours Bibliography Biopic - Bhaag Milkha Bhaag Notes References External links <mask> <mask> at Punjabipedia Sports and Achievements, Indian Army. 1929 births 2021 deaths Indian male sprinters Olympic athletes of India Athletes (track and field) at the 1960 Summer Olympics Indian Sikhs Recipients of the Padma Shri in sports Asian Games gold medalists for India Punjabi people Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics Commonwealth Games gold medallists for India Asian Games medalists in athletics (track and field) Athletes (track and field) at the 1958 Asian Games Athletes (track and field) at the 1962 Asian Games People from Muzaffargarh District Athletes (track and field) at the 1964 Summer Olympics Athletes (track and field) at the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games Athletes (track and field) at the 1956 Summer Olympics Medalists at the 1958 Asian Games Medalists at the 1962 Asian Games Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in India

<mask>, also known as The Flying Sikh, was an Indian track and field sprinter who was introduced to the sport while serving in the Indian Army. He is the only athlete to win a gold medal in the 400 metres at both the Asian Games and the Commonwealth Games. He won two gold medals in the Asian Games. He represented India in the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome and the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. He received India's fourth-highest civilian honor for his sporting achievements. <mask>'s fourth-place finish in the 400 metres final at the 1960 Olympic Games is remembered the most because he was one of the favorites. He led the race until the 200m mark and then allowed others to pass him.American Otis Davis was declared the winner by one-hundredth of a second after a photo finish in the race. <mask>'s fourth-place time was the Indian national record for almost 40 years. <mask> has become a sporting icon in his country after being orphan and displaced during the Partition of India. <mask> was described as the finest athlete India has ever produced by a journalist. <mask> died of COVID-19 complications at the age of 91. <mask> <mask> was born into a Sikh family in 1929. His birthplace was a village in Punjab Province, British India.He was one of eight siblings who died before the partition of India. When the partition happened, his parents, brother and two sisters were killed. These killings were witnessed by him. After escaping the troubles in Punjab, where killings of Hindus and Sikhs were continuing, <mask> lived in Delhi, India, for a short time with his sister's family and was briefly imprisoned for travelling on a train without a ticket. Ishvar sold jewelry to get his release. He was at a refugee camp in Purana Qila and a colony of resettling in Shahdara in Delhi. <mask> contemplated becoming a dacoit but was persuaded to join the Indian Army by his brother Malkhan.While stationed at the Electrical Mechanical Engineering Centre in Secunderabad, he was introduced to athletics and gained entrance on his fourth attempt. He was selected by the army for special training in athletics after finishing sixth in a compulsory cross-country run for new recruits. <mask> said that he didn't know what running was or the Olympics were when he was introduced to sport by the army. <mask> was from India and competed in the 200m and 400m at the Olympics. His inexperience meant that he did not progress from the heat stages but a meeting with the eventual 400m champion at those Games inspired him to greater things and provided him with information about training methods. <mask> set records for the 200m and 400m in the National Games of India, held at Cuttack, and also won gold medals in the same events at the Asian Games. He won a gold medal in the 400m at the British Empire and Commonwealth Games with a time of 46.6 seconds.He was the first gold medal winner from India at the Commonwealth Games. <mask> was the only Indian male to have won an individual athletics gold medal at the Olympics. <mask> was persuaded by Jawaharlal Nehru to forget about the Partition era and race in 1960 against Abdul Khaliq in Pakistan in order to get the nickname of The Flying Sikh. According to some sources, he set a world record of 45.8 seconds in France shortly before the Rome Olympics in the same year, but the official report of the Games lists the record holder as Lou Jones, who ran 45.2 at Los Angeles in 1956. He was in fourth place in the 400m final at the Olympics. <mask> was expected to win a medal because of his good form. He made an error when leading the race at 250m, slowing down in the belief that his pace could not be sustained.<mask> believes that the errors caused him to lose his medal opportunity. The photo-finish happened when Davis, Carl, and Malcolm passed him. Davis and Kaufman were both timed at a world-record breaking 44.9 seconds, while Spence and <mask> were both timed at a pre-Games Olympic record of 45.9 seconds. <mask> <mask> is the only Indian to have broken an Olympic track record. Unfortunately he was the fourth man to do so in the same race, but he had already equalled the Rhoden/McKenley Olympic record in the quarter-finals and surpassed it with a time of 45.5 seconds in the semi-finals. <mask> won gold in the 400m and in the 4 x 400m relay at the 1962 Asian Games. He competed in the 400m, the 4 x 100m relay and the 4 x 400m relay at the 1964 Olympics in Tokyo.He did not take part in the 400m or the 4 x 100m relay and the Indian team of <mask> <mask>, Makhan <mask>, Amrit Pal and Ajmer <mask> were eliminated when they finished fourth in the heat stages of the 4 x 400m. There are spurious claims that <mask> won 77 races. He lost a 400m race at the 1964 National Games in Calcutta to Makhan <mask> and he did not finish first in any of his four races at the 1960 Olympic Games. <mask>'s time in the 1960 Olympics 400m final, which was run on a cinder track, set a national record that stood until 1998 when Paramjit <mask> exceeded it on a synthetic track and with fully automatic timing that recorded 45.70 seconds. The electronic system that determined <mask>'s record at the Olympics had 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 Singh was promoted to junior commissioned officer after his success in the Asian Games. He retired from his post as Director of Sports in the Punjab Ministry of Education in 1998.<mask> was awarded the fourth highest civilian award in India after his success. He turned down an offer of the Arjuna Award from the Indian government in 2001 because it was intended for young sports people. He thought that the Award was being given to people who had little involvement in sports at all. He said that he had been clubbed with sportspersons who were nowhere near the level that he had achieved. He said that the awards nowadays are distributed in a temple. Shouldn't one be honoured if they haven't achieved the benchmark for the award? I was offered the Arjuna, but I turned it down.After securing a Masters degree, it was like being offered a secondary school certificate. <mask> donated his medals to the nation. A pair of running shoes that he wore in Rome are on display in a sports museum in Patiala, where they were displayed at the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium in New Delhi. He donated the shoes he wore in the 400m final in 1960 to be sold in a charity auction. <mask> was admitted to the intensive care unit at Fortis Hospital in Mohali on May 24, 2021. His condition was described as stable for a while, but he died at 11:30pm. His wife died a few days later on 13 June 2021, due to COVID-19.<mask> had a photo of his wife in his hands as he was laid to rest. <mask> and his daughter wrote a book called The Race of My Life. It was published a few years ago. Bhaag Milkha Bhaag is a biographical film about <mask>. The film features four female lead roles and is directed by Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra. The film won several awards in India, including the National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment, and 5 awards at the International Indian Film Academy Awards. The film made a lot of money.The Milkha Singh Charitable Trust would get a share of the profits from <mask>'s sale of the movie rights. The aim of the Trust was to help the poor and needy. The wax statue of <mask> was created by Madame Tussauds in London. <mask> won the gold medal in the running event at the Commonwealth Games. There is a Madame Tussauds museum in New Delhi. After winning India's first track and field gold medal at the 2020 Olympics, he dedicated it to <mask>. <mask> lived in Chandigarh.He married a former captain of the Indian women's volleyball team in 1962, had three daughters and a son, and was a golfer. The seven-year-old son of Havildar Bikram <mask>, who died in the Battle of Tiger Hill, was adopted by them in 1999. <mask> <mask> is depicted in the biopic Bhaag Milkha Bhaag Notes References External links <mask> <mask> is depicted in the biopic Bhaag Milkha Bhaag Notes References External links <mask> <mask> is depicted in the biopic Bhaag Milkha Bhaag Notes References Indian male sprinters Olympic athletes of India Athletes (track and field) at the 1960 Summer Olympics have died.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex%20Gonzalez%20%28shortstop%2C%20born%201973%29

Alex Gonzalez (shortstop, born 1973)

Alexander Scott Gonzalez (born April 8, 1973) is a former Major League Baseball infielder, who spent the majority of his 13-year career with the Toronto Blue Jays. Gonzalez established a career-high with 20 home runs for the Chicago Cubs in 2003 and hit 20 or more doubles eight times. He was regarded as a glove-first player, sporting lower-than-average batting average (career .243 hitter), on-base percentage (.302), and OPS (.694) while leading the American league twice in fielding percentage. At Killian High School in Miami, Florida, Gonzalez was an All-State pick in baseball as a senior. He was drafted straight out of high school in the 14th round of the 1991 Major League Baseball Draft by the Blue Jays. He is Cuban-American and was nicknamed "Gonzo" in order to tell the difference between him and the other Alex Gonzalez, who signed with the Blue Jays on November 26, 2009; coincidentally, they would face each other in the 2003 National League Championship Series between the Marlins and Cubs. Professional career Gonzalez began his pro baseball career in the minor leagues in 1991 with the Gulf Coast Blue Jays. The following season, he moved up to Single-A, playing for the Myrtle Beach Hurricanes in the Carolina League. He was named the MVP of the Hurricanes as they won the South Atlantic League Championship. The Blue Jays named him the recipient of the Howard Webster award in 1992. In 1993, he moved up in the minors to Double-A, spending the season with the Southern League's Knoxville Smokies. Gonzalez made the AA and AAA all star teams. In 1994, Gonzalez played in the Venezuelan professional league during winter ball playing in Barquisimeto where he was named to the All Star team. After making the major league team to begin 1994, Gonzalez batted .151 in 15 games and was sent down to Triple-A Syracuse at the end of April because of a hamstring injury. With Syracuse, Gonzalez batted .284 as he spent the rest of the season in the minors due to the major league strike and made the all star team. Gonzalez was the Blue Jays starting shortstop from 1995 to 2001. In 1999, his season was cut short after starting with a .290 batting average due to a torn labrum in his throwing arm. Dr. James Andrews performed surgery in August and, after a six-month rehab, he returned to the Blue Jays as their starting shortstop. Throughout his career, Gonzalez averaged around .250 with decent power for a middle infielder, but was unable to hit for high average. He made up for the lack of average with good RBI production and solid defense. He finished his career with 536 RBI and 137 home runs. He led the American league twice in fielding percentage for shortstops and he holds the American league record for assists in one game with 13, and was ranked first in 1997 with Total Zone Runs as a SS with 13. After spending eight years with the Toronto Blue Jays, he was traded to the Chicago Cubs on December 21, 2001, for Félix Heredia and minor leaguer James Deschaine. Gonzalez had two of his best seasons as the Cubs starting shortstop from 2002 to 2003. In 2003, he hit a career-high 20 home runs and advanced to the postseason with the Cubs. Gonzalez's strong point in the postseason was his offense; he batted .275 and hit 4 home runs in 12 postseason games. During the Cubs' eighth inning collapse in Game 6 of the 2003 NLCS versus the Florida Marlins, which became infamous due to the Steve Bartman incident, Gonzalez committed a fielding error on a ground ball in the hole hit by Miguel Cabrera, contributing to the Marlins scoring seven runs, five unearned, afterward in that inning. On July 31, 2004, the day of the trading deadline, Gonzalez was dealt in a four-team trade to the Montreal Expos with the Cubs acquiring Boston's Nomar Garciaparra to play shortstop. After a brief stint with the Expos, he was sent as part of a conditional deal to the San Diego Padres on September 16. He became a free agent after the season and signed a one-year deal with the Tampa Bay Devil Rays for 2005 as a third baseman, making the switch from shortstop. Gonzalez had a productive year at 3B with the Devil Rays hitting .269 and playing good defensive 3B. After a brief, 2006 run with the Philadelphia Phillies, Gonzalez retired from baseball. However, he came out of retirement on January 12, 2007, signing a minor league contract with the Kansas City Royals. But despite a strong showing in spring training during which he batted over .400, Gonzalez failed to make the Royals' 25-man roster prior to the 2007 season, and exercised his right to become a free agent. Shortly thereafter, he signed a minor league contract with the Washington Nationals and played 5 games for Triple-A Columbus before his release. Post-playing career Gonzalez attended the University of Phoenix online and obtained a degree in business management. He is a principal at Miami Sports Management representing players in contract negotiations. He resides in Miami with his wife and children. Acting Gonzalez appeared "as himself" in an episode of Ken Finkleman's satirical CBC comedy The Newsroom in 1997. Gonzalez has worked as an analyst for NBC Sports and MLB Network covering season news and the World Baseball Classic. See also List of Cuban Americans References External links Alex Gonzalez at Pura Pelota (Venezuelan Professional Baseball League) 1973 births Living people American expatriate baseball players in Canada American people of Cuban descent Baseball players from Florida Cardenales de Lara players American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela Chicago Cubs players Columbus Clippers players Gulf Coast Blue Jays players Iowa Cubs players Knoxville Smokies players Major League Baseball shortstops Major League Baseball third basemen Montreal Expos players Myrtle Beach Hurricanes players NMJC Thunderbirds baseball players Philadelphia Phillies players San Diego Padres players Syracuse Chiefs players Syracuse SkyChiefs players Tampa Bay Devil Rays players Toronto Blue Jays players

<mask> (born April 8, 1973) is a former Major League Baseball infielder, who spent the majority of his 13-year career with the Toronto Blue Jays. <mask> established a career-high with 20 home runs for the Chicago Cubs in 2003 and hit 20 or more doubles eight times. He was regarded as a glove-first player, sporting lower-than-average batting average (career .243 hitter), on-base percentage (.302), and OPS (.694) while leading the American league twice in fielding percentage. At Killian High School in Miami, Florida, <mask> was an All-State pick in baseball as a senior. He was drafted straight out of high school in the 14th round of the 1991 Major League Baseball Draft by the Blue Jays. He is Cuban-American and was nicknamed "Gonzo" in order to tell the difference between him and the other <mask>, who signed with the Blue Jays on November 26, 2009; coincidentally, they would face each other in the 2003 National League Championship Series between the Marlins and Cubs. Professional career <mask> began his pro baseball career in the minor leagues in 1991 with the Gulf Coast Blue Jays.The following season, he moved up to Single-A, playing for the Myrtle Beach Hurricanes in the Carolina League. He was named the MVP of the Hurricanes as they won the South Atlantic League Championship. The Blue Jays named him the recipient of the Howard Webster award in 1992. In 1993, he moved up in the minors to Double-A, spending the season with the Southern League's Knoxville Smokies. <mask> made the AA and AAA all star teams. In 1994, <mask> played in the Venezuelan professional league during winter ball playing in Barquisimeto where he was named to the All Star team. After making the major league team to begin 1994, <mask> batted .151 in 15 games and was sent down to Triple-A Syracuse at the end of April because of a hamstring injury.With Syracuse, <mask> batted .284 as he spent the rest of the season in the minors due to the major league strike and made the all star team. <mask> was the Blue Jays starting shortstop from 1995 to 2001. In 1999, his season was cut short after starting with a .290 batting average due to a torn labrum in his throwing arm. Dr. James Andrews performed surgery in August and, after a six-month rehab, he returned to the Blue Jays as their starting shortstop. Throughout his career, <mask> averaged around .250 with decent power for a middle infielder, but was unable to hit for high average. He made up for the lack of average with good RBI production and solid defense. He finished his career with 536 RBI and 137 home runs.He led the American league twice in fielding percentage for shortstops and he holds the American league record for assists in one game with 13, and was ranked first in 1997 with Total Zone Runs as a SS with 13. After spending eight years with the Toronto Blue Jays, he was traded to the Chicago Cubs on December 21, 2001, for Félix Heredia and minor leaguer James Deschaine. <mask> had two of his best seasons as the Cubs starting shortstop from 2002 to 2003. In 2003, he hit a career-high 20 home runs and advanced to the postseason with the Cubs. <mask>'s strong point in the postseason was his offense; he batted .275 and hit 4 home runs in 12 postseason games. During the Cubs' eighth inning collapse in Game 6 of the 2003 NLCS versus the Florida Marlins, which became infamous due to the Steve Bartman incident, <mask> committed a fielding error on a ground ball in the hole hit by Miguel Cabrera, contributing to the Marlins scoring seven runs, five unearned, afterward in that inning. On July 31, 2004, the day of the trading deadline, <mask> was dealt in a four-team trade to the Montreal Expos with the Cubs acquiring Boston's Nomar Garciaparra to play shortstop.After a brief stint with the Expos, he was sent as part of a conditional deal to the San Diego Padres on September 16. He became a free agent after the season and signed a one-year deal with the Tampa Bay Devil Rays for 2005 as a third baseman, making the switch from shortstop. <mask> had a productive year at 3B with the Devil Rays hitting .269 and playing good defensive 3B. After a brief, 2006 run with the Philadelphia Phillies, <mask> retired from baseball. However, he came out of retirement on January 12, 2007, signing a minor league contract with the Kansas City Royals. But despite a strong showing in spring training during which he batted over .400, <mask> failed to make the Royals' 25-man roster prior to the 2007 season, and exercised his right to become a free agent. Shortly thereafter, he signed a minor league contract with the Washington Nationals and played 5 games for Triple-A Columbus before his release.Post-playing career <mask> attended the University of Phoenix online and obtained a degree in business management. He is a principal at Miami Sports Management representing players in contract negotiations. He resides in Miami with his wife and children. Acting <mask> appeared "as himself" in an episode of Ken Finkleman's satirical CBC comedy The Newsroom in 1997. <mask> has worked as an analyst for NBC Sports and MLB Network covering season news and the World Baseball Classic. See also List of Cuban Americans References External links <mask> at Pura Pelota (Venezuelan Professional Baseball League) 1973 births Living people American expatriate baseball players in Canada American people of Cuban descent Baseball players from Florida Cardenales de Lara players American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela Chicago Cubs players Columbus Clippers players Gulf Coast Blue Jays players Iowa Cubs players Knoxville Smokies players Major League Baseball shortstops Major League Baseball third basemen Montreal Expos players Myrtle Beach Hurricanes players NMJC Thunderbirds baseball players Philadelphia Phillies players San Diego Padres players Syracuse Chiefs players Syracuse SkyChiefs players Tampa Bay Devil Rays players Toronto Blue Jays players

<mask> is a former Major League Baseball infielder who spent the majority of his 13-year career with the Toronto Blue Jays. <mask> hit a career-high 20 home runs for the Chicago Cubs in 2003 and also hit 20 or more doubles eight times. He was regarded as a glove-first player, with a career batting average of.243, on-base percentage of.302, and OPS of.694, while leading the American league twice in fielding percentage. <mask> was an All-State pick in baseball in high school. He was drafted in the 14th round of the Major League Baseball draft. He was nicknamed "Gonzo" in order to tell the difference between him and the other <mask>, who signed with the Blue Jays on November 26, 2009; they would face each other in the 2003 National League Championship Series between the Marlins and Cubs. <mask> began his professional baseball career in the minor leagues.He played for the Hurricanes in the Carolina League after moving up to Single-A. The Hurricanes won the South Atlantic League Championship and he was named the Most Valuable Player. He was the recipient of the Howard Webster award in 1992. He spent the 1993 season with the Southern League's Tennessee Smokies. <mask> made the all star teams. <mask> was named to the All Star team in 1994 when he played in the winter ball league in Venezuela. <mask> was sent to Triple-A Syracuse at the end of April after batting.151 in 15 games for the major league team.<mask> spent the rest of the season in the minor league system after the major league strike and made the all star team. <mask> played for the Blue Jays from 1995 to 2001. His 1999 season was cut short after he tore a labrum in his throwing arm. After undergoing surgery in August, Dr. James Andrews was able to return to the Blue Jays as their starting infielder. <mask> averaged around.250 with decent power for a middle infielder, but was unable to hit for high average. He was able to make up for the lack of average with good production and defense. He finished his career with over 500 home runs.He holds the American league record for assists in one game with 13, and was ranked first in 1997 with Total Zone runs as a second baseman. He was traded to the Chicago Cubs in 2001 for Félix Heredia and James Deschaine. <mask> played for the Cubs from 2002 to 2003 and had two of his best seasons. He hit a career-high 20 home runs in 2003 and advanced to the playoffs with the Cubs. <mask> was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Due to the Steve Bartman incident, the Cubs' eighth-inning collapse in Game 6 of the 2003 NLCS against the Florida Marlins became known as the Steve Bartman incident. On July 31, 2004, the day of the trading deadline, Gonzalez was dealt in a four-team trade to the Montreal Expos with the Cubs acquiring Boston's Nomar Garciaparra to play shortstop.He was sent to the San Diego Padres as part of a deal on September 16. After the 2005 season, he became a free agent and signed a one-year deal with the Devil Rays as a third baseman. <mask> had a good year at 3B, hitting.279 and playing good defense. <mask> retired from baseball after a brief stint with Philadelphia. On January 12, 2007, he signed a minor league contract with the Kansas City Royals. <mask> failed to make the Royals' 25-man roster prior to the 2007 season despite a strong showing in spring training, and he exercised his right to become a free agent. After signing a minor league contract with the Washington Nationals, he played 5 games for Triple-A Columbus before being released.<mask> graduated from the University of Phoenix with a degree in business management. He is a principal at Miami Sports Management. He lives in Miami with his family. <mask> appeared in an episode of The Newsroom in 1997 as himself. <mask> is an analyst for NBC Sports and the MLB Network. There are links to External links to the List of Cuban Americans.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri%20Temianka

Henri Temianka

Henri Temianka (19 November 19067 November 1992) was a virtuoso violinist, conductor, author and music educator. Early years Henri Temianka was born in Greenock, Scotland, to parents who were Jewish Polish emigrants. He studied violin with Carel Blitz in Rotterdam from 1915 to 1923, with Willy Hess at the National Conservatory in Berlin from 1923 to 1924, and with Jules Boucherit in Paris from 1924 to 1926. He then enrolled at the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia, where he studied violin with Carl Flesch, who reported of him in 1927, "Was brought over by me. First class technical talent, somewhat sleepy personality, has still to awake." In 1928, Flesch said, "His violinistic personality is for the moment still above his human one. Life shall be his best teacher in this regard." Later he stated, "...he has made an intensive study of my method of teaching, of which I consider him the best exponent in England." In his memoirs he said, "...there was above all Henry [sic] Temianka, who did great credit to the Institute: both musically and technically, he possessed a model collection of talents." Temianka's playing was further influenced by Eugène Ysaÿe, Jacques Thibaud and Bronisław Huberman. He also studied conducting with Artur Rodziński at Curtis, and became its first graduate in 1930. Career After a brilliant New York City debut in 1928, described by Olin Downes in The New York Times as "one of the finest accomplishments in years," Temianka returned to Europe and rapidly established himself as one of the era's foremost concert violinists. He made extensive concert tours through almost every country in Europe and appeared with major orchestras both in Europe and the U.S. under conductors including Pierre Monteux (who gave him his first Paris appearance), Sir John Barbirolli, Sir Adrian Boult, Fritz Reiner, Sir Henry J. Wood, George Szell, Otto Klemperer, Dimitri Mitropoulos, and William Steinberg. In Leningrad he was engaged for a single performance, but his virtuosity was so impressive that he was retained for five performances with five complete programs within a week. In 1935 he won third prize in the first Henryk Wieniawski Violin Competition in Warsaw, Poland; Ginette Neveu took first prize, and David Oistrakh second. (A short documentary about that historic event can be found at http://www.wieniawski.com/1ivc.html.) In that year he also premiered a suite that the then-unknown Benjamin Britten had written for him and pianist Betty Humby, and performed music by Sergei Prokofiev, with the composer at the piano in Moscow; and Ralph Vaughan Williams conducted his violin concerto for him in London. In 1936 he founded the Temianka Chamber Orchestra in London. He was the concertmaster of the Scottish Orchestra from 1937 to 1938. He gave his first concert in Los Angeles, a violin recital, at the Wilshire Ebell in 1940. From 1941 to 1942 he was the concertmaster of the Pittsburgh Symphony under Fritz Reiner, performing as soloist in concertos including the Beethoven and Mozart A major. His appearances as violin soloist and guest conductor in Europe and both North and South America were interrupted by World War II, during which he became a senior editor in the U.S. Office of War Information. Because of his fluency in four languages (English, French, German and Dutch), he translated and edited sensitive documents. Through a combination of his bureaucratic connections there and contacts from his international performing career, and with assistance from HIAS, he was able to secure the release of his parents from the Nazi concentration camp in Gurs, France, in 1941. However, upon arriving in Spain, they were thrown in jail by Franco's police. Temianka recalled that a concert he had given in Madrid in 1935 had been attended by a powerful Spanish aristocrat and president of the Bilbao Philharmonic Society, Ignacio de Gortazar y Manso de Velasco, the 19th Count of Superunda. The Count personally escorted Temianka's parents from jail to his mansion, and then arranged for their passage by ship to Cuba and the United States, where they became citizens. Temianka described these remarkable events in a chapter of his second book Chance Encounters (unpublished); that chapter has been integrated with illustrations of many of the relevant photographs, letters and other documents, and privately printed as a monograph. In 1945 he performed at Carnegie Hall with pianist Artur Balsam. In 1946 he performed all the Beethoven violin sonatas with pianist Leonard Shure at the Library of Congress in Washington D.C. Over the next 45 years he made appearances in more than 3,000 concerts in 30 countries, with some 500 concerts in the Los Angeles metropolitan area alone, appearing as violin soloist, conductor of the California Chamber Symphony, first violinist of the Paganini Quartet, and in remarkable chamber music recitals such as the Beethoven sonata cycles with pianists Lili Kraus, Leonard Pennario, Rudolf Firkušný and George Szell, and the Bach violin sonatas with Anthony Newman. He performed the Bach Double Violin Concerto with David Oistrakh, Yehudi Menuhin, Henryk Szeryng and Jack Benny. His chamber groups performed at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion of the Los Angeles Music Center and the Mark Taper Forum. In 1960 he was the music director at the esteemed Ojai Music Festival. In the 1980s his California Chamber Virtuosi gave concerts at Pepperdine University and at the J. Paul Getty Museum in Malibu, California. As an avid chamber music player, Temianka hosted frequent private musical evenings in his Los Angeles home, playing with fellow musicians including Yehudi Menuhin, Jascha Heifetz, Isaac Stern, Joseph Szigeti, David Oistrakh, Henryk Szeryng, Leonard Pennario, William Primrose, Gregor Piatigorsky and Jean-Pierre Rampal. Temianka was equally adept on the viola as the violin, and sometimes played it during these evenings, as well as in concert in 1962 with Isaac Stern in a performance of Mozart's Sinfonia Concertante (which he also performed on violin with William Primrose on viola). In 1980 the Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians said of Temianka that he was "...known for his flawless mastery of his instrument, a pure and expressive tone, and forceful yet elegant interpretations." On July 28, 2016, Jim Svejda at Classical KUSC-FM radio aired a four-hour program of recordings by Temianka, the Paganini Quartet, and the California Chamber Symphony. The Paganini Quartet Temianka in 1946 joined the Paganini Quartet, founded by the great Belgian cellist . The quartet drew its name from the fact that all four of its instruments, made by Antonio Stradivari (1644–1737), had once been owned by the Italian virtuoso violinist and composer Niccolò Paganini (1782–1840). The other original members were Gustave Rosseels, second violin, and Robert Courte, viola. Subsequent members included Charles Libove, Stefan Krayk and Harris Goldman, violin; Charles Foidart, David Schwartz and Albert Gillis, viola; and Adolphe Frezin and Lucien Laporte, cello. The quartet made its world debut at the University of California at Berkeley. Critic Alfred Frankenstein wrote in the San Francisco Chronicle on November 11, 1946, "Perhaps never before has one heard a string quartet with so rich, mellow and superbly polished a tone." On December 5, 1947, the Los Angeles Examiner reported, "Entrusted with fabulously sensitive string instruments that once were in the personal collection of Paganini, they achieve the incredible - as will be eagerly testified by the packed house..." During its 20-year international career, the Paganini Quartet concertized continuously in large cities and small towns throughout the United States, as well as in famous concert halls around the world. In 1946-47 they played all the Beethoven string quartets in concert at the Library of Congress. At Mills College in 1949, the Paganini and Budapest Quartets presented the world premiere of Darius Milhaud's 14th and 15th string quartets, followed by the two groups' performance of both works simultaneously as an octet. In subsequent years they made joint appearances with Arthur Rubinstein, Andrés Segovia, Claudio Arrau and Gary Graffman. The quartet recorded eleven of the Beethoven quartets as well as those of Gabriel Fauré, Giuseppe Verdi, Claude Debussy, Maurice Ravel and others. They also played the world premieres of works by Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco and Benjamin Lees. The California Chamber Symphony (CCS) In 1960 Temianka founded and conducted a chamber orchestra based at Royce Hall, UCLA, the California Chamber Symphony. The orchestra gave more than 100 concerts over the ensuing 23 years, including premieres of major works by such major composers as Aaron Copland, Dmitri Shostakovich, Darius Milhaud, Alberto Ginastera, William Schuman, Gian Carlo Menotti, Malcolm Arnold and Carlos Chávez. Soloists who performed with the CCS under Temianka's direction included David Oistrakh, Jean-Pierre Rampal and Benny Goodman. Temianka broke tradition by speaking to his audiences from the stage about the music and composers. (For this reason the series was originally titled "Let's Talk Music".) He created a "Concerts for Youth" series and also brought music to hospitals, prisons, and schools for the handicapped. He recognized and was in many instances responsible for the first appearances of a number of rising musicians, including Christopher Parkening, Jeffrey Kahane, Nathaniel Rosen, Paul Shenley, Timothy Landauer, Daniel Heifetz, and Los Romeros, a family of guitarists from Spain. He also made a number of major television appearances with the CCS, and appeared as conductor with other orchestras including the Los Angeles Philharmonic and Buenos Aires Philharmonic. Unique concerts given under the auspices of the CCS included the opera Noye's Fludde by Benjamin Britten, in which hundreds of children participated; a "Monster Concert", in which 12 Steinway pianos and 36 pianists were brought on stage for pieces by Louis Moreau Gottschalk and others; Alberto Ginastera's Cantata para America Magica, an extraordinary work based on pre-Columbian Latin American songs and scored for soprano and 53 percussion instruments; and Christus Apollo, a cantata written by Jerry Goldsmith, based on a text by Ray Bradbury and narrated by Charlton Heston. Violins In his teens Temianka played a Laurentius Storioni of 1780. While traveling under the aegis of the Curtis Institute, he briefly played a loaned Stradivarius, which was exchanged for a Januarius Gagliano. In 1929 Temianka owned the violin made in 1752 by Joannes Baptista Guadagnini. In the 1930s he played a Silvestre violin, with which he made his early Vintage recordings, and subsequently a Januarius Gagliano and a Carlo Bergonzi. The Stradivarius he played during the years of the Paganini Quartet was the "Conte Cozio di Salabue" of 1727, which was Paganini's own concert violin. It was later played by Martin Beaver, first violinist of the Tokyo String Quartet, which played since 1995 on the same quartet of Stradivarius instruments once owned by Paganini, until the Tokyo String Quartet retired in July 2013. These remarkable instruments—the viola had inspired Paganini to commission Hector Berlioz's Harold en Italie—were also played by the Cleveland Quartet for almost 15 years, beginning in 1982, and are presently owned by Nippon Music Foundation of Japan, after deacquisition by the Corcoran Gallery in the mid-1990s for $15 million. They were then played for several years by the Hagen Quartet, and then by the Quartetto di Cremona; they are now in the hands of the Kuss Quartet. When the years of the Paganini Quartet came to an end, Temianka played a Michelangelo Bergonzi of 1759. His recordings of the Handel Sonatas were made on an Andrea Guarneri of 1687. Honors and legacy Gramophone Award (for recordings of Beethoven "Rasumovsky" quartets) 1947. Franklin S. Harris Fine Arts Award at Brigham Young University 1977. French Officier des Arts et des Lettres 1979. Pepperdine Honorary Doctorate 1986. American String Teachers Assoc.: Distinguished Teacher Award 1970 and Distinguished Service Award 1989. Numerous resolutions by the California Legislature, County of Los Angeles and City of Los Angeles. In February 2013, Chapman University endowed the Henri Temianka Professorship in Music and Scholarship in String Studies. The violin played by Albert Saparoff, concertmaster of the Hollywood Symphony, was endowed as the Temianka-Saparoff violin, and is dedicated for the use of a selected recipient while studying there. A bust of Temianka was created by the famous sculptor Miriam Baker, and stands on the Aitken Arts Plaza in front of the Musco Performing Arts Center, between busts of Mozart and Puccini, at Chapman University; a second bust from the same mold was dedicated at the McLean Museum and Art Gallery (now the Watt Institution) in Greenock, Scotland, his birthplace. During the Museum's renovation, the statue was relocated at the Beacon Arts Centre. The dedication was reported by the BBC, and honored by a Motion of the Scottish Parliament. An exhibit of Temianka's letters and memorabilia was open at Chapman's Leatherby Libraries until 30 July 2016. On 3 March 2017, the Henri Temianka Archives were dedicated in a multimedia room at Chapman. The Archives consist of some 3700 letters, photographs, concert programs and other effects from his life. The Archives can be accessed online at In 2018 the Henri Temianka Audio Restoration Lab was endowed at the University of California at Santa Barbara. Students Henri Temianka's students included Leo Berlin (who became concertmaster of the Stockholm Philharmonic), Nina Bodnar (who won the 1982 Thibaud International Competition in Paris), Amalia Castillo, Alison Dalton (subsequently in the first violin section of the Chicago Symphony), Marilyn Doty, Eugene Fodor, Michael Mann, Dolores Miller, Phyllis Moad, Karen Tuttle (who later became a violist) and Camilla Wicks. Later life Temianka was a visiting professor and guest lecturer at many universities in the United States and abroad, including the Universities of California, Kansas, Illinois, Michigan, Colorado, Toronto, Southern California and the Osaka Music Academy of Japan. He held professorships at University of California, Santa Barbara (1960–64) and Long Beach State College (now California State University, Long Beach) (1964–76). He also taught master classes at various universities including Brigham Young in Utah, and produced films in music education. He died, aged 85, in Los Angeles. Quotations "You have a choice: to create, or not to create." "It's easy to avoid criticism -- just say nothing, do nothing, be nothing." "The happiest times have always been when we have chamber music at our house—veritable orgies of informal music-making, gastronomy, and story-swapping, with everybody in shirtsleeves. The warmth of musical and human empathy is unique. As we play, unrehearsed, a quartet of Beethoven or Mozart, there are extraordinary flashes of insight, thrilling moments of truth when we share the same concept of an exquisite phrase, sculpt the same melodic line, linger and savor the same ritardando or diminuendo. In those moments we spontaneously look up from our music, exchanging ecstatic smiles and glances. It is a level of spiritual communication granted few human beings."—from Facing the Music. Recordings In the 1930s Temianka made solo recordings, mostly on the Parlophone label, of works by Henryk Wieniawski, Gaetano Pugnani, Franz Schubert, Robert Schumann, Johann Sebastian Bach, Karol Szymanowski, Pablo de Sarasate, Camille Saint-Saëns, Anton Arensky, Jean Sibelius and Frank Bridge. In The Book of the Violin, Dominic Gill appraised Temianka's recording of the Schubert Rondo in A, D.438, as follows: "The divine playing of this work in 1937 by Henri Temianka stands out as a pinnacle among the great violin recordings of all time." All of these recordings were reissued on CD by Biddulph Recordings in 1992. In the LP era, he recorded sonatas by George Frideric Handel, Édouard Lalo, Vincent d'Indy, Paul Dukas, Edvard Grieg and Antonín Dvořák, and the Tchaikovsky Piano Trio in A minor. His live performances of the Beethoven sonatas in 1946 with pianist Leonard Shure were restored by DOREMI and released by Allegro Music on CD's in 2011. With the Paganini Quartet, he recorded 11 of the Beethoven string quartets for RCA Victor. These were remastered and reissued on CD's in 2012 by United Archives. On other labels they recorded Joseph Haydn's "Emperor" and Mozart's "Dissonant" quartets, and quartets by Britten, Debussy, Ravel, Schumann, Verdi, Ginastera, Lajhta, and Benjamin Lees; the Schumann Piano Quintet and Fauré Piano Quartet No. 1 with Arthur Rubinstein (reissued on BMG CD in 1999); and the Brahms Piano Quintet with Ralph Votapek. He also appeared as violin soloist in a 1941 recording of Richard Strauss's Don Quixote by the Pittsburgh Symphony under Fritz Reiner, featuring cellist Gregor Piatigorsky. Conducting the Los Angeles Percussion Ensemble, he recorded Ginastera's Cantata para America Magica and Carlos Chavez's Toccata for Percussion Instruments for Columbia Records. Bibliography Temianka wrote more than 100 articles for various periodicals, including Instrumentalist, The Strad, Reader's Digest, Saturday Review, Esquire, Hi-Fi Stereo Review, Musical America, Etude, and Holiday. About one-third of these essays concerned string playing and teaching and have recently been collated into a privately printed anthology augmented with photographs from his archives. In 1973 his amusing, anecdotal autobiography titled Facing the Music was published by David McKay Company, Inc. It was reissued in paperback and published abroad in German. He wrote a second, as-yet unpublished book of memoirs titled Chance Encounters. References Boris Schwarz. "Temianka, Henri", Grove Music Online. "Temianka, Henri," The Oxford Dictionary of Music, 2nd ed. rev. Ed. Michael Kennedy, Oxford Music Online, May 15, 2009. G. Irwin: Interview, The Strad, xlv (1934–5), 551–4. J. Creighton: Discopaedia of the Violin, 1889–1971 (Toronto, 1974). C. Flesch, The Memoirs of Carl Flesch, with foreword by Max Rostal, (Rockliff Publ. Corp., 1957). External links Henri Temianka Collection of Papers, Correspondence and Memorabilia at the UCLA Library; Collection Guide at the Online Archive of California Obituary in The New York Times, November 10, 1992 1906 births 1992 deaths American classical violinists Male classical violinists Scottish classical violinists Polish classical violinists American male violinists Henryk Wieniawski Violin Competition prize-winners Curtis Institute of Music alumni University of California, Santa Barbara faculty California State University, Long Beach faculty People from Santa Barbara, California People from Long Beach, California People from Greenock 20th-century classical violinists 20th-century American musicians Officiers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres Scottish Jews Scottish people of Polish-Jewish descent Scottish emigrants to the United States Polish emigrants to the United States American people of Polish-Jewish descent American people of Scottish-Jewish descent 20th-century American male musicians

<mask> (19 November 19067 November 1992) was a virtuoso violinist, conductor, author and music educator. Early years <mask> was born in Greenock, Scotland, to parents who were Jewish Polish emigrants. He studied violin with Carel Blitz in Rotterdam from 1915 to 1923, with Willy Hess at the National Conservatory in Berlin from 1923 to 1924, and with Jules Boucherit in Paris from 1924 to 1926. He then enrolled at the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia, where he studied violin with Carl Flesch, who reported of him in 1927, "Was brought over by me. First class technical talent, somewhat sleepy personality, has still to awake." In 1928, Flesch said, "His violinistic personality is for the moment still above his human one. Life shall be his best teacher in this regard."Later he stated, "...he has made an intensive study of my method of teaching, of which I consider him the best exponent in England." In his memoirs he said, "...there was above all Henry [sic] <mask>, who did great credit to the Institute: both musically and technically, he possessed a model collection of talents." <mask>'s playing was further influenced by Eugène Ysaÿe, Jacques Thibaud and Bronisław Huberman. He also studied conducting with Artur Rodziński at Curtis, and became its first graduate in 1930. Career After a brilliant New York City debut in 1928, described by Olin Downes in The New York Times as "one of the finest accomplishments in years," <mask> returned to Europe and rapidly established himself as one of the era's foremost concert violinists. He made extensive concert tours through almost every country in Europe and appeared with major orchestras both in Europe and the U.S. under conductors including Pierre Monteux (who gave him his first Paris appearance), Sir John Barbirolli, Sir Adrian Boult, Fritz Reiner, Sir Henry J. Wood, George Szell, Otto Klemperer, Dimitri Mitropoulos, and William Steinberg.In Leningrad he was engaged for a single performance, but his virtuosity was so impressive that he was retained for five performances with five complete programs within a week. In 1935 he won third prize in the first Henryk Wieniawski Violin Competition in Warsaw, Poland; Ginette Neveu took first prize, and David Oistrakh second. (A short documentary about that historic event can be found at http://www.wieniawski.com/1ivc.html.) In that year he also premiered a suite that the then-unknown Benjamin Britten had written for him and pianist Betty Humby, and performed music by Sergei Prokofiev, with the composer at the piano in Moscow; and Ralph Vaughan Williams conducted his violin concerto for him in London. In 1936 he founded the Temianka Chamber Orchestra in London. He was the concertmaster of the Scottish Orchestra from 1937 to 1938. He gave his first concert in Los Angeles, a violin recital, at the Wilshire Ebell in 1940.From 1941 to 1942 he was the concertmaster of the Pittsburgh Symphony under Fritz Reiner, performing as soloist in concertos including the Beethoven and Mozart A major. His appearances as violin soloist and guest conductor in Europe and both North and South America were interrupted by World War II, during which he became a senior editor in the U.S. Office of War Information. Because of his fluency in four languages (English, French, German and Dutch), he translated and edited sensitive documents. Through a combination of his bureaucratic connections there and contacts from his international performing career, and with assistance from HIAS, he was able to secure the release of his parents from the Nazi concentration camp in Gurs, France, in 1941. However, upon arriving in Spain, they were thrown in jail by Franco's police. Temianka recalled that a concert he had given in Madrid in 1935 had been attended by a powerful Spanish aristocrat and president of the Bilbao Philharmonic Society, Ignacio de Gortazar y Manso de Velasco, the 19th Count of Superunda. The Count personally escorted Temianka's parents from jail to his mansion, and then arranged for their passage by ship to Cuba and the United States, where they became citizens.<mask> described these remarkable events in a chapter of his second book Chance Encounters (unpublished); that chapter has been integrated with illustrations of many of the relevant photographs, letters and other documents, and privately printed as a monograph. In 1945 he performed at Carnegie Hall with pianist Artur Balsam. In 1946 he performed all the Beethoven violin sonatas with pianist Leonard Shure at the Library of Congress in Washington D.C. Over the next 45 years he made appearances in more than 3,000 concerts in 30 countries, with some 500 concerts in the Los Angeles metropolitan area alone, appearing as violin soloist, conductor of the California Chamber Symphony, first violinist of the Paganini Quartet, and in remarkable chamber music recitals such as the Beethoven sonata cycles with pianists Lili Kraus, Leonard Pennario, Rudolf Firkušný and George Szell, and the Bach violin sonatas with Anthony Newman. He performed the Bach Double Violin Concerto with David Oistrakh, Yehudi Menuhin, Henryk Szeryng and Jack Benny. His chamber groups performed at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion of the Los Angeles Music Center and the Mark Taper Forum. In 1960 he was the music director at the esteemed Ojai Music Festival. In the 1980s his California Chamber Virtuosi gave concerts at Pepperdine University and at the J. Paul Getty Museum in Malibu, California.As an avid chamber music player, Temianka hosted frequent private musical evenings in his Los Angeles home, playing with fellow musicians including Yehudi Menuhin, Jascha Heifetz, Isaac Stern, Joseph Szigeti, David Oistrakh, Henryk Szeryng, Leonard Pennario, William Primrose, Gregor Piatigorsky and Jean-Pierre Rampal. <mask> was equally adept on the viola as the violin, and sometimes played it during these evenings, as well as in concert in 1962 with Isaac Stern in a performance of Mozart's Sinfonia Concertante (which he also performed on violin with William Primrose on viola). In 1980 the Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians said of Temianka that he was "...known for his flawless mastery of his instrument, a pure and expressive tone, and forceful yet elegant interpretations." On July 28, 2016, Jim Svejda at Classical KUSC-FM radio aired a four-hour program of recordings by Temianka, the Paganini Quartet, and the California Chamber Symphony. The Paganini Quartet Temianka in 1946 joined the Paganini Quartet, founded by the great Belgian cellist . The quartet drew its name from the fact that all four of its instruments, made by Antonio Stradivari (1644–1737), had once been owned by the Italian virtuoso violinist and composer Niccolò Paganini (1782–1840). The other original members were Gustave Rosseels, second violin, and Robert Courte, viola.Subsequent members included Charles Libove, Stefan Krayk and Harris Goldman, violin; Charles Foidart, David Schwartz and Albert Gillis, viola; and Adolphe Frezin and Lucien Laporte, cello. The quartet made its world debut at the University of California at Berkeley. Critic Alfred Frankenstein wrote in the San Francisco Chronicle on November 11, 1946, "Perhaps never before has one heard a string quartet with so rich, mellow and superbly polished a tone." On December 5, 1947, the Los Angeles Examiner reported, "Entrusted with fabulously sensitive string instruments that once were in the personal collection of Paganini, they achieve the incredible - as will be eagerly testified by the packed house..." During its 20-year international career, the Paganini Quartet concertized continuously in large cities and small towns throughout the United States, as well as in famous concert halls around the world. In 1946-47 they played all the Beethoven string quartets in concert at the Library of Congress. At Mills College in 1949, the Paganini and Budapest Quartets presented the world premiere of Darius Milhaud's 14th and 15th string quartets, followed by the two groups' performance of both works simultaneously as an octet. In subsequent years they made joint appearances with Arthur Rubinstein, Andrés Segovia, Claudio Arrau and Gary Graffman.The quartet recorded eleven of the Beethoven quartets as well as those of Gabriel Fauré, Giuseppe Verdi, Claude Debussy, Maurice Ravel and others. They also played the world premieres of works by Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco and Benjamin Lees. The California Chamber Symphony (CCS) In 1960 Temianka founded and conducted a chamber orchestra based at Royce Hall, UCLA, the California Chamber Symphony. The orchestra gave more than 100 concerts over the ensuing 23 years, including premieres of major works by such major composers as Aaron Copland, Dmitri Shostakovich, Darius Milhaud, Alberto Ginastera, William Schuman, Gian Carlo Menotti, Malcolm Arnold and Carlos Chávez. Soloists who performed with the CCS under Temianka's direction included David Oistrakh, Jean-Pierre Rampal and Benny Goodman. Temianka broke tradition by speaking to his audiences from the stage about the music and composers. (For this reason the series was originally titled "Let's Talk Music".)He created a "Concerts for Youth" series and also brought music to hospitals, prisons, and schools for the handicapped. He recognized and was in many instances responsible for the first appearances of a number of rising musicians, including Christopher Parkening, Jeffrey Kahane, Nathaniel Rosen, Paul Shenley, Timothy Landauer, Daniel Heifetz, and Los Romeros, a family of guitarists from Spain. He also made a number of major television appearances with the CCS, and appeared as conductor with other orchestras including the Los Angeles Philharmonic and Buenos Aires Philharmonic. Unique concerts given under the auspices of the CCS included the opera Noye's Fludde by Benjamin Britten, in which hundreds of children participated; a "Monster Concert", in which 12 Steinway pianos and 36 pianists were brought on stage for pieces by Louis Moreau Gottschalk and others; Alberto Ginastera's Cantata para America Magica, an extraordinary work based on pre-Columbian Latin American songs and scored for soprano and 53 percussion instruments; and Christus Apollo, a cantata written by Jerry Goldsmith, based on a text by Ray Bradbury and narrated by Charlton Heston. Violins In his teens Temianka played a Laurentius Storioni of 1780. While traveling under the aegis of the Curtis Institute, he briefly played a loaned Stradivarius, which was exchanged for a Januarius Gagliano. In 1929 Temianka owned the violin made in 1752 by Joannes Baptista Guadagnini.In the 1930s he played a Silvestre violin, with which he made his early Vintage recordings, and subsequently a Januarius Gagliano and a Carlo Bergonzi. The Stradivarius he played during the years of the Paganini Quartet was the "Conte Cozio di Salabue" of 1727, which was Paganini's own concert violin. It was later played by Martin Beaver, first violinist of the Tokyo String Quartet, which played since 1995 on the same quartet of Stradivarius instruments once owned by Paganini, until the Tokyo String Quartet retired in July 2013. These remarkable instruments—the viola had inspired Paganini to commission Hector Berlioz's Harold en Italie—were also played by the Cleveland Quartet for almost 15 years, beginning in 1982, and are presently owned by Nippon Music Foundation of Japan, after deacquisition by the Corcoran Gallery in the mid-1990s for $15 million. They were then played for several years by the Hagen Quartet, and then by the Quartetto di Cremona; they are now in the hands of the Kuss Quartet. When the years of the Paganini Quartet came to an end, Temianka played a Michelangelo Bergonzi of 1759. His recordings of the Handel Sonatas were made on an Andrea Guarneri of 1687.Honors and legacy Gramophone Award (for recordings of Beethoven "Rasumovsky" quartets) 1947. Franklin S. Harris Fine Arts Award at Brigham Young University 1977. French Officier des Arts et des Lettres 1979. Pepperdine Honorary Doctorate 1986. American String Teachers Assoc. : Distinguished Teacher Award 1970 and Distinguished Service Award 1989. Numerous resolutions by the California Legislature, County of Los Angeles and City of Los Angeles.In February 2013, Chapman University endowed the <mask> Professorship in Music and Scholarship in String Studies. The violin played by Albert Saparoff, concertmaster of the Hollywood Symphony, was endowed as the Temianka-Saparoff violin, and is dedicated for the use of a selected recipient while studying there. A bust of Temianka was created by the famous sculptor Miriam Baker, and stands on the Aitken Arts Plaza in front of the Musco Performing Arts Center, between busts of Mozart and Puccini, at Chapman University; a second bust from the same mold was dedicated at the McLean Museum and Art Gallery (now the Watt Institution) in Greenock, Scotland, his birthplace. During the Museum's renovation, the statue was relocated at the Beacon Arts Centre. The dedication was reported by the BBC, and honored by a Motion of the Scottish Parliament. An exhibit of Temianka's letters and memorabilia was open at Chapman's Leatherby Libraries until 30 July 2016. On 3 March 2017, the Henri Temianka Archives were dedicated in a multimedia room at Chapman.The Archives consist of some 3700 letters, photographs, concert programs and other effects from his life. The Archives can be accessed online at In 2018 the Henri Temianka Audio Restoration Lab was endowed at the University of California at Santa Barbara. Students <mask>'s students included Leo Berlin (who became concertmaster of the Stockholm Philharmonic), Nina Bodnar (who won the 1982 Thibaud International Competition in Paris), Amalia Castillo, Alison Dalton (subsequently in the first violin section of the Chicago Symphony), Marilyn Doty, Eugene Fodor, Michael Mann, Dolores Miller, Phyllis Moad, Karen Tuttle (who later became a violist) and Camilla Wicks. Later life <mask> was a visiting professor and guest lecturer at many universities in the United States and abroad, including the Universities of California, Kansas, Illinois, Michigan, Colorado, Toronto, Southern California and the Osaka Music Academy of Japan. He held professorships at University of California, Santa Barbara (1960–64) and Long Beach State College (now California State University, Long Beach) (1964–76). He also taught master classes at various universities including Brigham Young in Utah, and produced films in music education. He died, aged 85, in Los Angeles.Quotations "You have a choice: to create, or not to create." "It's easy to avoid criticism -- just say nothing, do nothing, be nothing." "The happiest times have always been when we have chamber music at our house—veritable orgies of informal music-making, gastronomy, and story-swapping, with everybody in shirtsleeves. The warmth of musical and human empathy is unique. As we play, unrehearsed, a quartet of Beethoven or Mozart, there are extraordinary flashes of insight, thrilling moments of truth when we share the same concept of an exquisite phrase, sculpt the same melodic line, linger and savor the same ritardando or diminuendo. In those moments we spontaneously look up from our music, exchanging ecstatic smiles and glances. It is a level of spiritual communication granted few human beings."—from Facing the Music. Recordings In the 1930s Temianka made solo recordings, mostly on the Parlophone label, of works by Henryk Wieniawski, Gaetano Pugnani, Franz Schubert, Robert Schumann, Johann Sebastian Bach, Karol Szymanowski, Pablo de Sarasate, Camille Saint-Saëns, Anton Arensky, Jean Sibelius and Frank Bridge. In The Book of the Violin, Dominic Gill appraised <mask>'s recording of the Schubert Rondo in A, D.438, as follows: "The divine playing of this work in 1937 by <mask> stands out as a pinnacle among the great violin recordings of all time." All of these recordings were reissued on CD by Biddulph Recordings in 1992. In the LP era, he recorded sonatas by George Frideric Handel, Édouard Lalo, Vincent d'Indy, Paul Dukas, Edvard Grieg and Antonín Dvořák, and the Tchaikovsky Piano Trio in A minor. His live performances of the Beethoven sonatas in 1946 with pianist Leonard Shure were restored by DOREMI and released by Allegro Music on CD's in 2011. With the Paganini Quartet, he recorded 11 of the Beethoven string quartets for RCA Victor.These were remastered and reissued on CD's in 2012 by United Archives. On other labels they recorded Joseph Haydn's "Emperor" and Mozart's "Dissonant" quartets, and quartets by Britten, Debussy, Ravel, Schumann, Verdi, Ginastera, Lajhta, and Benjamin Lees; the Schumann Piano Quintet and Fauré Piano Quartet No. 1 with Arthur Rubinstein (reissued on BMG CD in 1999); and the Brahms Piano Quintet with Ralph Votapek. He also appeared as violin soloist in a 1941 recording of Richard Strauss's Don Quixote by the Pittsburgh Symphony under Fritz Reiner, featuring cellist Gregor Piatigorsky. Conducting the Los Angeles Percussion Ensemble, he recorded Ginastera's Cantata para America Magica and Carlos Chavez's Toccata for Percussion Instruments for Columbia Records. Bibliography Temianka wrote more than 100 articles for various periodicals, including Instrumentalist, The Strad, Reader's Digest, Saturday Review, Esquire, Hi-Fi Stereo Review, Musical America, Etude, and Holiday. About one-third of these essays concerned string playing and teaching and have recently been collated into a privately printed anthology augmented with photographs from his archives.In 1973 his amusing, anecdotal autobiography titled Facing the Music was published by David McKay Company, Inc. It was reissued in paperback and published abroad in German. He wrote a second, as-yet unpublished book of memoirs titled Chance Encounters. References Boris Schwarz. "Temianka, <mask>", Grove Music Online. "Temianka, <mask>," The Oxford Dictionary of Music, 2nd ed. rev.Ed. Michael Kennedy, Oxford Music Online, May 15, 2009. G. Irwin: Interview, The Strad, xlv (1934–5), 551–4. J. Creighton: Discopaedia of the Violin, 1889–1971 (Toronto, 1974). C. Flesch, The Memoirs of Carl Flesch, with foreword by Max Rostal, (Rockliff Publ. Corp., 1957). External links <mask> Collection of Papers, Correspondence and Memorabilia at the UCLA Library; Collection Guide at the Online Archive of California Obituary in The New York Times, November 10, 1992 1906 births 1992 deaths American classical violinists Male classical violinists Scottish classical violinists Polish classical violinists American male violinists Henryk Wieniawski Violin Competition prize-winners Curtis Institute of Music alumni University of California, Santa Barbara faculty California State University, Long Beach faculty People from Santa Barbara, California People from Long Beach, California People from Greenock 20th-century classical violinists 20th-century American musicians Officiers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres Scottish Jews Scottish people of Polish-Jewish descent Scottish emigrants to the United States Polish emigrants to the United States American people of Polish-Jewish descent American people of Scottish-Jewish descent 20th-century American male musicians

<mask> was a violinist, conductor, author and music teacher. <mask>'s parents were Jewish Polish emigrants and he was born in Greenock, Scotland. From 1923 to 1924, he studied violin at the National Conservatory in Berlin, and from 1924 to 1926, he studied violin in Paris. He was brought over by me and studied violin at theCurtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia. The first class technical talent is sleepy but still awake. His violinistic personality is for the moment still above his human one. Life will be his best teacher.He said that he considered him the best teacher in England because of the intensive study he had done on his method of teaching. He said in his memoirs that <mask>, who did great credit to the Institute, had a model collection of talents. The influence of Eugne Ysae, Jacques Thibaud and Bronisaw Huberman was further influenced by <mask>. He became the first graduate of the school in 1930. After a brilliant New York City debut in 1928, <mask> returned to Europe and quickly established himself as one of the era's foremost concert violinists. He appeared with major orchestras in Europe and the U.S. under conductors including Pierre Monteux, Sir Adrian Boult, and Sir Henry J. Wood, George Szell, Otto Klemperer, and William Steinberg.He was retained for five performances with five complete programs within a week, despite being engaged for a single performance. He won third prize in the first Henryk Wieniawski Violin Competition in Warsaw, Poland, in 1935. A short documentary about that historic event can be found on the website. He also performed music by Sergei Prokofiev with the composer at the piano in Moscow and conducted a violin concerto for him in London. The Temianka Chamber Orchestra was founded in 1936. He was the concertmaster of the Scottish Orchestra. He gave his first concert in Los Angeles in 1940.He was the concertmaster of the Pittsburgh Symphony from 1941 to 1942, performing as soloist in Beethoven and Mozart A major. After World War II, he became a senior editor in the U.S. Office of War Information. He was proficient in four languages: English, French, German and Dutch. He was able to get the release of his parents from the Nazi concentration camp in Gurs, France, in 1941 through a combination of his bureaucratic connections there and contacts from his international performing career. They were thrown in jail when they arrived in Spain. The president of the Bilbao Philharmonic Society, Manso de Velasco, attended a concert that <mask> gave in Madrid in 1935. The Count arranged for the parents to travel by ship to Cuba and the United States, where they became citizens, after escorting them from jail.In a chapter of his second book, Temianka described these remarkable events and included illustrations of many of the relevant photographs, letters and other documents. He performed at Carnegie Hall with a pianist. Over the next 45 years he made appearances in more than 3000 concerts in 30 countries and appeared as violin soloist 500 times in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. David Oistrakh, Yehudi Menuhin, Henryk Szeryng, and Jack Benny performed with him. His groups performed at the Los Angeles Music Center and the Mark Taper Forum. He was the music director at the Ojai Music Festival in 1960. In the 1980s, the California Chamber Virtuosi gave concerts at two places.As an avid chamber music player, <mask> hosted frequent private musical evenings in his Los Angeles home, playing with fellow musicians including Yehudi Menuhin, Jascha Heifetz, Joseph Szigeti, David Oistrakh, Henryk Szeryng, Leonard Penn. During these evenings, he played the viola as well as the violin, and in 1962 he performed Mozart's Sinfonia Concertante on the viola with William Primrose. According to the Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, <mask> was known for his flawless mastery of his instrument, a pure and expressive tone, and elegant interpretations. On July 28, Jim Svejda broadcasted a four-hour program of recordings. The great Belgian cellist founded the Paganini Quartet. All four of Antonio Stradivari's instruments were once owned by Niccol Paganini. The other original members were Gustave Rosseels and Robert Courte.Subsequent members included Charles Foidart, David Schwartz and Albert Gillis. At the University of California at Berkeley, the quartet made its world debut. "Perhaps never before has one heard a string quartet with so rich, mellow and superbly polished a tone," wrote Alfred Frankenstein in the San Francisco Chronicle. On December 5, 1947, the Los Angeles Examiner reported, "They achieve the incredible, as will be eagerly testified by the packed house, because they are trusted with fabulously sensitive string instruments that once were in the personal collection of Paganini." They played Beethoven string quartets in concert at the Library of Congress. The world premiere of the 14th and 15th string quartets was presented by the Paganini and Budapest Quartets at Mills College in 1949. They made appearances with other people.The quartet recorded eleven Beethoven quartets, as well as Gabriel Fauré, Giuseppe Verdi, Claude Debussy, Maurice Ravel and others. The world premiere of works by Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco and Benjamin Lees were also played. The California Chamber Symphony was founded in 1960 and is based at UCLA. Over the course of 23 years, the orchestra gave more than 100 concerts, including the premiere of major works by such major composers as Alexander Copland, William Schuman, and Malcolm Arnold. David Oistrakh and Jean-Pierre Rampal performed with the CCS under the direction of <mask>. He spoke to his audience from the stage about the music. The series was originally called "Let's Talk Music".He brought music to hospitals, prisons, and schools for the handicapped in his "Concerts for Youth" series. He was responsible for the first appearances of a number of rising musicians, including Christopher Parkening, Jeffrey Kahane, Nathaniel Rosen, Paul Shenley, Timothy Landauer, Daniel Heifetz, and Los Romeros, a family of guitarists from Spain. He was the conductor of the Los Angeles Philharmonic and the Buenos Aires Philharmonic. The opera Noye's Fludde by Benjamin Britten, in which hundreds of children participated, was one of the unique concerts given under the auspices of the CCS. He played the violins in his teens. In exchange for a Januarius Gagliano, he played a lent stradivarius. The violin made in 1752 was owned by Temianka.He made his early Vintage recordings after playing a Silvestre violin in the 1930s. The "Conte Cozio di Salabue" was a concert violin that was owned by Paganini. It was later played by Martin Beaver, the first violinist of the Tokyo String Quartet, which played on the same stringed instruments that were once owned by Paganini. The Cleveland Quartet played these instruments for almost 15 years, beginning in 1982, and are currently owned by the Nippon Music Foundation of Japan. They have been in the possession of the Kuss Quartet for several years. The years of the Paganini Quartet came to an end and <mask> played a Michelangelo Bergonzi. His recordings of Handel's works were made in the 17th century.The Gramophone Award was given for recordings of Beethoven's quartets. The Franklin S. Harris Fine Arts Award was presented in 1977. The French Officier des Arts et des Lettres was founded in 1979. The Doctor of Laws from Pepperdine in 1986. The American String Teachers Association. There are two awards: the distinguished teacher award 1970 and the distinguished service award 1989. The California Legislature, the County of Los Angeles and the City of Los Angeles have resolutions.The <mask> Professorship in Music and Scholarship in String Studies was endowed by Chapman University. The violin played by Albert Saparoff, concertmaster of the Hollywood Symphony, was endowed as the Temianka-Saparoff violin, and is dedicated for the use of a selected recipient while studying there. A bust of Temianka is on display in front of the Musco Performing Arts Center, between busts of Mozart and Puccini at Chapman University, and a second bust from the same mold was dedicated at the McLean Museum and Art Gallery. The statue was relocated during the Museum's renovation. The dedication was honored by a Motion of the Scottish Parliament. At Chapman's Leatherby Libraries, there was an exhibit of Temianka's letters. The archives were dedicated in a room at Chapman.There are 3700 letters, photographs, concert programs and other effects from his life in the Archives. The Archives can be found at the University of California at Santa Barbara. The students who studied with <mask> were Leo Berlin, who became concertmaster of the Stockholm Philharmonic, andNina Bodnar, who won the Thibaud International Competition in Paris. The Universities of California, Kansas, Illinois, Michigan, Colorado, Toronto, Southern California and the Osaka Music Academy of Japan were some of the universities where she was a visiting professor and guest lecturer. He was a professor at University of California, Santa Barbara and Long Beach State College. He produced films in music education and taught master classes at a number of universities. He died in Los Angeles."You have a choice: to create or not to create." It's easy to avoid criticism, just say nothing. The happiest times have always been when we have chamber music at our house. The warmth of musical and human beings is unique. When we share the same concept of an exquisite phrase, sculpt the same melodic line, linger and savor the same diminuendo, there are extraordinary flashes of insight, thrilling moments of truth. We look up from our music and smile. Few human beings are granted this level of spiritual communication.From Facing the Music. Most of the solo recordings made in the 1930s were on the Parlophone label. In The Book of the Violin, Dominic Gill said that the 1937 recording of the Schubert Rondo by <mask> was one of the best violin recordings of all time. The recordings were re-released on CD in 1992. He recorded works by George Frideric Handel, douard Lalo,Vincent d'Indy, Paul Dukas, Edvard Grieg and Antonn Dvok. DOREMI restored and 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 He recorded 11 Beethoven string quartets for RCA Victor.They were re-released on CD's in 2012 by United Archives. They recorded Joseph Haydn's "Emperor" and Mozart's "Dissonant" quartets on other labels. The 1 with Arthur Rubinstein was re-issued on the CD in 1999. He was the violin soloist in a 1941 recording of Don Quixote by the Pittsburgh Symphony. He recorded Ginastera's Cantata para America Magica and Carlos Chavez's Toccata for percussion instruments for Columbia Records. More than 100 articles were written for various periodicals, including Musical America, Etude, and Holiday. Roughly one-third of the essays concerned string playing and teaching and have recently been edited into a privately printed anthology augmented with photographs from his archives.Facing the Music was published in 1973. It was published in paperback in Germany. He wrote a second book of memoirs. References to Boris Schwarz. "Temianka, <mask>" is a song by Grove Music Online. "Temianka, <mask>," The Oxford Dictionary of Music, 2nd ed. There is an article about an article about an article about an article about an article about an article about an article about an article about an article about an article about an article about an article about an article about an article about an article about an article about an article about an article about an articleEd. May 15, 2009, Michael Kennedy, Oxford Music Online. The interview with G. Irwin was published in The Strad, xlv. The Discopaedia of the Violin was written by J. Creighton. The memoirs of Carl Flesch were written by C. Flesch. Corp., 1957. The Online Archive of California Obituary in The New York Times contains links to the <mask> Collection of Papers, Correspondence and Memorabilia at the UCLA Library.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce%20Fairbairn

Bruce Fairbairn

Bruce Earl Fairbairn (December 30, 1949 – May 17, 1999) was a Canadian musician and international record producer from Vancouver, British Columbia. He was active as a producer from 1976 to 1999, and is considered one of the best of his era. His most successful productions are Slippery When Wet and New Jersey by Bon Jovi, Permanent Vacation, Pump, and Get a Grip by Aerosmith, The Razors Edge by AC/DC, and Balance by Van Halen, each of which sold at least five million copies. He was originally a trumpet player, then started a career as a record producer for Canadian rock band Prism. Fairbairn won the Canadian music industry Producer of the Year Juno Award three times. He produced albums for many well-known international artists such as Loverboy, Blue Öyster Cult, Bon Jovi, Poison, Aerosmith, AC/DC, Scorpions, Van Halen, Chicago, The Cranberries, INXS, Kiss and Yes. His style was notable for introducing dynamic horn arrangements into rock music productions. Fairbairn died suddenly on May 17, 1999 due to unknown causes. Career Early life and Prism Fairbairn played the trumpet since the age of 5, as well as studying piano. Until the age of 16, he was a trumpetist in community groups. While in the 10th grade at Vancouver's Prince of Wales Secondary School, Fairbairn founded his first band The Spectres, managed by Bruce Allen, who would remain with Fairbairn through his career. In the early 1970s, Fairbairn started producing while he was part of the Vancouver jazz-rock group Sunshyne, in which he played both trumpet and horn. There he met bandmate Jim Vallance, who would go on to become one of the most successful songwriters in the music industry and an important music associate. After Vallance left Sunshyne in 1973, Fairbairn changed Sunshyne's format to blues-rock-pop. Fairbairn recruited guitarist Lindsay Mitchell, from Vancouver band Seeds of Time, as singer-songwriter and frontman. Fairbairn worked through 1974 to land a recording contract for Sunshyne, using demos of two songs written by Mitchell. By mid-1975, when Fairbairn could not close a record deal for Sunshyne, he approached Vallance for assistance. Vallance reworked the arrangements on the Mitchell songs and supplied three of his own at Fairbairn's request. One of the Vallance songs, "Open Soul Surgery" impressed an executive at record label GRT, who signed Fairbairn's group to a recording contract in 1976. Over the next year, Fairbairn produced an album using musicians from both Sunshyne and Seeds of Time (including himself). The newly-renamed band Prism released its debut album in 1977. The album reached platinum status in Canada, with sales in excess of 100,000 albums by 1978.1 Fairbairn himself, however, elected not to be a member of Prism, and is credited only as producer and as a session musician on the album, and he did not play with Prism in any live performances. Fairbairn produced Prism's next three albums, all of which went platinum or double platinum in Canada. In 1980, Fairbairn won his first of three Canadian music industry Producer of the Year Juno Awards for Prism's third album, Armageddon. Loverboy In 1980, while still working with Prism, Fairbairn started production work on the debut album for Canadian rock band Loverboy. The self-titled album Loverboy would be the first Fairbairn production to break through in the lucrative US market and launch Fairbairn's international success. Fairbairn's productions attracted a growing list of international artists to Vancouver's Little Mountain Sound Studios to work with him and his protégé Bob Rock. Over the next 5 years, Fairbairn's work on Blue Öyster Cult's 1983 album The Revölution by Night, Krokus' 1984 album The Blitz, and Canadian band Honeymoon Suite's arena rock 1985 album The Big Prize continued Fairbairn's string of international hits. Slippery When Wet Fairbairn's biggest commercial success is Bon Jovi's Slippery When Wet (1986), which made him a top-rate international producer. The album has sold over 28 million copies worldwide. "Bruce Fairbairn was a trumpet player," noted Jon Bon Jovi in 2007. "You couldn't get him on a guitar. And, for the first time, we were allowed to be us in the studio." "I've been lucky enough to work with so many different talents," Fairbairn noted, "but Bon Jovi may be the finest. There was record company pressure to deliver the hits, but they were a joy. People seem to concentrate so much on their success that they lose sight of how good these guys are." Permanent Vacation His next major production, Aerosmith's 1987 album Permanent Vacation, was another international success and generated a series of hits including "Dude (Looks Like a Lady)", "Angel", and "Rag Doll". Steven Tyler said that Fairbairn was instrumental in the creation of the album and "helped relight the fire under Aerosmith". Continued international success In 1988, Fairbairn produced the Bon Jovi album New Jersey, which holds the record for the hard rock/glam metal album to spawn the most Top 10 singles, with five singles charting in the Top 10 of the Billboard Hot 100, selling over seven million copies in the United States. Fairbain also produced Aerosmith's follow-up, 1989's Pump, which had sales in excess of seven million and was widely acclaimed by critics, and won him another "Producer of the Year" Juno Award. In the 1990s, Fairbairn worked with a string of internationally influential hard rock acts. In 1990 he produced AC/DC's The Razors Edge, and Poison's Flesh and Blood. In 1993, he produced another Aerosmith commercial hit, Get a Grip, which racked up sales of seven million and solidified the band's growing representation as international media stars. Next, Fairbairn produced Scorpions' Face the Heat and in 1995 Van Halen's Balance. Also in 1995, Fairbairn went to Vallance's Armoury Studios in Vancouver to work on Chicago's Night and Day: Big Band, and liked the studio so much he bought it from Vallance the following year. In late 1996, and through early 1997, Fairbairn produced INXS' 'comeback' album Elegantly Wasted which, while garnering mixed reviews, obtained sales that were higher than INXS' previous albums. Also, Fairbairn produced The Cranberries' To the Faithful Departed, and Kiss' reunion-album Psycho Circus. His last fully completed project was the Atomic Fireballs' Torch This Place for Atlantic Records in 1998, which Fairbairn described as "a return to my brass roots". Death and legacy During the mixing sessions for Yes' The Ladder, on May 17, 1999, Fairbairn was found dead by Yes singer Jon Anderson and Armoury manager Sheryl Preston in his Vancouver home. He was survived by his wife, Julie, with whom he had three sons: Scott, Kevin, and Brent. Bob Rock explained that, on the week Fairbairn died, the two were to travel to New York to meet Bon Jovi for another album together. A memorial, "A Celebration of the Life of Bruce Earl Fairbairn", held at the Vancouver Chan Centre, was attended by more than 300 people. Highlighted by reminiscences from close friends, the event included musical performances from Jon Anderson and Steve Howe performing the song "Nine Voices" from Yes' The Ladder sessions, as well as Tom Keenlyside, guitarist David Sinclair and finally, "Taps" played on Bruce's trumpet by son Brent. In March 2000, Fairbairn was posthumously awarded the Canadian Music Hall of Fame Juno Award for his work. In his interviews concerning The Ladder, Fairbairn can be seen in short sections in the bonus material on Yes' Live at the House of Blues DVD. Production discography 1977: Prism - Prism (2x Platinum) 1978: Prism - See Forever Eyes (Platinum) 1978: Prism - Live Tonite 1979: Prism - Armageddon (2x Platinum) 1979: Ian Lloyd - Goose Bumps 1980: Prism - Young and Restless (Platinum) 1980: Loverboy - Loverboy (2x Platinum) 1980: The Skids - Days in Europa (Second Version) 1980: Ian Lloyd - 3WC 1981: Loverboy - Get Lucky (4x Platinum) 1982: Strange Advance - Worlds Away 1982: Kasim Sulton - Kasim 1983: Blue Öyster Cult - The Revölution by Night 1983: Loverboy - Keep It Up (2x Platinum) 1984: Krokus - The Blitz (Gold) 1984: Fast Forward - Living in Fiction 1985: Black n' Blue - Without Love 1985: Honeymoon Suite - The Big Prize 1986: Bon Jovi - Slippery When Wet (12x Platinum) 1987: Aerosmith - Permanent Vacation (5x Platinum) 1987: Rock and Hyde - Under the Volcano 1987: Loverboy - Wildside (Gold) 1988: Dan Reed Network - Dan Reed Network 1988: Bon Jovi - New Jersey (7x Platinum) 1989: Aerosmith - Pump (7x Platinum) 1989: Stairway to Heaven/Highway to Hell 1989: Gorky Park - Gorky Park 1990: AC/DC - The Razors Edge (5x Platinum) 1990: Paul Laine - Stick It in Your Ear 1990: Poison - Flesh & Blood (3x Platinum) 1991: Dan Reed Network - The Heat 1991: AC/DC - Live (3x Platinum) 1993: Aerosmith - Get a Grip (7x Platinum) 1993: Scorpions - Face the Heat (Gold) 1994: Jackyl - Push Comes to Shove (Gold) 1995: Van Halen - Balance (3x Platinum) 1995: Chicago - Night & Day: Big Band 1996: The Cranberries - To the Faithful Departed (2x Platinum) 1997: INXS - Elegantly Wasted 1997: Noise Therapy - Cyclops 1998: Kiss - Psycho Circus (Gold) 1998: Atomic Fireballs - Torch This Place 1999: Yes - The Ladder See also Music of Canada Canadian Music Hall of Fame References 1949 births 1999 deaths Canadian audio engineers Canadian record producers Jack Richardson Producer of the Year Award winners Musicians from Vancouver 20th-century American musicians 20th-century Canadian male musicians

<mask> (December 30, 1949 – May 17, 1999) was a Canadian musician and international record producer from Vancouver, British Columbia. He was active as a producer from 1976 to 1999, and is considered one of the best of his era. His most successful productions are Slippery When Wet and New Jersey by Bon Jovi, Permanent Vacation, Pump, and Get a Grip by Aerosmith, The Razors Edge by AC/DC, and Balance by Van Halen, each of which sold at least five million copies. He was originally a trumpet player, then started a career as a record producer for Canadian rock band Prism. Fairbairn won the Canadian music industry Producer of the Year Juno Award three times. He produced albums for many well-known international artists such as Loverboy, Blue Öyster Cult, Bon Jovi, Poison, Aerosmith, AC/DC, Scorpions, Van Halen, Chicago, The Cranberries, INXS, Kiss and Yes. His style was notable for introducing dynamic horn arrangements into rock music productions.Fairbairn died suddenly on May 17, 1999 due to unknown causes. Career Early life and Prism <mask> played the trumpet since the age of 5, as well as studying piano. Until the age of 16, he was a trumpetist in community groups. While in the 10th grade at Vancouver's Prince of Wales Secondary School, Fairbairn founded his first band The Spectres, managed by <mask>, who would remain with Fairbairn through his career. In the early 1970s, Fairbairn started producing while he was part of the Vancouver jazz-rock group Sunshyne, in which he played both trumpet and horn. There he met bandmate Jim Vallance, who would go on to become one of the most successful songwriters in the music industry and an important music associate. After Vallance left Sunshyne in 1973, Fairbairn changed Sunshyne's format to blues-rock-pop.Fairbairn recruited guitarist Lindsay Mitchell, from Vancouver band Seeds of Time, as singer-songwriter and frontman. Fairbairn worked through 1974 to land a recording contract for Sunshyne, using demos of two songs written by Mitchell. By mid-1975, when Fairbairn could not close a record deal for Sunshyne, he approached Vallance for assistance. Vallance reworked the arrangements on the Mitchell songs and supplied three of his own at Fairbairn's request. One of the Vallance songs, "Open Soul Surgery" impressed an executive at record label GRT, who signed Fairbairn's group to a recording contract in 1976. Over the next year, Fairbairn produced an album using musicians from both Sunshyne and Seeds of Time (including himself). The newly-renamed band Prism released its debut album in 1977.The album reached platinum status in Canada, with sales in excess of 100,000 albums by 1978.1 Fairbairn himself, however, elected not to be a member of Prism, and is credited only as producer and as a session musician on the album, and he did not play with Prism in any live performances. Fairbairn produced Prism's next three albums, all of which went platinum or double platinum in Canada. In 1980, Fairbairn won his first of three Canadian music industry Producer of the Year Juno Awards for Prism's third album, Armageddon. Loverboy In 1980, while still working with Prism, Fairbairn started production work on the debut album for Canadian rock band Loverboy. The self-titled album Loverboy would be the first Fairbairn production to break through in the lucrative US market and launch Fairbairn's international success. Fairbairn's productions attracted a growing list of international artists to Vancouver's Little Mountain Sound Studios to work with him and his protégé Bob Rock. Over the next 5 years, Fairbairn's work on Blue Öyster Cult's 1983 album The Revölution by Night, Krokus' 1984 album The Blitz, and Canadian band Honeymoon Suite's arena rock 1985 album The Big Prize continued Fairbairn's string of international hits.Slippery When Wet <mask>'s biggest commercial success is Bon Jovi's Slippery When Wet (1986), which made him a top-rate international producer. The album has sold over 28 million copies worldwide. "<mask> was a trumpet player," noted Jon Bon Jovi in 2007. "You couldn't get him on a guitar. And, for the first time, we were allowed to be us in the studio." "I've been lucky enough to work with so many different talents," Fairbairn noted, "but Bon Jovi may be the finest. There was record company pressure to deliver the hits, but they were a joy.People seem to concentrate so much on their success that they lose sight of how good these guys are." Permanent Vacation His next major production, Aerosmith's 1987 album Permanent Vacation, was another international success and generated a series of hits including "Dude (Looks Like a Lady)", "Angel", and "Rag Doll". Steven Tyler said that Fairbairn was instrumental in the creation of the album and "helped relight the fire under Aerosmith". Continued international success In 1988, Fairbairn produced the Bon Jovi album New Jersey, which holds the record for the hard rock/glam metal album to spawn the most Top 10 singles, with five singles charting in the Top 10 of the Billboard Hot 100, selling over seven million copies in the United States. Fairbain also produced Aerosmith's follow-up, 1989's Pump, which had sales in excess of seven million and was widely acclaimed by critics, and won him another "Producer of the Year" Juno Award. In the 1990s, Fairbairn worked with a string of internationally influential hard rock acts. In 1990 he produced AC/DC's The Razors Edge, and Poison's Flesh and Blood.In 1993, he produced another Aerosmith commercial hit, Get a Grip, which racked up sales of seven million and solidified the band's growing representation as international media stars. Next, Fairbairn produced Scorpions' Face the Heat and in 1995 Van Halen's Balance. Also in 1995, Fairbairn went to Vallance's Armoury Studios in Vancouver to work on Chicago's Night and Day: Big Band, and liked the studio so much he bought it from Vallance the following year. In late 1996, and through early 1997, Fairbairn produced INXS' 'comeback' album Elegantly Wasted which, while garnering mixed reviews, obtained sales that were higher than INXS' previous albums. Also, Fairbairn produced The Cranberries' To the Faithful Departed, and Kiss' reunion-album Psycho Circus. His last fully completed project was the Atomic Fireballs' Torch This Place for Atlantic Records in 1998, which Fairbairn described as "a return to my brass roots". Death and legacy During the mixing sessions for Yes' The Ladder, on May 17, 1999, Fairbairn was found dead by Yes singer Jon Anderson and Armoury manager Sheryl Preston in his Vancouver home.He was survived by his wife, Julie, with whom he had three sons: Scott, Kevin, and Brent. Bob Rock explained that, on the week <mask> died, the two were to travel to New York to meet Bon Jovi for another album together. A memorial, "A Celebration of the Life of <mask> <mask>", held at the Vancouver Chan Centre, was attended by more than 300 people. Highlighted by reminiscences from close friends, the event included musical performances from Jon Anderson and Steve Howe performing the song "Nine Voices" from Yes' The Ladder sessions, as well as Tom Keenlyside, guitarist David Sinclair and finally, "Taps" played on <mask>'s trumpet by son Brent. In March 2000, <mask> was posthumously awarded the Canadian Music Hall of Fame Juno Award for his work. In his interviews concerning The Ladder, Fairbairn can be seen in short sections in the bonus material on Yes' Live at the House of Blues DVD.

<mask> was a Canadian musician and international record producer. He was a producer from 1976 to 1999 and is considered one of the best of his era. Bon Jovi's Slippery When Wet and New Jersey are two of his most successful productions that have sold at least five million copies. He started his career as a record producer for a Canadian rock band. The producer of the year award was won by <mask> three times. He produced albums for many well-known international artists such as Bon Jovi, Poison, AC/DC, Van Halen, INXS, Kiss and Yes. Dynamic horn arrangements were introduced into rock music productions by his style.On May 17, 1999, <mask> died suddenly. As a child, <mask> played the trumpet and studied the piano. He was a trumpetist in community groups until he was 16. While in the 10th grade at Prince of Wales Secondary School, <mask> founded his first band, The Spectres, managed by <mask>, who would remain with him through his career. While he was in the band Sunshyne, <mask> started producing while he was playing both trumpet and horn. Jim Vallance would go on to become one of the most successful writers in the music industry and an important music associate. Sunshyne's format was changed to blues-rock-pop after Vallance left.Lindsay Mitchell is from the band Seeds of Time. demos of two songs written by Mitchell were used to land a recording contract for Sunshyne. Vallance assisted Fairbairn when he couldn't close a record deal for Sunshyne. Vallance reworked the arrangements for the Mitchell songs and gave three of his own. One of the Vallance songs, "Open Soul Surgery" impressed an executive at record label GRT, who signed Fairbairn's group to a recording contract in 1976. <mask> produced an album using musicians from both Sunshyne and Seeds of Time. The debut album of the band was released in 1977.The album reached Platinum status in Canada, with sales in excess of 100,000 albums by 1978.<mask> himself, however, elected not to be a member of Prism, and is credited only as producer and as a session musician on the album. The next three albums produced by Fairbairn went double or Platinum in Canada. <mask> won the first of his three Canadian music industry producer of the year awards for Armageddon in 1980. The debut album for Canadian rock band Loverboy was produced by Fairbairn. The first Fairbairn production to break through in the lucrative US market would be the self-titled album Loverboy. Bob Rock and Fairbairn's productions attracted a growing list of international artists to Little Mountain Sound Studios to work with them. Blue yster Cult's 1983 album The Revlution by Night was one of the albums that Fairbairn worked on over the next 5 years.His biggest commercial success is Bon Jovi's Slippery When Wet, which made him a top-rate international producer. The album has sold over 28 million copies. Jon Bon Jovi said that <mask> was a trumpet player. He couldn't play a guitar. We were allowed to be in the studio for the first time. "I've been lucky enough to work with many different talents, but Bon Jovi may be the best," Fairbairn said. The hits were a joy despite the record company pressure.People lose sight of how good these guys are when they concentrate on their success. His 1987 album Permanent Vacation was another international success and generated a number of hits including "Angel" and "Rag Doll". Steven Tyler said that <mask> was instrumental in the creation of the album. Bon Jovi's album New Jersey sold over seven million copies in the United States, making it the most successful hard rock/glam metal album of all time. In 1989's Pump, which had sales in excess of seven million and was widely acclaimed by critics, Fairbain won the "Producer of the Year" award. Fairbairn worked with a number of influential hard rock acts in the 1990s. AC/DC's The Razors Edge and Poison's Flesh and Blood were produced by him.In 1993, he produced another commercial hit for the band, Get a Grip, which sold seven million copies and solidified the band's growing representation as international media stars. In 1995 Van Halen's Balance and Scorpions' Face the Heat were produced. Fairbairn bought the studio from Vallance after he worked on Chicago's Night and Day: Big Band there. In late 1996, and through early 1997, Fairbairn produced INXS' 'comeback' album, which received mixed reviews, but gained sales that were higher than INXS' previous albums. The Cranberries' To the Faithful Departed and Kiss' reunion-album Psycho Circus were produced by Fairbairn. His last completed project was the Atomic Fireballs' Torch This Place for Atlantic Records in 1998. Fairbairn was found dead in his home on May 17, 1999, during the mixing sessions for Yes' The Ladder.He had three sons with his wife, Julie. Bob Rock said that the two were going to New York to meet Bon Jovi for another album. More than 300 people attended a memorial for <mask> Fairbairn. Jon Anderson and Steve Howe performed a song from Yes' The Ladder sessions, as well as Tom Keenlyside, guitarist David Sinclair and <mask>'s trumpet, at the event. The Canadian Music Hall of Fame awarded Fairbairn an award in 2000. The bonus material on Yes' Live at the House of Blues DVD contains interviews with Fairbairn about The Ladder.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campbell%20MacKenzie-Richards

Campbell MacKenzie-Richards

Campbell Mackenzie-Richards (1900–1927) was a pioneer English aviator, Royal Air Force test pilot, and air race contestant, who was killed testing experimental equipment in November 1927. Early life Campbell MacKenzie-Richards was born on 6 January 1900 in Streatham, London, the grandson of Peter Felix Richards (born 1808 in Edinburgh, Scotland; died 14 November 1868 in Shanghai, China), the founder of the Astor House, Shanghai; and the son of Peter Felix Mackenzie-Richards (born about 1863 in Shanghai; died 18 December 1920 in Colchester, Essex), a civil engineer, and Mary Edith "Mollie" MacRae (born 1 July 1869 in Brighton, Sussex; died 7 December 1954 at Heigham Hall, a private mental hospital in Norwich, Norfolk), who had married on 4 September 1893 at St. Leonard's Church, Upper Deal, Kent. MacKenzie-Richards was baptised on 1 March 1900 at the Holy Trinity Church at Upper Tooting. MacKenzie-Richards was the brother of Kenneth (born 1894 in Kensington; died 26 December 1980); Ursula (born 13 November 1902; died 11 December 1995); and Mary (born 1907 in Woodbridge, Suffolk; died 1983). Campbell MacKenzie-Richards was educated at the Woodbridge School in Suffolk. Career During World War I MacKenzie-Richards served in the British Merchant Navy and was decorated twice. Around 1923 MacKenzie-Richards joined the Royal Air Force. On 24 January 1924 he was confirmed as Pilot Officer and later was promoted to the rank of Flying Officer, and was attached to the Bombing Squadron based at Martlesham Heath. After earning the reputation of being a highly skilled pilot, MacKenzie-Richards was attached to the experimental staff of the Royal Aircraft Establishment at Farnborough. As part of the Airship Development Programme, from 9 October 1925 a hook-equipped de Havilland Humming Bird (Registration G-EBQP) was used in a short series of experiments with "an obsolete underpowered type of airship", HMA R33 (known colloquially as the "Pulham Pig") in an attempt to develop an airborne aircraft carrier. On 15 October 1925 the Humming Bird flown by Squadron Leader Rollo Haig, was released from the R33, and became the first to reattach an aircraft to a rigid airship, although the propeller was damaged as he reattached and he detached again to glide to a separate landing at the aerodrome. On 4 December 1925 Flight Lieutenant Janor, flying a Humming Bird was the first to successfully hook an aeroplane onto a rigid airship and remain attached until the airship landed. Previously the Royal Air Force had modified two F.1 Sopwith Camels (serials N6622 and N6814) for trials by No. 212 Squadron RAF with airship HMA 23r, which culminated in Lt. R.E. Keys piloting one on 6 November 1918, and the first launch and recovery of an aircraft in mid-air had been performed by the US Army TC-3 blimp on 15 December 1924, with a Sperry Messenger biplane performing a sortie from and back to a "skyhook" attached to the blimp. On Thursday 21 October 1926, MacKenzie-Richards and Flying Officer (later Air Vice-Marshal) R.L. Ragg participated in the experimental trials of launching twin parasite aircraft from retractable trapezes attached under the keel of the R33 using two Gloster Grebe fighters (J.7400 and J.7385) from Pulham aerodrome. The first Grebe, flown by MacKenzie-Richards, which was positioned aft, was released at 10.17am over Pulham at an altitude of 2,500 feet (762 metres), and, after diving for about 100 ft (30 metres), it levelled out. The Times reported the next day: "The aeroplane, with her engine running, dropped like a stone and then regaining control, MacKenzie-Richards performed a series of stunts, looping-the-loop, rolling and flying upside down", while Flight indicated that the plane "gambolled gaily in the air as if glad to be free, at last, from the maternal apron strings," before landing safely back at Pulham. After some difficulty in starting the engine, the second Grebe piloted by Ragg, which had been positioned abaft of the first Grebe, was successfully released at 11.30am from a slightly higher altitude over Cardington, Bedfordshire, and made a safe landing at Cardington. In another experiment, the Grebes piloted by MacKenzie-Richards and Ragg were released from 2,000 feet and were able to fly and then reattach their planes to a skyhook on the airship. Despite the successful trials, the technique was never adopted. Air racing MacKenzie-Richards was a member of the Royal Aircraft Establishment (R.A.E.) Aero Club, and competed in air races. In June 1927 MacKenzie-Richards took part in the Whitsun weekend air races (4 and 6 June 1927) at the Ensbury Park racecourse (near Bournemouth), winning from scratch convincingly the delayed first race of the meet on Saturday, 4 June 1927, the Low Power Handicap for aeroplanes with engines less than 1500cc, against three other competitors (two others had withdrawn) in de Havilland Humming Bird G-EBQP, a single-seat ultralight monoplane that had been used in the R33 trials, with a Bristol Cherub III engine. at 73.5 miles per hour. The crash of a de Havilland DH.37A earlier on 4 June 1927, and the collision of a Westland Widgeon and a Blackburn Bluebird on Whit Monday, 6 June 1927, which resulted in the death of two pilots and a passenger in front of thousands of spectators forced the cessation of further air races at Ensbury Park racecourse, and its eventual sale to a housing developer. During the Nottingham Flying Meeting held at the Hucknall Torkard aerodrome at Hucknall, Nottinghamshire on the Summer Bank Holiday weekend, which included the 6th King's Cup Race, after starting from the scratch position, Mackenzie-Richards came third flying the same Humming Bird in "ideal flying conditions" over the 8.5-mile single-lap course in the Papplewick Stakes Low-power Handicap, the first event held at 11.30am on Monday, 1 August 1927, and received £10. Marriage On Wednesday 17 August 1927, MacKenzie-Richards married Mirabel Cobbold (born 2 May 1904), who had earned a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Oxford in 1926, the only child of Lt. Col. Ernest Cazenove Cobbold CB (born 15 January 1866 at Ufford, Suffolk; died 1932), of the York and Lancaster Regiment, and Edith Mary White (died 1949), at the St Peter and St Paul's Parish Church at Aldeburgh, Suffolk. Death and inquest MacKenzie-Richards was killed in a night flying accident at East Grinstead, Surrey on 9 November 1927 . MacKenzie-Richards was engaged in testing night navigating devices at Croydon aerodrome, including two new illuminated wind vanes erected there experimentally. On Wednesday, 9 November 1927, flying Bristol fighter C810, MacKenzie-Richards had finished his work at 5.30pm and left Croydon with Professor Harry Norman Green. Green (born 21 September 1902 in Sheffield, England; died 16 May 1967) was educated at the Central Secondary School in Sheffield, and received his undergraduate and medical degrees from Sheffield University, specialising in pathology. He taught at the Sheffield University (1926–1933, 1935–1953), Cambridge University (1933–1935), and the University of Leeds (1953–1967). Green's research interests focused on the immune system in cancer induction and growth. In 1947 Green was appointed Director of Cancer. a pathologist and member of the faculty of medicine (and later the Department of Pharmacology) at the University of Sheffield, as his observer. They attempted to make their way back to Farnborough, but the compass was 30 degrees out when they left. Failing to find Farnborough they attempted to return to Croydon. They flew back without seeing anything they recognised until they estimated they were over Croydon. They could not pick up any indication of Croydon nor could they see any lights. They spoke on the 'telephone' and MacKenzie-Richards suggested that they had better make a forced landing before they ran out of petrol – they only had about 20 minutes fuel remaining. He came down low and asked Green to look for a field. Presently he said that he could not see a field that he could land in and he lit a flare. There was a certain amount of mist, but nothing exceptional. They just missed some trees and climbed back up to 2,000 feet. As Green had never used a parachute before, MacKenzie-Richards briefed him particularly about not pulling the ripcord until he was clear of the aircraft. Green questioned whether the aircraft could be rolled onto its back so that they could both get out, but MacKenzie-Richards refused, saying that Green should go. At the inquest Green explained how he had one foot on the seat and one on the side waiting for the signal to jump. MacKenzie-Richards throttled the engine down and turned around, put his hand out and pushed Green. Green landed in a field and was perfectly alright. MacKenzie-Richards was found in another field, but there was no sign of life; his parachute was open. The Coroner's conclusion was that by the time MacKenzie-Richards left the aircraft he was too close to the ground and that his parachute failed to fully deploy. At the inquest a Major Cooper informed the Court that the compasses were checked periodically on the ground, and that he was satisfied that this compass had been tested at certain periods. He pointed out that this had been an experimental aircraft, which had certain experimental lights, and the evidence suggested that one of the pieces of wiring had an effect on the compass after the machine had left the ground. It was quite possible that the error in the compass only occurred when the current was generated. The wreckage of the aircraft was found in a wood about two hundred yards from where his body was found. He is buried at the parish church of St. Andrew, Great Yeldham. Legacy MacKenzie-Richards was promoted posthumously to Flight Lieutenant in the Royal Air Force. After his death, his only child, Gillian Campbell MacKenzie-Richards, was born in Aldeburgh, in 1928. For three years, Mirabel and Gillian lived in Aldeburgh. On 1 July 1931, Mirabel married Canadian farmer, Charles Robert Orr-Simpson, of British Columbia. On 14 July 1931 Mirabel and Gillian migrated to Canada on the Empress of Britain. On 26 February 1934, the Simpson family arrived in Southampton on Warwick Castle from Cape Town via Madeira, intending to live in Bath, Somerset. By June 1935, Mirabel was living in Clacton-on-Sea, Essex. References and notes External links Photo of Campbell MacKenzie-Richards in Humming Bird J7326 (G-EBQP) Video of HMA R33 launching a Grebe fighter Photo of HMA R33 launching a Grebe fighter Photo of HMA R33 with two Grebe fighters attached while moored HMA R33 with two Grebe fighters attached while moored Close-up Photo of HMA R33 with two Grebe fighters attached in flight Photo of HMA R33 with two Grebe fighters attached in flight British Pathe: 1927 Air races at Ensbury Park racecourse, Bournemouth 2009 photo of De Havilland DH.53 Humming Bird, G-EBQP/J7326 flown by MacKenzie-Richards in air races in 1927 Photo of Humming Bird J7326 (G-EBQP) at the De Havilland Aircraft Heritage Centre Photo of Humming Bird J7326 (G-EBQP) at the De Havilland Aircraft Heritage Centre Photo of Humming Bird J7326 (G-EBQP) at the De Havilland Aircraft Heritage Centre Article: "The Flying Aircraft Carrier: Why?" with photos of R33 and Gloster Grebes Short article and photo about the air-launching experiments carried out with the Gloster Grebes 1900 births 1927 deaths British Merchant Service personnel of World War I Royal Air Force officers British test pilots Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents in England De Havilland People educated at Woodbridge School People from Streatham Anglo-Scots English aviators Air racers

<mask> (1900–1927) was a pioneer English aviator, Royal Air Force test pilot, and air race contestant, who was killed testing experimental equipment in November 1927. Early life <mask> was born on 6 January 1900 in Streatham, London, the grandson of Peter Felix Richards (born 1808 in Edinburgh, Scotland; died 14 November 1868 in Shanghai, China), the founder of the Astor House, Shanghai; and the son of Peter Felix Mackenzie-Richards (born about 1863 in Shanghai; died 18 December 1920 in Colchester, Essex), a civil engineer, and Mary Edith "Mollie" MacRae (born 1 July 1869 in Brighton, Sussex; died 7 December 1954 at Heigham Hall, a private mental hospital in Norwich, Norfolk), who had married on 4 September 1893 at St. Leonard's Church, Upper Deal, Kent. MacKenzie-Richards was baptised on 1 March 1900 at the Holy Trinity Church at Upper Tooting. MacKenzie-Richards was the brother of Kenneth (born 1894 in Kensington; died 26 December 1980); Ursula (born 13 November 1902; died 11 December 1995); and Mary (born 1907 in Woodbridge, Suffolk; died 1983). <mask> was educated at the Woodbridge School in Suffolk. Career During World War I MacKenzie-Richards served in the British Merchant Navy and was decorated twice. Around 1923 MacKenzie-Richards joined the Royal Air Force.On 24 January 1924 he was confirmed as Pilot Officer and later was promoted to the rank of Flying Officer, and was attached to the Bombing Squadron based at Martlesham Heath. After earning the reputation of being a highly skilled pilot, MacKenzie-Richards was attached to the experimental staff of the Royal Aircraft Establishment at Farnborough. As part of the Airship Development Programme, from 9 October 1925 a hook-equipped de Havilland Humming Bird (Registration G-EBQP) was used in a short series of experiments with "an obsolete underpowered type of airship", HMA R33 (known colloquially as the "Pulham Pig") in an attempt to develop an airborne aircraft carrier. On 15 October 1925 the Humming Bird flown by Squadron Leader Rollo Haig, was released from the R33, and became the first to reattach an aircraft to a rigid airship, although the propeller was damaged as he reattached and he detached again to glide to a separate landing at the aerodrome. On 4 December 1925 Flight Lieutenant Janor, flying a Humming Bird was the first to successfully hook an aeroplane onto a rigid airship and remain attached until the airship landed. Previously the Royal Air Force had modified two F.1 Sopwith Camels (serials N6622 and N6814) for trials by No. 212 Squadron RAF with airship HMA 23r, which culminated in Lt. R.E.Keys piloting one on 6 November 1918, and the first launch and recovery of an aircraft in mid-air had been performed by the US Army TC-3 blimp on 15 December 1924, with a Sperry Messenger biplane performing a sortie from and back to a "skyhook" attached to the blimp. On Thursday 21 October 1926, MacKenzie-Richards and Flying Officer (later Air Vice-Marshal) R.L. Ragg participated in the experimental trials of launching twin parasite aircraft from retractable trapezes attached under the keel of the R33 using two Gloster Grebe fighters (J.7400 and J.7385) from Pulham aerodrome. The first Grebe, flown by MacKenzie-Richards, which was positioned aft, was released at 10.17am over Pulham at an altitude of 2,500 feet (762 metres), and, after diving for about 100 ft (30 metres), it levelled out. The Times reported the next day: "The aeroplane, with her engine running, dropped like a stone and then regaining control, MacKenzie-Richards performed a series of stunts, looping-the-loop, rolling and flying upside down", while Flight indicated that the plane "gambolled gaily in the air as if glad to be free, at last, from the maternal apron strings," before landing safely back at Pulham. After some difficulty in starting the engine, the second Grebe piloted by Ragg, which had been positioned abaft of the first Grebe, was successfully released at 11.30am from a slightly higher altitude over Cardington, Bedfordshire, and made a safe landing at Cardington. In another experiment, the Grebes piloted by MacKenzie-Richards and Ragg were released from 2,000 feet and were able to fly and then reattach their planes to a skyhook on the airship.Despite the successful trials, the technique was never adopted. Air racing MacKenzie-Richards was a member of the Royal Aircraft Establishment (R.A.E.) Aero Club, and competed in air races. In June 1927 MacKenzie-Richards took part in the Whitsun weekend air races (4 and 6 June 1927) at the Ensbury Park racecourse (near Bournemouth), winning from scratch convincingly the delayed first race of the meet on Saturday, 4 June 1927, the Low Power Handicap for aeroplanes with engines less than 1500cc, against three other competitors (two others had withdrawn) in de Havilland Humming Bird G-EBQP, a single-seat ultralight monoplane that had been used in the R33 trials, with a Bristol Cherub III engine. at 73.5 miles per hour. The crash of a de Havilland DH.37A earlier on 4 June 1927, and the collision of a Westland Widgeon and a Blackburn Bluebird on Whit Monday, 6 June 1927, which resulted in the death of two pilots and a passenger in front of thousands of spectators forced the cessation of further air races at Ensbury Park racecourse, and its eventual sale to a housing developer. During the Nottingham Flying Meeting held at the Hucknall Torkard aerodrome at Hucknall, Nottinghamshire on the Summer Bank Holiday weekend, which included the 6th King's Cup Race, after starting from the scratch position, Mackenzie-Richards came third flying the same Humming Bird in "ideal flying conditions" over the 8.5-mile single-lap course in the Papplewick Stakes Low-power Handicap, the first event held at 11.30am on Monday, 1 August 1927, and received £10.Marriage On Wednesday 17 August 1927, MacKenzie-Richards married Mirabel Cobbold (born 2 May 1904), who had earned a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Oxford in 1926, the only child of Lt. Col. Ernest Cazenove Cobbold CB (born 15 January 1866 at Ufford, Suffolk; died 1932), of the York and Lancaster Regiment, and Edith Mary White (died 1949), at the St Peter and St Paul's Parish Church at Aldeburgh, Suffolk. Death and inquest MacKenzie-Richards was killed in a night flying accident at East Grinstead, Surrey on 9 November 1927 . MacKenzie-Richards was engaged in testing night navigating devices at Croydon aerodrome, including two new illuminated wind vanes erected there experimentally. On Wednesday, 9 November 1927, flying Bristol fighter C810, MacKenzie-Richards had finished his work at 5.30pm and left Croydon with Professor Harry Norman Green. Green (born 21 September 1902 in Sheffield, England; died 16 May 1967) was educated at the Central Secondary School in Sheffield, and received his undergraduate and medical degrees from Sheffield University, specialising in pathology. He taught at the Sheffield University (1926–1933, 1935–1953), Cambridge University (1933–1935), and the University of Leeds (1953–1967). Green's research interests focused on the immune system in cancer induction and growth.In 1947 Green was appointed Director of Cancer. a pathologist and member of the faculty of medicine (and later the Department of Pharmacology) at the University of Sheffield, as his observer. They attempted to make their way back to Farnborough, but the compass was 30 degrees out when they left. Failing to find Farnborough they attempted to return to Croydon. They flew back without seeing anything they recognised until they estimated they were over Croydon. They could not pick up any indication of Croydon nor could they see any lights. They spoke on the 'telephone' and MacKenzie-Richards suggested that they had better make a forced landing before they ran out of petrol – they only had about 20 minutes fuel remaining.He came down low and asked Green to look for a field. Presently he said that he could not see a field that he could land in and he lit a flare. There was a certain amount of mist, but nothing exceptional. They just missed some trees and climbed back up to 2,000 feet. As Green had never used a parachute before, MacKenzie-Richards briefed him particularly about not pulling the ripcord until he was clear of the aircraft. Green questioned whether the aircraft could be rolled onto its back so that they could both get out, but MacKenzie-Richards refused, saying that Green should go. At the inquest Green explained how he had one foot on the seat and one on the side waiting for the signal to jump.MacKenzie-Richards throttled the engine down and turned around, put his hand out and pushed Green. Green landed in a field and was perfectly alright. MacKenzie-Richards was found in another field, but there was no sign of life; his parachute was open. The Coroner's conclusion was that by the time MacKenzie-Richards left the aircraft he was too close to the ground and that his parachute failed to fully deploy. At the inquest a Major Cooper informed the Court that the compasses were checked periodically on the ground, and that he was satisfied that this compass had been tested at certain periods. He pointed out that this had been an experimental aircraft, which had certain experimental lights, and the evidence suggested that one of the pieces of wiring had an effect on the compass after the machine had left the ground. It was quite possible that the error in the compass only occurred when the current was generated.The wreckage of the aircraft was found in a wood about two hundred yards from where his body was found. He is buried at the parish church of St. Andrew, Great Yeldham. Legacy MacKenzie-Richards was promoted posthumously to Flight Lieutenant in the Royal Air Force. After his death, his only child, <mask> MacKenzie-Richards, was born in Aldeburgh, in 1928. For three years, Mirabel and Gillian lived in Aldeburgh. On 1 July 1931, Mirabel married Canadian farmer, Charles Robert Orr-Simpson, of British Columbia. On 14 July 1931 Mirabel and Gillian migrated to Canada on the Empress of Britain.On 26 February 1934, the Simpson family arrived in Southampton on Warwick Castle from Cape Town via Madeira, intending to live in Bath, Somerset. By June 1935, Mirabel was living in Clacton-on-Sea, Essex. References and notes External links Photo of <mask>-Richards in Humming Bird J7326 (G-EBQP) Video of HMA R33 launching a Grebe fighter Photo of HMA R33 launching a Grebe fighter Photo of HMA R33 with two Grebe fighters attached while moored HMA R33 with two Grebe fighters attached while moored Close-up Photo of HMA R33 with two Grebe fighters attached in flight Photo of HMA R33 with two Grebe fighters attached in flight British Pathe: 1927 Air races at Ensbury Park racecourse, Bournemouth 2009 photo of De Havilland DH.53 Humming Bird, G-EBQP/J7326 flown by MacKenzie-Richards in air races in 1927 Photo of Humming Bird J7326 (G-EBQP) at the De Havilland Aircraft Heritage Centre Photo of Humming Bird J7326 (G-EBQP) at the De Havilland Aircraft Heritage Centre Photo of Humming Bird J7326 (G-EBQP) at the De Havilland Aircraft Heritage Centre Article: "The Flying Aircraft Carrier: Why?" with photos of R33 and Gloster Grebes Short article and photo about the air-launching experiments carried out with the Gloster Grebes 1900 births 1927 deaths British Merchant Service personnel of World War I Royal Air Force officers British test pilots Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents in England De Havilland People educated at Woodbridge School People from Streatham Anglo-Scots English aviators Air racers

<mask> was a pioneer English aviator, Royal Air Force test pilot, and air race contestant who was killed testing experimental equipment in 1927. <mask> was the grandson of Peter Felix Richards and the founder of the Astor House, and he was born in 1900. The Holy Trinity Church at Upper Tooting had abaptism on 1 March 1900. Kenneth, Ursula, and Mary were the siblings of MacKenzie-Richards. <mask> was educated at a school in Suffolk. During World War I, MacKenzie-Richards served in the British Merchant Navy and was decorated twice. The Royal Air Force was formed around 1923.He was promoted to the rank of Flying Officer after being confirmed as Pilot Officer on 24 January 1924. After earning the reputation of being a highly skilled pilot, MacKenzie-Richards was attached to the experimental staff of the Royal Aircraft Establishment. The de Havilland Humming Bird was used in a series of experiments with an obsolete underpowered type of airship. On 15 October 1925 the Humming Bird was released from the R33 and flew to a separate landing at the aerodrome, although the propeller was damaged as he was reattached and he detached again to glide to a separate landing. Flight Lieutenant Janor, flying a Humming Bird, was the first to successfully hook an airplane onto a rigid airship and remain attached until it landed. The Royal Air Force used to modify two F.1 Sopwith Camels for trials. The squadron ended up in Lt. R.E.The first launch and recovery of an aircraft in mid-air was performed by the US Army on December 15, 1924, with a Sperry Messenger biplane performing a sortie from and back to a "skyhook" attached to the blimp. Air Vice-Marshal R.L. was founded on Thursday 21 October 1926. The twin parasites were launched from the retractable trapezes attached to the R33 using two Gloster Grebe fighters. The first Grebe was released at 10.17am over Pulham at an altitude of 2,500 feet (762 metres), and after diving for about 100 feet (30 metres), it leveled out. The plane dropped like a stone and then regained control, as reported by The Times and Flight. After some difficulty in starting the engine, the second Grebe piloted by Ragg, which had been positioned abaft of the first Grebe, was successfully released from a slightly higher altitude over Cardington, Bedfordshire, and made a safe landing at Cardington. In another experiment, the Grebes piloted by MacKenzie-Richards and Ragg were released from 2,000 feet and were able to fly.The technique was never adopted despite the successful trials. MacKenzie-Richards was a member of the R.A.E. The Aero Club competed in air races. In the first race of the meet on Saturday, 4 June 1927, the Low Power Handicap for aeroplanes with engines was won by MacKenzie-Richards from scratch. At 73.5 miles per hour. Two pilots and a passenger died in front of thousands of spectators when a de Havilland DH.37A crashed in June 1927. The 6th King's Cup Race was held on the Summer Bank Holiday weekend, after starting from the scratch position, Mackenzie-Richards came third flying the same Humming Bird.Mirabel was the only child of a lieutenant colonel and earned a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Oxford in 1926. On 9 November 1927, MacKenzie-Richards was killed in a night flying accident. Two new illuminated wind vanes were erected at the Croydon aerodrome and were being tested by MacKenzie-Richards. On Wednesday, 9 November 1927, flying Bristol fighter C810, MacKenzie-Richards had finished his work and left with Professor Harry Norman Green. Green was educated at the Central Secondary School in Sheffield and received his undergraduate and medical degrees. He taught at the University of Cambridge and the University of Yorkshire. Green's research focused on the immune system.Green was named Director of Cancer in 1947. He was a member of the faculty of medicine at the University ofSheffield and a Pathologist. When they left, the compass was 30 degrees out. They tried to return to Croydon. They assumed they were over Croydon after flying back without seeing anything. They couldn't see any lights or any indication of Croydon. They spoke on the phone and MacKenzie-Richards told them to make a forced landing before they ran out of petrol.He asked Green to look for a field. He lit a flare because he couldn't see a field that he could land in. There was some mist, but nothing exceptional. They just missed some trees and climbed back up. Green was told not to pull the ripcord until he was clear of the aircraft, as he had never used a parachute before. Green wanted to know if the aircraft could be rolled onto its back so that they could both get out. Green explained at the inquest that he had one foot on the seat and one on the side waiting for the signal to jump.MacKenzie-Richards put his hand out and pushed Green. Green was fine when he landed in a field. There was no sign of life in the field where he was found, and his parachute was open. The Coroner's conclusion was that by the time he left the aircraft he was too close to the ground and that his parachute failed to deploy. Major Cooper told the court that the compasses were checked periodically on the ground and that he was satisfied that they had been tested. The evidence suggested that one of the pieces of wiring had an effect on the compass after the machine had left the ground. The current could have caused the error in the compass.The crash site of the plane was two hundred yards from where his body was found. He is buried in the churchyard of St. Andrew. Legacy MacKenzie-Richards was promoted posthumously to Flight Lieutenant in the Royal Air Force. His only child was born in 1928. Mirabel and Gillian lived in Aldeburgh for three years. Mirabel married a Canadian farmer on 1 July 1931. Mirabel and Gillian migrated to Canada in July of 1931.The Simpson family arrived in the UK from Cape Town via Madeira on February 26, 1934, intending to live in Bath. Mirabel lived in Essex by June 1935. There are External links to the photo of <mask>-Richards in Humming Bird. British Merchant Service personnel of World War I, Royal Air Force officers, and British test pilots were killed in aviation accidents or incidents.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sue%20Ryder

Sue Ryder

Margaret Susan Cheshire, Baroness Ryder of Warsaw, Lady Cheshire, (née Ryder; 3 July 1924 – 2 November 2000), best known as Sue Ryder, was a British volunteer with Special Operations Executive in the Second World War, and a member of the First Aid Nursing Yeomanry, who afterwards established charitable organisations, notably the Sue Ryder Foundation (now known as simply Sue Ryder). Early life Margaret Susan Ryder was born in 1924 in Leeds, the daughter of Charles Foster Ryder and Mabel Elizabeth Sims. The family lived at Scarcroft Grange near Leeds; the house now has a blue plaque, installed by Leeds Civic Trust in 2011. She was educated at Benenden School. When World War II broke out, she volunteered to the First Aid Nursing Yeomanry, even though she was only 15, and she was soon assigned to the Polish section of the Special Operations Executive (SOE). In this role, Ryder's job was to drive SOE agents to the airfield where they would take off for their assignments in Europe. In 1943 she was posted to Tunisia and later to Italy. Year of birth According to her autobiography, Child of My Love, Ryder was born on 3 July 1923. This was repeated by The Daily Telegraph in her obituary in November 2000, adding that "Lady Ryder of Warsaw, better known as Sue Ryder, has died aged 77", as well as by the BBC and many other news sources. Her birth and death certificates both put the date one year later, on 3 July 1924, as does a plaque unveiled in honour of Sue Ryder and Leonard Cheshire in Cavendish Church in Suffolk. At the beginning of the war, Ryder volunteered to the First Aid Nursing Yeomanry, even though she was only 15. To get in, she lied about her age and seems to have maintained the deception for the rest of her life. Post-war After the war, Ryder volunteered to do relief work in Europe, initially with the Amis Volontaires Français, the Red Cross and the Guide International Service. Official relief organisations had withdrawn by 1952, and Ryder decided to stay on working alone, visiting prisons and hospitals. In the aftermath of war there were many non-Germans, young men in particular, who were unable to return to their own countries either due to lack of documentation or because their families were all dead. As a result, some of these young men turned to crime, usually so they could buy food or in some cases, to take revenge on their former captors. It was these people that Sue Ryder advocated for, calling them her 'Bods'. She drove all over Germany to visit them in prisons, where she was often not welcomed by the authorities. At one time there were 1400 'Bods' in prisons, mainly Polish but also from Albania, Czechoslovakia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia. Ryder appealed on their behalf for their sentences to be reduced, or for their release, and for many she would be their only visitor. Some were executed and she would stay to pray with them. Among those who were released, she managed to repatriate some to Britain. Right up until two years before her death in 2000, there were still three prisoners she would visit every December, driving herself across Europe. Charitable work Because of her experiences in SOE and the brave people she met, Ryder was determined to establish a 'living memorial' to the millions of people who had died in world war, and to all those who continued to suffer and die because of persecution. In 1953 she established her charity, initially the Forgotten Allies Trust, which later became the Sue Ryder Foundation. In 1996 her charity became Sue Ryder Care, changing its name to Sue Ryder in 2011. Ryder established the first Home in Britain at her mother's house in Cavendish, Suffolk in 1953, having already founded the St Christopher Settlement and St. Christopher Kries in Germany. These homes and projects were initially for survivors of second world war concentration camps. The Cavendish home, also where Sue Ryder and her family lived, continued to provide care for sick and disabled people until 2001. Until the 1970s, homes were established in Poland and the countries of the former Yugoslavia. The local authorities in each country built the foundations of the homes and installed utilities. Prefabricated buildings and equipment were sent out from the UK and erected by local builders together with UK tradesmen. Over twenty homes in each country were started in this way, and Ryder would make annual visits to look at sites for new homes and see what other help was needed. Aware of the difficult conditions in which many of the survivors of the concentration camps continued to live in Poland, Ryder began a Holiday Scheme. Initially this started in Denmark, and Ryder would drive individuals there from Poland where they would stay with friends. The scheme transferred to the UK in 1958 and with the home in Cavendish already full, Ryder leased the south wing of nearby Melford Hall. For eleven years, many survivors of the concentration camps stayed for three or four weeks on holiday. Ryder continued to look for a more permanent property, and finally Stagenhoe Park in Hertfordshire became a Sue Ryder Home and continued the Holiday scheme. When the scheme came to an end, the home continued to provide care and is now a neurological care centre. Until the 1990s, Sue Ryder Homes opened in Britain and are run today by the charity Sue Ryder as hospices and neurological care centres, supported by a network of over 400 Sue Ryder shops. At one point, there was even a Sue Ryder shop on the Ascension Islands. Sue Ryder's international work expanded to include homes and projects, including mobile medical units, in Belgium, the Czech Republic, Israel, Italy, France, Albania, Greece, Ireland Ethiopia and Malawi and work continues in many of these countries today. In 1958, the year before their marriage, Sue Ryder and Leonard Cheshire established a centre in India called Raphael, near Dehra Dun. The centre included homes for those with leprosy, people with learning disabilities, orphaned and destitute children, a school and a hospital with a tuberculosis wing. Fundraising for this project started in Australia and New Zealand, and both projects continue today. The work at Raphael became their joint charity Ryder-Cheshire, which continues in the UK as Enrych, supporting people with disabilities by providing access to leisure and learning opportunities through volunteers. In Australia, Ryder-Cheshire Australia continues to support Raphael in India, a home at Klibur Domin in Timor-Leste and two Australian Homes in Mt. Gambier and Melbourne. Raphael is a separate trust and is the State Nodal Agency Centre (SNAC) Uttarakhand for persons with autism, cerebral palsy, learning disabilities and multiple disabilities. In 1995, the High Anglican Christian Community of St Katharine of Alexandria gave the house and grounds at Parmoor, now known as St Katharine’s, to Sue Ryder. She made the house into the headquarters of her independent charity, the Sue Ryder Prayer Fellowship, which she founded in 1984. The Fellowship was conceived by Lady Ryder to be a “powerhouse of prayer” for the needs of others, and especially for the work carried out across the world in the name of Sue Ryder. The house is a Christian house of prayer, and welcomes people from all denominations and none and all walks of life, in a spirit of ecumenism and reconciliation. In 1998, Sue Ryder retired as a trustee and severed her links with Sue Ryder following a dispute with the other trustees, whom she accused of betraying her guiding principles. In February 2000, Ryder set up the Lady Ryder of Warsaw Memorial Trust (previously called the Bouverie Foundation) to continue charitable work according to her ideals. The Trust is devoted to the relief of suffering and seeks to render personal service to those in need, regardless of age, race or creed, as part of the Human Family. As of 2021, it started working with Bristol and Newcastle Universities to help train more doctors. Awards and Honours Sue Ryder was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1957. Together with her husband Leonard Cheshire, she received a joint Variety Club Humanitarian Award in 1975, presented by HRH Princess Margaret. Ryder was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in 1976. House of Lords Ryder was made a life peer on 31 January 1979, being created Baroness Ryder of Warsaw, of Warsaw in Poland and of Cavendish in the County of Suffolk. In the House of Lords, Ryder was involved in debates about defence, drug abuse, housing, medical services, unemployment, prison reform and race relations. Ryder continued to speak for Poland and when the Communist rule there collapsed, she arranged lorries of medical and food aid. In 1989 Ryder made an appeal through The Daily Telegraph to obtain more funding and collected £40,000 through the Lady Ryder of Warsaw Appeals Fund. In a Lords debate for what became the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994, Ryder moved an amendment on behalf of Lord Ashbourne (who was absent) proposing a 'Restriction on custody of children by homosexuals'. Ashbourne's amendment proposed to make it a criminal offence for "any homosexual man or woman, other than the natural parent, to have the care or custody of a child under the age of eighteen." Ryder withdrew the amendment when it received limited support from peers, stating: 'My Lords, I am indeed grateful to noble Lords who took part in the debate on this amendment, which tries to safeguard children and is not intended as an attack on those with homosexual tendencies'. Her husband was made a life peer in 1991, as Baron Cheshire, as a result of which Ryder obtained the additional title Baroness Cheshire. Death Lady Ryder died in Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, in 2000, aged 76. Works Ryder wrote two autobiographies: And the Morrow is Theirs (1975) Child of My Love (1986) Biographies: A.J. Forest, But Some There Be. London : (Badger Book), 1959. Tessa West, Lady Sue Ryder of Warsaw : Single-minded philanthropist. Chicago : Shepheard-Walwyn, 2019. Museum Lady Ryder set up the Sue Ryder Museum at Cavendish to tell the story of her work and promote the causes of those she helped. This museum was closed upon the sale of the Cavendish Sue Ryder home in 2001. The exhibits from the museum were handed to the Fundacja Sue Ryder (her Polish foundation) and in 2010, the city of Warsaw kindly lent to the Foundation a Rogatki (18th century Polish check-point building) at 2 Unia Lubelska Square to house the new museum. The museum was opened October 19th, 2016. The Sue Ryder home at Cavendish was purchased by another care provider and renamed Devonshire House. A remembrance room to Lady Ryder and the residents of the Cavendish home was set up in 2019 and opened by her children Jeromy and Elizabeth Cheshire on 18 February 2019. References External links The Lady Ryder of Warsaw Memorial Trust website Sue Ryder charity website Daily Telegraph: Obituary London Gazette reference Imperial War Museum Interview 1924 births 2000 deaths People educated at Benenden School British philanthropists Cheshire Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George Converts to Roman Catholicism Crossbench life peers Female life peers Officers of the Order of the British Empire People from Leeds People from Bury St Edmunds British Special Operations Executive personnel Women in World War II Founders of charities 20th-century British women politicians Leeds Blue Plaques Spouses of life peers Life peers created by Elizabeth II

Margaret Susan Cheshire, <mask> of Warsaw, Lady Cheshire, (née <mask>; 3 July 1924 – 2 November 2000), best known as <mask>, was a British volunteer with Special Operations Executive in the Second World War, and a member of the First Aid Nursing Yeomanry, who afterwards established charitable organisations, notably the Sue Ryder Foundation (now known as simply <mask> Ryder). Early life <mask> was born in 1924 in Leeds, the daughter of <mask> and Mabel Elizabeth Sims. The family lived at Scarcroft Grange near Leeds; the house now has a blue plaque, installed by Leeds Civic Trust in 2011. She was educated at Benenden School. When World War II broke out, she volunteered to the First Aid Nursing Yeomanry, even though she was only 15, and she was soon assigned to the Polish section of the Special Operations Executive (SOE). In this role, <mask>'s job was to drive SOE agents to the airfield where they would take off for their assignments in Europe. In 1943 she was posted to Tunisia and later to Italy.Year of birth According to her autobiography, Child of My Love, <mask> was born on 3 July 1923. This was repeated by The Daily Telegraph in her obituary in November 2000, adding that "Lady <mask> of Warsaw, better known as <mask>, has died aged 77", as well as by the BBC and many other news sources. Her birth and death certificates both put the date one year later, on 3 July 1924, as does a plaque unveiled in honour of <mask> and Leonard Cheshire in Cavendish Church in Suffolk. At the beginning of the war, <mask> volunteered to the First Aid Nursing Yeomanry, even though she was only 15. To get in, she lied about her age and seems to have maintained the deception for the rest of her life. Post-war After the war, <mask> volunteered to do relief work in Europe, initially with the Amis Volontaires Français, the Red Cross and the Guide International Service. Official relief organisations had withdrawn by 1952, and <mask> decided to stay on working alone, visiting prisons and hospitals.In the aftermath of war there were many non-Germans, young men in particular, who were unable to return to their own countries either due to lack of documentation or because their families were all dead. As a result, some of these young men turned to crime, usually so they could buy food or in some cases, to take revenge on their former captors. It was these people that <mask> advocated for, calling them her 'Bods'. She drove all over Germany to visit them in prisons, where she was often not welcomed by the authorities. At one time there were 1400 'Bods' in prisons, mainly Polish but also from Albania, Czechoslovakia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia. <mask> appealed on their behalf for their sentences to be reduced, or for their release, and for many she would be their only visitor. Some were executed and she would stay to pray with them.Among those who were released, she managed to repatriate some to Britain. Right up until two years before her death in 2000, there were still three prisoners she would visit every December, driving herself across Europe. Charitable work Because of her experiences in SOE and the brave people she met, <mask> was determined to establish a 'living memorial' to the millions of people who had died in world war, and to all those who continued to suffer and die because of persecution. In 1953 she established her charity, initially the Forgotten Allies Trust, which later became the Sue Ryder Foundation. In 1996 her charity became Sue Ryder Care, changing its name to <mask> in 2011. <mask> established the first Home in Britain at her mother's house in Cavendish, Suffolk in 1953, having already founded the St Christopher Settlement and St. Christopher Kries in Germany. These homes and projects were initially for survivors of second world war concentration camps.The Cavendish home, also where <mask> and her family lived, continued to provide care for sick and disabled people until 2001. Until the 1970s, homes were established in Poland and the countries of the former Yugoslavia. The local authorities in each country built the foundations of the homes and installed utilities. Prefabricated buildings and equipment were sent out from the UK and erected by local builders together with UK tradesmen. Over twenty homes in each country were started in this way, and <mask> would make annual visits to look at sites for new homes and see what other help was needed. Aware of the difficult conditions in which many of the survivors of the concentration camps continued to live in Poland, <mask> began a Holiday Scheme. Initially this started in Denmark, and <mask> would drive individuals there from Poland where they would stay with friends.The scheme transferred to the UK in 1958 and with the home in Cavendish already full, <mask> leased the south wing of nearby Melford Hall. For eleven years, many survivors of the concentration camps stayed for three or four weeks on holiday. <mask> continued to look for a more permanent property, and finally Stagenhoe Park in Hertfordshire became a Sue Ryder Home and continued the Holiday scheme. When the scheme came to an end, the home continued to provide care and is now a neurological care centre. Until the 1990s, Sue Ryder Homes opened in Britain and are run today by the charity Sue Ryder as hospices and neurological care centres, supported by a network of over 400 Sue Ryder shops. At one point, there was even a Sue Ryder shop on the Ascension Islands. <mask>'s international work expanded to include homes and projects, including mobile medical units, in Belgium, the Czech Republic, Israel, Italy, France, Albania, Greece, Ireland Ethiopia and Malawi and work continues in many of these countries today.In 1958, the year before their marriage, <mask> and Leonard Cheshire established a centre in India called Raphael, near Dehra Dun. The centre included homes for those with leprosy, people with learning disabilities, orphaned and destitute children, a school and a hospital with a tuberculosis wing. Fundraising for this project started in Australia and New Zealand, and both projects continue today. The work at Raphael became their joint charity Ryder-Cheshire, which continues in the UK as Enrych, supporting people with disabilities by providing access to leisure and learning opportunities through volunteers. In Australia, Ryder-Cheshire Australia continues to support Raphael in India, a home at Klibur Domin in Timor-Leste and two Australian Homes in Mt. Gambier and Melbourne. Raphael is a separate trust and is the State Nodal Agency Centre (SNAC) Uttarakhand for persons with autism, cerebral palsy, learning disabilities and multiple disabilities.In 1995, the High Anglican Christian Community of St Katharine of Alexandria gave the house and grounds at Parmoor, now known as St Katharine’s, to <mask>. She made the house into the headquarters of her independent charity, the Sue Ryder Prayer Fellowship, which she founded in 1984. The Fellowship was conceived by <mask> to be a “powerhouse of prayer” for the needs of others, and especially for the work carried out across the world in the name of <mask>. The house is a Christian house of prayer, and welcomes people from all denominations and none and all walks of life, in a spirit of ecumenism and reconciliation. In 1998, <mask> retired as a trustee and severed her links with <mask> following a dispute with the other trustees, whom she accused of betraying her guiding principles. In February 2000, <mask> set up the Lady Ryder of Warsaw Memorial Trust (previously called the Bouverie Foundation) to continue charitable work according to her ideals. The Trust is devoted to the relief of suffering and seeks to render personal service to those in need, regardless of age, race or creed, as part of the Human Family.As of 2021, it started working with Bristol and Newcastle Universities to help train more doctors. Awards and Honours <mask> was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1957. Together with her husband Leonard Cheshire, she received a joint Variety Club Humanitarian Award in 1975, presented by HRH Princess Margaret. <mask> was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in 1976. House of Lords <mask> was made a life peer on 31 January 1979, being created Baroness <mask> of Warsaw, of Warsaw in Poland and of Cavendish in the County of Suffolk. In the House of Lords, <mask> was involved in debates about defence, drug abuse, housing, medical services, unemployment, prison reform and race relations. <mask> continued to speak for Poland and when the Communist rule there collapsed, she arranged lorries of medical and food aid.In 1989 <mask> made an appeal through The Daily Telegraph to obtain more funding and collected £40,000 through the Lady Ryder of Warsaw Appeals Fund. In a Lords debate for what became the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994, <mask> moved an amendment on behalf of Lord Ashbourne (who was absent) proposing a 'Restriction on custody of children by homosexuals'. Ashbourne's amendment proposed to make it a criminal offence for "any homosexual man or woman, other than the natural parent, to have the care or custody of a child under the age of eighteen." <mask> withdrew the amendment when it received limited support from peers, stating: 'My Lords, I am indeed grateful to noble Lords who took part in the debate on this amendment, which tries to safeguard children and is not intended as an attack on those with homosexual tendencies'. Her husband was made a life peer in 1991, as Baron Cheshire, as a result of which <mask> obtained the additional title Baroness Cheshire. Death Lady <mask> died in Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, in 2000, aged 76. Works <mask> wrote two autobiographies: And the Morrow is Theirs (1975) Child of My Love (1986) Biographies: A.J.Forest, But Some There Be. London : (Badger Book), 1959. Tessa West, Lady <mask> of Warsaw : Single-minded philanthropist. Chicago : Shepheard-Walwyn, 2019. Museum Lady <mask> set up the <mask> Ryder Museum at Cavendish to tell the story of her work and promote the causes of those she helped. This museum was closed upon the sale of the <mask> <mask> home in 2001. The exhibits from the museum were handed to the Fundacja Sue Ryder (her Polish foundation) and in 2010, the city of Warsaw kindly lent to the Foundation a Rogatki (18th century Polish check-point building) at 2 Unia Lubelska Square to house the new museum.The museum was opened October 19th, 2016. The <mask> home at Cavendish was purchased by another care provider and renamed Devonshire House. A remembrance room to Lady <mask> and the residents of the Cavendish home was set up in 2019 and opened by her children Jeromy and Elizabeth Cheshire on 18 February 2019. References External links The Lady Ryder of Warsaw Memorial Trust website <mask> charity website Daily Telegraph: Obituary London Gazette reference Imperial War Museum Interview 1924 births 2000 deaths People educated at Benenden School British philanthropists Cheshire Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George Converts to Roman Catholicism Crossbench life peers Female life peers Officers of the Order of the British Empire People from Leeds People from Bury St Edmunds British Special Operations Executive personnel Women in World War II Founders of charities 20th-century British women politicians Leeds Blue Plaques Spouses of life peers Life peers created by Elizabeth II

A member of the First Aid Nursing Yeomanry and a British volunteer with the Special Operations Executive in the Second World War, <mask> of Warsaw was best known as <mask>. The daughter of Charles Foster and Mabel Elizabeth Sims was born in 1924. The house where the family lived has a plaque on it. She attended Benenden School. Even though she was only 15 years old, she volunteered to be a nurse in the First Aid Nursing Yeomanry when World War II broke out. SOE agents were to be driven to the airfield where they would take off for their assignments in Europe. She was posted to Tunisia and Italy in 1943.According to her autobiography, Child of My Love, she was born on July 3, 1923. This was repeated by The Daily Telegraph in her obituary in November 2000 and she died at the age of 77. Her birth and death certificates both show that she died on July 3, 1924. Even though she was only 15 years old, <mask> volunteered for the First Aid Nursing Yeomanry at the beginning of the war. She kept her deception for the rest of her life after lying about her age to get in. The Amis Volontaires Franais, the Red Cross and the Guide International Service were some of the relief organizations that <mask> worked with after the war. By 1952, the official relief organisation had withdrawn, and <mask> decided to stay alone.Many non-Germans were unable to return to their countries due to lack of documentation or because their families were dead, after the war ended. Some of these young men turned to crime because they wanted to take revenge on their abductors. These people were called 'Bods' by <mask>. She was not welcomed by the authorities when she visited them in prisons. There were 1400 'Bods' in prisons at one time, mostly from Poland, but also from other countries. For many she would be their only visitor after she appealed on their behalf for their sentences to be reduced or for their release. She would stay to pray with the executed.She was able to return some of those who were released to Britain. After her death in 2000, there were still three prisoners she would visit every December. She was determined to establish a living memorial to the millions of people who had died in world war and to all those who continued to suffer and die because of persecution. The first charity she established was the Forgotten Allies Trust. She changed her charity's name to <mask> in 2011. The first Home in Britain was established at her mother's house in Cavendish, Suffolk. The survivors of second world war concentration camps were the initial recipients of these homes and projects.The Cavendish home provided care for sick and disabled people until 2001. The countries of the former Yugoslavia and Poland had homes established before the 1970s. The foundations of the homes were built by the local authorities. Prefabricated buildings and equipment were sent from the UK to be built by local builders. Over twenty homes in each country were started in this way, and each year, <mask> would make annual visits to look at sites for new homes and see what other help was needed. Many of the survivors of the concentration camps continued to live in Poland despite the difficult conditions. In the beginning, individuals from Poland would be driven toDenmark where they would stay with friends.The south wing of Melford Hall was leased by the scheme after it transferred to the UK. Many survivors of the concentration camps stayed on holiday for three or four weeks. Stagenhoe Park became a Sue Ryder Home and continued the Holiday scheme when it became a permanent property. The home continued to provide care after the scheme ended. Hospices and neurological care centers are supported by a network of over 400 Sue Ryder shops and were opened in Britain in the 1990s. There was a Sue Ryder shop on the Ascension Islands. Work continues in many countries today, including in Belgium, the Czech Republic, Israel, Italy, France, Albania, Greece, Ireland and Ethiopia.In the year before <mask> and Leonard married, they established a center in India called Raphael. There were homes for people with leprosy, people with learning disabilities, orphans, and a hospital with a Tuberculosis wing at the centre. The project began in Australia and New Zealand. The work at Raphael became their joint charity, which continues in the UK as Enrych, supporting people with disabilities by providing access to leisure and learning opportunities through volunteers. In Australia, there are homes for Raphael in India, as well as two Australian homes in Mt. Both Gambier and Melbourne. The State Nodal Agency Centre (SNAC) for people with disabilities is called Raphael and it is a separate trust.The house and grounds at Parmoor were given to <mask> in 1995 by the High Anglican Christian Community of St Katharine of Alexandria. She made the house into the headquarters of her charity. The purpose of the fellowship was to be a "powerhouse of prayer" for the needs of others, and especially for the work carried out across the world in the name of <mask>. In a spirit of ecumenism and reconciliation, the house is a Christian house of prayer and welcomes people from all denominations and walks of life. <mask> retired as a Trustee in 1998 after a dispute with the other Trustees, who she accused of betraying her guiding principles. The <mask> of Warsaw Memorial Trust was established in February 2000 to continue charitable work according to her ideals. As part of the Human Family, the Trust seeks to render personal service to those in need regardless of age, race or creed.It started working with universities to train more doctors. In 1957, <mask> was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire. The Variety Club Humanitarian Award was presented to her by Princess Margaret. In 1976, he was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George. On January 31, 1979 Baroness <mask> of Warsaw, of Warsaw in Poland, and of Cavendish in the County of Suffolk were made life peers. Drug abuse, housing, medical services, unemployment, prison reform and race relations were some of the topics discussed in the House of Lords. When the Communist rule in Poland collapsed, she arranged a lot of medical and food aid.In 1989 <mask> made an appeal through The Daily Telegraph to get more funding, and £40,000 was collected through the Lady <mask> of Warsaw Appeals Fund. Lord Ashbourne, who was absent from the debate, proposed a restriction on custody of children by homosexuals. "Any homosexual man or woman, other than the natural parent, to have the care or custody of a child under the age of eighteen is a criminal offence," Ashbourne's amendment proposed. The amendment was withdrawn when it received limited support from peers. As a result of her husband being made a life peer in 1991, she obtained the additional title Baroness Cheshire. Death Lady <mask> passed away in 2000 at the age of 76. Child of My Love and And the Morrow is Theirs were both written by <mask>.The forest, but some there be. TheBadger Book was published in London in 1959. Lady <mask> of Warsaw is a single-minded philanthropist. Shepheard-Walwyn is in Chicago. The <mask> Ryder Museum at Cavendish was set up to tell the story of her work and promote the causes she helped. The museum was closed after the sale of the home. The city of Warsaw lent the Foundation a building at 2 Unia Lubelska Square to house the new museum after the Fundacja Sue Ryder gave the exhibits from the museum.The museum opened in October of 2016 The <mask> home at Cavendish was purchased by another care provider. Lady <mask>'s children Jeromy and Elizabeth opened a remembrance room for her and the residents of the Cavendish home in February of 2019. The Lady Ryder of Warsaw Memorial Trust website has a link to the Imperial War Museum.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin%20Karpman

Benjamin Karpman

Benjamin "Ben" Karpman (August 8, 1886 – May 24, 1962) was an American psychiatrist known for his work on human sexuality. He served as Professor and Head of Psychiatry at Howard University College of Medicine from 1921 to 1941. Life and career Karpman was born in Slutzk. He graduated from University of Minnesota, earning a bachelor's degree in 1915, a master's degree in 1918, and a Doctor of Medicine degree in 1920. While at University of Minnesota Medical School, he worked with Jesse Francis McClendon on pioneering in situ pH measurements in the human digestive tract. After completing his internship at St. Elizabeths Hospital, he rose to the position of Senior Medical Officer and Psychotherapist. Karpman was a proponent of psychoanalysis and published many case reports based on his clinical experience. At Howard, he introduced dynamic psychiatry into the medical curriculum. Karpman was a contributor to The American Mercury, where he was critical of the Harrison Narcotics Tax Act. He was elected to the New York Academy of Sciences in 1953. Karpman was critical of both law and medicine in their treatment of social problems. He predicted that by 2010 the U.S. would have no prisons, just psychiatric treatment centers for lawbreakers. "I am at odds with the legal profession and most of psychiatry," he conceded, "but they're all wrong. The question is simply, 'Is the accused sick or not?' You can't have mental illness and criminal responsibility in the same person at the same time." Karpman had a heart attack on May 23, 1962 and died the next day. Selected publications Woodrow H, Karpman B (1917). A new olfactoric technique and some results. Journal of Experimental Psychology Volume 2, Issue 6, December 1917, Pages 431-447 McClendon JF, Sheldon A, Karpman B (1918). The hydrogen ion concentrations of the contents of the small intestine. Journal of Biological Chemistry, Feb 19, 1918. XXXIV, No 1. Karpman B (1933). Case studies in the psychopathology of crime, Volume 1. Mimeoform Press Karpman B (1935). The individual criminal: studies in the psychogenetics of crime, Volume 1. Nervous and Mental Disease Pub. Co. Karpman B, Washington MD (1936). The individual criminal. The British Medical Journal Vol. 2, No. 3952 (Oct. 3, 1936), p. 676 Karpman B (1941). On the need of separating psychopathy into two distinct clinical types: the symptomatic and the idiopathic. Journal of Criminal Psychopathology 3, 112-137. Karpman B (1946). Psychopathy in the scheme of human typology. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, Volume 103 - Issue 3 - ppg 276-288 Karpman B (1946). Felonious assault revealed as a symptom of abnormal sexuality; a contribution to the psychogenesis of psychopathic behavior. J Crim Law Criminol 1946 Sep-Oct;37(3):193-215. Karpman B (1947). Dream Life in A Case of Transvestism: With Particular Attention To the Problem of Latent Homosexuality. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease September 1947 - Volume 106 - Issue 3 - ppg 292-337. Karpman B (1947). Passive parasitic psychopathy: toward the personality structure and psychogenesis of idiopathic psychopathy (anethopathy). Psychoanal Rev. 1947 Apr;34(2):198 Karpman B (1947). Moral agenesis. Psychiatr Q. 1947 Jul;21(3):361-98. Karpman B (1947). An attempt at a re-evaluation of some concepts of law and psychiatry. Reprint J Crim Law Criminol (1931). 1947 Sep-Oct;38(3):206-17. Karpman B (1947). A psychiatrist looks at the social scientists. Am J Sociol. 1947 Sep;53(2):131-40. Karpman B (1949). Objective psychotherapy: principles, methods, and results. Journal of Clinical Psychology Jul;5(3):193-342. Karpman B (1949). Case Lying; a minor inquiry into the ethics of neurotic and psychopathic behavior. Reprint J Crim Law Criminol 1949 Jul-Aug;40(2):135-57. Karpman B (1948). Emotional background of white slavery; toward the psychogenesis of so-called psychopathic behavior. J Crim Law Criminol 1948 May-Jun;39(1):1-18. Karpman B (1948). Sex life in prison. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Jan-1948 Feb;38(5):475-86. Karpman B (1948). Criminal psychopathology; a brief inventory. Prog Neurol Psychiatry. 1948;3:451-68. Karpman B (1948). Conscience in the psychopath: Another version. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry Jul;18(3):455-91. Karpman B (1948). The alcoholic woman: case studies in the psychodynamics of alcoholism. Linacre Press ASIN B000RTFUBS Karpman B (1948). The myth of the psychopathic personality. American Journal of Psychiatry Mar;104(9):523-34. Karpman B (1948). Coprophilia; a collective review. Psychoanal Rev. 1948 Jul;35(3):253-72. Karpman B (1948). The psychopathology of exhibitionism; review of the literature. J Clin Exp Psychopathol. 1948 Apr;9(2):179-225. Karpman B (1949). Criminality, insanity and the law. 'reprint 1949 'Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Jan-Feb;39(5):584-605. Karpman B (1949). Symposium on psychopathology. Archives of Criminal Psychodynamics Karpman B (1949). The principles and methods of objective psychotherapy. J Clin Psychol. 2000 Jul;56(7):877-87. Karpman B (1949). From the autobiography of a liar; toward the clarification of the problem of psychopathic states. Psychiatr Q. 1949 Apr;23(2):277; passim. Karpman B (1949). A modern Gulliver; a study in coprophilia. Psychoanal Rev. 1949 Jul;36(3):260; passim. Karpman B, Lurie LA, Lippman HS, Lourie RS, Rabinovitch RD, Allen FH, Spitz RA, Anderson VV (1950). The psychopathic delinquent child; Round Table, 1949. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 1950 Apr;20(2):223-65. Karpman B (1950). A case of paedophilia (legally rape) cured by psychoanalysis. Psychoanal Rev. 1950 Jul;37(3):235-76. Karpman B (1950). Aggression. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 1950 Oct;20(4):694-718. Karpman B (1951). Psychosis with psychopathic personality: an untenable diagnosis. Psychiatr Q. 1951 Oct;25(4):618-40. Karpman B (1951). The sexual psychopath. J Am Med Assoc. 1951 Jun 23;146(8):721-6. Karpman B (1951). The sexual psychopath. Discussion. Am J Psychother. 1951 Oct;5(4):584-605. Karpman B (1951). A psychoanalytic study of a fraternal twin. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 1951 Oct;21(4):735-55. Karpman B (1951). A psychoanalytic study of a case of murder. Psychoanal Rev. 1951 Jul;38(3):245-70. Karpman B (1952). Insecurity in search of security. Am J Psychother. 1952 Jan;6(1):23-43. Karpman B (1952). Dramanalysis. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 1952 Jul;22(3):570-83. Karpman B (1952). The psychonomic principle in human behavior. Psychoanal Rev. 1952 Apr;39(2):168-86. Karpman B (1953). Dream life in a case of hebephrenia. Psychiatr Q. 1953 Apr;27(2):262-316. Karpman B (1953). Psychodynamics in a fraternal twinship relations. Psychoanal Rev. 1953 Jul;40(3):243-67. Karpman B (1953). Psychogenic (hysterical) dysphagia; report of a case. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 1953 Jul;23(3):472-500. Karpman B (1954). A case of fulminating pyromania. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1954 Mar;119(3):205-32. Karpman B (1955). The hangover; a critical study in the psychodynamics of alcoholism Thomas, ASIN B000IB76C6 Karpman B (1955). Dream life in a case of pyromania. Psychoanal Rev. 1955 Jan;42(1):44-60. Karpman B (1956). Criminal Psychodynamics. A Platform. The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Vol. 47, No. 1 (May - Jun., 1956), pp. 8–17 Karpman B (1959). Symposia on child and juvenile delinquency: presented at the American Orthopsychiatric Association. J Am Med Assoc. 1959;171(5):624-625. Karpman B (1961). The structure of neurosis: With special differentials between neurosis, psychosis, homosexuality, alcoholism, psychopathy, and criminality. Archives of Criminal Psychodynamics. 4, 599-646. Karpman B (1964). The sexual offender and his offenses: etiology, pathology, psychodynamics, and treatment. Julian Press, ASIN B0007HAB2I References 1886 births 1962 deaths People from Slutsk People from Slutsky Uyezd Belarusian Jews Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United States American people of Belarusian-Jewish descent University of Minnesota Medical School alumni

<mask>Ben<mask> (August 8, 1886 – May 24, 1962) was an American psychiatrist known for his work on human sexuality. He served as Professor and Head of Psychiatry at Howard University College of Medicine from 1921 to 1941. Life and career <mask> was born in Slutzk. He graduated from University of Minnesota, earning a bachelor's degree in 1915, a master's degree in 1918, and a Doctor of Medicine degree in 1920. While at University of Minnesota Medical School, he worked with Jesse Francis McClendon on pioneering in situ pH measurements in the human digestive tract. After completing his internship at St. Elizabeths Hospital, he rose to the position of Senior Medical Officer and Psychotherapist. Karpman was a proponent of psychoanalysis and published many case reports based on his clinical experience.At Howard, he introduced dynamic psychiatry into the medical curriculum. Karpman was a contributor to The American Mercury, where he was critical of the Harrison Narcotics Tax Act. He was elected to the New York Academy of Sciences in 1953. Karpman was critical of both law and medicine in their treatment of social problems. He predicted that by 2010 the U.S. would have no prisons, just psychiatric treatment centers for lawbreakers. "I am at odds with the legal profession and most of psychiatry," he conceded, "but they're all wrong. The question is simply, 'Is the accused sick or not?'You can't have mental illness and criminal responsibility in the same person at the same time." Karpman had a heart attack on May 23, 1962 and died the next day. Selected publications Woodrow H, Karpman B (1917). A new olfactoric technique and some results. Journal of Experimental Psychology Volume 2, Issue 6, December 1917, Pages 431-447 McClendon JF, Sheldon A, Karpman B (1918). The hydrogen ion concentrations of the contents of the small intestine. Journal of Biological Chemistry, Feb 19, 1918.XXXIV, No 1. Karpman B (1933). Case studies in the psychopathology of crime, Volume 1. Mimeoform Press Karpman B (1935). The individual criminal: studies in the psychogenetics of crime, Volume 1. Nervous and Mental Disease Pub. Co. Karpman B, Washington MD (1936).The individual criminal. The British Medical Journal Vol. 2, No. 3952 (Oct. 3, 1936), p. 676 Karpman B (1941). On the need of separating psychopathy into two distinct clinical types: the symptomatic and the idiopathic. Journal of Criminal Psychopathology 3, 112-137. Karpman B (1946).Psychopathy in the scheme of human typology. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, Volume 103 - Issue 3 - ppg 276-288 Karpman B (1946). Felonious assault revealed as a symptom of abnormal sexuality; a contribution to the psychogenesis of psychopathic behavior. J Crim Law Criminol 1946 Sep-Oct;37(3):193-215. Karpman B (1947). Dream Life in A Case of Transvestism: With Particular Attention To the Problem of Latent Homosexuality. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease September 1947 - Volume 106 - Issue 3 - ppg 292-337.Karpman B (1947). Passive parasitic psychopathy: toward the personality structure and psychogenesis of idiopathic psychopathy (anethopathy). Psychoanal Rev. 1947 Apr;34(2):198 Karpman B (1947). Moral agenesis. Psychiatr Q. 1947 Jul;21(3):361-98.Karpman B (1947). An attempt at a re-evaluation of some concepts of law and psychiatry. Reprint J Crim Law Criminol (1931). 1947 Sep-Oct;38(3):206-17. Karpman B (1947). A psychiatrist looks at the social scientists. Am J Sociol.1947 Sep;53(2):131-40. <mask> B (1949). Objective psychotherapy: principles, methods, and results. Journal of Clinical Psychology Jul;5(3):193-342. Karpman B (1949). Case Lying; a minor inquiry into the ethics of neurotic and psychopathic behavior. Reprint J Crim Law Criminol 1949 Jul-Aug;40(2):135-57.Karpman B (1948). Emotional background of white slavery; toward the psychogenesis of so-called psychopathic behavior. J Crim Law Criminol 1948 May-Jun;39(1):1-18. Karpman B (1948). Sex life in prison. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Jan-1948 Feb;38(5):475-86. Karpman B (1948).Criminal psychopathology; a brief inventory. Prog Neurol Psychiatry. 1948;3:451-68. <mask> B (1948). Conscience in the psychopath: Another version. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry Jul;18(3):455-91. <mask> B (1948).The alcoholic woman: case studies in the psychodynamics of alcoholism. Linacre Press ASIN B000RTFUBS Karpman B (1948). The myth of the psychopathic personality. American Journal of Psychiatry Mar;104(9):523-34. Karpman B (1948). Coprophilia; a collective review. Psychoanal Rev.1948 Jul;35(3):253-72. <mask> B (1948). The psychopathology of exhibitionism; review of the literature. J Clin Exp Psychopathol. 1948 Apr;9(2):179-225. <mask> B (1949). Criminality, insanity and the law.'reprint 1949 'Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Jan-Feb;39(5):584-605. Karpman B (1949). Symposium on psychopathology. Archives of Criminal Psychodynamics Karpman B (1949). The principles and methods of objective psychotherapy. J Clin Psychol. 2000 Jul;56(7):877-87.Karpman B (1949). From the autobiography of a liar; toward the clarification of the problem of psychopathic states. Psychiatr Q. 1949 Apr;23(2):277; passim. Karpman B (1949). A modern Gulliver; a study in coprophilia. Psychoanal Rev.1949 Jul;36(3):260; passim. <mask> B, Lurie LA, Lippman HS, Lourie RS, Rabinovitch RD, Allen FH, Spitz RA, Anderson VV (1950). The psychopathic delinquent child; Round Table, 1949. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 1950 Apr;20(2):223-65. <mask> B (1950). A case of paedophilia (legally rape) cured by psychoanalysis.Psychoanal Rev. 1950 Jul;37(3):235-76. <mask> B (1950). Aggression. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 1950 Oct;20(4):694-718. <mask> B (1951).Psychosis with psychopathic personality: an untenable diagnosis. Psychiatr Q. 1951 Oct;25(4):618-40. Karpman B (1951). The sexual psychopath. J Am Med Assoc. 1951 Jun 23;146(8):721-6.Karpman B (1951). The sexual psychopath. Discussion. Am J Psychother. 1951 Oct;5(4):584-605. Karpman B (1951). A psychoanalytic study of a fraternal twin.Am J Orthopsychiatry. 1951 Oct;21(4):735-55. <mask> B (1951). A psychoanalytic study of a case of murder. Psychoanal Rev. 1951 Jul;38(3):245-70. <mask> B (1952).Insecurity in search of security. Am J Psychother. 1952 Jan;6(1):23-43. Karpman B (1952). Dramanalysis. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 1952 Jul;22(3):570-83.Karpman B (1952). The psychonomic principle in human behavior. Psychoanal Rev. 1952 Apr;39(2):168-86. Karpman B (1953). Dream life in a case of hebephrenia. Psychiatr Q.1953 Apr;27(2):262-316. <mask> B (1953). Psychodynamics in a fraternal twinship relations. Psychoanal Rev. 1953 Jul;40(3):243-67. <mask> B (1953). Psychogenic (hysterical) dysphagia; report of a case.Am J Orthopsychiatry. 1953 Jul;23(3):472-500. <mask> B (1954). A case of fulminating pyromania. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1954 Mar;119(3):205-32. <mask> B (1955).The hangover; a critical study in the psychodynamics of alcoholism Thomas, ASIN B000IB76C6 Karpman B (1955). Dream life in a case of pyromania. Psychoanal Rev. 1955 Jan;42(1):44-60. Karpman B (1956). Criminal Psychodynamics. A Platform.The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Vol. 47, No. 1 (May - Jun., 1956), pp. 8–17 Karpman B (1959). Symposia on child and juvenile delinquency: presented at the American Orthopsychiatric Association. J Am Med Assoc. 1959;171(5):624-625.Karpman B (1961). The structure of neurosis: With special differentials between neurosis, psychosis, homosexuality, alcoholism, psychopathy, and criminality. Archives of Criminal Psychodynamics. 4, 599-646. Karpman B (1964). The sexual offender and his offenses: etiology, pathology, psychodynamics, and treatment. Julian Press, ASIN B0007HAB2I References 1886 births 1962 deaths People from Slutsk People from Slutsky Uyezd Belarusian Jews Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United States American people of Belarusian-Jewish descent University of Minnesota Medical School alumni

<mask> "Ben<mask> was an American Psychiatrist who was known for his work on human sexuality. He was the Head of Psychiatry at Howard University College of Medicine from 1921 to 1941. He was born in Slutzk. He received a bachelor's degree in 1915, a master's degree in 1918, and a Doctor of Medicine degree in 1920. He worked with Jesse Francis McClendon at the University of Minnesota Medical School to pioneer in situ pH measurements. He was promoted to the position of Senior Medical Officer after completing his internship. He published many case reports based on his clinical experience.Dynamic Psychiatry was introduced into the medical curriculum at Howard. The American Mercury had a contributor who was critical of the Harrison narcotics tax act. He was elected to the New York Academy of Sciences. Law and medicine were criticized for their treatment of social problems. He predicted that by 2010 the U.S. would have no prisons. He admitted that he was at odds with the legal profession and most of the psychiatrists. Is the accused sick or not?You can't have mental illness and criminal responsibility in the same person. On May 23, 1962, Karpman had a heart attack and died the next day. The publications were selected by Woodrow H. Some results from a new olfactoric technique. The Journal of Experimental Psychology Volume 2 was published in December of 1917. The small intestine has hydrogen ion concentrations. The Journal of Biological Chemistry was published in 1918.No 1 is XXXIV. Karpman B was born in 1933. There are case studies in the psychopathology of crime. Mimeoform Press Karpman B was published in 1935. The psychogenetics of crime, Volume 1 is about the individual criminal. There is a Nervous and Mental Disease Pub. Co. Karpman B is in Washington MD.The criminal is the individual. There is a British Medical Journal. 2, No. 3952 was published in 1936. There is a need to separate psychopathy into two different clinical types. The Journal of Criminal Psychopathology 3 is a journal. Karpman B was born in1946.There is psychopathy in the scheme of human type. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, Volume 103 - Issue 3 was published in1946. Felonious assault is a symptom of abnormal sexuality. J Crim Law criminol was published in the fall of 1946. Karpman B was born in 1947. Dream life in a case of transvestism has particular attention to the problem of homosexuality. The Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease was published in September 1947.Karpman B was born in 1947. The personality structure and psychogenesis of psychopathy can be seen as passive parasites. Psychoanal Rev. 1947 Apr;34(1):198 Karpman B. There is a moral agenesis. Psychiatr Q. In 1947, the Jul;21(3):361-98 was published.Karpman B was born in 1947. Some concepts of law and psychiatry are being re-examined. The law criminol was published in 1931. The Sep-Oct;38(3):206 17 was published in 1947. Karpman B was born in 1947. The social scientists are being looked at by a Psychiatrist. Am J Sociol.In 1947, 53(2):131-40 was published. <mask> B was born in 1949. The objectives of psychotherapy are principles, methods, and results. The Journal of Clinical Psychology was published in July. <mask> B was born in 1949. There is an inquiry into the ethics of neurotic and psychopathic behavior. The J Crim Law Criminol had a publication in 1949.A man by the name of <mask> B. The psychogenesis of so-called psychopathic behavior can be traced back to the emotional background of white slavery. J crim law criminol was published in 1948. A man by the name of Karpman B. Sex life in prison. The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology was published in February. A man by the name of Karpman B.A brief inventory of criminal psychopathology. Psychiatry that is progneurol. The year 1948 A man by the name of Karpman B. There is another version of science in the psychopath. The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry was published in July. A man by the name of Karpman B.The case studies of the alcoholic woman. ASIN B000RTFUBS is the Linacre Press. There is a myth about the psychopathic personality. The American Journal of Psychiatry was published in March. A man by the name of Karpman B. A collective review of coprophilia. Psychoanal Rev.The Jul;35(3) was published in 1948. A man by the name of Karpman B. There is a review of the literature. J Clin Exp Psychopathol is a drug. The April 9th, 1948 edition of the 9th edition of the 9th edition of the 9th edition of the 9th edition of the 9th edition of the 9th edition of the 9th edition of the 9th edition of the 9th edition of the 9th edition of Karpman B was born in 1949. Criminality, insanity and the law.The 1949 edition of the Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology. Karpman B was born in 1949. There is a symposium on psychopathology. The criminal psychodynamics of Karpman B can be found in the archives. The methods of objective psychotherapy are outlined. J Clin Psychol. 2000 Jul;56(7):877-87<mask> B was born in 1949. The clarification of the problem of psychopathic states came from the autobiography of a liar. Psychiatr Q. The passim was published in 1949. Karpman B was born in 1949. A study in coprophilia. Psychoanal Rev.There was a passim in 1949. Karpman B, Lurie LA, Lippman HS, LourieRS, Rabinovitch RD, Allen FH, and Anderson VV are all from 1950. The Round Table had a child who was delinquent. Am J Psychiatry. 1950 Apr;20(1):223-65. Karpman B was born in 1950. There is a cured case of paedophilia.Psychoanal Rev. 1950 Jul;37(4):235-76 Karpman B was born in 1950. Aggression. Am J Psychiatry. 1950 Oct;20(4):694-718 Karpman B was born in 1951.Psychosis with psychopathic personality is not a valid diagnosis. Psychiatr Q. October 1951;25(4):618-40. Karpman B was born in 1951. The sexual deviant. J Am Med is a medical association. The article was published on Jun 23, 1951.Karpman B was born in 1951. The sexual deviant. There is a discussion. Am J Psychother. October 1951;5(4):584-605 Karpman B was born in 1951. A study of a twin.Am J Psychiatry. In 1951, Oct;21(4):735-55. <mask> B was born in 1951. A study of a case of murder. Psychoanal Rev. There was a Jul 1951;38(3). Karpman B was born in 1952.Security is searched for. Am J Psychother. The Jan;6(1):23-43 was published in 1952. Karpman B was born in 1952. Dramanalysis. Am J Psychiatry. 1952 Jul;22(3):570-87.Karpman B was born in 1952. The principle of psychonomics is used in human behavior. Psychoanal Rev. The Apr;39(2) was published in 1952. Karpman B was born in1953. There is a case of hebephrenia. Psychiatr Q.In the year 1953, the Apr; 27(2):262-316 was published. <mask> B was born in1953. Twinship relations have psychodynamics. Psychoanal Rev. The Jul;40(4):243-67 was published in 1953. <mask> B was born in1953. There is a report of a case.Am J Psychiatry. 1953 Jul;23(4):472-500 Karpman B was born in 1954. There is a case of fulminating. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1955 Mar;119(4): 205-32. Karpman B was born in 1955.A critical study in the psychodynamics of alcoholism was done by Thomas. In a case of pyromania, dream life. Psychoanal Rev. In 1955, the 42(1): 44-60 was published. There was a man named Karpman B. Criminal Psychodynamics is related to criminal behavior. A platform.There is a Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police. 47, No. May - Jun., 1956, pp. 8–16 Karpman B. Symposia on child and juvenile delinquents was presented. J Am Med is a medical association. 1959;171(5):Karpman B was born in 1961. There are special differentials between psychosis, homosexuality, alcoholism, and psychopathy. There are archives of criminal psychodynamics. 5, 599-646. Karpman B was born in 1964. Sexual offenders and their offenses include etiology, pathology, psychodynamics, and treatment. There were 1886 births and 1962 deaths of people from Slutsk and Uyezd.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arjun%20Appadurai

Arjun Appadurai

Arjun Appadurai (born 1949) is an Indian-American anthropologist recognized as a major theorist in globalization studies. In his anthropological work, he discusses the importance of the modernity of nation states and globalization. He is the former University of Chicago professor of anthropology and South Asian Languages and Civilizations, Humanities Dean of the University of Chicago, director of the city center and globalization at Yale University, and the Education and Human Development Studies professor at NYU Steinhardt School of Culture. Some of his most important works include Worship and Conflict under Colonial Rule (1981), Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy (1990), of which an expanded version is found in Modernity at Large (1996), and Fear of Small Numbers (2006). He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1997. Early life Appadurai was born in 1949, into a Tamil family in Mumbai (Bombay), India and educated in India. He graduated from St. Xavier's High School, Fort, Mumbai, and earned his Intermediate Arts degree from Elphinstone College, Mumbai, before moving to the United States. He then received his B.A. from Brandeis University in 1970. Career He was formerly a professor at the University of Chicago where he received his M.A. (1973) and Ph.D (1976) in Anthropology. After working there, he spent a brief time at Yale. University of Pennsylvania Appadurai taught for many years at the University of Pennsylvania, in the departments of Anthropology and South Asia Studies. During his years at Penn, in 1984, he hosted a conference through the Penn Ethnohistory program; this conference led to the publication of the volume called The Social Life of Things: Commodities in Cultural Perspective (1986). Later he joined the faculty at the New School University. He currently is a faculty member of New York University's Media Culture and Communication department in the Steinhardt School. Works Some of his most important works include Worship and Conflict under Colonial Rule (1981), Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy (1990), of which an expanded version is found in Modernity at Large (1996), and Fear of Small Numbers (2006). In The Social Life of Things (1986), Appadurai argued that commodities do not only have economic value; they have political value and social lives as well. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1997. His doctoral work was based on the car festival held in the Parthasarathi temple in Triplicane, Madras. Arjun Appadurai is member of the Advisory Board of the Forum d'Avignon, international meetings of culture, the economy and the media. He is also an advisory member of the journal Janus Unbound: Journal of Critical Studies. New School In 2004, after a brief time as administrator at Yale University, Appadurai became Provost of New School University. Appadurai's resignation from the Provost's office was announced 30 January 2006 by New School President Bob Kerrey. He held the John Dewey Distinguished Professorship in the Social Sciences at New School. Appadurai became one of the more outspoken critics of President Kerrey when he attempted to appoint himself provost in 2008. New York University In 2008 it was announced that Appadurai was appointed Goddard Professor of Media, Culture, and Communication at the NYU Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development. Appadurai retired as emeritus from the department in 2021. Bard Graduate Center In 2021, Appadurai was appointed Max Weber Global Professor at the Bard Graduate Center, though he is based in Berlin and teaches remotely. Affiliations Appadurai is a co-founder of the academic journal Public Culture; founder of the non-profit Partners for Urban Knowledge, Action and Research (PUKAR) in Mumbai; co-founder and co-director of Interdisciplinary Network on Globalization (ING); and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He has served as a consultant or advisor to a wide range of public and private organizations, including the Ford, Rockefeller and MacArthur foundations; UNESCO; the World Bank; and the National Science Foundation. Appadurai has presided over Chicago globalization plan, at many public and private organizations (such as the Ford Foundation, the Rockefeller Foundation, UNESCO, the World Bank, etc.) consultant and long-term concern issues of globalization, modernity and ethnic conflicts. Appadurai held many scholarships and grants, and has received numerous academic honors, including the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences (California) and the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, as well as individual research fellowship from the Open Society Institute (New York). He was elected Arts and Sciences in 1997, the American Academy of Sciences. In 2013, he was awarded an honorary doctorate Erasmus University in the Netherlands. He holds concurrent academic positions as a Mercator Fellow, Free University and Humboldt University, Berlin; Honorary Professor in the Department of Media and Communication at Erasmus University, Rotterdam; and Senior Research Partner at the Max-Planck Institute for Religious and Ethnic Diversity, Gottingen. He also served as a consultant or adviser, extensive public and private organizations, including many large foundations (Ford, MacArthur and Rockefeller); the UNESCO; UNDP; World Bank; the US National Endowment for the Humanities; National Science Foundation; and Infosys Foundation. He served on the Social Sciences jury for the Infosys Prize in 2010 and 2017. He currently serves as the Asian Art Program Advisory Committee members in the Solomon Guggenheim Museum, and the forum D 'Avignon Paris Scientific Advisory Board. Theory In his best known work 'Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy' Appadurai lays out his meta theory of disjuncture. For him the ‘new global cultural economy has to be seen as a complex, overlapping, disjunctive order’. This order is composed of different interrelated, yet disjunctive global cultural flows, specifically the following five: ethnoscapes; the migration of people across cultures and borders mediascapes; the variety of media that shape the way we understand our world technoscapes; the scope and movement of technology (mechanical and informational) around the world financescapes; the worldwide flux of money and capital ideoscapes; the global flow of ideas and ideologies The social imaginary Appadurai articulated a view of cultural activity known as the social imaginary, which is composed of the five dimensions of global cultural flows. He describes his articulation of the imaginary as: The image, the imagined, the imaginary – these are all terms that direct us to something critical and new in global cultural processes: the imagination as a social practice. No longer mere fantasy (opium for the masses whose real work is somewhere else), no longer simple escape (from a world defined principally by more concrete purposes and structures), no longer elite pastime (thus not relevant to the lives of ordinary people), and no longer mere contemplation (irrelevant for new forms of desire and subjectivity), the imagination has become an organized field of social practices, a form of work (in the sense of both labor and culturally organized practice), and a form of negotiation between sites of agency (individuals) and globally defined fields of possibility. This unleashing of the imagination links the play of pastiche (in some settings) to the terror and coercion of states and their competitors. The imagination is now central to all forms of agency, is itself a social fact, and is the key component of the new global order. Appadurai credits Benedict Anderson with developing notions of imagined communities. Some key figures who have worked on the imaginary are Cornelius Castoriadis, Charles Taylor, Jacques Lacan (who especially worked on the symbolic, in contrast with imaginary and the real), and Dilip Gaonkar. However, Appadurai's ethnography of urban social movements in the city of Mumbai has proved to be contentious with several scholars like the Canadian anthropologist, Judith Whitehead arguing that SPARC (an organization which Appadurai espouses as an instance of progressive social activism in housing) being complicit in the World Bank's agenda for re-developing Mumbai. Publications 2016 Banking on Words: The Failure of Language in the Age of Derivative Finance. The University of Chicago Press. 2013 The Future as Cultural Fact: Essays on the Global Condition. Verso. 2012 Co-editor (with A. Mack) India's World: The Politics of Creativity in a Globalized Society. 2007 Worship and Conflict under Colonial Rule: A South Indian Case. Cambridge University Press. 2006 Fear of Small Numbers: An Essay on the Geography of Anger. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. 2002 Globalization (edited volume). Durham, NC: Duke University Press. 2001 Deep democracy: urban governmentality and the horizon of politics. Environment and Urbanization, (Vol. 13 No. 2), pp. 23–43. 2001 La Modernidad Desbordada. (Translation of Modernity At Large) Uruguay and Argentina: Ediciones Trilces and Fondo de Cultura Economica de Argentina. 2001  Apres le Colonialisme: Les Consequences Culturelles de la globalisation. (Translation of Modernity At Large) Paris: Payot. 2001 Modernità in polvere. (Translation of Modernity At Large) Rome: Meltemi Editore. 1996 Modernity At Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. 1991 Co-editor (with M. Mills and F. Korom, Eds.), Gender, Genre and Power in South Asian Expressive Traditions. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 1988 Guest Editor, Special Issue of Cultural Anthropology on "Place and Voice in Anthropological Theory" (Vol. 3, No. 1). 1988 "How to Make a National Cuisine: Cookbooks in Contemporary India," Comparative Studies in Society and History (Vol. 31, No. 1): 3-24. 1987 Guest Editor (with Carol A. Breckenridge), Special Annual Issue of The India Magazine (New Delhi) on "Public Culture". 1986 The Social Life of Things: Commodities in Cultural Perspective (edited volume). New York: Cambridge University Press. 1983 (Reprint). Worship and Conflict Under Colonial Rule: A South Indian Case. New Delhi: Orient Longman. 1981 Worship and Conflict Under Colonial Rule: A South Indian Case. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. See also Commodity Pathway Diversion References External links Official website An A–Z of Theory: Arjun Appadurai by Andrew Robinson (Ceasefire Magazin, 22 April 2011) Fear of Small Numbers by Arjun Appadurai (Duke University Press, 2006) Globalization edited by Arjun Appadurai (Duke University Press, 2001) Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy (1990), PDF 1949 births Living people Tamil scholars Indian emigrants to the United States Writers from Mumbai American anthropologists University of Mumbai alumni Brandeis University alumni University of Chicago alumni University of Chicago faculty New York University faculty American people of Indian Tamil descent American social sciences writers Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Indian Tamil academics Writers about globalization American male writers of Indian descent Indian political writers 20th-century Indian non-fiction writers Indian social sciences writers American male non-fiction writers

<mask> (born 1949) is an Indian-American anthropologist recognized as a major theorist in globalization studies. In his anthropological work, he discusses the importance of the modernity of nation states and globalization. He is the former University of Chicago professor of anthropology and South Asian Languages and Civilizations, Humanities Dean of the University of Chicago, director of the city center and globalization at Yale University, and the Education and Human Development Studies professor at NYU Steinhardt School of Culture. Some of his most important works include Worship and Conflict under Colonial Rule (1981), Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy (1990), of which an expanded version is found in Modernity at Large (1996), and Fear of Small Numbers (2006). He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1997. Early life <mask>durai taught for many years at the University of Pennsylvania, in the departments of Anthropology and South Asia Studies. During his years at Penn, in 1984, he hosted a conference through the Penn Ethnohistory program; this conference led to the publication of the volume called The Social Life of Things: Commodities in Cultural Perspective (1986).Later he joined the faculty at the New School University. He currently is a faculty member of New York University's Media Culture and Communication department in the Steinhardt School. Works Some of his most important works include Worship and Conflict under Colonial Rule (1981), Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy (1990), of which an expanded version is found in Modernity at Large (1996), and Fear of Small Numbers (2006). In The Social Life of Things (1986), Appadurai argued that commodities do not only have economic value; they have political value and social lives as well. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1997. His doctoral work was based on the car festival held in the Parthasarathi temple in Triplicane, Madras. <mask> <mask> is member of the Advisory Board of the Forum d'Avignon, international meetings of culture, the economy and the media.He is also an advisory member of the journal Janus Unbound: Journal of Critical Studies. New School In 2004, after a brief time as administrator at Yale University, <mask> became Provost of New School University. <mask>'s resignation from the Provost's office was announced 30 January 2006 by New School President Bob Kerrey. He held the John Dewey Distinguished Professorship in the Social Sciences at New School. <mask> became one of the more outspoken critics of President Kerrey when he attempted to appoint himself provost in 2008. New York University In 2008 it was announced that <mask> was appointed Goddard Professor of Media, Culture, and Communication at the NYU Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development. <mask> retired as emeritus from the department in 2021.Bard Graduate Center In 2021, Appadurai was appointed Max Weber Global Professor at the Bard Graduate Center, though he is based in Berlin and teaches remotely. Affiliations Appadurai is a co-founder of the academic journal Public Culture; founder of the non-profit Partners for Urban Knowledge, Action and Research (PUKAR) in Mumbai; co-founder and co-director of Interdisciplinary Network on Globalization (ING); and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He has served as a consultant or advisor to a wide range of public and private organizations, including the Ford, Rockefeller and MacArthur foundations; UNESCO; the World Bank; and the National Science Foundation. Appadurai has presided over Chicago globalization plan, at many public and private organizations (such as the Ford Foundation, the Rockefeller Foundation, UNESCO, the World Bank, etc.) consultant and long-term concern issues of globalization, modernity and ethnic conflicts. <mask> held many scholarships and grants, and has received numerous academic honors, including the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences (California) and the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, as well as individual research fellowship from the Open Society Institute (New York). He was elected Arts and Sciences in 1997, the American Academy of Sciences.In 2013, he was awarded an honorary doctorate Erasmus University in the Netherlands. He holds concurrent academic positions as a Mercator Fellow, Free University and Humboldt University, Berlin; Honorary Professor in the Department of Media and Communication at Erasmus University, Rotterdam; and Senior Research Partner at the Max-Planck Institute for Religious and Ethnic Diversity, Gottingen. He also served as a consultant or adviser, extensive public and private organizations, including many large foundations (Ford, MacArthur and Rockefeller); the UNESCO; UNDP; World Bank; the US National Endowment for the Humanities; National Science Foundation; and Infosys Foundation. He served on the Social Sciences jury for the Infosys Prize in 2010 and 2017. He currently serves as the Asian Art Program Advisory Committee members in the Solomon Guggenheim Museum, and the forum D 'Avignon Paris Scientific Advisory Board. Theory In his best known work 'Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy' Appadurai lays out his meta theory of disjuncture. For him the ‘new global cultural economy has to be seen as a complex, overlapping, disjunctive order’.This order is composed of different interrelated, yet disjunctive global cultural flows, specifically the following five: ethnoscapes; the migration of people across cultures and borders mediascapes; the variety of media that shape the way we understand our world technoscapes; the scope and movement of technology (mechanical and informational) around the world financescapes; the worldwide flux of money and capital ideoscapes; the global flow of ideas and ideologies The social imaginary Appadurai articulated a view of cultural activity known as the social imaginary, which is composed of the five dimensions of global cultural flows. He describes his articulation of the imaginary as: The image, the imagined, the imaginary – these are all terms that direct us to something critical and new in global cultural processes: the imagination as a social practice. No longer mere fantasy (opium for the masses whose real work is somewhere else), no longer simple escape (from a world defined principally by more concrete purposes and structures), no longer elite pastime (thus not relevant to the lives of ordinary people), and no longer mere contemplation (irrelevant for new forms of desire and subjectivity), the imagination has become an organized field of social practices, a form of work (in the sense of both labor and culturally organized practice), and a form of negotiation between sites of agency (individuals) and globally defined fields of possibility. This unleashing of the imagination links the play of pastiche (in some settings) to the terror and coercion of states and their competitors. The imagination is now central to all forms of agency, is itself a social fact, and is the key component of the new global order. Appadurai credits Benedict Anderson with developing notions of imagined communities. Some key figures who have worked on the imaginary are Cornelius Castoriadis, Charles Taylor, Jacques Lacan (who especially worked on the symbolic, in contrast with imaginary and the real), and Dilip Gaonkar.However, Appadurai's ethnography of urban social movements in the city of Mumbai has proved to be contentious with several scholars like the Canadian anthropologist, Judith Whitehead arguing that SPARC (an organization which Appadurai espouses as an instance of progressive social activism in housing) being complicit in the World Bank's agenda for re-developing Mumbai. Publications 2016 Banking on Words: The Failure of Language in the Age of Derivative Finance. The University of Chicago Press. 2013 The Future as Cultural Fact: Essays on the Global Condition. Verso. 2012 Co-editor (with A. Mack) India's World: The Politics of Creativity in a Globalized Society. 2007 Worship and Conflict under Colonial Rule: A South Indian Case.Cambridge University Press. 2006 Fear of Small Numbers: An Essay on the Geography of Anger. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. 2002 Globalization (edited volume). Durham, NC: Duke University Press. 2001 Deep democracy: urban governmentality and the horizon of politics. Environment and Urbanization, (Vol.13 No. 2), pp. 23–43. 2001 La Modernidad Desbordada. (Translation of Modernity At Large) Uruguay and Argentina: Ediciones Trilces and Fondo de Cultura Economica de Argentina. 2001  Apres le Colonialisme: Les Consequences Culturelles de la globalisation. (Translation of Modernity At Large) Paris: Payot.2001 Modernità in polvere. (Translation of Modernity At Large) Rome: Meltemi Editore. 1996 Modernity At Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. 1991 Co-editor (with M. Mills and F. Korom, Eds. ), Gender, Genre and Power in South Asian Expressive Traditions. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.1988 Guest Editor, Special Issue of Cultural Anthropology on "Place and Voice in Anthropological Theory" (Vol. 3, No. 1). 1988 "How to Make a National Cuisine: Cookbooks in Contemporary India," Comparative Studies in Society and History (Vol. 31, No. 1): 3-24. 1987 Guest Editor (with Carol A. Breckenridge), Special Annual Issue of The India Magazine (New Delhi) on "Public Culture".1986 The Social Life of Things: Commodities in Cultural Perspective (edited volume). New York: Cambridge University Press. 1983 (Reprint). Worship and Conflict Under Colonial Rule: A South Indian Case. New Delhi: Orient Longman. 1981 Worship and Conflict Under Colonial Rule: A South Indian Case. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.See also Commodity Pathway Diversion References External links Official website An A–Z of Theory: <mask> Appadurai by Andrew Robinson (Ceasefire Magazin, 22 April 2011) Fear of Small Numbers by <mask> <mask> (Duke University Press, 2006) Globalization edited by <mask> <mask> (Duke University Press, 2001) Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy (1990), PDF 1949 births Living people Tamil scholars Indian emigrants to the United States Writers from Mumbai American anthropologists University of Mumbai alumni Brandeis University alumni University of Chicago alumni University of Chicago faculty New York University faculty American people of Indian Tamil descent American social sciences writers Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Indian Tamil academics Writers about globalization American male writers of Indian descent Indian political writers 20th-century Indian non-fiction writers Indian social sciences writers American male non-fiction writers

An Indian-American anthropologist is recognized as a major theorist in globalization studies. He talks about the importance of modernity in nation states and globalization. He is the former University of Chicago professor of anthropology and South Asian Languages and Civilizations, the Humanities Dean of the University of Chicago, and the Education and Human Development Studies professor at NYU Steinhardt School of Culture. Worship and Conflict under Colonial Rule, Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy, and Fear of Small Numbers are some of his most important works. He was a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. <mask> was born in 1949 into a Tamil family in Mumbai, India. He received his Intermediate Arts degree from Elphinstone College, Mumbai, before moving to the United States.He received his degree. In 1970. He was a professor at the University of Chicago. There were two degrees in anthropology. He spent time at Yale after working there. <mask> taught in the Anthropology and South Asia Studies departments at the University of Pennsylvania. In 1984 he hosted a conference at Penn that led to the publication of The Social Life of Things: Commodities in Cultural Perspective.He joined the faculty at the New School University. He is a faculty member in New York University's Media Culture and Communication department. Worship and Conflict under Colonial Rule, Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy, and Fear of Small Numbers are some of his most important works. <mask> argued in The Social Life of Things that commodities have both economic and political value. He was a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. The Parthasarathi temple in Madras was the location of the car festival. A member of the Advisory Board of the Forum d'Avignon is <mask> <mask>.He is an advisory member of the journal. <mask> became the Provost of New School University in 2004. The announcement of <mask>'s resignation was made by New School President Bob Kerrey. He was a professor at New School. <mask> was one of the more outspoken critics of President Kerrey. <mask> was appointed a professor at the NYU Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development in 2008. <mask> retired from the department in 2021.Appadurai was appointed Max Weber Global Professor at the Bard Graduate Center in 2021. Appadurai is a co-founder of the academic journal Public Culture, a founder of the non-profit Partners for Urban Knowledge, Action and Research, and a fellow of the Interdisciplinary Network on Globalization. He has worked for a number of organizations, including the Ford, Rockefeller and MacArthur foundations, UNESCO, the World Bank, and the National Science Foundation. The Chicago globalization plan was presided over by Appadurai at many public and private organizations. Issues of globalization, modernity and ethnic conflicts are concern for a consultant. Appadurai received many scholarships and grants, including the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences and the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, as well as an individual research fellowship from the Open Society Institute. He was elected to the American Academy of Sciences in 1997.He received a doctorate from the university in the Netherlands. He is a senior research partner at the Max-Planck Institute for Religious and Ethnic Diversity, Gottingen. He served as a consultant or adviser to many organizations, including the UNESCO; World Bank; the US National Endowment for the Humanities; and the National Science Foundation. He was on the jury for the social sciences for two years. He is a member of the Asian Art Program Advisory Committee in the Solomon Guggenheim Museum. The meta theory of disjuncture is laid out in <mask>'s best known work. The new global cultural economy has to be seen as a complex, overlapping, disjunctive order.The order is composed of different interrelated, yet disjunctive global cultural flows, specifically the following five: ethnoscapes, the migration of people across cultures and borders, the variety of media that shape the way we understand our world technoscapes, and the scope and movement of technology. The imagination as a social practice is something he describes as being critical and new in global cultural processes. No longer mere fantasy, no longer simple escape, no longer elite pastime, and no longer mere contemplation because they are not relevant to the lives of ordinary people. The play of pastiche is linked to the terror of states and their competitors. The imagination is the key component of the new global order and is now central to all forms of agency. Benedict Anderson is credited by Appadurai with developing notions of imagined communities. Charles Taylor, Jacques Lacan, and Dilip Gaonkar are some of the key figures who have worked on the imaginary.However, Appadurai's ethnography of urban social movements in the city of Mumbai has proved to be contentious with several scholars like the Canadian anthropologist, Judith Whitehead arguing that the organization which Appadurai preaches as an instance of progressive social activism in housing is being complicit in. The Failure of Language in the Age of Derivative Finance is a publication. The University of Chicago Press. Essays on the Global Condition are from The Future as Cultural Fact. Verso. India's World: The Politics of Creativity in a Globalized Society was co-edited by A. Mack. The case was about worship and conflict under the rule.Cambridge University Press. Fear of Small Numbers is an essay about Anger. Duke University Press is in Durham, North Carolina. The edited volume is called Globalization. Duke University Press is in Durham, North Carolina. Governmentality and the horizon of politics were covered in 2001. There is an environment and urbanization.13 No. pp. 2–3. The 2001 edition of La Modernidad Desbordada. There is a translation of modernity at large. The Consequences Culturelles de la globalisation were published in 2001. Paris: Payot is a translation of Modernity At Large.Modernit was in polvere. Rome: Meltemi Editore. The cultural dimensions of globalization were discussed in 1996. The University of Minnesota Press is in Minneapolis. M. Mills and F. Korom were co-editors. South Asian expressive traditions include gender, genre and power. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.The Special Issue of Cultural Anthropology on "Place and Voice in Anthropological Theory" was edited by a guest editor. 3, No. This is the first one. "How to Make a National Cuisine: Cookbooks in Contemporary India" was published in 1988. 31, No. 2): 24. The India Magazine had a special issue on "Public Culture".The Social Life of Things: Commodities in Cultural Perspective was edited. Cambridge University Press is in New York. The Reprint was published in 1983. The case is about worship and conflict under colonial rule. Orient Longman is in New Delhi. A South Indian case about worship and conflict under colonial rule. Cambridge University Press.An A–Z of Theory: <mask> Appadurai by Andrew Robinson is an official website.

32070216

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dallas%20Bower

Dallas Bower

Dallas Bower (25 July 1907, London18 October 1999, London) was a British director and producer active during the early development of mass media communication. Throughout his career Bower’s work spanned radio plays, television shows, propaganda shorts, animations and feature films, with his most notable projects consisting of Alfred Hitchcock’s first film in sound Blackmail (1929), the British Broadcasting Company’s radio play Julius Caesar (1938), the Dunkirk evacuation propaganda short Channel Incident (1940), the feature film Henry V (1944), and an Anglo-French adaptation of Lewis Carroll's children's novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland entitled Alice au pays des merveilles (1949). He later produced some of the earliest British television commercials. The majority of Bower’s work has been lost over time, due to both degradation and the purposeful melting down of the cellulose nitrate prints to extract small amounts of silver during the Second World war, leading to the placement of some of Bower’s projects in the British Film Institute's 75 Most Wanted lost films. Biography Personal life Dallas Bower was born on the 25 July 1907, in apartment 34 of Kensington Hall Gardens, London. Throughout his childhood Bower frequently visited the Old Royalty Cinema with his uncle, where they saw motion pictures such as The Birth of a Nation (1915) and Intolerance (1916), which Bower would later cite as a significant early influences that would inspire his future involvement in the film industry. Bower was educated at Willington Preparatory School in Putney, and St John’s College Hurstpierpoint, where he studied classical literature in addition to contemporary technology. On 18 November 1925, at the age of 18, he married Violet Florence Collings (1906–1999). Together they had two daughters and a son before separating in 1945. Radio career Bower was first introduced to radio by an older student at St John’s College who had been working on a small valve set. The pair would soon after establish an amateur radio station based in Bower’s grandfather’s house in Putney. Following his graduation from St John’s College, Bower was employed by the Marconi Scientific Instrument Company, while at the same time he was selected to edit the radio theory and design journals Modern Wireless in 1925 and Experimental Wireless in 1926. As a prominent figure in the developing British radio industry he was invited to the Radio Society of Great Britain in 1926, where Bower personally heard Campbell Swinton lecture on the topic of cathode ray oscillography, the theory on which modern television transmissions are predicated on. Bower stated that the lecture made a ‘profound impression on him, directly leading to his collaborations with the British developer and radio physicist Robert Watson-Watt. Bower's meetings with Watt convinced him to enter the world of cinema, as the newfound technological advancements of the 1920s made the type of ambitious projects Bower envisioned feasible. Early cinematic career In 1927 Bower was hired as a sound recordist for British International Pictures (BIP), located in Elstree, London. In this position Bower recorded audio for a multitude of the company's projects, the most notable inclusions being Harry Lachman’s Under the Greenwood Tree (1929) and Alfred Hitchcock’s first movie filmed with dialogue, Blackmail (1929). However, Dallas was forced to leave BIP the same year due to the Great Depression and the BPI's efforts to make the division more economical. In 1930 Stoll Pictures hired Dallas Bower to continue sound recording for the director and first university professor of film, Thorold Dickinson. Throughout this period Dickinson educated Bower on the principles of sound editing, which Bower utilised when given the opportunity to edit the scoring for the film Q-Ships (1930), a drama set in the First World War. The success of Q-Ships allowed him to quickly transition from sound editor into film editing, with his first project being Midnight Sister (1930) a comedy produced by the Pathé Film Company. In 1933 Reginal Smith, the founder of Riverside Studios, offered Bower a directorial position on the feature film The Path of Glory (1934) a satirical take on the war genre, however, the film was lost over time and is currently listed as one of the British Film Institute’s 75 Most Wanted lost films. The Path of Glory’s success put Bower into close association with Paul Czinner, a Hungarian director who had fled Nazi-Germany and required an assistant director to aid in communication. In the role of assistant director Bower assisted in the pre-production and on-set filming of Czinner’s films Escape me Never (1935) and As You Like It (1936), until their partnership ended when Bower joined the British Broadcasting Corporation. Involvement with the British Broadcasting Company In May 1936 Dallas Bower and Stephen Thomas were appointed as senior producers of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) by Gerald Cock, the first Director of Television for the BBC. Bower, who worked with Cock at BIP, was tasked with adapting ‘high culture’ to the developing mediums of mass communication, in the form of radio plays, short films and television shows. In this position Bower was accredited with the production of the programs Television Comes to London (1936), Television Demonstration Film (1937), Julius Caesar (1938), Checkmate (1938), and Rope (1939), the majority of which have been completely or partially lost to time. He had additionally been working on a screenplay for an adaption of Shakespeare’s Henry V, set in a Fascist state; however, the BBC halted all services before the script’s completion due to Nazi Germany’s invasion of Poland in September 1939. World War II Due to the outbreak of World War II, Bower was commissioned into the Royal Corps of Signals, where he was posted to a training brigade located in Whitby. However, relatively soon into the conflict Bower was transferred into the Ministry of Information, which produced propaganda for the British war effort. Bower’s role in the Ministry was equivalent to that of an executive producer. One of Bower’s first pieces of propaganda was Channel Incident (1940) a short film based on the Dunkirk Evacuation of British troops, reportedly Channel Incident was one of Prime Minister Winston Churchill’s favourite propaganda pieces. In addition, he was responsible for the production of the radio play Alexander Nevsky’ (1941), a project which was commissioned in correlation with the Soviet’s entry into WWII, as well as Columbus, another radio play to celebrate the 450th anniversary of the European's arrival in America. Over the course of the conflict Bower continued to work and reconfigure the script for Henry V, creating a more traditional appropriation. The final script was bought by Filippo del Giudice in 1944, causing Bower to resign from the Ministry to attach himself to the project. Film career Following his resignation from the Ministry of Information, Bower initially envisioned himself as the director for ‘Henry V’, however, due to a multitude of setbacks the lead actor Sir Laurence Oliver took his position, while Bower remained on the project as an Associate Producer. Bower contributed significantly to the film throughout production, writing the original screenplay, approving all further edits, sourcing the film’s composer, and securing the services of BAFTA award-winning cinematographer Robert Krasker. Ultimately, the film was a critical and financial success. Bower’s follow-up project was an Anglo-French adaptation of Alice in Wonderland, which he signed-on to after being approached by a French film crew in search of a British director. The film was only released in France and the United States to mixed audience reception and an underwhelming box office due, in part, to Walt Disney’s release of Alice in Wonderland at a similar time. Fifty years after the film's initial release the Museum of Modern Art in New York restored the film, which had been damaged due to negligent storage. Bower directed two more films: The Second Mrs Tanquerary (1952), which was filmed over the course of eight days in the Adelphi Theatre for under £25,000, and Doorway to Suspicion. Both films received negative reviews and had a minimal impact at the box office. Later career and death After retiring from the director's chair, Bower began work on the production of the earliest television commercials under the company TV Advertising. Over this period Bower produced 80 commercials, directing 12 of them. He found the new avenue of work taxing, leading to his retirement in the mid-1960s. After retiring from commercials Bower was never again involved in production or directing, continuing to his death from heart failure on 18 October 1999. Selected filmography Director The Path of Glory (1934) Rope (TV movie) (1939) Alice in Wonderland (1949) The Second Mrs Tanqueray (1952) Doorway to Suspicion (1957) Soundman Blackmail (1929) Under the Greenwood Tree (1929) Editor Q-Ships (1929) Dick Turpin (1933) References External links 1907 births 1999 deaths Film directors from London British animated film directors British animated film producers British Army personnel of World War II Royal Corps of Signals officers 20th-century British businesspeople

<mask> (25 July 1907, London18 October 1999, London) was a British director and producer active during the early development of mass media communication. Throughout his career Bower’s work spanned radio plays, television shows, propaganda shorts, animations and feature films, with his most notable projects consisting of Alfred Hitchcock’s first film in sound Blackmail (1929), the British Broadcasting Company’s radio play Julius Caesar (1938), the Dunkirk evacuation propaganda short Channel Incident (1940), the feature film Henry V (1944), and an Anglo-French adaptation of Lewis Carroll's children's novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland entitled Alice au pays des merveilles (1949). He later produced some of the earliest British television commercials. The majority of Bower’s work has been lost over time, due to both degradation and the purposeful melting down of the cellulose nitrate prints to extract small amounts of silver during the Second World war, leading to the placement of some of Bower’s projects in the British Film Institute's 75 Most Wanted lost films. Biography Personal life <mask> was born on the 25 July 1907, in apartment 34 of Kensington Hall Gardens, London. Throughout his childhood Bower frequently visited the Old Royalty Cinema with his uncle, where they saw motion pictures such as The Birth of a Nation (1915) and Intolerance (1916), which Bower would later cite as a significant early influences that would inspire his future involvement in the film industry. Bower was educated at Willington Preparatory School in Putney, and St John’s College Hurstpierpoint, where he studied classical literature in addition to contemporary technology.On 18 November 1925, at the age of 18, he married Violet Florence Collings (1906–1999). Together they had two daughters and a son before separating in 1945. Radio career Bower was first introduced to radio by an older student at St John’s College who had been working on a small valve set. The pair would soon after establish an amateur radio station based in Bower’s grandfather’s house in Putney. Following his graduation from St John’s College, Bower was employed by the Marconi Scientific Instrument Company, while at the same time he was selected to edit the radio theory and design journals Modern Wireless in 1925 and Experimental Wireless in 1926. As a prominent figure in the developing British radio industry he was invited to the Radio Society of Great Britain in 1926, where Bower personally heard Campbell Swinton lecture on the topic of cathode ray oscillography, the theory on which modern television transmissions are predicated on. Bower stated that the lecture made a ‘profound impression on him, directly leading to his collaborations with the British developer and radio physicist Robert Watson-Watt.Bower's meetings with Watt convinced him to enter the world of cinema, as the newfound technological advancements of the 1920s made the type of ambitious projects Bower envisioned feasible. Early cinematic career In 1927 <mask> was hired as a sound recordist for British International Pictures (BIP), located in Elstree, London. In this position Bower recorded audio for a multitude of the company's projects, the most notable inclusions being Harry Lachman’s Under the Greenwood Tree (1929) and Alfred Hitchcock’s first movie filmed with dialogue, Blackmail (1929). However, <mask> was forced to leave BIP the same year due to the Great Depression and the BPI's efforts to make the division more economical. In 1930 Stoll Pictures hired <mask> to continue sound recording for the director and first university professor of film, Thorold Dickinson. Throughout this period Dickinson educated <mask> on the principles of sound editing, which Bower utilised when given the opportunity to edit the scoring for the film Q-Ships (1930), a drama set in the First World War. The success of Q-Ships allowed him to quickly transition from sound editor into film editing, with his first project being Midnight Sister (1930) a comedy produced by the Pathé Film Company.In 1933 Reginal Smith, the founder of Riverside Studios, offered Bower a directorial position on the feature film The Path of Glory (1934) a satirical take on the war genre, however, the film was lost over time and is currently listed as one of the British Film Institute’s 75 Most Wanted lost films. The Path of Glory’s success put Bower into close association with Paul Czinner, a Hungarian director who had fled Nazi-Germany and required an assistant director to aid in communication. In the role of assistant director Bower assisted in the pre-production and on-set filming of Czinner’s films Escape me Never (1935) and As You Like It (1936), until their partnership ended when Bower joined the British Broadcasting Corporation. Involvement with the British Broadcasting Company In May 1936 <mask> and Stephen Thomas were appointed as senior producers of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) by Gerald Cock, the first Director of Television for the BBC. Bower, who worked with Cock at BIP, was tasked with adapting ‘high culture’ to the developing mediums of mass communication, in the form of radio plays, short films and television shows. In this position Bower was accredited with the production of the programs Television Comes to London (1936), Television Demonstration Film (1937), Julius Caesar (1938), Checkmate (1938), and Rope (1939), the majority of which have been completely or partially lost to time. He had additionally been working on a screenplay for an adaption of Shakespeare’s Henry V, set in a Fascist state; however, the BBC halted all services before the script’s completion due to Nazi Germany’s invasion of Poland in September 1939.World War II Due to the outbreak of World War II, <mask> was commissioned into the Royal Corps of Signals, where he was posted to a training brigade located in Whitby. However, relatively soon into the conflict Bower was transferred into the Ministry of Information, which produced propaganda for the British war effort. Bower’s role in the Ministry was equivalent to that of an executive producer. One of Bower’s first pieces of propaganda was Channel Incident (1940) a short film based on the Dunkirk Evacuation of British troops, reportedly Channel Incident was one of Prime Minister Winston Churchill’s favourite propaganda pieces. In addition, he was responsible for the production of the radio play Alexander Nevsky’ (1941), a project which was commissioned in correlation with the Soviet’s entry into WWII, as well as Columbus, another radio play to celebrate the 450th anniversary of the European's arrival in America. Over the course of the conflict Bower continued to work and reconfigure the script for Henry V, creating a more traditional appropriation. The final script was bought by Filippo del Giudice in 1944, causing Bower to resign from the Ministry to attach himself to the project.Film career Following his resignation from the Ministry of Information, <mask> initially envisioned himself as the director for ‘Henry V’, however, due to a multitude of setbacks the lead actor Sir Laurence Oliver took his position, while <mask> remained on the project as an Associate Producer. Bower contributed significantly to the film throughout production, writing the original screenplay, approving all further edits, sourcing the film’s composer, and securing the services of BAFTA award-winning cinematographer Robert Krasker. Ultimately, the film was a critical and financial success. <mask>’s follow-up project was an Anglo-French adaptation of Alice in Wonderland, which he signed-on to after being approached by a French film crew in search of a British director. The film was only released in France and the United States to mixed audience reception and an underwhelming box office due, in part, to Walt Disney’s release of Alice in Wonderland at a similar time. Fifty years after the film's initial release the Museum of Modern Art in New York restored the film, which had been damaged due to negligent storage. Bower directed two more films: The Second Mrs Tanquerary (1952), which was filmed over the course of eight days in the Adelphi Theatre for under £25,000, and Doorway to Suspicion.Both films received negative reviews and had a minimal impact at the box office. Later career and death After retiring from the director's chair, Bower began work on the production of the earliest television commercials under the company TV Advertising. Over this period Bower produced 80 commercials, directing 12 of them. He found the new avenue of work taxing, leading to his retirement in the mid-1960s. After retiring from commercials Bower was never again involved in production or directing, continuing to his death from heart failure on 18 October 1999. Selected filmography Director The Path of Glory (1934) Rope (TV movie) (1939) Alice in Wonderland (1949) The Second Mrs Tanqueray (1952) Doorway to Suspicion (1957) Soundman Blackmail (1929) Under the Greenwood Tree (1929) Editor Q-Ships (1929) Dick Turpin (1933) References External links 1907 births 1999 deaths Film directors from London British animated film directors British animated film producers British Army personnel of World War II Royal Corps of Signals officers 20th-century British businesspeople

<mask> was a British director and producer who was active during the early development of mass media communication. Alfred Hitchcock's first film in sound Blackmail and the British Broadcasting Company's radio play Julius Caesar are two of the most notable projects of <mask>'s career. Some of the earliest British television commercials were produced by him. Due to both degradation and the melting down of the cellulose nitrate prints to extract small amounts of silver during the Second World war, the majority of Bower's work has been lost over time, leading to the placement of some of his projects in the British Film Institute's 75 Most. <mask> was born on July 25, 1907, in apartment 34 of Kensington Hall Gardens, London. The Birth of a Nation and Intolerance were two motion pictures that inspired Bower's future involvement in the film industry, as they were both seen at the Old Royalty Cinema with his uncle. He studied classical literature and technology at St John's College and Willington Prep.He married Violet Florence Collings at the age of 18. They had three children before they separated in 1945. An older student at St John's College introduced Bower to radio when he was working on a small valve set. They established an amateur radio station in the house of their grandfather. The radio theory and design journals Modern Wireless and Experimental Wireless were edited by Bower at the same time he was employed by the Marconi Scientific Instrument Company. He was invited to the Radio Society of Great Britain in the late 19th century because he was a prominent figure in the British radio industry. The lecture made a profound impression on him, leading to his collaboration with the British developer and radio physicist Robert Watson-Watt.The technological advancement of the 1920s made ambitious projects feasible, as the meetings with Watt convinced him to enter the world of cinema. British International Pictures hired <mask> as a sound recordist in 1927. In this position, Bower recorded audio for many of the company's projects, the most notable being Harry Lachman's Under the Greenwood Tree and Alfred Hitchcock's first movie filmed with dialogue, Blackmail. Due to the Great Depression, <mask> was forced to leave Bip the same year. <mask> was hired by Stoll Pictures in 1930 to continue sound recording for the first university professor of film. When given the chance to edit the scoring for the film Q-Ships, which was a drama set in the First World War, Bower used the principles of sound editing Dickinson taught him. The success of Q-Ships allowed him to quickly transition from sound editor to film editor, and his first project was a comedy called Midnight Sister.The film The Path of Glory, a satirical take on the war genre, was lost over time and is currently listed as one of the British Film Institute's 75 Most Wanted. Paul Czinner, a Hungarian director who had fled Nazi-Germany and needed an assistant director to aid in communication, was put into close association with Bower by the success of The Path of Glory. In the role of assistant director, <mask> assisted in the pre-production and on-set filming of Czinner's films Escape me Never and As You Like It. The first Director of Television for the British Broadcasting Corporation appointed <mask> and Stephen as senior producers in May 1936. He was tasked with adapting high culture to the developing medium of mass communication in the form of radio plays, short films and television shows. Television Comes to London, Television Demonstration Film, Julius Caesar, Checkmate, and Rope are some of the programs that have been completely or partially lost to time. He was working on a script for an adaption of Shakespeare's Henry V, set in a Fascist state, which was halted due to the Nazi Germany's invasion of Poland in September 1939.After the outbreak of World War II, he was posted to a training brigade located in Whitby. The Ministry of Information produced propaganda for the British during the conflict. The role of the Ministry was equivalent to that of an executive producer. One of the first pieces of propaganda was Channel Incident, a short film that was based on the Dunkirk Evacuation of British troops. He was responsible for the production of the radio play Alexander Nevsky' (1941), a project which was commissioned in correlation with the Soviet's entry into WWII, as well as Columbus, another radio play to celebrate the 450th anniversary of the European's arrival in America. The script for Henry V was reworked by Bower over the course of the conflict. The final script was bought by Filippo del Giudice in 1944 and caused him to resign from the Ministry and attach himself to the project.Due to a number of setbacks, the lead actor in 'Henry V' took his position, while the associate producer remained on the project. The film was largely contributed to by Bower, who wrote the original screenplay, approved all further edits, and secured the services of Robert Krasker. The film was a success. After being approached by a French film crew in search of a British director, he signed-on to the Anglo-French adaptation of Alice in Wonderland. The film was only released in France and the United States to a mixed audience reception, due in part to the release of Disney's Alice in Wonderland at the same time. Fifty years after the film's initial release, the Museum of Modern Art in New York restored the film, which had been damaged due to negligent storage. The Second Mrs Tanquerary, which was filmed over the course of eight days in the Adelphi Theatre for under £25,000, was directed by Bower.The films had a minimal impact at the box office. After retiring from the director's chair, he began work on the production of the earliest television commercials. Bower directed 12 of the 80 commercials that he produced. He retired in the mid-1960s after finding the new avenue of work taxing. After retiring from commercials, he was never again involved in production or directing. The Path of Glory was directed by Dick Tur.

1928993

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danny%20Kortchmar

Danny Kortchmar

Daniel "Kootch" Kortchmar (born April 6, 1946) is an American guitarist, session musician, producer and songwriter. Kortchmar's work with singer-songwriters such as Linda Ronstadt, James Taylor, David Crosby, Carole King, David Cassidy, Graham Nash, Neil Young, Steve Perry and Carly Simon helped define the signature sound of the singer-songwriter era of the 1970s. Jackson Browne and Don Henley have recorded many songs written or co-written by Kortchmar, and Kortchmar was Henley's songwriting and producing partner in the 1980s. Biography Kortchmar is the son of manufacturer Emil Kortchmar and author Lucy Cores. Kortchmar first came to prominence in the mid-1960s playing with bands in his native New York City, such as The King Bees and The Flying Machine, which included the then-unknown James Taylor (Kortchmar having been a long-time friend of Taylor's; both of them summered in Martha's Vineyard in their teens). In Taylor's autobiographical composition "Fire and Rain", the line "sweet dreams and flying machines in pieces on the ground" is a reference to the breakup of that band. During 1966, Kortchmar traveled to England, where he spent time as a session musician. In 1967, Kortchmar joined The Fugs, appearing on their 1968 Tenderness Junction album before following bassist Charles Larkey to California, where they joined Carole King in forming a trio named The City. The group produced an album in 1968, Now That Everything's Been Said, which received scattered good reviews but was not a commercial success. The group subsequently broke up, but Kortchmar continued backing King on her more successful solo career, including the groundbreaking 1971 album Tapestry. In 1970, Kortchmar reunited with Taylor on his breakthrough album Sweet Baby James. Kortchmar's work with Taylor and King made him one of the top LA session guitarists in the 1970s and 1980s. Kortchmar worked on his own, reuniting with Larkey in the band Jo Mama in 1970 and 1971 and recording solo albums Kootch (1973) and Innuendo (1980), but he experienced his greatest success backing other artists such as Linda Ronstadt, Warren Zevon, Harry Nilsson and Jackson Browne (when Browne recorded Kortchmar's song "Shaky Town" for the Running on Empty album, Kortchmar sang harmony vocals). In the 1970s he made three albums with Leland Sklar, Russ Kunkel, and Craig Doerge, as The Section. Kortchmar recorded two albums as part of the band Attitudes, with Jim Keltner, David Foster and Paul Stallworth, for George Harrison's Dark Horse record label. The self-titled album Attitudes included Kortchmar's "Honey Don't Leave L.A.," which James Taylor also recorded. The second album, Good News, included several Kortchmar compositions. He wrote music for the Cheech & Chong film Up in Smoke and he also produced recordings by Don Henley, Neil Young, Jon Bon Jovi, Stevie Nicks, Billy Joel, Hanson, Tracy Chapman, Louise Goffin and others. Kortchmar is featured on guitar on Carole King's 1975 album, Thoroughbred. In the early 80s, Kortchmar toured and recorded extensively with Linda Ronstadt, and appeared in two of her music videos. He can be seen playing guitar in the video for "Get Closer". In 1983, he played Linda's love interest in the music video for "What's New?". He also appeared with Linda when she performed on the twenty-fifth anniversary Grammy Awards telecast. Kortchmar had a cameo as Ronnie Pudding (Spinal Tap's bass player in their early years) in the "Gimme Some Money" video segment of the 1984 mockumentary This Is Spinal Tap. In 1984, he co-produced and played on Don Henley's album Building the Perfect Beast. On that album, Kortchmar wrote the songs "You're Not Drinking Enough" and "All She Wants To Do Is Dance". Also on that album, he co-wrote the songs "You Can't Make Love", "Man with a Mission", "Not Enough Love in the World", "Building the Perfect Beast", "Sunset Grill", and "Drivin' With Your Eyes Closed". In 1989, Kortchmar co-produced and played on Don Henley's album The End of the Innocence. Also on that album, he co-wrote the songs "How Bad Do You Want It?", "I Will Not Go Quietly", "New York Minute", "Shangri-La", "Little Tin God", and "If Dirt Were Dollars". In 1990, Kortchmar co-produced and played on Jon Bon Jovi's # 1 album Blaze of Glory. In 1992, he co-produced Toto's eighth studio album Kingdom of Desire, he also wrote two of the songs on this album: "Kick Down the Walls" and the title track. In 1993, he co-produced and played on Billy Joel's album River of Dreams. In 1996, Kortchmar formed the group Slo Leak, playing primarily blues rock, and released an eponymous album. In 1999, the group released its second album, "When the Clock Strikes 12." Kortchmar was brought aboard to produce Van Halen's abandoned second album with former Extreme singer Gary Cherone in 1999. Kortchmar mentored children's musician Mister G and recorded some of his early demos. In 2004, Kortchmar started a new group, the Midnight Eleven, and the band released its first album in 2005. In 2006 he co-produced Hanson's album The Walk, which was released in the U.S. in the summer of 2007. Also in 2006, Kortchmar participated in the Japan tour of the Verbs, a unit consisting of Steve Jordan and Jordan's wife, Meegan Voss. In 2010 Kortchmar joined the Troubadour Reunion Tour supporting Taylor and King along with Section bandmates Lee Sklar and Russ Kunkel. In the souvenir book for the tour, his biography stated that he was working on an album of his songs that were originally recorded by other artists. Discography Solo 1973 Kootch (Warner Bros.) 1980 Innuendo (Asylum) With associated groups 1969 The City / Now That Everything's Been Said (Ode) 1970 Jo Mama / Jo Mama (Atlantic) 1971 Jo Mama / J Is for Jump (Atlantic) 1971 (re-released 1996) James Taylor and the Original Flying Machine 1972 The Section (Warner Bros) 1973 The Section / Forward Motion (Warner Bros) 1975 Attitudes / Attitudes (Dark Horse) 1975 “Wind on the Water/ David Crosby and Graham Nash” 1977 Running on Empty with Jackson Browne 1977 Attitudes / Good News (Dark Horse) 1977 The Section / Fork it Over (Capitol) 1978 Warren Zevon / Nighttime in the Switching Yard (Excitable Boy LP) 1981 Shot of love with Bob Dylan 1990 " Brent Bourgeois "/ Brent Bourgeois (Charisma Records) 1997 The Fabulous Thunderbirds / High Water (High Street / Windham Hill) 2001 Boz Skaggs / Dig 2005 Midnight Eleven / Midnight Eleven 2018 Danny Kortchmar and The Immediate Family / Honey Don't Leave LA (Vivid Sound) 2018 Danny Kortchmar and The Immediate Family / Live In Japan at Billboard Live Tokyo June 18, 2018 (Vivid Sound) 2020 The Immediate Family / Turn It Up To 10 (Vivid Sound) 2020 The Immediate Family / Slippin & Slidin EP (Quarto Valley Records) 2021 The Immediate Family / Can't Stop Progress EP (Quarto Valley Records) 2021 The Immediate Family / The Immediate Family (Quarto Valley Records) References External links Danny Kortchmar Facebook page Danny Kortchmar unofficial website by italian fan 1946 births Living people American session musicians American people of Russian descent American rock guitarists American expatriates in the United Kingdom American folk guitarists American male guitarists American country guitarists American pop guitarists American male songwriters Record producers from New York (state) Songwriters from New York (state) Guitarists from Los Angeles Guitarists from New York City The Fugs members 20th-century American guitarists Record producers from California

Daniel "Kootch<mask> (born April 6, 1946) is an American guitarist, session musician, producer and songwriter. Kortchmar's work with singer-songwriters such as Linda Ronstadt, James Taylor, David Crosby, Carole King, David Cassidy, Graham Nash, Neil Young, Steve Perry and Carly Simon helped define the signature sound of the singer-songwriter era of the 1970s. Jackson Browne and Don Henley have recorded many songs written or co-written by <mask>, and <mask> was Henley's songwriting and producing partner in the 1980s. Biography <mask> is the son of manufacturer <mask> and author Lucy Cores. <mask> first came to prominence in the mid-1960s playing with bands in his native New York City, such as The King Bees and The Flying Machine, which included the then-unknown James Taylor (Kortchmar having been a long-time friend of Taylor's; both of them summered in Martha's Vineyard in their teens). In Taylor's autobiographical composition "Fire and Rain", the line "sweet dreams and flying machines in pieces on the ground" is a reference to the breakup of that band. During 1966, <mask> traveled to England, where he spent time as a session musician.In 1967, <mask> joined The Fugs, appearing on their 1968 Tenderness Junction album before following bassist Charles Larkey to California, where they joined Carole King in forming a trio named The City. The group produced an album in 1968, Now That Everything's Been Said, which received scattered good reviews but was not a commercial success. The group subsequently broke up, but <mask> continued backing King on her more successful solo career, including the groundbreaking 1971 album Tapestry. In 1970, <mask> reunited with Taylor on his breakthrough album Sweet Baby James. <mask>'s work with Taylor and King made him one of the top LA session guitarists in the 1970s and 1980s. <mask> worked on his own, reuniting with Larkey in the band Jo Mama in 1970 and 1971 and recording solo albums Kootch (1973) and Innuendo (1980), but he experienced his greatest success backing other artists such as Linda Ronstadt, Warren Zevon, Harry Nilsson and Jackson Browne (when Browne recorded Kortchmar's song "Shaky Town" for the Running on Empty album, <mask> sang harmony vocals). In the 1970s he made three albums with Leland Sklar, Russ Kunkel, and Craig Doerge, as The Section.<mask> recorded two albums as part of the band Attitudes, with Jim Keltner, David Foster and Paul Stallworth, for George Harrison's Dark Horse record label. The self-titled album Attitudes included <mask>'s "Honey Don't Leave L.A.," which James Taylor also recorded. The second album, Good News, included several <mask> & Chong film Up in Smoke and he also produced recordings by Don Henley, Neil Young, Jon Bon Jovi, Stevie Nicks, Billy Joel, Hanson, Tracy Chapman, Louise Goffin and others. <mask> is featured on guitar on Carole King's 1975 album, Thoroughbred. In the early 80s, <mask> toured and recorded extensively with Linda Ronstadt, and appeared in two of her music videos. He can be seen playing guitar in the video for "Get Closer".In 1983, he played Linda's love interest in the music video for "What's New?". He also appeared with Linda when she performed on the twenty-fifth anniversary Grammy Awards telecast. Kortchmar had a cameo as Ronnie Pudding (Spinal Tap's bass player in their early years) in the "Gimme Some Money" video segment of the 1984 mockumentary This Is Spinal Tap. In 1984, he co-produced and played on Don Henley's album Building the Perfect Beast. On that album, Kortchmar wrote the songs "You're Not Drinking Enough" and "All She Wants To Do Is Dance". Also on that album, he co-wrote the songs "You Can't Make Love", "Man with a Mission", "Not Enough Love in the World", "Building the Perfect Beast", "Sunset Grill", and "Drivin' With Your Eyes Closed". In 1989, <mask> co-produced and played on Don Henley's album The End of the Innocence.Also on that album, he co-wrote the songs "How Bad Do You Want It? ", "I Will Not Go Quietly", "New York Minute", "Shangri-La", "Little Tin God", and "If Dirt Were Dollars". In 1990, <mask> co-produced and played on Jon Bon Jovi's # 1 album Blaze of Glory. In 1992, he co-produced Toto's eighth studio album Kingdom of Desire, he also wrote two of the songs on this album: "Kick Down the Walls" and the title track. In 1993, he co-produced and played on Billy Joel's album River of Dreams. In 1996, <mask> formed the group Slo Leak, playing primarily blues rock, and released an eponymous album. In 1999, the group released its second album, "When the Clock Strikes 12."<mask> was brought aboard to produce Van Halen's abandoned second album with former Extreme singer Gary Cherone in 1999. Kortchmar mentored children's musician Mister G and recorded some of his early demos. In 2004, Kortchmar started a new group, the Midnight Eleven, and the band released its first album in 2005. In 2006 he co-produced Hanson's album The Walk, which was released in the U.S. in the summer of 2007. Also in 2006, <mask> participated in the Japan tour of the Verbs, a unit consisting of Steve Jordan and Jordan's wife, Meegan Voss. In 2010 <mask> joined the Troubadour Reunion Tour supporting Taylor and King along with Section bandmates Lee Sklar and Russ Kunkel. In the souvenir book for the tour, his biography stated that he was working on an album of his songs that were originally recorded by other artists.

<mask> is an American guitarist, session musician, producer and writer. The signature sound of the singer-songwriter era of the 1970s was defined by Kortchmar's work. Jackson Browne and Don Henley have recorded many songs written or co-written by <mask>. <mask> is the son of Lucy Cores. In the 1960's, <mask> played in a number of New York City bands, including The King Bees and The Flying Machine, as well as James Taylor, who was a long-time friend of Kortchmar. The line "sweet dreams and flying machines in pieces on the ground" is a reference to the break up of that band in Taylor's autobiographical composition "Fire and Rain". <mask> spent time as a session musician in England in 1966.After joining The Fugs in 1967, <mask> went to California and formed a trio called The City. The group produced an album in 1968, Now That Everything's Been Said, which received scattered good reviews, but was not a commercial success. <mask> continued to support King even after the group broke up. <mask> and Taylor collaborated on a breakthrough album in 1970. <mask>'s work with Taylor and King made him one of the top LA session guitarists. <mask> was in the band Jo Mama in 1970 and 1971 and recorded two solo albums, but he was best known for his work with other artists, such as Linda Ronstadt. He made three albums with Leland Sklar, Russ Kunkel, and Craig Doerge as The Section.<mask> recorded two albums for George Harrison's Dark Horse record label. <mask>'s "Honey Don't Leave L.A." was recorded by James Taylor. Several <mask>ch & Chong film Up in Smoke as well as recordings by Neil Young, Jon Bon Jovi, Stevie Nicks and others. The 1975 album, Thoroughbred, features <mask> on the guitar. <mask> appeared in two of Linda Ronstadt's music videos. The video for "Get Closer" has him playing guitar.He played Linda's love interest in a music video. Linda performed on the twenty-fifth anniversary of theGrammy Awards. <mask> played the bass player inSpinal Tap's early years in the "Gimme Some Money" video segment. The album Building the Perfect Beast was co-produced and played by him. <mask> wrote two songs on that album. He co- wrote the songs "You Can't Make Love", "Man with a Mission", "Not Enough Love in the World", and "Sunset Grill". <mask> co-produced and played on Don Henley's album The End of the Innocence.He co- wrote "How Bad Do You Want It?" on that album. "If Dirt Were Dollars", "New York Minute", "Shangri-La", and "Little Tin God" are also included. Jon Bon Jovi's # 1 album was co-produced and played by <mask>. The title track and "Kick Down the Walls" are two of the songs that he wrote for the album Kingdom of Desire. He co-produced and played on Billy Joel's album River of Dreams in 1993. In 1996, <mask> formed the group Slo Leak and released an album. "When the Clock Strikes 12" was the group's second album.In 1999 <mask> was brought on to produce Van Halen's abandoned second album. Mister G recorded some of his early demos. The band released its first album in 2005, after <mask> started a new group. In the summer of 2007, he co-produced Hanson's album The Walk. In 2006 <mask> was a part of the Japan tour of the Verbs, a unit consisting of Steve Jordan and Meegan Voss. <mask> supported Taylor and King along with Section bandmates Lee Sklar and Russ Kunkel. His biography stated that he was working on an album of his songs that were originally recorded by other artists.

35214225

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swapnil%20Rajshekhar

Swapnil Rajshekhar

Swapnil Rajshekhar Bhutkar (born 31 May 1976) is an Indian film actor and writer, most known for his roles in television series such as Raja Shiv Chhatrapati (as Netaji Palkar), Kulaswamini (as Yashodhan Inamdar) both on television channel Star Pravah, Khel Mandala (as Wakade Sarkar) on the television channel Mi Marathi, Veer Shivaji (as Kanhoji Jedhe) on Colors, in Swapnanchya Palikadley (as Koushal Nimkar) on Star Pravah, Ajunhi Chand Raat Aahe (as Suryakant Sarnoubat) on Zee Marathi, Char Divas Sasuche (as Rajan Phadke) on ETV Marathi, participated in the reality show Zhunj Marathmoli on ETV Marathi, Jai Malhar (as Indra Dev) on Zee Marathi also in Swarajyarakshak sambhaji as Ganoji shirke on Zee Marathi and Asava Sundar Swapnancha Bangla (as Rajshekhar Purohit) on Colors Marathi. He has been a popular anchor, host of various musical shows, and as a singer has performed in a great number of musical shows with various groups. He was the winner of Zee Antakshari – Goa award in 1997. He is from Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India. Early life Swapnil was born in Kolhapur, Maharashtra. His father Rajshekhar (Janardan Bhutkar) was a great actor and one of the finest thespians of the Marathi film industry. Janardan had nurtured the dream of acting in cinemas and in its pursuit came to Kolhapur, during his struggling years he stayed at his sister’s place and would regularly visit Jayaprabha Studio. His life took turn when he happened to meet "Bhalji Pendharkar". Bhalji saw the talent in Janardan Bhutkar and offered him small role in Akashaganga. Bhalaji changed his name from Janardan to Rajshekhar. It is with this last name that Swapnil debuted in films, and, for all public purposes, he used Rajshekhar as his last name. His mother Vaishali Rajshekhar also had a keen interest in acting and has done several Marathi Films and Theatre. Swapnil attended the "Private High School" in Kolhapur, and later went on to study in "New College Kolhapur" to complete his Sociology Degree. He then joined the theatre. Career Making his debut as a child artist at the age of seven with Govind Kulkarni’s Tamasgeer, he followed up with Fukat Chambu Baburao. Following this he joined theatre at the age of twenty. He’s acted in various play’s like Vatrat Karti, Prema Tuzha Rang Kasa?, Niyam ani Apavaad – which was a Marathi remake of Sir Bertolt Brecht's The Exception and the Rule and Sheetyudh Sadanand. Along with acting in these plays to directing a few which includes Ratrani, Kshan, Girhaik, Chaukashi, Rikshawala, Trailer... to name a few. He has also directed a few industrial and social documentaries as well as advertisements including AIDS awareness. Swapnil started his television career with Doordarshan in 1995 and acted in TV series such as Kondmara, Shejar, Bhoomiputra, Reshimgathi for Zee Marathi channel. He has also modeled for Bajaj Tempo Traveller, Elf Engine Oil and Birla Plus Cement TVC's. In the year 1997 he acted in his first feature film Pratidaav, a film about how two political families in a village continuously fight for the same position. Swapnil played a negative character in the film. This was followed by a role in a romantic musical comedy called Sang Priye Tu Konachi? in the year 1999. Since then he has done over fifty films including Hirva Kunku, Apharan, Bhavachi Laxmi, Achanak, Lek Ladki. In 2010-2011, he acted in Bhandara, Chandrakala, Natha Purey Aata, Durga Mhantyat Mala, Rajmata Jijau, Balgandharva, Saat Bara Kasa Badalala, Teen Bayka Fajiti Aika. He is also featured in High Command directed by Yashwant Bhalkar about the Maharashtra-Karnataka border dispute. Then in the year 2012 and since came Janmadata, Rama Shiva Govinda, Haa Khel Jivashi, Shikshanacha Jai Ho, Premshakti, Aabhas, Angaraki He has also been a part of Punha Gondhal Punha Mujra directed by Balkrishna Shinde; this film is a sequel of the 2009 release Marathi film Gallit Gondhal Dillit Mujra. The film marked the debut of Bollywood Actors Alok Nath and Ashish Vidyarthi. He was seen in lead role in Gorakh Jogdande's Nazar, which released in the year 2015. He was also a part of the musical extravaganza Katyar Kaljat Ghusali, as the Maharaja of Vishrampur, King Vishnuraj which was the directorial debut of Subodh Bhave His first release in the year 2016, was Police Line... Ek Purna Satya, directed by Raju Parsekar He then did Manus Ek Mati, Directed by Suresh Zhade, which released in March 2017. He is currently doing a theatrical play called Vidamban Ekach Pyala written by Acharya Acharya Atre. Vidamban (Parody) as the name suggests is based originally on Ram Ram Ganesh Gadkari's play Sangeet Ekach Pyala. The play is directed by Satish Pulekar. Swapnil plays a character called Ramlal in the play. His next film is set to release in November 2017, titled Maza Algaar , where he plays the role of a Mahant (Saint). Writer and Director Swapnil Rajshekhar, has directed a social documentary film titled Ekla Chalo Re, which was released online on YouTube in December, 2015. He later wrote another short film titled Baluta, which was directed by Ajay Kurane, which released in June 2016, for which he has received an award for the Best Screenplay at the first Haryana International Film Festival in the same year. Baluta, has also received various other awards at different National and International Film Festivals all over India in different categories. He then went on to write and direct another short film later in the year 2016, the film is titled Saavat, for which he has received numerous awards including Best Screenplay, Jury at the 5th Mumbai Shorts International Film Festival and Best Director at the 4th Sangli International Film Festival. Saavat has received a total of thirty three awards till now at various national and international film festivals all over India, which includes awards for Best Film, Best Writing, Best Direction, Best Cinematography, Best Editing, Best Actor, Best Actress and so on. Awards and nominations 2010: Nominated in Marathi TV Biggies Awards for "Best Actor in a Negative Role" for Khel Mandla (TV Series) [Mi Marathi] 2012: Won "Gumphan Award for Excellence in the Field of Entertainment" 2015: Documentary Film, Ekla Chalo Re was nominated in the "4th My Mumbai Short Film Festival". 2016: Won an Award for Best Screenplay, for the Short Film titled Baluta at the first Haryana International Film Festival 2016. 2016: Won an Award for Best Screenplay, Jury at the 5th Mumbai Shorts International Film festival for a Short Film titled Saavat 2017: Won an Award as the Best Director at the 4th Sangli International Film Festival for the Short Film Saavat 2017: Won an Award as the Best Director at the 2nd Karad National Short Film Festival for the Short Film Saavat 2017: Won an Award as the Best Director at the 7th Gujarat International Short Film Festival for the Short Film Saavat 2017: Nominated in Zebra International Film Festival, for Best Story, for the Short Film Baluta References External links Facebook MarathiCelebs Indian male film actors 1976 births Living people

<mask> (born 31 May 1976) is an Indian film actor and writer, most known for his roles in television series such as Raja Shiv Chhatrapati (as Netaji Palkar), Kulaswamini (as Yashodhan Inamdar) both on television channel Star Pravah, Khel Mandala (as Wakade Sarkar) on the television channel Mi Marathi, Veer Shivaji (as Kanhoji Jedhe) on Colors, in Swapnanchya Palikadley (as Koushal Nimkar) on Star Pravah, Ajunhi Chand Raat Aahe (as Suryakant Sarnoubat) on Zee Marathi, Char Divas Sasuche (as Rajan Phadke) on ETV Marathi, participated in the reality show Zhunj Marathmoli on ETV Marathi, Jai Malhar (as Indra Dev) on Zee Marathi also in Swarajyarakshak sambhaji as Ganoji shirke on Zee Marathi and Asava Sundar Swapnancha Bangla (as <mask>urohit) on Colors Marathi. He has been a popular anchor, host of various musical shows, and as a singer has performed in a great number of musical shows with various groups. He was the winner of Zee Antakshari – Goa award in 1997. He is from Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India. Early life <mask> was born in Kolhapur, Maharashtra. His father <mask> (Janardan Bhutkar) was a great actor and one of the finest thespians of the Marathi film industry. Janardan had nurtured the dream of acting in cinemas and in its pursuit came to Kolhapur, during his struggling years he stayed at his sister’s place and would regularly visit Jayaprabha Studio.His life took turn when he happened to meet "Bhalji Pendharkar". Bhalji saw the talent in Janardan Bhutkar and offered him small role in Akashaganga. Bhalaji changed his name from Janardan to <mask>. It is with this last name that <mask> debuted in films, and, for all public purposes, he used <mask> as his last name. His mother Vaishali <mask> also had a keen interest in acting and has done several Marathi Films and Theatre. <mask> attended the "Private High School" in Kolhapur, and later went on to study in "New College Kolhapur" to complete his Sociology Degree. He then joined the theatre.Career Making his debut as a child artist at the age of seven with Govind Kulkarni’s Tamasgeer, he followed up with Fukat Chambu Baburao. Following this he joined theatre at the age of twenty. He’s acted in various play’s like Vatrat Karti, Prema Tuzha Rang Kasa?, Niyam ani Apavaad – which was a Marathi remake of Sir Bertolt Brecht's The Exception and the Rule and Sheetyudh Sadanand. Along with acting in these plays to directing a few which includes Ratrani, Kshan, Girhaik, Chaukashi, Rikshawala, Trailer... to name a few. He has also directed a few industrial and social documentaries as well as advertisements including AIDS awareness. <mask> started his television career with Doordarshan in 1995 and acted in TV series such as Kondmara, Shejar, Bhoomiputra, Reshimgathi for Zee Marathi channel. He has also modeled for Bajaj Tempo Traveller, Elf Engine Oil and Birla Plus Cement TVC's.In the year 1997 he acted in his first feature film Pratidaav, a film about how two political families in a village continuously fight for the same position. <mask> played a negative character in the film. This was followed by a role in a romantic musical comedy called Sang Priye Tu Konachi? in the year 1999. Since then he has done over fifty films including Hirva Kunku, Apharan, Bhavachi Laxmi, Achanak, Lek Ladki. In 2010-2011, he acted in Bhandara, Chandrakala, Natha Purey Aata, Durga Mhantyat Mala, Rajmata Jijau, Balgandharva, Saat Bara Kasa Badalala, Teen Bayka Fajiti Aika. He is also featured in High Command directed by Yashwant Bhalkar about the Maharashtra-Karnataka border dispute.Then in the year 2012 and since came Janmadata, Rama Shiva Govinda, Haa Khel Jivashi, Shikshanacha Jai Ho, Premshakti, Aabhas, Angaraki He has also been a part of Punha Gondhal Punha Mujra directed by Balkrishna Shinde; this film is a sequel of the 2009 release Marathi film Gallit Gondhal Dillit Mujra. The film marked the debut of Bollywood Actors Alok Nath and Ashish Vidyarthi. He was seen in lead role in Gorakh Jogdande's Nazar, which released in the year 2015. He was also a part of the musical extravaganza Katyar Kaljat Ghusali, as the Maharaja of Vishrampur, King Vishnuraj which was the directorial debut of Subodh Bhave His first release in the year 2016, was Police Line... Ek Purna Satya, directed by Raju Parsekar He then did Manus Ek Mati, Directed by Suresh Zhade, which released in March 2017. He is currently doing a theatrical play called Vidamban Ekach Pyala written by Acharya Acharya Atre. Vidamban (Parody) as the name suggests is based originally on Ram Ram Ganesh Gadkari's play Sangeet Ekach Pyala. The play is directed by Satish Pulekar.<mask> plays a character called Ramlal in the play. His next film is set to release in November 2017, titled Maza Algaar , where he plays the role of a Mahant (Saint). Writer and Director <mask> <mask>, has directed a social documentary film titled Ekla Chalo Re, which was released online on YouTube in December, 2015. He later wrote another short film titled Baluta, which was directed by Ajay Kurane, which released in June 2016, for which he has received an award for the Best Screenplay at the first Haryana International Film Festival in the same year. Baluta, has also received various other awards at different National and International Film Festivals all over India in different categories. He then went on to write and direct another short film later in the year 2016, the film is titled Saavat, for which he has received numerous awards including Best Screenplay, Jury at the 5th Mumbai Shorts International Film Festival and Best Director at the 4th Sangli International Film Festival. Saavat has received a total of thirty three awards till now at various national and international film festivals all over India, which includes awards for Best Film, Best Writing, Best Direction, Best Cinematography, Best Editing, Best Actor, Best Actress and so on.Awards and nominations 2010: Nominated in Marathi TV Biggies Awards for "Best Actor in a Negative Role" for Khel Mandla (TV Series) [Mi Marathi] 2012: Won "Gumphan Award for Excellence in the Field of Entertainment" 2015: Documentary Film, Ekla Chalo Re was nominated in the "4th My Mumbai Short Film Festival". 2016: Won an Award for Best Screenplay, for the Short Film titled Baluta at the first Haryana International Film Festival 2016. 2016: Won an Award for Best Screenplay, Jury at the 5th Mumbai Shorts International Film festival for a Short Film titled Saavat 2017: Won an Award as the Best Director at the 4th Sangli International Film Festival for the Short Film Saavat 2017: Won an Award as the Best Director at the 2nd Karad National Short Film Festival for the Short Film Saavat 2017: Won an Award as the Best Director at the 7th Gujarat International Short Film Festival for the Short Film Saavat 2017: Nominated in Zebra International Film Festival, for Best Story, for the Short Film Baluta References External links Facebook MarathiCelebs Indian male film actors 1976 births Living people

The Indian film actor and writer, who was born on May 31, 1976, is known for his roles in television series such as Raja Shiv Chhatrapati and Kulaswamini. He has hosted various musical shows and performed in many musical shows with various groups. He was the winner of the award in 1997. He is from India. <mask> was born in Maharashtra. <mask> was a great actor and one of the finest thespians of the Marathi film industry. Janardan had nurtured the dream of acting in cinemas and in its pursuit came to Kolhapur, during his struggling years he stayed at his sister's place and would regularly visit the studio.His life changed when he met "Bhalji Pendharkar". Bhalji saw the talent in Janardan and offered him a small role. Bhalaji changed his name to <mask>. For all public purposes, he used <mask> as his last name. His mother has acted in several films and plays. After attending the "Private High School" in Kolhapur, he went on to study in the "New College Kolhapur" to complete his Sociology Degree. He went to the theatre.After making his debut as a child artist at the age of seven, he followed up with two more. He joined theatre at the age of twenty. He has acted in plays like Vatrat Karti and Niyam ani Apavaad, which were remakes of Sir Bertolt Brecht's The Exception and the Rule and Sheetyudh Sadanand. Along with acting in these plays, you can also direct a few. He has directed a number of advertisements including AIDS awareness. During his time with Doordarshan, he acted in TV series such as Kondmara and Shejar. He has modeled for a number of companies.In 1997 he acted in his first film, a film about two political families in a village fighting for the same position. There was a negative character in the film. There was a role in a musical comedy called Sang Priye Tu Konachi. In the year 1999. He has done over fifty films since then. He acted in several films in 2010-2011. He is featured in a film about the border dispute between Maharashtra and Karnataka.He has also been a part of Punha Gondhal Punha Mujra. The film marked the debut of Bollywood actors. He played the lead role in Nazar, which was released in the year 2015. His first film in the year 2016 was Police Line... Ek Purna Satya, which was directed by Raju. The play he is doing is called Vidamban Ekach Pyala. The play Ekach Pyala was based on the name of the play. Satish Pulekar directed the play.There is a character called Ramlal in the play. He plays the role of a saint in his next film, which will be released in November. In December 2015, a social documentary film titled Ekla Chalo Re was released online. He received an award for the Best Screenplay at the first Haryana International Film Festival in the same year as he wrote and directed Baluta, a short film. Baluta has received many awards at various National and International Film Festivals in India. He went on to write and direct another short film called Saavat, which he received many awards for, including Best Director at the 4th Sangli International Film Festival and Best Screenplay at the 5th Mumbai Shorts International Film Festival. Saavat has received awards for Best Film, Best Writing, Best Direction, Best Cinematography, Best Editing, Best Actor, and so on at various national and international film festivals in India.In 2010, Khel Mandla was nominated for "best actor in a negative role" and in 2012 for "Gumphan Award for excellence in the field of entertainment". Baluta won an Award for Best Screenplay at the first Haryana International Film Festival. The jury at the 5th Mumbai Shorts International Film festival gave an Award for Best Screenplay for Saavat.

2674927

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20FitzStephen

Robert FitzStephen

Robert FitzStephen (died 1183) was a Cambro-Norman soldier, one of the leaders of the Norman invasion of Ireland, for which he was granted extensive lands in Ireland. He was a son of the famous Nest, daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwr, the last king of Deheubarth (South Wales). His father was Nest's second husband, Stephen, Constable of Cardigan (). Following the death of her first husband, Gerald de Windsor, her sons had married her to Stephen, her husband's constable for Cardigan. By Stephen, she had another son, possibly two; the eldest was Robert, and the younger may have been Hywel. Career In Wales Robert succeeded his father in his office (Custos Campe Abertivi). He first appears in history in 1157, when King Henry II of England invaded Gwynedd. While the main royal army faced the forces of Owain Gwynedd east of the River Conwy, a force including Robert and his half-brother Henry Fitzroy (the illegitimate son of Nest and King Henry I) attacked Anglesey by sea. However, this force was defeated in a battle in which Robert was seriously wounded and Henry killed. Robert was captured in November 1165 by Rhys ap Gruffydd (The Lord Rhys) who was the nephew of his mother Nest. The King of Leinster appealed to Rhys (in 1167) to release Robert for an expedition to Ireland. Rhys did not oblige at the time, but in response to a further appeal in 1168 released Robert from captivity. In Ireland In 1167, the King of Leinster, Diarmait Mac Murchada, was deprived of his kingdom by the High King of Ireland. To recover his kingdom, the exiled king fled to Wales and from there to England and Aquitaine in France, in order to gain the consent of King Henry II of England to recruit soldiers. On returning to Wales, Fitz-Stephen helped him to organise a mercenary army of Norman and Welsh soldiers, including Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, alias Strongbow. On 1 May 1169, Robert led the vanguard of Diarmait Mac Murchada's Cambro-Norman auxiliaries to Ireland, thereby precipitating the Norman invasion of Ireland. The main invasion party landed near Bannow strand, County Wexford with a force of 30 knights, 60 men-at-arms and 300 archers. The next day, Maurice de Prendergast landed at the same bay with ten knights and 60 archers. This force merged with about 500 soldiers commanded by Diarmait . In return for capturing Wexford, MacMurrough granted Fitz-Stephen a share in two cantreds, Bargy and Forth which comprised all the land between Bannow and the town of Wexford. The cantreds were to be held jointly with Maurice FitzGerald, Lord of Lanstephan, his half-brother. The Siege of Wexford lasted only two days. The first attack was repulsed at the loss of 18 Normans and 3 defenders. These are believed to have been the only deaths during the siege. Fitz-Stephen then ordered his men to burn all the ships in the town's harbour. The next morning, the attack on Wexford began again. Shortly after, the defenders sent envoys to Diarmait. The defenders agreed to surrender and renew their allegiance to Diarmait. It is claimed that they were persuaded to surrender by two bishops who were in the town at the time. He was accompanied at the siege by Robert de Barry, the eldest son of his half-sister Angharad de Windsor. Nest then, was the mother of Robert, Maurice and Angharad The Irish launched a counteroffensive in the summer of 1171. Dublin was besieged by a large army under the command of the King of Ireland, Ruadhrí Ua Conchobhair. Fitzstephen sent his best troops to assist the besieged garrison in Dublin, however this left Wexford vulnerable to attack. Lacking the strength to defend the town, Fitzstephen withdrew to Carrick. After taking Wexford he was pursued by the Irish to Carrick where he was besieged. Eventually he was forced to surrender. However, after the Norman garrison in Dublin managed to break the siege, the Irish took Fitzstephen and his men prisoner and retreated, burning Wexford as they withdrew. Taken prisoner by the MacCarthy Reagh in 1171, he was by then surrendered to Henry II of England, who appointed him lieutenant of the Justiciar of Ireland, Hugh de Lacy. Robert rendered good service in the troubles of 1173 and was rewarded in 1177 by receiving from the king of England, jointly with Miles de Cogan, a grant of the kingdom of Cork, "from Lismore to the sea". with the exception of the city of Cork. Cogan was the son of Robert's half-sister Gwladys. The native princes of that province disputed the king's right to dispose of the territory on the grounds that they had not resisted king Henry, or committed any act that would have justified the forfeiture of their lands. In consequence, Fitz-Stephen had difficulty in maintaining his position and was nearly overwhelmed by a rising in the Kingdom of Desmond in 1182. Having no living male heirs, Fitz-Stephen eventually ceded these territories to Philip de Barry, his half-nephew around 1180:"Robert FitzStephen to all his lords, friends, and dependents, French, English, Welsh, and Irish, greeting. Be it known to you that I have given and granted to my nephew, Philip de Barri, three cantreds in my land of Cork, namely, Olethan, with all its appurtenances, and two other cantreds in the kingdom of Cork, just as they shall come by lot to him, for ten knights' service, to himself and his heirs, to be held of me and my heirs, for the service aforesaid, in land, in sea, in waters, in ways, etc., to be held as freely of me as I hold of our lord the King, save to me the service of the aforesaid ten knights. The second son of his half-sister Angharad de Windsor, Philip de Barry came to Ireland in 1183 or 1185 to assist his half-uncle. Together with another relative, Raymond FitzGerald (also known as Raymond Le Gros), they recovered their lands in the modern county of Cork, specifically the baronies of Killede, Olethan and Muscarydonegan. A compromise agreement was reached that allowed the barons to hold seven cantreds near Cork with the remaining twenty-four being retained by the native princes. The date of his death is uncertain. See also List of baronies of Ireland References John Edward Lloyd (1911) A history of Wales from the earliest times to the Edwardian conquest (Longmans, Green & Co.) Norman Invasion of Ireland, from An Illustrated History of Ireland (second edition, 1868) by Margaret Anne Cusack The Cambro-Norman Invasion of Ireland, Ireland's History in Maps The Anglo-French (Norman) Invasion, The Ireland Story External links The Cambro-Norman Reaction: The Invasion of Ireland The Norman Conquest of Ireland (12th Century) Battle of Callann Welsh soldiers Anglo-Normans in Wales Norman warriors Norman participants of the invasion of Ireland Year of birth uncertain 1183 deaths

<mask> (died 1183) was a Cambro-Norman soldier, one of the leaders of the Norman invasion of Ireland, for which he was granted extensive lands in Ireland. He was a son of the famous Nest, daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwr, the last king of Deheubarth (South Wales). His father was Nest's second husband, Stephen, Constable of Cardigan (). Following the death of her first husband, Gerald de Windsor, her sons had married her to Stephen, her husband's constable for Cardigan. By Stephen, she had another son, possibly two; the eldest was <mask>, and the younger may have been Hywel. Career In Wales <mask> succeeded his father in his office (Custos Campe Abertivi). He first appears in history in 1157, when King Henry II of England invaded Gwynedd.While the main royal army faced the forces of Owain Gwynedd east of the River Conwy, a force including <mask> and his half-brother Henry Fitzroy (the illegitimate son of Nest and King Henry I) attacked Anglesey by sea. However, this force was defeated in a battle in which <mask> was seriously wounded and Henry killed. <mask> was captured in November 1165 by Rhys ap Gruffydd (The Lord Rhys) who was the nephew of his mother Nest. The King of Leinster appealed to Rhys (in 1167) to release <mask> for an expedition to Ireland. Rhys did not oblige at the time, but in response to a further appeal in 1168 released <mask> from captivity. In Ireland In 1167, the King of Leinster, Diarmait Mac Murchada, was deprived of his kingdom by the High King of Ireland. To recover his kingdom, the exiled king fled to Wales and from there to England and Aquitaine in France, in order to gain the consent of King Henry II of England to recruit soldiers.On returning to Wales, Fitz-Stephen helped him to organise a mercenary army of Norman and Welsh soldiers, including Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, alias Strongbow. On 1 May 1169, <mask> led the vanguard of Diarmait Mac Murchada's Cambro-Norman auxiliaries to Ireland, thereby precipitating the Norman invasion of Ireland. The main invasion party landed near Bannow strand, County Wexford with a force of 30 knights, 60 men-at-arms and 300 archers. The next day, Maurice de Prendergast landed at the same bay with ten knights and 60 archers. This force merged with about 500 soldiers commanded by Diarmait . In return for capturing Wexford, MacMurrough granted Fitz-Stephen a share in two cantreds, Bargy and Forth which comprised all the land between Bannow and the town of Wexford. The cantreds were to be held jointly with Maurice FitzGerald, Lord of Lanstephan, his half-brother.The Siege of Wexford lasted only two days. The first attack was repulsed at the loss of 18 Normans and 3 defenders. These are believed to have been the only deaths during the siege. Fitz-Stephen then ordered his men to burn all the ships in the town's harbour. The next morning, the attack on Wexford began again. Shortly after, the defenders sent envoys to Diarmait. The defenders agreed to surrender and renew their allegiance to Diarmait.It is claimed that they were persuaded to surrender by two bishops who were in the town at the time. He was accompanied at the siege by <mask> Barry, the eldest son of his half-sister Angharad de Windsor. Nest then, was the mother of <mask>, Maurice and Angharad The Irish launched a counteroffensive in the summer of 1171. Dublin was besieged by a large army under the command of the King of Ireland, Ruadhrí Ua Conchobhair. Fitzstephen sent his best troops to assist the besieged garrison in Dublin, however this left Wexford vulnerable to attack. Lacking the strength to defend the town, Fitzstephen withdrew to Carrick. After taking Wexford he was pursued by the Irish to Carrick where he was besieged.Eventually he was forced to surrender. However, after the Norman garrison in Dublin managed to break the siege, the Irish took Fitzstephen and his men prisoner and retreated, burning Wexford as they withdrew. Taken prisoner by the MacCarthy Reagh in 1171, he was by then surrendered to Henry II of England, who appointed him lieutenant of the Justiciar of Ireland, Hugh de Lacy. <mask> rendered good service in the troubles of 1173 and was rewarded in 1177 by receiving from the king of England, jointly with Miles de Cogan, a grant of the kingdom of Cork, "from Lismore to the sea". with the exception of the city of Cork. Cogan was the son of <mask>'s half-sister Gwladys. The native princes of that province disputed the king's right to dispose of the territory on the grounds that they had not resisted king Henry, or committed any act that would have justified the forfeiture of their lands.In consequence, Fitz-Stephen had difficulty in maintaining his position and was nearly overwhelmed by a rising in the Kingdom of Desmond in 1182. Having no living male heirs, Fitz-Stephen eventually ceded these territories to Philip de Barry, his half-nephew around 1180:"<mask>tephen to all his lords, friends, and dependents, French, English, Welsh, and Irish, greeting. Be it known to you that I have given and granted to my nephew, Philip de Barri, three cantreds in my land of Cork, namely, Olethan, with all its appurtenances, and two other cantreds in the kingdom of Cork, just as they shall come by lot to him, for ten knights' service, to himself and his heirs, to be held of me and my heirs, for the service aforesaid, in land, in sea, in waters, in ways, etc., to be held as freely of me as I hold of our lord the King, save to me the service of the aforesaid ten knights. The second son of his half-sister Angharad de Windsor, Philip de Barry came to Ireland in 1183 or 1185 to assist his half-uncle. Together with another relative, Raymond FitzGerald (also known as Raymond Le Gros), they recovered their lands in the modern county of Cork, specifically the baronies of Killede, Olethan and Muscarydonegan. A compromise agreement was reached that allowed the barons to hold seven cantreds near Cork with the remaining twenty-four being retained by the native princes. The date of his death is uncertain.See also List of baronies of Ireland References John Edward Lloyd (1911) A history of Wales from the earliest times to the Edwardian conquest (Longmans, Green & Co.) Norman Invasion of Ireland, from An Illustrated History of Ireland (second edition, 1868) by Margaret Anne Cusack The Cambro-Norman Invasion of Ireland, Ireland's History in Maps The Anglo-French (Norman) Invasion, The Ireland Story External links The Cambro-Norman Reaction: The Invasion of Ireland The Norman Conquest of Ireland (12th Century) Battle of Callann Welsh soldiers Anglo-Normans in Wales Norman warriors Norman participants of the invasion of Ireland Year of birth uncertain 1183 deaths

One of the leaders of the Norman invasion of Ireland was <mask>, who was granted extensive lands in Ireland. His mother was the daughter of the last king of Deheubarth. Stephen was Nest's second husband. Stephen, her husband's constable for Cardigan, married her after the death of her first husband, Gerald de Windsor. She had at least one son, possibly two, and the younger may have been <mask>. <mask> succeeded his father in the office. King Henry II of England invaded Gwynedd in 1157.While the main royal army faced the forces of Owain Gwynedd east of the River Conwy, a force including <mask> and his half-brother Henry Fitzroy attacked Anglesey by sea. <mask> and Henry were killed in a battle in which the force was defeated. <mask> was captured in November of 1165 by the nephew of his mother. <mask> was released for an expedition to Ireland by the King of Leinster. In response to a further appeal, <mask> was released from captivity. The High King of Ireland deprived the King of Leinster of his kingdom in 1167. To recover his kingdom, the exiled king fled to Wales and from there to England and Aquitaine in France, in order to gain the consent of King Henry II of England to recruit soldiers.Fitz-Stephen helped him to organize a mercenary army of Norman and Welsh soldiers. <mask> led the Norman invasion of Ireland on 1 May 1169. The main invasion party consisted of 30 knights, 60 men-at-arms and 300 archers. Maurice de Prendergast landed at the same bay with 60 archers. The force was merged with 500 soldiers. MacMurrough gave Fitz-Stephen a share in two cantreds, Bargy and Forth, which comprised all of the land between Bannow and the town of Wexford. Maurice FitzGerald, Lord of Lanstephan's half-brother, was to hold the cantreds.It took two days for the Siege of Wexford to end. 18 Normans and 3 defenders were lost in the first attack. The deaths are believed to be the only deaths during the siege. Fitz-Stephen ordered his men to burn the ships in the harbour. The attack on Wexford began again the next morning. The defenders sent envoys to Diarmait. The defenders renewed their loyalty to Diarmait.Two bishops were in the town at the time and persuaded them to surrender. <mask> Barry is the son of Angharad de Windsor. The Irish launched a counteroffensive in the summer of 1141. The King of Ireland, Ruadhr Ua Conchobhair, commanded an army that besieged Dublin. The garrison in Dublin was besieged and Fitzstephen sent his best troops to help. Fitzstephen withdrew from the town because he couldn't defend it. He was besieged by the Irish after taking Wexford.He was forced to give up. After the Norman garrison in Dublin broke the siege, the Irish took Fitzstephen and his men prisoner and retreated as they withdrew. He was surrendered to Henry II of England after being taken prisoner by the MacCarthy Reagh. <mask> received a grant from the king of England and Miles de Cogan, a grant of the kingdom of Cork, "from Lismore to the sea". The exception is the city of Cork. <mask>'s half-sister Gwladys had a son named Cogan. The native princes of that province disagreed with the king's right to dispose of the territory on the grounds that they had not resisted Henry, or committed any act that would have justified the forfeiture of their lands.Fitz-Stephen was nearly overwhelmed by a rise in the Kingdom of Desmond in 1182. Philip de Barry, Fitz-Stephen's half-nephew, ceded these territories to all his lords, friends, and dependents around 1180: "<mask>tephen to all his lords, friends, and dependents, French, English, Welsh, and Irish, greeting." I have given and granted to my nephew, Philip de Barri, three cantreds in my land of Cork, as well as two other cantreds in the kingdom of Cork. Philip de Barry came to Ireland in 1183 or 1185 to help his half-uncle. The baronies of Killede, Olethan and Muscarydonegan were recovered by them together with another relative, Raymond FitzGerald. A compromise was reached that allowed the barons to hold seven cantreds, with the remaining twenty-four being retained by the native princes. His death is not certain.A history of Wales from the earliest times to the Edwardian conquest was written by John Edward Lloyd.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irma%20Adlawan

Irma Adlawan

Irma Santonil Adlawan (born March 7, 1962) is a Filipino stage, film, and television actress. She is known primarily for her work in independent films and for her roles in several primetime soap operas such as Maging Sino Ka Man, Amaya, Forevermore, and Destiny Rose. Biography Early life Adlawan was born in Tondo, Manila, the daughter of Conrada Santonil, a housewife, and Pedro Adlawan, a retired colonel. She attended St. Mary Magdalene School in Cavite and became a student of Speech and Drama at the University of the Philippines–Diliman, having transferred from its Manila campus. Career Her first stage role was Helena from Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream, which she performed for Dulaang UP in 1983 under the direction of its founder, Tony Mabesa. He had asked her to audition, and she was subsequently cast. From then on she had become a regular of Dulaang UP, starring in productions such as Chekhov's Three Sisters, Betti's The Queen and the Rebels, Fay and Michael Kanin's Rashomon, and Molière's The Misanthrope, as well as a multitude of other plays. After UP, Adlawan became a member of Tanghalang Pilipino's Actors Company from 1991 to 1998, performing in numerous stage plays. Some of her most notable roles include a Chinese film producer, based on Regal Films matriarch Mother Lily Monteverde in Dennis Marasigan's Ang Buhay Ay Pelikula; Zafira in Francisco Balagtas' Orosman at Zafira; Sisa in the Cayabyab-Lumbera musical adaptation of José Rizal's Noli Me Tangere; and Teodora Alonso in Nonon Padilla and Rene O. Villanueva's Teodora. For Buhay Ay Pelikula she was cited as Best Actress of the Year by the Young Critics Circle in 1992, while for Teodora her performance as the mother of Philippine hero José Rizal was praised by National Artist for Dance Leonor Orosa-Goquingco for "[accomplishing] her histrionic feat, her splendid tour de force [with such ease, passion, range, verisimilitude and transparency]." Some of Adlawan's early mainstream film roles include a victim of incestuous rape in Jeffrey Jeturian's Tuhog in 2001 and a public school teacher in Mga Munting Tinig in 2002, both of which earned her a Best Supporting Actress nomination at the Gawad Urian Awards. Three years later, in 2005, during the advent of digital cinema, she starred in three independent films: ICU Bed #7, where she played Eddie Garcia's daughter; Sa North Diversion Road, which had been adapted for film and had her reprising her role from mid-90s theatre alongside John Arcilla, where they played 10 different couples dealing with infidelity; and Mga Pusang Gala, based on the Palanca award-winning screenplay by Rody Vera and Jun Lana, where she played the role of Marta, a single middle-aged advertising practitioner. She received Best Actress nods for her performances in Sa North and Mga Pusang Gala. She continued to act in indies, playing lead and supporting roles from 2006 onwards. Her performance as Aling Carmen in Ataul: For Rent in 2007 earned her a FAMAS Best Supporting Actress award. Her early television credits include appearances in Cecile Guidote-Alvarez's Balintataw, Behn Cervantes' Angkan, and Mario O'Hara's Mama. Later on, she would appear frequently in primetime teleseryes such as Sa Dulo Ng Walang Hanggan, Kay Tagal Kang Hinintay, Mga Anghel na Walang Langit, and Encantadia. In 2006, she was cast in the recurring role of Imelda Magsaysay, the mother of Celine Magsaysay (played by Anne Curtis), in the highly successful ABS-CBN teleserye, Maging Sino Ka Man. Her other TV credits include Clara Rivero in Lobo, Margarita Fortalejo-Cervantes in Precious Hearts Romances Presents: Kristine in 2010, Mantal in Amaya in 2011, and numerous guest appearances in ABS-CBN and GMA Network's respective drama anthologies, Maalaala Mo Kaya and Magpakailanman. While regularly appearing in teleseryes and acting in independent films, Adlawan continued to perform on the stage, and in 2008 she was inducted into the Aliw Awards Hall of Fame for her three Best Stage Actress wins in 100 Hundred Songs of Mary Helen Fee, Speaking in Tongues, and Ang Pokpok ng Ohio. That same year, she starred in Tanghalang Pilipino's production of David Henry Hwang's The Golden Child and alternated with Missy Maramara as Desdemona in Tanghalang Ateneo's adaptation of Shakespeare's Othello. The following year, in 2009, she portrayed the role of Candida Marasigan—which she would continue to reprise four more times in the next five years—in Nick Joaquin's A Portrait of the Artist as Filipino in a staging by Repertory Philippines. That same year, Adlawan starred in Alvin Yapan's Cinemalaya film Ang Panggagahasa Kay Fe, for which she received another Best Actress nomination at the Gawad Urian Awards. She also reprised her role as Baby Magtalas, the mother of Laida Magtalas (played by Sarah Geronimo) in the sequel of A Very Special Love, You Changed My Life. In 2010, she starred in the Cinemalaya film Vox Populi, playing the role of Connie de Gracia, a politician's daughter running for office. In the following years, she returned to Dulaang UP by way of Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero's Forsaken House and again reprised her role as Baby Magtalas in It Takes a Man and a Woman. She also appeared in ABS-CBN's Got to Believe as Joaquin's nanny, Yaya Puring and Be Careful With My Heart as Vicky Reyes, Maya's adviser. Adlawan was also cast as Principal May, the corrupt principal of a public school in Titser, a miniseries produced for GMA News and Public Affairs. At the 9th Cinemalaya Film Festival, she received a Balanghai Trophy for Best Actress in the New Breed Category for her performance in Transit as Janet, an OFW working in Israel "struggling to keep her family together amid threats of cultural dislocation." She also received a Special Jury Citation for Ensemble Acting which she shares with Ping Medina, Jasmine Curtis-Smith, Mercedes Cabral, Marc Justine Alvarez, and Yatzuck Azuz. In 2014, she starred in Ronnie Lazaro's directorial debut Edna, a film that again tackles the stories of OFWs. She played the role of Edna dela Costa, a Filipino caregiver returning home to find a changed family. Adlawan was also part of The Janitor, an entry in the Directors Showcase category of Cinemalaya X. Later in the year, she joined the cast of Liza Soberano and Enrique Gil's launching teleserye Forevermore, as Mirasol, one of the farmers in their community and a maternal figure to Soberano's character, Agnes. In 2015, she continued to appear in ABS-CBN and GMA's drama anthologies, as well as their seasonal television specials and was cast in supporting roles in several films, including Sleepless, a QCinema Film Festival offering and Walang Forever, an entry to the 41st Metro Manila Film Festival. In October of the same year, she returned to the stage, with much critical acclaim, through Tanghalang Pilipino's Mga Buhay na Apoy, Kanakan-Balintagos' Palanca-award winning play. Adlawan was also cast in Destiny Rose as Bethilda Vitto, one of the show's antagonists. She also received a Best Supporting Actress nod for her performance as Mirasol in Forevermore at the 29th PMPC Star Awards for Television. The following year, Adlawan took home the Gawad BUHAY! award for Outstanding Lead Female Performance in a Play for her performance as Soledad Santos in Mga Buhay na Apoy. She continued to appear in various television shows and movies and made a return to the Virgin Lab Fest stage in Kanakan Balintagos' Loyalist. Later in the year, Adlawan eventually replaced Nora Aunor in the Metro Manila Film Festival entry, Oro, and ultimately went on to win a Best Actress award for it. Personal life Adlawan married actor/writer/director Dennis Marasigan, whom she met during their time at the UP and with whom she has four children. He has directed her in several of his films: Sa North Diversion Road, Tukso, and Vox Populi. They are separated. Filmography Films *: shared with Ping Medina, Jasmine Curtis-Smith, Mercedes Cabral, and Marc Justine Alvarez. Television Theatre Awards and nominations References External links 1962 births Living people Filipino television actresses Filipino film actresses People from Tondo, Manila Actresses from Manila People from Kawit, Cavite University of the Philippines Diliman alumni Filipino stage actresses Viva Artists Agency

<mask> (born March 7, 1962) is a Filipino stage, film, and television actress. She is known primarily for her work in independent films and for her roles in several primetime soap operas such as Maging Sino Ka Man, Amaya, Forevermore, and Destiny Rose. Biography Early life Adlawan was born in Tondo, Manila, the daughter of Conrada Santonil, a housewife, and <mask>, a retired colonel. She attended St. Mary Magdalene School in Cavite and became a student of Speech and Drama at the University of the Philippines–Diliman, having transferred from its Manila campus. Career Her first stage role was Helena from Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream, which she performed for Dulaang UP in 1983 under the direction of its founder, Tony Mabesa. He had asked her to audition, and she was subsequently cast. From then on she had become a regular of Dulaang UP, starring in productions such as Chekhov's Three Sisters, Betti's The Queen and the Rebels, Fay and Michael Kanin's Rashomon, and Molière's The Misanthrope, as well as a multitude of other plays.After UP, Adlawan became a member of Tanghalang Pilipino's Actors Company from 1991 to 1998, performing in numerous stage plays. Some of her most notable roles include a Chinese film producer, based on Regal Films matriarch Mother Lily Monteverde in Dennis Marasigan's Ang Buhay Ay Pelikula; Zafira in Francisco Balagtas' Orosman at Zafira; Sisa in the Cayabyab-Lumbera musical adaptation of José Rizal's Noli Me Tangere; and Teodora Alonso in Nonon Padilla and Rene O. Villanueva's Teodora. For Buhay Ay Pelikula she was cited as Best Actress of the Year by the Young Critics Circle in 1992, while for Teodora her performance as the mother of Philippine hero José Rizal was praised by National Artist for Dance Leonor Orosa-Goquingco for "[accomplishing] her histrionic feat, her splendid tour de force [with such ease, passion, range, verisimilitude and transparency]." Some of Adlawan's early mainstream film roles include a victim of incestuous rape in Jeffrey Jeturian's Tuhog in 2001 and a public school teacher in Mga Munting Tinig in 2002, both of which earned her a Best Supporting Actress nomination at the Gawad Urian Awards. Three years later, in 2005, during the advent of digital cinema, she starred in three independent films: ICU Bed #7, where she played Eddie Garcia's daughter; Sa North Diversion Road, which had been adapted for film and had her reprising her role from mid-90s theatre alongside John Arcilla, where they played 10 different couples dealing with infidelity; and Mga Pusang Gala, based on the Palanca award-winning screenplay by Rody Vera and Jun Lana, where she played the role of Marta, a single middle-aged advertising practitioner. She received Best Actress nods for her performances in Sa North and Mga Pusang Gala. She continued to act in indies, playing lead and supporting roles from 2006 onwards.Her performance as Aling Carmen in Ataul: For Rent in 2007 earned her a FAMAS Best Supporting Actress award. Her early television credits include appearances in Cecile Guidote-Alvarez's Balintataw, Behn Cervantes' Angkan, and Mario O'Hara's Mama. Later on, she would appear frequently in primetime teleseryes such as Sa Dulo Ng Walang Hanggan, Kay Tagal Kang Hinintay, Mga Anghel na Walang Langit, and Encantadia. In 2006, she was cast in the recurring role of Imelda Magsaysay, the mother of Celine Magsaysay (played by Anne Curtis), in the highly successful ABS-CBN teleserye, Maging Sino Ka Man. Her other TV credits include Clara Rivero in Lobo, Margarita Fortalejo-Cervantes in Precious Hearts Romances Presents: Kristine in 2010, Mantal in Amaya in 2011, and numerous guest appearances in ABS-CBN and GMA Network's respective drama anthologies, Maalaala Mo Kaya and Magpakailanman. While regularly appearing in teleseryes and acting in independent films, Adlawan continued to perform on the stage, and in 2008 she was inducted into the Aliw Awards Hall of Fame for her three Best Stage Actress wins in 100 Hundred Songs of Mary Helen Fee, Speaking in Tongues, and Ang Pokpok ng Ohio. That same year, she starred in Tanghalang Pilipino's production of David Henry Hwang's The Golden Child and alternated with Missy Maramara as Desdemona in Tanghalang Ateneo's adaptation of Shakespeare's Othello.The following year, in 2009, she portrayed the role of Candida Marasigan—which she would continue to reprise four more times in the next five years—in Nick Joaquin's A Portrait of the Artist as Filipino in a staging by Repertory Philippines. That same year, <mask> starred in Alvin Yapan's Cinemalaya film Ang Panggagahasa Kay Fe, for which she received another Best Actress nomination at the Gawad Urian Awards. She also reprised her role as Baby Magtalas, the mother of Laida Magtalas (played by Sarah Geronimo) in the sequel of A Very Special Love, You Changed My Life. In 2010, she starred in the Cinemalaya film Vox Populi, playing the role of Connie de Gracia, a politician's daughter running for office. In the following years, she returned to Dulaang UP by way of Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero's Forsaken House and again reprised her role as Baby Magtalas in It Takes a Man and a Woman. She also appeared in ABS-CBN's Got to Believe as Joaquin's nanny, Yaya Puring and Be Careful With My Heart as Vicky Reyes, Maya's adviser.<mask> was also cast as Principal May, the corrupt principal of a public school in Titser, a miniseries produced for GMA News and Public Affairs. At the 9th Cinemalaya Film Festival, she received a Balanghai Trophy for Best Actress in the New Breed Category for her performance in Transit as Janet, an OFW working in Israel "struggling to keep her family together amid threats of cultural dislocation." She also received a Special Jury Citation for Ensemble Acting which she shares with Ping Medina, Jasmine Curtis-Smith, Mercedes Cabral, Marc Justine Alvarez, and Yatzuck Azuz. In 2014, she starred in Ronnie Lazaro's directorial debut Edna, a film that again tackles the stories of OFWs. She played the role of Edna dela Costa, a Filipino caregiver returning home to find a changed family. Adlawan was also part of The Janitor, an entry in the Directors Showcase category of Cinemalaya X. Later in the year, she joined the cast of Liza Soberano and Enrique Gil's launching teleserye Forevermore, as Mirasol, one of the farmers in their community and a maternal figure to Soberano's character, Agnes.In 2015, she continued to appear in ABS-CBN and GMA's drama anthologies, as well as their seasonal television specials and was cast in supporting roles in several films, including Sleepless, a QCinema Film Festival offering and Walang Forever, an entry to the 41st Metro Manila Film Festival. In October of the same year, she returned to the stage, with much critical acclaim, through Tanghalang Pilipino's Mga Buhay na Apoy, Kanakan-Balintagos' Palanca-award winning play. Adlawan was also cast in Destiny Rose as Bethilda Vitto, one of the show's antagonists. She also received a Best Supporting Actress nod for her performance as Mirasol in Forevermore at the 29th PMPC Star Awards for Television. The following year, Adlawan took home the Gawad BUHAY! award for Outstanding Lead Female Performance in a Play for her performance as Soledad Santos in Mga Buhay na Apoy. She continued to appear in various television shows and movies and made a return to the Virgin Lab Fest stage in Kanakan Balintagos' Loyalist.Later in the year, Adlawan eventually replaced Nora Aunor in the Metro Manila Film Festival entry, Oro, and ultimately went on to win a Best Actress award for it. Personal life Adlawan married actor/writer/director Dennis Marasigan, whom she met during their time at the UP and with whom she has four children. He has directed her in several of his films: Sa North Diversion Road, Tukso, and Vox Populi. They are separated. Filmography Films *: shared with Ping Medina, Jasmine Curtis-Smith, Mercedes Cabral, and Marc Justine Alvarez. Television Theatre Awards and nominations References External links 1962 births Living people Filipino television actresses Filipino film actresses People from Tondo, Manila Actresses from Manila People from Kawit, Cavite University of the Philippines Diliman alumni Filipino stage actresses Viva Artists Agency

<mask> is a Filipino stage, film, and television actress. She is known for her work in independent films and for her roles in popular soap operas such as Maging Sino Ka Man. Adlawan was the daughter of Conrada Santonil, a housewife, and <mask>, a retired colonel. She transferred from the Manila campus of the University of the Philippines–Diliman to become a student of Speech and Drama. Her first stage role was in Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream, which she performed for Dulaang UP in 1983. She was cast after he asked her to try out. She starred in productions such as Chekhov's Three Sisters, Betti's The Queen and the Rebels, and Molire's The Misanthrope at Dulaang UP.Adlawan was a member of the Tanghalang Pilipino's Actors Company from 1991 to 1998. Her roles include a Chinese film producer, Zafira in Orosman at Zafira, and Sisa in the Cayabyab. The Young Critics Circle named her Best Actress of the Year in 1992, while the National Artist for Dance praised her performance as the mother of a hero. Adlawan played a victim of incestuous rape in Jeffrey Jeturian's Tuhog in 2001 and a public school teacher in Mga Munting Tinig in 2002, both of which earned her a Best Supporting Actress nomination at the Gawad. In 2005, three years after the advent of digital cinema, she starred in three independent films, one of which was adapted for film and had her reprise her role from the 90s. She was nominated for Best Actress for her roles in Sa North and Mga Pusang Gala. She played lead and supporting roles in films from 2006 onwards.Her performance as Aling Carmen in Ataul: For Rent earned her an award. She has appeared in several television shows, including Behn Cervantes' Angkan and Mario O'Hara's Mama. She appeared frequently in prime time teleseryes such as Sa Dulo Ng Walang Hanggan and Mga Anghel na Walang Langit. In 2006 she was cast in the recurring role of Imelda Magsaysay, the mother of Celine Magsaysay, in the popular teleserye, Maging Sino Ka Man. Her other TV credits include Clara Rivero in Lobo, as well as guest appearances in the dramas Maalaala Mo and Mantal. Adlawan was in the Aliw Awards Hall of Fame in 2008 for her three Best Stage Actress wins for speaking in tongues and 100 hundred songs of Mary Helen Fee. She starred in both Tanghalang Ateneo's adaptation of Shakespeare's Othello and David Henry Hwang's production of The Golden Child.She reprised her role of Candida Marasigan in A Portrait of the Artist as Filipino four more times in the next five years. <mask> was nominated for a Best Actress award at the Gawad Urian Awards for her role in Ang Panggagahasa Kay Fe. In A Very Special Love, You Changed My Life, she reprised her role as Baby Magtalas, the mother of Laida Magtalas. She played the role of a politician's daughter in a 2010 film. She came back to Dulaang UP by way of Wilfrido Ma. She reprised her role as Baby Magtalas in It Takes a Man and a Woman. She played the role of Maya's adviser in the movie Be Careful With My Heart.The corrupt principal of a public school in Titser was played by Adlawan. At the 9th Cinemalaya Film Festival, she received a Balanghai Trophy for Best Actress in the New Breed Category for her performance in Transit as Janet, an OFW working in Israel "struggling to keep her family together amid threats of cultural dislocation." She was one of six people who received a special jury citation for ensemble acting. She starred in a film that dealt with the stories of OFWs. She played the role of a Filipina who returned to her home to find a new family. Adlawan was a part of The Janitor. She played Mirasol, one of the farmers in the community and a maternal figure to Liza Soberano's character, in teleserye forevermore.She was cast in several films in 2015, including Sleepless, a QCinema Film Festival offering, and Walang Forever, an entry to the 41st Metro Manila Film. In October of the same year, she returned to the stage, with much critical praise, through Tanghalang Pilipino's Mga Buhay na Apoy, Kanakan-Balintagos' Palanca-award winning play. Adlawan was cast as one of the show's antagonists. At the 29th PMPC Star Awards for Television, she received a Best Supporting Actress nod for her performance as Mirasol. Adlawan won the Gawad BUHAY! She received an award for Outstanding Lead Female Performance in a Play. She reprised her role in Kanakan Balintagos' Loyalist at the Virgin Lab Fest stage.Adlawan won a Best Actress award for her work in the Metro Manila Film Festival entry, Oro. Adlawan married Dennis Marasigan, an actor and writer, whom she met at the UP and with whom she has four children. She has been directed in several of his films. They are not together. Filmography Films were shared with Ping Medina. There are external links to the Television Theatre Awards and nominations.

3335138

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Husni%20al-Za%27im

Husni al-Za'im

Husni al-Za'im (11 May 1897 - 14 August 1949 Ḥusnī az-Za’īm) was a Syrian military officer and politician of Kurdish origin. Husni al-Za'im, had been an officer in the Ottoman Army. After France instituted its colonial mandate over Syria after the First World War, he became an officer in the French Army. After Syria's independence in 1946 he was made Chief of Staff, and was ordered to lead the Syrian Army into war with the Israeli Army in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. The defeat of the Arab league forces in that war shook Syria and undermined confidence in the country's chaotic parliamentary democracy, allowing him to seize power in 1949. However, his reign as head of state would be brief: he was executed within a few months. Coup of 1949 On 30 March 1949, al-Za'im seized power in a bloodless coup d'état. There are "highly controversial" allegations that the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) engineered the coup. Most of the evidence currently available suggests that the decision to initiate a coup was Za'im's alone, but Za'im benefited from some degree of American assistance in planning the operation. Four days after the coup that overthrew democratic rule the Syrian government ratified the controversial Trans-Arabian Pipeline (Tapline) deal. Syria's President, Shukri al-Kuwatli, was briefly imprisoned, but then released into exile in Egypt. Al-Za'im also imprisoned many political leaders, such as Munir al-Ajlani, whom he accused of conspiring to overthrow the republic. The coup was carried out with discreet backing of the American embassy, and possibly assisted by the Syrian Social Nationalist Party, although al-Za'im himself is not known to have been a member. Among the officers that assisted al-Za'im's takeover was Adib al-Shishakli and Sami al-Hinnawi, both of whom would later become military leaders of the country. Al-Za'im's takeover, the first military coup in the history of Syria, would have lasting effects, as it shattered the country's fragile and flawed democratic rule, and set off a series of increasingly violent military revolts. Two more would follow in August and December 1949. Regime His secular policies and proposals for the emancipation of women through granting them the vote and suggesting they should give up the Islamic practice of veiling, created a stir among Muslim religious leaders (Women's suffrage was only achieved during the third civilian administration of Hashim al-Atassi, a staunch opponent of military rule). Raising taxes also aggrieved businessmen, and Arab nationalists were still smouldering over his signing of a cease-fire with Israel, as well as his deals with US oil companies for building the Trans-Arabian Pipeline. He made a peace overture to Israel offering to settle 300,000 Palestinian refugees in Syria, in exchange for border modifications along the cease fire line and half of Israel's Lake Tiberias. Settling the refugees was made conditional on sufficient outside assistance for the Syrian economy. The overture was answered very slowly by Tel Aviv and not treated seriously. Lacking popular support, al-Za'im was overthrown after just four and a half months by his colleagues, al-Shishakli and al-Hinnawi. As al-Hinnawi took power as leader of a military junta, Husni al-Za'im was swiftly spirited away to Mezze prison in Damascus, and executed along with Prime Minister Muhsin al-Barazi. Social al-Za'im worked hard to abolish wearing the fez, claiming that it was outdated headwear taken from the days of the Ottoman Empire. He is credited for giving support to women's the right to vote and run for public office in Syria. The law had been debated at the Syrian Parliament since 1920 and no leader dared to support it, except Zaim. During the 137 days of his rule in Syria, however, Husni al-Za'im never executed anybody. He did have creative ways of punishing those who disobeyed him, however. When the quality of bread dropped to unacceptable levels, Zaim ordered all bakers to walk on the gravel, barefoot, until blood flowed from their feet. Family Husni al-Za’im's wife Nouran, was the first lady of Syria from April to August 1949. The marriage took place in 1947, two years before Husni al-Zaim became President of the Republic. In order to please his young wife, Zaim asked her 11-year-old sister Kariman to live with them in Damascus. He treated her as a sister as well, and sent her to the Lycee Laique (one of the finest preparatory high schools in town). Another sister Orfan, would visit them often, and took up the habit of playing with a guard, Abdel Hamid Sarraj (the chief of security at the president's office who went on to become head of the intelligence bureau and minister of interior during the union years with Egypt 1958–1961). During the incidence of al-Za'im's arrest, and when the guards came to arrest him, Zaim got dressed and said goodbye to his pregnant wife. "Relax" he asked her, "I will be back soon to receive our first baby together!" Niveen (his daughter) said, "My mother and aunt told me that the couch they had been sitting on was riddled with bullets. Sarraj knew in advance that an attack was coming and told them to go upstairs to keep them from harm's way." Less than a week before the coup—which led to the execution by firing squad of Za'im and his Prime Minister Muhsen al-Barazi—Nouran's cousins came to him, saying that they had confirmed intelligence information, saying that Sami al-Hinnawi (his comrade from the war of 1948) was planning to have him killed. Zaim summoned Hinnawi and directly asked, "Sami, my brothers-in-law are telling me you want to kill me?" Hinnawi replied, "Impossible. How can I kill my leader and friend?" After the president was arrested on 14 August, Nouran and her sister were kept under house arrest for an entire week. "No food was brought into the house," said Niveen. A Senegalese guard tried helping them by passing his own food through the window. References External links 1897 births 1949 deaths People from Aleppo 20th-century Syrian politicians Presidents of Syria Prime Ministers of Syria Chiefs of Staff of the Syrian Army Syrian Kurdish politicians Syrian Kurdish people Leaders ousted by a coup Executed Syrian people People executed by Syria by firing squad Executed presidents Executed prime ministers Syrian people of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War Syrian generals Syrian ministers of defense Syrian politicians Leaders who took power by coup

<mask>-Za'im (11 May 1897 - 14 August 1949 Ḥusnī az-Za’īm) was a Syrian military officer and politician of Kurdish origin. <mask>-Za'im, had been an officer in the Ottoman Army. After France instituted its colonial mandate over Syria after the First World War, he became an officer in the French Army. After Syria's independence in 1946 he was made Chief of Staff, and was ordered to lead the Syrian Army into war with the Israeli Army in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. The defeat of the Arab league forces in that war shook Syria and undermined confidence in the country's chaotic parliamentary democracy, allowing him to seize power in 1949. However, his reign as head of state would be brief: he was executed within a few months. Coup of 1949 On 30 March 1949, al-Za'im seized power in a bloodless coup d'état.There are "highly controversial" allegations that the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) engineered the coup. Most of the evidence currently available suggests that the decision to initiate a coup was Za'im's alone, but Za'im benefited from some degree of American assistance in planning the operation. Four days after the coup that overthrew democratic rule the Syrian government ratified the controversial Trans-Arabian Pipeline (Tapline) deal. Syria's President, Shukri al-Kuwatli, was briefly imprisoned, but then released into exile in Egypt. Al-Za'im also imprisoned many political leaders, such as Munir al-Ajlani, whom he accused of conspiring to overthrow the republic. The coup was carried out with discreet backing of the American embassy, and possibly assisted by the Syrian Social Nationalist Party, although al-Za'im himself is not known to have been a member. Among the officers that assisted al-Za'im's takeover was Adib al-Shishakli and Sami al-Hinnawi, both of whom would later become military leaders of the country.Al-Za'im's takeover, the first military coup in the history of Syria, would have lasting effects, as it shattered the country's fragile and flawed democratic rule, and set off a series of increasingly violent military revolts. Two more would follow in August and December 1949. Regime His secular policies and proposals for the emancipation of women through granting them the vote and suggesting they should give up the Islamic practice of veiling, created a stir among Muslim religious leaders (Women's suffrage was only achieved during the third civilian administration of Hashim al-Atassi, a staunch opponent of military rule). Raising taxes also aggrieved businessmen, and Arab nationalists were still smouldering over his signing of a cease-fire with Israel, as well as his deals with US oil companies for building the Trans-Arabian Pipeline. He made a peace overture to Israel offering to settle 300,000 Palestinian refugees in Syria, in exchange for border modifications along the cease fire line and half of Israel's Lake Tiberias. Settling the refugees was made conditional on sufficient outside assistance for the Syrian economy. The overture was answered very slowly by Tel Aviv and not treated seriously.Lacking popular support, al-Za'im was overthrown after just four and a half months by his colleagues, al-Shishakli and al-Hinnawi. As al-Hinnawi took power as leader of a military junta, <mask> al-Za'im was swiftly spirited away to Mezze prison in Damascus, and executed along with Prime Minister Muhsin al-Barazi. Social al-Za'im worked hard to abolish wearing the fez, claiming that it was outdated headwear taken from the days of the Ottoman Empire. He is credited for giving support to women's the right to vote and run for public office in Syria. The law had been debated at the Syrian Parliament since 1920 and no leader dared to support it, except Zaim. During the 137 days of his rule in Syria, however, <mask> al-Za'im never executed anybody. He did have creative ways of punishing those who disobeyed him, however.When the quality of bread dropped to unacceptable levels, Zaim ordered all bakers to walk on the gravel, barefoot, until blood flowed from their feet. Family <mask> al-Za’im's wife Nouran, was the first lady of Syria from April to August 1949. The marriage took place in 1947, two years before <mask> al-Zaim became President of the Republic. In order to please his young wife, Zaim asked her 11-year-old sister Kariman to live with them in Damascus. He treated her as a sister as well, and sent her to the Lycee Laique (one of the finest preparatory high schools in town). Another sister Orfan, would visit them often, and took up the habit of playing with a guard, Abdel Hamid Sarraj (the chief of security at the president's office who went on to become head of the intelligence bureau and minister of interior during the union years with Egypt 1958–1961). During the incidence of al-Za'im's arrest, and when the guards came to arrest him, Zaim got dressed and said goodbye to his pregnant wife."Relax" he asked her, "I will be back soon to receive our first baby together!" Niveen (his daughter) said, "My mother and aunt told me that the couch they had been sitting on was riddled with bullets. Sarraj knew in advance that an attack was coming and told them to go upstairs to keep them from harm's way." Less than a week before the coup—which led to the execution by firing squad of Za'im and his Prime Minister Muhsen al-Barazi—Nouran's cousins came to him, saying that they had confirmed intelligence information, saying that Sami al-Hinnawi (his comrade from the war of 1948) was planning to have him killed. Zaim summoned Hinnawi and directly asked, "Sami, my brothers-in-law are telling me you want to kill me?" Hinnawi replied, "Impossible. How can I kill my leader and friend?"After the president was arrested on 14 August, Nouran and her sister were kept under house arrest for an entire week. "No food was brought into the house," said Niveen. A Senegalese guard tried helping them by passing his own food through the window. References External links 1897 births 1949 deaths People from Aleppo 20th-century Syrian politicians Presidents of Syria Prime Ministers of Syria Chiefs of Staff of the Syrian Army Syrian Kurdish politicians Syrian Kurdish people Leaders ousted by a coup Executed Syrian people People executed by Syria by firing squad Executed presidents Executed prime ministers Syrian people of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War Syrian generals Syrian ministers of defense Syrian politicians Leaders who took power by coup

<mask>-Za'im was a Syrian military officer and politician of Kurdish origin. <mask>-Za'im was an officer in the Ottoman Army. After the First World War, he became an officer in the French Army. After Syria's independence in 1946, he was made Chief of Staff and was ordered to lead the Syrian Army into war with the Israeli Army. The defeat of the Arab league forces in that war shook Syria and undermined confidence in the country's chaotic parliamentary democracy, allowing him to seize power in 1949. His reign as head of state was brief and he was executed within a few months. On March 30, 1949, al-Za'im seized power in a bloodless coup.There are allegations that the CIA was involved in the coup. The decision to start a coup was Za'im's alone, but he benefited from some American assistance in planning the operation. The Syrian government approved the deal four days after the coup. Syria's President was released into exile in Egypt after being briefly imprisoned. Many political leaders were imprisoned by Al-Za'im because he accused them of conspiring to overthrow the republic. The coup was supported by the American embassy and possibly aided by the Syrian Social Nationalist Party, although al-Za'im is not known to have been a member. Two of the officers who aided al-Za'im's takeover are now military leaders of the country.The first military coup in the history of Syria would have lasting effects as it shattered the country's fragile and flawed democratic rule and set off a series of increasingly violent military revolts. In August and December 1949 there would be two more. His secular policies and proposals for the emancipation of women through granting them the vote and suggesting they should give up the Islamic practice of veiling created a stir among Muslim religious leaders. The signing of a cease-fire with Israel, as well as his deals with US oil companies for building the Trans-Arabian Pipeline, were still smouldering over. In exchange for border modifications along the cease fire line and half of Israel's Lake Tiberias, he made a peace overture to Israel. Settling the refugees was dependent on outside assistance for the Syrian economy. Tel Aviv did not treat the overture seriously.After just four and a half months, al-Za'im was overthrown by his colleagues. <mask> al-Za'im was executed along with Prime Minister Muhsin al-Barazi after al-Hinnawi took power. Social al-Za'im claimed that the fez was taken from the days of the Ottoman Empire. He is credited with giving women's the right to vote and run for public office in Syria. The law had been debated at the Syrian Parliament since 1920 and no leader dared to support it. <mask> al-Za'im never executed anyone during his rule in Syria. He had ways of punishing those who disobeyed him.All bakers were ordered to walk barefoot until blood flowed from their feet, after the quality of bread dropped to unacceptable levels. Nouran was the first lady of Syria from April to August 1949. Two years before <mask> al-Zaim became President of the Republic, the marriage took place. In order to please his wife, he asked his sister to live with them in Damascus. He treated her like a sister and sent her to one of the best high schools in town. The chief of security at the president's office who went on to become head of the intelligence bureau and minister of interior during the union years with Egypt was Orfan's sister. When the guards came to arrest al-Za'im, he got dressed and said goodbye to his pregnant wife.He told her, "I will be back soon to receive our first baby together!" Niveen's mother and aunt told her that the couch they were sitting on was filled with bullets. They were told to go upstairs to keep themselves out of harm's way. Less than a week before the coup, Nouran's cousins came to him, saying that they had confirmation of intelligence information. "Sami, my brothers-in-law are telling me you want to kill me?" asked Zaim. "Impossible," he replied. I don't know how to kill my leader and friend.Nouran and her sister were kept under house arrest for a week after the president was arrested. Niveen said that no food was brought into the house. A guard tried to help them by giving them his own food. There are links to births and deaths from 1897 to 1949.

44622452

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade%20MacLauchlan

Wade MacLauchlan

H. Wade MacLauchlan CM OPEI (born December 10, 1954), is a Canadian legal academic, university administrator, politician and community leader. He served as the fifth president of the University of Prince Edward Island from 1999 to 2011, becoming President Emeritus in 2012. He served as the 32nd premier of Prince Edward Island from 2015 to 2019. His government was defeated in the April 23, 2019 general election. MacLauchlan announced his intention to step down as Liberal leader on April 26, 2019 and completed his term as Premier on May 9, 2019. Early life, education and career MacLauchlan was born on 10 December 1954, the third of five children of Harry and Marjorie MacLauchlan, living in Stanhope, Prince Edward Island. Stanhope is the oldest Scottish community on PEI, with the first Scottish settlers arriving on the ship "Falmouth" in June 1770. The MacLauchlan's were early residents of Stanhope, with a large extended family in Stanhope and numerous other rural PEI communities. MacLauchlan was born into an entrepreneurial household. The family lived initially in an apartment above a country general store that his father Harry started at Stanhope in 1946 at the age of nineteen. Harry and Marjorie MacLauchlan were businesspeople involved in tourism, fisheries, heavy construction, and several other ventures through the 1960s. By the age of 10, Wade had two newspaper routes along with his cousin, selling The Guardian in the morning and The Evening Patriot in the afternoon. He would later recall that the only advice offered by his father regarding what was a fairly sizeable business venture for two youngsters was that they should read the newspaper before selling it; "In other words, the most important thing in business is to know what you're talking about." MacLauchlan's parents went on to other ventures including MacLauchlan's Motel in Charlottetown, expanding the heavy construction business and getting in to cable television, golf courses, oil and gas distribution, and real estate. MacLauchlan worked in many of those ventures with jobs such as weighing and salting fish, collecting garbage, building golf course greens, and carrying suitcases. In the summer of 1974, at the age of 19, he headed further afield, working as a guide on cross-Canada bus tours. After completing his first eight years of education, MacLauchlan went from the two-room school at Stanhope to study at Charlottetown Rural High. Along with his studies, MacLauchlan was involved in student politics as vice-president of Student Council and chair of the organizing committee for the annual Winter Carnival. A key formative experience came when MacLauchlan was nominated by his high school teachers to serve as a page in the PEI provincial legislature for two years in 1970 and 1971 at the height of the Comprehensive Development Plan and Alex Campbell's premiership. MacLauchlan went on to earn an undergraduate Bachelor of Business Administration degree from the University of Prince Edward Island, followed by a Bachelor of Laws from the University of New Brunswick and a Master of Laws from Yale University. While at UPEI, he served two terms as an elected student representative on University Senate. Upon graduating in 1976, MacLauchlan was awarded the Owen MacDonald Memorial Award, presented to a graduate by the senior class for excellence and outstanding contribution to the class. At UNB Law School, MacLauchlan held the Beaverbrook Scholarship in Law, was elected to serve for two terms on Law Faculty Council and was awarded the Lieutenant Governor's Medal on graduation. MacLauchlan attended Yale Law School with the O'Brien Scholarship and Yale Law Scholarship. Following graduation from UPEI, MacLauchlan took a double gap year, working and traveling widely from 1976 to 1978. He worked as road construction labourer in Northern Quebec, as a hotel clerk at Jasper Park Lodge, as a roughneck on an oil rig in west-central Alberta, and as a volunteer recycler in southern France. Academic career In the year following graduation from UNB Law, MacLauchlan was awarded a clerkship at the Supreme Court of Canada, where he was the sole law clerk for Justice W.Z. Estey. 1981–82 was an active year for the Supreme Court, beginning with the delivery in late September of opinions in the famous Patriation Reference. The Court's decision led to first ministers meetings that in turn paved the way for patriation of the Canadian constitution, adoption of the Constitution Act, 1982, and enshrinement of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. MacLauchlan began his teaching and academic career as an assistant professor, later promoted to associate professor, at Dalhousie Law School from 1983 to 1991. During this time, he served for six years as Director of the federal government's Civil Law-Common Law Exchange Program. MacLauchlan was active in the Canadian Association of Law Teachers, including as Chair of a Special Advisory Committee on Equality in Legal Education, which produced the report Equality in Legal Education: Sharing a Vision, Creating the Pathways. His main teaching and scholarly focus was in administrative and public law. From 1990 to 1993, he was the administrative law editor of the Supreme Court Law Review. MacLauchlan was Dean of Law at the University of New Brunswick from 1991 to 1996. As dean, he led the establishment of the $1.5 million Heritage Fund on the occasion of the law school's centenary in 1991–92. During this period, UNB's law faculty became known as "Canada's great small law school," a title it retains today. In 1993–94, MacLauchlan was chair of the university-wide faculty-staff component of UNB's Venture Campaign, launching what became a successful $40 million initiative. From 1997 to 1999, MacLauchlan served as founding director of UNB's multi-disciplinary Centre for Property Studies. UPEI President In 1999, MacLauchlan was appointed as the fifth president of the University of Prince Edward Island, the first PEI native to serve in the role. At the time of his appointment, MacLauchlan said, "We can be as great as any university in this country. We may not be as big, but we can be as good." With declining youth populations, enrolment was identified as a challenge for UPEI and other Atlantic universities. At the outset, MacLauchlan suggested a target of increasing full-time student enrolment to 2700 students (at the time, FT enrolment was 2450.) That target was surpassed within two years; UPEI had more than 2850 full-time students in 2001–02. By 2010–11, enrolment at UPEI grew to just under 4000 full-time students. This reflected increased numbers of students from Prince Edward Island and elsewhere in Canada, in conjunction with a five-fold increase in both international students and students enrolled in graduate programs. During these years, UPEI's standing in the annual Maclean's University Rankings rose from #18 (of 21) among Primarily Undergraduate universities in 2000 to #5 (of 21) in 2006 and was consistently in the top 10. A second target identified by MacLauchlan when he became UPEI president was to double the amount of funding for research and development (in 1999, external research funding was $2 million annually.) By 2002, external research funding at UPEI increased to $5.2 million. Total annual research funding further increased by more than 150% to $13.2 million between 2002 and 2007, earning UPEI recognition as the top Canadian undergraduate university for research funding growth during the five-year period. Beginning in 2002, MacLauchlan served as co-chair of a Technology Roadmap Steering Committee that brought together leaders from industry with university scientists, government funding partners and representatives of the federal National Research Council to secure funding approval in 2003 for the establishment of the NRC's Institute of NutriSciences and Health on the UPEI campus. Other signal research achievements included the establishment of a number of prestigious Canada Research Chairs (CRCs). By 2008, UPEI had been awarded six CRCs. In 2009 UPEI secured one of only ten inaugural Canada Excellence Research Chairs awarded to universities across Canada, in the relatively new discipline of aquatic epidemiology. Growth the research and development portfolio at UPEI and the Atlantic Veterinary College coincided with expansion of graduate programs in a range of disciplines, with enrolments increasing from 53 graduate students in 1999–2000 to 260 graduate students in 2011–12. Teaching and learning remained a top priority and area of excellence for UPEI. MacLauchlan committed to be in the classroom to teach as many UPEI students as possible. He did so by teaching students in English 101 classes about the importance of writing and by offering guest lectures in other first year and upper year courses. UPEI continued to demonstrate a commitment to teaching and learning through faculty members being recognized with an impressive number of regional and national teaching awards. In 2003, UPEI created the Webster Centre for Teaching and Learning. When MacLauchlan completed his eleven-year term as president in 2011, his service was recognized through the creation of two new series of student awards. Up to sixty MacLauchlan Prizes for Effective Writing are presented annually to UPEI students who excel in coursework writing across the disciplines or in community-oriented writing. The H. Wade MacLauchlan Raised Expectations Awards go to the Grade 12 graduating student from each P.E.I. high school who demonstrates the greatest improvement in academic achievement from Grade 10 to the completion of Grade 12 and who goes on to study at UPEI. MacLauchlan encountered criticism from the Canadian Society for Academic Freedom and Scholarship for a 2006 decision to halt distribution on campus of an edition of the student newspaper, The Cadre, which reprinted controversial cartoons of Muhammad published in a Danish newspaper in September 2005. The UPEI Student Union, the owner of the Cadre, initially supported the newspaper's decision to publish the cartoons, but after meetings with MacLauchlan and other student groups, offered an apology to the PEI Muslim community and rounded up the remaining copies of the newspaper. In the fall of 2010, MacLauchlan led vocal opposition to an initiative by the PEI government that proposed to amend the University Act to permit the creation of additional university-status institutions in the province, specifically to permit developer Richard Homburg to create a degree-granting real estate university. The provincial government decided against proceeding with the controversial changes. MacLauchlan's presidency was a period of major infrastructure development at UPEI. The first major project was a much-needed new Student Centre located at the front of campus. This was followed by new and refurbished residences, a new school of business, a complex for applied health sciences, a major expansion of the veterinary college, the NRC institute and research complex, a major community-university arena and aquatics facility, new playing fields and a track and field facility for the 2009 Canada Summer Games, and an overall upgrade of campus grounds and facilities in accordance with a first-ever Campus Master Plan. MacLauchlan took pride in saying that these infrastructure improvements were achieved while leaving UPEI with no unfunded debt, reflecting the considerable public and private funding contributions secured under his leadership. MacLauchlan served a number of years as an executive member of the Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada (AUCC) and as a member and Chair of AUCC's Standing Advisory Committee on International Relations. As UPEI president, MacLauchlan served as a member of the Executive of the Association of Atlantic Universities including twice as Chair of the AAU. He served on the Board of Atlantic University Sport, including five years as Chair. When MacLauchlan was in his eleventh year as UPEI president, he was interviewed by Gordon Pitts of the Globe and Mail on the subject of leadership. MacLauchlan responded to a question from Pitts about the role of universities in economic growth by saying, "It's never been more important to do what we do and do more of it – in terms of moving to the emerging economy and what will pay the bills in the 21st century." In concluding the interview, Pitts asked, "What is your legacy?" MacLauchlan responded, "Higher expectation. It wouldn't have been uncommon if you talked to Grade 12 students in PEI 15 years ago, to hear them say, 'I'm just going to UPEI.' The 'just' is gone now." In 2015, when MacLauchlan was interviewed by the national university publication University Affairs about legacies, following a presentation to current university presidents, he had this to say, "I think the overall piece is raised expectations. It's not [from] me alone, of course. It comes through a collective effort and you have to get your timing right. By raised expectations I mean for students, professors and the community to see a greater role for the university, to see a greater opportunity to achieve and, ultimately, to be able to measure how others see you." After UPEI & Author After completing his 12-year term as UPEI's longest-serving president, MacLauchlan retired from the University at the end of 2011 and was named President Emeritus. He stayed active in public affairs and debates. In a January 2013 opinion essay in the Charlottetown Guardian entitled "P.E.I. needs immigration and a population strategy," MacLauchlan emphasized a sense of urgency, saying "As things are currently lined up, P.E.I. faces two demographic certainties: there will be fewer of us, and we will be older. These are both barriers to growth." Later in the op-ed, MacLauchlan said, "If P.E.I.'s history could be summed up in three words, it would be: 'Grow or go.' Without opportunities to grow and prosper, people leave." MacLauchlan became a member of the "Connectors" Committee of the Greater Charlottetown Chamber of Commerce and served as co-chair of the 2013 Georgetown Conference, held in Georgetown, PEI on October 3–5, 2013 and dedicated to the theme Redefining Rural. The Georgetown Conference was founded by Paul MacNeil, publisher of the Eastern Graphic, and developed under the umbrella of Newspapers Atlantic, a regional association representing 70 predominately rural community newspapers, with a combined weekly circulation of 730,000. The Conference attracted delegates from communities throughout the four Atlantic Provinces and speakers from across Canada, aiming to develop action plans and networks to promote rural revitalization and sustainability of rural communities throughout the region. MacLauchlan's main activity during the post-UPEI period was to research, write and publish the political biography of Alex B. Campbell, who was PEI's longest-serving premier from 1966 to 1978. Alex B. Campbell: The Prince Edward Island Premier Who Rocked the Cradle was released in print edition in May 2014. In researching the book, MacLauchlan conducted more than 70 interviews with political and bureaucratic actors from the period, as well as family and friends of Alex B. Campbell. He spent many hours interviewing Campbell himself and sifted through thousands of archival documents, photographs and public media records. In November 2014, an audio version of the book, recorded primarily by MacLauchlan, with passages from actor Gracie Finley, artistic director Duncan McIntosh and with Alex B. Campbell reading from his speeches and singing. In November 2012, MacLauchlan was elected as a councillor of the rural Municipality of North Shore. He was re-elected by acclamation in November 2014. From 2013 to 2015, MacLauchlan served as a board member of the Federation of Municipalities of Prince Edward Island. From 2008 to 2015, MacLauchlan served as a director of Medavie Inc. and Medavie Health Services. In 2009, he became a director of the Medavie Health Foundation, later serving as chair of the Foundation, which grew to a $50 million fund embracing child and youth mental health and Type-2 diabetes as its two core areas of support. In 2012, MacLauchlan was named a director of the Windsor Foundation, one of the largest and longest-established private foundations in Atlantic Canada. In 2013–14, MacLauchlan led a fundraising initiative that exceeded its $2 million goal and allowed the CHANCES Family Centre to pay off the mortgage on its central facility, named in honour of Hon. Catherine Callbeck. PEI Premier On 13 November 2014, Liberal premier Robert Ghiz unexpectedly announced that he would resign upon the selection of a new Liberal leader. Two weeks later, Wade MacLauchlan was joined at the North Shore Community Centre in his home community by 19 of 23 Liberal caucus members for the announcement that he would be a candidate for the party leadership. He declared, "We have challenges: fiscal, economic, demographic, environmental and others," and said that he wanted to lead a government that would square up to those challenges and a province that he offered to serve as "optimist-in-chief." He was the sole candidate at the close of nominations on January 20, 2015 and was acclaimed leader on February 21, 2015. In his acceptance speech to the leadership convention, MacLauchlan emphasized economic growth, demographic change, and open government, telling the audience, "Prosperity starts with growing our economy." MacLauchlan was sworn in as the 32nd Premier of Prince Edward Island, on February 23, 2015. In addition to serving as premier, MacLauchlan assumed the roles of Minister of Finance and Energy, as well as Minister of Intergovernmental, Aboriginal and Francophone Affairs in an eight-member cabinet. Questions of ethics and government accountability that had dogged the Liberal administration of Robert Ghiz became issues for MacLauchlan's government from its first weeks in office. The Ghiz government's initiative to establish PEI as an e-gaming jurisdiction and efforts to create a financial hub were kept in the limelight by newly selected PC leader Rob Lantz and by investigative journalists. MacLauchlan asked PEI's auditor-general to review the matters and introduced conflict-of-interest reforms aimed at improving government transparency and accountability, saying the province needed to restore public confidence and trust. MacLauchlan led the Liberals to a majority in a May 4, 2015 general election, winning 18 of 27 seats in the PEI Legislative Assembly. The Progressive Conservative party increased its standing to 8 seats and the Green party elected its first-ever Island MLA. MacLauchlan was elected as MLA for York-Oyster Bed, a seat previously held by his chief of staff Robert Vessey. The Liberal platform built on the theme "Let's Work Together" and around the pillars "People, Prosperity, Engagement," promising aggressive business development initiatives, as well as a first-ever arts and culture strategy and a population action plan. The new cabinet saw a mix of seasoned and first-time ministers, with MacLauchlan taking on the role of Minister of Justice and Attorney General in the place of the Finance portfolio. The Legislature met for a June sitting, which included the adoption of the 2015–16 provincial budget and tabling of a white paper on democratic renewal. One of the first acts of the new government, prior to the legislative sitting, was to announce that PEI would fund abortions on a self-referral basis through an agreement with Moncton Hospital. This was considered "big news for the Island but a small first step" by abortion-rights advocates. In March 2016, the PEI government announced, in response to a constitutional challenge, the creation of a self-referring Women's Health Centre that would offer abortions on the Island for the first time in almost forty years, along with a range of reproductive health services. An early challenge for the MacLauchlan government was the need to install new power transmission cables under the Northumberland Strait between New Brunswick and PEI, to expand the capacity of existing 40 year-old cables and address concerns about their age and condition. MacLauchlan described this as the province's top infrastructure priority but was unwilling to settle for the maximum funding of $50 million offered by the Harper federal government toward what eventually became a $142.5 million project. After the 2015 federal election, the Trudeau government agreed to share the cost. When the project was completed in August 2017, MacLauchlan said it meant "an energy system for Prince Edward Island that is reliable, affordable and increasingly renewable." A plebiscite on electoral reform in November 2016 cost the MacLauchlan government political capital, as did a school review conducted in the winter of 2017. On the recommendation of an all-party legislative committee, the electoral reform plebiscite offered Islanders five choices through a preferential voting or ranked-ballot system. After four rounds, the majority of votes (52.4%) were cast in favour of mixed member proportional representation [MMP]. Because participation in the plebiscite was very low by PEI standards at 36.46%, the MacLauchlan government introduced legislation to have the matter settled through a yes-or-no referendum on MMP to be held in conjunction with the 2019 provincial election. While the referendum eventually went against MMP, the process "turned what was a dormant issue into a lightning rod of general public frustration." In the fall of 2016 and winter of 2017, a periodic review of school zoning and populations by the PEI Public Schools Branch attracted considerable public opposition to the proposed closure of five schools. At the conclusion of the process, the trustees recommended to cabinet that two of the five schools be closed but the government opted to keep the schools open. MacLauchlan said the decision was guided by a "learner-centred" approach. The PC opposition called the process a "sham". MacLauchlan responded that the review had resulted in a commitment to the "development and growth of our communities and our population in all parts of this province." MacLauchlan's two main priorities in government were to expand and diversify the PEI economy and grow and rejuvenate the province's population. From 2015 to 2019, PEI led all provinces for economic growth, expanding by a cumulative 16 per cent in real terms over the five years, while the total Canadian economy grew by 9 per cent during the same period. These gains translated into significant growth in employment. From May 2015 to December 2019, PEI saw the creation of 8,500 new full-time jobs, equal to 14.2% of the local labour market. The growth came predominantly in the private sector, with substantial increases in manufacturing, construction, agriculture, fisheries, tourism, transportation and wholesale trade. The economic and job growth came with increased population. For each year from 2015–16 through 2018–19, PEI led all provinces for rates of growth for population and immigration. PEI's population grew by 9 per cent from 144,546 in 2015 to 156,947 in 2019. For the first time since 1968, the median age of Prince Edward Islanders declined. After watching its median age increase without exception from 1969 to 2016, rising from 25 to 44, PEI became the only Canadian province to see its median age decrease for three consecutive years, dropping to 43.2 in 2019. PEI's population growth and rejuvenation brought with it an increased demand for housing. In the fall of 2013, PEI's rental vacancy rate was 7.1%. By the end of 2018, PEI had the lowest rental vacancy rate in Canada, at 0.2%, causing many to refer to the situation as a housing crisis. In March 2018, the MacLauchlan government released a five-year Housing Action Plan, developed in conjunction with a provincial Housing Supply Task Force appointed in late 2017. The Action Plan committed to a range of programs and partnerships, including investments in new affordable housing for the first time since the early 1990s and a tripling of income-sensitive rent supplements. In 2019, a record number of new residential units were constructed, and the provincial rental vacancy rate rose to 1.2%. Some of the major initiatives of the MacLauchlan government included passage of PEI's first-ever Water Act, which some commentators said could be a model for the rest of the country, and a new Municipal Government Act replacing legislation first adopted in 1947. A new Business Corporations Act and registry replaced a Companies Act with origins in the 1880s. The province undertook its first comprehensive review of policing in decades, and a new Education Act replaced legislation from the early 1970s. In the area of open government, Prince Edward Island adopted its first-ever whistle-blower protection legislation, a lobbyist registry and the modernization of limits on political contributions. Energy and climate change were prominent issues during MacLauchlan's time as premier, starting with meetings of Canada's premiers in the summer of 2015 that finalized the Canadian Energy Strategy. A November 2015 meeting of first ministers, the first in seven years, was a prelude to participation in the December 2015 conference that produced the Paris Agreement among 196 state parties. First ministers meetings in Vancouver in March 2016 and Ottawa in December moved toward the Pan Canadian Agreement on Clean Energy and Climate Change. Building on an extensive research and consultation, PEI released a ten-year Provincial Energy Strategy in March 2016, and a 32-point Climate Change Action Plan in May 2018. The MacLauchlan government introduced extensive programs and incentives aimed at achieving greater energy efficiency. PEI was one of only three provinces to achieve reduced GHG emissions from 2017 to 2018, with a 1.5 per cent decline in emissions, despite a 2.1 per cent increase in population and a 2.8 per cent increase in economic growth over 2017. When he became Liberal party leader and during the 2015 election campaign, Wade MacLauchlan made a commitment to lead a government would "live within its means." After running a $13 million deficit in 2015–16, PEI had balanced budgets that turned into historic surpluses of $75 million in 2017–18 and $57 million in 2018–19. Over a four-year period, there were investments totalling $750 million by all levels of government in public infrastructure in Prince Edward Island. The province's share of these capital investments was financed without increasing the provincial net debt and while reducing the province's debt-to-GDP ratio from 36.7% in 2015 to 30.5% in 2019, leaving PEI with the lowest debt-to-GDP ratio of any province east of Saskatchewan. In August 2020, the bond rating agency DBRS upgraded PEI's credit rating for the first time in two decades. These results were achieved while annual budgets extended tax relief measures and increased program funding, with the significant majority of new expenditure going toward enhanced social programs, education and health care. MacLauchlan's Liberals trailed in the polls going in to the 2019 provincial election. The environment was uncertain with the recent selection of Dennis King as Progressive Conservative leader in February 2019 and the suspension of campaigning during the final weekend as a result of the tragic death of Green party candidate Josh Underhay. The theme of the MacLauchlan Liberals' platform was, "PEI is Working; Let's Keep Working." With slightly less than normal voter turnout for PEI at under 80%, the election resulted in PEI's first minority government in more than a century. The Progressive Conservatives captured 12 seats (later 13, with the results of the deferred election) and 37% of the vote, the Greens 8 seats and 31%, and the Liberals 6 seats and 30%. MacLauchlan lost by 104 votes in his district of Stanhope-Marshfield and announced two days later that he would step down as Liberal party leader upon selection of an interim leader. Personal life, Community involvement, Honours and awards Wade MacLauchlan was the first openly gay Premier of Prince Edward Island, and the first openly gay man to be premier of a province. He lives with his partner, theatrical director and entrepreneur Duncan McIntosh, in West Covehead, PEI, the neighbouring community to his native Stanhope. MacLauchlan was the first person in Canada to be a member of the Order of Canada prior to leading a government, having been inducted as a member of Order in 2008. In 2014, he was named to the Order of Prince Edward Island. In 2010, he received the Lieutenant Governor's Institute of Public Administration of Canada Award for Excellence in Public Administration. In 2013, MacLauchlan was an inaugural recipient of the Frank McKenna Award for outstanding contributions to public policy by Atlantic Canadians conferred by the Public Policy Forum of Canada. He is the first person to have become a Member of the Order of Canada prior to becoming a provincial premier. MacLauchlan has served on various national and regional organizations. He served as Vice-President of the Canadian Institute for the Administration of Justice; as an executive member of the Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada (AUCC) and Chair of AUCC's Standing Advisory Committee on International Relations; as board member of the Public Policy Forum of Canada; as board member of the Atlantic Provinces Economic Council (APEC); as a member of the Atlantic Gateway Advisory Council; as executive member and Chair of the Association of Atlantic Universities (AAU); and, as board member and Chair of Atlantic University Sport (AUS). While premier, MacLauchlan served as Chair of the Council of the Federation in 2015 and Chair of the New England Governors and Eastern Canadian Premiers in 2017. MacLauchlan chaired the founding committee of the Palmer Conference on Public Sector Leadership and was actively involved, including as Chair, with the first three Palmer Conferences: Public Servants and their Relationships with Politicians and the Media (2010), Developing a Canadian Energy Strategy (2011), and Canadian Immigration Law and Policy (2012). Prior to getting into political life, MacLauchlan was a board member of the Windsor Foundation and as an inaugural director and later Chair of the Medavie Health Foundation, which identified child and youth mental health and Type-2 diabetes as priority areas for support. While at UNB, MacLauchlan was a founding director of the Muriel McQueen Fergusson Foundation for Eliminating Family Violence and chaired the committee for the. 150th Anniversary of the Law Society of New Brunswick. While at Dalhousie, he served on the board of the Dalhousie Legal Aid Clinic and was a founding member of the Nova Scotia chapter of Lawyers for Social Responsibility. MacLauchlan has been involved in various business endeavours, including family businesses and as an investor in several start-up technology firms based on PEI. He is a director of Anne in China Inc., which translated Anne of Green Gables into Mandarin and published it in China in 2011. The book was shortlisted by the country's national publishers' association as one of the most influential novels published in China in 2012. He is director and president of a local land development company, Covehead Development Inc. See also List of openly LGBT heads of government List of the first LGBT holders of political offices in Canada References 1954 births Living people Prince Edward Island Liberal Party leaders Premiers of Prince Edward Island Gay politicians LGBT governors and heads of sub-national entities Male biographers Members of the Executive Council of Prince Edward Island Members of the Order of Canada Members of the Order of Prince Edward Island Canadian biographers Canadian male non-fiction writers University of Prince Edward Island University of New Brunswick alumni University of New Brunswick faculty Dalhousie University faculty Yale Law School alumni Canadian university and college chief executives Canadian LGBT people in provincial and territorial legislatures Prince Edward Island Liberal Party MLAs Gay academics Canadian gay writers People from Queens County, Prince Edward Island Writers from Prince Edward Island 21st-century Canadian politicians

H<mask> CM OPEI (born December 10, 1954), is a Canadian legal academic, university administrator, politician and community leader. He served as the fifth president of the University of Prince Edward Island from 1999 to 2011, becoming President Emeritus in 2012. He served as the 32nd premier of Prince Edward Island from 2015 to 2019. His government was defeated in the April 23, 2019 general election. <mask> announced his intention to step down as Liberal leader on April 26, 2019 and completed his term as Premier on May 9, 2019. Early life, education and career <mask> was born on 10 December 1954, the third of five children of Harry and <mask>, living in Stanhope, Prince Edward Island. Stanhope is the oldest Scottish community on PEI, with the first Scottish settlers arriving on the ship "Falmouth" in June 1770.The <mask>'s were early residents of Stanhope, with a large extended family in Stanhope and numerous other rural PEI communities. <mask> was born into an entrepreneurial household. The family lived initially in an apartment above a country general store that his father Harry started at Stanhope in 1946 at the age of nineteen. Harry and Marjorie MacLauchlan were businesspeople involved in tourism, fisheries, heavy construction, and several other ventures through the 1960s. By the age of 10, <mask> had two newspaper routes along with his cousin, selling The Guardian in the morning and The Evening Patriot in the afternoon. He would later recall that the only advice offered by his father regarding what was a fairly sizeable business venture for two youngsters was that they should read the newspaper before selling it; "In other words, the most important thing in business is to know what you're talking about." <mask>'s parents went on to other ventures including MacLauchlan's Motel in Charlottetown, expanding the heavy construction business and getting in to cable television, golf courses, oil and gas distribution, and real estate.<mask> worked in many of those ventures with jobs such as weighing and salting fish, collecting garbage, building golf course greens, and carrying suitcases. In the summer of 1974, at the age of 19, he headed further afield, working as a guide on cross-Canada bus tours. After completing his first eight years of education, <mask> went from the two-room school at Stanhope to study at Charlottetown Rural High. Along with his studies, MacLauchlan was involved in student politics as vice-president of Student Council and chair of the organizing committee for the annual Winter Carnival. A key formative experience came when <mask> was nominated by his high school teachers to serve as a page in the PEI provincial legislature for two years in 1970 and 1971 at the height of the Comprehensive Development Plan and Alex Campbell's premiership. <mask> went on to earn an undergraduate Bachelor of Business Administration degree from the University of Prince Edward Island, followed by a Bachelor of Laws from the University of New Brunswick and a Master of Laws from Yale University. While at UPEI, he served two terms as an elected student representative on University Senate.Upon graduating in 1976, <mask> was awarded the Owen MacDonald Memorial Award, presented to a graduate by the senior class for excellence and outstanding contribution to the class. At UNB Law School, MacLauchlan held the Beaverbrook Scholarship in Law, was elected to serve for two terms on Law Faculty Council and was awarded the Lieutenant Governor's Medal on graduation. MacLauchlan attended Yale Law School with the O'Brien Scholarship and Yale Law Scholarship. Following graduation from UPEI, <mask> took a double gap year, working and traveling widely from 1976 to 1978. He worked as road construction labourer in Northern Quebec, as a hotel clerk at Jasper Park Lodge, as a roughneck on an oil rig in west-central Alberta, and as a volunteer recycler in southern France. Academic career In the year following graduation from UNB Law, <mask> was awarded a clerkship at the Supreme Court of Canada, where he was the sole law clerk for Justice W.Z. Estey.1981–82 was an active year for the Supreme Court, beginning with the delivery in late September of opinions in the famous Patriation Reference. The Court's decision led to first ministers meetings that in turn paved the way for patriation of the Canadian constitution, adoption of the Constitution Act, 1982, and enshrinement of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. <mask> began his teaching and academic career as an assistant professor, later promoted to associate professor, at Dalhousie Law School from 1983 to 1991. During this time, he served for six years as Director of the federal government's Civil Law-Common Law Exchange Program. <mask> was active in the Canadian Association of Law Teachers, including as Chair of a Special Advisory Committee on Equality in Legal Education, which produced the report Equality in Legal Education: Sharing a Vision, Creating the Pathways. His main teaching and scholarly focus was in administrative and public law. From 1990 to 1993, he was the administrative law editor of the Supreme Court Law Review.<mask> was Dean of Law at the University of New Brunswick from 1991 to 1996. As dean, he led the establishment of the $1.5 million Heritage Fund on the occasion of the law school's centenary in 1991–92. During this period, UNB's law faculty became known as "Canada's great small law school," a title it retains today. In 1993–94, <mask> was chair of the university-wide faculty-staff component of UNB's Venture Campaign, launching what became a successful $40 million initiative. From 1997 to 1999, <mask> served as founding director of UNB's multi-disciplinary Centre for Property Studies. UPEI President In 1999, <mask> was appointed as the fifth president of the University of Prince Edward Island, the first PEI native to serve in the role. At the time of his appointment, MacLauchlan said, "We can be as great as any university in this country.We may not be as big, but we can be as good." With declining youth populations, enrolment was identified as a challenge for UPEI and other Atlantic universities. At the outset, MacLauchlan suggested a target of increasing full-time student enrolment to 2700 students (at the time, FT enrolment was 2450.) That target was surpassed within two years; UPEI had more than 2850 full-time students in 2001–02. By 2010–11, enrolment at UPEI grew to just under 4000 full-time students. This reflected increased numbers of students from Prince Edward Island and elsewhere in Canada, in conjunction with a five-fold increase in both international students and students enrolled in graduate programs. During these years, UPEI's standing in the annual Maclean's University Rankings rose from #18 (of 21) among Primarily Undergraduate universities in 2000 to #5 (of 21) in 2006 and was consistently in the top 10.A second target identified by <mask> when he became UPEI president was to double the amount of funding for research and development (in 1999, external research funding was $2 million annually.) By 2002, external research funding at UPEI increased to $5.2 million. Total annual research funding further increased by more than 150% to $13.2 million between 2002 and 2007, earning UPEI recognition as the top Canadian undergraduate university for research funding growth during the five-year period. Beginning in 2002, <mask> served as co-chair of a Technology Roadmap Steering Committee that brought together leaders from industry with university scientists, government funding partners and representatives of the federal National Research Council to secure funding approval in 2003 for the establishment of the NRC's Institute of NutriSciences and Health on the UPEI campus. Other signal research achievements included the establishment of a number of prestigious Canada Research Chairs (CRCs). By 2008, UPEI had been awarded six CRCs. In 2009 UPEI secured one of only ten inaugural Canada Excellence Research Chairs awarded to universities across Canada, in the relatively new discipline of aquatic epidemiology.Growth the research and development portfolio at UPEI and the Atlantic Veterinary College coincided with expansion of graduate programs in a range of disciplines, with enrolments increasing from 53 graduate students in 1999–2000 to 260 graduate students in 2011–12. Teaching and learning remained a top priority and area of excellence for UPEI. MacLauchlan committed to be in the classroom to teach as many UPEI students as possible. He did so by teaching students in English 101 classes about the importance of writing and by offering guest lectures in other first year and upper year courses. UPEI continued to demonstrate a commitment to teaching and learning through faculty members being recognized with an impressive number of regional and national teaching awards. In 2003, UPEI created the Webster Centre for Teaching and Learning. When <mask> completed his eleven-year term as president in 2011, his service was recognized through the creation of two new series of student awards.Up to sixty MacLauchlan Prizes for Effective Writing are presented annually to UPEI students who excel in coursework writing across the disciplines or in community-oriented writing. The H. <mask>lan Raised Expectations Awards go to the Grade 12 graduating student from each P.E.I. high school who demonstrates the greatest improvement in academic achievement from Grade 10 to the completion of Grade 12 and who goes on to study at UPEI. MacLauchlan encountered criticism from the Canadian Society for Academic Freedom and Scholarship for a 2006 decision to halt distribution on campus of an edition of the student newspaper, The Cadre, which reprinted controversial cartoons of Muhammad published in a Danish newspaper in September 2005. The UPEI Student Union, the owner of the Cadre, initially supported the newspaper's decision to publish the cartoons, but after meetings with MacLauchlan and other student groups, offered an apology to the PEI Muslim community and rounded up the remaining copies of the newspaper. In the fall of 2010, MacLauchlan led vocal opposition to an initiative by the PEI government that proposed to amend the University Act to permit the creation of additional university-status institutions in the province, specifically to permit developer Richard Homburg to create a degree-granting real estate university. The provincial government decided against proceeding with the controversial changes.<mask>'s presidency was a period of major infrastructure development at UPEI. The first major project was a much-needed new Student Centre located at the front of campus. This was followed by new and refurbished residences, a new school of business, a complex for applied health sciences, a major expansion of the veterinary college, the NRC institute and research complex, a major community-university arena and aquatics facility, new playing fields and a track and field facility for the 2009 Canada Summer Games, and an overall upgrade of campus grounds and facilities in accordance with a first-ever Campus Master Plan. <mask> took pride in saying that these infrastructure improvements were achieved while leaving UPEI with no unfunded debt, reflecting the considerable public and private funding contributions secured under his leadership. <mask> served a number of years as an executive member of the Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada (AUCC) and as a member and Chair of AUCC's Standing Advisory Committee on International Relations. As UPEI president, <mask> served as a member of the Executive of the Association of Atlantic Universities including twice as Chair of the AAU. He served on the Board of Atlantic University Sport, including five years as Chair.When <mask> was in his eleventh year as UPEI president, he was interviewed by Gordon Pitts of the Globe and Mail on the subject of leadership. <mask> responded to a question from Pitts about the role of universities in economic growth by saying, "It's never been more important to do what we do and do more of it – in terms of moving to the emerging economy and what will pay the bills in the 21st century." In concluding the interview, Pitts asked, "What is your legacy?" MacLauchlan responded, "Higher expectation. It wouldn't have been uncommon if you talked to Grade 12 students in PEI 15 years ago, to hear them say, 'I'm just going to UPEI.' The 'just' is gone now." In 2015, when <mask> was interviewed by the national university publication University Affairs about legacies, following a presentation to current university presidents, he had this to say, "I think the overall piece is raised expectations.It's not [from] me alone, of course. It comes through a collective effort and you have to get your timing right. By raised expectations I mean for students, professors and the community to see a greater role for the university, to see a greater opportunity to achieve and, ultimately, to be able to measure how others see you." After UPEI & Author After completing his 12-year term as UPEI's longest-serving president, MacLauchlan retired from the University at the end of 2011 and was named President Emeritus. He stayed active in public affairs and debates. In a January 2013 opinion essay in the Charlottetown Guardian entitled "P.E.I. needs immigration and a population strategy," MacLauchlan emphasized a sense of urgency, saying "As things are currently lined up, P.E.I.faces two demographic certainties: there will be fewer of us, and we will be older. These are both barriers to growth." Later in the op-ed, <mask> said, "If P.E.I. 's history could be summed up in three words, it would be: 'Grow or go.' Without opportunities to grow and prosper, people leave." <mask> became a member of the "Connectors" Committee of the Greater Charlottetown Chamber of Commerce and served as co-chair of the 2013 Georgetown Conference, held in Georgetown, PEI on October 3–5, 2013 and dedicated to the theme Redefining Rural. The Georgetown Conference was founded by Paul MacNeil, publisher of the Eastern Graphic, and developed under the umbrella of Newspapers Atlantic, a regional association representing 70 predominately rural community newspapers, with a combined weekly circulation of 730,000.The Conference attracted delegates from communities throughout the four Atlantic Provinces and speakers from across Canada, aiming to develop action plans and networks to promote rural revitalization and sustainability of rural communities throughout the region. <mask>'s main activity during the post-UPEI period was to research, write and publish the political biography of Alex B. Campbell, who was PEI's longest-serving premier from 1966 to 1978. Alex B. Campbell: The Prince Edward Island Premier Who Rocked the Cradle was released in print edition in May 2014. In researching the book, <mask> conducted more than 70 interviews with political and bureaucratic actors from the period, as well as family and friends of Alex B. Campbell. He spent many hours interviewing Campbell himself and sifted through thousands of archival documents, photographs and public media records. In November 2014, an audio version of the book, recorded primarily by MacLauchlan, with passages from actor Gracie Finley, artistic director Duncan McIntosh and with Alex B. Campbell reading from his speeches and singing. In November 2012, <mask> was elected as a councillor of the rural Municipality of North Shore.He was re-elected by acclamation in November 2014. From 2013 to 2015, <mask> served as a board member of the Federation of Municipalities of Prince Edward Island. From 2008 to 2015, MacLauchlan served as a director of Medavie Inc. and Medavie Health Services. In 2009, he became a director of the Medavie Health Foundation, later serving as chair of the Foundation, which grew to a $50 million fund embracing child and youth mental health and Type-2 diabetes as its two core areas of support. In 2012, <mask> was named a director of the Windsor Foundation, one of the largest and longest-established private foundations in Atlantic Canada. In 2013–14, MacLauchlan led a fundraising initiative that exceeded its $2 million goal and allowed the CHANCES Family Centre to pay off the mortgage on its central facility, named in honour of Hon. Catherine Callbeck.PEI Premier On 13 November 2014, Liberal premier Robert Ghiz unexpectedly announced that he would resign upon the selection of a new Liberal leader. Two weeks later, <mask> was joined at the North Shore Community Centre in his home community by 19 of 23 Liberal caucus members for the announcement that he would be a candidate for the party leadership. He declared, "We have challenges: fiscal, economic, demographic, environmental and others," and said that he wanted to lead a government that would square up to those challenges and a province that he offered to serve as "optimist-in-chief." He was the sole candidate at the close of nominations on January 20, 2015 and was acclaimed leader on February 21, 2015. In his acceptance speech to the leadership convention, MacLauchlan emphasized economic growth, demographic change, and open government, telling the audience, "Prosperity starts with growing our economy." <mask> was sworn in as the 32nd Premier of Prince Edward Island, on February 23, 2015. In addition to serving as premier, <mask> assumed the roles of Minister of Finance and Energy, as well as Minister of Intergovernmental, Aboriginal and Francophone Affairs in an eight-member cabinet.Questions of ethics and government accountability that had dogged the Liberal administration of Robert Ghiz became issues for <mask>'s government from its first weeks in office. The Ghiz government's initiative to establish PEI as an e-gaming jurisdiction and efforts to create a financial hub were kept in the limelight by newly selected PC leader Rob Lantz and by investigative journalists. MacLauchlan asked PEI's auditor-general to review the matters and introduced conflict-of-interest reforms aimed at improving government transparency and accountability, saying the province needed to restore public confidence and trust. <mask> led the Liberals to a majority in a May 4, 2015 general election, winning 18 of 27 seats in the PEI Legislative Assembly. The Progressive Conservative party increased its standing to 8 seats and the Green party elected its first-ever Island MLA. <mask> was elected as MLA for York-Oyster Bed, a seat previously held by his chief of staff Robert Vessey. The Liberal platform built on the theme "Let's Work Together" and around the pillars "People, Prosperity, Engagement," promising aggressive business development initiatives, as well as a first-ever arts and culture strategy and a population action plan.The new cabinet saw a mix of seasoned and first-time ministers, with MacLauchlan taking on the role of Minister of Justice and Attorney General in the place of the Finance portfolio. The Legislature met for a June sitting, which included the adoption of the 2015–16 provincial budget and tabling of a white paper on democratic renewal. One of the first acts of the new government, prior to the legislative sitting, was to announce that PEI would fund abortions on a self-referral basis through an agreement with Moncton Hospital. This was considered "big news for the Island but a small first step" by abortion-rights advocates. In March 2016, the PEI government announced, in response to a constitutional challenge, the creation of a self-referring Women's Health Centre that would offer abortions on the Island for the first time in almost forty years, along with a range of reproductive health services. An early challenge for the MacLauchlan government was the need to install new power transmission cables under the Northumberland Strait between New Brunswick and PEI, to expand the capacity of existing 40 year-old cables and address concerns about their age and condition. MacLauchlan described this as the province's top infrastructure priority but was unwilling to settle for the maximum funding of $50 million offered by the Harper federal government toward what eventually became a $142.5 million project.After the 2015 federal election, the Trudeau government agreed to share the cost. When the project was completed in August 2017, MacLauchlan said it meant "an energy system for Prince Edward Island that is reliable, affordable and increasingly renewable." A plebiscite on electoral reform in November 2016 cost the MacLauchlan government political capital, as did a school review conducted in the winter of 2017. On the recommendation of an all-party legislative committee, the electoral reform plebiscite offered Islanders five choices through a preferential voting or ranked-ballot system. After four rounds, the majority of votes (52.4%) were cast in favour of mixed member proportional representation [MMP]. Because participation in the plebiscite was very low by PEI standards at 36.46%, the <mask> government introduced legislation to have the matter settled through a yes-or-no referendum on MMP to be held in conjunction with the 2019 provincial election. While the referendum eventually went against MMP, the process "turned what was a dormant issue into a lightning rod of general public frustration."In the fall of 2016 and winter of 2017, a periodic review of school zoning and populations by the PEI Public Schools Branch attracted considerable public opposition to the proposed closure of five schools. At the conclusion of the process, the trustees recommended to cabinet that two of the five schools be closed but the government opted to keep the schools open. <mask> said the decision was guided by a "learner-centred" approach. The PC opposition called the process a "sham". <mask> responded that the review had resulted in a commitment to the "development and growth of our communities and our population in all parts of this province." <mask>'s two main priorities in government were to expand and diversify the PEI economy and grow and rejuvenate the province's population. From 2015 to 2019, PEI led all provinces for economic growth, expanding by a cumulative 16 per cent in real terms over the five years, while the total Canadian economy grew by 9 per cent during the same period.These gains translated into significant growth in employment. From May 2015 to December 2019, PEI saw the creation of 8,500 new full-time jobs, equal to 14.2% of the local labour market. The growth came predominantly in the private sector, with substantial increases in manufacturing, construction, agriculture, fisheries, tourism, transportation and wholesale trade. The economic and job growth came with increased population. For each year from 2015–16 through 2018–19, PEI led all provinces for rates of growth for population and immigration. PEI's population grew by 9 per cent from 144,546 in 2015 to 156,947 in 2019. For the first time since 1968, the median age of Prince Edward Islanders declined.After watching its median age increase without exception from 1969 to 2016, rising from 25 to 44, PEI became the only Canadian province to see its median age decrease for three consecutive years, dropping to 43.2 in 2019. PEI's population growth and rejuvenation brought with it an increased demand for housing. In the fall of 2013, PEI's rental vacancy rate was 7.1%. By the end of 2018, PEI had the lowest rental vacancy rate in Canada, at 0.2%, causing many to refer to the situation as a housing crisis. In March 2018, the MacLauchlan government released a five-year Housing Action Plan, developed in conjunction with a provincial Housing Supply Task Force appointed in late 2017. The Action Plan committed to a range of programs and partnerships, including investments in new affordable housing for the first time since the early 1990s and a tripling of income-sensitive rent supplements. In 2019, a record number of new residential units were constructed, and the provincial rental vacancy rate rose to 1.2%.Some of the major initiatives of the <mask> government included passage of PEI's first-ever Water Act, which some commentators said could be a model for the rest of the country, and a new Municipal Government Act replacing legislation first adopted in 1947. A new Business Corporations Act and registry replaced a Companies Act with origins in the 1880s. The province undertook its first comprehensive review of policing in decades, and a new Education Act replaced legislation from the early 1970s. In the area of open government, Prince Edward Island adopted its first-ever whistle-blower protection legislation, a lobbyist registry and the modernization of limits on political contributions. Energy and climate change were prominent issues during <mask>'s time as premier, starting with meetings of Canada's premiers in the summer of 2015 that finalized the Canadian Energy Strategy. A November 2015 meeting of first ministers, the first in seven years, was a prelude to participation in the December 2015 conference that produced the Paris Agreement among 196 state parties. First ministers meetings in Vancouver in March 2016 and Ottawa in December moved toward the Pan Canadian Agreement on Clean Energy and Climate Change.Building on an extensive research and consultation, PEI released a ten-year Provincial Energy Strategy in March 2016, and a 32-point Climate Change Action Plan in May 2018. The <mask> government introduced extensive programs and incentives aimed at achieving greater energy efficiency. PEI was one of only three provinces to achieve reduced GHG emissions from 2017 to 2018, with a 1.5 per cent decline in emissions, despite a 2.1 per cent increase in population and a 2.8 per cent increase in economic growth over 2017. When he became Liberal party leader and during the 2015 election campaign, <mask>lan made a commitment to lead a government would "live within its means." After running a $13 million deficit in 2015–16, PEI had balanced budgets that turned into historic surpluses of $75 million in 2017–18 and $57 million in 2018–19. Over a four-year period, there were investments totalling $750 million by all levels of government in public infrastructure in Prince Edward Island. The province's share of these capital investments was financed without increasing the provincial net debt and while reducing the province's debt-to-GDP ratio from 36.7% in 2015 to 30.5% in 2019, leaving PEI with the lowest debt-to-GDP ratio of any province east of Saskatchewan.In August 2020, the bond rating agency DBRS upgraded PEI's credit rating for the first time in two decades. These results were achieved while annual budgets extended tax relief measures and increased program funding, with the significant majority of new expenditure going toward enhanced social programs, education and health care. MacLauchlan's Liberals trailed in the polls going in to the 2019 provincial election. The environment was uncertain with the recent selection of Dennis King as Progressive Conservative leader in February 2019 and the suspension of campaigning during the final weekend as a result of the tragic death of Green party candidate Josh Underhay. The theme of the MacLauchlan Liberals' platform was, "PEI is Working; Let's Keep Working." With slightly less than normal voter turnout for PEI at under 80%, the election resulted in PEI's first minority government in more than a century. The Progressive Conservatives captured 12 seats (later 13, with the results of the deferred election) and 37% of the vote, the Greens 8 seats and 31%, and the Liberals 6 seats and 30%.<mask> lost by 104 votes in his district of Stanhope-Marshfield and announced two days later that he would step down as Liberal party leader upon selection of an interim leader. Personal life, Community involvement, Honours and awards <mask> was the first openly gay Premier of Prince Edward Island, and the first openly gay man to be premier of a province. He lives with his partner, theatrical director and entrepreneur Duncan McIntosh, in West Covehead, PEI, the neighbouring community to his native Stanhope. <mask> was the first person in Canada to be a member of the Order of Canada prior to leading a government, having been inducted as a member of Order in 2008. In 2014, he was named to the Order of Prince Edward Island. In 2010, he received the Lieutenant Governor's Institute of Public Administration of Canada Award for Excellence in Public Administration. In 2013, <mask> was an inaugural recipient of the Frank McKenna Award for outstanding contributions to public policy by Atlantic Canadians conferred by the Public Policy Forum of Canada.He is the first person to have become a Member of the Order of Canada prior to becoming a provincial premier. MacLauchlan has served on various national and regional organizations. He served as Vice-President of the Canadian Institute for the Administration of Justice; as an executive member of the Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada (AUCC) and Chair of AUCC's Standing Advisory Committee on International Relations; as board member of the Public Policy Forum of Canada; as board member of the Atlantic Provinces Economic Council (APEC); as a member of the Atlantic Gateway Advisory Council; as executive member and Chair of the Association of Atlantic Universities (AAU); and, as board member and Chair of Atlantic University Sport (AUS). While premier, MacLauchlan served as Chair of the Council of the Federation in 2015 and Chair of the New England Governors and Eastern Canadian Premiers in 2017. MacLauchlan chaired the founding committee of the Palmer Conference on Public Sector Leadership and was actively involved, including as Chair, with the first three Palmer Conferences: Public Servants and their Relationships with Politicians and the Media (2010), Developing a Canadian Energy Strategy (2011), and Canadian Immigration Law and Policy (2012). Prior to getting into political life, <mask> was a board member of the Windsor Foundation and as an inaugural director and later Chair of the Medavie Health Foundation, which identified child and youth mental health and Type-2 diabetes as priority areas for support. While at UNB, MacLauchlan was a founding director of the Muriel McQueen Fergusson Foundation for Eliminating Family Violence and chaired the committee for the.150th Anniversary of the Law Society of New Brunswick. While at Dalhousie, he served on the board of the Dalhousie Legal Aid Clinic and was a founding member of the Nova Scotia chapter of Lawyers for Social Responsibility. <mask> has been involved in various business endeavours, including family businesses and as an investor in several start-up technology firms based on PEI. He is a director of Anne in China Inc., which translated Anne of Green Gables into Mandarin and published it in China in 2011. The book was shortlisted by the country's national publishers' association as one of the most influential novels published in China in 2012. He is director and president of a local land development company, Covehead Development Inc. See also List of openly LGBT heads of government List of the first LGBT holders of political offices in Canada References 1954 births Living people Prince Edward Island Liberal Party leaders Premiers of Prince Edward Island Gay politicians LGBT governors and heads of sub-national entities Male biographers Members of the Executive Council of Prince Edward Island Members of the Order of Canada Members of the Order of Prince Edward Island Canadian biographers Canadian male non-fiction writers University of Prince Edward Island University of New Brunswick alumni University of New Brunswick faculty Dalhousie University faculty Yale Law School alumni Canadian university and college chief executives Canadian LGBT people in provincial and territorial legislatures Prince Edward Island Liberal Party MLAs Gay academics Canadian gay writers People from Queens County, Prince Edward Island Writers from Prince Edward Island 21st-century Canadian politicians

H<mask> CM OPEI was born on December 10, 1954. He was the fifth president of the University of Prince Edward Island from 1999 to 2011. He was the 32nd premier of Prince Edward Island. His government was defeated in the general election. <mask> announced his intention to step down as Liberal leader on April 26, 2019. The third of five children of Harry and <mask>, <mask> was born on December 10, 1954. The first Scottish settlers arrived on the ship "Falmouth" in June 1770.The <mask>'s were early residents of Stanhope and had a large extended family in the area. <mask> was born into an entrepreneurial family. The family lived in an apartment above a country general store where his father started in 1946, at the age of nineteen. Through the 1960s, Harry and <mask> were involved in a number of ventures. By the age of 10, <mask> and his cousin were selling The Guardian in the morning and The Evening Patriot in the afternoon. The most important thing in business is to know what you're talking about, and that's what his father told him when he told him about the business venture. <mask>'s parents went on to other ventures, including MacLauchlan's Motel in Charlottetown, expanding the heavy construction business, and getting into cable television, golf courses, oil and gas distribution, and real estate.<mask> worked in many of the ventures, such as weighing and salting fish, building golf course greens, and carrying suitcases. He was a guide on cross-Canada bus tours in the summer of 1974 when he was 19 years old. <mask> went from the two-room school at Stanhope to study at Charlottetown Rural High after completing his first eight years of education. <mask> was involved in student politics as vice-president of Student Council and chair of the organizing committee for the Winter Carnival. <mask> was nominated by his high school teachers to serve as a page in the legislature for two years in 1970 and 1971 at the height of the Comprehensive Development Plan. <mask> received a Bachelor of Business Administration degree from the University of Prince Edward Island, followed by a Bachelor of Laws degree from the University of NewBrunswick and a Master of Laws degree from Yale University. He was an elected student representative on the University Senate.<mask> received the Owen MacDonald Memorial Award, presented to a graduate by the senior class for excellence and outstanding contribution to the class, after graduating in 1976. <mask> was elected to serve for two terms on the Law Faculty Council at the UNB Law School and was awarded the Lieutenant Governor's medal on graduation. MacLauchlan received the O'Brien Scholarship and the Yale Law Scholarship. <mask> took a double gap year after graduating from UPEI. He worked as a road construction labourer in Northern Quebec, as a hotel clerk at Jasper Park Lodge, as a roughneck on an oil rig in west-central Alberta, and as a volunteer recycler in southern France. <mask> was the sole law clerk for Justice W.Z. at the Supreme Court of Canada after graduating from UNB Law. Estey.In September of 1981 the Supreme Court delivered opinions in the famous patriiation reference. The Court's decision paved the way for the patriation of the Canadian constitution, the adoption of the Constitution Act, 1982, and the creation of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. <mask> was promoted to associate professor at the law school in 1991. He was the Director of the federal government's Civil Law-Common Law Exchange Program for six years. The report Equality in Legal Education: Sharing a Vision, Creating the Pathways was produced by MacLauchlan as Chair of the Special Advisory Committee on Equality in Legal Education. His focus was on administrative and public law. He was the administrative law editor of the Supreme Court Law Review from 1990 to 1993.<mask> was the Dean of Law at the university. On the occasion of the law school's 100th anniversary in 1991, he led the establishment of the Heritage Fund. UNB's law faculty became known as "Canada's great small law school" during this time. A successful $40 million initiative was launched in 1993 by <mask> as chair of the university-wide faculty-staff component of UNB's Venture Campaign. <mask> was the founding director of UNB's Centre for Property Studies. <mask> was the first native of Prince Edward Island to serve as president of the University of Prince Edward Island. At the time of his appointment, <mask> said, "We can be as great as any university in this country."We can be as good even if we aren't as big. UPEI was identified as a challenge with declining youth populations. MacLauchlan had a target of increasing full-time student enrolee to 2500 students. UPEI had more than 2850 full-time students in 2001. In 2010–11, the number of full-time students at UPEI grew to over 3000. There was an increase in the number of students from Prince Edward Island and elsewhere in Canada. UPEI's standing in the annual Maclean's University Rankings rose from 18th in 2000 to 5th in 2006 and was consistently in the top 10.In 1999, external research funding was $2 million annually, which was double the amount of funding identified by MacLauchlan when he became UPEI president. UPEI received $5.2 million in external research funding by 2002. UPEI was recognized as the top Canadian undergraduate university for research funding growth during the five-year period from 2002 to 2007, with total annual research funding increasing by more than 150%. <mask> served as co-chair of a Technology Roadmap Steering Committee that brought together leaders from industry with university scientists, government funding partners and representatives of the federal National Research Council to secure funding approval in 2003 for the establishment of the NRC's Institute of NutriSciences. The establishment of a number of prestigious Canada Research Chairs was one of the signal research achievements. UPEI was awarded six CRCs by the year 2008. One of only ten inaugural Canada excellence research chairs were awarded to UPEI in 2009, in the new discipline of aquatic epidemiology.The number of graduate students at the Atlantic Veterinary College increased from 53 in 1999 to 260 in 2011. The area of excellence for UPEI was teaching and learning. MacLauchlan wanted to teach as many students as possible. He taught students in English 101 classes about the importance of writing and guest lectured in other first year and upper year courses. Faculty members from UPEI were recognized with an impressive number of regional and national teaching awards. The Centre for Teaching and Learning was created by UPEI. <mask>'s service as president was recognized through the creation of two new student awards.Up to sixty MacLauchlan Prizes for Effective Writing are presented annually to UPEI students who excel in coursework writing across the disciplines. The H. <mask>lan raised expectations awards are given to graduating students from each P.E.I. The high school with the greatest improvement in academic achievement from Grades 10 to 12 goes on to study at UPEI. <mask> was criticized by the Canadian Society for Academic Freedom and Scholarship for his decision to stop distribution of the student newspaper, The Cadre, after it published cartoons of Muhammad. The Cadre, owned by the UPEI Student Union, initially supported the newspaper's decision to publish the cartoons, but after meeting with <mask> and other student groups, they offered an apology and rounded up the remaining copies of the newspaper. In the fall of 2010, MacLauchlan led vocal opposition to an initiative by the PEI government that proposed to amend the University Act to permit the creation of additional university-status institutions in the province, specifically to permit developer Richard Homburg to create a degree-granting real estate university. The changes were decided against by the provincial government.Major infrastructure development was a part of <mask>'s presidency. The new Student Centre is located at the front of the campus. New and refurbished residences, a new school of business, a complex for applied health sciences, a major expansion of the veterinary college, a major community-university arena and aquatics facility, new playing fields and a track and field facility were added. <mask> took pride in saying that these infrastructure improvements were achieved while leaving UPEI with no unfunded debt, reflecting the considerable public and private funding contributions secured under his leadership. <mask> was a member and Chair of the AUCC's Standing Advisory Committee on International Relations. <mask> served as a member of the Executive of the Association of Atlantic Universities twice as chair. He chaired the Board of Atlantic University Sport for five years.Gordon Pitts of the Globe and Mail interviewed <mask> on the subject of leadership when he was the president of UPEI. MacLauchlan said, "It's never been more important to do what we do and do more of it, in terms of moving to the emerging economy and what will pay the bills in the 21st century." In the end of the interview, Pitts asked, "What is your legacy?" MacLauchlan said it was higher expectation. 15 years ago, it wouldn't have been unusual to hear Grade 12 students say, 'I'm just going to UPEI.' The 'just' is gone. In 2015, when <mask> was interviewed by the national university publication University Affairs about legacies, he had this to say, "I think the overall piece is raised expectations."It's not from me alone. You have to get your timing right in order for it to come through a collective effort. I mean for students, professors and the community to see a greater role for the university, to see a greater opportunity to achieve and to be able to measure how others see you. After completing his 12-year term as UPEI's longest-serving president, <mask> retired from the University at the end of 2011. He was active in debates. The opinion essay in the Guardian was titled "P.E.I. MacLauchlan said that P.E.I. needs immigration and a population strategy.There will be fewer of us and we will be older. Both of these are obstacles to growth. <mask> said if P.E.I. The history could be summed up in three words. People leave because they don't have opportunities to grow and prosper. <mask> became a member of the "Connectors" Committee of the Greater Charlottetown Chamber of Commerce and served as co-chair of the Georgetown Conference, which was dedicated to the theme Redefining Rural. The Georgetown Conference was founded by Paul MacNeil, publisher of the Eastern Graphic, and developed under the umbrella of Newspapers Atlantic, a regional association representing 70 rural community newspapers with a combined weekly circulation of 730,000.The Conference attracted delegates from communities throughout the four Atlantic Provinces and speakers from across Canada, aiming to develop action plans and networks to promote rural revitalization. During the post-UPEI period, <mask> did research, write and publish a political biography of Alex B. Campbell, who was the longest-serving premier in the province's history. The Prince Edward Island premier who rocked the cradle was published in a print edition. MacLauchlan conducted more than 70 interviews with political and bureaucratic actors from the period, as well as family and friends of Alex B. Campbell. He combed through thousands of documents, photographs and public media records while interviewing Campbell. <mask> recorded an audio version of the book in November of last year. <mask> was elected to the rural Municipality of North Shore.He was re-elected by acclamation. <mask> was a board member of the Federation of Municipalities of Prince Edward Island. <mask> was a director of Medavie from 2008 to 2015. In 2009, he became a director of the Medavie Health Foundation, later serving as chair of the Foundation, which grew to a $50 million fund embracing child and youth mental health and Type-2 diabetes as its two core areas of support. The Windsor Foundation is one of the largest and longest-established private foundations in Atlantic Canada. The CHANCES Family Centre was able to pay off the mortgage on its central facility after <mask> led a fundraising initiative that exceeded its $2 million goal. Catherine Callbeck is a writer.Robert Ghiz, Liberal premier of Prince Edward Island, unexpectedly announced that he would resign upon the selection of a new Liberal leader. <mask> was joined at the North Shore Community Centre by 19 Liberal caucus members for the announcement that he would be a candidate for the party leadership. He said that he wanted to lead a government that would square up to the challenges of fiscal, economic, demographic, environmental and others and that he offered to serve as "optimist-in-chief." He was acclaimed leader on February 21, 2015, after he was the sole candidate at the close of nominations. MacLauchlan emphasized economic growth, demographic change, and open government in his acceptance speech. On February 23, 2015, <mask> was sworn in as the 32nd premier of Prince Edward Island. MacLauchlan assumed the roles of Minister of Finance and Energy and Minister of Intergovernmental, Aboriginal and Francophone Affairs in an eight-member cabinet after serving as premier.Questions of ethics and government accountability became an issue for the <mask>'s government from its first weeks in office. Rob Lantz, the newly selected PC leader, and investigative journalists kept the Ghiz government's efforts to create a financial hub in the spotlight. MacLauchlan asked the auditor-general to review the matters and introduce conflict-of-interest reforms to improve government transparency and accountability. <mask> led the Liberals to a majority in the May 4, 2015 general election. The Green party elected its first-ever Island MLA, while the Progressive Conservative party increased its standing to 8 seats. Robert Vessey was MacLauchlan's chief of staff and held the seat of York-Oyster Bed. The Liberal platform built on the theme "Let's Work Together" and around the pillars "People, Prosperity, Engagement," promising aggressive business development initiatives, as well as a first-ever arts and culture strategy and a population action plan.<mask> took on the role of Minister of Justice and Attorney General in place of the Finance portfolio in the new cabinet. The June sitting of the Legislature included the tabling of a white paper on democratic renewal and the adoption of the 2015–16 provincial budget. One of the first acts of the new government was to announce that the province would fund abortions on a self-referral basis. This was seen as a small first step by abortion-rights advocates. The creation of a self-referring Women's Health Centre that would offer abortions on the Island for the first time in almost forty years was announced by the government in March of 2016 in response to a constitutional challenge. To address concerns about their age and condition, the <mask> government had to install new power transmission cables under the Northumberland Strait. <mask> described this as the province's top infrastructure priority but was unwilling to accept the maximum funding of $50 million offered by the federal government.The Trudeau government agreed to share the cost after the election. When the project was completed in August of last year, MacLauchlan said it meant "an energy system for Prince Edward Island that is reliable, affordable and increasingly renewable." A referendum on electoral reform in November 2016 cost the MacLauchlan government political capital. A preferential voting or ranked-ballot system was recommended by an all-party legislative committee. The majority of votes were cast in favor of mixed member proportional representation. Legislation was introduced by the <mask> government in order to hold a referendum on MMP in conjunction with the provincial election in 2019. The process turned a "dormant issue into a lightning rod of general public frustration" after the referendum went against MMP.In the fall of 2016 and winter of 2017, the public DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch The government decided to keep the schools open despite the trustees' recommendation to close two of them. <mask> said the decision was guided by a learning approach. The process was called a "sham" by the PC opposition. MacLauchlan said that the review resulted in a commitment to the growth and development of the province. MacLauchlan's two main priorities in government were to grow the province's population and expand the economy. The total Canadian economy grew by 9 per cent over the five year period, while the total economic growth for all provinces was 16 per cent.Significant growth in employment was achieved by these gains. 8,500 new full-time jobs were created in the province from May 2015 to December 2019. The private sector grew the most, with increases in manufacturing, construction, agriculture, fisheries, tourism, transportation and wholesale trade. Increased population resulted in increased economic and job growth. The rate of growth for population and immigration was led by Prince Edward Island. The population grew by 9 per cent from 2015 to 2019. Since 1968, the median age of Prince Edward Islanders has declined.After watching its median age increase without exception from 1969 to 2016 it became the only Canadian province to see its median age decrease for three years in a row. The population growth and rejuvenation brought with it an increased demand for housing. The rental vacancy rate in the fall of 2013 was 7.1%. The situation was referred to as a housing crisis in the province because of the low rental vacancy rate. The <mask> government released a five-year Housing Action Plan in March of last year. The Action Plan committed to a range of programs and partnerships, including investments in new affordable housing for the first time since the early 1990s and a tripling of income-sensitive rent supplements. There were a record number of new residential units constructed in 2019.A new Municipal Government Act replacing legislation first adopted in 1947 was one of the major initiatives of the <mask> government. The Companies Act was replaced by a new Business Corporations Act. The first comprehensive review of policing in decades was undertaken by the province, as well as a new Education Act. The first-ever whistle-blower protection legislation, a lobbyist registry, and the modernization of limits on political contributions were adopted by Prince Edward Island. The Canadian Energy Strategy was finalized in the summer of 2015 after meetings of Canada's premiers. The first meeting of first ministers in seven years took place in November of 2015. The Pan Canadian Agreement on Clean Energy and Climate Change was the subject of first ministers meetings in March and December of last year.The Provincial Energy Strategy was released in March 2016 and the Climate Change Action Plan was released in May. The <mask> government introduced a number of programs to increase energy efficiency. Despite a 2.1 per cent increase in population and a 2.8 per cent increase in economic growth, there was a 1.5 per cent decline in GHG emissions from the year before to the year before. <mask> made a commitment to lead a government that would live within its means when he became the leader of the Liberal party. In the three years after running a $13 million deficit, the province had balanced budgets that turned into historic surpluses. All levels of government invested $750 million in public infrastructure in Prince Edward Island over a four-year period. While reducing the province's debt-to-GDP ratio from 36.7% in 2015 to 30.5% in 2019, the province's share of these capital investments was financed without increasing the provincial net debt.For the first time in two decades, the credit rating of Prince Edward Island was upgraded by a bond rating agency. While annual budgets extended tax relief measures and increased program funding, the majority of new expenditure went toward enhanced social programs, education and health care. MacLauchlan's Liberals were behind in the polls going into the election. The environment was uncertain with the recent selection of Dennis King as Progressive Conservative leader in February and the suspension of campaigning during the final weekend as a result of the tragic death of Green party candidate Josh Underhay. "PEI is Working; Let's Keep Working" was the theme of the MacLauchlan Liberals' platform. With less than normal voter turnout, the election resulted in the first minority government in more than a century. With the results of the deferred election, the Progressive Conservatives captured 12 seats and 37% of the vote, the Greens 8 seats and 31%, and the Liberals 6 seats and 30%.<mask> decided to step down as Liberal party leader after losing his district in Stanhope-Marshfield by 104 votes. <mask> was the first openly gay premier of Prince Edward Island and the first openly gay man to be premier of a province. He lives with his partner in West Covehead, a community that is close to his native Stanhope. <mask> was the first person in Canada to be a member of the Order of Canada before leading a government. He was appointed to the Order of Prince Edward Island. He received the Lieutenant Governor's Institute of Public Administration of Canada Award for excellence in public administration. <mask> was the first recipient of the Frank McKenna Award for outstanding contributions to public policy by Atlantic Canadians.Before becoming a provincial premier, he became a Member of the Order of Canada. <mask> has served in various organizations. He was a board member of the Public Policy Forum of Canada, as well as an executive member of the Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. <mask> was the chair of the New England Governors and the Eastern Canadian premiers. The first three Palmer Conferences: Public Servants and their Relationships with Politicians and the Media, Developing a Canadian Energy Strategy, and Canadian Immigration Law and Policy were chaired by MacLauchlan. <mask> was a board member of the Windsor Foundation and an inaugural director of the Medavie Health Foundation, which identified child and youth mental health and Type-2 diabetes as priority areas for support. <mask> was a founding director of the Foundation for Eliminating Family Violence and chaired the committee.The Law Society of NewBrunswick is celebrating its 150th anniversary. He was a founding member of the Nova Scotia chapter of Lawyers for Social Responsibility and served on the board of the Dalhousie Legal Aid Clinic. <mask> is an investor in several start-up technology firms based in Prince Edward Island. He is a director of Anne in China Inc., which published Anne of Green Gables in China. The book was one of the most influential novels in China in 2012 and was nominated by the country's national publishers' association. He is the president of Covehead Development Inc., a land development company.

4243096

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro%20G%C3%B3mez%20Labrador

Pedro Gómez Labrador

Pedro Gómez Labrador, 1st Marquess of Labrador (1755–1852) was a Spanish diplomat who served as Spain's representative at the Congress of Vienna (1814–1815). Labrador did not successfully advance his country's diplomatic goals at the conference. These goals included restoring the Bourbons (who had been deposed by Napoleon) to the thrones of Spain's old Italian possessions, and reestablishing control over Spanish South American colonies, which had risen in revolt during the Napoleonic invasion of Spain. The Marquess of Labrador is almost universally condemned by historians for his incompetence at the Congress. One standard Spanish history textbook condemns him for "...his mediocrity, his haughty character, and his total subordination to the whims of the king's inner circle, by which he achieved nothing favorable." Paul Johnson calls him "a caricature Spaniard who specialized in frantic rages, haughty silences and maladroit demarches." Labrador was born in Valencia de Alcántara, and studied at the traditionally conservative University of Salamanca. He received a bachelor's degree in law at the age of twenty-seven and an advanced degree four years later, and was named a judge on the Audiencia of Seville in 1793. In August 1798, Labrador was sent as chargé d'affaires in Florence by Charles IV of Spain to accompany Pius VI (r.1775–1799) in exile, when this pontiff was forced to become a prisoner of the French, following his refusal to surrender his temporal sovereignty to the French armies commanded by General Louis Alexandre Berthier. At the death of Pius VI, Labrador was named Minister Plenipotentiary to the Papal States, and later served at Florence, capital of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Etruria. The liberal deputies of the national assembly based in Cádiz (1810–1813) took him to be one of their own, and gave him the vital post of Minister of State, a decision they would quickly regret: "[Labrador was] dim, prolix, of pride and arrogance that trod the limits of fatuity, and of peculiar pedantry." But he was no liberal. He assisted Ferdinand VII in abolishing the liberal constitution of 1812, and was awarded with the duty of representing Spain at the peace conferences of Paris and Vienna, with the full rank and title of Ambassador. At the Congress, the Marquess of Labrador was outmaneuvered by experienced diplomats such as Talleyrand and Metternich. Labrador's entreaties on behalf of the devolution of the former Spanish possession of Louisiana from the United States were roundly ignored. The Austrians blocked plans that would have made Spain a special ally of the Holy See; the British likewise rejected Spain's territorial claims against Portugal. The British particularly were exasperated with their Spanish ally and her representative. "It is somewhat singular in itself," Castlereagh would write, "that the only two Courts with which we find it difficult to do business are those of the Peninsula." In his opinion of Labrador, the Duke of Wellington, Castlereagh's replacement at Vienna and an experienced judge of truculent hidalgos, was more direct: "The most stupid man I ever came across." Labrador was a man, according to the Spanish Minister of State José García de León y Pizarro "...of little amiability [and of] few or no dinners or gatherings." And in this apogee of drawing-room diplomacy, this was fatal. Labrador could in fact rely neither on his choleric personality to repair any relations, personal or diplomatic, nor on a salary that his cash-strapped government never paid him, to arrange any social gatherings at his residence on the Minoritten Platz, the Palais Pálffy. "He did not even figure," his biographer assures us, "as a protagonist in any of the many amorous adventures [that occurred during the Congress]"; the most exciting social event Labrador seems to have attended was a wax figures production in the Christmastide of 1814. Spain did not sign the Final Act of the Congress of June 9, 1815, for Labrador's proposal to attach reservations to the act concerning the rights of the Italian Bourbons was soundly disregarded. Labrador registered a protest against several of the Congress resolutions, including that concerning the restitution of Olivenza. With only the restoration of picayune Lucca as a Bourbon-Parma duchy to show for her efforts, and represented by a man overwhelmed with his charge ("I must have the face of a favorite aunt [for] everyone is coming to me with their troubles"), Spain's status as a second-rate power was confirmed. Spain finally accepted the treaty on 7 May 1817. Labrador's long life ended tragically: he would eventually lose his position in the diplomatic service, his wife, his sight, his judgment, and his fortune. High street fashion designer Hannah Sharpe has named a clothing range after Labrador. The range has a 19th-century Spanish influence called simply el Marqués de Labrador. Notes Ernesto Jimenez Navarro, La Historia de España (Madrid: Compañia Bibliografica Española, S.A., 1946), 506. Paul Johnson, The Birth of the Modern: World Society 1815-1830 (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1991), 99. Wenceslao Ramírez de Villa-Urrutia, Marqués de Villa-Urrutia, España en el Congreso de Viena según la correspondencia de D. Pedro Gómez Labrador, Marqués de Labrador. Segunda Edición Corregida y Aumentada (Madrid: Francisco Beltrán, 1928), 28. Harold Nicolson, The Congress of Vienna: A Study in Allied Unity 1812-1822 (New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1946), 208-9. Johnson, Birth of the Modern, 99. Vicente Palacio Atard, Manual de Historia de España, vol. 4. Edad Contemporánea I: 1808-1898 (Madrid: Espasa Calpe, 1978), 106. Villa-Urrutia, España en el Congreso de Viena, 124. His biographer is also of the opinion that Labrador was jealous of Talleyrand and Metternich for their well-known aptitude for womanizing. Antonio Rodríguez-Moñino (ed.), Cartas Políticas (Badajoz: Imprenta Provincial, 1959), 31 (Letter XIII, September 23, 1814). Sources Alsop, Susan Mary. The Congress Dances. New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1984. Palacio Atard, Vicente. Manual de Historia de España, vol. 4. Edad Contemporánea I: 1808-1898. Madrid: Espasa Calpe, 1978. Bergamini, John D. The Spanish Bourbons. The History of a Tenacious Dynasty. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1974. Bernard, J. F. Talleyrand: A Biography. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1973. Carr, Raymond. Spain 1808-1939. London: Oxford University Press, 1966. Cortada, James W. (editor). Spain in the Nineteenth-Century World. Essays on Spanish Diplomacy, 1789-1898. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1994. Espronceda, José de. Poesías Líricas y Fragmentos Épicos. Edición, introducción y notas de Robert Marrast. Madrid: Clásicos Castalia, 1970. Tuñón de Lara, Manuel. La España del Siglo XIX- 1808-1914. París: Club del Libro Español, 1961. Ramirez de Villa-Urrutia, Wenceslao, Marqués de Villa-Urrutia. España en el Congreso de Viena según la correspondencia de D. Pedro Gómez Labrador, Marqués de Labrador. Segunda Edición Corregida y Aumentada. Madrid: Francisco Beltrán, 1928. Freksa, Frederick (compiler). A Peace Conference of Intrigue: A Vivid, Intimate Account of the Congress of Vienna Composed of the Personal Memoirs of its Important Participants. Translated and With an Introduction and Notes by Harry Hansen. New York: The Century Co., 1919. Gaya Nuño, Juan Antonio. Historia del Museo del Prado (1819-1969). León: Editorial Everest, 1969. Herold, J. Christopher. The Age of Napoleon. New York: American Heritage Publishing Co., Inc., 1963. Jimenez Navarro, Ernesto. La Historia de España. Madrid: Compañia Bibliografica Española, S.A., 1946. Johnson, Paul. The Birth of the Modern: World Society 1815-1830. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1991. Lockhart, J. G. The Peacemakers 1814-1815. London: Duckworth, 1932. Lovett, Gabriel H. Napoleon and the Birth of Modern Spain. The Challenge to the Old Order. Two Volumes. New York: New York University Press, 1965. Marin Correa, Manuel (editor). Historia de España. Ultimos Austrias y primeros Borbones. De Carlos IV a Isabel II. Barcelona: Editorial Marin, S.A., 1975. Muir, Rory. Britain and the Defeat of Napoleon 1807-1815. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1996. Nicolson, Harold. The Congress of Vienna: A Study in Allied Unity 1812-1822. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1946. Regla, Juan (editor). Historia de España Ilustrada. Barcelona: Editorial Ramon Sopena, S.A., 1978. Rodríguez-Moñino, Antonio (editor). Cartas Políticas del Marqués de Labrador, París-Viena, 1814. Badajoz: Imprenta Provincial, 1959. Spiel, Hilde (editor). The Congress of Vienna: An Eyewitness Account. Translated from the German by Richard H. Weber. New York: Chilton Book Company, 1968. Webster, Sir Charles. The Congress of Vienna 1814-1815. London: Thames and Hudson, 1969. 1755 births 1852 deaths People from the Province of Cáceres Spanish diplomats Marquesses of Labrador Politicians from Extremadura Knights of the Golden Fleece University of Salamanca alumni

<mask>, 1st Marquess of Labrador (1755–1852) was a Spanish diplomat who served as Spain's representative at the Congress of Vienna (1814–1815). <mask> did not successfully advance his country's diplomatic goals at the conference. These goals included restoring the Bourbons (who had been deposed by Napoleon) to the thrones of Spain's old Italian possessions, and reestablishing control over Spanish South American colonies, which had risen in revolt during the Napoleonic invasion of Spain. The Marquess of Labrador is almost universally condemned by historians for his incompetence at the Congress. One standard Spanish history textbook condemns him for "...his mediocrity, his haughty character, and his total subordination to the whims of the king's inner circle, by which he achieved nothing favorable." Paul Johnson calls him "a caricature Spaniard who specialized in frantic rages, haughty silences and maladroit demarches." <mask> was born in Valencia de Alcántara, and studied at the traditionally conservative University of Salamanca.He received a bachelor's degree in law at the age of twenty-seven and an advanced degree four years later, and was named a judge on the Audiencia of Seville in 1793. In August 1798, <mask> was sent as chargé d'affaires in Florence by Charles IV of Spain to accompany Pius VI (r.1775–1799) in exile, when this pontiff was forced to become a prisoner of the French, following his refusal to surrender his temporal sovereignty to the French armies commanded by General Louis Alexandre Berthier. At the death of Pius VI, <mask> was named Minister Plenipotentiary to the Papal States, and later served at Florence, capital of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Etruria. The liberal deputies of the national assembly based in Cádiz (1810–1813) took him to be one of their own, and gave him the vital post of Minister of State, a decision they would quickly regret: "[<mask> was] dim, prolix, of pride and arrogance that trod the limits of fatuity, and of peculiar pedantry." But he was no liberal. He assisted Ferdinand VII in abolishing the liberal constitution of 1812, and was awarded with the duty of representing Spain at the peace conferences of Paris and Vienna, with the full rank and title of Ambassador. At the Congress, the Marquess of Labrador was outmaneuvered by experienced diplomats such as Talleyrand and Metternich.<mask>'s entreaties on behalf of the devolution of the former Spanish possession of Louisiana from the United States were roundly ignored. The Austrians blocked plans that would have made Spain a special ally of the Holy See; the British likewise rejected Spain's territorial claims against Portugal. The British particularly were exasperated with their Spanish ally and her representative. "It is somewhat singular in itself," Castlereagh would write, "that the only two Courts with which we find it difficult to do business are those of the Peninsula." In his opinion of <mask>, the Duke of Wellington, Castlereagh's replacement at Vienna and an experienced judge of truculent hidalgos, was more direct: "The most stupid man I ever came across." <mask> was a man, according to the Spanish Minister of State José García de León y Pizarro "...of little amiability [and of] few or no dinners or gatherings." And in this apogee of drawing-room diplomacy, this was fatal.<mask> could in fact rely neither on his choleric personality to repair any relations, personal or diplomatic, nor on a salary that his cash-strapped government never paid him, to arrange any social gatherings at his residence on the Minoritten Platz, the Palais Pálffy. "He did not even figure," his biographer assures us, "as a protagonist in any of the many amorous adventures [that occurred during the Congress]"; the most exciting social event <mask> seems to have attended was a wax figures production in the Christmastide of 1814. Spain did not sign the Final Act of the Congress of June 9, 1815, for <mask>'s proposal to attach reservations to the act concerning the rights of the Italian Bourbons was soundly disregarded. <mask> registered a protest against several of the Congress resolutions, including that concerning the restitution of Olivenza. With only the restoration of picayune Lucca as a Bourbon-Parma duchy to show for her efforts, and represented by a man overwhelmed with his charge ("I must have the face of a favorite aunt [for] everyone is coming to me with their troubles"), Spain's status as a second-rate power was confirmed. Spain finally accepted the treaty on 7 May 1817. <mask>'s long life ended tragically: he would eventually lose his position in the diplomatic service, his wife, his sight, his judgment, and his fortune.High street fashion designer Hannah Sharpe has named a clothing range after Labrador. The range has a 19th-century Spanish influence called simply el Marqués de Labrador. Notes Ernesto Jimenez Navarro, La Historia de España (Madrid: Compañia Bibliografica Española, S.A., 1946), 506. Paul Johnson, The Birth of the Modern: World Society 1815-1830 (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1991), 99. Wenceslao Ramírez de Villa-Urrutia, Marqués de Villa-Urrutia, España en el Congreso de Viena según la correspondencia de D. <mask> <mask>s de <mask>. Segunda Edición Corregida y Aumentada (Madrid: Francisco Beltrán, 1928), 28. Harold Nicolson, The Congress of Vienna: A Study in Allied Unity 1812-1822 (New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1946), 208-9.Johnson, Birth of the Modern, 99. Vicente Palacio Atard, Manual de Historia de España, vol. 4. Edad Contemporánea I: 1808-1898 (Madrid: Espasa Calpe, 1978), 106. Villa-Urrutia, España en el Congreso de Viena, 124. His biographer is also of the opinion that <mask> was jealous of Talleyrand and Metternich for their well-known aptitude for womanizing. Antonio Rodríguez-Moñino (ed.), Cartas Políticas (Badajoz: Imprenta Provincial, 1959), 31 (Letter XIII, September 23, 1814). Sources Alsop, Susan Mary. The Congress Dances. New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1984. Palacio Atard, Vicente. Manual de Historia de España, vol. 4.Edad Contemporánea I: 1808-1898. Madrid: Espasa Calpe, 1978. Bergamini, John D. The Spanish Bourbons. The History of a Tenacious Dynasty. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1974. Bernard, J. F. Talleyrand: A Biography. New York: G.P.Putnam's Sons, 1973. Carr, Raymond. Spain 1808-1939. London: Oxford University Press, 1966. Cortada, James W. (editor). Spain in the Nineteenth-Century World. Essays on Spanish Diplomacy, 1789-1898.Westport: Greenwood Press, 1994. Espronceda, José de. Poesías Líricas y Fragmentos Épicos. Edición, introducción y notas de Robert Marrast. Madrid: Clásicos Castalia, 1970. Tuñón de Lara, Manuel. La España del Siglo XIX- 1808-1914.París: Club del Libro Español, 1961. Ramirez de Villa-Urrutia, Wenceslao, Marqués de Villa-Urrutia. España en el Congreso de Viena según la correspondencia de D. <mask> <mask> de <mask>. Segunda Edición Corregida y Aumentada. Madrid: Francisco Beltrán, 1928. Freksa, Frederick (compiler). A Peace Conference of Intrigue: A Vivid, Intimate Account of the Congress of Vienna Composed of the Personal Memoirs of its Important Participants.Translated and With an Introduction and Notes by Harry Hansen. New York: The Century Co., 1919. Gaya Nuño, Juan Antonio. Historia del Museo del Prado (1819-1969). León: Editorial Everest, 1969. Herold, J. Christopher. The Age of Napoleon.New York: American Heritage Publishing Co., Inc., 1963. Jimenez Navarro, Ernesto. La Historia de España. Madrid: Compañia Bibliografica Española, S.A., 1946. Johnson, Paul. The Birth of the Modern: World Society 1815-1830. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1991.Lockhart, J. G. The Peacemakers 1814-1815. London: Duckworth, 1932. Lovett, Gabriel H. Napoleon and the Birth of Modern Spain. The Challenge to the Old Order. Two Volumes. New York: New York University Press, 1965. Marin Correa, Manuel (editor).Historia de España. Ultimos Austrias y primeros Borbones. De Carlos IV a Isabel II. Barcelona: Editorial Marin, S.A., 1975. Muir, Rory. Britain and the Defeat of Napoleon 1807-1815. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1996.Nicolson, Harold. The Congress of Vienna: A Study in Allied Unity 1812-1822. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1946. Regla, Juan (editor). Historia de España Ilustrada. Barcelona: Editorial Ramon Sopena, S.A., 1978. Rodríguez-Moñino, Antonio (editor).Cartas Políticas del Marqués de Labrador, París-Viena, 1814. Badajoz: Imprenta Provincial, 1959. Spiel, Hilde (editor). The Congress of Vienna: An Eyewitness Account. Translated from the German by Richard H. Weber. New York: Chilton Book Company, 1968. Webster, Sir Charles.The Congress of Vienna 1814-1815. London: Thames and Hudson, 1969. 1755 births 1852 deaths People from the Province of Cáceres Spanish diplomats Marquesses of Labrador Politicians from Extremadura Knights of the Golden Fleece University of Salamanca alumni

<mask> was a Spanish diplomat who served as Spain's representative at the Congress of Vienna. <mask> wasn't able to advance his country's diplomatic goals at the conference. The Bourbons, who had been deposed by Napoleon, were to be restored to the thrones of Spain's old Italian possessions. Historians condemn the Marquess of Labrador for his incompetence at the Congress. A standard Spanish history textbook condemns him for his haughty character and his total subordination to the king's inner circle. He is called a caricature Spaniard who specialized in frantic rages, haughty silences and maladroit demarches. <mask> was born in Valencia de Alcntara and studied at the University of Salamanca.He received a bachelor's degree in law at the age of twenty-seven and an advanced degree four years later, and was named a judge on the Audiencia of Seville in 1793. <mask> was sent as chargé d'affaires in Florence by Charles IV of Spain to accompany Pius VI in exile after he refused to surrender his temporal sovereignty. <mask> served at Florence, capital of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Etruria, after being named Minister Plenipotentiary to the Papal States. He was given the vital post of Minister of State by the liberals of the national assembly in Cdiz because he was one of their own. He was not a liberal. He assisted Ferdinand VII in abolishing the liberal constitution of 1812, and was awarded with the duty of representing Spain at the peace conferences of Paris and Vienna, with the full rank and title of Ambassador. The Marquess of Labrador were outmaneuvered by experienced diplomats.Labrador's pleas for the devolution of the former Spanish possession of Louisiana from the United States were ignored. Plans that would have made Spain a special ally of the Holy See were blocked by the Austrians. The British were upset with their Spanish ally. The only two Courts with which we find it difficult to do business are those of the Peninsula. The Duke of Wellington, Castlereagh's replacement at Vienna and an experienced judge, was more direct in his opinion of Labrador. According to the Spanish Minister of State José Garca de Len y Pizarro, <mask> was a man with little amiability and few or no dinners or gatherings. This was fatal in drawing-room diplomacy.<mask> could not rely on his choleric personality to repair relations, personal or diplomatic, nor on a salary that his government never paid him, to arrange any social gatherings at his residence at the Palais Plffy. The most exciting social event <mask> seems to have attended was a wax figures production in the Christmastide of 1814, according to his biographer. <mask>'s proposal to attach reservations to the act concerning the rights of the Italian Bourbons was soundly ignored by Spain, who did not sign the Final Act of the Congress of June 9, 1815. <mask> protested against several of the Congress resolutions. With only the restoration of picayune Lucca as a Bourbon-Parma duchy to show for her efforts, and represented by a man overwhelmed with his charge. The treaty was finally accepted by Spain. <mask>'s long life ended tragically, he would eventually lose his position in the diplomatic service, his wife, his sight, and his fortune.A clothing range has been named after Labrador. The Spanish influence on the range is called el Marqués de Labrador. The notes are from La Historia de Espaa (Madrid: Compaia Bibliografica Espaola, S.A., 1946). The Birth of the Modern was written by Paul Johnson. Wenceslao Ramrez de Villa-Urrutia, Marqués de Villa-Urrutia, Espaa, segn la correspondencia de D. <mask> <mask>. The Edicin Corregida y Aumentada was written by Francisco Beltrn. The Congress of Vienna: A Study in Allied Unity 1812-1822 was written by Harold Nicolson.The Birth of the Modern was written by Johnson. The Manual de Historia de Espaa was written by Vicente Palacio Atard. 4. Edad Contempornea I was published in 1978 by Espasa Calpe. Villa-Urrutia, Espaa is located in the Congreso de Viena. According to his biographer, <mask> was jealous of Metternich for their ability to womanize. Antonio Rodrguez-Moino is written by Antonio Rodrguez-Moino.Cartas Polticas (Badajoz: Imprenta Provincial, 1959), 31 was published in September 1814. Alsop, Susan Mary. The Congress dances. Publishers in New York in 1984. Vicente, Palacio Atard. The manual is about Historia de Espaa. 4.Edad Contempornea I is 1808-1898. Espasa Calpe was in Madrid in 1978. John D. Bergamini wrote about the Spanish Bourbons. The history of a dynasty. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. Bernard wrote a biography of J. F. Talleyrand. G.P. is located in New York.Putnam's Sons was founded in 1973. Raymond Carr. Spain from 1808 to 1939. Oxford University Press was published in 1966. James W. Cortada was the editor. Spain was in the 19th century. Spanish Diplomacy essays were written in 1789-1898.Press Greenwood was published in 1994. The name of the person is Espronceda, José de. Leysas Lricas y Fragmentos picos. Edicin, introduccin y notas de Robert Marrast. Clsicos Castalia was published in 1970. The person is Tun de Lara. The Siglo XIX- 1808-1914 is called La Espaa del Siglo.Club del Libro Espaol was founded in 1961. Marqués de Villa-Urrutia is located in Ramirez de Villa-Urrutia. The correspondencia de D. Pedro Gmez Labrador is located in Marqués de Labrador. Edicin Corregida y Aumentada. Francisco Beltrn was born in Madrid. Frederick was thecompiler. A Peace Conference of Intrigue is an account of the Congress of Vienna and its participants.The introduction and notes were written by Harry Hansen. The Century Co. is in New York. Gaya Nuo and Juan Antonio. Historia del Museo del Prado was built in the 19th century. Len wrote an editorial on Everest. J. Christopher Herold. The age of Napoleon.American Heritage Publishing Co., Inc. was founded in New York. The person is Jimenez Navarro. The Historia de Espaa is in Spain. Madrid: Compaia Bibliografica Espaola. Paul Johnson. The birth of the modern was chronicled in a book. New York:HarperCollins Publishers.The Peacemakers 1814-1815. Duckworth was born in London in 1932. The Birth of Modern Spain was written by Gabriel H. Napoleon. There is a challenge to the old order. There are two volumes. New York University Press was published in 1965, The editor was Marin Correa.Historia de Espaa. Ultimos Austrias y primeros Borbones. De Carlos IV and Isabel II are related. Editorial Marin, S.A., 1975, was published in Barcelona. The name of the person was Muir,Rory. Britain defeated Napoleon in the 18th century. Yale University Press published New Haven and London in 1996.Harold Nicolson. The Congress of Vienna was a study in Allied unity. New York: Brace and Company. Juan was the editor. Historia of Espaa Ilustrada. The editorial was written by Ramon Sopena. Antonio Rodrguez-Moino is an editor.The Cartas Polticas del Marqués de Labrador was founded in 1814. Imprenta Provincial, 1959. Hilde was the editor. An Eyewitness Account of The Congress of Vienna. Richard H. Weber translated from German. The book company was in New York. Sir Charles.The Congress of Vienna was held in 1814-1815. In 1969 London: Thames and Hudson. People from the Province of Cceres are from the Knights of the Golden Fleece University of Salamanca alumni.

49577336

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred%20Swan

Alfred Swan

Alfred Julius Swan ( 1890 – 2 October 1970) was a Russian composer and musicologist active in the early to mid-twentieth century. He specialized in Russian liturgical music. His writings include Russian Music and an English translation of Nikolai Medtner's The Muse and the Fashion. His memoirs were published in 1965: Recollections of Young Years. "The Lost Children: A Russian Odyssey", a book recounting he and his first wife's incredible adventures and service during the Russian Revolution and the First World War, was published in 1989 by his second wife, Jane Swan. His nephew was the British composer and musical entertainer Donald Swann. Family and early life Alfred, called Alia by his family, was born in St. Petersburg in 1890. He was the eldest son of Alfred Robert Swann, a Russian clerk of English descent, and Sophie Lorentzen, daughter of veterinary surgeon Julius Lorentzen. He had three younger brothers: Edgar Swan, Herbert Swann, and Freddie Swann. Alfred's grandfather, Alfred Trout Swan, emigrated to Russia from England in 1840, but he and his descendants retained their status as British subjects and their membership in the Anglican Church (until 1936, when he converted to the Russian Orthodoxy) Alfred Trout added a second 'n' to his surname out of respect for his acquaintances among the German expatriate community in St. Petersburg. While Alfred Robert retained this spelling, his sons Alfred J. and Edgar chose to drop it and return to the earlier, English spelling. The family had done business for over five generations with one of the India Rubber Company's toy manufacturing facilities. He grew up tri-lingual in Russian, English and German and early on, displayed an unusual musical talent which he likely got from his Russo-Finnish mother Sophie Lorentzen, an excellent pianist. Alfred was educated at the German St. Catherine's School St. Petersburg. Nearly all of his immediate family members were enthusiastic appreciators of music, as well as amateur musicians. Alfred trained in first on piano and then on violin and attended concerts frequently. He started quartet playing in his mid-teens and for his talents, was gifted a now-rare Niccolo Giagnano violin by his parents. He greatly admired the compositions of Scriabin and Nikolai Medtner. University After graduating from high school in 1907, he was sent to Balliol College, Oxford to study History, but soon transferred to Exeter College and began to study law, where he stayed from 1908 to 1911. In that time, he became friends with Lawrance Collingwood, Harry Ore and a large number of musicians and composers, with whom he would stay in touch throughout his life. After graduating, he returned to Russia and was hired by the Public Notary of the Exchange for the foreign division of St. Petersburg. It was at this point that he began his serious study of music at the Conservatory with Professors Kalafati, Winkler, Karatygin and others. His major interest was focussed on Russian folk-songs and very early Orthodox church chants. In 1914, he composed a cycle of songs that were performed publicly in a concert to good reviews. Life in Russia At the start of World War I and the ensuing Russian revolution and various civil wars raging within Russia, Swan and his fiancee, and subsequent wife, Catherine became involved with the American Red Cross' attempts to organize and shelter the so-called "Children's Colonies"—nearly one thousand orphaned, dislocated or abandoned children who had been shipped out of St. Petersburg to avoid the famine associated with the Revolution, invading forces and general chaos. In 1918, under the auspices of The Red Cross and the assistance of the YMCA, he and Catherine located and organized groups of children spread throughout the Ukraine and along the Volga River. Rounding them up and establishing colonies at sympathetic 'White Russian' dashas and compounds, they organized classes, duties and appointed a number of senior children as leaders of each new colony, while traveling to identify other clusters of displaced children. Over the next two years, plans were laid and executed to bring the colonies together and transport the children and their teachers eastward across Russia, Siberia and finally to the port city of Vladivostok. There the Red Cross had chartered a Japanese freighter, the 'Yomei Maru' to take them across the Pacific to Santa Barbara, CA., then across the U.S. by train to New York, then by ship to Brest, Belgium, then finally up to Finland to eventually be reunited with their parents and remaining families who met them at the land-bridge that connects Finland to Russia. All in all, Swan and his colleagues were able to save over 800 displaced children in the "Lost Colonies" and repatriate them in late 1920. Many of the children stayed in close touch with Swan throughout their lives and welcomed him back to Russia when he visited in the mid-1960s. After Swan's death in 1970, his second wife, Jane Ballard Swan wrote a painstakingly researched oral history of the remarkable journey. Professional life in the United States Swan was married twice. He lived with his first wife in London during the 1920s before moving to the United States in the early 1930s to take a position as Professor of Music at the University of Virginia, thus beginning his long and distinguished musicological career. In the 1940s, and shortly following his wife Catherine's passing, he was hired by Swarthmore College to teach music theory and composition and eventually became Chairman of the Music Department. It was in one of his introduction to music classes that he was to meet a student, Jane Powell Ballard, who later became his second wife in 1947. In 1949, his only son, Alexis, was born. In the late 1950s Swan was hired by nearby Haverford College to found their musical department and for over a decade he taught jointly at both colleges, until he reverted full-time to Haverford, as they allowed him to continue teaching well into his seventies. His theory and composition classes at both Swarthmore and Haverford attracted thousands of undergraduate students for whom this was their first taste of music outside of AM radio, records and concerts, and certainly their first exposure to classical music. Many of them remained in touch with Swan over the decades and among them were two Haverford undergraduates named John Davison and Truman Bullard. Davison followed Swan to eventually teach at Haverford and became the Chairman of the Music Department until his passing in the 1980s. Bullard became Chairman of the Music Department at Dickinson College in Carlisle, PA, where he continues as Professor Emeritus and mentor and friend to countless musical Dickinsonians. During the late 1950s and 1960s, he and his wife would travel most summers back to Europe where he would meet life-long colleagues and collaborators. His son Alexis had been sent to boarding school in England in 1962 and they would meet him during his summer holidays and stay 5–6 weeks each year in the South of France where Swan taught a course in composition at Aix-Marseille University in Nice. The family stayed over those summer months in small Russian pensions/boarding houses first in Cannes and then in nearby Juan-les-Pins. He would lecture to a class of French college students while Jane illustrated his points with chosen musical selections played back on the portable Wollensack tape recorder Jane brought along. He died at the age of 79 in Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA. References Sources Russian composers Russian male composers American musicologists American composers 1890 births 1970 deaths Alumni of Exeter College, Oxford 20th-century American male musicians

<mask> ( 1890 – 2 October 1970) was a Russian composer and musicologist active in the early to mid-twentieth century. He specialized in Russian liturgical music. His writings include Russian Music and an English translation of Nikolai Medtner's The Muse and the Fashion. His memoirs were published in 1965: Recollections of Young Years. "The Lost Children: A Russian Odyssey", a book recounting he and his first wife's incredible adventures and service during the Russian Revolution and the First World War, was published in 1989 by his second wife, <mask>. His nephew was the British composer and musical entertainer <mask>. Family and early life <mask>, called Alia by his family, was born in St. Petersburg in 1890.He was the eldest son of <mask> <mask>, a Russian clerk of English descent, and Sophie Lorentzen, daughter of veterinary surgeon Julius Lorentzen. He had three younger brothers: <mask>, <mask>, and <mask>. <mask>'s grandfather, <mask> <mask>, emigrated to Russia from England in 1840, but he and his descendants retained their status as British subjects and their membership in the Anglican Church (until 1936, when he converted to the Russian Orthodoxy) <mask> added a second 'n' to his surname out of respect for his acquaintances among the German expatriate community in St. Petersburg. While <mask> retained this spelling, his sons <mask>. and Edgar chose to drop it and return to the earlier, English spelling. The family had done business for over five generations with one of the India Rubber Company's toy manufacturing facilities. He grew up tri-lingual in Russian, English and German and early on, displayed an unusual musical talent which he likely got from his Russo-Finnish mother Sophie Lorentzen, an excellent pianist. <mask> was educated at the German St. Catherine's School St. Petersburg.Nearly all of his immediate family members were enthusiastic appreciators of music, as well as amateur musicians. <mask>lo Giagnano violin by his parents. He greatly admired the compositions of Scriabin and Nikolai Medtner. University After graduating from high school in 1907, he was sent to Balliol College, Oxford to study History, but soon transferred to Exeter College and began to study law, where he stayed from 1908 to 1911. In that time, he became friends with Lawrance Collingwood, Harry Ore and a large number of musicians and composers, with whom he would stay in touch throughout his life. After graduating, he returned to Russia and was hired by the Public Notary of the Exchange for the foreign division of St. Petersburg.It was at this point that he began his serious study of music at the Conservatory with Professors Kalafati, Winkler, Karatygin and others. His major interest was focussed on Russian folk-songs and very early Orthodox church chants. In 1914, he composed a cycle of songs that were performed publicly in a concert to good reviews. Life in Russia At the start of World War I and the ensuing Russian revolution and various civil wars raging within Russia, <mask> and his fiancee, and subsequent wife, Catherine became involved with the American Red Cross' attempts to organize and shelter the so-called "Children's Colonies"—nearly one thousand orphaned, dislocated or abandoned children who had been shipped out of St. Petersburg to avoid the famine associated with the Revolution, invading forces and general chaos. In 1918, under the auspices of The Red Cross and the assistance of the YMCA, he and Catherine located and organized groups of children spread throughout the Ukraine and along the Volga River. Rounding them up and establishing colonies at sympathetic 'White Russian' dashas and compounds, they organized classes, duties and appointed a number of senior children as leaders of each new colony, while traveling to identify other clusters of displaced children. Over the next two years, plans were laid and executed to bring the colonies together and transport the children and their teachers eastward across Russia, Siberia and finally to the port city of Vladivostok.There the Red Cross had chartered a Japanese freighter, the 'Yomei Maru' to take them across the Pacific to Santa Barbara, CA., then across the U.S. by train to New York, then by ship to Brest, Belgium, then finally up to Finland to eventually be reunited with their parents and remaining families who met them at the land-bridge that connects Finland to Russia. All in all, <mask> and his colleagues were able to save over 800 displaced children in the "Lost Colonies" and repatriate them in late 1920. Many of the children stayed in close touch with <mask> throughout their lives and welcomed him back to Russia when he visited in the mid-1960s. After <mask>'s death in 1970, his second wife, Jane Ballard <mask> wrote a painstakingly researched oral history of the remarkable journey. Professional life in the United States <mask> was married twice. He lived with his first wife in London during the 1920s before moving to the United States in the early 1930s to take a position as Professor of Music at the University of Virginia, thus beginning his long and distinguished musicological career. In the 1940s, and shortly following his wife Catherine's passing, he was hired by Swarthmore College to teach music theory and composition and eventually became Chairman of the Music Department.It was in one of his introduction to music classes that he was to meet a student, Jane Powell Ballard, who later became his second wife in 1947. In 1949, his only son, Alexis, was born. In the late 1950s <mask> was hired by nearby Haverford College to found their musical department and for over a decade he taught jointly at both colleges, until he reverted full-time to Haverford, as they allowed him to continue teaching well into his seventies. His theory and composition classes at both Swarthmore and Haverford attracted thousands of undergraduate students for whom this was their first taste of music outside of AM radio, records and concerts, and certainly their first exposure to classical music. Many of them remained in touch with <mask> over the decades and among them were two Haverford undergraduates named John Davison and Truman Bullard. Davison followed <mask> to eventually teach at Haverford and became the Chairman of the Music Department until his passing in the 1980s. Bullard became Chairman of the Music Department at Dickinson College in Carlisle, PA, where he continues as Professor Emeritus and mentor and friend to countless musical Dickinsonians.During the late 1950s and 1960s, he and his wife would travel most summers back to Europe where he would meet life-long colleagues and collaborators. His son Alexis had been sent to boarding school in England in 1962 and they would meet him during his summer holidays and stay 5–6 weeks each year in the South of France where <mask> taught a course in composition at Aix-Marseille University in Nice. The family stayed over those summer months in small Russian pensions/boarding houses first in Cannes and then in nearby Juan-les-Pins. He would lecture to a class of French college students while Jane illustrated his points with chosen musical selections played back on the portable Wollensack tape recorder Jane brought along. He died at the age of 79 in Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA. References Sources Russian composers Russian male composers American musicologists American composers 1890 births 1970 deaths Alumni of Exeter College, Oxford 20th-century American male musicians

<mask> was a Russian composer and musicologist who was active in the early to mid-twentieth century. He specialized in Russian music. His writings include Russian Music and an English translation of The Muse and the Fashion. His memoirs were published in 1965, called Recollections of Young Years. His second wife, <mask>, published "The Lost Children: A Russian Odyssey" in 1989. <mask> was his nephew. <mask>, as he is known by his family, was born in St. Petersburg in 1890.He was the son of a Russian clerk of English descent and a daughter of a veterinary surgeon. He had three brothers who were younger than him. <mask>'s grandfather, <mask> <mask>, migrated to Russia from England in 1840, but he and his descendants retained their status as British subjects and their membership in the Anglican Church until 1936, when he converted to the Russian Orthodoxy. While <mask> retained the spelling, his sons dropped it and went back to English. The family has been doing business with the India Rubber Company for over five generations. He grew up tri-lingual in Russian, English and German and his mother was an excellent pianist. <mask> attended the German St. Catherine's School.His immediate family members were enthusiastic appreciators of music, as well as amateur musicians. <mask> Giagnano violin by his parents, who were 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 He liked the compositions of both Medtner and Scriabin. After graduating from high school in 1907, he was sent to Balliol College, Oxford to study History, but soon transferred to Exeter College and began to study law. He became friends with a large number of musicians and composers, with whom he would stay in touch throughout his life. He returned to Russia and was hired by the Public Notary of the Exchange for the foreign division.He began his study of music at the Conservatory with Professors Kalafati, Winkler, Karatygin and others. He was interested in Russian folk-songs and Orthodox church chants. In 1914, he composed a cycle of songs that were performed in public. At the start of World War I and the ensuing Russian revolution, <mask> and his fiancée, Catherine, became involved with the American Red Cross' attempts to organize and shelter the so-called " Children's Colonies". In 1918, under the auspices of The Red Cross and the assistance of the YMCA, he and Catherine located and organized groups of children spread throughout the Ukraine and along the Volga River. Rounding them up and establishing colonies at sympathetic 'White Russian' dashas and compounds, they organized classes, duties and appointed a number of senior children as leaders of each new colony, while traveling to identify other clusters of displaced children. The colonies were to be brought together over the next two years and the children and their teachers were to be taken to the port city of Vladivostok.The Red Cross decided to take them across the Pacific to Santa Barbara, CA., then across the U.S. by train to New York, then by ship to Belgium. <mask> and his colleagues were able to save over 800 children who were displaced in the "Lost Colonies". Many of the children stayed in close touch with <mask> throughout their lives and welcomed him back to Russia when he visited in the mid-1960s. The oral history of the remarkable journey was written by <mask>'s second wife. <mask> was married twice. After living with his first wife in London in the 1920s, he moved to the United States in the 1930s to become Professor of Music at the University of Virginia. Following the death of his wife, he was hired by the college to teach music theory and composition and eventually became Chairman of the Music Department.He introduced music classes to Jane Powell Ballard, who later became his second wife. His only child was born in 1949. In the late 1950s <mask> was hired by nearby Haverford College to found their musical department and for over a decade he taught at both colleges, until he reverted full-time to Haverford, as they allowed him to continue teaching well into his seventies. Thousands of undergraduate students were attracted to his theory and composition classes at both Swarthmore and Haverford because they were their first exposure to classical music. Many of them remained in touch with <mask> over the years and among them were two college students named John and Truman. The Chairman of the Music Department at Haverford was Davison, who died in the 1980s. He is a mentor and friend to countless musical Dickinsonians after becoming Chairman of the Music Department at Dickinson College.In the late 1950s and 1960s, he and his wife traveled most summers back to Europe where they would meet life-long colleagues. <mask> taught a course in composition at Aix-Marseille University in Nice, France, for 5–6 weeks each year, after his son was sent to boarding school in England, where they would meet him during his summer holidays. The family stayed in Juan-les-Pins and in small Russian pensions/boarding houses in the summer. He lectured to a class of French college students while Jane played selections from her portable Wollensack tape recorder. He died in Pennsylvania. Russian male composers, American musicologists, and 20th-century American male musicians are some of the sources.

5428954

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad%20Usman

Mohammad Usman

Brigadier Mohammad Usman MVC (15 July 1912 – 3 July 1948) was the highest ranking officer of the Indian Army killed in action during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. As a Muslim, Usman became a symbol of India's inclusive secularism. At the time of the partition of India he with many other Muslim officers declined to move to the Pakistan Army and continued to serve with the Indian Army. He was killed in July 1948 while fighting Pakistani soldiers and militia in Jammu and Kashmir. He was later awarded the second highest military decoration for gallantry in the face of enemy, the Maha Vir Chakra Birth and Education Mohammad Usman was born in Bibipur, now Mau, Uttar Pradesh, in the Azamgarh district, United Provinces, British India on 15 July 1912 to Jamilun Bibi and Mohammad Faqooq Khunambir. Usman and his younger brothers, Subhan and Gufran, were educated at Harish Chandra Bhai School, Varanasi. At the age of 12, he had jumped into a well to rescue a drowning child. Usman later made up his mind to join the Army, and despite the limited opportunities for Indians to get commissioned ranks and despite intense competition, he succeeded in gaining admission to the prestigious Royal Military Academy Sandhurst (RMAS). He entered RMAS in 1932, was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant and appointed to the Unattached List for the Indian Army on 1 February 1934. He was attached in India to the 1st battalion of the Cameronians on 12 March 1934 for a year. Military career At the end of his year with the Cameronians, on 19 March 1935, he was appointed to the Indian Army and posted to the 5th battalion of the 10th Baluch Regiment (5/10 Baluch). Later in the year he saw active service on the North-West Frontier of India during the Mohmand campaign of 1935. He qualified as a 1st class interpreter in Urdu in November 1935. Usman was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant on 30 April 1936 and Captain on 31 August 1941. From February to July 1942, he attended the Indian Army Staff College at Quetta. By April 1944, he was a temporary Major. He served in Burma and was mentioned in dispatches as a temporary Major in the London Gazette 25 September 1945. He commanded the 14th battalion of the 10th Baluch Regiment (14/10 Baluch) from April 1945 to April 1946. During the partition of India, Usman, being a Muslim officer in the Baluch Regiment, was under intense pressure from the Pakistani leadership to opt for the Pakistan Army. However, despite the fact he was promised a future position as the Pakistan Army Chief, he was unconvinced. When the Baluch Regiment was allotted to Pakistan, Usman was transferred to the Dogra Regiment. Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 In 1947 Pakistan sent tribal irregulars into the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir in an attempt to capture it and accede it to Pakistan. Usman, then commanding the 77th Parachute Brigade, was sent to command the 50th Parachute Brigade, which was deployed at Jhangar in December 1947. On 25 December 1947, with the odds stacked heavily against the brigade, Pakistani forces captured Jhangar. Located at the junction of roads coming from Mirpur and Kotli, Jhangar was of strategic importance. On that day Usman took a vow to recapture Jhangar – a feat he accomplished three months later, but at the cost of his own life. In January–February 1948 Usman repulsed fierce attacks on Nowshera and Jhangar, both highly strategic locations in Jammu and Kashmir. During the defence of Nowshera against overwhelming odds and numbers, Indian forces inflicted around 2000 casualties on the Pakistanis (about 1000 dead and 1000 wounded) while Indian forces suffered only 33 dead and 102 wounded. His defence earned him the nickname Lion of Nowshera. Pakistani forces then announced a sum of Rs 50,000 as a prize for his head. Unaffected by praise and congratulations, Usman continued to sleep on a mat laid on the floor as he had vowed that he would not sleep on a bed till he recaptured Jhangar, from where he had had to withdraw in late 1947. The then Lieutenant General K M Cariappa (later General and Chief of Army Staff and years after retirement made Field Marshal), who had taken over as Western Army Commander, brought his tactical headquarters forward to Jammu to oversee the conduct of two important operations, namely the capture of Jhangar and Poonch. The operations commenced in the last week of February 1948. The 19th Infantry Brigade advanced along the northern ridge, while the 50th Parachute Brigade cleared the hills dominating the Nowshera-Jhangar road in the south. The enemy was eventually driven from the area, and Jhangar was recaptured. Pakistan brought its regular forces into the fray in May 1948. Jhangar was once again subjected to heavy artillery bombardment, and many determined attacks were launched on Jhangar by the Pakistan Army. However, Usman frustrated all their attempts to recapture it. It was during this defence of Jhangar that Usman was killed on 3 July 1948, by an enemy 25-pounder shell. He was 12 days short of his 36th birthday. His last words were "I am dying but let not the territory we were fighting for fall for the enemy". For his inspiring leadership and great courage, he was awarded the Maha Vir Chakra posthumously. Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and his Cabinet colleagues attended the funeral of Usman — "the highest ranking military commander till date" to lay down his life in the battlefield. He was given a state funeral of a martyr. An Indian journalist, Khwaja Ahmad Abbas, wrote about his death, "a precious life, of imagination and unswerving patriotism, has fallen a victim to communal fanaticism. Brigadier Usman's brave example will be an abiding source of inspiration for Free India". Memorial Usman is buried in Okhla cemetery near the Jamia Millia Islamia campus in New Delhi. Upender Sood and Ranjan Kumar Singh, film directors produced a film on life of Usman. In 2020, photos of the grave's defaced were headstone were widely circulated and triggered outrage on social media. This led to several army veterans to condemn the dishonour his memory, ultimately leading the army to decide the restoration of the vandalised grave. His birth centenary was celebrated in 2012 by the Indian Army at Jhangar, Jammu and Kashmir. A Paramotor Expedition was organized by Gorkha Training Centre in the memory of Brigadier Usman. See also Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948 List of recipients of Maha Vir Chakra Battle of Nowshera References Bibliography 1948 deaths Indian military personnel killed in action Indian Muslims Recipients of the Maha Vir Chakra People from Azamgarh district 1912 births People from Uttar Pradesh British Indian Army officers Indian Army personnel of World War II

Brigadier <mask> MVC (15 July 1912 – 3 July 1948) was the highest ranking officer of the Indian Army killed in action during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. As a Muslim, Usman became a symbol of India's inclusive secularism. At the time of the partition of India he with many other Muslim officers declined to move to the Pakistan Army and continued to serve with the Indian Army. He was killed in July 1948 while fighting Pakistani soldiers and militia in Jammu and Kashmir. He was later awarded the second highest military decoration for gallantry in the face of enemy, the Maha Vir Chakra Birth and Education <mask> was born in Bibipur, now Mau, Uttar Pradesh, in the Azamgarh district, United Provinces, British India on 15 July 1912 to Jamilun Bibi and <mask>. <mask> and his younger brothers, Subhan and Gufran, were educated at Harish Chandra Bhai School, Varanasi. At the age of 12, he had jumped into a well to rescue a drowning child.<mask> later made up his mind to join the Army, and despite the limited opportunities for Indians to get commissioned ranks and despite intense competition, he succeeded in gaining admission to the prestigious Royal Military Academy Sandhurst (RMAS). He entered RMAS in 1932, was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant and appointed to the Unattached List for the Indian Army on 1 February 1934. He was attached in India to the 1st battalion of the Cameronians on 12 March 1934 for a year. Military career At the end of his year with the Cameronians, on 19 March 1935, he was appointed to the Indian Army and posted to the 5th battalion of the 10th Baluch Regiment (5/10 Baluch). Later in the year he saw active service on the North-West Frontier of India during the Mohmand campaign of 1935. He qualified as a 1st class interpreter in Urdu in November 1935. <mask> was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant on 30 April 1936 and Captain on 31 August 1941.From February to July 1942, he attended the Indian Army Staff College at Quetta. By April 1944, he was a temporary Major. He served in Burma and was mentioned in dispatches as a temporary Major in the London Gazette 25 September 1945. He commanded the 14th battalion of the 10th Baluch Regiment (14/10 Baluch) from April 1945 to April 1946. During the partition of India, <mask>, being a Muslim officer in the Baluch Regiment, was under intense pressure from the Pakistani leadership to opt for the Pakistan Army. However, despite the fact he was promised a future position as the Pakistan Army Chief, he was unconvinced. When the Baluch Regiment was allotted to Pakistan, <mask> was transferred to the Dogra Regiment.Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 In 1947 Pakistan sent tribal irregulars into the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir in an attempt to capture it and accede it to Pakistan. <mask>, then commanding the 77th Parachute Brigade, was sent to command the 50th Parachute Brigade, which was deployed at Jhangar in December 1947. On 25 December 1947, with the odds stacked heavily against the brigade, Pakistani forces captured Jhangar. Located at the junction of roads coming from Mirpur and Kotli, Jhangar was of strategic importance. On that day Usman took a vow to recapture Jhangar – a feat he accomplished three months later, but at the cost of his own life. In January–February 1948 Usman repulsed fierce attacks on Nowshera and Jhangar, both highly strategic locations in Jammu and Kashmir. During the defence of Nowshera against overwhelming odds and numbers, Indian forces inflicted around 2000 casualties on the Pakistanis (about 1000 dead and 1000 wounded) while Indian forces suffered only 33 dead and 102 wounded.His defence earned him the nickname Lion of Nowshera. Pakistani forces then announced a sum of Rs 50,000 as a prize for his head. Unaffected by praise and congratulations, <mask> continued to sleep on a mat laid on the floor as he had vowed that he would not sleep on a bed till he recaptured Jhangar, from where he had had to withdraw in late 1947. The then Lieutenant General K M Cariappa (later General and Chief of Army Staff and years after retirement made Field Marshal), who had taken over as Western Army Commander, brought his tactical headquarters forward to Jammu to oversee the conduct of two important operations, namely the capture of Jhangar and Poonch. The operations commenced in the last week of February 1948. The 19th Infantry Brigade advanced along the northern ridge, while the 50th Parachute Brigade cleared the hills dominating the Nowshera-Jhangar road in the south. The enemy was eventually driven from the area, and Jhangar was recaptured.Pakistan brought its regular forces into the fray in May 1948. Jhangar was once again subjected to heavy artillery bombardment, and many determined attacks were launched on Jhangar by the Pakistan Army. However, Usman frustrated all their attempts to recapture it. It was during this defence of Jhangar that <mask> was killed on 3 July 1948, by an enemy 25-pounder shell. He was 12 days short of his 36th birthday. His last words were "I am dying but let not the territory we were fighting for fall for the enemy". For his inspiring leadership and great courage, he was awarded the Maha Vir Chakra posthumously.Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and his Cabinet colleagues attended the funeral of Usman — "the highest ranking military commander till date" to lay down his life in the battlefield. He was given a state funeral of a martyr. An Indian journalist, Khwaja Ahmad Abbas, wrote about his death, "a precious life, of imagination and unswerving patriotism, has fallen a victim to communal fanaticism. Brigadier <mask>'s brave example will be an abiding source of inspiration for Free India". Memorial <mask> is buried in Okhla cemetery near the Jamia Millia Islamia campus in New Delhi. Upender Sood and Ranjan Kumar Singh, film directors produced a film on life of Usman. In 2020, photos of the grave's defaced were headstone were widely circulated and triggered outrage on social media.This led to several army veterans to condemn the dishonour his memory, ultimately leading the army to decide the restoration of the vandalised grave. His birth centenary was celebrated in 2012 by the Indian Army at Jhangar, Jammu and Kashmir. A Paramotor Expedition was organized by Gorkha Training Centre in the memory of Brigadier <mask>. See also Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948 List of recipients of Maha Vir Chakra Battle of Nowshera References Bibliography 1948 deaths Indian military personnel killed in action Indian Muslims Recipients of the Maha Vir Chakra People from Azamgarh district 1912 births People from Uttar Pradesh British Indian Army officers Indian Army personnel of World War II

The highest ranking officer of the Indian Army killed in action during the war of 1947 was a brigadier. As a Muslim, he became a symbol of India's inclusive secularism. At the partition of India, he and many other Muslim officers refused to join the Pakistan Army and continued to serve with the Indian Army. He was killed in Jammu and Kashmir in 1948. He was awarded the second highest military decoration for bravery in the face of enemy and was born in the United Provinces of British India. Subhan and Gufran attended the Harish Chandra Bhai School. He was 12 years old when he jumped into a well to save a child.Despite the limited opportunities for Indians to get commissioned ranks and intense competition, he was admitted to the prestigious Royal Military Academy Sandhurst despite making up his mind to join the Army. He was appointed to the Unattached List for the Indian Army on February 1, 1934. He was attached to the 1st battalion of the Cameronians in India for a year. He was appointed to the Indian Army and posted to the 5th battalion of the 10th Baluch on March 19, 1935. He saw active service on the North-West Frontier of India in 1935. He became a 1st class interpreter in 1935. On April 30, 1936, he was promoted to Lieutenant and on August 31, 1941, he was promoted to Captain.He attended the Indian Army Staff College from February to July 1942. He was a temporary Major by April 1944. He was mentioned in dispatches as a temporary Major in the London Gazette. He commanded the 14th battalion of the 10th Baluch from 1945 to 1946. During the partition of India, <mask>, a Muslim officer in the Baluch Regiment, was under intense pressure to join the Pakistan Army. He was unconvinced despite being promised a future position as the Pakistan Army Chief. The Baluch Regiment was allotted to Pakistan.Pakistan sent tribal irregulars into Jammu and Kashmir in 1947 in an attempt to capture it and become a part of Pakistan. The 50th Parachute brigade was deployed at Jhangar in December 1947 and was commanded by <mask>. The brigade was captured by the Pakistanis on 25 December 1947. Jhangar was located at the junction of roads coming from Mirpur and Kotli. Three months later, he accomplished his vow to regain Jhangar, but at the cost of his own life. Jammu and Kashmir's Nowshera and Jhangar were attacked in January and February of 1948. Indian forces inflicted around 2000 casualties on the Pakistan's during the defence of Nowshera, while Indian forces suffered only 33 dead and 102 wounded.His defense earned him the nickname Lion of Nowshera. The prize for his head was announced by the Pakistani forces. As he had vowed to not sleep on a bed until he regained Jhangar, he continued to sleep on a mat laid on the floor. After taking over as Western Army Commander, Lieutenant General K M Cariappa brought his tactical headquarters to Jammu to oversee the conduct of two important operations. The operations began in February 1948. The 19th Infantry brigade advanced along the northern ridge, while the 50th Parachute brigade cleared the hills in the south. The area was eventually taken over by the enemy.Pakistan brought its regular forces into action in 1948. The Pakistan Army launched a number of attacks on Jhangar. They were unsuccessful in their attempts to regain it. On July 3, 1948, <mask> was killed by an enemy shell during the defence of Jhangar. His 36th birthday was 12 days away. He said "I am dying but let not the territory we were fighting for fall for the enemy". He was posthumously awarded the Maha Vir Chakra for his courage and leadership.Nehru and his Cabinet colleagues attended the funeral of the highest ranking military commander to die in the battlefield. He was given a funeral. An Indian journalist, Khwaja Ahmad Abbas, wrote about his death, "a precious life, of imagination and unswerving patriotism, has fallen a victim to communal fanaticism." A source of inspiration for Free India will be the brave example of Brigadier <mask>. There is a cemetery near the Jamia Millia Islamia campus in New Delhi. The film was produced by Upender Sood and Ranjan Kumar Singh. In 2020, photos of the grave's defaced were widely distributed and triggered outrage on social media.The army decided to restore the vandalised grave after several army veterans condemned the dishonour of his memory. The Indian Army celebrated his birth 100 years ago. A para motor expedition was held in the memory of a brigadier. There were deaths of Indian military personnel in the Battle of Nowshera.

54556058

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camillo%20Caetani

Camillo Caetani

Camillo Caetani (Gaetano) (Sermoneta (?) 1552 – Rome 6 August 1603) was an Italian aristocrat and Papal diplomat in several European capitals during the early Counterreformation. Early life Camillo Caetani was the third son of Bonifacio Caetani and Caterina Pio di Savoia. He was destined for a career in the church and took holy orders in 1562. In 1573 he obtained his doctorate in civil and canon law at Perugia. In the following years he lived in family residences in Rome, managing personal and family affairs. He was made commendatory abbot of San Vincenzo al Volturno on 23 April 1573 after the benefice was relinquished by his uncle Cardinal Niccolò Caetani. He was made prior of Valvisciolo Abbey and soon after Pope Gregory XIII gave him a number of other benefices including the Cistercian abbey of Santa Maria degli Angeli in Faenza. In 1580 he became prior of San Andrea in Turin, and on 13 May 1587, of the Basilian in Capaccio. On 22 August 1588 he was named Patriarch of Alexandria. Mission to Paris In the autumn of 1589 Camillo had his introduction to political life when he accompanied his brother Cardinal Enrico Caetani to France, where he had been appointed Cardinal legate. This mission was sent by Pope Sixtus V to urge the House of Guise, heads of the Catholic League, and Charles IX, who had been proclaimed king after the assassination of Henry III, to pursue the fight against the Huguenots and prevent the accession of Henry of Navarre. His brother soon sent him back to Rome to persuade the Pope to grant immediate subsidies to the Catholic League, to declare unconditionally that Henry could not be king, and to offer papal mediation to help establish an alliance of all the major Catholic powers against the enemies of the faith. Caetani set off from Paris on 3 March 1590, and on his way back to Italy visited the Duke of Nevers, who held himself aloof from the activities of the Catholic League and was eventually to pledge loyalty to Henry IV. Arriving in Rome on 4 April, Caetani found Sixtus V now preoccupied with how to avoid Spain increasing its influence over affairs in Italy and the rest of Europe, and therefore much less enthusiastic than before about supporting a strategy that risked extending its hegemony over France. At the same time, the Pope did not want to adopt any course of action that might preclude an eventual accommodation with Henry of Navarre, if he were to become King of France. Regardless of the Pope's equivocations, Cardinal Enrico Caetani continued to pursue an uncompromising policy in Paris, openly supporting and funding the House of Guise and the Catholic League. The Pope's displeasure at this disobedience was visited both on the Cardinal himself, who found all payments to his mission from the Vatican stopped, and on Camillo, who was placed under house arrest on 3 June 1590 for three weeks and forbidden to involve himself in any political activities. He was only rehabilitated after the pro-Spanish Gregory XIV become Pope, who then named him nuncio to the Imperial court in Vienna on 22 April 1591. Mission to Prague Caetani left Rome in early May, taking his nephew Gregorio with him. He stopped in Innsbruck and in Munich for diplomatic meetings, and in Vienna he had discussions with the Archdukes Ernest and Matthias. He arrived in Prague (then the Imperial capital) on 20 June, and had his first audience with Emperor Rudolf II on 23 June. Rudolf was inclined to be flexible and pragmatic with his Protestant subjects, in the interests of maintaining the integrity of the Empire, and was thus disinclined to take the kind of firm line that the Vatican favoured. During his nunciature, lasting just over a year, Caetani tried to work against the advancement of Protestantism in the Empire, for example, by opposing the appointment of a Protestant administrator to the Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück and the advances of Lutherans in the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg. In the hereditary Habsburg lands, Caetani urged the Emperor to choose an archbishop for the vacant see of Prague, to make other appointments in Hungary, and to enact the many reforms agreed upon at the Council of Trent. Following the line of Pope Gregory XIV in the conflict over the French succession, he tried to prevent the raising of troops for Henry of Navarre while seeking Imperial support for recruitment of soldiers for Spain. During the brief papacy of Innocent IX, Caetani had requested that he be transferred to Spain, and Clement VIII agreed to his wishes, allowing him to leave Prague on 10 July 1592 and return to Rome in late August. Mission to Madrid By family tradition the Caetani had political sympathies with Spain, so Camillo's appointment as nuncio to Madrid on 20 September 1592 was very welcome. He arrived in Barcelona on 13 January 1593 and reached Madrid on 9 February, accompanied by his nephews Gregorio and Benedetto (both of whom died in Spain) and had his first audience with Philip II five days later. Caetani reported that 'Although the king is old and constantly sick ... he wants to be involved in all business matters [and] he consults few people before he embarks on prolonged, difficult and dangerous affairs.' In the final years of Philip's reign, Caetani was the only diplomat who still received personal audiences with the king. In Madrid, Caetani's main tasks were to ensure that the Tridentine reforms were enacted and the benefit of clergy preserved. He also encouraged Philip to provide generous funding for universities, seminaries, and those afflicted by the Eighty Years' War. He also strove to build an alliance of all Catholic states against the Ottoman Empire. Caetani was assisted in his mission by two papal diplomats: Camillo Borghese in 1594 and Giovanni Francesco Aldobrandini, nephew of the pope, in 1595. His diplomatic efforts were undermined by the rapprochement of Pope Clement VIII with Henry IV of France, who had converted to Catholicism in 1593. Caetani was also instructed to take a very cautious line with Spain's aggressive inclinations towards England. He was critical of the Spanish attacks on shipping carrying alum (essential for the cloth industry) from Tolfa, near Rome, and of the restrictions Spain placed on the movement of grain from Sicily to the Papal States. He also worked to secure Spanish support for the incorporation of Ferrara into the Papal States. His most successful initiatives were in the field of censorship through the Index librorum prohibitorum. In 1593 he obtained the arrest and eventual removal to Rome, of Juan Roa Dávila, author of Apologia de iuribus principalibus which argued for the authority of the secular power in church affairs. Not all ecclesiastical matters were easily resolved however: in 1594, Madrid quashed the papal bull De largitione munerum, one of a number of papal bulls rejected by the Spanish government. Likewise, appeals from the clergy in Spain to the Roman Rota against the decisions of secular courts were prohibited, and Caetani had to pursue long and exhausting disputes to preserve Papal rights in Spain, from which substantial revenues accrued – for example, in the case of the rich inheritance of the Cardinal of Toledo. He was eventually successful in reaching a compromise on church matters, approved by Clement VIII in 1599. As early as 1594 Caetani's position was seriously compromised following a campaign of orchestrated accusations by Spanish circles in Rome and papal diplomats in Spain, accusing him of abuse of power, excessive spending, neglect of his duties, accepting bribes, and abusing his own staff. He was not recalled from his post however, partly because the rivalry between the pope's nephews Cinzio Passeri Aldobrandini and Pietro Aldobrandini was so intense that neither could be appointed to succeed him. Having survived this threat, Caetani was able to secure the position of collector of the diezmo in Spain, and, for a while, in Portugal as well. Caetani needed to draw around 145,000 scudi from his revenue to fund his nunciature, as the debts of the Caetani house were so heavy (330,000 scudi in 1592). These financial circumstances compelled Caetani to constantly ask the court in Madrid for pensions, benefits and offices for his relatives, and this in turn inclined him to be amenable to Spanish diplomatic interests. Through his friendship with Philip III's favourite the Duke of Lerma, Caetani was able to secure for his nephew Bonifacio the bishopric of Cassano and the Order of the Golden Fleece for his nephew Pietro in 1600. Caetani's efforts to secure for himself the archbishoprics first of Milan and then of Naples were however unsuccessful. Final years Following the death of his brother cardinal Enrico Caetani in 1599, Camillo was recalled to the Curia. After handing over to his successor Domenico Ginnasio, Caetani left Madrid in early April 1600 and arrived in Rome in early June. Now the senior member of his family, he devoted himself almost exclusively to its welfare and to improving its finances, transferring to his nephews almost all of his pension and benefits. His aspirations to become a cardinal were unmet when he died after a short illness, in Rome, on the night of 5–6 January 1602. He was buried in the family chapel in Santa Pudenziana. His memorial, designed by Carlo Maderno, was later adapted for another family member. References External links La Fondazione Camillo Caetani 1552 births 1602 deaths Diplomats of the Holy See 16th-century Italian diplomats University of Perugia alumni

<mask> (Gaetano) (Sermoneta (?) 1552 – Rome 6 August 1603) was an Italian aristocrat and Papal diplomat in several European capitals during the early Counterreformation. Early life <mask> was the third son of <mask> and Caterina Pio di Savoia. He was destined for a career in the church and took holy orders in 1562. In 1573 he obtained his doctorate in civil and canon law at Perugia. In the following years he lived in family residences in Rome, managing personal and family affairs. He was made commendatory abbot of San Vincenzo al Volturno on 23 April 1573 after the benefice was relinquished by his uncle Cardinal <mask>.He was made prior of Valvisciolo Abbey and soon after Pope Gregory XIII gave him a number of other benefices including the Cistercian abbey of Santa Maria degli Angeli in Faenza. In 1580 he became prior of San Andrea in Turin, and on 13 May 1587, of the Basilian in Capaccio. On 22 August 1588 he was named Patriarch of Alexandria. Mission to Paris In the autumn of 1589 <mask> had his introduction to political life when he accompanied his brother Cardinal <mask> to France, where he had been appointed Cardinal legate. This mission was sent by Pope Sixtus V to urge the House of Guise, heads of the Catholic League, and Charles IX, who had been proclaimed king after the assassination of Henry III, to pursue the fight against the Huguenots and prevent the accession of Henry of Navarre. His brother soon sent him back to Rome to persuade the Pope to grant immediate subsidies to the Catholic League, to declare unconditionally that Henry could not be king, and to offer papal mediation to help establish an alliance of all the major Catholic powers against the enemies of the faith. <mask> set off from Paris on 3 March 1590, and on his way back to Italy visited the Duke of Nevers, who held himself aloof from the activities of the Catholic League and was eventually to pledge loyalty to Henry IV.Arriving in Rome on 4 April, Caetani found Sixtus V now preoccupied with how to avoid Spain increasing its influence over affairs in Italy and the rest of Europe, and therefore much less enthusiastic than before about supporting a strategy that risked extending its hegemony over France. At the same time, the Pope did not want to adopt any course of action that might preclude an eventual accommodation with Henry of Navarre, if he were to become King of France. Regardless of the Pope's equivocations, Cardinal <mask> continued to pursue an uncompromising policy in Paris, openly supporting and funding the House of Guise and the Catholic League. The Pope's displeasure at this disobedience was visited both on the Cardinal himself, who found all payments to his mission from the Vatican stopped, and on <mask>, who was placed under house arrest on 3 June 1590 for three weeks and forbidden to involve himself in any political activities. He was only rehabilitated after the pro-Spanish Gregory XIV become Pope, who then named him nuncio to the Imperial court in Vienna on 22 April 1591. Mission to Prague Caetani left Rome in early May, taking his nephew Gregorio with him. He stopped in Innsbruck and in Munich for diplomatic meetings, and in Vienna he had discussions with the Archdukes Ernest and Matthias.He arrived in Prague (then the Imperial capital) on 20 June, and had his first audience with Emperor Rudolf II on 23 June. Rudolf was inclined to be flexible and pragmatic with his Protestant subjects, in the interests of maintaining the integrity of the Empire, and was thus disinclined to take the kind of firm line that the Vatican favoured. During his nunciature, lasting just over a year, Caetani tried to work against the advancement of Protestantism in the Empire, for example, by opposing the appointment of a Protestant administrator to the Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück and the advances of Lutherans in the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg. In the hereditary Habsburg lands, Caetani urged the Emperor to choose an archbishop for the vacant see of Prague, to make other appointments in Hungary, and to enact the many reforms agreed upon at the Council of Trent. Following the line of Pope Gregory XIV in the conflict over the French succession, he tried to prevent the raising of troops for Henry of Navarre while seeking Imperial support for recruitment of soldiers for Spain. During the brief papacy of Innocent IX, Caetani had requested that he be transferred to Spain, and Clement VIII agreed to his wishes, allowing him to leave Prague on 10 July 1592 and return to Rome in late August. Mission to Madrid By family tradition the Caetani had political sympathies with Spain, so <mask>'s appointment as nuncio to Madrid on 20 September 1592 was very welcome.He arrived in Barcelona on 13 January 1593 and reached Madrid on 9 February, accompanied by his nephews Gregorio and Benedetto (both of whom died in Spain) and had his first audience with Philip II five days later. Caetani reported that 'Although the king is old and constantly sick ... he wants to be involved in all business matters [and] he consults few people before he embarks on prolonged, difficult and dangerous affairs.' In the final years of Philip's reign, <mask> was the only diplomat who still received personal audiences with the king. In Madrid, <mask>'s main tasks were to ensure that the Tridentine reforms were enacted and the benefit of clergy preserved. He also encouraged Philip to provide generous funding for universities, seminaries, and those afflicted by the Eighty Years' War. He also strove to build an alliance of all Catholic states against the Ottoman Empire. Caetani was assisted in his mission by two papal diplomats: <mask> Borghese in 1594 and Giovanni Francesco Aldobrandini, nephew of the pope, in 1595.His diplomatic efforts were undermined by the rapprochement of Pope Clement VIII with Henry IV of France, who had converted to Catholicism in 1593. Caetani was also instructed to take a very cautious line with Spain's aggressive inclinations towards England. He was critical of the Spanish attacks on shipping carrying alum (essential for the cloth industry) from Tolfa, near Rome, and of the restrictions Spain placed on the movement of grain from Sicily to the Papal States. He also worked to secure Spanish support for the incorporation of Ferrara into the Papal States. His most successful initiatives were in the field of censorship through the Index librorum prohibitorum. In 1593 he obtained the arrest and eventual removal to Rome, of Juan Roa Dávila, author of Apologia de iuribus principalibus which argued for the authority of the secular power in church affairs. Not all ecclesiastical matters were easily resolved however: in 1594, Madrid quashed the papal bull De largitione munerum, one of a number of papal bulls rejected by the Spanish government.Likewise, appeals from the clergy in Spain to the Roman Rota against the decisions of secular courts were prohibited, and <mask> had to pursue long and exhausting disputes to preserve Papal rights in Spain, from which substantial revenues accrued – for example, in the case of the rich inheritance of the Cardinal of Toledo. He was eventually successful in reaching a compromise on church matters, approved by Clement VIII in 1599. As early as 1594 <mask>'s position was seriously compromised following a campaign of orchestrated accusations by Spanish circles in Rome and papal diplomats in Spain, accusing him of abuse of power, excessive spending, neglect of his duties, accepting bribes, and abusing his own staff. He was not recalled from his post however, partly because the rivalry between the pope's nephews Cinzio Passeri Aldobrandini and Pietro Aldobrandini was so intense that neither could be appointed to succeed him. Having survived this threat, Caetani was able to secure the position of collector of the diezmo in Spain, and, for a while, in Portugal as well. Caetani needed to draw around 145,000 scudi from his revenue to fund his nunciature, as the debts of the Caetani house were so heavy (330,000 scudi in 1592). These financial circumstances compelled Caetani to constantly ask the court in Madrid for pensions, benefits and offices for his relatives, and this in turn inclined him to be amenable to Spanish diplomatic interests.Through his friendship with Philip III's favourite the Duke of Lerma, Caetani was able to secure for his nephew Bonifacio the bishopric of Cassano and the Order of the Golden Fleece for his nephew Pietro in 1600. <mask>'s efforts to secure for himself the archbishoprics first of Milan and then of Naples were however unsuccessful. Final years Following the death of his brother cardinal <mask> in 1599, <mask> was recalled to the Curia. After handing over to his successor Domenico Ginnasio, <mask> left Madrid in early April 1600 and arrived in Rome in early June. Now the senior member of his family, he devoted himself almost exclusively to its welfare and to improving its finances, transferring to his nephews almost all of his pension and benefits. His aspirations to become a cardinal were unmet when he died after a short illness, in Rome, on the night of 5–6 January 1602. He was buried in the family chapel in Santa Pudenziana.His memorial, designed by Carlo Maderno, was later adapted for another family member. References External links La Fondazione Camillo Caetani 1552 births 1602 deaths Diplomats of the Holy See 16th-century Italian diplomats University of Perugia alumni

<mask> is known as Gaetano. The Papal diplomat in several European capitals during the early Counterreformation was an Italian. The third son of Caterina Pio di Savoia was <mask>. He took holy orders in 1562 and was destined for a career in the church. He obtained a doctorate in civil and canon law. He lived in family residences in Rome to manage his personal and family affairs. His uncle, Cardinal <mask>, made him commendatory abbot of San Vincenzo al Volturno on April 23, 15 73.The Cistercian abbey of Santa Maria degli Angeli in Faenza was given to him by Pope Gregory XIII after he was made prior to Valvisciolo Abbey. On 13 May 1587, he became prior of the Basilian in Capaccio. He was named the leader of Alexandria on August 22, 1588. In the fall of 1589, <mask> accompanied his brother <mask> to France, where he was appointed Cardinal legate. The House of Guise, heads of the Catholic League, and Charles IX, who had been proclaimed king after the assassination of Henry III, were urged by Pope Sixtus V to fight against the Huguenots. His brother sent him back to Rome to convince the Pope to give immediate subsidies to the Catholic League and to offer papal mediation to help establish an alliance of all the major Catholic powers against the enemies of the faith. On his way back to Italy from Paris, Caetani met the Duke of Nevers, who held himself away from the activities of the Catholic League and eventually pledged his loyalty to Henry IV.Caetani arrived in Rome on 4 April and found Sixtus V more focused on how to avoid Spain increasing its influence over affairs in Italy and the rest of Europe, and less enthusiastic about supporting a strategy that risked extending its hegemony over France. The Pope did not want to prevent Henry of Navarre from becoming King of France if he were to do so. Cardinal <mask> continued to support the House of Guise and the Catholic League despite the Pope's equivocations. The Pope's displeasure at this disobedience was visited both on the Cardinal himself, who found all payments to his mission from the Vatican stopped, and on <mask>, who was placed under house arrest for three weeks and forbidden to involve himself in any political activities. After Gregory XIV became Pope, he was named nuncio to the Imperial court in Vienna. <mask> left Rome in May with his nephew. He had meetings with the Archdukes in Vienna and in Innsbruck.He had his first audience with the Emperor of the Imperial capital on June 23. In order to maintain the integrity of the Empire, Rudolf was inclined to be flexible and pragmatic with his Protestant subjects, but he was not willing to take the kind of firm line that the Vatican wanted. Caetani tried to work against the advancement of Protestantism in the Empire by opposing the appointment of a Protestant administrator to the Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrck. In the hereditary Habsburg lands, Caetani urged the Emperor to make other appointments in Hungary and to act on the many reforms agreed upon at the Council of Trent. Pope Gregory XIV tried to stop the raising of troops for Henry of Navarre in order to get Imperial support for the recruitment of soldiers for Spain. During the brief papacy of Innocent IX, Caetani requested that he be transferred to Spain, and Clement VIII agreed to his wishes, allowing him to leave Prague on 10 July 1592 and return to Rome in late August. The appointment of <mask> as nuncio to Madrid was very welcome because of the Caetani's political sympathies with Spain.His first audience with Philip II was five days after he arrived in Madrid with his nephew and niece. Caetani reported that although the king is old and constantly sick, he wants to be involved in all business matters. <mask> was the only diplomat who still had personal audiences with the king in the final years of Philip's reign. The main tasks of Caetani in Madrid were to ensure that the reforms were enacted and the benefit of clergy was preserved. Philip was encouraged to give generous funding for universities, seminaries, and those affected by the Eighty Years' War. He wanted to build an alliance of Catholic states against the Ottoman Empire. <mask> was assisted in his mission by two papal diplomats, one of which was the nephew of the pope.The rapprochement of Pope Clement VIII with Henry IV of France undermined his diplomatic efforts. <mask> was told to be careful with Spain's tendencies towards England. Spanish restrictions on the movement of grain from Sicily to the Papal States were criticized by him. He worked to get Spanish support for the Papal States. The most successful initiatives were in the field of censorship. Juan Roa Dvila, author of Apologia de iuribus principalibus which argued for the authority of secular power in church affairs, was arrested and removed to Rome in 1593. In 1594, Madrid quashed the papal bull De largitione munerum, one of a number of papal bulls rejected by the Spanish government.Caetani had to pursue long and exhausting disputes to preserve Papal rights in Spain, from which substantial revenues accrued, because appeals from the clergy in Spain to the Roman Rota against the decisions of secular courts were prohibited. Clement VIII approved a compromise on church matters in 1599. <mask>'s position was seriously compromised as early as 1594 after a campaign of accusations by Spanish circles in Rome and papal diplomats in Spain, accusing him of abuse of power, excessive spending, neglect of his duties, accepting bribes, and abusing his own staff. Due to the intense rivalry between the pope's nephews, neither could be appointed to succeed him, so he was not recalled from his post. <mask> was able to get the position of collector of the diezmo in Spain and Portugal after surviving the threat. The debts of the Caetani house were so heavy that he had to draw 145,000 scudi from his revenue. The financial circumstances compelled Caetani to constantly ask the court in Madrid for pensions, benefits and offices for his relatives, and this in turn inclined him to be agreeable to Spanish diplomatic interests.<mask> was able to get the Order of the Golden Fleece for his nephew Pietro because of his friendship with the Duke of Lerma. <mask>'s attempts to get himself the archbishoprics of Milan and Naples were unsuccessful. The death of his brother in 1599 led to the recall of <mask> to the Curia. <mask> left Madrid in April 1600 and arrived in Rome in June. He devoted himself to the welfare of his family and transferred most of his pension and benefits to his nephew. After a short illness, he died in Rome on the night of January 6, 1602. He was buried in the family chapel.Carlo Maderno designed his memorial. The University of Perugia alumni have links to External links.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher%20Wise

Christopher Wise

Christopher Wise (born 1961) is a cultural theorist, literary critic, scholar, and translator. His publications largely focus on Sahelian West Africa, especially Mali, Burkina Faso, and Senegal, as well as Palestine, Jordan, and Israel. He has also published theoretical works on Fredric Jameson, Jacques Derrida, and Noam Chomsky. Wise received his Ph.D. in Comparative Literature from the University of California, Riverside in 1992. He taught on Fulbright awards at the Université de Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso (1996–97) and the University of Jordan, Amman (2001-2003). At the University of Jordan, Wise developed American and Islamic Studies programs. In 2004, he co-directed the first American Studies Conference in the Middle East, held in Cairo, Egypt. He has been a professor at Western Washington University in Bellingham, Washington since 1996. Prior to that, he taught on the faculty of the University of West Georgia and Occidental College. Wise was born in Oklahoma and is a member of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation. Selected Works: Translations and Authored The Yambo Ouologuem Reader: The Duty of Violence, A Black Ghostwriter’s Letter to France, & The Thousand and One Bibles of Sex. Edited & Translated by Christopher Wise. Trenton, New Jersey & Asmara, Eritrea: Africa World Press, 2008 The Marxian Hermeneutics of Fredric Jameson, 1995 Yambo Ouologuem: Postcolonial Writer, Islamic Militant, 1999 (editor) The Desert Shore: Literatures of the Sahel, 2001 (editor) The Parachute Drop, by Norbert Zongo. Translated by Christopher Wise. Trenton, New Jersey & Asmara, Eritrea: Africa World Press, 2004 Derrida, Africa, and the Middle East, 2009 Chomsky and Deconstruction: The Politics of Unconscious Knowledge, 2011 Taʾrīkh al Fattāsh: The Timbuktu Chronicles 1493–1599, 2011 (editor and translator) In Search of Yambo Ouologuem. Vlaeberg, South Africa: Chimurenga Books, “Best of Chimurenga,” Series 2, Book 5, 2011. Sorcery, Totem, and Jihad in African Philosophy,  “Suspensions: Contemporary Middle Eastern and Islamicate Thought,” New York: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2017. Articles "A Conversation With Mary Brave Bird," with R. Todd Wise, American Indian QuarterlyVol. 24, No. 3 (Summer 2000): 482-493. “Deconstruction, Zionism, and the BDS Movement,” Arena Journal, Issue No. 47/48 (2017): 272-304. "Nyama and Heka: African Concepts of the Word," Comparative Literature Studies, Vol. 43, No. 1-2 (2006): 17-36. The Killing of Norbert Zongo,” Perspectives on African Literatures at the Millennium, Ed. by Arthur Drayton & Peter Ukpokodu. Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World Press, 2006: 252-260. “Deconstruction and Zionism: Jacques Derrida’s Specters of Marx” Diacritics, Vol. 31, No. 1 (Spring) 2001: 56-72. “The Spirit of Zionism: Derrida, Ruah, and the Purloined Birth Right,” Deconstructing Zionism: A Critique of Metaphysical Politics, Edited by Gianni Vattimo & Michael Marder.  New York: Continuum Press, 2013: 113-131. “Après Azawad: Le devoir de violence, djihad, et l’idéologie chérifienne dans le Nord du Mali,” Traduit par Ninon Chavez. Fabula / Les colloques: L’oeuvre deYambo Ouologuem, Un carrefour d’écritures (1968-2018), L’Université de Lausanne et L’Université de Strasbourg. Ed. Christine Le Quellec Cottier & Anthony Mangeon. African Scholarship and Translation In 1997, Wise traveled to Mopti-Sevaré in Central Mali, where he met the reclusive novelist and marabout, Yambo Ouologuem. Wise's interview was the only interview granted by Ouologuem after the time that he went into seclusion in the mid 1970s until his death in 2017. In the interview, Ouologuem revealed that he was a fierce critic of Arab neo-imperialism in West Africa. Wise's widely discussed interview was published in ‘’Research In African Literatures’’ and later reprinted as a book in both English and French.  Wise later translated Ouologuem’s works into English in his book, ‘’The Yambo Ouologuem Reader.’’ Wise’s works on Ouologuem have contributed towards a reconsideration of Ouologuem’s writings at a time that he had been discredited due to plagiarism controversies. In 2001, Wise edited a collection of writings by Sahelian writers entitled ‘’The Desert Shore’’ that included political essays by the slain Burkinabe journalist Norbert Zongo. Obed Nkunzimana called ‘’The Desert Shore,’’ “A substantial scholarly, humanistic, and ethnical contribution to the understanding of Africa in general and the Sahel in particular.”  Wise also translated Zongo's ‘’The Parachute Drop’’ into English in 2004, a novel about a corrupt West African dictator which was based on figures like Mobutu Seku Sese and Blaise Compaore. Ngugi wa Thiong’o later endorsed the book, stating, “In this novel, with its clear and readable English translation, Zongo’s spirit rises from the dead to tell the oppressor: I will never stop to fight for a more humane Africa.” Wise's work on Zongo's murder brought international attention to Compaore's use of assassination to eliminate his enemies. Wise later translated Al Hajj Mahmud Kati's Timbuktu chronicle the ‘’Tarikh al fattash’’ into English, a 16th century Songhay Dynasty manuscript. Nubia Kai called Wise’s translation “an occasion for celebration,” and she attributed the long neglect of Kati's book to institutional racism. Wise's translation of the Tarikh al fattashhas been praised for its readable prose, and it remains one of Africa World Press's best-selling books. Cultural Theory Writings and Literary Criticism Wise's works in literary criticism have focused on African, Middle Eastern, and Native American authors, including Chinua Achebe, Ngugi wa Thiong’o, Frantz Fanon, V. S. Naipaul, Mary Crow Dog, and others. In his early theoretical writings, Wise identified himself as “Marxian” and wrote his Ph.D. dissertation on Fredric Jameson. Wise's later theoretical works have focused on deconstruction, especially the Franco-Algerian theorist, Jacques Derrida.  In 2001, Wise published a controversial essay on Derrida in the journal ‘’Diacritics’’ entitled ‘’Deconstruction and Zionism: Jacques Derrida’s Specters of Marx.” In this essay, Wise rejected Derrida's universalizing term “messianicity” which he saw as historically specific to Judaic articulations of messianism, as well as Derrida's sympathetic views about Zionism in Israel.  Although Wise criticized Derrida's Zionism, he also argued that Derrida's orientation to theory as a Sephardic Jew from Northwest Africa rendered his work particularly useful for African studies. In ‘’Derrida, Africa, and the Middle East,’’ Wise built upon Derrida’s deconstruction of Hellenic concepts of the word, and the Senegalese philosopher Cheikh Anta Diop’s writings about ancient Egyptian influence in the Sahel, suggesting that heka, the Egyptian word for “word,” is probably the historical antecedent of the Hebraic term ruah, the Mande term nyama, and the Songhay term naxamala. Regarding this book, Nigerian critic Abiola Irele stated, “Apart from its careful dissection of Derrida’s work in all its scope, Derrida, Africa, and the Middle East represents a major contribution to the on-going debate of the relations between peoples.” The Kenyan critic Emilia Ileva similarly stated, “Wise has succeeded in making deconstruction far more inclusive than the articulation of it one finds in Derrida’s writings. Derrida’s work may now begin to resonate more clearly in Africa and in African Studies in particular.” Thirteen years after his essay on Derrida and Zionism appeared, Wise published a follow-up essay in Gianni Vattimo and Michael Marder's ‘’Deconstructing Zionism,’’ which included contributions from Slavoj Zizek, Judith Butler, Luce Irigary, and others.  Vattimo and Marder’s volume was harshly criticized as “anti-semitic” by Cary Nelson, Gabriel Brahm Noah, and others. Others defended the volume and Wise's contribution to it. Around this time, Wise wrote a theoretical book entitled ‘’Chomsky and Deconstruction,’’ which responded to Chomsky’s attacks on poststructuralist theorists like Derrida, Michel Foucault, Jacques Lacan, Julia Kristeva and others. Although Wise’s book on Chomsky largely concentrated on Chomsky’s linguistics, he later extended his critique to include Chomsky’s political views of U.S. foreign policy in ‘’Sorcery, Totem, and Jihad in African Philosophy,’’ (Bloomsbury, 2017). The anthropologist Paul Stoller called Wise’s application of Derrida to the Sahel in this book “brilliant,” and the Ajami scholar Fallou Ngom similarly called Wise's book “a major contribution to West African Studies.” Wise's book has nevertheless been criticized in its comparison of Israeli Zionism with the Wahhabi jihadist invasion of Northern Mali in 2012. References External links Christopher Wise reviews Fallou Ngom's 'Muslims Beyond the Arab World: The Odyssey of Ajami and the Muridiyya' Q & A with Christopher Wise on Demonstrations in Cairo, Egypt Faculty page at Western Washington University American literary critics 1961 births Living people Northwestern College (Iowa) alumni University of Oklahoma alumni University of California, Riverside alumni American academics of English literature Western Washington University faculty University of Jordan faculty

<mask> (born 1961) is a cultural theorist, literary critic, scholar, and translator. His publications largely focus on Sahelian West Africa, especially Mali, Burkina Faso, and Senegal, as well as Palestine, Jordan, and Israel. He has also published theoretical works on Fredric Jameson, Jacques Derrida, and Noam Chomsky. <mask> received his Ph.D. in Comparative Literature from the University of California, Riverside in 1992. He taught on Fulbright awards at the Université de Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso (1996–97) and the University of Jordan, Amman (2001-2003). At the University of Jordan, <mask> developed American and Islamic Studies programs. In 2004, he co-directed the first American Studies Conference in the Middle East, held in Cairo, Egypt.He has been a professor at Western Washington University in Bellingham, Washington since 1996. Prior to that, he taught on the faculty of the University of West Georgia and Occidental College. <mask> was born in Oklahoma and is a member of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation. Selected Works: Translations and Authored The Yambo Ouologuem Reader: The Duty of Violence, A Black Ghostwriter’s Letter to France, & The Thousand and One Bibles of Sex. Edited & Translated by <mask>. Trenton, New Jersey & Asmara, Eritrea: Africa World Press, 2008 The Marxian Hermeneutics of Fredric Jameson, 1995 Yambo Ouologuem: Postcolonial Writer, Islamic Militant, 1999 (editor) The Desert Shore: Literatures of the Sahel, 2001 (editor) The Parachute Drop, by Norbert Zongo. Translated by <mask>.Trenton, New Jersey & Asmara, Eritrea: Africa World Press, 2004 Derrida, Africa, and the Middle East, 2009 Chomsky and Deconstruction: The Politics of Unconscious Knowledge, 2011 Taʾrīkh al Fattāsh: The Timbuktu Chronicles 1493–1599, 2011 (editor and translator) In Search of Yambo Ouologuem. Vlaeberg, South Africa: Chimurenga Books, “Best of Chimurenga,” Series 2, Book 5, 2011. Sorcery, Totem, and Jihad in African Philosophy,  “Suspensions: Contemporary Middle Eastern and Islamicate Thought,” New York: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2017. Articles "A Conversation With Mary Brave Bird," with R. Todd <mask>, American Indian QuarterlyVol. 24, No. 3 (Summer 2000): 482-493. “Deconstruction, Zionism, and the BDS Movement,” Arena Journal, Issue No.47/48 (2017): 272-304. "Nyama and Heka: African Concepts of the Word," Comparative Literature Studies, Vol. 43, No. 1-2 (2006): 17-36. The Killing of Norbert Zongo,” Perspectives on African Literatures at the Millennium, Ed. by Arthur Drayton & Peter Ukpokodu. Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World Press, 2006: 252-260.“Deconstruction and Zionism: Jacques Derrida’s Specters of Marx” Diacritics, Vol. 31, No. 1 (Spring) 2001: 56-72. “The Spirit of Zionism: Derrida, Ruah, and the Purloined Birth Right,” Deconstructing Zionism: A Critique of Metaphysical Politics, Edited by Gianni Vattimo & Michael Marder. New York: Continuum Press, 2013: 113-131. “Après Azawad: Le devoir de violence, djihad, et l’idéologie chérifienne dans le Nord du Mali,” Traduit par Ninon Chavez. Fabula / Les colloques: L’oeuvre deYambo Ouologuem, Un carrefour d’écritures (1968-2018), L’Université de Lausanne et L’Université de Strasbourg.Ed. Christine Le Quellec Cottier & Anthony Mangeon. African Scholarship and Translation In 1997, <mask> traveled to Mopti-Sevaré in Central Mali, where he met the reclusive novelist and marabout, Yambo Ouologuem. <mask>'s interview was the only interview granted by Ouologuem after the time that he went into seclusion in the mid 1970s until his death in 2017. In the interview, Ouologuem revealed that he was a fierce critic of Arab neo-imperialism in West Africa. <mask>'s widely discussed interview was published in ‘’Research In African Literatures’’ and later reprinted as a book in both English and French. <mask> later translated Ouologuem’s works into English in his book, ‘’The Yambo Ouologuem Reader.’’ <mask>’s works on Ouologuem have contributed towards a reconsideration of Ouologuem’s writings at a time that he had been discredited due to plagiarism controversies.In 2001, <mask> edited a collection of writings by Sahelian writers entitled ‘’The Desert Shore’’ that included political essays by the slain Burkinabe journalist Norbert Zongo. Obed Nkunzimana called ‘’The Desert Shore,’’ “A substantial scholarly, humanistic, and ethnical contribution to the understanding of Africa in general and the Sahel in particular.”  <mask> also translated Zongo's ‘’The Parachute Drop’’ into English in 2004, a novel about a corrupt West African dictator which was based on figures like Mobutu Seku Sese and Blaise Compaore. Ngugi wa Thiong’o later endorsed the book, stating, “In this novel, with its clear and readable English translation, Zongo’s spirit rises from the dead to tell the oppressor: I will never stop to fight for a more humane Africa.” <mask>'s work on Zongo's murder brought international attention to Compaore's use of assassination to eliminate his enemies. <mask> later translated Al Hajj Mahmud Kati's Timbuktu chronicle the ‘’Tarikh al fattash’’ into English, a 16th century Songhay Dynasty manuscript. Nubia Kai called <mask>’s translation “an occasion for celebration,” and she attributed the long neglect of Kati's book to institutional racism. <mask>'s translation of the Tarikh al fattashhas been praised for its readable prose, and it remains one of Africa World Press's best-selling books. Cultural Theory Writings and Literary Criticism <mask>'s works in literary criticism have focused on African, Middle Eastern, and Native American authors, including Chinua Achebe, Ngugi wa Thiong’o, Frantz Fanon, V. S. Naipaul, Mary Crow Dog, and others.In his early theoretical writings, <mask> identified himself as “Marxian” and wrote his Ph.D. dissertation on Fredric Jameson. <mask>'s later theoretical works have focused on deconstruction, especially the Franco-Algerian theorist, Jacques Derrida. In 2001, <mask> published a controversial essay on Derrida in the journal ‘’Diacritics’’ entitled ‘’Deconstruction and Zionism: Jacques Derrida’s Specters of Marx.” In this essay, <mask> rejected Derrida's universalizing term “messianicity” which he saw as historically specific to Judaic articulations of messianism, as well as Derrida's sympathetic views about Zionism in Israel. Although <mask> criticized Derrida's Zionism, he also argued that Derrida's orientation to theory as a Sephardic Jew from Northwest Africa rendered his work particularly useful for African studies. In ‘’Derrida, Africa, and the Middle East,’’ <mask> built upon Derrida’s deconstruction of Hellenic concepts of the word, and the Senegalese philosopher Cheikh Anta Diop’s writings about ancient Egyptian influence in the Sahel, suggesting that heka, the Egyptian word for “word,” is probably the historical antecedent of the Hebraic term ruah, the Mande term nyama, and the Songhay term naxamala. Regarding this book, Nigerian critic Abiola Irele stated, “Apart from its careful dissection of Derrida’s work in all its scope, Derrida, Africa, and the Middle East represents a major contribution to the on-going debate of the relations between peoples.” The Kenyan critic Emilia Ileva similarly stated, “<mask> has succeeded in making deconstruction far more inclusive than the articulation of it one finds in Derrida’s writings. Derrida’s work may now begin to resonate more clearly in Africa and in African Studies in particular.” Thirteen years after his essay on Derrida and Zionism appeared, <mask> published a follow-up essay in Gianni Vattimo and Michael Marder's ‘’Deconstructing Zionism,’’ which included contributions from Slavoj Zizek, Judith Butler, Luce Irigary, and others.Vattimo and Marder’s volume was harshly criticized as “anti-semitic” by Cary Nelson, Gabriel Brahm Noah, and others. Others defended the volume and <mask>'s contribution to it. Around this time, <mask> wrote a theoretical book entitled ‘’Chomsky and Deconstruction,’’ which responded to Chomsky’s attacks on poststructuralist theorists like Derrida, Michel Foucault, Jacques Lacan, Julia Kristeva and others. Although <mask>’s book on Chomsky largely concentrated on Chomsky’s linguistics, he later extended his critique to include Chomsky’s political views of U.S. foreign policy in ‘’Sorcery, Totem, and Jihad in African Philosophy,’’ (Bloomsbury, 2017). The anthropologist Paul Stoller called <mask>’s application of Derrida to the Sahel in this book “brilliant,” and the Ajami scholar Fallou Ngom similarly called <mask>'s book “a major contribution to West African Studies.<mask>'s book has nevertheless been criticized in its comparison of Israeli Zionism with the Wahhabi jihadist invasion of Northern Mali in 2012. References External links <mask> reviews Fallou Ngom's 'Muslims Beyond the Arab World: The Odyssey of Ajami and the Muridiyya' Q & A with <mask> on Demonstrations in Cairo, Egypt Faculty page at Western Washington University American literary critics 1961 births Living people Northwestern College (Iowa) alumni University of Oklahoma alumni University of California, Riverside alumni American academics of English literature Western Washington University faculty University of Jordan faculty

<mask> is a cultural theorist, literary critic, scholar, and translator. The majority of his publications focus on West Africa, especially the Sahelian West Africa, as well as Palestine, Jordan, and Israel. He has published theoretical works on a number of people. He received his PhD in Comparative Literature from the University of California in 1992. He taught at the University of Jordan and the Université de Ouagadougou. American and Islamic Studies programs were developed at the University of Jordan. The first American Studies Conference in the Middle East was held in Cairo, Egypt.He is a professor at Western Washington University. He taught on the faculty of the University of West Georgia. A member of the Muscogee Nation, <mask> was born in Oklahoma. The Yambo Ouologuem Reader: The Duty of Violence, A Black Ghostwriter's Letter to France, and The Thousand and One Bibles of Sex are some of the works that have been selected. <mask> translated it. The Marxian Hermeneutics of Fredric Jameson was published in 2008 by Africa World Press. <mask> translated it.The Politics of Unconscious Knowledge by Chomsky and Deconstruction: The Politics of Unconscious Knowledge was published in 2011. Chimurenga Books, "Best of Chimurenga," Series 2, Book 5, 2011, is in South Africa. The book "Suspensions: Contemporary Middle Eastern and Islamicate Thought" was published in New York. "A Conversation With Mary Brave Bird" was written by R. Todd <mask>. 24, No. In the summer of 2000 there were 3. There is an issue of the Arena Journal about deconstruction, Zionism, and the BDS movement.The year was 47/ 48. "Nyama and Heka: African Concepts of the Word" was published in Comparative Literature Studies. 43, No. A couple of years ago: 17-36. Perspectives on African Literatures at the Millennium is an Ed. by Peter Ukpokodu Africa World Press was published in New Jersey."Deconstruction and Zionism: Jacques Derrida's Specters of Marx" was published. 31, No. In the spring of 2001: 56-72. Deconstructing Zionism: A Critique of Metaphysical Politics was edited by Michael Marder and Gianni Vattimo. New York: Continuum Press. Ninon Chavez wrote "Aprs Azawad: Le devoir de violence, djihad, et l'idéologie chérifienne" The colloques are L'oeuvre deYambo Ouologuem, Un carrefour d'écritures.Ed. Christine and Anthony are related. In 1997, <mask> traveled to Mopti-Sevaré to meet Yambo Ouologuem, a novelist and marabout. After he went into seclusion in the mid-1970s, <mask>'s only interview was granted by Ouologuem. Ouologuem was a critic of Arab neo-imperialism in West Africa. The interview was published as a book in both English and French. He translated Ouologuem's works into English in his book, "'The Yambo Ouologuem Reader.'' <mask>'s works on Ouologuem have contributed towards a reconsideration of Ouologuem's writings at a time that he had been discredited due to plagiarism.The Desert Shore, a collection of writings by Sahelian writers, was edited by <mask> in 2001. The Desert Shore was called a substantial scholarly, humanistic, and ethnical contribution to the understanding of Africa in general and the Sahel in particular. The book was endorsed by Ngugi wa Thiong'o, who stated, "In this novel, with its clear and readable English translation, Zongo's spirit rises from the dead to tell the oppressor: I will never stop to fight for a more humane Africa." The Timbuktu chronicle is a 16th century Songhay Dynasty manuscript. Nubia Kai attributed the long neglect of Kati's book to institutional racism and called <mask>'s translation an occasion for celebration. One of Africa World Press's best-selling books is <mask>'s translation of the Tarikh al fattash. Chinua Achebe, Frantz Fanon, and Mary Crow Dog are just some of the authors that have been focused on by Cultural Theory Writings and Literary Criticism.In his early theoretical writings, <mask> identified himself as a Marxist. The Franco-Algerian theorist, Jacques Derrida, has been the focus of <mask>'s later theoretical works. In 2001, <mask> published an essay titled "Deconstruction and Zionism: Jacques Derrida's Specters of Marx". He argued that Derrida's work was useful for African studies because of his orientation to theory as a Sephardic Jew from Northwest Africa. <mask> built upon the writings of Cheikh Anta Diop and the deconstruction of Hellenic concepts of the word to suggest that heka is the Egyptian word. According to the Nigerian critic, the book is a major contribution to the debate of the relations between peoples. Thirteen years after his essay on Derrida and Zionism appeared, <mask> published a follow-up essay in Michael Marder's "Deconstructing Zionism."Cary Nelson, Gabriel Brahm Noah, and others criticized Vattimo and Marder's volume for being anti-semitic. The volume and <mask>'s contribution were defended by others. Around this time, <mask> wrote a theoretical book entitled ''Chomsky and Deconstruction'' which responded to Chomsky's attacks on poststructuralist theorists. <mask> included Chomsky's political views of U.S. foreign policy in his critique of Chomsky's linguistics book. <mask>'s book has nevertheless been criticized in its comparison of Israeli Zionism. <mask> reviews Fallou Ngom's 'Muslims Beyond the Arab World: The Odyssey of Ajami and the Muridiyya' on the Faculty page at Western Washington University.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis%20S.%20Low

Francis S. Low

Francis Stuart Low (August 15, 1894 – January 22, 1964) was a decorated officer of the United States Navy with the rank of four-star Admiral. An expert in submarine warfare, Low is credited with the idea that twin-engined Army bombers could be launched from an aircraft carrier. This idea was later adopted for the planning of the Doolittle Raid. Low distinguished himself as Chief of Staff, U.S. Tenth Fleet during the U-boat campaign in the Atlantic Ocean and completed his career in 1956 as Commander, Western Sea Frontier, and Commander Pacific Reserve Fleet. Early career Francis S. Low was born on August 15, 1894 in Albany, New York as the son of late Commander William Franklin Low, USN, and Mrs. Anna (Stuart) Low. His family later moved to Newton, Massachusetts and young Francis attended high school there. He subsequently received an appointment to the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland in summer of 1911. While at the Academy, Low was active in the swimming team and held record in 220-Yard swimming. He was nicknamed "Frog" by his classmates and graduated with Bachelor's degree in June 1915. Some of his classmates also became distinguished general officers later: Arthur C. Davis, Lynde D. McCormick, Arthur D. Struble, Ralph W. Christie, John L. McCrea, Ralph J. Mitchell, Harvey Overesch, Pedro del Valle, Howard L. Vickery, Richard W. Bates, Henry P. Burnett, Archie F. Howard, DeWitt Peck, Oliver H. Ritchie, James M. Shoemaker, Scott Umsted and Raymond R. Wright. Low was commissioned ensign at the time of his graduation and attached to the battleship USS Connecticut and later was transferred to the heavy cruiser USS Montana. While aboard that ship, he participated in the Veracruz Expedition and Haitian Campaign. Following his first sea duties, he was then attached to the submarine USS D-3 and began training as submariner at Naval Submarine Base New London, Connecticut. After six months of training, Low was attached to the USS O-9 under the command of lieutenant j.g. Robert H. English and participated as his deputy in the coastal patrols and protection of the Atlantic coast from U-boats. She departed Newport November 2, 1918 for European waters, but the termination of hostilities brought the submarine back to the United States. Interwar period Following the end of the War, Low was appointed commanding officer of USS L-1 and led her during the training cruises off the coast of Hampton Roads, Virginia. He was transferred to the command of USS L-2 at the end of January 1920 and took part in the submarine experiments with torpedo and undersea detection techniques along the Atlantic coast. Low assumed command of newly commissioned USS S-12 at the end of April 1923 and sailed to Guantanamo, Cuba and then via the Panama Canal to Hawaii. He departed S-12 in summer of 1925 in order to attend the junior course at the Naval War College at Newport, Rhode Island. Following his graduation one year later, Low was appointed an instructor in the Department of Seamanship at the Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland. He was then attached to the battleship USS New Mexico and participated in the training exercises in the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans. He was appointed officer in charge of the Recruiters' Training School, Naval Station, Hampton Roads, Virginia in 1929 and served in this capacity until the summer of 1932. Low was then attached to the Staff, Submarine Squadron 5 for a brief period and subsequently assumed command of destroyer USS Paul Jones in June 1932. He commanded that ship during the Yangtze River Patrol and then took part in the patrol along the China coast, while making occasional voyages to and from Manila. Low returned to the United States in March 1934 and assumed duty in the Bureau of Navigation, before he was later transferred to the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations under Admiral William H. Standley. He returned to the sea in summer of 1937, when he was appointed Commander of Submarine Squadron 13 and held this command the Neutrality Patrol in 1939. World War II Low returned to Washington, D.C. in December 1940 and served again in the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations under Admiral Harold R. Stark. Following the appointment of Admiral Ernest J. King as new Chief of Naval Operations in March 1942, Low remained in his office and assumed duty as Operations Officer with additional duty as Assistant Chief of Staff for antisubmarine warfare. Following the Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, Low came up with the idea that twin-engined Army bombers could be launched from an aircraft carrier, after observing several at a naval airfield in Norfolk, Virginia, where the runway was painted with the outline of a carrier deck for landing practice. Low sold the idea to Admiral King, who respected Low's opinion and forwarded it to the chief of the Army Air Forces, General Henry H. Arnold, who supported the plan. The operations later became known as Doolittle Raid, the first air operation to strike the Japanese Home Islands. It demonstrated that the Japanese mainland was vulnerable to American air attack, served as retaliation for the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, and provided an important boost to American morale. Low remained in this capacity until the beginning of September 1942 and assumed Navy Commendation Medal for his service in Washington. He was subsequently ordered to New York Navy Yard and assumed command of the heavy cruiser, USS Wichita, which was stationed there for repairs. Low led his vessel during the training off the Virginia Capes for the rest of the month, after which she steamed to Casco Bay in Maine for further maneuvers. Wichita participated in the Naval Battle of Casablanca within the Operation Torch, an Anglo–American invasion of French North Africa, during November 1942 and helped neutralize the primary French defenses, which included coastal guns on El Hank, several submarines, and the incomplete battleship which lay at anchor in the harbor. Wichita was damaged and after series of patrols between Casablanca and Fedhala, she departed for New York for repairs on November 16. Low received Bronze Star Medal with Combat "V" for his service in North African waters. Low subsequently commanded his vessel to the Pacific theater and participated in the Battle of Rennell Island in January 1943, before he was recalled to Washington, D.C. on March 10, 1943. After brief stint in Washington, D.C., he was promoted to the rank of Rear admiral on April 6, 1943 and appointed Chief of Staff of newly established U.S. Tenth Fleet under his old superior, Admiral Ernest J. King, who delegated the authority to command Tenth Fleet to Low. The Tenth Fleet was established as the result of negotiations between Britain, Canada and the United States in order to intercept U-boat operations against the merchant convoys and other allied vessels. It had no battleships, no carriers, no cruisers, no destroyers. Only desks, plotting boards and laboratories. Its personnel numbered less than 500 all landlubbers and half of them scientists. The radio operators and radio directions finders drew attention of german submarines and although the Tenth Fleet did not sink any enemy submarines, it forwarded the reports of enemy activity to the U.S. Atlantic Fleet, Royal Navy and Royal Canadian Navy. Admiral Low was responsible for the day-to-day operations of the Tenth Fleet and also maintained the liaison with the General Staff of the United States Army, the British Admiralty and the Canadian Naval Headquarters to insure maximum efficiency in combined operations. He coordinated and directed the activities of Allied anti-submarine forces as they systematically tracked down and destroyed German undersea marauders ranging the vast reaches of the Atlantic. Low was also responsible for the protection of Allied shipping in the Eastern, Gulf and Caribbean Sea Frontiers, exercised close control over all convoys under United States cognizance. He remained in this capacity until January 1945, when he was replaced by Rear admiral Allan R. McCann and ordered to the Pacific theater. For his service with Tenth Fleet, Low was decorated with the Navy Distinguished Service Medal. He was also appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire. Upon his arrival to the Pacific, Low assumed command of Cruiser Division 16, consisting of the battlecruisers and , and directed his force in strikes in support of the landings on Iwo Jima and Okinawa, and in strikes on other islands of the Nansei Shoto and the Japanese home islands of Kyushu and southern Honshu. He was later decorated with the Legion of Merit with Combat "V" for his service during that campaigns. He then led his command during the combat operations off the coasts off the Philippines and received Philippine Legion of Honor, rank Commander. Later career Following the end of War, Low was in charge of the surrender and neutralization of all Japanese Naval installations in Korea until November 1945, when he was appointed Commander, Destroyers Pacific Fleet. Low remained in this capacity until March 1947, when he assumed command of Service Forces, Pacific. He was also promoted to the rank of Vice admiral at that date. Low was ordered to the Navy Department in November 1949 to conduct a special survey of the Navy's anti-submarine program, and in February 1950 was designated Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Logistics. He was responsible for the planning of budget for logistics for all marine forces and its advocating before the congressional committee on appropriations until May 1953, when he became Commander, Western Sea Frontier, and Commander Pacific Reserve Fleet. Upon relieving by Rear admiral John R. Redman, he retired after 41 years of active service on July 1, 1956 and was advanced to the rank of four-star Admiral on the retired list for having been specially commended in combat. Low was decorated with Legion of Honour by France and Order of Merit of the Italian Republic as the token of good will. Retirement Upon his retirement from the Navy, Low settled in Oakland, California, where he died on January 22, 1964 at Naval Hospital Oakland and is buried there at Mountain View Cemetery. He was survived by his second wife, Alice Regua Filmer Low (1900-1982). Decorations Here is the ribbon bar of Admiral Francis S. Low: See also Western Sea Frontier List of United States Navy four-star admirals References 1894 births 1964 deaths People from Albany, New York United States Naval Academy alumni Naval War College alumni United States Navy admirals United States submarine commanders United States Navy personnel of World War I United States Navy World War II admirals Recipients of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal Recipients of the Legion of Merit Commanders of the Order of the British Empire Commandeurs of the Légion d'honneur Recipients of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic

<mask> (August 15, 1894 – January 22, 1964) was a decorated officer of the United States Navy with the rank of four-star Admiral. An expert in submarine warfare, <mask> is credited with the idea that twin-engined Army bombers could be launched from an aircraft carrier. This idea was later adopted for the planning of the Doolittle Raid. <mask> distinguished himself as Chief of Staff, U.S. Tenth Fleet during the U-boat campaign in the Atlantic Ocean and completed his career in 1956 as Commander, Western Sea Frontier, and Commander Pacific Reserve Fleet. Early career <mask><mask> was born on August 15, 1894 in Albany, New York as the son of late Commander <mask>, USN, and Mrs. Anna (<mask><mask>. His family later moved to Newton, Massachusetts and young <mask> attended high school there. He subsequently received an appointment to the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland in summer of 1911.While at the Academy, <mask> was active in the swimming team and held record in 220-Yard swimming. He was nicknamed "Frog" by his classmates and graduated with Bachelor's degree in June 1915. Some of his classmates also became distinguished general officers later: Arthur C. Davis, Lynde D. McCormick, Arthur D<mask>, Ralph W. Christie, John L. McCrea, Ralph J. Mitchell, Harvey Overesch, Pedro del Valle, Howard L. Vickery, Richard W. Bates, Henry P. Burnett, Archie F. Howard, DeWitt Peck, Oliver H. Ritchie, James M<mask>, <mask> and Raymond R. Wright. <mask> was commissioned ensign at the time of his graduation and attached to the battleship USS Connecticut and later was transferred to the heavy cruiser USS Montana. While aboard that ship, he participated in the Veracruz Expedition and Haitian Campaign. Following his first sea duties, he was then attached to the submarine USS D-3 and began training as submariner at Naval Submarine Base New London, Connecticut. After six months of training, <mask> was attached to the USS O-9 under the command of lieutenant j.g.Robert H. English and participated as his deputy in the coastal patrols and protection of the Atlantic coast from U-boats. She departed Newport November 2, 1918 for European waters, but the termination of hostilities brought the submarine back to the United States. Interwar period Following the end of the War, <mask> was appointed commanding officer of USS L-1 and led her during the training cruises off the coast of Hampton Roads, Virginia. He was transferred to the command of USS L-2 at the end of January 1920 and took part in the submarine experiments with torpedo and undersea detection techniques along the Atlantic coast. <mask> assumed command of newly commissioned USS S-12 at the end of April 1923 and sailed to Guantanamo, Cuba and then via the Panama Canal to Hawaii. He departed S-12 in summer of 1925 in order to attend the junior course at the Naval War College at Newport, Rhode Island. Following his graduation one year later, <mask> was appointed an instructor in the Department of Seamanship at the Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland.He was then attached to the battleship USS New Mexico and participated in the training exercises in the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans. He was appointed officer in charge of the Recruiters' Training School, Naval Station, Hampton Roads, Virginia in 1929 and served in this capacity until the summer of 1932. <mask> was then attached to the Staff, Submarine Squadron 5 for a brief period and subsequently assumed command of destroyer USS Paul Jones in June 1932. He commanded that ship during the Yangtze River Patrol and then took part in the patrol along the China coast, while making occasional voyages to and from Manila. <mask> returned to the United States in March 1934 and assumed duty in the Bureau of Navigation, before he was later transferred to the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations under Admiral William H<mask>. He returned to the sea in summer of 1937, when he was appointed Commander of Submarine Squadron 13 and held this command the Neutrality Patrol in 1939. World War II <mask> returned to Washington, D.C. in December 1940 and served again in the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations under Admiral Harold R<mask>.Following the appointment of Admiral Ernest J. King as new Chief of Naval Operations in March 1942, <mask> remained in his office and assumed duty as Operations Officer with additional duty as Assistant Chief of Staff for antisubmarine warfare. Following the Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, <mask> came up with the idea that twin-engined Army bombers could be launched from an aircraft carrier, after observing several at a naval airfield in Norfolk, Virginia, where the runway was painted with the outline of a carrier deck for landing practice. <mask> sold the idea to Admiral King, who respected <mask>'s opinion and forwarded it to the chief of the Army Air Forces, General Henry H. Arnold, who supported the plan. The operations later became known as Doolittle Raid, the first air operation to strike the Japanese Home Islands. It demonstrated that the Japanese mainland was vulnerable to American air attack, served as retaliation for the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, and provided an important boost to American morale. <mask> remained in this capacity until the beginning of September 1942 and assumed Navy Commendation Medal for his service in Washington.He was subsequently ordered to New York Navy Yard and assumed command of the heavy cruiser, USS Wichita, which was stationed there for repairs. <mask> led his vessel during the training off the Virginia Capes for the rest of the month, after which she steamed to Casco Bay in Maine for further maneuvers. Wichita participated in the Naval Battle of Casablanca within the Operation Torch, an Anglo–American invasion of French North Africa, during November 1942 and helped neutralize the primary French defenses, which included coastal guns on El Hank, several submarines, and the incomplete battleship which lay at anchor in the harbor. Wichita was damaged and after series of patrols between Casablanca and Fedhala, she departed for New York for repairs on November 16. <mask> received Bronze Star Medal with Combat "V" for his service in North African waters. <mask> subsequently commanded his vessel to the Pacific theater and participated in the Battle of Rennell Island in January 1943, before he was recalled to Washington, D.C. on March 10, 1943. After brief stint in Washington, D.C., he was promoted to the rank of Rear admiral on April 6, 1943 and appointed Chief of Staff of newly established U.S. Tenth Fleet under his old superior, Admiral Ernest J.King, who delegated the authority to command Tenth Fleet to <mask>. The Tenth Fleet was established as the result of negotiations between Britain, Canada and the United States in order to intercept U-boat operations against the merchant convoys and other allied vessels. It had no battleships, no carriers, no cruisers, no destroyers. Only desks, plotting boards and laboratories. Its personnel numbered less than 500 all landlubbers and half of them scientists. The radio operators and radio directions finders drew attention of german submarines and although the Tenth Fleet did not sink any enemy submarines, it forwarded the reports of enemy activity to the U.S. Atlantic Fleet, Royal Navy and Royal Canadian Navy. Admiral <mask> was responsible for the day-to-day operations of the Tenth Fleet and also maintained the liaison with the General Staff of the United States Army, the British Admiralty and the Canadian Naval Headquarters to insure maximum efficiency in combined operations.He coordinated and directed the activities of Allied anti-submarine forces as they systematically tracked down and destroyed German undersea marauders ranging the vast reaches of the Atlantic. <mask> was also responsible for the protection of Allied shipping in the Eastern, Gulf and Caribbean Sea Frontiers, exercised close control over all convoys under United States cognizance. He remained in this capacity until January 1945, when he was replaced by Rear admiral Allan R. McCann and ordered to the Pacific theater. For his service with Tenth Fleet, <mask> was decorated with the Navy Distinguished Service Medal. He was also appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire. Upon his arrival to the Pacific, <mask> assumed command of Cruiser Division 16, consisting of the battlecruisers and , and directed his force in strikes in support of the landings on Iwo Jima and Okinawa, and in strikes on other islands of the Nansei Shoto and the Japanese home islands of Kyushu and southern Honshu. He was later decorated with the Legion of Merit with Combat "V" for his service during that campaigns.He then led his command during the combat operations off the coasts off the Philippines and received Philippine Legion of Honor, rank Commander. Later career Following the end of War, <mask> was in charge of the surrender and neutralization of all Japanese Naval installations in Korea until November 1945, when he was appointed Commander, Destroyers Pacific Fleet. <mask> remained in this capacity until March 1947, when he assumed command of Service Forces, Pacific. He was also promoted to the rank of Vice admiral at that date. <mask> was ordered to the Navy Department in November 1949 to conduct a special survey of the Navy's anti-submarine program, and in February 1950 was designated Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Logistics. He was responsible for the planning of budget for logistics for all marine forces and its advocating before the congressional committee on appropriations until May 1953, when he became Commander, Western Sea Frontier, and Commander Pacific Reserve Fleet. Upon relieving by Rear admiral John R. Redman, he retired after 41 years of active service on July 1, 1956 and was advanced to the rank of four-star Admiral on the retired list for having been specially commended in combat.<mask> was decorated with Legion of Honour by France and Order of Merit of the Italian Republic as the token of good will. Retirement Upon his retirement from the Navy, <mask> settled in Oakland, California, where he died on January 22, 1964 at Naval Hospital Oakland and is buried there at Mountain View Cemetery. He was survived by his second wife, Alice Regua Filmer <mask> (1900-1982). Decorations Here is the ribbon bar of Admiral <mask><mask>: See also Western Sea Frontier List of United States Navy four-star admirals References 1894 births 1964 deaths People from Albany, New York United States Naval Academy alumni Naval War College alumni United States Navy admirals United States submarine commanders United States Navy personnel of World War I United States Navy World War II admirals Recipients of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal Recipients of the Legion of Merit Commanders of the Order of the British Empire Commandeurs of the Légion d'honneur Recipients of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic

The decorated officer of the United States Navy with the rank of four-star admiral was <mask>. An expert in submarine warfare, <mask> is credited with the idea that twin-engined Army bombers could be launched from an aircraft carrier. This idea was used for the planning of the raid. During the U-boat campaign in the Atlantic Ocean, <mask> distinguished himself as Chief of Staff, U.S. Tenth Fleet, and later as Commander, Western Sea Frontier, and Commander Pacific Reserve Fleet. The son of Commander <mask>, USN, <mask><mask> was born on August 15, 1894 in Albany, New York. <mask> attended high school in Massachusetts after his family moved there. He was appointed to the United States Naval Academy in the summer of 1911.<mask> was a member of the swimming team and held a record. He graduated with a Bachelor's degree in June 1915. Some of his classmates became distinguished general officers later. At the time of his graduation, <mask> was attached to the battleship Connecticut and later transferred to the heavy cruiser Montana. He participated in the Haitian Campaign while on that ship. After his first sea duty, he was attached to the submarine and began training as a submariner. <mask> was attached to the O-9 after six months of training.Robert H. English was a deputy in the coastal patrols and protection of the Atlantic coast from U-boats. The submarine returned to the United States after leaving Newport November 2, 1918. After the end of the War, <mask> was appointed commanding officer of the ship and led her on training cruises off the coast of Virginia. He took part in the submarine experiments with torpedo and underwater detection techniques along the Atlantic coast after he was transferred to the command of the L-2 at the end of January 1920. <mask> assumed command of the newly commissioned S-12 at the end of April 1923 and sailed to Cuba and Hawaii via the Panama Canal. He left S-12 in the summer of 1925 to attend the junior course at the Naval War College. One year after graduating, <mask> was appointed an instructor in the Department of Seamanship at the Naval Academy.He participated in the training exercises in the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans after he was attached to the battleship. He was the officer in charge of the Recruiters' Training School until the summer of 1932. In June 1932, <mask> assumed command of the destroyer Paul Jones after being attached to the Staff, Submarine Squadron 5. He took part in the patrol along the China coast while making occasional voyages to and from Manila. After returning to the United States in March 1934, <mask> was assigned to the Bureau of navigation and later to the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations. He was appointed Commander of Submarine Squadron 13 in the summer of 1937 and held it until 1939. After World War II, <mask> returned to Washington, D.C. and served in the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations.The appointment of an admiral was made. After King became Chief of Naval Operations in March 1942, <mask> assumed duty as Operations Officer and Assistant Chief of Staff for antisubmarine warfare. <mask> came up with the idea that twin-engined Army bombers could be launched from an aircraft carrier after observing several at a naval airfield in Norfolk, Virginia, where the runway was painted with the outline of a carrier deck for landing. The idea was forwarded to the chief of the Army Air Force, General Henry H. Arnold, who was in agreement with <mask>'s opinion. The first air operation to strike the Japanese Home Islands was known as Doolittle Raid. It showed that the Japanese mainland was vulnerable to an American air attack, that the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor provided a boost to American spirits, and that the Japanese mainland was vulnerable to an American air attack. <mask> assumed the Navy Commendation medal for his service in Washington at the beginning of September 1942.He assumed command of the heavy cruiser, which was stationed at the New York Navy Yard for repairs, after he was ordered to the New York Navy Yard. She steamed to Casco Bay in Maine for further maneuvers after <mask> led her off the Virginia Capes for the rest of the month. During the Naval Battle of Casablanca, which took place in November 1942, a battleship lay at anchor in the harbor and coastal guns were used to destroy the French defenses. After a series of patrols between Casablanca and Fedhala, she left for New York for repairs on November 16. The Bronze Star medal was given to <mask> for his service in the North African waters. He was recalled to Washington, D.C. on March 10, 1943, after he participated in the Battle of Rennell Island. After a brief stint in Washington, D.C., he was promoted to the rank of Rear admiral and appointed Chief of Staff of the newly established U.S. Tenth Fleet.The Tenth Fleet was commanded by King. The Tenth Fleet was established as a result of negotiations between Britain, Canada and the United States in order to intercept U-boat operations against merchant convoys and other allied vessels. It did not have battleships, carriers, or destroyers. Only desks, boards and laboratories. Half of its personnel were scientists. Although the Tenth Fleet did not sink any enemy submarine, it forwarded reports of enemy activity to the U.S. Atlantic Fleet, Royal Navy and Royal Canadian Navy. The Tenth Fleet's day-to-day operations were taken care of by Admiral <mask>, who maintained a liaison with the General Staff of the United States Army, the British Admiralty and the Canadian Naval Headquarters.He coordinated and directed the activities of Allied anti-submarine forces as they tracked down and destroyed German undersea marauders. <mask> was responsible for the protection of Allied shipping in the Eastern, Gulf and Caribbean Sea Frontiers and exercised close control over all convoys. In January 1945, he was replaced by Rear admiral Allan R. McCann and ordered to the Pacific theater. The Navy decorated <mask> with a medal for his service with Tenth Fleet. He was made Commander of the British Empire. After arriving in the Pacific, <mask> assumed command of the battlecruisers and directed his force in strikes in support of the landings on Iwo Jima and Okinawa. He was decorated with the Legion of Merit with Combat "V" for his service.He received the Philippine Legion of Honor, the rank of Commander, after leading his command during the combat operations off the coast of the Philippines. <mask> was in charge of the surrender and neutralization of all Japanese Naval installations in Korea until November 1945, when he was appointed Commander, Destroyers Pacific Fleet. In March 1947, <mask> assumed command of Service Forces, Pacific. He was promoted to the rank of Vice admiral. In November 1949, <mask> was ordered to conduct a special survey of the Navy's anti-submarine program, and in February 1950, he became the deputy chief of naval operations for logistics. When he became Commander, Western Sea Frontier, and Commander Pacific Reserve Fleet, he was responsible for the planning of budget for logistics for all marine forces. After being relieved by Rear admiral John R. Redman, he retired after 41 years of active service and was promoted to the rank of four-star admiral.<mask> was decorated with the Legion of Honour by France and the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic as a token of good will. <mask> was buried at Mountain View Cemetery in Oakland, California, after he retired from the Navy. He was survived by his second wife. The Western Sea Frontier List of United States Navy four-star admirals References births 1964 deaths People from Albany, New York United States Naval Academy alumni Naval War College alumni United States Navy admirals United States submarine commanders United States

8560074

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keiko%20Matsuzaka

Keiko Matsuzaka

(born July 20, 1952) is a Japanese actress. Born in Ōta, Tokyo, her father was a naturalized South Korean while her mother was Japanese. Career In the 1960s, Matsuzaka became a child actress. Matsuzaka grew into adulthood in film working for Daiei and Shochiku. Matsuzaka played the "Madonna" role in the 1981 film Naniwa no Koi no Torajirō, the 27th in the Otoko wa Tsurai yo series. The producers called on her again for that role in Torajirō no Endan, the 46th of the 49 installments (1993). Keiko also appeared in Legend of the Eight Samurai (1983), Shin Izakaya Yūrei (1996), Dr. Akagi by Shōhei Imamura (1998), Runin: Banished by Eiji Okuda (2004), and Inugamike no Ichizoku (scheduled for release in 2007). She won the award for best actress at the 6th Hochi Film Award for The Gate of Youth and Tora-san's Love in Osaka, and at the 15th Hochi Film Award for The Sting of Death. Her early television appearances have included the tokusatsu superhero series Ultra Seven (1968). She portrayed Nohime, wife of Oda Nobunaga, in the 1973 NHK Taiga drama Kunitori Monogatari. From 1973 to 1981, she appeared in Edo o Kiru, including five seasons as the character Oyuki. The 1975 Taiga drama Genroku Taiheiki featured Keiko as Aguri (Yōzen'in), the wife and later widow of Asano Naganori in the dramatization of the events of the Forty-seven Ronin. She then appeared in Kusa Moeru in the same time slot in 1979, and portrayed Sada (Kawakami Sadayakko), the lead role in the 1985 Taiga drama Haru no Hatō. Having portrayed Aguri, Keiko also played Riku, the wife of Oishi Yoshio, in Chūshingura Yōzen'in no Inbō, broadcast on January 2, 2007. She played Taira no Tokiko in the 2005 NHK Taiga drama Yoshitsune. She has made numerous other television appearances in series and specials, jidaigeki, contemporary dramas, and variety shows. Recently she is portrayed "Ikushima" in the 2008 NHK Taiga Drama Atsuhime. Matsuzaka has represented a variety of products and companies in television commercials. These include Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Nissin Foods, Yutoku Pharmaceutical Industries, Nissan Sunny, Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Kleenex, and Ōtsuka Foods. Among her other works are songs released in 1979 and 2002, and a book of photographs of her, also in 2002. Filmography Films Green Light to Joy (1967) Rikugun rakugohei (1971) Ju hyo ereji (1971) Play (1971) Kuro no honryu, aka Ordinary Darkness (1972) Miyamoto Musashi, aka Sword of Fury (1973) Ai yori aoku (1973) Stray Dog (1973) The Last Samurai (1974) Double Clutch (1978) The Incident (1978) Bandits vs. Samurai Squadron (1978) The Three Undelivered Letters (1979) Nichiren (1979) Bad Sorts (1980) May love be restored (1980) The Gate of Youth (1981) Tora-san's Love in Osaka (1981) Lovers Lost (1982) The Go Masters (1982) Fall Guy (1982) Theatre of Life (1983) Meiso chizu (1983) Legend of the Eight Samurai (1983) The Go Masters (1983) Make-up (1984) Shanghai Rhapsody (1984) Nezumi kozo kaito den (1984) House on Fire (1987) Beyond the Shining Sea (1986) Hissatsu! III Ura ka Omote ka (1986) Final Take: The Golden Age of Movies (1986) Carefree Goddesses (1987) The Great Department Store Robbery (1987) Lady Camellia, aka Princess Tsubuki (1988) Hana no ran, aka A Chaos of Flowers (1988) The Sting of Death (1990) Goodbye Mama (1991) Otoko wa Tsurai yo: Tora-san's Matchmaker (1993) A Mature Woman (1994) Shin izakaya yurei (1996) Dr. Akagi (1998) Ping Pong Bath Station (1998) Sakuya: Slayer of Demons (2000) Pinch Runner (2000) The Happiness of the Katakuris (2001) The Ripples (2002) The Boat to Heaven (2003) Runin: Banished (2004) Colour Blossoms (2004) Miracle in Four Days (2005) Waru (2006) The Go Master (2006) The Inugamis (2006) Legend of the Demon Cat (2017) The House Where the Mermaid Sleeps (2018) Boku ni Aitakatta (2019) Halloween Party (2022) Television Ultra Seven (1968) Kunitori Monogatari (1973) - Nōhime Edo o Kiru (1973–1981) Genroku Taiheiki (1975) Kusa Moeru (1979) Akō Rōshi (1979) Sekigahara (1981) - Hatsume Haru no Hatō (1985) - Sada Yacco Skip (1996) Mōri Motonari (1997) - Sugi no Kata Prince Shotoku (2001) Paato-taimu tantei (2002) Paato-taimu tantei 2 (2004) Proof of the Man (2004) Yoshitsune (2005) - Taira no Tokiko Chūshingura Yōzen'in no Inbō (2007) Atsuhime (2008) Hana Moyu (2015) Asa ga Kita (2016) Segodon (2018) - Saigō Masa Manpuku (2018) Ōoku the Final (2019) - Jōen-in Doctor-X: Surgeon Michiko Daimon (2019) Ashita no Kazoku (2020) The Makanai: Cooking for the Maiko House (2022) - Chiyo Awards and nominations Japan Academy Prize Japan Academy Prize for Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role nomination in Jiken (1978) Japan Academy Prize for Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role nomination in The Three Undelivered Letters (1979) Japan Academy Prize for Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role nomination in The Wicked (1980) Japan Academy Prize for Popularity Award in The Wicked (1980) Japan Academy Prize for Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in The Gate of Youth and Otoko wa Tsurai yo: Tora-San's Love in Osaka (1981) Japan Academy Prize for Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in Fall Guy and Lovers Lost (1982) Japan Academy Prize for Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role nomination in Shanghai Bansking and Kesho (1984) Japan Academy Prize for Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role nomination in House on Fire and Hako Kirameku Hate (1986) Japan Academy Prize for Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role nomination in Onna Sakasemasu and Princess Tsubaki (1987) Japan Academy Prize for Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in The Sting of Death (1990) Matsuzaka is the only actress who received consecutive lead actress award, and is one of the two actresses to have won three or more competitive awards for acting in leading role, preceded by Sayuri Yoshinaga with 4 awards Blue Ribbon Awards Blue Ribbon Awards for Best Actress in The Gate of Youth and Otoko wa Tsurai yo: Tora-San's Love in Osaka (1981) Blue Ribbon Awards for Best Actress in The Sting of Death (1990) Kinema Junpo Awards Kinema Junpo Award for Best Actress in Fall Guy (1982) Kinema Junpo Award for Best Actress in The Sting of Death (1990) Mainichi Film Awards Mainichi Film Award for Best Actress in Fall Guy and Lovers Lost (1982) Mainichi Film Award for Best Actress in The Sting of Death (1990) Mainichi Film Award for Tanaka Kinuyo Life Achievement Award (1997) Mainichi Film Award for Best Supporting Actress in Sakuya: Slayer of Demons (2000) Mainichi Film Award for Best Supporting Actress in Grave of the Fireflies (2008) Hochi Film Award Hochi Film Award for Best Actress in The Gate of Youth and Otoko wa Tsurai yo: Tora-San's Love in Osaka (1981) Hochi Film Award for Best Actress in The Sting of Death (1990) Nikkan Sports Film Award Nikkan Sports Film Award for Best Actress in The Sting of Death (1990) Miscellaneous awards Yokohama Film Festival for Life Achievement Award (1983) Method Fest Independent Film Festival for Festival Director's Award in Runin: Banished (2004) Osaka International Film Festival for Best Actress in Osaka Hamlet (2010) Elan d'or Awards Newcomer of the Year (1973) Honours 60th NHK Broadcast Cultural Award (2008) Medal with Purple Ribbon (2009) References External links 1952 births People from Ōta, Tokyo Japanese people of South Korean descent Japanese actresses of Korean descent Living people Actresses from Tokyo 20th-century Japanese actresses 21st-century Japanese actresses Taiga drama lead actors Recipients of the Medal with Purple Ribbon Japanese film actresses Japanese television actresses

(born July 20, 1952) is a Japanese actress. Born in Ōta, Tokyo, her father was a naturalized South Korean while her mother was Japanese. Career In the 1960s, Matsuzaka became a child actress. Matsuzaka grew into adulthood in film working for Daiei and Shochiku. Matsuzaka played the "Madonna" role in the 1981 film Naniwa no Koi no Torajirō, the 27th in the Otoko wa Tsurai yo series. The producers called on her again for that role in Torajirō no Endan, the 46th of the 49 installments (1993). <mask> also appeared in Legend of the Eight Samurai (1983), Shin Izakaya Yūrei (1996), Dr. Akagi by Shōhei Imamura (1998), Runin: Banished by Eiji Okuda (2004), and Inugamike no Ichizoku (scheduled for release in 2007).She won the award for best actress at the 6th Hochi Film Award for The Gate of Youth and Tora-san's Love in Osaka, and at the 15th Hochi Film Award for The Sting of Death. Her early television appearances have included the tokusatsu superhero series Ultra Seven (1968). She portrayed Nohime, wife of Oda Nobunaga, in the 1973 NHK Taiga drama Kunitori Monogatari. From 1973 to 1981, she appeared in Edo o Kiru, including five seasons as the character Oyuki. The 1975 Taiga drama Genroku Taiheiki featured <mask> as Aguri (Yōzen'in), the wife and later widow of Asano Naganori in the dramatization of the events of the Forty-seven Ronin. She then appeared in Kusa Moeru in the same time slot in 1979, and portrayed Sada (Kawakami Sadayakko), the lead role in the 1985 Taiga drama Haru no Hatō. Having portrayed Aguri, <mask> also played Riku, the wife of Oishi Yoshio, in Chūshingura Yōzen'in no Inbō, broadcast on January 2, 2007.She played Taira no Tokiko in the 2005 NHK Taiga drama Yoshitsune. She has made numerous other television appearances in series and specials, jidaigeki, contemporary dramas, and variety shows. Recently she is portrayed "Ikushima" in the 2008 NHK Taiga Drama Atsuhime. Matsuzaka has represented a variety of products and companies in television commercials. These include Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Nissin Foods, Yutoku Pharmaceutical Industries, Nissan Sunny, Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Kleenex, and Ōtsuka Foods. Among her other works are songs released in 1979 and 2002, and a book of photographs of her, also in 2002. Filmography Films Green Light to Joy (1967) Rikugun rakugohei (1971) Ju hyo ereji (1971) Play (1971) Kuro no honryu, aka Ordinary Darkness (1972) Miyamoto Musashi, aka Sword of Fury (1973) Ai yori aoku (1973) Stray Dog (1973) The Last Samurai (1974) Double Clutch (1978) The Incident (1978) Bandits vs. Samurai Squadron (1978) The Three Undelivered Letters (1979) Nichiren (1979) Bad Sorts (1980) May love be restored (1980) The Gate of Youth (1981) Tora-san's Love in Osaka (1981) Lovers Lost (1982) The Go Masters (1982) Fall Guy (1982) Theatre of Life (1983) Meiso chizu (1983) Legend of the Eight Samurai (1983) The Go Masters (1983) Make-up (1984) Shanghai Rhapsody (1984) Nezumi kozo kaito den (1984) House on Fire (1987) Beyond the Shining Sea (1986) Hissatsu!

She is a Japanese actress. Her father was a naturalized South Korean while her mother was Japanese. Matsuzaka became a child actress in the 1960s. Matsuzaka worked for Daiei and Shochiku in film. Matsuzaka played the role of Madonna in the Otoko wa Tsurai yo series. She reprised her role in Torajir no Endan, the 46th of the 49 installments. <mask> appeared in Legend of the Eight Samurai, Shin Izakaya Yrei, Dr. Akagi, Runin: Banished, and Inugamike no Ichizoku.She won the award for best actress at the 6th Hochi Film Award for The Gate of Youth, and at the 15th Hochi Film Award for The Sting of Death. Ultra Seven was her first television appearance. She played the wife of Oda Nobunaga in a NHK Taiga drama. She played the character Oyuki in Edo o Kiru for five seasons. <mask> played Aguri (Yzen'in), the wife and later widow of Asanori, in the dramatization of the events of the Forty-seven Ronin. She played the lead role of Sada in the 1985 Taiga drama Haru no Hat. <mask> played Riku, Aguri's wife, in Chshingura Yzen'in no Inb, broadcast on January 2, 2007.She was in the 2005 NHK Taiga drama Yoshitsune. She has appeared in a number of television shows. She was portrayed in the NHK Taiga Drama Atsuhime. Matsuzaka has represented companies in commercials. Nissin Foods, Nissan Sunny, and tsuka Foods are included. A book of photographs of her, as well as songs released in 1979 and 2002, are among her other works. Green Light to Joy was a film.

66475266

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred%20Marzorati

Alfred Marzorati

Alfred Frédéric Gérard Marzorati (28 September 1881 – 11 December 1955) was a Belgian lawyer and colonial administrator. He served at the bar in Brussels, then became a magistrate in the Belgian Congo. During World War I he was a legal advisor to the Belgian forces occupying German East Africa. He was appointed royal commissioner in charge of the Belgian mandate of Ruanda-Urundi in 1919, and strongly supported the 1926 administrative union between these territories and the Belgian Congo. Marzorati left Africa due to health problems in 1929, and retired from the colonial service in 1931 to take up an academic career, but continued to play an active role in Belgian colonial affairs for the remainder of his life. He was opposed to bringing European settlers to Africa, and saw Belgium's role as being to help the indigenous people develop a modern economy and political structure which could become fully autonomous. Early years (1881–1912) Alfred-Frédéric-Gérard Marzorati was born in Tournai, Belgium on 28 September 1881. His parents were Clément-Auguste Marzorati and Marie-Agnès Ervens. Marzorati attended the Free University of Brussels from 1899 to 1904, graduating with a doctorate in Law. He joined the bar in Brussels, interned with the permanent deputy M. Richard and then became an assistant to Thomas Braun. He became an advocate at the Brussels Court of Appeal. Colonial administrator Magistrate, Belgian Congo (1912–1916) On 27 January 1912 Marzorati became a deputy magistrate in Elizabethville in the Belgian Congo. He then became a deputy of the public prosecutor in Tanganika-Moero territory. In 1914, just before the start of World War II (1914––1918) Marzorati was appointed a judge in the court of Lomami Territory. From 13 November 1914 to 28 March 1915 he was in charge of the Lomami District administration. He then became the president judge at the court of first instance in Stanleyville, and chair of the council of war in Kongolo. Legal advisor, East Africa (1917–1919) Marzorati was on leave from 6 July 1916 to 23 January 1917 in Le Havre and London. He was then appointed auditor general of the occupation troops in the territories that had been conquered from German East Africa, as well as legal advisor to General Justin Malfeyt, commissioner royal in charge of the regions of German East Africa controlled by Belgian troops. He was based first in Tabora and then in Kigoma. Royal commissioner, Ruanda-Urundi (1919–1926) When General Malfeyt returned to Europe in December 1919, Marzorati became interim royal commissioner. In March 1921 Marzorati arranged for the transfer to British control of the East African regions occupied by Belgium apart from Ruanda and Urundi. On 21 September 1921 Marzorati returned to Belgium on leave. He was promoted to commissioner general. He married, and returned to Usumbura in Urundi with his wife. During his absence Pierre Ryckmans, the future governor general of the Belgian Congo, was acting royal commissioner. By late 1924 the Belgian Foreign Ministry was starting to suspect that German agitation for return of her colonies was affecting British opinion. Marzorati was concerned that loss of Ruanda and Urundi would deprive Belgium of a source of food and labor for the Katanga mines. He advised the minister that if the territories were to be returned, favorable boundaries should at least be guaranteed. The director general of the colonial ministry, Halewyck de Heusch, prompted the minister to ask the governor general of the Congo and Marzorati whether their administrations should be merged. Marzorati fully approved of the idea, since the more developed administration of the Congo had the people and resources to maintain order and introduce "civilization" through education, infrastructure, penal reforms and stronger administration. Governor, Ruanda-Urundi (1926–1929) Marzorati returned on leave to Belgium on 17 December 1925. He was more interested in the Belgian Congo than the mandated territories, and in 1925 arranged for an administrative union between Ruanda-Urundi and the Belgian Congo, and a change in his title from royal commissioner to vice-governor general of the Belgian Congo and governor of Ruanda-Urundi. On 28 August 1926 he was appointed vice-governor general of the Belgian Congo and governor of Ruanda-Urundi. These territories were not legally part of the Belgian Congo, but were subject to control by the Permanent Mandates Commission of the League of Nations. Marzorati represented the Belgian government to this commission. The administrative union with the Belgian Congo was controversial, and Marzorati met the commission in Geneva in 1926 to explain it. Marzorati did not always get on well with Pierre Ryckmans, his subordinate. In May 1927 the agent in charge of the school at Muramvya caused a serious incident. A large group of local people had gathered to dance as a sign of allegiance, but the agent told them to first lay down their weapons, which was contrary to all traditions. Marzorati ordered a strong military march through the region, which Ryckmans opposed on the basis that Belgian superiority was already established. Ryckmans explained at length about the meaning of kwiyereka dances, with many historical examples, before Marzorati backed down. Later Ryckmans learned that Madame Marzorati held grievances against him for pruning the eucalyptus and flamboyant trees in the governor's gardens. Marzorati wanted to maintain the traditional local laws to the extent they were compatible with Belgian colonial ordinances, and gradually adapt these laws to cultural and economic developments. He tried to improve agricultural production to avoid periodic famines, promote development of an indigenous peasantry and facilitate temporary movement of labor to the industrial centers of Katanga Province in the Belgian Congo. Marzorati notified the White Fathers on 20 May 1928 that the rules regarding installation of chapel schools were being modified to allow schools of different denominations to be established. Permission to use sites that had not yet been occupied was withdrawn, and administrative pressure was applied to ensure that any temporary structures would gradually be abandoned and only durable structures would remain. Louis Joseph Postiaux assumed office as deputy governor general of Ruanda-Urundi in August 1926. At the end of 1928 Marzorati almost died from typhoid fever, and Postiaux took over as acting governor in January 1929. Later career (1931–1955) Marzorati returned to Europe on 3 February 1929. During his convalescence he chaired the manpower advisory committee for Ruandi-Urundi, but due to his health could not return to Central Africa. In November 1929 Marzorati again met the Permanent Mandates Commission in Geneva to defend Belgium against strong public criticism of the response to the Rwandan famine. He retired from the colonial service on 9 February 1931. In 1931 he rejoined the Brussels bar, and defended some cases assigned to him by the Ministry of Finance. He represented the government on the Board of the Société minière du Kasai. On 16 May 1931 Marzorati became a lecturer of the Free University of Brussels, holding this position for twenty years. At the start of World War II he became temporary professor of comparative colonial policy and the economic regime of the Belgian Congo at the University of Brussels. After World War II he also taught at the university's Political and Social Sciences School and Business School. He became an associate of the Royal Belgian Colonial Institute (now the Royal Academy for Overseas Sciences) on 25 June 1931, and a full member on 24 October 1946. He died in Uccle, Belgium on 11 December 1955. Views Marzorati was opposed to colonization of Africa by white settlers, and wrote in 1954, "The only duty of government is to create the foundation which will allow indigenous society to gradually attain what we might call autonomy, in the sense that this word has in the countries of the West, and to set aside all that is contrary to this development." He believed in intense industrialization, combined with a policy of high wages, which would cause natural selection of profitable businesses and build a self-sufficient economy. In parallel the political evolution of Africans would develop based on district and territorial councils. In 1953 he said, "Better a healthy and vigorous associate, than a weak and discontented servant." Before his death Marzorati, a socialist, expressed hope that a movement would be started to consider African peoples and their problems. A.A.J. Van Bilsen tried to realize this wish, and with a group of African and Belgian friends formed the "Groupe-Marzorati" to consider the problem of raising the political awareness of the Congolese without losing sight of the economic, social and educational issues, and the administrative and cultural conditions that constrain politics. Notes Sources 1881 births 1955 deaths 20th-century Belgian lawyers Belgian Congo officials Colonial governors of Ruanda-Urundi People from Tournai Free University of Brussels (1834–1969) alumni

<mask> (28 September 1881 – 11 December 1955) was a Belgian lawyer and colonial administrator. He served at the bar in Brussels, then became a magistrate in the Belgian Congo. During World War I he was a legal advisor to the Belgian forces occupying German East Africa. He was appointed royal commissioner in charge of the Belgian mandate of Ruanda-Urundi in 1919, and strongly supported the 1926 administrative union between these territories and the Belgian Congo. <mask> left Africa due to health problems in 1929, and retired from the colonial service in 1931 to take up an academic career, but continued to play an active role in Belgian colonial affairs for the remainder of his life. He was opposed to bringing European settlers to Africa, and saw Belgium's role as being to help the indigenous people develop a modern economy and political structure which could become fully autonomous. Early years (1881–1912) <mask>-Frédéric-<mask> was born in Tournai, Belgium on 28 September 1881.His parents were Clément-<mask> and Marie-Agnès Ervens. Marzorati attended the Free University of Brussels from 1899 to 1904, graduating with a doctorate in Law. He joined the bar in Brussels, interned with the permanent deputy M. Richard and then became an assistant to Thomas Braun. He became an advocate at the Brussels Court of Appeal. Colonial administrator Magistrate, Belgian Congo (1912–1916) On 27 January 1912 Marzorati became a deputy magistrate in Elizabethville in the Belgian Congo. He then became a deputy of the public prosecutor in Tanganika-Moero territory. In 1914, just before the start of World War II (1914––1918) Marzorati was appointed a judge in the court of Lomami Territory.From 13 November 1914 to 28 March 1915 he was in charge of the Lomami District administration. He then became the president judge at the court of first instance in Stanleyville, and chair of the council of war in Kongolo. Legal advisor, East Africa (1917–1919) Marzorati was on leave from 6 July 1916 to 23 January 1917 in Le Havre and London. He was then appointed auditor general of the occupation troops in the territories that had been conquered from German East Africa, as well as legal advisor to General Justin Malfeyt, commissioner royal in charge of the regions of German East Africa controlled by Belgian troops. He was based first in Tabora and then in Kigoma. Royal commissioner, Ruanda-Urundi (1919–1926) When General Malfeyt returned to Europe in December 1919, Marzorati became interim royal commissioner. In March 1921 Marzorati arranged for the transfer to British control of the East African regions occupied by Belgium apart from Ruanda and Urundi.On 21 September 1921 <mask> returned to Belgium on leave. He was promoted to commissioner general. He married, and returned to Usumbura in Urundi with his wife. During his absence Pierre Ryckmans, the future governor general of the Belgian Congo, was acting royal commissioner. By late 1924 the Belgian Foreign Ministry was starting to suspect that German agitation for return of her colonies was affecting British opinion. Marzorati was concerned that loss of Ruanda and Urundi would deprive Belgium of a source of food and labor for the Katanga mines. He advised the minister that if the territories were to be returned, favorable boundaries should at least be guaranteed.The director general of the colonial ministry, Halewyck de Heusch, prompted the minister to ask the governor general of the Congo and Marzorati whether their administrations should be merged. Marzorati fully approved of the idea, since the more developed administration of the Congo had the people and resources to maintain order and introduce "civilization" through education, infrastructure, penal reforms and stronger administration. Governor, Ruanda-Urundi (1926–1929) Marzorati returned on leave to Belgium on 17 December 1925. He was more interested in the Belgian Congo than the mandated territories, and in 1925 arranged for an administrative union between Ruanda-Urundi and the Belgian Congo, and a change in his title from royal commissioner to vice-governor general of the Belgian Congo and governor of Ruanda-Urundi. On 28 August 1926 he was appointed vice-governor general of the Belgian Congo and governor of Ruanda-Urundi. These territories were not legally part of the Belgian Congo, but were subject to control by the Permanent Mandates Commission of the League of Nations. Marzorati represented the Belgian government to this commission.The administrative union with the Belgian Congo was controversial, and Marzorati met the commission in Geneva in 1926 to explain it. Marzorati did not always get on well with Pierre Ryckmans, his subordinate. In May 1927 the agent in charge of the school at Muramvya caused a serious incident. A large group of local people had gathered to dance as a sign of allegiance, but the agent told them to first lay down their weapons, which was contrary to all traditions. Marzorati ordered a strong military march through the region, which Ryckmans opposed on the basis that Belgian superiority was already established. Ryckmans explained at length about the meaning of kwiyereka dances, with many historical examples, before Marzorati backed down. Later Ryckmans learned that Madame Marzorati held grievances against him for pruning the eucalyptus and flamboyant trees in the governor's gardens.Marzorati wanted to maintain the traditional local laws to the extent they were compatible with Belgian colonial ordinances, and gradually adapt these laws to cultural and economic developments. He tried to improve agricultural production to avoid periodic famines, promote development of an indigenous peasantry and facilitate temporary movement of labor to the industrial centers of Katanga Province in the Belgian Congo. Marzorati notified the White Fathers on 20 May 1928 that the rules regarding installation of chapel schools were being modified to allow schools of different denominations to be established. Permission to use sites that had not yet been occupied was withdrawn, and administrative pressure was applied to ensure that any temporary structures would gradually be abandoned and only durable structures would remain. Louis Joseph Postiaux assumed office as deputy governor general of Ruanda-Urundi in August 1926. At the end of 1928 Marzorati almost died from typhoid fever, and Postiaux took over as acting governor in January 1929. Later career (1931–1955) Marzorati returned to Europe on 3 February 1929.During his convalescence he chaired the manpower advisory committee for Ruandi-Urundi, but due to his health could not return to Central Africa. In November 1929 Marzorati again met the Permanent Mandates Commission in Geneva to defend Belgium against strong public criticism of the response to the Rwandan famine. He retired from the colonial service on 9 February 1931. In 1931 he rejoined the Brussels bar, and defended some cases assigned to him by the Ministry of Finance. He represented the government on the Board of the Société minière du Kasai. On 16 May 1931 Marzorati became a lecturer of the Free University of Brussels, holding this position for twenty years. At the start of World War II he became temporary professor of comparative colonial policy and the economic regime of the Belgian Congo at the University of Brussels.After World War II he also taught at the university's Political and Social Sciences School and Business School. He became an associate of the Royal Belgian Colonial Institute (now the Royal Academy for Overseas Sciences) on 25 June 1931, and a full member on 24 October 1946. He died in Uccle, Belgium on 11 December 1955. Views Marzorati was opposed to colonization of Africa by white settlers, and wrote in 1954, "The only duty of government is to create the foundation which will allow indigenous society to gradually attain what we might call autonomy, in the sense that this word has in the countries of the West, and to set aside all that is contrary to this development." He believed in intense industrialization, combined with a policy of high wages, which would cause natural selection of profitable businesses and build a self-sufficient economy. In parallel the political evolution of Africans would develop based on district and territorial councils. In 1953 he said, "Better a healthy and vigorous associate, than a weak and discontented servant."Before his death <mask>, a socialist, expressed hope that a movement would be started to consider African peoples and their problems. A.A.J. Van Bilsen tried to realize this wish, and with a group of African and Belgian friends formed the "Groupe-Marzorati" to consider the problem of raising the political awareness of the Congolese without losing sight of the economic, social and educational issues, and the administrative and cultural conditions that constrain politics. Notes Sources 1881 births 1955 deaths 20th-century Belgian lawyers Belgian Congo officials Colonial governors of Ruanda-Urundi People from Tournai Free University of Brussels (1834–1969) alumni

<mask> was a Belgian lawyer and colonial administrator. He became a judge in the Belgian Congo after serving at the bar. He was a legal advisor to the Belgian forces during World War I. He was appointed royal commissioner in charge of the Belgian mandate in 1919 and supported the administrative union between these territories and the Belgian Congo. Marzorati left Africa due to health problems in 1929, and retired from the colonial service in 1931 to take up an academic career, but continued to play an active role in Belgian colonial affairs for the rest of his life. He was against bringing European settlers to Africa and was in favor of Belgium helping the indigenous people develop a modern economy and political structure. <mask>- Frédéric-<mask> was born in Tournai, Belgium.His parents were Clément-<mask> and Marie-Agns Ervens. Marzorati graduated with a doctorate in Law from the Free University of Brussels. He became an assistant to Thomas Braun after working in the bar. He was an advocate at the court. Marzorati became a deputy magistrate in Elizabethville in the Belgian Congo on January 27, 1912. He became a deputy in the public prosecutor's office. Marzorati was appointed a judge in the court of Lomami Territory just before the start of World War II.He was in charge of the district from November to March 1915. He became the president judge at the court of first instance in Stanleyville and chair of the council of war in Kongolo. Marzorati was on leave from July 1916 to January 1917. He was appointed auditor general of the occupation troops in the territories that had been conquered from German East Africa, as well as legal advisor to General Justin Malfeyt, commissioner royal in charge of the regions of German East Africa controlled by Belgian troops. He was based in both Kigoma and Tabora. When General Malfeyt returned to Europe in December 1919, Marzorati became interim royal commissioner. Marzorati arranged for the transfer of control of the East African regions to the British in March of 1921.Marzorati returned to Belgium on September 21st, 1921. He was promoted to the position of commissioner general. He married and went back to Usumbura with his wife. The future governor general of the Belgian Congo was acting royal commissioner during his absence. The Belgian Foreign Ministry was starting to suspect that British opinion was being affected by the German movement for the return of her colonies. Marzorati was worried about the loss of a source of food and labor in Belgium. He told the minister that favorable boundaries should be guaranteed if the territories were to be returned.The director general of the colonial ministry asked the minister if their administrations should be merged. Marzorati approved of the idea because the more developed administration had the people and resources to maintain order and introduce "civilization" through education, infrastructure, penal reforms and stronger administration. <mask> returned to Belgium on December 17, 1925. In 1925, he changed his title from royal commissioner to vice-governor general of the Belgian Congo, and arranged for an administrative union between the two countries. He was appointed vice-governor general of the Belgian Congo on August 28, 1926. The territories were under the control of the Permanent Mandates Commission of the League of Nations. The Belgian government was represented by Marzorati.Marzorati met the commission in Switzerland to explain the union. Marzorati did not always get along with Pierre. The agent in charge of the school caused a serious incident in 1927. A large group of local people had gathered to dance as a sign of their loyalty, but the agent told them to lay down their weapons, which was contrary to all traditions. Marzorati ordered a military march through the region in order to establish Belgian superiority. Marzorati backed down after Ryckmans explained the meaning of the dances. Madame Marzorati had grievances against him for trimming the flamboyant trees in the governor's gardens.Marzorati wanted to adapt the local laws to the cultural and economic changes of the time. He tried to improve agricultural production to avoid famines and promote the development of an indigenous peasantry. The White Fathers were notified by Marzorati that the rules regarding installation of chapel schools were being changed to allow schools of different denominations to be established. Permission to use sites that had not yet been occupied was withdrawn, and administrative pressure was applied to ensure that any temporary structures would gradually be abandoned and only durable structures would remain. The deputy governor general was Louis Joseph Postiaux. Marzorati almost died from the disease at the end of 1928, and Postiaux took over as acting governor in January 1929. Marzorati returned to Europe on February 3, 1929.Due to his health, he couldn't return to Central Africa. Marzorati met the Permanent Mandates Commission in Switzerland to defend Belgium against public criticism of the response to the famine. On February 9, 1931, he retired from the colonial service. He defended some cases assigned to him by the Ministry of Finance. He was a board member of the government. Marzorati was a lecturer at the Free University of Brussels for twenty years. He was a professor of comparative colonial policy at the University of Brussels at the start of World War II.He taught at the Political and Social Sciences School after World War II. He became a full member of the Royal Academy for Overseas Sciences on 24 October 1946, after becoming an associate of the Royal Belgian Colonial Institute. On December 11, 1955, he died in Uccle, Belgium. Marzorati was opposed to colonization of Africa by white settlers, and wrote in 1954. He believed that industrialization and high wages would cause natural selection of profitable businesses and build a self-sufficient economy. The political evolution of Africans would be based on the district and territorial councils. He said that a healthy and vigorous associate was better than a weak and discontented servant.Marzorati hoped that a movement would be started to consider the problems of African people. A.A.J. The Groupe-Marzorati was formed by Van Bilsen and a group of African and Belgian friends to consider the problem of raising the political awareness of the Congolese without losing sight of the economic, social and educational issues. There are 1881 births and 1955 deaths of people from Tournai Free University of Brussels.

10644783

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Cohen%20%28boxer%29

Robert Cohen (boxer)

Robert Cohen (born 15 November 1930) is a French retired boxer. Cohen was world bantamweight champion from 1954 to 1956. He was managed by Robert (Bobby) Diamond, and Gaston Charles-Raymond. Early life and amateur career Cohen was born in Bone, a port city in Algeria, on November 15, 1930 to a Jewish family in a French territory suffering from the shadow of the Pro-Nazi Vichy regime. Though the family survived the Holocaust, Cohen's father had little wish for his son to pursue a career in boxing. Robert would sometimes escape the house using the window to watch his older brother Leon earn a living boxing. Entering the French Amateur Championships after winning an Algerian title in 1950, he was beaten in the finals by Jacques Dumesnil. The following year he lost the finals again to Joseph Perez, but caught the attention of European promoter Charles Raymond who offered to manage him. Professional career Cohen, who at 5' 3-1/2", was a short but muscular champion, who won the French bantamweight title in November 1953 and the European championship in January 1954. Between September 1951 and May 1954, Cohen won a remarkable 34 of 37 fights, losing only one to Robert Munier in Paris and drawing twice. On October 20, 1952, he defeated Theo Medina in a ten-round points decision in Paris. Andre Valignat fell to Cohen on November 17, 1952 in another ten round points decision. Cohen upset Jean Snyers, winning a ten-round points decision in Paris on February 23, 1953. He defeated Pappy Gault on April 15, 1953 in a ten-round points decision in Paris before a crowd of 8,000. French and European bantam champ On November 6, 1953, Cohen defeated French bantamweight champion Maurice Sandeyron easily taking the title in a fifteen-round bout in Paris, having beaten Sandeyron earlier on January 19, in a ninth-round knockout in a non-title bout. A religious Jew, one source noted that he briefly attended a Synagogue the morning of the match. Cohen defeated Jake Tuli on December 14, 1953, in Manchester, England in ten rounds. Before a crowd of 20,000, on February 27, 1954, Cohen took the European Bantamweight Title, defeating John Kelly in a third-round knockout in Belfast, Northern Ireland. Cohen knocked Kelly to the mat for counts of four, seven and six in the second round. Kelly was down again at the end of the second from a right hook shortly before the bell. Thirty seconds into the third, Kelly went down for the full count from a right to the jaw. World bantam champ On September 19, 1954, he won the vacant World bantamweight title in a fifteen-round split decision in Bangkok, Thailand, against police Lieutenant Chamroem Songkitrat. An enormous crowd of 60,000 that included the King and Queen of Thailand watched the bloody contest. Cohen was left with a badly sprained or broken wrist in the fifth and his opponent with a broken nose. Cohen was formerly the European Bantamweight Champion. Later that year, his marriage took place at the Synagogue de la rue des Tournelles, in Paris, presided by Rabbi David Feuerwerker. On December 20, 1954, he defeated Roy Ankrah in a fourth-round technical knockout in Paris. Stripped of World bantam title On December 23, 1954, Cohen was stripped of his title by the National Boxing Association for failing to defend it within 90 days against Raul "Raton" Macias. Few sanctioning bodies other than the NBA recognized Macias as the World Champion. Both the New York State Athletic Commission and the European Boxing Union continued to recognize Cohen as champion. On December 11, 1955 Cohen lost in a ten-round technical knockout against French featherweight champion Cherif Hamia before a crowd of 14,000. Cohen was down for an eight count in the second from a right cross to the jaw and was down again in the seventh from a right hook. The referee ended the bout 1:27 into the tenth round, when Cohen's left brow was injured by a left from Hamia. Some time after the bout, Cohen was severely injured in an automobile accident, and suffered a broken jaw. He attempted to defend his title, but the injury shortened his career. On September 3, 1955, he drew with Willie Toweel in a fifteen-round world bantamweight title bout in Johannesburg, South Africa. Cohen dropped Toweel three times in the second and put him down a no count in the tenth. Toweel had never been knocked to the mat in a previous bout. In a brutal bout, Cohen was deeply fatigued by the end of the match. Cohen lost a title bout to Mario D'Agata on June 29, 1956 before a crowd of 38,000, in a seventh-round technical knockout in Rome. D'Agata dropped Cohen to the mat for a nine count near the end of the sixth. After the sixth ended, the referee stopped the fight due to a serious gash over the left brow of Cohen. D'Agata appeared superior in the in-fighting, and many of Cohen's blows were wide of his mark. America's National Boxing Association (NBA) did not recognize the match as a title bout, though nearly every other world boxing organization did. Only a year and a half earlier, D'Agata had been injured by a shotgun blast. His professional record over 43 bouts was 36 wins (13 KOs), 4 losses, and 3 draws. Life after boxing Cohen retired after his fight with Mario D'Agata, and a comeback attempt three years later against Peter Locke in July 1959. Suffering from injuries, he retired from boxing in the 1960s, and moved with his wife, Zita, to the Congo and began working in his father-in-law's textile and retail business. Unhappy in the textile business, he opened a boxing gym with some success, but his best boxers left for Europe after it was nationalized, and he left the gym. In the 1980s Cohen managed a textile import and export business in Brussels, Belgium. His biography, Gambuch, a book written by Michel Rosenzweig was published in 2012 by the widely-known French publisher L'Harmattan. A movie of Cohen's life, produced by Shanghai-based Italian entrepreneur Jonathan L. Hasson, was in production in 2012. Hall of Fame Cohen, who is Jewish, was inducted into the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 1988. Professional boxing record See also List of bantamweight boxing champions List of select Jewish boxers References External links BoxRec bio When a Cohen was the world champion boxer at The Jewish Chronicle Robert Cohen - CBZ Profile 1930 births Living people Jewish French sportspeople Bantamweight boxers Jewish boxers World bantamweight boxing champions World boxing champions French male boxers Algerian emigrants to Belgium

<mask> (born 15 November 1930) is a French retired boxer. <mask> was world bantamweight champion from 1954 to 1956. He was managed by <mask>Bobby) Diamond, and Gaston Charles-Raymond. Early life and amateur career <mask> was born in Bone, a port city in Algeria, on November 15, 1930 to a Jewish family in a French territory suffering from the shadow of the Pro-Nazi Vichy regime. Though the family survived the Holocaust, <mask>'s father had little wish for his son to pursue a career in boxing. <mask> would sometimes escape the house using the window to watch his older brother Leon earn a living boxing. Entering the French Amateur Championships after winning an Algerian title in 1950, he was beaten in the finals by Jacques Dumesnil.The following year he lost the finals again to Joseph Perez, but caught the attention of European promoter Charles Raymond who offered to manage him. Professional career <mask>, who at 5' 3-1/2", was a short but muscular champion, who won the French bantamweight title in November 1953 and the European championship in January 1954. Between September 1951 and May 1954, <mask> won a remarkable 34 of 37 fights, losing only one to <mask> in Paris and drawing twice. On October 20, 1952, he defeated Theo Medina in a ten-round points decision in Paris. Andre Valignat fell to <mask> on November 17, 1952 in another ten round points decision. <mask> upset Jean Snyers, winning a ten-round points decision in Paris on February 23, 1953. He defeated Pappy Gault on April 15, 1953 in a ten-round points decision in Paris before a crowd of 8,000.French and European bantam champ On November 6, 1953, <mask> defeated French bantamweight champion Maurice Sandeyron easily taking the title in a fifteen-round bout in Paris, having beaten Sandeyron earlier on January 19, in a ninth-round knockout in a non-title bout. A religious Jew, one source noted that he briefly attended a Synagogue the morning of the match. <mask> defeated Jake Tuli on December 14, 1953, in Manchester, England in ten rounds. Before a crowd of 20,000, on February 27, 1954, <mask> took the European Bantamweight Title, defeating John Kelly in a third-round knockout in Belfast, Northern Ireland. <mask> knocked Kelly to the mat for counts of four, seven and six in the second round. Kelly was down again at the end of the second from a right hook shortly before the bell. Thirty seconds into the third, Kelly went down for the full count from a right to the jaw.World bantam champ On September 19, 1954, he won the vacant World bantamweight title in a fifteen-round split decision in Bangkok, Thailand, against police Lieutenant Chamroem Songkitrat. An enormous crowd of 60,000 that included the King and Queen of Thailand watched the bloody contest. <mask> was left with a badly sprained or broken wrist in the fifth and his opponent with a broken nose. <mask> was formerly the European Bantamweight Champion. Later that year, his marriage took place at the Synagogue de la rue des Tournelles, in Paris, presided by Rabbi David Feuerwerker. On December 20, 1954, he defeated Roy Ankrah in a fourth-round technical knockout in Paris. Stripped of World bantam title On December 23, 1954, <mask> was stripped of his title by the National Boxing Association for failing to defend it within 90 days against Raul "Raton" Macias.Few sanctioning bodies other than the NBA recognized Macias as the World Champion. Both the New York State Athletic Commission and the European Boxing Union continued to recognize <mask> as champion. On December 11, 1955 <mask> lost in a ten-round technical knockout against French featherweight champion Cherif Hamia before a crowd of 14,000. <mask> was down for an eight count in the second from a right cross to the jaw and was down again in the seventh from a right hook. The referee ended the bout 1:27 into the tenth round, when <mask>'s left brow was injured by a left from Hamia. Some time after the bout, <mask> was severely injured in an automobile accident, and suffered a broken jaw. He attempted to defend his title, but the injury shortened his career.On September 3, 1955, he drew with Willie Toweel in a fifteen-round world bantamweight title bout in Johannesburg, South Africa. <mask> dropped Toweel three times in the second and put him down a no count in the tenth. Toweel had never been knocked to the mat in a previous bout. In a brutal bout, <mask> was deeply fatigued by the end of the match. <mask> lost a title bout to Mario D'Agata on June 29, 1956 before a crowd of 38,000, in a seventh-round technical knockout in Rome. D'Agata dropped <mask> to the mat for a nine count near the end of the sixth. After the sixth ended, the referee stopped the fight due to a serious gash over the left brow of <mask>.D'Agata appeared superior in the in-fighting, and many of <mask>'s blows were wide of his mark. America's National Boxing Association (NBA) did not recognize the match as a title bout, though nearly every other world boxing organization did. Only a year and a half earlier, D'Agata had been injured by a shotgun blast. His professional record over 43 bouts was 36 wins (13 KOs), 4 losses, and 3 draws. Life after boxing <mask> retired after his fight with Mario D'Agata, and a comeback attempt three years later against Peter Locke in July 1959. Suffering from injuries, he retired from boxing in the 1960s, and moved with his wife, Zita, to the Congo and began working in his father-in-law's textile and retail business. Unhappy in the textile business, he opened a boxing gym with some success, but his best boxers left for Europe after it was nationalized, and he left the gym.In the 1980s <mask> managed a textile import and export business in Brussels, Belgium. His biography, Gambuch, a book written by Michel Rosenzweig was published in 2012 by the widely-known French publisher L'Harmattan. A movie of <mask>'s life, produced by Shanghai-based Italian entrepreneur Jonathan L. Hasson, was in production in 2012. Hall of Fame <mask>, who is Jewish, was inducted into the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 1988. Professional boxing record See also List of bantamweight boxing champions List of select Jewish boxers References External links BoxRec bio When a <mask> was the world champion boxer at The Jewish Chronicle <mask> - CBZ Profile 1930 births Living people Jewish French sportspeople Bantamweight boxers Jewish boxers World bantamweight boxing champions World boxing champions French male boxers Algerian emigrants to Belgium

<mask> is a retired boxer. <mask> was a world bantamweight champion. He was managed by two men. <mask> was born in Bone, a port city in Algeria, on November 15, 1930, to a Jewish family in a French territory suffering from the shadow of the Pro-Nazi Vichy regime. <mask>'s father did not want his son to pursue a career in boxing. Leon would earn a living boxing and <mask> would sometimes escape the house to watch him. He was beaten in the finals of the French Amateur Championships after winning an Algerian title.Charles Raymond, a European promoter, offered to manage him after he lost the finals to Joseph Perez. <mask> won the French bantamweight title in November 1953 and the European championship in January 1954. <mask> won 34 of 37 fights between September 1951 and May 1954. He defeated Theo Medina in a ten-round points decision. Valignat fell to <mask> in a ten round points decision. <mask> won a ten-round points decision against Jean Snyers in Paris. He defeated Pappy Gault in a ten-round points decision in Paris on April 15, 1953.<mask> defeated Maurice Sandeyron in a fifteen-round bout in Paris on November 6, 1953 to become the French and European bantamweight champ. One source said that a religious Jew attended a Synagogue on the morning of the match. <mask> defeated Jake Tuli in ten rounds. <mask> defeated John Kelly in a third-round knockout in Northern Ireland on February 27, 1954. <mask> knocked Kelly to the mat in the second round. Kelly was down from a right hook at the end of the second. Kelly went down from a right to the jaw in the third.He won the World bantamweight title in a fifteen-round split decision against a police Lieutenant in Thailand. The King and Queen of Thailand were in attendance at the bloody contest. <mask> had a broken wrist in the fifth and his opponent had a broken nose. <mask> was the European champion. His marriage took place at the Synagogue de la rue des Tournelles in Paris. He defeated Roy Ankrah in a technical knockout in Paris. <mask> was stripped of his title by the National Boxing Association because he failed to defend his title within 90 days.The NBA recognized Macias as the World Champion. <mask> was recognized by both the New York State Athletic Commission and the European Boxing Union. <mask> lost to Cherif Hamia in a ten-round technical knockout on December 11, 1955. <mask> was down for an eight count in the second from a right cross to the jaw and was down again in the seventh from a right hook. <mask>'s left brow was injured in the tenth round by a left from Hamia. <mask> suffered a broken jaw in an automobile accident after the bout. The injury shortened his career after he tried to defend his title.On September 3, 1955, he drew with Willie Toweel in a fifteen-round world bantamweight title bout. <mask> dropped Toweel three times in the second and 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 Toweel had never been knocked to the mat before. <mask> was exhausted by the end of the match. In Rome, <mask> lost a title bout to Mario D'Agata in a seventh-round technical knockout. <mask> was dropped by D'Agata for a nine count in the sixth. The referee stopped the fight after <mask> had a serious gash over his left brow.Many of <mask>'s blows were wide of his mark, and D'Agata appeared superior in the in-fighting. The match was not recognized by America's National Boxing Association as a title bout. D'Agata had been injured by a shotgun blast. His professional record was 36 wins, 4 losses, and 3 draws. After his fight with Mario D'Agata, <mask> retired from boxing and tried a comeback against Peter Locke three years later. After retiring from boxing in the 1960s, he moved with his wife, Zita, to the Congo and began working in his father-in-law's textile and retail business. He opened a boxing gym but his best boxers left for Europe after it was nationalized because he was unhappy in the textile business.<mask> ran a textile import and export business in Belgium in the 1980s. His biography, Gambuch, was published in 2012 by the French publisher L'Harmattan. The movie of <mask>'s life was produced by Jonathan L. Hasson. <mask> was in the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 1988. <mask> was the world champion boxer at The Jewish Chronicle.

72745

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croesus

Croesus

Croesus ( ; Lydian: ; , Kroisos; reigned: c. 585 – c. 546 BC) was the king of Lydia, who reigned from 585 BC until his defeat by the Persian king Cyrus the Great in 547 or 546 BC. Croesus was renowned for his wealth; Herodotus and Pausanias noted that his gifts were preserved at Delphi. The fall of Croesus had a profound effect on the Greeks, providing a fixed point in their calendar. "By the fifth century at least," J. A. S. Evans has remarked, "Croesus had become a figure of myth, who stood outside the conventional restraints of chronology." Name The name of Croesus was not attested to in contemporary inscriptions in the Lydian language. In 2019, D. Sasseville and K. Euler published a research of Lydian coins apparently minted during his rule, where the name of the ruler was rendered as Qλdãns. The name Croesus comes from the Latin transliteration of the Greek , which was itself the ancient Hellenic adaptation of the Lydian name . is a compound term consisting of the proper name , of a glide () and of the Lydian term , meaning "master, lord, noble". According to J. M. Kearns, Croesus's real personal name would have been , while would have been a honorific name meaning "The noble Karoś". Legendary biography The dynasty which preceded that of Croesus on the throne of Sardis traced their descent from Alcaeus, the son of Hercules by Omphale, Queen of Lydia, during her year of required servitude. Croesus, like his ancestor Hercules, attempted to burn himself on a pyre when the Persians captured Sardis. By emulating the Greek myth, he demonstrated he had – or believed he had – Greek heritage. Aside from a poetical account of Croesus on the pyre in Bacchylides (composed for Hiero of Syracuse, who won the chariot race at Olympia in 468), there are three classical accounts of Croesus: firstly, Herodotus presents the Lydian accounts of the conversation with Solon (Histories 1.29–33), the tragedy of Croesus' son Atys (Histories 1.34–45) and the fall of Croesus (Histories 1.85–89); secondly, Xenophon instances Croesus in his panegyric fictionalized biography of Cyrus: Cyropaedia, 7.1; and thirdly, Ctesias, whose account is also an encomium of Cyrus. According to Herodotus, Croesus is a descendant of Gyges, of the Myrmnadae Clan, who seized power when Gyges killed Candaules after Candaules's wife found out about a conspiracy to watch her disrobe. Early rule and wealth Reportedly, Croesus, on the death of his father Alyattes faced a rival claimant to the throne in Pantaleon, son of Alyattes by a different mother. Croesus prevailed, and a number of the opposing faction were executed, and their property confiscated. As soon as his reign was secure, Croesus continued his predecessors' wars against the Asian Greeks, bringing all the Aeolian and Ionian Settlements on the coasts of Asia-Minor under Lydian rule, from whom he exacted tribute; However, he was willing to be friendly to European and Aegean Greeks, concluding various treaties with them, with Sparta, in particular, later in life. Croesus is credited with issuing the first true gold coins with a standardised purity for general circulation, the Croeseid (following on from his father Alyattes who invented minting with electrum coins). Indeed, the invention of coinage had passed into Greek society through Hermodike II. Hermodike II, the daughter of a Agamemnon of Cyme claimed descent from the original Agamemnon who conquered Troy. She was likely one of Alyettes’ wives, so may have been Croesus’ mother, because the bull imagery on the croeseid symbolises the Hellenic Zeus—see Europa (consort of Zeus). Zeus, through Hercules, was the divine forefather of his family line. Moreover, the first coins were quite crude and made of electrum, a naturally occurring pale yellow alloy of gold and silver. The composition of these first coins was similar to alluvial deposits found in the silt of the Pactolus river (made famous by Midas), which ran through the Lydian capital, Sardis. Later coins, including some in the British Museum, were made from gold purified by heating with common salt to remove the silver. In Greek and Persian cultures the name of Croesus became a synonym for a wealthy man. He inherited great wealth from his father Alyattes, who had become associated with the Midas myth because Lydian precious metals came from the river Pactolus, in which King Midas supposedly washed away his ability to turn all he touched into gold. In reality, Alyattes’ tax revenues may have been the real ‘Midas touch’ financing his and Croesus' conquests. Croesus' wealth remained proverbial beyond classical antiquity: in English, expressions such as "rich as Croesus" or "richer than Croesus" are used to indicate great wealth to this day. The earliest known such usage in English was John Gower's in Confessio amantis (1390): Original text: Modern spelling: Interview with Solon According to Herodotus, Croesus encountered the Greek sage Solon and showed him his enormous wealth. Croesus, secure in his own wealth and happiness, asked Solon who the happiest man in the world was, and was disappointed by Solon's response that three had been happier than Croesus: Tellus, who died fighting for his country, and the brothers Kleobis and Biton who died peacefully in their sleep after their mother prayed for their perfect happiness because they had demonstrated filial piety by drawing her to a festival in an oxcart themselves. Solon goes on to explain that Croesus cannot be the happiest man because the fickleness of fortune means that the happiness of a man's life cannot be judged until after his death. Sure enough, Croesus' hubristic happiness was reversed by the tragic deaths of his accidentally killed son and, according to Ctesias, his wife's suicide at the fall of Sardis, not to mention his defeat at the hands of the Persians. The interview is in the nature of a philosophical disquisition on the subject "Which man is happy?" It is legendary rather than historical. Thus, the "happiness" of Croesus is presented as a moralistic exemplum of the fickleness of Tyche, a theme that gathered strength from the fourth century, revealing its late date. The story was later retold and elaborated by Ausonius in The Masque of the Seven Sages, in the Suda (entry "Μᾶλλον ὁ Φρύξ," which adds Aesop and the Seven Sages of Greece), and by Tolstoy in his short story "Croesus and Fate". Death of Atys According to legend, Croesus gave refuge at one point to the Phrygian prince Adrastus. Herodotus tells that Adrastus exiled himself to Lydia after accidentally killing his brother. Croesus later experienced a dream for which he took as prophecy in which Atys, his son and heir, would be killed by an iron spearhead. Taking precautions against this, Croesus kept his son from leading in military expeditions and fighting in any way. However, according to Herodotus, a wild boar began to ravage the neighboring province of Mysia, which soon begged Croesus to send a military expedition led by Atys to kill the boar. Croesus thought this would be safe for his son, as Atys would not be fighting an enemy that could throw a spear. Croesus sent Adrastus with Atys as a bodyguard in case they might be waylaid by bandits on the expedition. While fighting the boar, Adrastus accidentally hit Atys with his spear, killing him. Croesus absolved Adrastus for his son's death; however, Adrastus later committed suicide. Croesus' votive offerings to Delphi According to Herodotus, Croesus desired to discover which of the well-known oracles of his time gave trustworthy omens. He sent ambassadors to the most important oracles ordering that on the 100th day from their departure from Sardis they should ask what the king of the Lydians, Croesus, son of Alyattes was doing on this exact date. Then on the 100th day the envoys entered the oracle of Delphi in order to ask for the omen, the Pythia answered in verse: The envoys wrote down the answer and returned to Sardis. Croesus read all the answers brought by his envoys from all the oracles. As soon as he read the answer of the Pythia he bowed, Croesus was persuaded that the words spoken by the Delphi Oracle were true. According to Herodotus, Croesus also believed the Oracle of Amphiaraus to speak truth. Indeed, on the specific date Croesus had put pieces of a tortoise and lamb to boil together in a bronze cauldron, covered with a bronze lid. Then, Croesus wanted to thank and take on his side the oracle of Delphi. He sacrificed three thousand of all kinds of sacrificial animals. Then he lit a bonfire and burned precious objects. After the sacrifice he melted down gold and made golden blocks, each one 2.5 talents. He ordered his artists to make the copy of a lion out of pure gold, weighing ten talents. At the time of Herodotus this was situated at the Treasury of the Corinthians in Delphi, but 3.5 talents lighter, as the priests had melted down part of it. Croesus also sent along two enormous krateres (wine-mixing bowls), one made of gold and one made of silver, situated on one side and the other of the entrance to the Temple of Apollo. After the fire which destroyed the temple, these krateres were transferred elsewhere: the golden one was transferred to the treasury of the Klazomenians, whereas the silver one was placed again in the vestibule of the new temple. Within this krater took place the mixing of water and wine during the Theophania. In Delphi they used to say that this one had been made by Theodorus of Samos. The votive offerings of Croesus comprised also four silver pithoi (storage jars), situated at the Treasury of the Corinthians, and two perirrhanteria (basins for purification water) made of precious metals and a statue of a woman made of gold; they said that it depicted the woman who kneaded Croesus' bread. Finally, he dedicated the pendants and belts of his wife as well as other simpler and smaller liturgical objects and a golden shield which he offered to the Archaic temple of Athena Pronaia, later on melted by the Phocians in the course of the Third Sacred War. Campaign against Persia and testing of oracle Croesus' uneasy relations with the Ionians obscures the larger fact that he was the last bastion of the Ionian cities against the increasing Persian power in Anatolia. He began preparing a campaign against Cyrus the Great of Persia. Before setting out, he turned to the Delphic oracle and the oracle of Amphiaraus to inquire whether he should pursue this campaign and whether he should also seek an alliance. The oracles answered, with typical ambiguity, that if Croesus attacked the Persians, he would destroy a great empire (ἢν στρατεύηται ἐπὶ Πέρσας, μεγάλην ἀρχὴν μιν καταλύσειν) – this would become one of the most famous oracular statements from Delphi. The oracles also advised Croesus to find out which Greek state was most powerful and to ally himself with it. Croesus, now feeling secure, formed an alliance with Sparta in addition to those he had with Amasis II of Egypt and Nabonidus of Babylonia, and launched his campaign against the Persian Empire in 547 BC. (The scholar Evans in 1978 examines the conflicting dates implied in Herodotus.) Croesus was intercepted near the Halys River in central Anatolia and an inconclusive battle was fought at Pteria. It was the usual practice in those days for the armies to disband for winter and Croesus did so accordingly. Cyrus did not, however, and he attacked and defeated Croesus in Thymbria and later in Sardis, eventually capturing him. It became clear that the powerful empire destroyed by the war was Croesus's own. Rescue from death and advisor to Cyrus By 546 BC, Croesus was defeated at the Battle of Thymbra under the wall of his capital city of Sardis. After the Siege of Sardis, he was then captured by the Persians. According to various accounts of Croesus's life, Cyrus ordered him to be burned to death on a pyre, but Croesus escaped death. Accounts of his escape vary considerably: In Bacchylides' ode, Croesus with his wife and family mounted the funeral pyre, but before the flames could envelop the king, he was snatched up by Apollo and spirited away to the Hyperboreans. Herodotus tells us that in the Lydian account, Croesus was placed upon a great pyre by Cyrus' orders, for Cyrus wanted to see if any of the heavenly powers would appear to save him from being burned alive. The pile was set ablaze, and as Cyrus watched he saw Croesus call out "Solon" three times. He asked the interpreters to find out why he said this word with such resignation and agony. The interpreters returned the answer that Solon had warned Croesus of the fickleness of good fortune (see Interview with Solon above). This touched Cyrus, who realized that he and Croesus were much the same man, and he bade the servants to quench the blazing fire as quickly as they could. They tried to do this, but the flames were not to be mastered. According to the story, Croesus called out to Apollo and prayed to him. The sky had been clear and the day without a breath of wind, but soon dark clouds gathered and a storm with rain of such violence that the flames were speedily extinguished. Cyrus, thus convinced that Croesus was a good man, made him an advisor who served Cyrus "well" and later Cyrus's son by Cassandane, Cambyses. According to Herodotus, Croesus advised Cyrus to attack the people of Massagetae. Cyrus chose to follow Croesus' advice, and later died in battle against the Massagetae. The Cambridge History of Iran argues that there is no evidence that Cyrus the Great killed Croesus, and in particular rejects the account of burning on a pyre. It interprets Bacchylides' narration as Croesus attempting suicide and then being saved by Cyrus. In 2003, Stephanie West has argued that the historical Croesus did in fact die on the pyre, and that the stories of him as a wise advisor to the courts of Cyrus and Cambyses are purely legendary, showing similarities to the sayings of Ahiqar. A similar conclusion is drawn in a recent article that makes a case for the proposal that the Lydian word Qλdãnś, both meaning 'king' and the name of a god, and pronounced /kʷɾʲ'ðãns/ with four consecutive Lydian sounds unfamiliar to ancient Greeks, could correspond to Greek Κροῖσος, or Croesus. If the identification is correct it might have the interesting historical consequence that king Croesus chose suicide at the stake and was subsequently deified. After defeating Croesus, the Persians adopted gold as the main metal for their coins. Death It is not known when exactly Croesus died, although it could be aligned with the traditional date for Cyrus' conquest of Lydia in 546 BC. In the Nabonidus Chronicle it is said that Cyrus "marched against the country, killed its king, took his possessions, and put there a garrison of his own". Unfortunately, all that remains of the name of the country are traces of the first cuneiform sign. It has long been assumed that this sign should be LU, so that the country referred to would be Lydia, with Croesus as the king that was killed. However, J. Cargill has shown that this restoration was based upon wishful thinking rather than actual traces of the sign LU. Instead, J. Oelsner and R. Rollinger have both read the sign as Ú, which might imply a reference to Urartu. With Herodotus' account also being unreliable chronologically in this case, as J. A. S. Evans has demonstrated, this means that we currently have no way of dating the fall of Sardis; theoretically, it may even have taken place after the fall of Babylon in 539 BC. Evans also asks what happened after the episode at the pyre and suggests that "neither the Greeks nor the Babylonians knew what really happened to Croesus". In popular culture According to the Armenian historian Movses Khorenatsi (ca. 410–490s AD), who wrote a monumental History of Armenia, the Armenian king Artaxias I accomplished many military deeds, which include the capture of Croesus and the conquest of the Lydian kingdom (2.12–13) References to Croesus' legendary power and wealth, often as a symbol of human vanity, are numerous in literature. The following, by Isaac Watts, is from the poem titled "False Greatness": Another literary example is "Croesus and Fate", a short story by Leo Tolstoy that is a retelling of the account of Croesus as told by Herodotus and Plutarch. Crœsus, King of Lydia, is a tragedy in five parts by Alfred Bate Richards, first published in 1845. See also Croesus (opera) Karun Treasure ("Croesus treasure") Notes External links "L'alliance lydo-spartiate", in Ktèma, 39, 2014, pp. 271–288 by Kevin Leloux "Les alliances lydo-égyptienne et lydo-babylonienne", in Gephyra, 22, 2021, pp. 181–207 by Kevin Leloux Herodotus' account of Croesus; 1.6–94 (from the Perseus Project, containing links to both English and Greek versions). Croesus was the son of Alyattes and continued the conquest of Ionian cities of Asia Minor that his father had begun. An in-depth account of Croesus' life, by Carlos Parada Livius, Croesus by Jona Lendering Croesus on Ancient History Encyclopedia Gold Coin of Croesus a BBC podcast from the series: "A History of the World in 100 Objects" Kings of Lydia Archaic Greece 540s BC deaths 6th-century BC rulers Mermnad dynasty Monarchs taken prisoner in wartime

<mask> ( ; Lydian: ; , Kroisos; reigned: c. 585 – c. 546 BC) was the king of Lydia, who reigned from 585 BC until his defeat by the Persian king Cyrus the Great in 547 or 546 BC. Croesus was renowned for his wealth; Herodotus and Pausanias noted that his gifts were preserved at Delphi. The fall of Croesus had a profound effect on the Greeks, providing a fixed point in their calendar. "By the fifth century at least," J. A. S. Evans has remarked, "Croesus had become a figure of myth, who stood outside the conventional restraints of chronology." Name The name of Croesus was not attested to in contemporary inscriptions in the Lydian language. In 2019, D. Sasseville and K. Euler published a research of Lydian coins apparently minted during his rule, where the name of the ruler was rendered as Qλdãns.The name Croesus comes from the Latin transliteration of the Greek , which was itself the ancient Hellenic adaptation of the Lydian name . is a compound term consisting of the proper name , of a glide () and of the Lydian term , meaning "master, lord, noble". According to J. M. Kearns, Croesus's real personal name would have been , while would have been a honorific name meaning "The noble Karoś". Legendary biography The dynasty which preceded that of Croesus on the throne of Sardis traced their descent from Alcaeus, the son of Hercules by Omphale, Queen of Lydia, during her year of required servitude. Croesus, like his ancestor Hercules, attempted to burn himself on a pyre when the Persians captured Sardis. By emulating the Greek myth, he demonstrated he had – or believed he had – Greek heritage. Aside from a poetical account of Croesus on the pyre in Bacchylides (composed for Hiero of Syracuse, who won the chariot race at Olympia in 468), there are three classical accounts of Croesus: firstly, Herodotus presents the Lydian accounts of the conversation with Solon (Histories 1.29–33), the tragedy of Croesus' son Atys (Histories 1.34–45) and the fall of Croesus (Histories 1.85–89); secondly, Xenophon instances Croesus in his panegyric fictionalized biography of Cyrus: Cyropaedia, 7.1; and thirdly, Ctesias, whose account is also an encomium of Cyrus.According to Herodotus, Croesus is a descendant of Gyges, of the Myrmnadae Clan, who seized power when Gyges killed Candaules after Candaules's wife found out about a conspiracy to watch her disrobe. Early rule and wealth Reportedly, Croesus, on the death of his father Alyattes faced a rival claimant to the throne in Pantaleon, son of Alyattes by a different mother. Croesus prevailed, and a number of the opposing faction were executed, and their property confiscated. As soon as his reign was secure, Croesus continued his predecessors' wars against the Asian Greeks, bringing all the Aeolian and Ionian Settlements on the coasts of Asia-Minor under Lydian rule, from whom he exacted tribute; However, he was willing to be friendly to European and Aegean Greeks, concluding various treaties with them, with Sparta, in particular, later in life. Croesus is credited with issuing the first true gold coins with a standardised purity for general circulation, the Croeseid (following on from his father Alyattes who invented minting with electrum coins). Indeed, the invention of coinage had passed into Greek society through Hermodike II. Hermodike II, the daughter of a Agamemnon of Cyme claimed descent from the original Agamemnon who conquered Troy.She was likely one of Alyettes’ wives, so may have been <mask>’ mother, because the bull imagery on the croeseid symbolises the Hellenic Zeus—see Europa (consort of Zeus). Zeus, through Hercules, was the divine forefather of his family line. Moreover, the first coins were quite crude and made of electrum, a naturally occurring pale yellow alloy of gold and silver. The composition of these first coins was similar to alluvial deposits found in the silt of the Pactolus river (made famous by Midas), which ran through the Lydian capital, Sardis. Later coins, including some in the British Museum, were made from gold purified by heating with common salt to remove the silver. In Greek and Persian cultures the name of Croesus became a synonym for a wealthy man. He inherited great wealth from his father Alyattes, who had become associated with the Midas myth because Lydian precious metals came from the river Pactolus, in which King Midas supposedly washed away his ability to turn all he touched into gold.In reality, Alyattes’ tax revenues may have been the real ‘Midas touch’ financing his and <mask>' conquests. <mask>' wealth remained proverbial beyond classical antiquity: in English, expressions such as "rich as Croesus" or "richer than Croesus" are used to indicate great wealth to this day. The earliest known such usage in English was John Gower's in Confessio amantis (1390): Original text: Modern spelling: Interview with Solon According to Herodotus, Croesus encountered the Greek sage Solon and showed him his enormous wealth. Croesus, secure in his own wealth and happiness, asked Solon who the happiest man in the world was, and was disappointed by Solon's response that three had been happier than Croesus: Tellus, who died fighting for his country, and the brothers Kleobis and Biton who died peacefully in their sleep after their mother prayed for their perfect happiness because they had demonstrated filial piety by drawing her to a festival in an oxcart themselves. Solon goes on to explain that Croesus cannot be the happiest man because the fickleness of fortune means that the happiness of a man's life cannot be judged until after his death. Sure enough, Croesus' hubristic happiness was reversed by the tragic deaths of his accidentally killed son and, according to Ctesias, his wife's suicide at the fall of Sardis, not to mention his defeat at the hands of the Persians. The interview is in the nature of a philosophical disquisition on the subject "Which man is happy?"It is legendary rather than historical. Thus, the "happiness" of <mask> is presented as a moralistic exemplum of the fickleness of Tyche, a theme that gathered strength from the fourth century, revealing its late date. The story was later retold and elaborated by Ausonius in The Masque of the Seven Sages, in the Suda (entry "Μᾶλλον ὁ Φρύξ," which adds Aesop and the Seven Sages of Greece), and by Tolstoy in his short story "Croesus and Fate". Death of Atys According to legend, Croesus gave refuge at one point to the Phrygian prince Adrastus. Herodotus tells that Adrastus exiled himself to Lydia after accidentally killing his brother. Croesus later experienced a dream for which he took as prophecy in which Atys, his son and heir, would be killed by an iron spearhead. Taking precautions against this, Croesus kept his son from leading in military expeditions and fighting in any way.However, according to Herodotus, a wild boar began to ravage the neighboring province of Mysia, which soon begged Croesus to send a military expedition led by Atys to kill the boar. Croesus thought this would be safe for his son, as Atys would not be fighting an enemy that could throw a spear. Croesus sent Adrastus with Atys as a bodyguard in case they might be waylaid by bandits on the expedition. While fighting the boar, Adrastus accidentally hit Atys with his spear, killing him. Croesus absolved Adrastus for his son's death; however, Adrastus later committed suicide. Croesus' votive offerings to Delphi According to Herodotus, Croesus desired to discover which of the well-known oracles of his time gave trustworthy omens. He sent ambassadors to the most important oracles ordering that on the 100th day from their departure from Sardis they should ask what the king of the Lydians, Croesus, son of Alyattes was doing on this exact date.Then on the 100th day the envoys entered the oracle of Delphi in order to ask for the omen, the Pythia answered in verse: The envoys wrote down the answer and returned to Sardis. Croesus read all the answers brought by his envoys from all the oracles. As soon as he read the answer of the Pythia he bowed, Croesus was persuaded that the words spoken by the Delphi Oracle were true. According to Herodotus, Croesus also believed the Oracle of Amphiaraus to speak truth. Indeed, on the specific date Croesus had put pieces of a tortoise and lamb to boil together in a bronze cauldron, covered with a bronze lid. Then, Croesus wanted to thank and take on his side the oracle of Delphi. He sacrificed three thousand of all kinds of sacrificial animals.Then he lit a bonfire and burned precious objects. After the sacrifice he melted down gold and made golden blocks, each one 2.5 talents. He ordered his artists to make the copy of a lion out of pure gold, weighing ten talents. At the time of Herodotus this was situated at the Treasury of the Corinthians in Delphi, but 3.5 talents lighter, as the priests had melted down part of it. <mask> also sent along two enormous krateres (wine-mixing bowls), one made of gold and one made of silver, situated on one side and the other of the entrance to the Temple of Apollo. After the fire which destroyed the temple, these krateres were transferred elsewhere: the golden one was transferred to the treasury of the Klazomenians, whereas the silver one was placed again in the vestibule of the new temple. Within this krater took place the mixing of water and wine during the Theophania.In Delphi they used to say that this one had been made by Theodorus of Samos. The votive offerings of <mask> comprised also four silver pithoi (storage jars), situated at the Treasury of the Corinthians, and two perirrhanteria (basins for purification water) made of precious metals and a statue of a woman made of gold; they said that it depicted the woman who kneaded Croesus' bread. Finally, he dedicated the pendants and belts of his wife as well as other simpler and smaller liturgical objects and a golden shield which he offered to the Archaic temple of Athena Pronaia, later on melted by the Phocians in the course of the Third Sacred War. Campaign against Persia and testing of oracle Croesus' uneasy relations with the Ionians obscures the larger fact that he was the last bastion of the Ionian cities against the increasing Persian power in Anatolia. He began preparing a campaign against Cyrus the Great of Persia. Before setting out, he turned to the Delphic oracle and the oracle of Amphiaraus to inquire whether he should pursue this campaign and whether he should also seek an alliance. The oracles answered, with typical ambiguity, that if Croesus attacked the Persians, he would destroy a great empire (ἢν στρατεύηται ἐπὶ Πέρσας, μεγάλην ἀρχὴν μιν καταλύσειν) – this would become one of the most famous oracular statements from Delphi.The oracles also advised <mask> to find out which Greek state was most powerful and to ally himself with it. <mask>, now feeling secure, formed an alliance with Sparta in addition to those he had with Amasis II of Egypt and Nabonidus of Babylonia, and launched his campaign against the Persian Empire in 547 BC. (The scholar Evans in 1978 examines the conflicting dates implied in Herodotus.) Croesus was intercepted near the Halys River in central Anatolia and an inconclusive battle was fought at Pteria. It was the usual practice in those days for the armies to disband for winter and Croesus did so accordingly. Cyrus did not, however, and he attacked and defeated <mask> in Thymbria and later in Sardis, eventually capturing him. It became clear that the powerful empire destroyed by the war was Croesus's own.Rescue from death and advisor to Cyrus By 546 BC, <mask> was defeated at the Battle of Thymbra under the wall of his capital city of Sardis. After the Siege of Sardis, he was then captured by the Persians. According to various accounts of Croesus's life, Cyrus ordered him to be burned to death on a pyre, but Croesus escaped death. Accounts of his escape vary considerably: In Bacchylides' ode, <mask> with his wife and family mounted the funeral pyre, but before the flames could envelop the king, he was snatched up by Apollo and spirited away to the Hyperboreans. Herodotus tells us that in the Lydian account, Croesus was placed upon a great pyre by Cyrus' orders, for Cyrus wanted to see if any of the heavenly powers would appear to save him from being burned alive. The pile was set ablaze, and as Cyrus watched he saw Croesus call out "Solon" three times. He asked the interpreters to find out why he said this word with such resignation and agony.The interpreters returned the answer that Solon had warned <mask> of the fickleness of good fortune (see Interview with Solon above). This touched Cyrus, who realized that he and <mask> were much the same man, and he bade the servants to quench the blazing fire as quickly as they could. They tried to do this, but the flames were not to be mastered. According to the story, Croesus called out to Apollo and prayed to him. The sky had been clear and the day without a breath of wind, but soon dark clouds gathered and a storm with rain of such violence that the flames were speedily extinguished. Cyrus, thus convinced that Croesus was a good man, made him an advisor who served Cyrus "well" and later Cyrus's son by Cassandane, Cambyses. According to Herodotus, Croesus advised Cyrus to attack the people of Massagetae.Cyrus chose to follow <mask>' advice, and later died in battle against the Massagetae. The Cambridge History of Iran argues that there is no evidence that Cyrus the Great killed <mask>, and in particular rejects the account of burning on a pyre. It interprets Bacchylides' narration as <mask> attempting suicide and then being saved by Cyrus. In 2003, Stephanie West has argued that the historical Croesus did in fact die on the pyre, and that the stories of him as a wise advisor to the courts of Cyrus and Cambyses are purely legendary, showing similarities to the sayings of Ahiqar. A similar conclusion is drawn in a recent article that makes a case for the proposal that the Lydian word Qλdãnś, both meaning 'king' and the name of a god, and pronounced /kʷɾʲ'ðãns/ with four consecutive Lydian sounds unfamiliar to ancient Greeks, could correspond to Greek Κροῖσος, or Croesus. If the identification is correct it might have the interesting historical consequence that king Croesus chose suicide at the stake and was subsequently deified. After defeating Croesus, the Persians adopted gold as the main metal for their coins.Death It is not known when exactly <mask> died, although it could be aligned with the traditional date for Cyrus' conquest of Lydia in 546 BC. In the Nabonidus Chronicle it is said that Cyrus "marched against the country, killed its king, took his possessions, and put there a garrison of his own". Unfortunately, all that remains of the name of the country are traces of the first cuneiform sign. It has long been assumed that this sign should be LU, so that the country referred to would be Lydia, with <mask> as the king that was killed. However, J. Cargill has shown that this restoration was based upon wishful thinking rather than actual traces of the sign LU. Instead, J. Oelsner and R. Rollinger have both read the sign as Ú, which might imply a reference to Urartu. With Herodotus' account also being unreliable chronologically in this case, as J.A. S. Evans has demonstrated, this means that we currently have no way of dating the fall of Sardis; theoretically, it may even have taken place after the fall of Babylon in 539 BC. Evans also asks what happened after the episode at the pyre and suggests that "neither the Greeks nor the Babylonians knew what really happened to Croesus". In popular culture According to the Armenian historian Movses Khorenatsi (ca. 410–490s AD), who wrote a monumental History of Armenia, the Armenian king Artaxias I accomplished many military deeds, which include the capture of Croesus and the conquest of the Lydian kingdom (2.12–13) References to Croesus' legendary power and wealth, often as a symbol of human vanity, are numerous in literature. The following, by Isaac Watts, is from the poem titled "False Greatness": Another literary example is "Croesus and Fate", a short story by Leo Tolstoy that is a retelling of the account of Croesus as told by Herodotus and Plutarch. Crœsus, King of Lydia, is a tragedy in five parts by Alfred Bate Richards, first published in 1845. See also Croesus (opera) Karun Treasure ("Croesus treasure") Notes External links "L'alliance lydo-spartiate", in Ktèma, 39, 2014, pp.271–288 by Kevin Leloux "Les alliances lydo-égyptienne et lydo-babylonienne", in Gephyra, 22, 2021, pp. 181–207 by Kevin Leloux Herodotus' account of Croesus; 1.6–94 (from the Perseus Project, containing links to both English and Greek versions). Croesus was the son of Alyattes and continued the conquest of Ionian cities of Asia Minor that his father had begun. An in-depth account of Croesus' life, by Carlos Parada Livius, Croesus by Jona Lendering Croesus on Ancient History Encyclopedia Gold Coin of Croesus a BBC podcast from the series: "A History of the World in 100 Objects" Kings of Lydia Archaic Greece 540s BC deaths 6th-century BC rulers Mermnad dynasty Monarchs taken prisoner in wartime

The king of Lydia, <mask>, was defeated by the Persian king Cyrus the Great in 547 or 556 BC. Herodotus and Pausanias said that Croesus' gifts were preserved at Delphi. The fall of Croesus gave the Greeks a fixed point in their calendar. At least by the fifth century. "Croesus had become a figure of myth, who stood outside the conventional constraints of chronology," said A. S. Evans. The Lydian language has no mention of the name Croesus. The name of the ruler was rendered as Qdns in a research published in 2019.The ancient Hellenic adaptation of the Lydian name was the root of the name Croesus. There is a compound term consisting of the proper name of a glide and the Lydian term meaning "master, lord, noble". <mask>'s real name would have been, while his honorific name would have been "The noble Karo". The dynasty which preceded Croesus on the throne of Sardis was descended from Alcaeus, the son of Hercules. Croesus tried to burn himself on a pyre when Sardis was captured by the Persians. He demonstrated he had Greek heritage by emulating the Greek myth. Herodotus presents the Lydian accounts of the conversation with Croesus, as well as a poetical account of Croesus on the pyre in Bacchylides.According to Herodotus, Croesus is a descendant of the Myrmnadae Clan who seized power after Candaules's wife found out about a conspiracy to watch her disrobe. On the death of his father, Croesus faced a rival who was the son of a different mother. A number of the opposing group were executed and their property was seized. Croesus continued his predecessors' wars against the Asian Greeks, bringing all the Aeolian and Ionian Settlements on the coasts of Asia-Minor under Lydian rule. The Croeseid, the first true gold coins with a standardised purity for general circulation, was issued by Croesus. Through Hermodike II, the invention of coinage passed into Greek society. Hermodike II claimed to be descended from the original Agamemnon who conquered Troy.She may have been <mask>' mother because the bull imagery on the croeseid symbolises the Hellenic Zeus. The forefather of the family line was Zeus. The first coins were crude and made of electrum, a pale yellow alloy of gold and silver. The first coins were similar to the deposits found in the Pactolus river, which ran through the Lydian capital, Sardis. The British Museum had coins made from gold and silver that were heated with common salt to remove the silver. Croesus was a synonym for a wealthy man in Persian and Greek cultures. The Lydian precious metals came from the river Pactolus, which was said to have washed away King Midas' ability to turn all he touched into gold.Tax revenues may have been the real source of financing Croesus' conquests. In English, expressions such as "rich as Croesus" or "richer than Croesus" are used to indicate great wealth. John Gower's Confessio amantis (1390) is the earliest known example of this usage in English. Croesus, secure in his own wealth and happiness, asked Solon who the happiest man in the world was, and was disappointed by his response that three had been happier than Croesus: Tellus, who died fighting for his country, and the brothers Kleobis and Bit. Croesus can't be the happiest man because the happiness of a man's life can't be judged until after his death. According to Ctesias, Croesus' happiness was reversed by the deaths of his son and wife, as well as his defeat at the hands of the Persians. The interview is about a subject called "Which man is happy?"It is legendary. The "happiness" of <mask> is presented as a moralistic exemplum of the fickleness of Tyche, a theme that gathered strength from the fourth century. The story was later retold and elaborated by Ausonius in The Masque of the Seven Sages, in the Suda, and by Tolstoy in his short story "Croesus and Fate". According to legend, Croesus gave refuge to the prince Adrastus. Adrastus exiled himself to Lydia after killing his brother. Croesus had a dream in which he predicted that Atys, his son and heir, would be killed. Croesus kept his son out of military expeditions and fighting.According to Herodotus, <mask> was begged by Atys to send a military expedition to kill the wild boar in Mysia. Croesus thought that Atys would not be fighting someone who could throw a spear. Adrastus and Atys were sent by <mask> to protect them from bandits on the expedition. Adrastus accidentally hit Atys with his spear, killing him. Adrastus committed suicide despite Croesus exonerating him for his son's death. Croesus wanted to find out which of the well-known oracles of his time gave trustworthy omens. He ordered ambassadors to the most important oracles to ask what the king of the Lydians was doing on the 100th day after they left Sardis.The Pythia answered in verse that the envoys wrote down the answer and returned to Sardis after entering the oracle of Delphi. All the answers from the oracles were read by <mask>. <mask> was convinced that the Delphi oracle's words were true when he read the answer of the Pythia. The oracle of Amphiaraus was believed to speak truth by <mask>. Croesus put pieces of a tortoise and lamb in a cauldron and covered it with a bronze lid. Croesus wanted to thank the oracle of Delphi. Three thousand animals were sacrificed by him.He lit a fire and burned things. He melted down gold and made blocks with 2.5 talents. He ordered his artists to make a copy of a lion out of gold. At the time of Herodotus, it was located at the Treasury of the Corinthians in Delphi, but 3.5 talents lighter, as the priests melted down part of it. Two enormous bowls made of gold and silver were sent by <mask> to the Temple of Apollo. The golden one was moved to the treasury of the Klazomenians, while the silver one was put back in the temple. During the Theophania, the mixing of water and wine took place.They used to say that this one was made by Theodorus of Samos. Four silver pithoi and two perirrhanteria made of precious metals and a statue of a woman made of gold were part of the votive offerings of Croesus. After dedicating the pendants and belts of his wife, he offered a golden shield to the Archaic temple of Athena Pronaia, which was melted by the Phocians in the course of the Third Sacred War. The campaign against Persia and testing of oracle Croesus' uneasy relations with the Ionians obscures the fact that he was the last bastion of the Ionian cities against the increasing Persian power in Anatolia. He was preparing a campaign against Cyrus. He asked the Delphic oracle and Amphiaraus if he should pursue this campaign and also seek an alliance. One of the most famous oracular statements from Delphi was that Croesus would destroy a great empire if he attacked the Persians.<mask> was told by the oracles to ally himself with the most powerful Greek state. <mask> formed an alliance with Sparta in addition to Amasis II of Egypt and Nabonidus of Babylonia, and launched his campaign against the Persian Empire in 547 BC. The conflicting dates implied in Herodotus are examined by the scholar Evans. A battle was fought at Pteria after Croesus was captured near the Halys River. Croesus did not hestitate to call it quits for winter in those days. Cyrus defeated <mask> in Thymbria and Sardis and eventually captured him. Croesus's empire was destroyed by the war.<mask> was defeated at the Battle of Thymbra under the wall of his capital city of Sardis. He was captured by the Persians after the Siege of Sardis. Cyrus ordered <mask> to be burned to death on a pyre, but he escaped death. Croesus with his wife and family mounted the funeral pyre, but before the flames could destroy the king, he was snatched up by Apollo and spirited away to the Hyperboreans. Cyrus wanted to see if any of the heavenly powers would save him from being burned alive, so he ordered Croesus to a great pyre, according to Herodotus. Cyrus saw Croesus call out "Solon" three times as the pile was set ablaze. He asked the interpreters why he said that.The interpreters said that Solon warned <mask> of the unpredictable nature of good fortune. Cyrus was touched by this and bade the servants to quench the fire as quickly as possible. The flames were not to be mastered. Croesus prayed to Apollo according to the story. The sky was clear and there was no wind, but soon there was a storm with rain of violence and the flames were quickly extinguished. Cyrus convinced Croesus to be a good man and made him an advisor who served Cyrus and his son. Croesus advised Cyrus to attack the people of Massagetae.Cyrus died in battle against the Massagetae after following <mask>' advice. There is no evidence that Cyrus the Great killed <mask>, according to the Cambridge History of Iran. <mask> was saved by Cyrus after attempting suicide. The stories of Croesus as a wise advisor to the courts of Cyrus and Cambyses are legendary, as shown by the fact that he died on the pyre. The Lydian word Qdn, both meaning 'king' and the name of a god, and pronounced /kwj'ns/ with four consecutive Lydian sounds unfamiliar to ancient, is the subject of a recent article. King Croesus chose suicide at the stake and was subsequently deified if the identification is correct. The Persians used gold as the main metal for their coins after defeating Croesus.It is not known when <mask> died, but it could be related to the date of Cyrus' conquest of Lydia. According to the Nabonidus Chronicle, Cyrus put a garrison of his own after killing the country's king. The country's name is made up of traces of the first sign of the zodiac. Since <mask> was the king that was killed, it has been assumed that the country would be Lydia. The 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 J. Oelsner and R. Rollinger both read the sign as, which could mean a reference to Urartu. Herodotus' account is unreliable chronologically in this case.A. S. Evans has shown that we don't have a way of knowing when the fall of Sardis took place. Evans suggests that neither the Greeks nor the Babylonians knew what happened to Croesus after the pyre episode. In popular culture, according to the historian. The capture of Croesus and the conquest of the Lydian kingdom were accomplished by the king Artaxias I. The short story "Croesus and Fate" is a version of the story of Croesus told by Herodotus and Plutarch. Alfred Bate Richards wrote a five part story about the King of Lydia. There are External links "L'alliance lydo-spartiate" in Ktma.Kevin Leloux wrote "Les alliances lydo-égyptienne et lydo-babylonienne" in Gephyra. There are links to both English and Greek versions of Herodotus' account of Croesus. Croesus continued the conquest of Ionian cities of Asia Minor that his father had begun. An in-depth account of <mask>' life was written by Carlos Parada Livius.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bildad%20Kaggia

Bildad Kaggia

Bildad Mwaganu Kaggia (1921 – 7 March 2005) was a Kenyan nationalist, activist, and politician. Kaggia was a member of the Mau Mau Central Committee. After independence he became a Member of Parliament. He established himself as a militant, fiery nationalist who wanted to serve the poor and landless people. Because of this he fell out irreconcilably with Jomo Kenyatta. Early life Kaggia was born in 1921, at Dagoretti, now part of Nairobi, where his father had moved from his home district of Muranga District. Two years later his father moved back to Murang’a. Kaggia schooled at Santamor Estate and later at the Church Missionary Society School at Kahuhia. Kaggia did very well at the exams and was selected for the famous Alliance High School. Unfortunately, his father was not able to raise the school fee and Kaggia had to take up a clerical job at the District Commissioners' Office at Murang’a. When the Second World War broke out, Kaggia was moved to the military recruiting office. Despite hating war, Kaggia decided to join the army to seize the opportunity to travel to south-west Asia. When the War Office in London decided to create a unit in Britain to rehabilitate captured African soldiers, Kaggia applied and got the post of company quarter-sergeant, the first African to get this post. Most of the work in the army was routine and boring. During the years in the army Kaggia engaged in many correspondence courses (journalism, trade unionism and political science) which later would serve him well during his political career. His experiences in the army made him aware of the evils from racial discrimination and colonialism. In his opinion the foreign religions in Kenya were a stepping stone to colonialism and his people had to be liberated from this as well. Kaggia’s religion (Dini ya Kaggia) Back in Kenya (1946) Kaggia denounced the church in the church. His objective was to create a purely African movement, divorced from European denominations and entirely independent of the European Church's doctrine. The new doctrine should include African customs and traditions. Kaggia had large followings in Central Province. This alarmed the church and their leaders asked the government for help. Subsequently, many times Kaggia and his followers were arrested and imprisoned for holding illegal meetings. Nevertheless, Kaggia's doctrine spread and he had followers from all denominations and his religion was spreading into other provinces, ultimately even reaching Nyanza. Kaggia was opposed to giving the movement a name, but, the people started calling it Andu a Kaggia (Kaggia's people). Later this became Dini ya Kaggia (Kaggia's religion). Kaggia saw that indeed his religion was liberating the minds of people. They were no longer humble, European-fearing people; now they had the courage to attack the mzungu government. Consequently, Kaggia decided to leave the religious work to others and shifted his attention from spiritual liberation to political liberation. The Young Radical When Kenyatta was elected chairman of KAU in 1947 Kaggia joined KAU hoping that it would become more militant. However, at national level KAU was barely functioning and Kaggia shifted his interest to the trade unions. He admired the fire and militancy of leaders like Kubai en Makhan Singh. Kaggia founded the Clerks and Commercial Workers Union and in 1948 he became its chairman. This union became a member of the general union, the Labour Trade Union of East Africa. In 1950 Kaggia became president of Labour Trade Union of East Africa. The trade unions had much support in Nairobi and they took over the KAU branch Nairobi in 1951. Kaggia was elected its general secretary. Later the trade unions tried to take over the national leadership of KAU but this failed when the president of KAU, Jomo Kenyatta, changed the election procedure at the last moment. This almost resulted in a split of KAU, but the 'militants' decided to remain in KAU for the sake of unity. Kaggia started vernacular newspapers like Inoora ria Gikuyu and later Afrika Mpya to report KAU activities. These and other vernacular newspapers were instrumental in spreading the message of the militant leaders who advocated for independence. Kaggia was a leading member of the KAU Study Circle which assisted its members with drafting memomanda, resolutions and discussions papers. He was the President of the Anti Federation League. This league was set up to oppose the proposed Federation with Central Africa, which would strengthen the white settlers' political control of these territories. The Anti-Federation League succeeded in its objective as Kenya did not join the Federation when in 1953 the Central African Federation of three British colonies: Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia), Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) and Nyasaland (now Malawi) was founded. As a member of the African Advisory Council, Kaggia campaigned actively against the Nairobi municipal Council apartheid by-laws, which had created separate European, Asian and African areas in Nairobi. Kaggia considered it as one of his biggests achievements that these by-laws were repealed by the Municipal Council. Despairing of constitutional change, he joined Mau Mau and sat on its central Committee. On 20 October 1952, he, along with the rest of the Kapenguria Six, was arrested in Operation Jock Scott, and charged inter alia with managing Mau Mau, and being a senior member of it. He was convicted at trial, and imprisoned until September 1961. Thereafter, he was confined to his home district. On 17 November 1961, all restrictions were lifted. Independence and after In the 1963 elections, he won Kandara Constituency seat on a KANU ticket, and so had the distinction of a seat in independent Kenya's first parliament. Kaggia also served as a minister in the Kenyatta cabinet; his denunciations of corruption marked him out as a member of KANU's radical tendency. When Kenyatta and Mboya combined to purge the KANU left, he was one of their victims, with Kenyatta making the trip to Kandara to campaign against him. He joined Odinga's KPU, but eventually retired from active politics in 1974, after failing to recapture his seat. Kaggia was the leading Kenyan leftist of the colonial period; probably the strategic planner on Mau Mau's central committee; notably anti-racist; and uncompromisingly committed to the poor. References Bibliography Adenekan, Shola. (25 May 2005) Guardian Obituary Kaggia, Bildad. (1975) Roots of Freedom 1921–1963: the autobiography of Bildad Kaggia, Nairobi: East African Publishing House. Kaggia, Bildad M., Leeuw, W. de and Kaggia, M. (2012), The Struggle for Freedom and Justice; the life and times of the freedom fighter and politician Bildad M. Kaggia (1921-2005), Nairobi: Transafrica Press. Kinyatti, M. (2008) History of Resistance in Kenya (1884-2002), Nairobi: Mau Mau Research Centre. Rosberg, C.G. Jr. and Nottingham J. (1985)The Myth of Mau Mau; Nationalism in Colonial Kenya, Nairobi: Transafrica Press. Spencer, J. (1977) The Kenya African Union 1944-1953: a Party in Search of a Constituency, New York: Columbia University Press. Throup, D. W. (1988), Economic and Social Origins of Mau Mau, Nairobi: Heineman Kenya Limited. External links Bildad Kaggia Foundation Kenyan rebels Prisoners and detainees of Kenya 1921 births 2005 deaths Kenya African National Union politicians Members of the National Assembly (Kenya) Government ministers of Kenya Kenyan socialists Kenya People's Union politicians Kenyan expatriates in the United Kingdom

<mask> (1921 – 7 March 2005) was a Kenyan nationalist, activist, and politician. <mask> was a member of the Mau Mau Central Committee. After independence he became a Member of Parliament. He established himself as a militant, fiery nationalist who wanted to serve the poor and landless people. Because of this he fell out irreconcilably with Jomo Kenyatta. Early life <mask> was born in 1921, at Dagoretti, now part of Nairobi, where his father had moved from his home district of Muranga District. Two years later his father moved back to Murang’a.Kaggia schooled at Santamor Estate and later at the Church Missionary Society School at Kahuhia. Kaggia did very well at the exams and was selected for the famous Alliance High School. Unfortunately, his father was not able to raise the school fee and Kaggia had to take up a clerical job at the District Commissioners' Office at Murang’a. When the Second World War broke out, Kaggia was moved to the military recruiting office. Despite hating war, Kaggia decided to join the army to seize the opportunity to travel to south-west Asia. When the War Office in London decided to create a unit in Britain to rehabilitate captured African soldiers, Kaggia applied and got the post of company quarter-sergeant, the first African to get this post. Most of the work in the army was routine and boring.During the years in the army Kaggia engaged in many correspondence courses (journalism, trade unionism and political science) which later would serve him well during his political career. His experiences in the army made him aware of the evils from racial discrimination and colonialism. In his opinion the foreign religions in Kenya were a stepping stone to colonialism and his people had to be liberated from this as well. Kaggia’s religion (Dini ya Kaggia) Back in Kenya (1946) Kaggia denounced the church in the church. His objective was to create a purely African movement, divorced from European denominations and entirely independent of the European Church's doctrine. The new doctrine should include African customs and traditions. Kaggia had large followings in Central Province.This alarmed the church and their leaders asked the government for help. Subsequently, many times Kaggia and his followers were arrested and imprisoned for holding illegal meetings. Nevertheless, Kaggia's doctrine spread and he had followers from all denominations and his religion was spreading into other provinces, ultimately even reaching Nyanza. Kaggia was opposed to giving the movement a name, but, the people started calling it Andu a Kaggia (Kaggia's people). Later this became Dini ya Kaggia (Kaggia's religion). Kaggia saw that indeed his religion was liberating the minds of people. They were no longer humble, European-fearing people; now they had the courage to attack the mzungu government.Consequently, <mask> decided to leave the religious work to others and shifted his attention from spiritual liberation to political liberation. The Young Radical When Kenyatta was elected chairman of KAU in 1947 <mask> joined KAU hoping that it would become more militant. However, at national level KAU was barely functioning and Kaggia shifted his interest to the trade unions. He admired the fire and militancy of leaders like Kubai en Makhan Singh. Kaggia founded the Clerks and Commercial Workers Union and in 1948 he became its chairman. This union became a member of the general union, the Labour Trade Union of East Africa. In 1950 <mask> became president of Labour Trade Union of East Africa.The trade unions had much support in Nairobi and they took over the KAU branch Nairobi in 1951. Kaggia was elected its general secretary. Later the trade unions tried to take over the national leadership of KAU but this failed when the president of KAU, Jomo Kenyatta, changed the election procedure at the last moment. This almost resulted in a split of KAU, but the 'militants' decided to remain in KAU for the sake of unity. Kaggia started vernacular newspapers like Inoora ria Gikuyu and later Afrika Mpya to report KAU activities. These and other vernacular newspapers were instrumental in spreading the message of the militant leaders who advocated for independence. Kaggia was a leading member of the KAU Study Circle which assisted its members with drafting memomanda, resolutions and discussions papers.He was the President of the Anti Federation League. This league was set up to oppose the proposed Federation with Central Africa, which would strengthen the white settlers' political control of these territories. The Anti-Federation League succeeded in its objective as Kenya did not join the Federation when in 1953 the Central African Federation of three British colonies: Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia), Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) and Nyasaland (now Malawi) was founded. As a member of the African Advisory Council, Kaggia campaigned actively against the Nairobi municipal Council apartheid by-laws, which had created separate European, Asian and African areas in Nairobi. <mask> considered it as one of his biggests achievements that these by-laws were repealed by the Municipal Council. Despairing of constitutional change, he joined Mau Mau and sat on its central Committee. On 20 October 1952, he, along with the rest of the Kapenguria Six, was arrested in Operation Jock Scott, and charged inter alia with managing Mau Mau, and being a senior member of it.He was convicted at trial, and imprisoned until September 1961. Thereafter, he was confined to his home district. On 17 November 1961, all restrictions were lifted. Independence and after In the 1963 elections, he won Kandara Constituency seat on a KANU ticket, and so had the distinction of a seat in independent Kenya's first parliament. <mask> also served as a minister in the Kenyatta cabinet; his denunciations of corruption marked him out as a member of KANU's radical tendency. When Kenyatta and Mboya combined to purge the KANU left, he was one of their victims, with Kenyatta making the trip to Kandara to campaign against him. He joined Odinga's KPU, but eventually retired from active politics in 1974, after failing to recapture his seat.<mask> was the leading Kenyan leftist of the colonial period; probably the strategic planner on Mau Mau's central committee; notably anti-racist; and uncompromisingly committed to the poor. References Bibliography Adenekan, Shola. (25 May 2005) Guardian Obituary <mask>, <mask>. (1975) Roots of Freedom 1921–1963: the autobiography of <mask> <mask>, Nairobi: East African Publishing House. <mask>, <mask> M., Leeuw, W. de and <mask>, M. (2012), The Struggle for Freedom and Justice; the life and times of the freedom fighter and politician <mask> M<mask> (1921-2005), Nairobi: Transafrica Press. Kinyatti, M. (2008) History of Resistance in Kenya (1884-2002), Nairobi: Mau Mau Research Centre. Rosberg, C.G.Jr. and Nottingham J. (1985)The Myth of Mau Mau; Nationalism in Colonial Kenya, Nairobi: Transafrica Press. Spencer, J. (1977) The Kenya African Union 1944-1953: a Party in Search of a Constituency, New York: Columbia University Press. Throup, D. W. (1988), Economic and Social Origins of Mau Mau, Nairobi: Heineman Kenya Limited. External links Bildad Kaggia Foundation Kenyan rebels Prisoners and detainees of Kenya 1921 births 2005 deaths Kenya African National Union politicians Members of the National Assembly (Kenya) Government ministers of Kenya Kenyan socialists Kenya People's Union politicians Kenyan expatriates in the United Kingdom

<mask> was a nationalist, activist, and politician. <mask> was a member of the committee. He became a Member of Parliament after independence. He was a fiery nationalist who wanted to serve the poor and landless. He fell out with Jomo Kenyatta because of this. <mask> was born in 1921 at Dagoretti, where his father had moved from his home district of Muranga District. His father moved back to Murang'a after two years.Kaggia attended the Church Missionary Society School at Kahuhia. Kaggia was selected for the prestigious Alliance High School after doing well at the exams. Kaggia had to take up a clerical job at the District Commissioners' Office because his father was not able to raise the school fee. Kaggia was moved to the military recruiting office during the Second World War. <mask> joined the army because he wanted to travel to south-west Asia. When the War Office in London decided to create a unit in Britain to rehabilitate captured African soldiers, Kaggia applied and got the post of company quarter-sergeant, the first African to get this post. The work in the army was boring.During his time in the army, Kaggia engaged in many correspondence courses which would serve him well during his political career. His experiences in the army made him aware of the consequences of discrimination. His people had to be freed from the foreign religions because he thought they were a stepping stone to colonization. The church in the church was denounced by Kaggia. He wanted to create a movement that was completely independent of the European Church's doctrine. African customs and traditions should be included in the new doctrine. Kaggia had a large following.The leaders of the church asked the government for help. Kaggia and his followers were arrested many times for holding illegal meetings. Kaggia's doctrine spread and he had followers from all denominations and his religion was spreading into other provinces. The people started calling it Andu a Kaggia because Kaggia was against giving the movement a name. This became Dini ya Kaggia. Kaggia believed that his religion was freeing the minds of people. They had the courage to attack the mzungu government because they were no longer humble.<mask> shifted his attention from spiritual liberation to political liberation because he decided to leave the religious work to others. <mask> joined KAU hoping that it would become more militant. <mask> shifted his interest to the trade unions because KAU was barely functioning. He liked the fire and militancy of the leaders. The Clerks and Commercial Workers Union was founded by Kaggia. The Labour Trade Union of East Africa is a general union. The president of the Labour Trade Union of East Africa was Kaggia.The KAU branch in Nairobi was taken over by the trade unions. The general secretary is Kaggia. The trade unions tried to take over the national leadership of KAU but the president changed the election procedure at the last moment. The'militants' decided to stay in KAU for the sake of unity after this. Inoora ria Gikuyu and Afrika Mpya were started by Kaggia to report on KAU activities. The message of the militant leaders who advocated for independence was spread by these and other newspapers. <mask> was a member of the KAU Study Circle, which helped its members with drafting memomanda, resolutions and discussions papers.He was the leader of the league. The proposed Federation with Central Africa would strengthen the white settlers' political control of these territories. In 1953, the Central African Federation of three British colonies: Northern Rhodesia, Southern Rhodesia, and Nyasaland were founded. Kaggia was a member of the African Advisory Council and fought against the by-laws that created separate European, Asian and African areas. The by-laws were repealed by the Municipal Council. He joined and sat on the central committee. He was arrested along with the rest of the Kapenguria Six in October of 1952 and charged with being a senior member of the group.He was sentenced to imprisonment in September 1961. He was confined to his home district. All restrictions were lifted on 17 November 1961. After independence, he won a seat in the first parliament of the country on a KANU ticket. <mask>'s denunciations of corruption made him a member of KANU's radical tendency. He was one of the victims when the KANU was wiped out by the two men. After failing to regain his seat, he retired from active politics.Kaggia was an uncompromisingly committed to the poor and was probably the strategic planner on the central committee. There are references to Shola. Guardian Obituary Kaggia. The autobiography of <mask> <mask> was published by East African Publishing House. The Struggle for Freedom and Justice is the life and times of a freedom fighter and politician. The History of Resistance in Kenya was written by M. Kinyatti. C.G. is the name of the man.They are Jr. and Nottingham J. There is a myth about nationalism in colonial Kenya. J. Spencer. The Kenya African Union 1944-1953: a Party in Search of a Constituency was published in 1977. D. W. Throup wrote an article about the economic and social origins of the city. There are external links to the Bildad Kaggia Foundation.

304318

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Dov%20Weissmandl

Michael Dov Weissmandl

Michael Dov Weissmandl () (25 October 190329 November 1957) was an Orthodox rabbi of the Oberlander Jews of present-day western Slovakia. Along with Gisi Fleischmann he was the leader of the Bratislava Working Group which attempted to save European Jews from deportation to Nazi death camps during the Holocaust and was the first person to urge Allied powers to bomb the railways leading to concentration camp gas chambers. Managing to escape from a sealed cattle car headed for Auschwitz in 1944, he later emigrated to America where he established a yeshiva and self-sustaining agricultural community in New York known as the Yeshiva Farm Settlement. Accusing the Zionist Jewish Agency of having frustrated his rescue efforts during the Holocaust, he became a staunch opponent of Zionism after the war. Weissmandl claimed to have discovered codes in the Biblical text. Early life Michael Ber was born in Debrecen, Hungary on 25 October 1903 (4 Cheshvan 5664 on the Hebrew calendar) to Yosef Weissmandl, a shochet. A few years later his family moved to Tyrnau (now Trnava, Slovakia). In 1931 he moved to Nitra to study under Rabbi Shmuel Dovid Ungar, whose daughter, Bracha Rachel, he married in 1937. He was thus an oberlander (from the central highlands of Europe), a non-Hasidic Jew. Weissmandl was a scholar and an expert at deciphering ancient manuscripts. In order to carry out his research of these manuscripts, he traveled to the Bodleian Library in Oxford, England. It is related that he was treated with great respect by the Chief Librarian of the Bodleian after an episode when he correctly identified the author of a manuscript that had been misattributed by the library's scholars. World War II and the Holocaust While at Oxford University, Weissmandl volunteered on 1 September 1939 to return to Slovakia as an agent of World Agudath Israel. When the Nazis gathered sixty rabbis from Burgenland and sent them to Czechoslovakia, Czechoslovakia refused them entry and Austria would not take them back. Rabbi Weissmandl flew to England, where he was received by the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Foreign Office. Explaining the tragic situation, he succeeded in obtaining entry visas to England for the sixty rabbis. The Working Group When the Nazis, aided by members of the puppet Slovak government, began their moves against the Slovak Jews in 1942, members of the Slovak Judenrat formed an underground organization called the Bratislava Working Group. It was led by Gisi Fleischmann and Rabbi Weissmandl. The group's main activity was to help Jews as much as possible, in part through payment of bribes and ransom to German and Slovak officials. In 1942, the Working Group initiated high-level ransom negotiations with the Germans (ref. Fuchs and Kranzler books). The transportation of Slovak Jews was in fact halted for two years after they arranged a $50,000 (in 1952 dollars) ransom deal with the Nazi SS official Dieter Wisliceny. Largely with the help of diplomats, Weissmandl was able to smuggle letters or telegrams to people he hoped would help save the Jews of Europe, alerting them to the progressive Nazi destruction of European Jewry. He managed to send letters to Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt, and he entrusted a diplomat to deliver a letter to the Vatican for Pope Pius XII. He originated the proposal via Rabbi Solomon Schonfeld in London to bomb the rails leading to Auschwitz, but this, along with subsequent suggestions from others, was ultimately not implemented. He and his Working Group helped distribute the Auschwitz Protocols. The recipients didn't do anything meaningful with the report except Moshe Krausz in Budapest who forwarded it to George Mantello in Switzerland via Romanian diplomat Florian Manilou. Mantello publicized its content immediately upon receipt. This triggered large-scale grass roots demonstrations in Switzerland, sermons in Swiss churches about the tragic plight of Jews and a Swiss press campaign of about 400 headlines protesting the atrocities against Jews. The events in Switzerland and possibly other considerations led to threats of retribution against Hungary's Regent Miklós Horthy by President Roosevelt, Winston Churchill and others. This was one of the main factors which convinced Horthy to stop the Hungarian death camp transports. Deportation In October 1944, Weissmandl and his family were rounded up and put on a train headed for Auschwitz. Weissmandl escaped from the sealed train by opening a hole with a saw he had secreted in a loaf of bread. He jumped from the moving train and made his way to Bratislava. There he found shelter in a bunker in a storage room of a private house, along with 17 other Jews who included the Rebbe of Stropkov Menachem Mendel Halberstam. Rezső Kasztner visited the bunker several times, once, to the consternation of the inhabitants, in the company of SS officer Max Grüson. In April 1945, Kasztner visited again, this time in the company of another SS officer who took the party to Switzerland in a truck with an escort of German soldiers. On arriving in Switzerland, Weissmandl suffered a major heart attack. Post-war America Personal recovery After the war, Weissmandl arrived in the United States having lost his family and having been unable to save Slovak Jewry. At first, he was so distraught that he would pound the walls and cry bitterly on what had befallen his people. Later he remarried and had children, but he never forgot his family in Europe and suffered from depression his entire life because of the Holocaust. His second marriage was to Leah Teitelbaum (1924/5–9 April 2009), a daughter of Rabbi Chaim Eliyahu Teitelbaum and a native of Beregszász, Hungary. With his second wife, Weissmandl had five children. Establishment of an American yeshiva See: Yeshiva of Nitra In November 1946, Weissmandl and his brother-in-law, Rabbi Sholom Moshe Ungar, re-established the Nitra Yeshiva in Somerville, New Jersey, gathering surviving students from the original Nitra Yeshiva. With the help of Rabbi Shraga Feivel Mendlowitz, Rabbi Weissmandl bought the Brewster estate in Mount Kisco, in Westchester County, New York and moved his Yeshiva there in 1949. There he established a self-sustaining agricultural community known as the "Yeshiva Farm Settlement". At first, this settlement was not welcome by its neighbors, but in a town hall meeting, Helen Bruce Baldwin (1907–1994) of nearby Chappaqua, wife of New York Times military correspondent and Pulitzer Prize winner, Hanson W. Baldwin, impressed by Rabbi Weissmandl, defended its establishment and wrote a letter-to-the-editor to the New York Times regarding it. Weissmandl designed the community's yeshiva to conform with Talmudic accounts of agricultural settlements, where a man would study Torah continuously until an age suitable for marriage, whereupon he would farm during the day and study in the evenings. While this novel approach was not fully realized, the yeshiva flourished. Currently, the settlement is known as the Nitra community. (See also Kashau (Hasidic dynasty)). Later life During his later years, Weissmandl suffered from chronic heart disease and was frequently hospitalized. He suffered a severe heart attack in the early winter of 1957 and was hospitalized for several weeks. Upon his release, he attended the yeshiva's fundraising banquet, and then was readmitted to the hospital. His health deteriorated and he died on Friday, 29 November 1957 (6 Kislev 5718) at the age of 54. His second wife never remarried. Weissmandl is buried in the Beth Israel Cemetery - also known as Woodbridge Memorial Gardens - in Woodbridge New Jersey, in the Khal Adas Yereim Vien section. On 1 September 2021, his son Rabbi Shmuel Dovid Weissmandl died aged 69 in floodwaters in Elmsford, New York. Religious work Books Two of Weissmandl's books were published posthumously. Toras Chemed (Mt. Kisco, 1958) is a book of religious writings that includes many commentaries and homilies, as well as hermeneutic material of a kabbalistic nature. Included in this book are the observations that led to what is called the Torah Codes. Min HaMeitzar (Jerusalem, 1960) is a book that describes Rabbi Weissmandl's war-time experiences. The title consists of the first two words of Psalm 118:5, meaning "from the depths of despair", literally "From the Straits". This is the main publication in which Weissmandl's accusations against the Zionist organizations appear. According to Yehuda Bauer, the book reflects Weissmandl's ideological biases and was edited by Weissmandl's relatives after his death, limiting the historical reliability of the book. For example, it does not mention the last two transports from Slovakia in October 1942, which contradict Weissmandl's belief that the Working Group's bribes were responsible for the cessation of deportation. In 1958, Rabbi Weissmandl republished the magnum opus of Rabbi Jonah Teomim-Frankel, Kikayon D'Yonah with his own footnotes and glosses. In the introduction to this volume, Rabbi Weissmandl gives an emotional history lesson. Notes References Some documentaries, recorded talks and songs VERAfilm (Prague), Among Blind Fools (documentary video) David Kranzler z"l - Four Jewish Rescuers Dr David Kranzler - Talk after showing of AMONG BLIND FOOLS about Bratislava Working Group The Rescuers by David Ben Reuven (song) Sources Fuchs, Dr. Abraham (1984). The Unheeded Cry (also in Hebrew as Karati V'ein Oneh). Mesorah Publications. Hecht, Ben. Perfidy (also in Hebrew as Kachas) Kranzler, Dr. David. Thy Brother's Blood On Rabbi Michael-Ber Weissmandl, Recha Sternbuch and George Mantello Kranzler, Dr. David. Holocaust Hero: Solomon Shoenfeld - The Untold Story of an Extraordinary British Rabbi who Rescued 4000 during the Holocaust Fatran, Gila. The "Working Group", Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 8:2 (1994:Fall) 164–201; also see correspondence in issue 9:2 (1995:Fall) 269-276 Satinover, Jeffrey (1997). Cracking the Bible Code. William Morrow. External links The Working Group, The Story of the Jewish Community in Bratislava, Yad Vashem. Retrieved 22 December 2013 The Holocaust Rescue efforts of Rabbi Chaim Michael Dov Weissmandl "Torah vs. the Computer" (Rabbi Weissmandl's work on gematria) "A Cry from the Pages" Ten questions to the Zionists by Rabbi Michael Dov Weissmandl 1903 births 1957 deaths People from Debrecen 20th-century rabbis Slovak Orthodox rabbis Haredi rabbis in Europe American Haredi rabbis Rosh yeshivas Holocaust survivors Jewish resistance members during the Holocaust Blood for goods Bratislava Working Group members Anti-Zionist Haredi rabbis Czechoslovak emigrants to the United States Burials in New Jersey

<mask> () (25 October 190329 November 1957) was an Orthodox rabbi of the Oberlander Jews of present-day western Slovakia. Along with Gisi Fleischmann he was the leader of the Bratislava Working Group which attempted to save European Jews from deportation to Nazi death camps during the Holocaust and was the first person to urge Allied powers to bomb the railways leading to concentration camp gas chambers. Managing to escape from a sealed cattle car headed for Auschwitz in 1944, he later emigrated to America where he established a yeshiva and self-sustaining agricultural community in New York known as the Yeshiva Farm Settlement. Accusing the Zionist Jewish Agency of having frustrated his rescue efforts during the Holocaust, he became a staunch opponent of Zionism after the war. Weissmandl claimed to have discovered codes in the Biblical text. Early life <mask> was born in Debrecen, Hungary on 25 October 1903 (4 Cheshvan 5664 on the Hebrew calendar) to <mask>, a shochet. A few years later his family moved to Tyrnau (now Trnava, Slovakia).In 1931 he moved to Nitra to study under Rabbi Shmuel <mask> Ungar, whose daughter, Bracha Rachel, he married in 1937. He was thus an oberlander (from the central highlands of Europe), a non-Hasidic Jew. Weissmandl was a scholar and an expert at deciphering ancient manuscripts. In order to carry out his research of these manuscripts, he traveled to the Bodleian Library in Oxford, England. It is related that he was treated with great respect by the Chief Librarian of the Bodleian after an episode when he correctly identified the author of a manuscript that had been misattributed by the library's scholars. World War II and the Holocaust While at Oxford University, Weissmandl volunteered on 1 September 1939 to return to Slovakia as an agent of World Agudath Israel. When the Nazis gathered sixty rabbis from Burgenland and sent them to Czechoslovakia, Czechoslovakia refused them entry and Austria would not take them back.<mask> flew to England, where he was received by the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Foreign Office. Explaining the tragic situation, he succeeded in obtaining entry visas to England for the sixty rabbis. The Working Group When the Nazis, aided by members of the puppet Slovak government, began their moves against the Slovak Jews in 1942, members of the Slovak Judenrat formed an underground organization called the Bratislava Working Group. It was led by Gisi Fleischmann and <mask>. The group's main activity was to help Jews as much as possible, in part through payment of bribes and ransom to German and Slovak officials. In 1942, the Working Group initiated high-level ransom negotiations with the Germans (ref. Fuchs and Kranzler books).The transportation of Slovak Jews was in fact halted for two years after they arranged a $50,000 (in 1952 dollars) ransom deal with the Nazi SS official Dieter Wisliceny. Largely with the help of diplomats, Weissmandl was able to smuggle letters or telegrams to people he hoped would help save the Jews of Europe, alerting them to the progressive Nazi destruction of European Jewry. He managed to send letters to Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt, and he entrusted a diplomat to deliver a letter to the Vatican for Pope Pius XII. He originated the proposal via Rabbi Solomon Schonfeld in London to bomb the rails leading to Auschwitz, but this, along with subsequent suggestions from others, was ultimately not implemented. He and his Working Group helped distribute the Auschwitz Protocols. The recipients didn't do anything meaningful with the report except Moshe Krausz in Budapest who forwarded it to George Mantello in Switzerland via Romanian diplomat Florian Manilou. Mantello publicized its content immediately upon receipt.This triggered large-scale grass roots demonstrations in Switzerland, sermons in Swiss churches about the tragic plight of Jews and a Swiss press campaign of about 400 headlines protesting the atrocities against Jews. The events in Switzerland and possibly other considerations led to threats of retribution against Hungary's Regent Miklós Horthy by President Roosevelt, Winston Churchill and others. This was one of the main factors which convinced Horthy to stop the Hungarian death camp transports. Deportation In October 1944, <mask> and his family were rounded up and put on a train headed for Auschwitz. <mask> escaped from the sealed train by opening a hole with a saw he had secreted in a loaf of bread. He jumped from the moving train and made his way to Bratislava. There he found shelter in a bunker in a storage room of a private house, along with 17 other Jews who included the Rebbe of Stropkov Menachem Mendel Halberstam.Rezső Kasztner visited the bunker several times, once, to the consternation of the inhabitants, in the company of SS officer Max Grüson. In April 1945, Kasztner visited again, this time in the company of another SS officer who took the party to Switzerland in a truck with an escort of German soldiers. On arriving in Switzerland, Weissmandl suffered a major heart attack. Post-war America Personal recovery After the war, Weissmandl arrived in the United States having lost his family and having been unable to save Slovak Jewry. At first, he was so distraught that he would pound the walls and cry bitterly on what had befallen his people. Later he remarried and had children, but he never forgot his family in Europe and suffered from depression his entire life because of the Holocaust. His second marriage was to Leah Teitelbaum (1924/5–9 April 2009), a daughter of Rabbi Chaim Eliyahu Teitelbaum and a native of Beregszász, Hungary.With his second wife, Weissmandl had five children. Establishment of an American yeshiva See: Yeshiva of Nitra In November 1946, Weissmandl and his brother-in-law, Rabbi Sholom Moshe Ungar, re-established the Nitra Yeshiva in Somerville, New Jersey, gathering surviving students from the original Nitra Yeshiva. With the help of Rabbi Shraga Feivel Mendlowitz, Rabbi Weissmandl bought the Brewster estate in Mount Kisco, in Westchester County, New York and moved his Yeshiva there in 1949. There he established a self-sustaining agricultural community known as the "Yeshiva Farm Settlement". At first, this settlement was not welcome by its neighbors, but in a town hall meeting, Helen Bruce Baldwin (1907–1994) of nearby Chappaqua, wife of New York Times military correspondent and Pulitzer Prize winner, Hanson W. Baldwin, impressed by Rabbi Weissmandl, defended its establishment and wrote a letter-to-the-editor to the New York Times regarding it. Weissmandl designed the community's yeshiva to conform with Talmudic accounts of agricultural settlements, where a man would study Torah continuously until an age suitable for marriage, whereupon he would farm during the day and study in the evenings. While this novel approach was not fully realized, the yeshiva flourished.Currently, the settlement is known as the Nitra community. (See also Kashau (Hasidic dynasty)). Later life During his later years, Weissmandl suffered from chronic heart disease and was frequently hospitalized. He suffered a severe heart attack in the early winter of 1957 and was hospitalized for several weeks. Upon his release, he attended the yeshiva's fundraising banquet, and then was readmitted to the hospital. His health deteriorated and he died on Friday, 29 November 1957 (6 Kislev 5718) at the age of 54. His second wife never remarried.Weissmandl is buried in the Beth Israel Cemetery - also known as Woodbridge Memorial Gardens - in Woodbridge New Jersey, in the Khal Adas Yereim Vien section. On 1 September 2021, his son Rabbi Shmuel <mask> Weissmandl died aged 69 in floodwaters in Elmsford, New York. Religious work Books Two of Weissmandl's books were published posthumously. Toras Chemed (Mt. Kisco, 1958) is a book of religious writings that includes many commentaries and homilies, as well as hermeneutic material of a kabbalistic nature. Included in this book are the observations that led to what is called the Torah Codes. Min HaMeitzar (Jerusalem, 1960) is a book that describes Rabbi Weissmandl's war-time experiences.The title consists of the first two words of Psalm 118:5, meaning "from the depths of despair", literally "From the Straits". This is the main publication in which Weissmandl's accusations against the Zionist organizations appear. According to Yehuda Bauer, the book reflects Weissmandl's ideological biases and was edited by Weissmandl's relatives after his death, limiting the historical reliability of the book. For example, it does not mention the last two transports from Slovakia in October 1942, which contradict Weissmandl's belief that the Working Group's bribes were responsible for the cessation of deportation. In 1958, Rabbi <mask> republished the magnum opus of Rabbi Jonah Teomim-Frankel, Kikayon D'Yonah with his own footnotes and glosses. In the introduction to this volume, Rabbi Weissmandl gives an emotional history lesson. Notes References Some documentaries, recorded talks and songs VERAfilm (Prague), Among Blind Fools (documentary video) David Kranzler z"l - Four Jewish Rescuers Dr David Kranzler - Talk after showing of AMONG BLIND FOOLS about Bratislava Working Group The Rescuers by David Ben Reuven (song) Sources Fuchs, Dr. Abraham (1984).The Unheeded Cry (also in Hebrew as Karati V'ein Oneh). Mesorah Publications. Hecht, Ben. Perfidy (also in Hebrew as Kachas) Kranzler, Dr. David. Thy Brother's Blood On Rabbi <mask> <mask>, Recha Sternbuch and George Mantello Kranzler, Dr. David. Holocaust Hero: Solomon Shoenfeld - The Untold Story of an Extraordinary British Rabbi who Rescued 4000 during the Holocaust Fatran, Gila. The "Working Group", Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 8:2 (1994:Fall) 164–201; also see correspondence in issue 9:2 (1995:Fall) 269-276 Satinover, Jeffrey (1997).Cracking the Bible Code. William Morrow. External links The Working Group, The Story of the Jewish Community in Bratislava, Yad Vashem. Retrieved 22 December 2013 The Holocaust Rescue efforts of Rabbi Chaim <mask> Weissmandl "Torah vs. the Computer" (<mask>'s work on gematria) "A Cry from the Pages" Ten questions to the Zionists by Rabbi <mask> Weissmandl 1903 births 1957 deaths People from Debrecen 20th-century rabbis Slovak Orthodox rabbis Haredi rabbis in Europe American Haredi rabbis Rosh yeshivas Holocaust survivors Jewish resistance members during the Holocaust Blood for goods Bratislava Working Group members Anti-Zionist Haredi rabbis Czechoslovak emigrants to the United States Burials in New Jersey

The Oberlander Jews of present-day western Slovakia had an Orthodox rabbi named <mask>. Along with Gisi Fleischmann he was the leader of the Bratislava Working Group which attempted to save European Jews from deportation to Nazi death camps during the Holocaust and was the first person to urge Allied powers to bomb the railways leading to concentration camp gas chambers. He escaped from a cattle car headed for Auschwitz in 1944 and later established a yeshiva and self-sustaining agricultural community in New York known as the Yeshiva Farm Settlement. He became an opponent of Zionism after accusing the Jewish Agency of frustrating his rescue efforts during the Holocaust. Weissmandl claimed to have found codes in the bible. On October 25, 1903, <mask> was born to <mask> in Debrecen, Hungary. His family moved to Slovakia a few years later.He married the daughter of Rabbi Shmuel <mask> Ungar in 1937. He was a non-Hasidic Jew from the central highlands of Europe. An expert at ancient manuscripts, Weissmandl was a scholar. He traveled to the Bodleian Library in Oxford, England, to carry out his research on the manuscripts. He was treated with great respect by the Chief Librarian of the Bodleian after he correctly identified the author of a manuscript that had been misattributed. While at Oxford University, Weissmandl volunteered to return to Slovakia as an agent of World Agudath Israel. When the Nazis brought sixty rabbis from Burgenland to Czechoslovakia, they were refused entry and Austria wouldn't take them back.The Foreign Office received Rabbi Weissmandl when he arrived in England. He was able to get entry visas to England for the sixty rabbis. The Slovak Judenrat formed an underground organization called the Bratislava Working Group when the Nazis began their attacks against the Slovak Jews in 1942. The leaders were Gisi Fleischmann and <mask>. The group paid bribes to German and Slovak officials in order to help Jews as much as possible. The Working Group started high-level negotiations with the Germans in 1942. The books were written by Fuchs and Kranzler.The transportation of Slovak Jews was halted for two years after they arranged a $50,000 bribe to the Nazis. With the help of diplomats, Weissmandl was able to smuggle letters or telegrams to people he hoped would help save the Jews of Europe. He was able to send letters to several people, including Franklin D. Roosevelt. The proposal to bomb the rails leading to Auschwitz was the brainchild of Rabbi Solomon Schonfeld in London. The Working Group helped distribute the Protocols. The report was forwarded to George Mantello in Switzerland by Hungarian diplomat Moshe Krausz. Immediately after receipt, Mantello publicized its content.This triggered large-scale grass roots demonstrations in Switzerland, sermons in Swiss churches about the tragic plight of Jews, and a Swiss press campaign of about 400 headlines protesting the atrocities against Jews. The events in Switzerland and possibly other considerations led to threats of retribution against Hungary's Regent Mikls Horthy by President Roosevelt and others. Horthy stopped the Hungarian death camp transports because of this. In October 1944, <mask> and his family were rounded up and put on a train. <mask> was able to escape from the sealed train by opening a hole with a saw. He made his way to Bratislava after jumping from the moving train. He and 17 other Jews found shelter in a storage room in a private house.In the company of Max Grson, Rezs Kasztner visited the Bunker several times. The party went to Switzerland in a truck with an escort of German soldiers after Kasztner visited again. Weissmandl had a heart attack when he arrived in Switzerland. Weissmandl lost his family and was unable to save Slovak Jewry when he arrived in the United States after the war. He was so upset that he would cry and pound the walls. He suffered from depression his entire life because of the Holocaust, but he remarried and had children, but never forgot his family in Europe. His second marriage was to a daughter of Rabbi Chaim Eliyahu Teitelbaum, a native of Beregszsz, Hungary.Weissmandl had five children. <mask> and his brother-in-law, Rabbi Sholom Ungar, re-established the Nitra Yeshiva in New Jersey in 1946, gathering surviving students from the original Nitra Yeshiva. Rabbi Weissmandl moved his Yeshiva to Mount Kisco, New York, in 1949, after buying the Brewster estate in Westchester County, New York. The Yeshiva Farm Settlement was established by him. Helen Bruce Baldwin, wife of a New York Times military correspondent and Pulitzer Prize winner, defended the establishment in a town hall meeting. The community's yeshiva was designed by Weissmandl to correspond with the accounts of agricultural settlements, where a man would study Torah continuously until he was ready to marry. The yeshiva flourished despite the novel approach not being fully realized.The settlement is known as Nitra. See also the Hasidic dynasty. Weissmandl was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He was hospitalized for several weeks after a severe heart attack in 1957. He was readmitted to the hospital after attending the yeshiva's banquet. He died on Friday, November 29, 1957 at the age of 54. His first wife never remarried.Weissmandl is buried in the Beth Israel Cemetery in New Jersey. Rabbi Shmuel <mask> <mask> died in New York in September of 2021. Two of Weissmandl's books were published posthumously. Toras Chemed is a drug. There are many commentaries and homilies in the book of religious writings. The observations that led to the Torah Codes are included in this book. Rabbi Weissmandl's war-time experiences are described in Min HaMeitzar."From the Straits" is the first two words of the title, meaning "from the depths of despair". <mask>'s accusations against the organizations appear in this publication. The book reflects Weissmandl's ideological biases and was edited by his relatives after his death, according to Yehuda Bauer. Weissmandl believed that the Working Group's bribes were responsible for the cessation of deportation. Rabbi Weissmandl published his own footnotes and glosses to his masterpiece, Rabbi Jonah Teomim-Frankel, Kikayon D'Yonah. Rabbi Weissmandl gives an emotional history lesson in the introduction to this volume. There is a documentary called Among Blind Fools and a talk by David Ben Re.The Unheeded Cry is also called Karati V'ein Oneh. There is a publication by the name of Mesorah Publications. Ben Hecht. Dr. David is the name of Perfidy, also in Hebrew as Kachas. The brother's blood was on Rabbi <mask> Weissmandl. The story of a British Rabbi who saved 4,000 people during the Holocaust is known as Solomon Shoenfeld. The "Working Group", Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 8:2 (1994:Fall) 164–201; also see correspondence in issue 9:2 (1995:Fall).The Bible Code can be cracked. William Morrow. The Working Group is linked to The Story of the Jewish Community in Bratislava. Rabbi <mask> <mask> wrote "Torah vs. the Computer" and "A Cry from the Pages."

17273936

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Eldredge

George Eldredge

George Edwin Eldredge (September 10, 1898 – March 12, 1977) was an American actor who appeared in over 180 movies during a career that stretched from the 1930s to the early 1960s. He also had a prolific television career during the 1950s. He was the older brother of actor John Dornin Eldredge. Biography Early life Eldredge was born George Edwin Eldredge in San Francisco, California. His father, Rev. George Granville Eldredge, was a Presbyterian minister in San Francisco. His mother was Julia Dornin Eldredge, the daughter of George D. Dornin, a California legislator and noted Daguerrotypist, and Sarah Baldwin Dornin. In 1922, he married Phyllis Harms, and they had two children, George Granville Eldredge and Helene Eldredge. He was a photographer for the Berkeley, California Police Department, and prior to embarking on a film career, auditioned for and performed with the San Francisco Opera Company for two seasons in various supporting roles as a baritone. Film career Between 1936 and 1963 Eldredge appeared in 182 films beginning with his role as an English spy in Till We Meet Again. He was typically cast as authority figures such as army generals (The Rookie), doctors (Riders to the Stars), and innumerable police officers. However Eldredge sometimes was cast against type, as in his role as the traitorous Dr. Tobor in the B movie, Captain Video: Master of the Stratosphere. Arguably his best known film role came in the 1945 cult exploitation film Mom and Dad where Eldredge portrayed Dan Blake, the father of a teenage girl who accidentally becomes pregnant because her parents withhold knowledge about sex from her. Although the mores of the time prevented most advertising for this film, it still became the number two moneymaker for 1945. In 2005 it received a National Film Preservation award from the Library of Congress. Throughout the 1950s Eldredge also had a prolific television career, appearing on such programs as Peter Gunn, Bat Masterson, The Adventures of Superman, Alfred Hitchcock Presents, and Perry Mason. He had a recurring role as Dr. Spaulding in all three Spin and Marty series, featured on Disney's Mickey Mouse Club and was seen repeatedly on Bat Masterson. Eldredge also appeared as a Chamberlain in Demetrius and the Gladiators, which was a sequel to 20th Century Fox's biblical epic, The Robe. Although he worked steadily for several decades George Eldredge never became a major star. Many of his roles were small and his name was often unlisted in the credits of the films he played in. His final role was an uncredited part in the 1963 film Johnny Cool. Selected filmography Till We Meet Again (1936) – English Officer Spy (uncredited) Special Agent K-7 (1936) – Ames – Prosecuting Attorney Paroled from the Big House (1938) – 'Red' Herron Hawk of the Wilderness (1938, Serial) – Allan Kendall Exile Express (1939) – Federal Man (uncredited) The Star Maker (1939) – Reporter Northwest Passage (1940) – McMullen (uncredited) Junior G-Men (1940, Serial) – Draftsman Lynch [Chs. 5–6] (uncredited) Take Me Back to Oklahoma (1940) – Sheriff Buzzy Rides the Range (1940) – Fred Ames Roaring Frontiers (1941) – Sheriff (uncredited) Spooks Run Wild (1941) – Policeman (uncredited) They Died with Their Boots On (1941) – Capt. Riley (uncredited) Pacific Blackout (1941) – Police Dispatcher (uncredited) The Ghost of Frankenstein (1942) – Constable (uncredited) Gang Busters (1942, Serial) – Policeman at Bank [Ch. 7] (uncredited) So's Your Aunt Emma (1942) – Jake – Mickey's Trainer (uncredited) The Corpse Vanishes (1942) – Mike Let's Get Tough! (1942) – Marine Recruiter (uncredited) Top Sergeant (1942) – Deputy Joey (uncredited) Joan of Ozark (1942) – Chandler (uncredited) Isle of Missing Men (1942) – Ship's Captain (uncredited) Bowery at Midnight (1942) – Det. Thompson (uncredited) Silver Queen (1942) – Hotel Guest The Living Ghost (1942) – Tony Weldon Sherlock Holmes and the Secret Weapon (1942) – Policeman Outside Durer's (uncredited) The Adventures of Smilin' Jack (1943, Serial) – Detective-Guard [Ch. 5] (uncredited) Raiders of San Joaquin (1943) – Gus Sloan Two Tickets to London (1943) – Fireman (uncredited) Frontier Law (1943) – Henchman Slinger Jones The Lone Star Trail (1943) – Doug Ransom Frontier Badmen (1943) – Cattle Buyer (uncredited) The Strange Death of Adolf Hitler (1943) – Gestapo Colonel (uncredited) Top Man (1943) – Mike (uncredited) There's Something About a Soldier (1943) – Transportation Manager (uncredited) Calling Dr. Death (1943) – District Attorney The Racket Man (1944) – Jerry (uncredited) The Impostor (1944) – (voice, uncredited) Arizona Whirlwind (1944) – Mr. Davis (uncredited) Oklahoma Raiders (1944) – James Prescott Hey, Rookie (1944) – Captain Mulligan (uncredited) Jam Session (1944) – Berkeley Bell Outlaw Trail (1944) – Carl Beldon The Girl in the Case (1944) – Henry (uncredited) Follow the Boys (1944) – Submarine Officer (uncredited) The Story of Dr. Wassell (1944) – U.S. Navy Damage Control Officer (uncredited) Once Upon a Time (1944) – Man (uncredited) Stars on Parade (1944) – Director (uncredited) Sonora Stagecoach (1944) – Lawyer Larry Payne Trigger Trail (1944) – Rance Hudson Return of the Ape Man (1944) – Patrolman on beat (uncredited) Raiders of Ghost City (1944) – Henry / Hank, Saloon Owner U-Boat Prisoner (1944) – George Acton, Nazi Spy (uncredited) Cry of the Werewolf (1944) – George Latour (uncredited) Trigger Law (1944) – Corey The Old Texas Trail (1944) – Sparks Diamond Song of the Range (1944) – Federal Agent CleveTrevor Can't Help Singing (1944) – Captain Sherwood (uncredited) I Was a Criminal (1945) Mom and Dad (1945) – Dan Blake Jungle Queen (1945, Serial) – Muller (uncredited) There Goes Kelly (1945) – John Quigley The Monster and the Ape (1945, Serial) – Professor Ames (uncredited) Counter-Attack (1945) – Russian Officer (uncredited) Honeymoon Ahead (1945) – Caldwell (uncredited) The Great John L. (1945) – Crony (uncredited) The Chicago Kid (1945) – Typewriter Buyer (uncredited) Secret Agent X-9 (1945 serial) (1945) – Bill Browder (uncredited) Rustlers of the Badlands (1945) – Jim Norton River Gang (1945) – Reporter (uncredited) The Royal Mounted Rides Again (1945) – Grail The Crimson Canary (1945) – Frank Wilson (uncredited) Frontier Gal (1945) – Henchman (uncredited) Live Wires (1946) – Policeman at Airport Because of Him (1946) – Reporter (uncredited) The Bandit of Sherwood Forest (1946) – Robin Hood's Man (uncredited) The Gentleman Misbehaves (1946) – Official (uncredited) Lost City of the Jungle (1946) – Bowen, Peace Foundation Member (uncredited) The Phantom Thief (1942) – Cop #2 Outside Hospital Room (uncredited) Passkey to Danger (1946) – Mr. Nelson (uncredited) Dark Alibi (1946) – Brand Her Adventurous Night (1946) – Police Radio Announcer (uncredited) In Fast Company (1946) – Officer Shadows Over Chinatown (1946) – Lannigan The Mysterious Mr. M (1946) – Thomas Elliott (uncredited) Below the Deadline (1946) – James S. Vail The Devil's Playground (1946) – U.S. Marshal Ginger (1946) – Health Dept. Official (uncredited) Dead Reckoning (1947) – Police Officer Casey (uncredited) The Unsuspected (1947) – Bit Part (uncredited) The Fabulous Texan (1947) – Tax Collector (uncredited) Reaching from Heaven (1948) – Mr. Gram (uncredited) Angels' Alley (1948) – Policeman (uncredited) Campus Sleuth (1948) – Officer Edwards King of the Gamblers (1948) – Saunders (uncredited) Speed to Spare (1948) – Truck Driving Instructor (uncredited) Jinx Money (1948) – Tax Man (uncredited) Shanghai Chest (1948) – Police Sgt. Pat Finley The Babe Ruth Story (1948) – Reporter (scenes deleted) For the Love of Mary (1948) – (uncredited) False Paradise (1948) – Radley Quick on the Trigger (1948) – Alfred Murdock Bad Boy (1949) – Gambler (uncredited) The Last Bandit (1949) – Bank Teller (uncredited) Sky Dragon (1949) – Det. Stacey (uncredited) Holiday Affair (1949) – Elevator Starter (uncredited) Undertow (1949) – Pop (uncredited) Bodyhold (1949) – Stadium Security Guard Morgan (uncredited) Samson and Delilah (1949) – Lord (uncredited) Shadow on the Wall (1950) – Prosecuting Attorney (uncredited) Louisa (1950) – Policeman (uncredited) Federal Man (1950) – Wade Brandon Hi-Jacked (1950) – Digbey Rookie Fireman (1950) – Floyd Chain Gang (1950) – Guard Adams (uncredited) Hot Rod (1950) – Police Dispatcher (uncredited) Counterspy Meets Scotland Yard (1950) – Assistant (uncredited) Frenchie (1950) – Gorman's Friend (uncredited) Sierra Passage (1950) – Sheriff (uncredited) One Too Many (1950) – Harry Bowery Battalion (1951) – Major (uncredited) Fingerprints Don't Lie (1951) – King Sullivan Fury of the Congo (1951) – Barnes Half Angel (1951) – Court Clerk (uncredited) Roar of the Iron Horse – Rail-Blazer of the Apache Trail (1951) – Karl Ulrich- aka The Baron The Texas Rangers (1951) – Sheriff (uncredited) Let's Go Navy! (1951) – Officer #3 (uncredited) FBI Girl (1951) – Fingerprint Man (uncredited) Captain Video: Master of the Stratosphere (1951, Serial) – Dr. Tobor Phone Call from a Stranger (1952) – Doctor (uncredited) Meet Danny Wilson (1952) – Detective Lt. Kelly (uncredited) Jungle Jim in the Forbidden Land (1952) – Fred Lewis Flesh and Fury (1952) – Dr. Buell (uncredited) My Six Convicts (1952) – Convict #3 (uncredited) Loan Shark (1952) – Mr. Howell (uncredited) Kansas Territory (1952) – 1st Bartender (uncredited) Without Warning! (1952) – Sam, Detective at Murder Scene (uncredited) The Sniper (1952) – Man at Park Murder Scene (voice, uncredited) Brave Warrior (1952) – Captain Barney Demming California Conquest (1952) – Capt John C. Fremont (uncredited) Carson City (1952) – Mine Owner (uncredited) Just Across the Street (1952) – John Ballanger Ma and Pa Kettle at the Fair (1952) – Man at Accident (uncredited) The Duel at Silver Creek (1952) – Jim Ryan – Bartender Last Train from Bombay (1952) – Mr. Bern – American Consulate (uncredited) Monkey Business (1952) – Mr. Peabody (uncredited) Bonzo Goes to College (1952) – Edmund Crowe (uncredited) Springfield Rifle (1952) – Judge Advocate (uncredited) The Lawless Breed (1953) – Sheriff Charlie Webb (uncredited) The Mississippi Gambler (1953) – Hewitt (uncredited) Gunsmoke (1953) – Stagecoach Passenger (uncredited) It Came from Outer Space (1953) – Dr. Snell (uncredited) Pickup on South Street (1953) – Fenton (uncredited) Vice Squad (1953) – Mr. Lawson (uncredited) The Man from the Alamo (1953) – Sheriff Kohl (uncredited) Valley of the Head Hunters (1953) – Comm. Kingston The Great Adventures of Captain Kidd (1953, Serial) – Man O' War Captain (uncredited) Riders to the Stars (1954) – Dr. Paul Dryden Loophole (1954) – Policeman (uncredited) Overland Pacific (1954) – Broden (uncredited) The Mad Magician (1954) – Theatre Manager (uncredited) Demetrius and the Gladiators (1954) – Chamberlain (uncredited) The Desperado (1954) – Mr. Bannerman (uncredited) Man with the Steel Whip (1954) – Clem Stokes (uncredited) Woman's World (1954) – Executive Reception Guest (uncredited) Dial Red O (1955) – Major Sutter An Annapolis Story (1955) – Capt. Lord (uncredited) The Naked Street (1955) – Judge #2 (uncredited) Top Gun (1955) – Anders (uncredited) Spin and Marty: The Movie (1955) – Dr. Spaulding Inside Detroit (1956) – Doctor (uncredited) The Killer Is Loose (1956) – Police Captain (uncredited) Three for Jamie Dawn (1956) – Court Clerk (uncredited) Mister Cory (1957) – Mr. Davis – Card Player (uncredited) Monkey on My Back (1957) – Marine Doctor (uncredited) The Lineup (1958) – Dr. Turkel (uncredited) Life Begins at 17 (1958) – Mr. Lippincott Gang War (1958) – Police Sergeant Ernie Tucker A Nice Little Bank That Should Be Robbed (1958) – Racing Board Commissioner (uncredited) King of the Wild Stallions (1959) – Doc (uncredited) The Rookie (1959) – Gen. Bechtel Vice Raid (1959) – Internal Affairs Hearing Officer (uncredited) A Dog's Best Friend (1959) – Dr. Lannon (uncredited) The 3rd Voice (1960) – Judge Kendall Psycho (1960) – Police Chief James Mitchell (uncredited) Air Patrol (1962) – Howie Franklin Johnny Cool (1963) – Building Superintendent (uncredited) (final film role) Selected Television References External links Bio on All Movie site 1898 births 1977 deaths 20th-century American male actors American male film actors American male television actors Male actors from San Francisco

<mask> (September 10, 1898 – March 12, 1977) was an American actor who appeared in over 180 movies during a career that stretched from the 1930s to the early 1960s. He also had a prolific television career during the 1950s. He was the older brother of actor <mask>. Biography Early life Eldredge was born <mask> in San Francisco, California. His father, Rev. <mask>, was a Presbyterian minister in San Francisco. His mother was <mask>, the daughter of <mask>. Dornin, a California legislator and noted Daguerrotypist, and Sarah Baldwin Dornin.In 1922, he married Phyllis Harms, and they had two children, <mask> <mask> and Helene <mask>. He was a photographer for the Berkeley, California Police Department, and prior to embarking on a film career, auditioned for and performed with the San Francisco Opera Company for two seasons in various supporting roles as a baritone. Film career Between 1936 and 1963 Eldredge appeared in 182 films beginning with his role as an English spy in Till We Meet Again. He was typically cast as authority figures such as army generals (The Rookie), doctors (Riders to the Stars), and innumerable police officers. However Eldredge sometimes was cast against type, as in his role as the traitorous Dr. Tobor in the B movie, Captain Video: Master of the Stratosphere. Arguably his best known film role came in the 1945 cult exploitation film Mom and Dad where Eldredge portrayed Dan Blake, the father of a teenage girl who accidentally becomes pregnant because her parents withhold knowledge about sex from her. Although the mores of the time prevented most advertising for this film, it still became the number two moneymaker for 1945.In 2005 it received a National Film Preservation award from the Library of Congress. Throughout the 1950s <mask> also had a prolific television career, appearing on such programs as Peter Gunn, Bat Masterson, The Adventures of Superman, Alfred Hitchcock Presents, and Perry Mason. He had a recurring role as Dr. Spaulding in all three Spin and Marty series, featured on Disney's Mickey Mouse Club and was seen repeatedly on Bat Masterson. <mask> and the Gladiators, which was a sequel to 20th Century Fox's biblical epic, The Robe. Although he worked steadily for several decades <mask> never became a major star. Many of his roles were small and his name was often unlisted in the credits of the films he played in. His final role was an uncredited part in the 1963 film Johnny Cool.Selected filmography Till We Meet Again (1936) – English Officer Spy (uncredited) Special Agent K-7 (1936) – Ames – Prosecuting Attorney Paroled from the Big House (1938) – 'Red' Herron Hawk of the Wilderness (1938, Serial) – Allan Kendall Exile Express (1939) – Federal Man (uncredited) The Star Maker (1939) – Reporter Northwest Passage (1940) – McMullen (uncredited) Junior G-Men (1940, Serial) – Draftsman Lynch [Chs. 5–6] (uncredited) Take Me Back to Oklahoma (1940) – Sheriff Buzzy Rides the Range (1940) – Fred Ames Roaring Frontiers (1941) – Sheriff (uncredited) Spooks Run Wild (1941) – Policeman (uncredited) They Died with Their Boots On (1941) – Capt. Riley (uncredited) Pacific Blackout (1941) – Police Dispatcher (uncredited) The Ghost of Frankenstein (1942) – Constable (uncredited) Gang Busters (1942, Serial) – Policeman at Bank [Ch. 7] (uncredited) So's Your Aunt Emma (1942) – Jake – Mickey's Trainer (uncredited) The Corpse Vanishes (1942) – Mike Let's Get Tough! (1942) – Marine Recruiter (uncredited) Top Sergeant (1942) – Deputy Joey (uncredited) Joan of Ozark (1942) – Chandler (uncredited) Isle of Missing Men (1942) – Ship's Captain (uncredited) Bowery at Midnight (1942) – Det. Thompson (uncredited) Silver Queen (1942) – Hotel Guest The Living Ghost (1942) – Tony Weldon Sherlock Holmes and the Secret Weapon (1942) – Policeman Outside Durer's (uncredited) The Adventures of Smilin' Jack (1943, Serial) – Detective-Guard [Ch. Marshal Ginger (1946) – Health Dept.Official (uncredited) Dead Reckoning (1947) – Police Officer Casey (uncredited) The Unsuspected (1947) – Bit Part (uncredited) The Fabulous Texan (1947) – Tax Collector (uncredited) Reaching from Heaven (1948) – Mr. Gram (uncredited) Angels' Alley (1948) – Policeman (uncredited) Campus Sleuth (1948) – Officer Edwards King of the Gamblers (1948) – Saunders (uncredited) Speed to Spare (1948) – Truck Driving Instructor (uncredited) Jinx Money (1948) – Tax Man (uncredited) Shanghai Chest (1948) – Police Sgt. Pat Finley The Babe Ruth Story (1948) – Reporter (scenes deleted) For the Love of Mary (1948) – (uncredited) False Paradise (1948) – Radley Quick on the Trigger (1948) – Alfred Murdock Bad Boy (1949) – Gambler (uncredited) The Last Bandit (1949) – Bank Teller (uncredited) Sky Dragon (1949) – Det. (1951) – Officer #3 (uncredited) FBI Girl (1951) – Fingerprint Man (uncredited) Captain Video: Master of the Stratosphere (1951, Serial) – Dr. Tobor Phone Call from a Stranger (1952) – Doctor (uncredited) Meet Danny Wilson (1952) – Detective Lt. Kelly (uncredited) Jungle Jim in the Forbidden Land (1952) – Fred Lewis Flesh and Fury (1952) – Dr. Buell (uncredited) My Six Convicts (1952) – Convict #3 (uncredited) Loan Shark (1952) – Mr. Howell (uncredited) Kansas Territory (1952) – 1st Bartender (uncredited) Without Warning! Kingston The Great Adventures of Captain Kidd (1953, Serial) – Man O' War Captain (uncredited) Riders to the Stars (1954) – Dr. Paul Dryden Loophole (1954) – Policeman (uncredited) Overland Pacific (1954) – Broden (uncredited) The Mad Magician (1954) – Theatre Manager (uncredited) Demetrius and the Gladiators (1954) – Chamberlain (uncredited) The Desperado (1954) – Mr. Bannerman (uncredited) Man with the Steel Whip (1954) – Clem Stokes (uncredited) Woman's World (1954) – Executive Reception Guest (uncredited) Dial Red O (1955) – Major Sutter An Annapolis Story (1955) – Capt.

<mask> was an American actor who appeared in over 180 movies during his career, which spanned from the 1930s to the early 1960s. He had a lot of television work in the 1950s. He was the brother of an actor. <mask> was born in San Francisco, California. His father is a pastor. He was a Presbyterian minister in San Francisco. His maternal grandfather was <mask>. Dornin, a California legislator and noted Daguerrotypist.He married a woman in 1922, and they had two children. He was a photographer for the Berkeley, California Police Department, and prior to embarking on a film career, auditioning for and performing with the San Francisco Opera Company for two seasons in various supporting roles as a baritone. His film career began with his role as an English spy in Till We Meet Again. He was often portrayed as an authority figure such as army generals, doctors, and police officers. <mask> was cast against type in his role as the traitorous Dr. Tobor in the B movie, Captain Video: Master of the Stratosphere. His best known film role was in the 1945 cult exploitation film Mom and Dad, in which he played the father of a teenage girl who accidentally becomes pregnant because her parents don't know about sex. The film became the number two moneymaker in 1945, despite the fact that most advertising was stopped.The Library of Congress gave it a National Film Preservation award. During the 1950s, <mask> appeared on a number of television programs, including The Adventures of Superman, Alfred Hitchcock Presents, and Peter Gunn. He played a recurring role as Dr. Spaulding in the Spin and Marty series as well as on Disney's Mickey Mouse Club. The sequel to the biblical epic, The Robe, was called Demetrius and the Gladiators. <mask> was a steady worker for several decades. Many of his roles were small and his name was not known in the credits of the films he played in. He played an uncredited part in Johnny Cool.Special Agent K-7, Ames, and 'Red' Herron Hawk of the Wilderness are included in the filmography Till We Meet Again. Take Me Back to Oklahoma, Sheriff Buzzy Rides the Range, and Spooks Run Wild are uncredited. Riley (uncredited) Pacific Blackout (1941) is a police dispatcher. So's Your Aunt Emma, Jake, and The Corpse Vanishes are uncredited. Top Sergeant, Joan of Ozark, and Isle of Missing Men are uncredited. Thompson's Silver Queen, Hotel Guest The Living Ghost, and Policeman Outside Durer's are uncredited. The Health Dept. has a marshal ginger.The Unsuspected, Bit Part, and The Fabulous Texan are uncredited. The Babe Ruth Story, For the Love of Mary, False Paradise, and Bad Boy were deleted. The FBI Girl is uncredited and the Captain Video: Master of the Stratosphere is uncredited. The Great Adventures of Captain Kidd, Riders to the Stars, and Policeman are uncredited.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leroy%20Anderson

Leroy Anderson

Leroy Anderson ( ) (June 29, 1908 – May 18, 1975) was an American composer of short, light concert pieces, many of which were introduced by the Boston Pops Orchestra under the direction of Arthur Fiedler. John Williams described him as "one of the great American masters of light orchestral music." Early life Born in Cambridge, Massachusetts to Swedish parents, Anderson was given his first piano lessons by his mother, who was a church organist. He continued studying piano at the New England Conservatory of Music. In 1925, Anderson entered Harvard College, where he studied musical harmony with Walter Spalding, counterpoint with Edward Ballantine, canon and fugue with William C. Heilman, orchestration with Edward B. Hill and Walter Piston, composition, also with Piston, and double bass with Gaston Dufresne. He also studied organ with Henry Gideon. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts, magna cum laude in 1929 and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa. At Harvard University Graduate School, he studied composition with Walter Piston and George Enescu and received a Master of Arts in Music in 1930. Career Anderson continued studying at Harvard, working towards a PhD in German and Scandinavian languages; Anderson spoke English and Swedish during his youth, and eventually became fluent in Danish, Norwegian, Icelandic, German, French, Italian, and Portuguese. At the time, he was working as organist and choir director at the East Milton Congregational Church, leading the Harvard University Band, and conducting and arranging for dance bands around Boston. In 1936 his arrangements came to the attention of Arthur Fiedler, who asked to see any original compositions that he could use in his concerts as the 18th conductor of the Boston Pops Orchestra at Symphony Hall. Anderson's first work was the 1938 "Jazz Pizzicato", but at just over ninety seconds, the piece was too short for a three-minute 78 rpm single of the period. Fiedler suggested writing a companion piece, and Anderson wrote '"Jazz Legato" later that same year. The combined recording went on to become one of Anderson's signature compositions. In 1942, Anderson joined the United States Army, and was assigned in Iceland with the U.S. Counterintelligence Corps as a translator and interpreter; in 1945 he was reassigned to the Pentagon as Chief of the Scandinavian Desk of Military Intelligence. His duties did not, however, prevent him from composing, and in 1945 he wrote "The Syncopated Clock" and "Promenade". Anderson became a reserve officer and was recalled to active duty for the Korean War. He wrote his first hit, "Blue Tango", in 1951, earning a Golden Disc and the No. 1 spot on the Billboard charts. His pieces and his recordings during the 1950s conducting a studio orchestra were immense commercial successes. "Blue Tango" was the first instrumental recording ever to sell one million copies. His most famous pieces are probably "Sleigh Ride" and "The Syncopated Clock". In February 1951, WCBS-TV in New York City selected "The Syncopated Clock" as the theme song for The Late Show, the WCBS late-night movie, using Percy Faith's recording. Mitchell Parish added words to "The Syncopated Clock", and later wrote lyrics for other Anderson tunes, including "Sleigh Ride", which was not written as a Christmas piece, but as a work that describes a winter event. Anderson started the work during a heat wave in August 1946. The Boston Pops' recording of it was the first pure orchestral piece to reach No. 1 on the Billboard Pop Music chart. From 1952 to 1961, Anderson's composition "Plink, Plank, Plunk!" was used as the theme for the CBS panel show I've Got a Secret. Anderson's musical style employs creative instrumental effects and occasionally makes use of sound-generating items such as typewriters and sandpaper. Anderson wrote his Piano Concerto in C in 1953 but withdrew it, feeling that it had weak spots. The Anderson family decided to publish the work in 1988. Erich Kunzel and the Cincinnati Pops Orchestra released the first recording of this work; four other recordings, including one for piano and organ, have since been released. In 1958, Anderson composed the music for the Broadway show Goldilocks with orchestrations by Philip J. Lang. Even though it earned two Tony awards, Goldilocks did not achieve commercial success. Anderson never wrote another musical, preferring instead to continue writing orchestral miniatures. His pieces, including "The Typewriter", "Bugler's Holiday", and "A Trumpeter's Lullaby" are performed by orchestras and bands ranging from school groups to professional organizations. Anderson appeared with the Boston Pops on May 18, 1972 which was broadcast by PBS and conducted "The Typewriter" as an encore while Fiedler played the carriage return percussive part. The Boston Pops used the audio of that performance along with some video in a tribute film to Fiedler. American film comedian Jerry Lewis recorded a sketch in black and white using the stage name Pietro Del Canto using a real typewriter and an even cleverer sketch in colour miming with an imaginary typewriter, both to the sound of this tune. Anderson was initiated as an honorary member of the Gamma Omega chapter of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia at Indiana State University in 1969. Death In 1975, Anderson died of cancer in Woodbury, Connecticut and was buried there. He was 66. In popular culture For his contribution to the recording industry, Leroy Anderson has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1620 Vine Street. He was posthumously inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1988, and his music continues to be a staple of "pops" orchestra repertoire. In 1995 the new headquarters of the Harvard University Band was named the Anderson Band Center in honor of Leroy Anderson. The Leroy Anderson House in Woodbury, Connecticut has been placed on the National Register of Historic Places. In 2006, one of his piano works, "Forgotten Dreams", written in 1954, became the background for a British TV advertisement for mobile phone company 3. Previously, Los Angeles station KABC-TV used the song as its sign-off theme at the end of broadcast days in the 1980s, and Mantovani's recording of the song had been the closing theme for WABC-TV's Eyewitness News for much of the 1970s. "Forgotten Dreams" was used as a recurring theme in the French film Populaire (2012). The Typewriter was used as the theme song for Esto no tiene nombre, a Puerto Rican television comedy program – loosely based on the TV series Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In – produced by Tommy Muñiz between the late 1960s and late 1970s. It is also the signature tune for the BBC Radio 4 series The News Quiz, which has been running since 1977. Works Orchestral compositions Alma Mater (1954) Chapel Bells Freshman on Main Street Library Reading Room Class Reunion Arietta (1962) Balladette (1962) Belle of the Ball (1951) Blue Tango (1951) Brunoniana: Songs of Brown (1947), a medley of Brown University songs Bugler's Holiday (1954) The Captains and the Kings (1962) Concerto in C Major for Piano and Orchestra (1953) (withdrawn by the composer, and released posthumously) China Doll (1951) Clarinet Candy (1962) Fiddle-Faddle' (1947)The First Day of Spring (1954)Forgotten Dreams (1954)The Girl in Satin (1953)The Golden Years (1962)Governor Bradford March (1948) (published posthumously) Harvard Sketches (1938) (later renamed Alma Mater) Lowell House Bells Freshman in Harvard Square Widener Reading Room Class Day Confetti BattleHome Stretch (1962)Horse and Buggy (1951)Jazz Legato (1938)Jazz Pizzicato (1938)Lullaby of the Drums (1970) (published posthumously)March of the Two Left Feet (1970)Mother's Whistler (1940) (published posthumously)The Penny Whistle Song (1951)The Phantom Regiment (1951)Pirate Dance (1962) (optional SATB chorus)Plink, Plank, Plunk! (1951)Promenade (1945)The Pussy Foot Ballet Music (1962)Pyramid Dance (1962) (optional SATB chorus)Sandpaper Ballet (1954)Saraband (1948)Serenata (1947)Sleigh Ride (1948)Song of the Bells (1953)Summer Skies (1953)The Syncopated Clock (1945)Ticonderoga March (1939) (Anderson's only work written for concert band)A Trumpeter's Lullaby (1949)The Typewriter (1950)Waltz Around the Scale (1970)The Waltzing Cat (1950) Orchestral arrangements Birthday Party (1970)Chicken Reel (1946)A Christmas Festival (1950) (original version was 9:00, later shortened in 1952 to 5:45)Classical Jukebox (1950)Harvard Fantasy (1936)A Harvard Festival (1969) Irish Suite (1947 and 1949) The Irish Washerwoman (1947) The Minstrel Boy (1947) The Rakes of Mallow (1947) The Wearing of the Green (1949) The Last Rose of Summer (1947) The Girl I Left Behind Me (1949) Scottish Suite (1954) Bonnie Dundee (published posthumously) Turn Ye to Me The Bluebells of Scotland The Campbells Are Coming (published posthumously)Second Regiment Connecticut National Guard March (1973)Song of Jupiter (1951)Suite of Carols for Brass Choir (1955) (seven carols)Suite of Carols for String Orchestra (1955) (six carols) Suite of Carols for Woodwind Ensemble (1955) (six carols)To a Wild Rose (1970) (arranged from the song by Edward MacDowell) (published posthumously)Old MacDonald Had a FarmSeventy-Six TrombonesMusical theater compositionsMy Sister Eileen (1952) (the music is lost) Goldilocks (musical) (1958) Overture (1958) Bad Companions (1958) Come to Me (1958) Give the Little Lady (1958) Guess Who (1958) Heart of Stone (Pyramid Dance) (1958) He'll Never Stray (1958) Hello (1958) I Can't Be in Love (1958) I Never Know When to Say When (1958) If I Can't Take it With Me (1958) Lady in Waiting (1958) Lazy Moon (1958) Little Girls (1958) My Last Spring (1958) No One Will Ever Love You (1958) Save a Kiss (1958) Shall I Take My Heart and Go? (1958) Tag-a-long Kid (1958) The Beast in You (1958) The Pussy Foot (1958) There Never Was a Woman (1958) Town House Maxixe (1958) Two Years in the Making (1958) Who's Been Sitting in My Chair? (1958) Gone With the Wind (1961) I'm Too Young to Be a Widow Fiddle-Dee-Dee This Lovely World Vocal compositionsDo You Think That Love Is Here to Stay? (1935)Love May Come and Love May Go (1935)The Music in My Heart (1935)You Can Always Tell a Harvard Man (1962)What's the Use of Love? (1935) Organ compositionsCambridge Centennial March of Industry (1946)Easter Song (194-)Wedding March for Jane and Peter (1972) Other compositionsHens and Chickens (1966) (for beginning piano)Chatterbox (1966) (for beginning piano)Melody on Two Notes (~1965) (for beginning orchestra)An Old Fashioned Song (196-) (for beginning piano)Piece for Rolf (1961) (for two cellos)The Cowboy and His Horse (1966) (for beginning piano)The Whistling Kettle (~1965) (for beginning orchestra)Woodbury Fanfare (1959) (for four trumpets) Discography The following is a selected discography of original recordings by Leroy Anderson. They were released from 1958 to 1962 on 33 rpm discs and on digitally remastered compact discs released posthumously. 78 rpm and 45 rpm discs from 1945 to 1962, and releases of identical recordings on different labels in U.K., Germany, New Zealand and elsewhere, are not listed. Recordings by Leroy Anderson Leroy Anderson Conducts His Own Compositions (Decca DL 7509; 1950) Leroy Anderson Conducts His Own Compositions Vol. 2 (Decca DL 7519; 1951) Leroy Anderson's Irish Suite (Decca DL 4050; 1952) Christmas Carols (Decca DL-8193; 1955) Leroy Anderson conducts Blue Tango and Other Favorites (Decca DL 8121; 1958) A Christmas Festival (Decca DL 78925 (s); 1959) Leroy Anderson Conducts Leroy Anderson (Decca DL 78865 (s); 1959) Leroy Anderson Conducts His Music (Decca DL 78954 (s); 1960) The New Music of Leroy Anderson (Decca DL 74335 (s); 1962) The Leroy Anderson Collection (Digitally remastered from original Decca analog recordings) (MCA Classics MCAD2-9815-A & B; 1988) The Best of Leroy Anderson: Sleigh Ride (Digitally remastered from original Decca analog master recordings) (MCA Classics MCAD −11710; 1997) Honors and awards Phi Beta Kappa, elected June 17, 1929. Music Director, Harvard University Band 1929, 1931–1935 Gold Record, Blue Tango, 1952 Member, Board of Directors, ASCAP, New York, New York 1960–1964 Member, Music Department Committee, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 1962–1968 Goldman Citation, American Bandmasters Association, March 10, 1966 Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, Gamma Omega Chapter (honorary member), Indiana State University, 1969 Member of Board of Directors of symphony orchestras: New Haven, Connecticut 1969–1975 Hartford, Connecticut 1971–1975 Honorary Doctorate (Ph.D), Portia Law School, Boston, Massachusetts June 1971 Honorary Doctorate (Ph.D), Western New England College, Springfield, Massachusetts May 1974 Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, 1976 Named to Songwriters Hall of Fame, April 18, 1988 Anderson Band Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University, dedicated October 26, 1995 Leroy Anderson Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts, dedicated May 31, 2003 Bibliography English Books Burgess Speed, Eleanor Anderson, Steve Metcalf: Leroy Anderson: A Bio-Bibliography (Praeger, 2004) Howard Pollack, Harvard Composers – Walter Piston and his Students (The Scarecrow Press, 1992) Edward Jablonski, The Encyclopedia of American Music (Doubleday & Co., Inc. 1981) George McCue, Music in American Society 1776–1976 (Transaction Books., 1977) Christopher Pavlakis, The American Music Handbook (MacMillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1974) David Ewen, Popular American Composers – from Revolutionary Times to the Present (H.W. Wilson Co., 1962) Jan-Erik Ander & Jeremy Lamb (translator): New Sweden 1638–1988 (Swedish National Committee for New Sweden '88, 1992) Steven Ledbetter: 100 Years of the Boston Pops (Boston Symphony Orchestra, Inc., 1985) Periodicals Joseph Smith: Leroy Anderson – Scandinavian Review (American-Scandinavian Foundation, 2009) Eliot Spalding: Vita: Leroy Anderson (Harvard Review, 1993) Janet Frank: Syncopated Clock, Indeed! (The American Scholar – Phi Beta Kappa Society, 2008) Jane Anderson Vercelli: Composer Leroy Anderson: Cambridge Born and Bred (The Newetowne Chronicle – Cambridge Historical Society, 2008) Joanne Kaufmann: Leroy Anderson: Tuneful Blade Runner (Wall Street Journal, 1995) Anthony Tommasini: Tuneful Gems from a Master: Leroy Anderson (New York Times, 1996) Frederick Fennell: Music by Leroy Anderson (The Instrumentalist, 1990) Anders Neumueller, editor: Leroy Anderson (Swedish Press Society, 1994) Andrew & Martha Sherman, editors: Annual Report dedication to Leroy Anderson (Town of Woodbury, 2008) Anthony Tommasini: Not Bach or Beethoven, but Leroy Anderson Is the Composer for Now (New York Times, April 22, 2020) Swedish Svea: Svenskättling Berömd Amerikansk Kompositör; Worcester, Massachusetts USA; (Svea Publishing Company, weekly Swedish American newspaper, November 10, 1949) Norra Strö Hembygdsförening: Norra Strö: Bygden och Folket (Norra Strö Hembygdsförening, 2009) – documentation of Leroy Anderson's parents birthplaces in Sweden Carin Dohlman: Leroy Andersons Julmusik; Wellesley, Massachusetts USA; (Gult och Blatt i Boston-New England, 2009) German Hans-Walter Berg: Leroy Anderson: ein Meister der Miniatur''; Buchloe, Germany; (Neue Blasmusik, 1992) References External links Leroy Anderson Foundation Leroy Anderson Centennial Tribute Once Upon a Sleigh Ride — PBS Web site devoted to a 1999 documentary about Anderson; biographical sketches, photographs, etc. Leroy Anderson Papers at Yale University Music Library Eleanor Anderson — NAMM Oral History Interview (2007) Kurt Anderson — NAMM Oral History Interview (2007) 1908 births 1975 deaths 20th-century American composers 20th-century classical composers 20th-century American male musicians American classical composers American classical musicians American male classical composers American music arrangers American people of Swedish descent Classical musicians from Massachusetts Decca Records artists Deaths from cancer in Connecticut Easy listening musicians Harvard College alumni Light music composers Military personnel from Massachusetts Musicians from Cambridge, Massachusetts People from Woodbury, Connecticut Pupils of Walter Piston Writers from Cambridge, Massachusetts

<mask> ( ) (June 29, 1908 – May 18, 1975) was an American composer of short, light concert pieces, many of which were introduced by the Boston Pops Orchestra under the direction of Arthur Fiedler. John Williams described him as "one of the great American masters of light orchestral music." Early life Born in Cambridge, Massachusetts to Swedish parents, <mask> was given his first piano lessons by his mother, who was a church organist. He continued studying piano at the New England Conservatory of Music. In 1925, <mask> entered Harvard College, where he studied musical harmony with Walter Spalding, counterpoint with Edward Ballantine, canon and fugue with William C. Heilman, orchestration with Edward B. Hill and Walter Piston, composition, also with Piston, and double bass with Gaston Dufresne. He also studied organ with Henry Gideon. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts, magna cum laude in 1929 and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa.At Harvard University Graduate School, he studied composition with Walter Piston and George Enescu and received a Master of Arts in Music in 1930. Career <mask> continued studying at Harvard, working towards a PhD in German and Scandinavian languages; <mask> spoke English and Swedish during his youth, and eventually became fluent in Danish, Norwegian, Icelandic, German, French, Italian, and Portuguese. At the time, he was working as organist and choir director at the East Milton Congregational Church, leading the Harvard University Band, and conducting and arranging for dance bands around Boston. In 1936 his arrangements came to the attention of Arthur Fiedler, who asked to see any original compositions that he could use in his concerts as the 18th conductor of the Boston Pops Orchestra at Symphony Hall. <mask>'s first work was the 1938 "Jazz Pizzicato", but at just over ninety seconds, the piece was too short for a three-minute 78 rpm single of the period. Fiedler suggested writing a companion piece, and <mask> wrote '"Jazz Legato" later that same year. The combined recording went on to become one of <mask>'s signature compositions.In 1942, <mask> joined the United States Army, and was assigned in Iceland with the U.S. Counterintelligence Corps as a translator and interpreter; in 1945 he was reassigned to the Pentagon as Chief of the Scandinavian Desk of Military Intelligence. His duties did not, however, prevent him from composing, and in 1945 he wrote "The Syncopated Clock" and "Promenade". <mask> became a reserve officer and was recalled to active duty for the Korean War. He wrote his first hit, "Blue Tango", in 1951, earning a Golden Disc and the No. 1 spot on the Billboard charts. His pieces and his recordings during the 1950s conducting a studio orchestra were immense commercial successes. "Blue Tango" was the first instrumental recording ever to sell one million copies.His most famous pieces are probably "Sleigh Ride" and "The Syncopated Clock". In February 1951, WCBS-TV in New York City selected "The Syncopated Clock" as the theme song for The Late Show, the WCBS late-night movie, using Percy Faith's recording. Mitchell Parish added words to "The Syncopated Clock", and later wrote lyrics for other <mask> tunes, including "Sleigh Ride", which was not written as a Christmas piece, but as a work that describes a winter event. <mask> started the work during a heat wave in August 1946. The Boston Pops' recording of it was the first pure orchestral piece to reach No. 1 on the Billboard Pop Music chart. From 1952 to 1961, <mask>'s composition "Plink, Plank, Plunk!"was used as the theme for the CBS panel show I've Got a Secret. <mask>'s musical style employs creative instrumental effects and occasionally makes use of sound-generating items such as typewriters and sandpaper. <mask> wrote his Piano Concerto in C in 1953 but withdrew it, feeling that it had weak spots. The <mask> family decided to publish the work in 1988. Erich Kunzel and the Cincinnati Pops Orchestra released the first recording of this work; four other recordings, including one for piano and organ, have since been released. In 1958, <mask> composed the music for the Broadway show Goldilocks with orchestrations by Philip J. Lang. Even though it earned two Tony awards, Goldilocks did not achieve commercial success.<mask> never wrote another musical, preferring instead to continue writing orchestral miniatures. His pieces, including "The Typewriter", "Bugler's Holiday", and "A Trumpeter's Lullaby" are performed by orchestras and bands ranging from school groups to professional organizations. <mask> appeared with the Boston Pops on May 18, 1972 which was broadcast by PBS and conducted "The Typewriter" as an encore while Fiedler played the carriage return percussive part. The Boston Pops used the audio of that performance along with some video in a tribute film to Fiedler. American film comedian Jerry Lewis recorded a sketch in black and white using the stage name Pietro Del Canto using a real typewriter and an even cleverer sketch in colour miming with an imaginary typewriter, both to the sound of this tune. <mask> was initiated as an honorary member of the Gamma Omega chapter of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia at Indiana State University in 1969. Death In 1975, <mask> died of cancer in Woodbury, Connecticut and was buried there.He was 66. In popular culture For his contribution to the recording industry, <mask> has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1620 Vine Street. He was posthumously inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1988, and his music continues to be a staple of "pops" orchestra repertoire. In 1995 the new headquarters of the Harvard University Band was named the Anderson Band Center in honor of <mask>. The <mask> House in Woodbury, Connecticut has been placed on the National Register of Historic Places. In 2006, one of his piano works, "Forgotten Dreams", written in 1954, became the background for a British TV advertisement for mobile phone company 3. Previously, Los Angeles station KABC-TV used the song as its sign-off theme at the end of broadcast days in the 1980s, and Mantovani's recording of the song had been the closing theme for WABC-TV's Eyewitness News for much of the 1970s."Forgotten Dreams" was used as a recurring theme in the French film Populaire (2012). The Typewriter was used as the theme song for Esto no tiene nombre, a Puerto Rican television comedy program – loosely based on the TV series Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In – produced by Tommy Muñiz between the late 1960s and late 1970s. It is also the signature tune for the BBC Radio 4 series The News Quiz, which has been running since 1977. Works Orchestral compositions Alma Mater (1954) Chapel Bells Freshman on Main Street Library Reading Room Class Reunion Arietta (1962) Balladette (1962) Belle of the Ball (1951) Blue Tango (1951) Brunoniana: Songs of Brown (1947), a medley of Brown University songs Bugler's Holiday (1954) The Captains and the Kings (1962) Concerto in C Major for Piano and Orchestra (1953) (withdrawn by the composer, and released posthumously) China Doll (1951) Clarinet Candy (1962) Fiddle-Faddle' (1947)The First Day of Spring (1954)Forgotten Dreams (1954)The Girl in Satin (1953)The Golden Years (1962)Governor Bradford March (1948) (published posthumously) Harvard Sketches (1938) (later renamed Alma Mater) Lowell House Bells Freshman in Harvard Square Widener Reading Room Class Day Confetti BattleHome Stretch (1962)Horse and Buggy (1951)Jazz Legato (1938)Jazz Pizzicato (1938)Lullaby of the Drums (1970) (published posthumously)March of the Two Left Feet (1970)Mother's Whistler (1940) (published posthumously)The Penny Whistle Song (1951)The Phantom Regiment (1951)Pirate Dance (1962) (optional SATB chorus)Plink, Plank, Plunk! (1958) Tag-a-long Kid (1958) The Beast in You (1958) The Pussy Foot (1958) There Never Was a Woman (1958) Town House Maxixe (1958) Two Years in the Making (1958) Who's Been Sitting in My Chair? (1958) Gone With the Wind (1961) I'm Too Young to Be a Widow Fiddle-Dee-Dee This Lovely World Vocal compositionsDo You Think That Love Is Here to Stay? (1935)Love May Come and Love May Go (1935)The Music in My Heart (1935)You Can Always Tell a Harvard Man (1962)What's the Use of Love?(1935) Organ compositionsCambridge Centennial March of Industry (1946)Easter Song (194-)Wedding March for Jane and Peter (1972) Other compositionsHens and Chickens (1966) (for beginning piano)Chatterbox (1966) (for beginning piano)Melody on Two Notes (~1965) (for beginning orchestra)An Old Fashioned Song (196-) (for beginning piano)Piece for Rolf (1961) (for two cellos)The Cowboy and His Horse (1966) (for beginning piano)The Whistling Kettle (~1965) (for beginning orchestra)Woodbury Fanfare (1959) (for four trumpets) Discography The following is a selected discography of original recordings by <mask>. They were released from 1958 to 1962 on 33 rpm discs and on digitally remastered compact discs released posthumously. 78 rpm and 45 rpm discs from 1945 to 1962, and releases of identical recordings on different labels in U.K., Germany, New Zealand and elsewhere, are not listed. Recordings by <mask> <mask> Conducts His Own Compositions (Decca DL 7509; 1950) <mask> Conducts His Own Compositions Vol. 2 (Decca DL 7519; 1951) <mask>'s Irish Suite (Decca DL 4050; 1952) Christmas Carols (Decca DL-8193; 1955) <mask> conducts Blue Tango and Other Favorites (Decca DL 8121; 1958) A Christmas Festival (Decca DL 78925 (s); 1959) <mask> Conducts <mask> (Decca DL 78865 (s); 1959) <mask> Conducts His Music (Decca DL 78954 (s); 1960) The New Music of <mask> (Decca DL 74335 (s); 1962) The <mask> Collection (Digitally remastered from original Decca analog recordings) (MCA Classics MCAD2-9815-A & B; 1988) The Best of Leroy Anderson: Sleigh Ride (Digitally remastered from original Decca analog master recordings) (MCA Classics MCAD −11710; 1997) Honors and awards Phi Beta Kappa, elected June 17, 1929. Wilson Co., 1962) Jan-Erik Ander & Jeremy Lamb (translator): New Sweden 1638–1988 (Swedish National Committee for New Sweden '88, 1992) Steven Ledbetter: 100 Years of the Boston Pops (Boston Symphony Orchestra, Inc., 1985) Periodicals Joseph Smith: Leroy Anderson – Scandinavian Review (American-Scandinavian Foundation, 2009) Eliot Spalding: Vita: Leroy Anderson (Harvard Review, 1993) Janet Frank: Syncopated Clock, Indeed! Leroy Anderson Papers at Yale University Music Library Eleanor Anderson — NAMM Oral History Interview (2007) Kurt Anderson — NAMM Oral History Interview (2007) 1908 births 1975 deaths 20th-century American composers 20th-century classical composers 20th-century American male musicians American classical composers American classical musicians American male classical composers American music arrangers American people of Swedish descent Classical musicians from Massachusetts Decca Records artists Deaths from cancer in Connecticut Easy listening musicians Harvard College alumni Light music composers Military personnel from Massachusetts Musicians from Cambridge, Massachusetts People from Woodbury, Connecticut Pupils of Walter Piston Writers from Cambridge, Massachusetts

The Boston Pops Orchestra introduced many of <mask>'s short, light concert pieces under the direction of Arthur Fiedler. He was described as one of the great American masters of light orchestral music. <mask>'s mother was a church organist and gave him his first piano lessons. He was studying piano at the New England Conservatory of Music. In 1925, <mask> entered Harvard College, where he studied harmony with Walter Spalding, counterpoint with Edward Ballantine, canon and fugue with William C. Heilman, and composition with Edward B. Hill and Walter Piston. He studied with an organist. He received a Bachelor of Arts, magna cum laude, in 1929, and was elected to the society.He received a Master of Arts in Music from Harvard University in 1930. <mask> continued his studies at Harvard, working towards a PhD in German and Scandinavian languages, while he spoke English and Swedish during his youth. He was leading the Harvard University Band and conducting and arranging for dance bands around Boston at the time. Arthur Fiedler asked to see any original compositions that he could use in his concerts as the 18th conductor of the Boston Pops Orchestra. The "Jazz Pizzicato" was too short for a three-minute 78rpm single and was <mask>'s first work. <mask> wrote "Jazz Legato" later that year after Fiedler suggested writing a companion piece. One of <mask>'s signature compositions was the combined recording.<mask> joined the United States Army in 1942 and was assigned to the U.S. Counterintelligence Corps, where he worked as a translator and interpreter. In 1945 he wrote "The Syncopated Clock" and "Promenade", despite his duties. <mask> was recalled to active duty for the Korean War after becoming a reserve officer. He wrote his first hit, "Blue Tango", in 1951. It was the top spot on the charts. His recordings during the 1950s were huge successes. "Blue Tango" was the first instrumental recording to sell a million copies."Sleigh Ride" and "The Syncopated Clock" are his most famous pieces. In February 1951, WCBS-TV in New York City selected "The Syncopated Clock" as the theme song for The Late Show, the WCBS late-night movie. Mitchell Parish added words to "The Syncopated Clock", and later wrote lyrics for other <mask> tunes, including "Sleigh Ride", which was not written as a Christmas piece, but as a work that describes a winter event. <mask> started work during a heat wave. It was the first pure orchestral piece to be recorded by the Boston Pops. There is a song on the Pop Music chart. <mask> wrote "Plink, Plank, Plunk!" from 1952 to 1961.The theme for the CBS panel show was I've Got a Secret. <mask> uses sound-generating items such as typewriters and sandpaper in his musical style. <mask> withdrew his Piano Concerto in C because it had weak spots. The work was published in 1988. The first recording of this work was released by the Cincinnati Pops Orchestra. <mask> composed the music for the Broadway show Goldilocks. Goldilocks did not achieve commercial success despite earning two Tony awards.<mask> preferred to write orchestral miniatures instead of writing another musical. Orchestras and bands perform his pieces, including "The Typewriter", "Bugler's Holiday", and "A Trumpeter's Lullaby". <mask> appeared with the Boston Pops on May 18, 1972 and 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 The audio and video of that performance were used by the Boston Pops in a tribute film to Fiedler. Jerry Lewis recorded a sketch in black and white using a real typewriter and a sketch in colour using an imaginary typewriter, both to the sound of this tune. <mask> was initiated as a member of the Gamma Omega chapter at Indiana State University in 1969. In 1975, <mask> died of cancer and was buried in Connecticut.He was 66 years old. In popular culture, <mask> has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. In 1988, he was posthumously inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame. The new headquarters of the Harvard University Band was named the Anderson Band Center in 1995. The National Register of Historic Places has a house in Connecticut on it. A British TV advertisement for a mobile phone company featured one of his piano works, "Forgotten Dreams". Mantovani's recording of the song was the closing theme for WABC-TV's Eyewitness News for much of the 1970s, and previously, Los Angeles station KABC-TV used the song as its sign-off theme."Forgotten Dreams" is a recurring theme in the film Populaire. Esto no tiene nombre is a Puerto Rican television comedy program that was produced by Tommy Muiz between the late 1960s and late 1970s. The News Quiz has been on Radio 4 since 1977. The Chapel Bells Freshman on Main Street Library Reading Room Class Reunion is one of the works. There Never Was a Woman, Tag-a-long Kid, The Pussy Foot, Two Years in the Making, and Who's Been Sitting in My Chair? I'm too young to be a widow fiddle-Dee-Dee this lovely world vocal compositions do you think love is here to stay? Love may come and love may go, but you can always tell a Harvard man.The Cambridge March of Industry is one of the compositions. Hens and Chickens is one of the compositions. They were released posthumously on digitally remastered compact discs. 78rpm and 45rpm discs from 1945 to 1962 are not listed. There are recordings of <mask> Conducts His Own Compositions. Christmas Carols and Blue Tango and Other Favorites were conducted by <mask>. New Sweden 1638–1988 (Swedish National Committee for New Sweden '88, 1992) Steven Ledbetter: 100 Years of the Boston Pops. The oral history interview with <mask> was done at the Yale University Music Library.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu%20Ogogo

Abu Ogogo

Abumere Tafadzwa "Abu" Ogogo (born 3 November 1989) is an English professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for National League side Southend United. Career Youth and Arsenal Ogogo began his career as a striker with his local Sunday league club when a scout from Wimbledon approached him for a trial. His trial was successful and he signed for Wimbledon, where he stayed until the club went into administration and the youth team disbanded due to the club's move to Milton Keynes. He was spotted as a fourteen-year-old by Arsenal playing for Fulham and joined after successfully completing a six-week trial, along with former Wimbledon teammates Kieran Gibbs and James Dunne. He started a scholarship with the club in the summer of 2006, and came to prominence in the 2006–07 FA Youth Cup run, where Arsenal were seconds away from reaching the final. It was during this period that Arsenal converted Ogogo from a central midfielder to a right back. In September 2007, he signed his first professional contract with the club on a two-year deal. It was the first time that all the second-year scholars had received professional contracts. He remained a regular in the reserves and also featured twice on the bench in League Cup games. In October 2008, Ogogo joined Championship side Nottingham Forest on a two-week trial from Arsenal along with James Dunne and Paul Rodgers, with the view to a permanent deal. He featured in a reserve game victory over Shrewsbury Town but failed to earn a deal with Forest. Barnet (loan) In November 2008 he joined League Two side Barnet on a one-month loan. He made his debut for Barnet in the 4–0 home defeat by Notts County on 15 November 2008. He scored his first goal in senior football when he slotted home a Kenny Gillet cross in a 3–1 defeat to bottom of the table Luton Town. He then went on to receive a second booking and a subsequent red card. Later on in the month, his loan was extended for a further month until January, and then later extended until the end of the season. His Barnet career ended in disastrous fashion as he was sent off for handball in the final game of the season against Port Vale. He made a total of nine appearances for the club scoring once. In May 2009, it was announced that he would be released by Arsenal, after failing to make a breakthrough at the club. Dagenham & Redbridge In June 2009, he signed for League Two side Dagenham & Redbridge on a two-year contract, as a direct replacement for Danny Foster who had recently departed to Brentford. His Daggers career got off to an indifferent start with Ogogo gaining a reputation for getting sent off. When Ogogo was sent off against Macclesfield Town in October 2009, he was consigned to a spell on the bench after the Daggers replaced him with loan signing Seth Nana Twumasi. He made his debut for the club in August 2009, in a 2–1 win at Crewe Alexandra, replacing Jon Nurse as a substitute on the right wing. When he returned to the side in a match against Shrewsbury Town, he came close to another red card following another reckless challenge. Ogogo admitted he learned the hard way, waiting for his chance and slowly cemented his place at right back in the Daggers side as they pushed for the play-offs. He featured for the side in the 2010 League Two play-off Final win over Rotherham United at Wembley Stadium. In August 2010, he signed a new two-year contract extension with the Daggers. He took his impressive form into the club's maiden season in League One, showing his ability to play at a higher level during the 2010–11 season. However, he could not save the Daggers from relegation on the final game of the season in a 5–0 defeat to Peterborough United. He continued to be a first team regular as the Daggers struggled on their return to League Two finishing in the bottom half of the table. In July 2012, he committed to another three-year contract with the club, after impressive for a third successive campaign. He was also appointed captain, succeeding from departing skipper Mark Arber. It was during the 2012–13 season that he was moved from right back to central midfield under new manager Wayne Burnett, after he convinced the manager for the opportunity to switch. However, the club struggled and had to battle for Football League survival, which came as a surprise to Ogogo. He went on to make his 200th appearance for the Daggers in February 2014, in a 1–1 draw with Burton Albion. In April 2014, Ogogo claimed the supporters' and club Player of the Year awards, after scoring nine goals during the campaign. In his final season for the club he made 39 appearances, with an injury set-back preventing him from making more appearances. In May 2015, it was announced that Ogogo would leave Dagenham & Redbridge in June 2015 when his contract expired as he wished to move on from the club. Shrewsbury Town On 1 June 2015 Ogogo signed a two-year deal with Shrewsbury Town, stepping back up to League One. He became a first-team regular, making his Shrewsbury debut on the opening day against Millwall, and scoring his first goal for the club in a 2–0 home win over Bury. His second goal of the season, an injury time effort against Grimsby Town in an FA Cup second-round replay, finally broke the deadlock after the preceding 180 goalless minutes in the tie, to set up a third-round trip to Cardiff City. With Shrewsbury successfully avoiding relegation with one match to spare in their first season back in League One, Ogogo made more appearances for the club than any other player, and won both the Players' Player of the Year and overall Player of the Year awards for his consistent displays in midfield during 2015–16. The following season, Ogogo became more of a peripheral figure in the final weeks of Micky Mellon's management at the club, but was almost ever-present in the first few months under new manager Paul Hurst, who praised him for his infectious good attitude. He suffered a knee injury in February 2017 likely to keep him out for the remainder of the season, although despite this the club opted to extend his contract until summer 2018, during his rehabilitation period. Ahead of the 2017–18 season, Ogogo was appointed team captain, alongside club captain Mat Sadler. Coventry City After rejecting a contract offer to stay at Shrewsbury Town, Abu Ogogo agreed a three-year contract to join newly-promoted League One side Coventry City on 26 June 2018. Bristol Rovers On 31 January 2019, Ogogo joined fellow League One club Bristol Rovers on a free transfer, and made his debut two days later in a 2–1 away win at Southend United, playing the whole match. Ogogo scored his first goal for the club on 21 September 2019 in a 3–1 way win at AFC Wimbledon, equalising after Rovers had fallen behind. Dagenham and Redbridge (loan) Having not been given a shirt number for the 2020-21 season, on 23 October 2020 Ogogo dropped down to the National League to join former club Dagenham & Redbridge on loan until January 2021. The following day he made his debut, starting in an FA Cup 4th qualifying round victory over Hartley Wintney. Ogogo was made captain during his time at the club, making 13 appearances before returning to the Gas on 11 January 2021. Following his return from his loan spell at Dagenham, Ogogo was reintegrated back into the first-team picture by manager Paul Tisdale, who had replaced Garner, and made his first appearance back for the club on 12 January 2021 in a 1–0 EFL Trophy defeat to AFC Wimbledon. He was again left out of the squad however for the second half of the season on account of an injury. At the end of the season it was announced that Ogogo's contract would not be renewed and he would be leaving the club. Southend United On 25 June 2021, Ogogo agreed to join recently relegated National League side Southend United on a one-year deal with the option for a second year. Personal life Ogogo, who is of Ghanaian descent, was born in Epsom, Surrey and was raised in nearby Tadworth. He attended Merland Rise Primary School (now Epsom Downs Primary), and then The Beacon School in Banstead, Surrey. Career statistics Honours Dagenham & Redbridge League Two play-offs: 2009–10 References External links Abu Ogogo profile at the official Shrewsbury Town F.C. website 1989 births Living people Sportspeople from Epsom Footballers from Surrey English footballers Association football defenders Association football midfielders Wimbledon F.C. players Arsenal F.C. players Barnet F.C. players Dagenham & Redbridge F.C. players Shrewsbury Town F.C. players Coventry City F.C. players Bristol Rovers F.C. players Southend United F.C. players English Football League players National League (English football) players Black British sportspeople English people of Ghanaian descent

<mask> "<mask>" <mask> (born 3 November 1989) is an English professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for National League side Southend United. Career Youth and Arsenal Ogogo began his career as a striker with his local Sunday league club when a scout from Wimbledon approached him for a trial. His trial was successful and he signed for Wimbledon, where he stayed until the club went into administration and the youth team disbanded due to the club's move to Milton Keynes. He was spotted as a fourteen-year-old by Arsenal playing for Fulham and joined after successfully completing a six-week trial, along with former Wimbledon teammates Kieran Gibbs and James Dunne. He started a scholarship with the club in the summer of 2006, and came to prominence in the 2006–07 FA Youth Cup run, where Arsenal were seconds away from reaching the final. It was during this period that Arsenal converted Ogogo from a central midfielder to a right back. In September 2007, he signed his first professional contract with the club on a two-year deal.It was the first time that all the second-year scholars had received professional contracts. He remained a regular in the reserves and also featured twice on the bench in League Cup games. In October 2008, <mask> joined Championship side Nottingham Forest on a two-week trial from Arsenal along with James Dunne and Paul Rodgers, with the view to a permanent deal. He featured in a reserve game victory over Shrewsbury Town but failed to earn a deal with Forest. Barnet (loan) In November 2008 he joined League Two side Barnet on a one-month loan. He made his debut for Barnet in the 4–0 home defeat by Notts County on 15 November 2008. He scored his first goal in senior football when he slotted home a Kenny Gillet cross in a 3–1 defeat to bottom of the table Luton Town.He then went on to receive a second booking and a subsequent red card. Later on in the month, his loan was extended for a further month until January, and then later extended until the end of the season. His Barnet career ended in disastrous fashion as he was sent off for handball in the final game of the season against Port Vale. He made a total of nine appearances for the club scoring once. In May 2009, it was announced that he would be released by Arsenal, after failing to make a breakthrough at the club. Dagenham & Redbridge In June 2009, he signed for League Two side Dagenham & Redbridge on a two-year contract, as a direct replacement for Danny Foster who had recently departed to Brentford. His Daggers career got off to an indifferent start with Ogogo gaining a reputation for getting sent off.When Ogogo was sent off against Macclesfield Town in October 2009, he was consigned to a spell on the bench after the Daggers replaced him with loan signing Seth Nana Twumasi. He made his debut for the club in August 2009, in a 2–1 win at Crewe Alexandra, replacing Jon Nurse as a substitute on the right wing. When he returned to the side in a match against Shrewsbury Town, he came close to another red card following another reckless challenge. Ogogo admitted he learned the hard way, waiting for his chance and slowly cemented his place at right back in the Daggers side as they pushed for the play-offs. He featured for the side in the 2010 League Two play-off Final win over Rotherham United at Wembley Stadium. In August 2010, he signed a new two-year contract extension with the Daggers. He took his impressive form into the club's maiden season in League One, showing his ability to play at a higher level during the 2010–11 season.However, he could not save the Daggers from relegation on the final game of the season in a 5–0 defeat to Peterborough United. He continued to be a first team regular as the Daggers struggled on their return to League Two finishing in the bottom half of the table. In July 2012, he committed to another three-year contract with the club, after impressive for a third successive campaign. He was also appointed captain, succeeding from departing skipper Mark Arber. It was during the 2012–13 season that he was moved from right back to central midfield under new manager Wayne Burnett, after he convinced the manager for the opportunity to switch. However, the club struggled and had to battle for Football League survival, which came as a surprise to Ogogo. He went on to make his 200th appearance for the Daggers in February 2014, in a 1–1 draw with Burton Albion.In April 2014, <mask> claimed the supporters' and club Player of the Year awards, after scoring nine goals during the campaign. In his final season for the club he made 39 appearances, with an injury set-back preventing him from making more appearances. In May 2015, it was announced that <mask> would leave Dagenham & Redbridge in June 2015 when his contract expired as he wished to move on from the club. Shrewsbury Town On 1 June 2015 <mask> signed a two-year deal with Shrewsbury Town, stepping back up to League One. He became a first-team regular, making his Shrewsbury debut on the opening day against Millwall, and scoring his first goal for the club in a 2–0 home win over Bury. His second goal of the season, an injury time effort against Grimsby Town in an FA Cup second-round replay, finally broke the deadlock after the preceding 180 goalless minutes in the tie, to set up a third-round trip to Cardiff City. With Shrewsbury successfully avoiding relegation with one match to spare in their first season back in League One, Ogogo made more appearances for the club than any other player, and won both the Players' Player of the Year and overall Player of the Year awards for his consistent displays in midfield during 2015–16.The following season, Ogogo became more of a peripheral figure in the final weeks of Micky Mellon's management at the club, but was almost ever-present in the first few months under new manager Paul Hurst, who praised him for his infectious good attitude. He suffered a knee injury in February 2017 likely to keep him out for the remainder of the season, although despite this the club opted to extend his contract until summer 2018, during his rehabilitation period. Ahead of the 2017–18 season, <mask> was appointed team captain, alongside club captain Mat Sadler. Coventry City After rejecting a contract offer to stay at Shrewsbury Town, <mask> agreed a three-year contract to join newly-promoted League One side Coventry City on 26 June 2018. Bristol Rovers On 31 January 2019, <mask> joined fellow League One club Bristol Rovers on a free transfer, and made his debut two days later in a 2–1 away win at Southend United, playing the whole match. <mask> scored his first goal for the club on 21 September 2019 in a 3–1 way win at AFC Wimbledon, equalising after Rovers had fallen behind. Dagenham and Redbridge (loan) Having not been given a shirt number for the 2020-21 season, on 23 October 2020 Ogogo dropped down to the National League to join former club Dagenham & Redbridge on loan until January 2021.The following day he made his debut, starting in an FA Cup 4th qualifying round victory over Hartley Wintney. <mask> was made captain during his time at the club, making 13 appearances before returning to the Gas on 11 January 2021. Following his return from his loan spell at Dagenham, <mask> was reintegrated back into the first-team picture by manager Paul Tisdale, who had replaced Garner, and made his first appearance back for the club on 12 January 2021 in a 1–0 EFL Trophy defeat to AFC Wimbledon. He was again left out of the squad however for the second half of the season on account of an injury. At the end of the season it was announced that <mask>'s contract would not be renewed and he would be leaving the club. Southend United On 25 June 2021, <mask> agreed to join recently relegated National League side Southend United on a one-year deal with the option for a second year. Personal life <mask>, who is of Ghanaian descent, was born in Epsom, Surrey and was raised in nearby Tadworth.He attended Merland Rise Primary School (now Epsom Downs Primary), and then The Beacon School in Banstead, Surrey. Career statistics Honours Dagenham & Redbridge League Two play-offs: 2009–10 References External links <mask>go profile at the official Shrewsbury Town F.C. website 1989 births Living people Sportspeople from Epsom Footballers from Surrey English footballers Association football defenders Association football midfielders Wimbledon F.C. players Arsenal F.C. players Barnet F.C. players Dagenham & Redbridge F.C. players Shrewsbury Town F.C.players Coventry City F.C. players Bristol Rovers F.C. players Southend United F.C. players English Football League players National League (English football) players Black British sportspeople English people of Ghanaian descent

<mask> "<mask>" <mask> is an English professional footballer who plays for a National League side. When a scout from Wimbledon approached him for a trial, he was a forward for his local Sunday league club. After signing for Wimbledon, he stayed until the club went into administration and the youth team ceased to exist. After completing a six-week trial, he joined the club after being spotted as a fourteen-year-old. He came to prominence in the 2006–07 FA Youth Cup run, when the club was seconds away from reaching the final. It was during this time that <mask> was converted to a right back. He signed his first professional contract with the club in September of 2007.All second-year scholars received professional contracts for the first time. He played in two League Cup games and was a regular in the reserves. James Dunne and Paul Rodgers were both on a two-week trial at Forest with the view to a permanent deal. He failed to get a deal with Forest despite playing in a reserve game. He joined League Two side Barnet on a one-month loan in November 2008. He made his debut in a 4–0 loss to Notts County. He scored his first goal in senior football in a 3–1 defeat to bottom of the table Luton Town.He received a second booking and a red card. His loan was extended for a further month until January and then again until the end of the season. He was sent off in the final game of the season against Port Vale for using his hand. He scored once in nine appearances for the club. In May 2009, it was announced that he would be released by the club after failing to make a breakthrough. He signed for Dagenham & Redbridge in June of 2009, as a replacement for Danny Foster who had left the club. His career at the Daggers got off to a bad start as he was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217The Daggers replaced him with a loan signing after he was sent off against Macclesfield Town. He made his debut for the club in August 2009, replacing Jon Nurse as a substitute on the right wing. He came close to a red card after another reckless challenge when he returned to the side. He learned the hard way, waiting for his chance and slowly cementing his place in the Daggers side as they pushed for the play-offs. He played in the League Two play-off Final at Wembley Stadium. He signed a two-year contract extension with the Daggers. He showed his ability to play at a higher level during the 2010–11 season, after taking his impressive form into the club's maiden season in League One.He was unable to save the Daggers from the drop on the final day of the season. He continued to be a first team regular as the Daggers struggled in League Two, finishing in the bottom half of the table. He signed a new three-year contract with the club in July of 2012. He succeeded Mark Arber as captain. After persuading the manager for the chance to switch, he was moved from right back to central in the 2012–13 season. However, the club was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He made his 200th appearance for the Daggers in February of last year.The supporters' and club Player of the Year awards went to Ogogo after he scored nine goals. An injury set-back prevented him from making more appearances in his final season with the club. When his contract expired in June 2015, it was announced that he would leave the club. On June 1, 2015, Ogogo signed a two-year deal with Shrewsbury Town, returning to League One. He became a first-team regular and scored his first goal for the club in a 2–0 home win over Bury. His second goal of the season, an injury time effort against Grimsby Town in an FA Cup second-round replay, finally broke the deadlock after the preceding 180 goalless minutes in the tie, to set up a third-round trip to Cardiff City. The Player of the Year and overall Player of the Year awards were won by Ogogo, who made more appearances for the club than any other player, and won both the Players' Player of the Year and overall Player of the Year awards for his consistent displays in the middle of the park.In the final weeks of Micky Mellon's management at the club, Ogogo became more of a peripheral figure, but was almost always present in the first few months under new manager Paul Hurst, who praised him for his infectious good attitude. He suffered a knee injury in February of last year that was likely to keep him out for the rest of the season, but the club decided to extend his contract until summer of next year. The team captain was named ahead of the season. After rejecting a contract offer to stay at Shrewsbury Town, <mask>go agreed a three-year contract to join newly-promoted League One side Coventry City. After a free transfer from League One club Bristol Rovers, Ogogo made his debut in a 2–1 away win at Southend United, playing the whole match. He scored his first goal for the club in a 3–1 way win at AFC Wimbledon on September 21st, 2019. After not being given a shirt number for the 2020-21 season, Ogogo dropped down to the National League to join his former club.He started in the FA Cup 4th qualification round victory over Hartley Wintney. During his time at the club, he made 13 appearances and was made captain. Following his return from his loan spell at Dagenham, <mask> was reintegrated back into the first-team picture by manager Paul Tisdale, who had replaced Garner, and made his first appearance back for the club on January 12th, 2021. He was left out of the squad for the second half of the season because of an injury. At the end of the season, it was announced that <mask>'s contract wouldn't be renewed and he would be leaving the club. On June 25, 2021, <mask> agreed to join recently demoted National League side Southend United on a one-year deal with the option for a second year. He was raised in nearby Tadworth and was born in Epsom.He attended Merland Rise Primary School and The Beacon School. There are career statistics for the League Two play-offs. The website was launched in 1989 and features people from the area. The players are F.C. The players are from Barnet F.C. There are players from Dagenham and Redbridge F.C. The players are from Shrewsbury Town F.C.The players are from City F.C. The players are from Bristol Rovers F.C. The players are from Southend United F.C. Black British sports people and English people of Ghanaian descent are players in the English Football League.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zach%20Bonner

Zach Bonner

Zachary "Zach" L. Bonner (born November 17, 1997) is an American philanthropist and founder of the non-profit charity Little Red Wagon Foundation. Bonner received the Presidential Service Award in 2006. When he was seven years old, he founded the organization to aid the 1.3 million homeless children in the United States. Bonner said that, "These kids don't have a home, they don't have a safe place to sleep at night. They're out on the streets not because they want to be, but because it's out of their control." In 2007, Bonner began his three-stage "My House to the White House" project. The project's purpose was to raise money and awareness for homeless children. In 2007, he walked 280 miles from Tampa to Tallahassee, Florida, while in 2008, he covered 250 miles from Tallahassee to Atlanta, Georgia. In the final leg of the trip, he walked 668 miles from Georgia to Washington D.C. Upon the completion of the "My House to the White House" project, Bonner planned another project, March Across America. From March 23 to September 14, 2010, he walked 2,448 miles from Tampa to Los Angeles. Starring Chandler Canterbury as Bonner, Little Red Wagon, a docudrama about Bonner's philanthropic work, was filmed in 2010 and released in 2012. Philanthropy Bonner has done a variety of volunteer work since he was six years old. In 2004, when Hurricane Charley hit neighborhoods, he collected 27 pickup trucks of water in his little red wagon. He established the Little Red Wagon Foundation to "continue helping kids more efficiently". Bonner teamed up with the StandUp For Kids and collected 400 backpacks of supplies, nicknamed "Zachpacks", for homeless children. The Zachpacks were filled with donated snacks, toys, and toiletries. To date he has distributed over 10,000 of the Zachpacks. Bonner organized Christmas parties for homeless children living in Baker, Louisiana, and he gave Christmas presents to Hurricane Katrina victims. To mitigate the adverse effects of homelessness, Bonner hosted parties for children who live in shelters at Build-A-Bear Workshop, Chuck E. Cheese's, and Six Flags. In April 2007, he organized 24 Hours, an event that simulated being homeless for 24 hours. During that period of time, students in high school stayed in their own separate boxes for 24 hours. 24 Hours 2015 was the seventh year of the event in which youths 12 to 21 years old each paid $24 to live in cardboard boxes for an hour to simulate being homeless. In January 2010, he launched a national campaign to end child homelessness. As keynote speaker at The Children's Philanthropy Center Annual Youth Symposium in Northern Virginia, he inspired young activists to use their voice to create change. The message, "You Matter! Let Your Voice Be Heard" became the signature anthem for their youth advocacy movement. My House to the White House Zach Bonner's "My House to the White House" project took place in three stages covering 1,225 miles to raise awareness and funds for homeless children. The first leg in 2007 from November 3–26 covered 280 miles from Tampa to Tallahassee, Florida and raised $25,000. The second leg in the fall of 2008 covered over 250 miles from Tallahassee to Atlanta, Georgia. The third leg of the trip began May 11, 2009. The 668-mile, 59-day walk from Georgia to Washington D.C. was completed on July 10. On the final stretch of the walk, 500 people, among them 300 homeless children, walked with Bonner down the National Mall. Bonner met with Saxby Chambliss and spoke with several other U.S. Senators on Capitol Hill. He slept at the Sasha Bruce emergency shelter. March Across America In 2010, he walked from Tampa to Los Angeles. Calling the trip "March Across America", he began the 2,478-mile walk on March 23, 2010. Bonner walked an average of 17–22 miles every day. During his walk, he gave gift cards to people in need. Multiple television and radio stations tracked for their viewers Bonner's journey across America using the "Zach Tracker" GPS. Lee Cowan of NBC Nightly News "Making A Difference" profiled Bonner in early August; Cowan called Bonner a "pint-sized philanthropist". On the show, Bonner said that "When you're having a bad day you (have) to realize that someone else is having a lot worse of a day than you." Bonner planned to complete the walk by September, after 178 days of walking. On September 14, 2010, Bonner completed the nearly 2,500-mile-walk to Santa Monica, California. At the age of 12, he became the youngest person to walk from the East Coast of the United States to the West Coast of the United States. Zach In A Box Beginning March 26, 2013, Bonner lived seven days in a plexiglas box in a field near Westfield Brandon mall. With plywood serving as the box's bottom, pieces of cardboard, and a sleeping bag, Bonner aimed to imitate a homeless person's lodgings. Naming his fundraising effort "Zach In A Box", he encouraged people to donate non-perishable food. He wanted to coat all four walls of his box with donated canned food items. After seven days of donations from children and adults as well as a $1,000 donation from Sweetbay Supermarket, Bonner gave over 6,000 cans of food to Metropolitan Ministries and Francis House. Food for a Million From noon November 7, 2014, to noon November 8, 2014, at the Metropolitan Ministries' holiday tent in Tampa, Bonner hoped to set a Guinness World Record for amassing the most canned food items in 24 hours. He organized "World's Largest Food Drive: Food for a Million" with Metropolitan Ministries and Feeding America Tampa Bay, an attempt to collect one million pounds of food in 24 hours. Walmart, Winn-Dixie, Performance Food Group, and Publix promised to contribute food to the effort. The previous world record holder was a North Carolina school that collected 559,885 pounds of food in 2011. Bonner's "Food for a Million" drive collected 566,600 pounds. The collected food was delivered to 10 counties: Hillsborough, Pinellas, Pasco, Polk, Hernando, Citrus, Sumter, Highlands, Hardee, and Manatee. Awards and recognition In 2006, Zach has received the Presidential Service Award from President George W. Bush. In the same year, he was honored with the Points of Light Award by Florida governor Jeb Bush for his volunteer service. Bonner has met George W. Bush and Bill Clinton. He has been featured on Good Morning America and in 2011 was named a hometown hero by Reader's Digest. In 2007, Bonner was named one of 12 "Huggable Heroes" by the Build-A-Bear Workshop. On March 19, 2008, he received the Alexandra Scott Butterfly Award from the Volvo for life Awards, hosted by Volvo on 42nd Street. In 2009, the readers and editors of Beliefnet chose Bonner as the Most Inspiring Person of the Year. Receiving 22% of the vote, Bonner defeated the "hero pilot" Chesley Sullenberger and students in Iran who protested against a rigged election despite considerable jeopardy to their lives. Elton John donated $25,000 to Bonner's cause after Bonner completed the 1,200-mile-walk from Tampa, Florida, to Washington, D.C. Philanthropy Project movie Michael Guillen, the CEO of the non-profit organization Philanthropy Project, planned to make a $5 million movie about the Zach Bonner's walks and the Little Red Wagon Foundation. Bonner's story was selected from among a pool of 6,000 candidates. After the number of candidates was narrowed to 12, Bonner's story was unanimously chosen. Praising Bonner for his philanthropy, Guillen said that "[h]e's sincere. He's humble. He's generous. He's everything that is good about our country. So... when I see Zach, I see the future of our country, and I think we're going to be in good hands." Patrick Sheane Duncan is the movie's screenwriter, and David Anspaugh is its director. The John Templeton Foundation funded the film which was produced by Michael Guillen of Philanthropy Project, Barbara Kelly, and Steve Golin and David Kanter of Anonymous Content. Little Red Wagon was filmed in May 2010. Personal life Zach L. Bonner was born in Searcy, Arkansas on November 17, 1997. He lives in a single-parent household after losing his father in a motorcycle accident and now resides in Valrico, Tampa, Florida with his mother Laurie and sister Kelley. Bonner's mother is a real estate agent and investor. His sister is about 10 years older than he is. Bonner took classes on the Internet through the K12 Florida Virtual Instruction Program. The online program allowed him to keep up in his studies by working outside of the typical school day. In his free time in 2007, Bonner played little league baseball. He also played tennis and went on bike rides with his friends. When he was three years old, Bonner joined Taekwondo's junior program and after years of study, he subsequently earned a black belt. In a November 2007 interview with The Independent Florida Alligator, he said he wished to go to college at Harvard University and attend Yale Law School, so that he can become a prosecutor. In a January 2013 interview with Canada.com, he confirmed that he still wanted to become a lawyer, noting that he was unsure about whether he wanted to be a prosecutor or specialize in family law. That same month, he told The Christian Post that he wanted to study law to "be able to tie in the [Little Red Wagon] Foundation and continue to help more people". A February 2017 article in the Tampa Bay Times noted that Bonner attended the Brandon campus of Hillsborough Community College during high school, and presently works at Apple Inc. After high school, he attended the University of Florida where he studied Computer Science and Software Engineering. References External links Official website for Little Red Wagon Foundation (2017 archive of the website from Internet Archive) Living people 1997 births American child activists American philanthropists People from Valrico, Florida

<mask> "<mask>" L<mask> (born November 17, 1997) is an American philanthropist and founder of the non-profit charity Little Red Wagon Foundation. Bonner received the Presidential Service Award in 2006. When he was seven years old, he founded the organization to aid the 1.3 million homeless children in the United States. Bonner said that, "These kids don't have a home, they don't have a safe place to sleep at night. They're out on the streets not because they want to be, but because it's out of their control." In 2007, <mask> began his three-stage "My House to the White House" project. The project's purpose was to raise money and awareness for homeless children.In 2007, he walked 280 miles from Tampa to Tallahassee, Florida, while in 2008, he covered 250 miles from Tallahassee to Atlanta, Georgia. In the final leg of the trip, he walked 668 miles from Georgia to Washington D.C. Upon the completion of the "My House to the White House" project, Bonner planned another project, March Across America. From March 23 to September 14, 2010, he walked 2,448 miles from Tampa to Los Angeles. Starring Chandler Canterbury as Bonner, Little Red Wagon, a docudrama about Bonner's philanthropic work, was filmed in 2010 and released in 2012. Philanthropy Bonner has done a variety of volunteer work since he was six years old. In 2004, when Hurricane Charley hit neighborhoods, he collected 27 pickup trucks of water in his little red wagon.He established the Little Red Wagon Foundation to "continue helping kids more efficiently". Bonner teamed up with the StandUp For Kids and collected 400 backpacks of supplies, nicknamed "Zachpacks", for homeless children. The Zachpacks were filled with donated snacks, toys, and toiletries. To date he has distributed over 10,000 of the Zachpacks. Bonner organized Christmas parties for homeless children living in Baker, Louisiana, and he gave Christmas presents to Hurricane Katrina victims. To mitigate the adverse effects of homelessness, Bonner hosted parties for children who live in shelters at Build-A-Bear Workshop, Chuck E. Cheese's, and Six Flags. In April 2007, he organized 24 Hours, an event that simulated being homeless for 24 hours.During that period of time, students in high school stayed in their own separate boxes for 24 hours. 24 Hours 2015 was the seventh year of the event in which youths 12 to 21 years old each paid $24 to live in cardboard boxes for an hour to simulate being homeless. In January 2010, he launched a national campaign to end child homelessness. As keynote speaker at The Children's Philanthropy Center Annual Youth Symposium in Northern Virginia, he inspired young activists to use their voice to create change. The message, "You Matter! Let Your Voice Be Heard" became the signature anthem for their youth advocacy movement. My House to the White House <mask>'s "My House to the White House" project took place in three stages covering 1,225 miles to raise awareness and funds for homeless children.The first leg in 2007 from November 3–26 covered 280 miles from Tampa to Tallahassee, Florida and raised $25,000. The second leg in the fall of 2008 covered over 250 miles from Tallahassee to Atlanta, Georgia. The third leg of the trip began May 11, 2009. The 668-mile, 59-day walk from Georgia to Washington D.C. was completed on July 10. On the final stretch of the walk, 500 people, among them 300 homeless children, walked with Bonner down the National Mall. Bonner met with Saxby Chambliss and spoke with several other U.S. Senators on Capitol Hill.He slept at the Sasha Bruce emergency shelter. March Across America In 2010, he walked from Tampa to Los Angeles. Calling the trip "March Across America", he began the 2,478-mile walk on March 23, 2010. Bonner walked an average of 17–22 miles every day. During his walk, he gave gift cards to people in need. Multiple television and radio stations tracked for their viewers Bonner's journey across America using the "Zach Tracker" GPS. Lee Cowan of NBC Nightly News "Making A Difference" profiled Bonner in early August; Cowan called Bonner a "pint-sized philanthropist".On the show, Bonner said that "When you're having a bad day you (have) to realize that someone else is having a lot worse of a day than you." Bonner planned to complete the walk by September, after 178 days of walking. On September 14, 2010, Bonner completed the nearly 2,500-mile-walk to Santa Monica, California. At the age of 12, he became the youngest person to walk from the East Coast of the United States to the West Coast of the United States. <mask> In A Box Beginning March 26, 2013, Bonner lived seven days in a plexiglas box in a field near Westfield Brandon mall. With plywood serving as the box's bottom, pieces of cardboard, and a sleeping bag, Bonner aimed to imitate a homeless person's lodgings. Naming his fundraising effort "Zach In A Box", he encouraged people to donate non-perishable food.He wanted to coat all four walls of his box with donated canned food items. After seven days of donations from children and adults as well as a $1,000 donation from Sweetbay Supermarket, Bonner gave over 6,000 cans of food to Metropolitan Ministries and Francis House. Food for a Million From noon November 7, 2014, to noon November 8, 2014, at the Metropolitan Ministries' holiday tent in Tampa, Bonner hoped to set a Guinness World Record for amassing the most canned food items in 24 hours. He organized "World's Largest Food Drive: Food for a Million" with Metropolitan Ministries and Feeding America Tampa Bay, an attempt to collect one million pounds of food in 24 hours. Walmart, Winn-Dixie, Performance Food Group, and Publix promised to contribute food to the effort. The previous world record holder was a North Carolina school that collected 559,885 pounds of food in 2011. Bonner's "Food for a Million" drive collected 566,600 pounds.The collected food was delivered to 10 counties: Hillsborough, Pinellas, Pasco, Polk, Hernando, Citrus, Sumter, Highlands, Hardee, and Manatee. Awards and recognition In 2006, <mask> has received the Presidential Service Award from President George W. Bush. In the same year, he was honored with the Points of Light Award by Florida governor Jeb Bush for his volunteer service. Bonner has met George W. Bush and Bill Clinton. He has been featured on Good Morning America and in 2011 was named a hometown hero by Reader's Digest. In 2007, Bonner was named one of 12 "Huggable Heroes" by the Build-A-Bear Workshop. On March 19, 2008, he received the Alexandra Scott Butterfly Award from the Volvo for life Awards, hosted by Volvo on 42nd Street.In 2009, the readers and editors of Beliefnet chose <mask> as the Most Inspiring Person of the Year. Receiving 22% of the vote, Bonner defeated the "hero pilot" Chesley Sullenberger and students in Iran who protested against a rigged election despite considerable jeopardy to their lives. Elton John donated $25,000 to Bonner's cause after Bonner completed the 1,200-mile-walk from Tampa, Florida, to Washington, D.C. Philanthropy Project movie Michael Guillen, the CEO of the non-profit organization Philanthropy Project, planned to make a $5 million movie about the <mask>'s walks and the Little Red Wagon Foundation. <mask>'s story was selected from among a pool of 6,000 candidates. After the number of candidates was narrowed to 12, <mask>'s story was unanimously chosen. Praising <mask> for his philanthropy, Guillen said that "[h]e's sincere. He's humble.He's generous. He's everything that is good about our country. So... when I see <mask>, I see the future of our country, and I think we're going to be in good hands." Patrick Sheane Duncan is the movie's screenwriter, and David Anspaugh is its director. The John Templeton Foundation funded the film which was produced by Michael Guillen of Philanthropy Project, Barbara Kelly, and Steve Golin and David Kanter of Anonymous Content. Little Red Wagon was filmed in May 2010. Personal life <mask><mask> was born in Searcy, Arkansas on November 17, 1997.He lives in a single-parent household after losing his father in a motorcycle accident and now resides in Valrico, Tampa, Florida with his mother Laurie and sister Kelley. Bonner's mother is a real estate agent and investor. His sister is about 10 years older than he is. Bonner took classes on the Internet through the K12 Florida Virtual Instruction Program. The online program allowed him to keep up in his studies by working outside of the typical school day. In his free time in 2007, Bonner played little league baseball. He also played tennis and went on bike rides with his friends.When he was three years old, Bonner joined Taekwondo's junior program and after years of study, he subsequently earned a black belt. In a November 2007 interview with The Independent Florida Alligator, he said he wished to go to college at Harvard University and attend Yale Law School, so that he can become a prosecutor. In a January 2013 interview with Canada.com, he confirmed that he still wanted to become a lawyer, noting that he was unsure about whether he wanted to be a prosecutor or specialize in family law. That same month, he told The Christian Post that he wanted to study law to "be able to tie in the [Little Red Wagon] Foundation and continue to help more people". A February 2017 article in the Tampa Bay Times noted that Bonner attended the Brandon campus of Hillsborough Community College during high school, and presently works at Apple Inc. After high school, he attended the University of Florida where he studied Computer Science and Software Engineering. References External links Official website for Little Red Wagon Foundation (2017 archive of the website from Internet Archive) Living people 1997 births American child activists American philanthropists People from Valrico, Florida

The founder of the non-profit charity Little Red Wagon Foundation was born in 1997. The Presidential Service Award was given to Bonner. He founded the organization when he was seven years old to help homeless children. "These kids don't have a home, they don't have a safe place to sleep at night." They're out on the streets because it's out of their control. "My House to the White House" began in 2007. The purpose of the project was to raise money for homeless children.He walked from Florida to Georgia in 2007, and from Florida to Georgia in 2008. He walked 668 miles from Georgia to Washington D.C. March Across America was planned after the completion of the "My House to the White House" project. From March 23 to September 14, 2010, he walked 2,448 miles. Little Red Wagon, a docudrama about Bonner's philanthropic work, was filmed in 2010 and released in 2012. Since he was six years old, Philanthropy has done a lot of volunteer work. He had 27 pickup trucks of water in his little red wagon.The Little Red Wagon Foundation was established by him. 400 backpacks of supplies were collected by the StandUp For Kids and given to homeless children. The packs were filled with donated items. He has distributed over 10,000 of the packs. There were Christmas parties for homeless children in Baker, Louisiana, and he gave Christmas presents to the victims of hurricanes. Children who live in shelters were invited to parties at Six Flags, Chuck E. Cheese's, and Build-A-Bear Workshop. In April 2007, he organized 24 Hours, a simulation of being homeless.Students in high school stayed in their own boxes for 24 hours. Each year, youths between the ages of 12 and 21 pay $24 to live in cardboard boxes for an hour in a simulation of being homeless. He launched a campaign to end child homelessness. At The Children's Philanthropy Center Annual Youth Symposium in Northern Virginia, he inspired young activists to use their voice to create change. "You Matter!" was the message. "Let Your Voice Be Heard" was the anthem for the youth advocacy movement. The "My House to the White House" project took place in three stages, covering 1,225 miles to raise awareness and funds for homeless children.The first leg from November 3–26 raised $25,000. In the fall of 2008, the second leg went from Tallahassee to Atlanta, Georgia. May 11, 2009, was when the third leg of the trip began. The walk from Georgia to Washington D.C. was completed on July 10. 500 people, among them 300 homeless children, walked with <mask> down the National Mall on the final stretch of the walk. The two met with several other people. The senators are on Capitol Hill.He slept at the shelter. He walked across America in 2010. He began the 2,478-mile walk called "March Across America" on March 23, 2010. Every day, he walked an average of 17 miles. He gave gift cards to people in need. A number of television and radio stations tracked Bonner's journey across America using a gps device. In early August, Lee Cowan of NBC Nightly News profiled Bonner, calling him a "pint-sized philanthropist".When you're having a bad day, you have to realize that someone else is having a worse day than you. After 178 days of walking, Bonner planned to complete the walk by September. On September 14, 2010, Bonner walked to Santa Monica, California. He was the youngest person to walk from the East Coast to the West Coast of the United States. A man lived in a box for seven days in a field near a mall. With plywood serving as the box's bottom, pieces of cardboard, and a sleeping bag, Bonner aimed to imitate a homeless person's lodgings. He encouraged people to donate non-perishable food.He wanted to put canned food items in his box. Over 6,000 cans of food were given to Metropolitan Ministries and Francis House after seven days of donations from children and adults. The Guinness World Record for amassing the most canned food items in 24 hours was to be set by Bonner. He organized an attempt to collect one million pounds of food in 24 hours. Performance Food Group and Walmart promised to give food to the effort. The previous world record was held by a North Carolina school. The "food for a million" drive collected 566,600 pounds.The food was delivered to 10 counties. The Presidential Service Award was given to him by President George W. Bush. He received the Points of Light Award for his volunteer service. George W. Bush and Bill Clinton have met. He was named a hometown hero by Reader's Digest in 2011. The "Huggable Heroes" were named by the Build-A-Bear Workshop. He received an award from the Volvo for life Awards on March 19, 2008.The most inspiring person of the year was chosen by the readers and editors of Beliefnet. The "hero pilot" and students in Iran who protested against a rigged election were defeated by 22% of the vote. Michael Guillen, the CEO of the non-profit organization Philanthropy Project, planned to make a $5 million movie about the man who walked 1,200 miles from Florida to Washington, D.C. The story was selected from a pool of 6,000. The story was unanimously chosen after the number of candidates was narrowed. Guillen praised Bonner for his philanthropy. He's not arrogant.He's generous. He's everything that's good about our country. I think the future of our country is going to be in good hands when I see him. David Anspaugh is the director of the movie. The film was funded by the John Templeton Foundation and was produced by Michael Guillen, Barbara Kelly, and Steve Golin. In May 2010, Little Red Wagon was filmed. On November 17, 1997 he was born in Searcy, Arkansas.He lives with his mother and sister in Valrico, Florida after losing his father in a motorcycle accident. Her mother is a real estate agent. His sister is older than him. The K12 Florida Virtual Instruction Program allowed Bonner to take classes on the internet. He was able to keep up with his studies thanks to the online program. In 2007, he played little league baseball. He went on bike rides with his friends.After years of study, he earned a black belt after joining Taekwondo's junior program at three years old. He told The Independent Florida Alligator that he wanted to attend Yale Law School to become a prosecutor. He told Canada.com in January of 2013 that he still wanted to become a lawyer, even though he wasn't sure if he wanted to be a prosecutor or a family lawyer. He told The Christian Post that he wanted to study law to be able to help more people. He studied computer science and software engineering at the University of Florida after graduating from high school. There are external links to the Little Red Wagon Foundation website.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas%20Kiefer

Nicolas Kiefer

Nicolas Kiefer (; born 5 July 1977) is a former German professional tennis player. He reached the semifinal of the 2006 Australian Open and won a silver medal in men's doubles with partner Rainer Schüttler at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. Kiefer's career-high singles ranking was world No. 4, achieved in January 2000. Tennis career 1995–2005 Kiefer was taken notice of as an outstanding junior. He won the Junior Australian Open, the US Open, and was a finalist and semifinalist at Wimbledon and the French Open finishing as the No. 2 junior behind Mariano Zabaleta when he was 18 in 1995. On 10 January 2000, he reached his second quarterfinal at the Australian Open and afterwards was ranked world No. 4, his highest position. Kiefer was known to have some tennis superstitions. He was sometimes seen tapping his racquet on the corners of the court after a point, and, when serving, frequently asked for the ball with which he had just won a point to re-use it for the next one. 2006–2007 Kiefer became infamous for an incident on 25 January 2006, during the quarterfinals of the Australian Open. While facing Sébastien Grosjean late in the fifth set of a marathon match, Kiefer threw his racquet midpoint. Grosjean lost the point, hitting the ball into the net. Grosjean protested that the racquet distracted his shot. The umpire Carlos Bernardes said he did not believe the act was intentional and noted Grosjean had already hit the ball before the flying racquet could have had any effect on his shot. Grosjean eventually lost the fifth and final set to Kiefer. Kiefer went through to the semi-finals where he was defeated by the 2004 champion Roger Federer. Kiefer injured his wrist while playing at the 2006 French Open, and announced his return on 5 July 2007, having fallen to the 404th position on ATP. He announced that he was "tired of waiting and anxious to start traveling again and to see his name on scoreboards". Kiefer returned at the 2007 Gerry Weber Open, losing in the first round to eventual champion Tomáš Berdych. At Wimbledon, he made the third round after defeating No.30 seed Filippo Volandri and Fabrice Santoro, both in straight sets, before losing in 4 sets (3 of which were tiebreakers) to Novak Djoković. At Newport, however, he ended up losing in round 1. At Los Angeles, he reached the semifinals in only his 4th tournament since coming back from injury; he had to default against Radek Štěpánek, another player coming back from injury, because of an injury sustained during his quarter-final win. He also made an impressive showing at the 2007 Madrid Masters, where he beat number five seed Fernando González in the quarterfinals before losing in the semifinals to world number one Roger Federer 6–4, 6–4. 2008 His 2008 season did not start out well: he lost in the first round of the Australian Open to former world No.1 Juan Carlos Ferrero, first round of 2008 Indian Wells Masters to Dudi Sela, third round of 2008 Miami Masters to world No.2 Rafael Nadal, second round of 2008 Monte Carlo Masters to Philipp Kohlschreiber, first round of 2008 Rome Masters to Ferrero. His first notable result was the quarterfinals of the 2008 Hamburg Masters with victories over world No.10 Stanislas Wawrinka and world No.4 Nikolay Davydenko before losing to Andreas Seppi in three sets. He would lose in the third round of 2008 Wimbledon Championships to Nadal. During the 2008 Canada Masters, at age 31 and ranked No. 37, he made his first Masters final after 73 previous tries, previously finishing as a semifinalist at the 1999 and 2004 Canada Masters (lost to Thomas Johansson and Andy Roddick respectively) and 2007 Madrid Masters (lost to Federer). Along the way, he defeated Mardy Fish, 15th seed Mikhail Youzhny, fourth seed Nikolay Davydenko, seventh seed James Blake, and Gilles Simon; the win over Simon was especially notable because Simon had defeated world No. 1 Roger Federer in the second round. He lost to Nadal in the final in straight sets. Because of his run, he broke back into the top 20 at No. 19. 2009 In 2009, he represented Germany in the 2009 Hopman Cup with 19-year-old Sabine Lisicki. In the first match, he lost against Australia's Lleyton Hewitt, who had been six months inactive due to an injury. In the second singles match, Kiefer lost again, this time to USA's James Blake. Nevertheless, Kiefer won both of the doubles matches with Sabine Lisicki against both Australia and the United States. In the third singles match, Kiefer twisted his ankle against Slovakia's Dominik Hrbatý in the first set when Kiefer was up 3–1 and serving. This injury prevented him from participating in the 2009 Australian Open. He re-appeared in the 2009 Davis Cup match against Austria in which he won in the doubles match with Philipp Kohlschreiber against Julian Knowle and Alexander Peya in four sets. Kiefer also played a singles match, the fourth match, against Jürgen Melzer in which Kiefer won in straight sets and gave Germany the victory against Austria. Kiefer then participated in the 2009 BNP Paribas Open at Indian Wells in which he beat Bobby Reynolds in straight sets in the second round, but he then lost in the third round to Andy Roddick. In the 2009 Sony Ericsson Open in Miami, Kiefer beat "the magician" Fabrice Santoro in the second round. In the third round Kiefer was defeated by world No. 2 Roger Federer. At the 2009 Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters, Kiefer lost in his first match against qualifier Andreas Beck. At the 2009 Internazionali BNL d'Italia in Rome, Kiefer lost again in his first match against Juan Mónaco in straight sets. In the 2009 BMW Open Kiefer was down against Ernests Gulbis 2–6, 0–2 but eventually won in three sets. Kiefer said after the match, "Clay and me, we will never be the best of friends". Kiefer suffered from back problems which eventually made him lose against Jérémy Chardy in the next round. At the 2009 Mutua Madrileña Madrid Open he lost against Tommy Robredo. Kiefer then played the 2009 ARAG World Team Cup, in which he played the doubles matches with Mischa Zverev. They won all of their matches, and Germany reached the final, but lost against Serbia. Despite Germany losing, Kiefer won the doubles match in the final against Viktor Troicki and doubles world No. 1 Nenad Zimonjić. Kiefer then participated at the 2009 French Open in which he beat qualifier Ilija Bozoljac in four sets. However, Kiefer lost in the second round against world No. 14 David Ferrer in five sets. Despite this loss, Kiefer claimed that he was proud that he had played up to a fifth set against one of the best tennis players of the world on clay, since clay is Kiefer's least favourite surface. The clay season had now ended, and the grass season started with Kiefer's participation in his favourite tournament, the 2009 Gerry Weber Open. In the first match, he thrashed Viktor Troicki, but retired in the second round against Jürgen Melzer when he was down 1–6 with a muscular strain in his abdomen which forced him to retire from singles and doubles, where he had reached the semifinals with Mischa Zverev. Kiefer participated in the Wimbledon as the 33rd seed but having not fully recovered from his abdomen injury. This was reflected in his match against Fabrice Santoro, where Kiefer lost in straight sets. Kiefer then played for Germany in the 2009 Davis Cup quarterfinals against Spain. He did so in the doubles match with Mischa Zverev against Spain's Fernando Verdasco and Feliciano López. Kiefer and Zverev lost the match. In the first round of the U.S Open, he beat Michaël Llodra in straight sets, but in the second round he lost to world No. 3 Rafael Nadal. Major finals Olympic finals Doubles: 1 (1 silver medal) Masters Series finals Singles: 1 (1 runner-up) Career finals Singles: 19 (6 titles, 13 runner-ups) Doubles (3 titles, 1 runner-up) Performance timeline Singles Top 10 wins Record against No. 1 players Kiefer's match record against players who have been ranked world No. 1. References External links Kiefer world ranking history Official web site 1977 births Living people People from Holzminden Australian Open (tennis) junior champions German male tennis players Hopman Cup competitors Olympic medalists in tennis Olympic silver medalists for Germany Olympic tennis players of Germany People from Holzminden (district) Tennis players at the 2000 Summer Olympics Tennis players at the 2004 Summer Olympics Tennis players at the 2008 Summer Olympics US Open (tennis) junior champions Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics Grand Slam (tennis) champions in boys' singles Tennis people from Lower Saxony

<mask> (; born 5 July 1977) is a former German professional tennis player. He reached the semifinal of the 2006 Australian Open and won a silver medal in men's doubles with partner Rainer Schüttler at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. Kiefer's career-high singles ranking was world No. 4, achieved in January 2000. Tennis career 1995–2005 Kiefer was taken notice of as an outstanding junior. He won the Junior Australian Open, the US Open, and was a finalist and semifinalist at Wimbledon and the French Open finishing as the No. 2 junior behind Mariano Zabaleta when he was 18 in 1995.On 10 January 2000, he reached his second quarterfinal at the Australian Open and afterwards was ranked world No. 4, his highest position. Kiefer was known to have some tennis superstitions. He was sometimes seen tapping his racquet on the corners of the court after a point, and, when serving, frequently asked for the ball with which he had just won a point to re-use it for the next one. 2006–2007 Kiefer became infamous for an incident on 25 January 2006, during the quarterfinals of the Australian Open. While facing Sébastien Grosjean late in the fifth set of a marathon match, Kiefer threw his racquet midpoint. Grosjean lost the point, hitting the ball into the net.Grosjean protested that the racquet distracted his shot. The umpire Carlos Bernardes said he did not believe the act was intentional and noted Grosjean had already hit the ball before the flying racquet could have had any effect on his shot. Grosjean eventually lost the fifth and final set to Kiefer. Kiefer went through to the semi-finals where he was defeated by the 2004 champion Roger Federer. Kiefer injured his wrist while playing at the 2006 French Open, and announced his return on 5 July 2007, having fallen to the 404th position on ATP. He announced that he was "tired of waiting and anxious to start traveling again and to see his name on scoreboards". Kiefer returned at the 2007 Gerry Weber Open, losing in the first round to eventual champion Tomáš Berdych.At Wimbledon, he made the third round after defeating No.30 seed Filippo Volandri and Fabrice Santoro, both in straight sets, before losing in 4 sets (3 of which were tiebreakers) to Novak Djoković. At Newport, however, he ended up losing in round 1. At Los Angeles, he reached the semifinals in only his 4th tournament since coming back from injury; he had to default against Radek Štěpánek, another player coming back from injury, because of an injury sustained during his quarter-final win. He also made an impressive showing at the 2007 Madrid Masters, where he beat number five seed Fernando González in the quarterfinals before losing in the semifinals to world number one Roger Federer 6–4, 6–4. 2008 His 2008 season did not start out well: he lost in the first round of the Australian Open to former world No.1 Juan Carlos Ferrero, first round of 2008 Indian Wells Masters to Dudi Sela, third round of 2008 Miami Masters to world No.2 Rafael Nadal, second round of 2008 Monte Carlo Masters to Philipp Kohlschreiber, first round of 2008 Rome Masters to Ferrero. His first notable result was the quarterfinals of the 2008 Hamburg Masters with victories over world No.10 Stanislas Wawrinka and world No.4 Nikolay Davydenko before losing to Andreas Seppi in three sets. He would lose in the third round of 2008 Wimbledon Championships to Nadal.During the 2008 Canada Masters, at age 31 and ranked No. 37, he made his first Masters final after 73 previous tries, previously finishing as a semifinalist at the 1999 and 2004 Canada Masters (lost to Thomas Johansson and Andy Roddick respectively) and 2007 Madrid Masters (lost to Federer). Along the way, he defeated Mardy Fish, 15th seed Mikhail Youzhny, fourth seed Nikolay Davydenko, seventh seed James Blake, and Gilles Simon; the win over Simon was especially notable because Simon had defeated world No. 1 Roger Federer in the second round. He lost to Nadal in the final in straight sets. Because of his run, he broke back into the top 20 at No. 19.2009 In 2009, he represented Germany in the 2009 Hopman Cup with 19-year-old Sabine Lisicki. In the first match, he lost against Australia's Lleyton Hewitt, who had been six months inactive due to an injury. In the second singles match, Kiefer lost again, this time to USA's James Blake. Nevertheless, Kiefer won both of the doubles matches with Sabine Lisicki against both Australia and the United States. In the third singles match, Kiefer twisted his ankle against Slovakia's Dominik Hrbatý in the first set when Kiefer was up 3–1 and serving. This injury prevented him from participating in the 2009 Australian Open. He re-appeared in the 2009 Davis Cup match against Austria in which he won in the doubles match with Philipp Kohlschreiber against Julian Knowle and Alexander Peya in four sets.Kiefer also played a singles match, the fourth match, against Jürgen Melzer in which Kiefer won in straight sets and gave Germany the victory against Austria. <mask> then participated in the 2009 BNP Paribas Open at Indian Wells in which he beat Bobby Reynolds in straight sets in the second round, but he then lost in the third round to Andy Roddick. In the 2009 Sony Ericsson Open in Miami, Kiefer beat "the magician" Fabrice Santoro in the second round. In the third round Kiefer was defeated by world No. 2 Roger Federer. At the 2009 Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters, Kiefer lost in his first match against qualifier Andreas Beck. At the 2009 Internazionali BNL d'Italia in Rome, Kiefer lost again in his first match against Juan Mónaco in straight sets.In the 2009 BMW Open Kiefer was down against Ernests Gulbis 2–6, 0–2 but eventually won in three sets. Kiefer said after the match, "Clay and me, we will never be the best of friends". Kiefer suffered from back problems which eventually made him lose against Jérémy Chardy in the next round. At the 2009 Mutua Madrileña Madrid Open he lost against Tommy Robredo. Kiefer then played the 2009 ARAG World Team Cup, in which he played the doubles matches with Mischa Zverev. They won all of their matches, and Germany reached the final, but lost against Serbia. Despite Germany losing, Kiefer won the doubles match in the final against Viktor Troicki and doubles world No.1 Nenad Zimonjić. Kiefer then participated at the 2009 French Open in which he beat qualifier Ilija Bozoljac in four sets. However, Kiefer lost in the second round against world No. 14 David Ferrer in five sets. Despite this loss, Kiefer claimed that he was proud that he had played up to a fifth set against one of the best tennis players of the world on clay, since clay is Kiefer's least favourite surface. The clay season had now ended, and the grass season started with Kiefer's participation in his favourite tournament, the 2009 Gerry Weber Open. In the first match, he thrashed Viktor Troicki, but retired in the second round against Jürgen Melzer when he was down 1–6 with a muscular strain in his abdomen which forced him to retire from singles and doubles, where he had reached the semifinals with Mischa Zverev.Kiefer participated in the Wimbledon as the 33rd seed but having not fully recovered from his abdomen injury. This was reflected in his match against Fabrice Santoro, where Kiefer lost in straight sets. <mask> then played for Germany in the 2009 Davis Cup quarterfinals against Spain. He did so in the doubles match with Mischa Zverev against Spain's Fernando Verdasco and Feliciano López. <mask> and Zverev lost the match. In the first round of the U.S Open, he beat Michaël Llodra in straight sets, but in the second round he lost to world No. 3 Rafael Nadal.Major finals Olympic finals Doubles: 1 (1 silver medal) Masters Series finals Singles: 1 (1 runner-up) Career finals Singles: 19 (6 titles, 13 runner-ups) Doubles (3 titles, 1 runner-up) Performance timeline Singles Top 10 wins Record against No. 1 players Kiefer's match record against players who have been ranked world No. 1. References External links Kiefer world ranking history Official web site 1977 births Living people People from Holzminden Australian Open (tennis) junior champions German male tennis players Hopman Cup competitors Olympic medalists in tennis Olympic silver medalists for Germany Olympic tennis players of Germany People from Holzminden (district) Tennis players at the 2000 Summer Olympics Tennis players at the 2004 Summer Olympics Tennis players at the 2008 Summer Olympics US Open (tennis) junior champions Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics Grand Slam (tennis) champions in boys' singles Tennis people from Lower Saxony

<mask> is a former professional tennis player. He won a silver medal in men's doubles with his partner at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, after reaching the semifinals of the 2006 Australian Open. He had a career-high singles ranking. In January 2000 4, was achieved. Kiefer was noticed as an outstanding junior during his tennis career. He won the Junior Australian Open, the US Open, and was a semifinalist at Wimbledon and the French Open. When he was 18 he was a junior.He reached his second quarterfinals at the Australian Open on January 10, 2000. His highest position was 4. He had some tennis superstitions. He tapped his racquet on the corners of the court after a point and often asked for the ball with which he had just won a point to re-use. The incident happened during the quarterfinals of the Australian Open. While facing Sébastien Grosjean late in the fifth set of a marathon match, <mask> threw his racquet. Grosjean hit the ball into the net.Grosjean said the racquet distracted him. The umpire Carlos Bernardes said he did not believe the act was intentional and noted that Grosjean had already hit the ball before the flying racquet could have had any effect on his shot. Grosjean lost the fifth and final set. He was defeated by Roger in the semi-finals. While playing at the 2006 French Open, Kiefer injured his wrist and fell to the 404th position on the rankings. He said that he was tired of waiting and was ready to start traveling again. Tom Berdych defeated Kiefer in the first round of the Gerry Weber Open.He made the third round at Wimbledon after defeating Filippo Volandri and Fabrice Santoro, but lost in 4 sets to Novak Djokovi. He lost in round 1 at Newport. At Los Angeles, he reached the semifinals in only his 4th tournament since coming back from injury, but he had to default against another player who was coming back from injury. At the Madrid Masters, he beat Fernando Gonzlez in the quarterfinals before losing to Roger Federer in the semifinals. He lost in the first round of the Australian Open to a former world No.1, the first round of the Indian Wells Masters to a former world No.2, and the second round of the Miami Masters to a former world No.2. His first notable result was a win over world No.10 Stanislas Wawrinka and a loss to Andreas Seppi in the quarterfinals of the 2008 Hamburg Masters. He lost to Nadal in the third round of the Wimbledon Championships.31 during the 2008 Canada Masters. He made his first Masters final after 73 previous tries, finishing as a semifinalist at the 1999 and 2004 Canada Masters and the 2007 Madrid Masters. Along the way, he defeated Mardy Fish, 15th seed Mikhail Youzhny, fourth seed Nikolay Davydenko, seventh seed James Blake, and Gilles Simon; the win over Simon was especially notable because Simon had defeated world No. Roger was in the second round. He lost to Nadal in the final. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 19He was a member of the Germany team in the Hopman Cup in 2009. He lost to Lleyton Hewitt, who had been out for six months due to an injury. The second singles match was won by USA's James Blake. Against Australia and the United States, <mask> won both of the doubles matches. In the third singles match, <mask> twisted his ankle in the first set when he was up3–1 and serving. He was unable to participate in the Australian Open because of the injury. In the Davis Cup match against Austria in 2009, he won the doubles match with Philipp Kohlschreiber against Alexander Peya and Julian Knowle in four sets.In the fourth match against Jrgen Melzer, Kiefer won in straight sets and gave Germany the victory against Austria. He beat Bobby Reynolds in the second round at Indian Wells, but then lost to Andy Roddick in the third round. "the magician" Fabrice Santoro was defeated by Kiefer in the second round of the Sony Ericsson Open. 2 in the world in the third round. 2 Roger. He lost his first match against Beck at the Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters. In his first match against Juan Mnaco, Kiefer lost in straight sets.In the BMW Open in 2009, Kiefer was down against Ernests Gulbis but eventually won in three sets. "Clay and I will never be the best of friends", said Kiefer after the match. He lost against Jérémy Chardy due to back problems. He lost to Tommy Robredo at the Madrid Open. The doubles matches of the ARAG World Team Cup were played by <mask> and Zverev. Germany lost to Serbia in the final, but won all of their matches. Despite Germany's loss, Kiefer won the doubles match against Troicki and the doubles world number.Nenad Zimonji. At the French Open in 2009, he beat Ilija Bozoljac in four sets. 1 in the second round. David was in five sets. Despite this loss, <mask> claimed that he was proud that he played up to a fifth set against one of the best tennis players of the world on clay. The clay season was over, and the grass season began with Kiefer's participation in the Gerry Weber Open. He retired in the second round against Jrgen Melzer after being down 1–6 with a muscular strain in his abdomen which forced him to retire from singles and doubles.He was the 33rd seed and had not fully recovered from his abdomen injury. In his match against Fabrice Santoro, he lost in straight sets. The Davis Cup quarterfinals were played between Germany and Spain. He did it in the doubles match with Zverev against Verdasco and Lpez. They lost the match. In the first round of the U.S Open, he beat Llodra in straight sets, but in the second round he lost to the world No. 3 Rafael Nadal.Major finals Olympic finals Doubles: 1 (1 silver medal) Masters Series finals Singles: 1 (1 runner-up) Career finals Singles: 19 (6 titles, 13 runner-ups) Doubles (3 titles, 1 runner-up) One player has a match record against players who have been ranked. 1. There are people from the district of Tennis who have won the Australian Open and the Hopman Cup.

26029445

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Taylor%20%28designer%29

Michael Taylor (designer)

Michael Taylor (born Earnest Charles Taylor, 1927 – June 3, 1986) was an American designer best known for creating the “California Look” of interior design. One of Architectural Digest’s “20 Greatest Designers of All Time” and "Interior Design Legends," Taylor was noted for his rooms of airiness and light with a prominent use of natural forms and the color white. In 1956, he founded his design company, Michael Taylor Interiors, Inc. Under Michael Taylor Designs, he manufactured his own designs and in 1985 partnered with Paul Weaver to develop and market interior and exterior furnishings to the wholesale design trade. Taylor worked continuously until his death in 1986. Early life Childhood Born in Modesto, California in 1927, Michael Taylor moved with his family to the northern California town of Santa Rosa in 1933. There, his childhood was greatly influenced by his maternal grandmother who imparted on him an affinity for natural forms by taking him on daily hikes. It was here that the seeds of Taylor’s design philosophy were first planted, with his interest in the arts shining through even at a young age. Where other young boys collected baseball cards, the young Taylor collected bits of porcelain. However, despite an obvious penchant for aesthetics, his parents wished him to become a doctor. A dream they held onto for years and that he nearly lived out. Formative years In 1944, Taylor dropped out of High School, where he played football and was active in theater, to join the U.S. Navy. He served as a Navy paramedic until he was discharged in 1946. That experience, however, soured Taylor on the idea of becoming a doctor. Instead, he moved to San Francisco where, in 1947, he enrolled at the Rudolf Schaeffer School of Design. It was there that Taylor learned what he called "the secrets of color." Over time, he became very close to Mr. Schaeffer, who referred to him as “his dear Michael,” and who set him up as a partner in a fledgling design company with Frances Mihailoff, a prominent designer in San Francisco at the time. A mere four years after entering the Rudolf Schaeffer School of Design, Michael Taylor was already a partner in an interior design business at the age of 25. Their partnership was so fruitful that they both decided they could make it on their own. In 1956, Michael Taylor began his own interior design company. Career Michael Taylor Interiors After dissolving his partnership with Frances Mihailoff, Taylor set up Michael Taylor Interiors, Inc. on Sutter Street in San Francisco in 1956. Working for prominent San Francisco families, Taylor's reputation grew quickly. What was, at first, a clientele of San Francisco Bay Area socialites soon expanded to Los Angeles, Miami and New York. International acclaim followed and Taylor soon started working abroad as well. Michael Taylor Designs Inc. In 1985 Paul Weaver, former Director of Marketing and VP of McGuire Furniture, approached Taylor with a plan to develop and expand the nascent Michael Taylor Designs product line offered by Taylor's interiors company into a new entity. Michael Taylor Designs Inc. was officially incorporated on August 5, 1985. After Taylor's death in 1986 Weaver assumed full control and over the subsequent 24 years greatly expanded the product lines, established nationwide sales showrooms and developed the Taylor brand into one of the most recognized luxury products in the home furnishing industry. Design Philosophy Taylor's distinct "California Look" begins as an amalgamation of different styles, mixed with his own unique twists and has been called "a posthumous collaboration with some of the great decorators of the past." Starting with Syrie Maugham's emphasis on shades of white, adding in the ornateness of Sister Parish and the simple exquisiteness of Frances Elkins' design; Taylor would then infuse his own style. A look born in the past yet completely new. Implicit in that design philosophy was a melding of styles and ages. A set of antique Italian chairs beside a Roy Lichtenstein print; Chinese chairs set around an unvarnished wood table atop a Yosemite granite base. He stated, "there is no arbitrary law which says that an eighteenth-century French chair and a Sheridan can't be used in the same room. The only consideration is how well these or other pieces look together; do they compete with each other or do they create a felicitous sense of contrast?" And while this fusion seems commonplace now, it was largely unheard of before Michael Taylor. An important piece of the Taylor design aesthetic was to bring the outdoors in, adding natural forms into ornate rooms. Plants were a must and he'd often use large, unshaped boulders indoors. His childhood in northern California, spending much time outdoors, fed his desire for nature infused rooms. But this also served a practical design purpose, as he said, "Plants have a way of preventing a room from appearing overdecorated; they also soften light." And the effect of light on a room drove many of his design decisions. Although noted for his extensive use of the color white, Taylor didn't use white as the centerpiece for the room but rather to bring out the lighting and other aspects in the room. Michael Taylor White, his own hue (warmer than plain white), worked to promote the other colors, a source of light and/or a piece of art. White also served to bring light into the room, making it warmer. Taylor would often spend an entire day in a room before designing it. Watching the way the light worked through the room at different points of the day. Only then, when he had a grasp of the light patterns, would he begin to design. Simplicity was vital to Taylor's style. His famous saying, "When in doubt, throw it out," was a design mantra of sorts. As he stated, "If (a room) is properly put together, it is often more refreshing to have a wall with nothing hanging on it." However, with a simplified design palette the room risked becoming too sparse and this is where Taylor says his use of scale came into play, "When you take things out, you must increase the size of what's left." And so Taylor's famed voluminous sofas and chairs came about. Finally, and perhaps most radically, Taylor insisted that a room never look perfectly finished. As he wrote in his 1964 essay, "A New Look at Decorating": Legacy To this day, Taylor's work informs the design world. Despite passing away more than two decades ago, Taylor has been repeatedly featured in Architectural Digest, most recently in the January 2010 issue. The February 2010 issue of San Francisco magazine's cover feature on up and coming interior designers declared Taylor "the emperor of California Design," and something of a fountainhead for the movement. The next month the San Francisco Chronicle referred to his design of Fleur de Lys restaurant as the "most romantic" in San Francisco. Famed designer, and one of Architectural Digest's "AD100" (their list of the 100 top international architects and interior designers), Suzanne Tucker was Taylor's protégé. In a 2007 interview, Tucker said, "Michael Taylor was undoubtedly my strongest philosophical influence in that he really demonstrated that design can be a mix of eras and styles, color and form, but the most essential aspect is always scale and proportion." After Taylor's death in 1986, Tucker together with partner, Timothy F. Marks, bought his interior design business, Michael Taylor Interiors, Inc. which has since become Tucker & Marks, Inc. Paul Weaver acquired 100% of the shares in the furniture company, Michael Taylor Designs, in 1986 and operated it until its sale in 2009. Michael Taylor Designs continues to operate showrooms in San Francisco, Los Angeles, Chicago, Miami and New York. References External links Michael Taylor Designs website Interior Design Hall of Fame Michael Taylor Quotes Review of Stephen Salny Book Interview with Suzanne Tucker about Taylor American interior designers American furniture designers California people in design 1986 deaths 1927 births American company founders Artists from San Francisco People from the San Francisco Bay Area Restaurant design Rudolph Schaeffer School of Design alumni

<mask> (born <mask>, 1927 – June 3, 1986) was an American designer best known for creating the “California Look” of interior design. One of Architectural Digest’s “20 Greatest Designers of All Time” and "Interior Design Legends," <mask> was noted for his rooms of airiness and light with a prominent use of natural forms and the color white. In 1956, he founded his design company, Michael Taylor Interiors, Inc. Under <mask> Designs, he manufactured his own designs and in 1985 partnered with Paul Weaver to develop and market interior and exterior furnishings to the wholesale design trade. <mask> worked continuously until his death in 1986. Early life Childhood Born in Modesto, California in 1927, <mask> moved with his family to the northern California town of Santa Rosa in 1933. There, his childhood was greatly influenced by his maternal grandmother who imparted on him an affinity for natural forms by taking him on daily hikes.It was here that the seeds of <mask>’s design philosophy were first planted, with his interest in the arts shining through even at a young age. Where other young boys collected baseball cards, the young <mask> collected bits of porcelain. However, despite an obvious penchant for aesthetics, his parents wished him to become a doctor. A dream they held onto for years and that he nearly lived out. Formative years In 1944, <mask> dropped out of High School, where he played football and was active in theater, to join the U.S. Navy. He served as a Navy paramedic until he was discharged in 1946. That experience, however, soured <mask> on the idea of becoming a doctor.Instead, he moved to San Francisco where, in 1947, he enrolled at the Rudolf Schaeffer School of Design. It was there that <mask> learned what he called "the secrets of color." Over time, he became very close to Mr. Schaeffer, who referred to him as “his dear <mask>,” and who set him up as a partner in a fledgling design company with Frances Mihailoff, a prominent designer in San Francisco at the time. A mere four years after entering the Rudolf Schaeffer School of Design, <mask> was already a partner in an interior design business at the age of 25. Their partnership was so fruitful that they both decided they could make it on their own. In 1956, <mask> began his own interior design company. Career <mask> Interiors After dissolving his partnership with Frances Mihailoff, <mask> set up Michael Taylor Interiors, Inc. on Sutter Street in San Francisco in 1956.Working for prominent San Francisco families, <mask>'s reputation grew quickly. What was, at first, a clientele of San Francisco Bay Area socialites soon expanded to Los Angeles, Miami and New York. International acclaim followed and <mask> soon started working abroad as well. Michael Taylor Designs Inc. In 1985 Paul Weaver, former Director of Marketing and VP of McGuire Furniture, approached <mask> with a plan to develop and expand the nascent Michael Taylor Designs product line offered by <mask>'s interiors company into a new entity. Michael Taylor Designs Inc. was officially incorporated on August 5, 1985. After <mask>'s death in 1986 Weaver assumed full control and over the subsequent 24 years greatly expanded the product lines, established nationwide sales showrooms and developed the Taylor brand into one of the most recognized luxury products in the home furnishing industry.Design Philosophy <mask>'s distinct "California Look" begins as an amalgamation of different styles, mixed with his own unique twists and has been called "a posthumous collaboration with some of the great decorators of the past." Starting with Syrie Maugham's emphasis on shades of white, adding in the ornateness of Sister Parish and the simple exquisiteness of Frances Elkins' design; <mask> would then infuse his own style. A look born in the past yet completely new. Implicit in that design philosophy was a melding of styles and ages. A set of antique Italian chairs beside a Roy Lichtenstein print; Chinese chairs set around an unvarnished wood table atop a Yosemite granite base. He stated, "there is no arbitrary law which says that an eighteenth-century French chair and a Sheridan can't be used in the same room. The only consideration is how well these or other pieces look together; do they compete with each other or do they create a felicitous sense of contrast?"And while this fusion seems commonplace now, it was largely unheard of before <mask>. An important piece of the <mask> design aesthetic was to bring the outdoors in, adding natural forms into ornate rooms. Plants were a must and he'd often use large, unshaped boulders indoors. His childhood in northern California, spending much time outdoors, fed his desire for nature infused rooms. But this also served a practical design purpose, as he said, "Plants have a way of preventing a room from appearing overdecorated; they also soften light." And the effect of light on a room drove many of his design decisions. Although noted for his extensive use of the color white, <mask> didn't use white as the centerpiece for the room but rather to bring out the lighting and other aspects in the room.<mask> White, his own hue (warmer than plain white), worked to promote the other colors, a source of light and/or a piece of art. White also served to bring light into the room, making it warmer. <mask> would often spend an entire day in a room before designing it. Watching the way the light worked through the room at different points of the day. Only then, when he had a grasp of the light patterns, would he begin to design. Simplicity was vital to <mask>'s style. His famous saying, "When in doubt, throw it out," was a design mantra of sorts.As he stated, "If (a room) is properly put together, it is often more refreshing to have a wall with nothing hanging on it." However, with a simplified design palette the room risked becoming too sparse and this is where <mask> says his use of scale came into play, "When you take things out, you must increase the size of what's left." And so <mask>'s famed voluminous sofas and chairs came about. Finally, and perhaps most radically, <mask> insisted that a room never look perfectly finished. As he wrote in his 1964 essay, "A New Look at Decorating": Legacy To this day, <mask>'s work informs the design world. Despite passing away more than two decades ago, <mask> has been repeatedly featured in Architectural Digest, most recently in the January 2010 issue. The February 2010 issue of San Francisco magazine's cover feature on up and coming interior designers declared <mask> "the emperor of California Design," and something of a fountainhead for the movement.The next month the San Francisco Chronicle referred to his design of Fleur de Lys restaurant as the "most romantic" in San Francisco. Famed designer, and one of Architectural Digest's "AD100" (their list of the 100 top international architects and interior designers), Suzanne Tucker was <mask>'s protégé. In a 2007 interview, Tucker said, "<mask> was undoubtedly my strongest philosophical influence in that he really demonstrated that design can be a mix of eras and styles, color and form, but the most essential aspect is always scale and proportion." After <mask>'s death in 1986, Tucker together with partner, Timothy F. Marks, bought his interior design business, Michael Taylor Interiors, Inc. which has since become Tucker & Marks, Inc. Paul Weaver acquired 100% of the shares in the furniture company, Michael Taylor Designs, in 1986 and operated it until its sale in 2009. Michael Taylor Designs continues to operate showrooms in San Francisco, Los Angeles, Chicago, Miami and New York. References External links Michael Taylor Designs website Interior Design Hall of Fame <mask> Quotes Review of Stephen Salny Book Interview with Suzanne Tucker about <mask> American interior designers American furniture designers California people in design 1986 deaths 1927 births American company founders Artists from San Francisco People from the San Francisco Bay Area Restaurant design Rudolph Schaeffer School of Design alumni

<mask> was an American designer best known for creating the "California Look" of interior design. One of Architectural Digest's 20 greatest designers of all time, <mask> was noted for his rooms of airiness and light with a prominent use of natural forms and the color white. He founded his design company in the 60's. In 1985 he collaborated with Paul Weaver to develop and market interior and exterior furnishings to the wholesale design trade. <mask> worked until he died. <mask> was born in California in 1927 and moved with his family to Santa Rosa in 1933. His maternal grandmother instilled in him an affinity for nature by taking him on daily hikes.The seeds of <mask>'s design philosophy were sown here, with his interest in the arts shining through even at a young age. The young <mask> was the one who collected bits of porcelain. His parents wanted him to become a doctor. It was a dream they held onto for a long time. In 1944, <mask> dropped out of High School to join the U.S. Navy, where he played football and was active in theater. He was discharged from the Navy after serving as a paramedic. It soured <mask> on the idea of becoming a doctor.He moved to San Francisco in 1947 to enroll at the school. <mask> learned the secrets of color there. He became very close to Mr. Schaeffer, who referred to him as his dear <mask>, and who set him up as a partner in a design company with a prominent designer in San Francisco at the time. <mask> was a partner in an interior design business at the age of 25 four years after he graduated from the school. Both of them decided they could make it on their own. <mask> started his own company. <mask> set up his company in San Francisco after dissolving his partnership with Mihailoff.<mask> was working for prominent San Francisco families. Los Angeles, Miami and New York were added to the list of clients of the San Francisco Bay Area. <mask> began working abroad as well. <mask> designs. In 1985 Paul Weaver, former Director of Marketing and VP of McGuire Furniture, approached <mask> with a plan to develop and expand the Michael Taylor Designs product line. August 5, 1985 is when Michael Taylor Designs Inc. was incorporated. After <mask>'s death in 1986 Weaver assumed full control and expanded the product lines, established nationwide sales showrooms and developed the Taylor brand into one of the most recognized luxury products in the home furnishings industry.<mask>'s "California Look" is an amalgamation of different styles, mixed with his own unique twists and has been called a posthumous collaboration with some of the great decorators of the past. Adding in the ornateness of Sister Parish and the simple exquisiteness of Frances Elkins' design would give <mask> his own style. A look that was born in the past is completely new. The design philosophy was influenced by styles and ages. There is a set of antique Italian chairs next to a Roy Lichtenstein print. There is no law that says that a chair from the 1700's and a chair from the 1800's can't be used in the same room. The only consideration is how well these or other pieces look together; do they compete with each other or do they create a felicitous sense of contrast?This fusion was not common before <mask>. Adding natural forms into ornate rooms was an important part of the <mask> design aesthetic. Plants were a must and he used large boulders indoors. He wanted nature infused rooms when he was a kid in northern California. He said that plants have a way of preventing a room from being over decorated. Many of his design decisions were influenced by the effect of light on a room. <mask> didn't use white as the centerpiece for the room but rather brought out the lighting and other aspects in the room, which was noted for his extensive use of the color white.<mask> White promoted the other colors, a source of light and a piece of art. Light was brought into the room by White. <mask> would spend an entire day in a room. At different points in the day, the light worked through the room. He would begin to design when he grasped the light patterns. <mask>'s style was simple. His famous saying, "When in doubt, throw it out," was a design slogan.It is often more refreshing to have a wall without anything hanging on it if a room is properly put together. <mask> says his use of scale came into play, "When you take things out, you must increase the size of what's left." <mask>'s famous sofas and chairs came about. <mask> insisted that a room never looks finished. <mask>'s work informs the design world, as he wrote in his 1964 essay. <mask> was featured in the January 2010 issue of Architectural Digest, more than two decades after his death. <mask> was declared "the emperor of California Design" in the February 2010 issue of San Francisco magazine.The San Francisco Chronicle referred to his design as the "most romantic" in San Francisco. One of Architectural Digest's list of the 100 top international architects and interior designers was Suzanne Tucker. Tucker said that <mask> demonstrated that design can be a mix of eras and styles, color and form, but the most essential aspect is always scale and proportion. Tucker and Marks bought <mask>'s interior design business in 1986 and renamed it Tucker & Marks, Inc. There are showrooms in San Francisco, Los Angeles, Chicago, Miami and New York. References External links <mask> Designs website Interior Design Hall of Fame <mask> quotes Review of Stephen Salny book Interview with Suzanne Tucker about <mask> American interior designers American furniture designers California people in design 1986 deaths 1927 births American company founders Artists from San Francisco

1226932

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene%20Jackson

Eugene Jackson

Eugene W. Jackson II (December 25, 1916 – October 26, 2001) was an American child actor who was a regular of the Our Gang short series during the silent Pathé era. Career When he joined the gang, Jackson replaced the series' first black cast member, Ernie Morrison who was billed in the series as Sunshine Sammy, Jackson's characters nickname was "Pineapple" because of his haircut's similarity to the shape of the pineapple fruit. He played the character "Humidor" in one of Mary Pickford's most successful films, Little Annie Rooney (1925). A large film poster of the cast of Little Annie Rooney, including Jackson, hangs in the lobby of the Mary Pickford Theatre of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in Hollywood. Jackson also starred in Hearts in Dixie (1929), one of the first all-talking, big-studio productions to boast a predominately African-American cast. He was the first African-American child to have a speaking part in a major motion picture. In television, Jackson was a recurring character on Julia, the first network sitcom to have a female African-American lead, Diahann Carroll. Jackson played Julia's uncle. Jackson's last major feature film was The Addams Family (1991) with Anjelica Huston, Raul Julia and Christopher Lloyd. He played a one-armed musician. Jackson wrote an autobiography in 1999 that contains pictures from his career in show business. Death Jackson died of a heart attack in Compton, California on October 26, 2001. He was 84. Partial filmography Penrod and Sam (1923) - Verman Her Reputation (1923) - Boy pushed into pond Boy of Mine (1923) - Little Boy (uncredited) The Thief of Bagdad (1924) - Child (uncredited) Little Annie Rooney (1925) - Humidor (uncredited) Flirty Four-Flushers (1926, Short) - Boy Eating Watermelon (uncredited) Uncle Tom's Cabin (1927) - Child (uncredited) Little Mickey Grogan (1927) - Dancing Black Boy (uncredited) Hearts in Dixie (1929) - Chinquapin Dixiana (1930) - Cupid - Plantation House Boy (uncredited) Cimarron (1931) - Isaiah Sporting Blood (1931) - Sam "Sammy" Sporting Chance (1931) - Horseshoe Secret Service (1931) - Israel Polk Ladies Crave Excitement (1935) - Lightcrust - Horse Groom (uncredited) Tumbling Tumbleweeds (1935) - Eightball Red River Valley (1936) - Iodine The Lonely Trail (1936) - Harmonica Player / Dancer Hearts in Bondage (1936) - Sam (uncredited) Guns and Guitars (1936) - Eightball Midnight Court (1937) - Garfield Brown (uncredited) It Can't Last Forever (1937) - Jackson Brothers Act (uncredited) Blonde Trouble (1937) - Bootblack (uncredited) Wine, Women and Horses (1937) - Eight Ball Thoroughbreds Don't Cry (1937) - Black Stable Boy (uncredited) The Buccaneer (1938) - James Smith, a Servant Arrest Bulldog Drummond (1938) - Hotel Page Boy (uncredited) Tom Sawyer, Detective (1938) - Boy (uncredited) Kentucky (1938) - Jimmy (uncredited) Rhythm Rodeo (1938) - Tap Dancer The Lady's from Kentucky (1939) - Winfield (uncredited) Reform School (1939) - Pete Boy Friend (1939) - Porter (uncredited) Television Spy (1939) - Tommy (uncredited) The Honeymoon's Over (1939) - Parking Man (uncredited) Seventeen (1940) - Attendant (uncredited) Sporting Blood (1940) - Sam - Lockwood's Horse Groom (uncredited) Melody and Moonlight (1940) - Dancer (uncredited) Golden Hoofs (1941) - Curly (uncredited) Unfinished Business (1941) - Bootblack (uncredited) Reap the Wild Wind (1942) - Dr. Jepson's Black Servant (uncredited) Take My Life (1942) - Bill, Harlem Tuff-Kid Gang Member Reveille with Beverly (1943) - Franklin Delano Lincoln Van Buren Jones (uncredited) What's Buzzin', Cousin? (1943) - Bellboy (uncredited) Scudda Hoo! Scudda Hay! (1948) - Stable Hand - Tony (uncredited) The Story of Seabiscuit (1949) - Stablehand (uncredited) The Killer That Stalked New York (1950) - Bootblack (uncredited) Artists and Models (1955) - Street Saxophonist (uncredited) Jeanne Eagels (1957) - Piccaninny (uncredited) The Long, Hot Summer (1958) - Waiter (uncredited) King Creole (1958) - Saxophonist in Blue Shade (uncredited) North by Northwest (1959) - Security Guard at auction (uncredited) The Gene Krupa Story (1959) - Saxophone Player (uncredited) The Apartment (1960) - Office Worker (uncredited) Two Weeks in Another Town (1962) - Commuter at Airport (uncredited) Critic's Choice (1963) - Audience Member (uncredited) Robin and the 7 Hoods (1964) - Congregation Member (uncredited) Looking for Love (1964) - Office Worker (uncredited) Your Cheatin' Heart (1964) - Theatre Patron (uncredited) Zebra in the Kitchen (1965) - Newsboy (uncredited) Shenandoah (1965) - Gabriel Wild in the Streets (1968) - Congressman (uncredited) Support Your Local Gunfighter (1971) - Waiter Aboard Train (uncredited) Chandler (1971) - Shoe Shine Boy The Carey Treatment (1972) - Doctor (uncredited) Black Girl (1972) - Parishioner (uncredited) Coffy (1973) - Man at Rally (uncredited) 40 Carats (1973) - Party Dancer (uncredited) Cleopatra Jones (1973) - Henry The Day of the Locust (1975) - Doorman (uncredited) All the President's Men (1976) - Reporter (uncredited) Sparkle (1976) - Hotel Bellboy (uncredited) Treasure of Matecumbe (1976) - Man Dancing in the Street (uncredited) Five Days from Home (1978) - Inmate (uncredited) Escape from Alcatraz (1979) - Inmate #7 American Gigolo (1980) - Bootblack Off the Wall (1983) - Old Black Man Swing Shift (1984) - Bartender at Kelly's Life Stinks (1991) - Office Janitor (uncredited) The Addams Family (1991) - One-Armed Bass Player References Bibliography Holmstrom, John. The Moving Picture Boy: An International Encyclopaedia from 1895 to 1995, Norwich, Michael Russell, 1996, pp. 74–75. External links American male child actors American male film actors American male silent film actors Male actors from New York (state) 1916 births 2001 deaths 20th-century American male actors African-American male child actors American male comedy actors Hal Roach Studios actors Our Gang 20th-century African-American people

<mask><mask> II (December 25, 1916 – October 26, 2001) was an American child actor who was a regular of the Our Gang short series during the silent Pathé era. Career When he joined the gang, <mask> replaced the series' first black cast member, Ernie Morrison who was billed in the series as Sunshine Sammy, <mask>'s characters nickname was "Pineapple" because of his haircut's similarity to the shape of the pineapple fruit. He played the character "Humidor" in one of Mary Pickford's most successful films, Little Annie Rooney (1925). A large film poster of the cast of Little Annie Rooney, including <mask>, hangs in the lobby of the Mary Pickford Theatre of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in Hollywood. <mask> also starred in Hearts in Dixie (1929), one of the first all-talking, big-studio productions to boast a predominately African-American cast. He was the first African-American child to have a speaking part in a major motion picture. In television, <mask> was a recurring character on Julia, the first network sitcom to have a female African-American lead, Diahann Carroll.<mask> played Julia's uncle. <mask>'s last major feature film was The Addams Family (1991) with Anjelica Huston, Raul Julia and Christopher Lloyd. He played a one-armed musician. <mask> wrote an autobiography in 1999 that contains pictures from his career in show business. Death <mask> died of a heart attack in Compton, California on October 26, 2001. He was 84. (1943) - Bellboy (uncredited) Scudda Hoo!Scudda Hay! The Moving Picture Boy: An International Encyclopaedia from 1895 to 1995, Norwich, Michael Russell, 1996, pp. 74–75. External links American male child actors American male film actors American male silent film actors Male actors from New York (state) 1916 births 2001 deaths 20th-century American male actors African-American male child actors American male comedy actors Hal Roach Studios actors Our Gang 20th-century African-American people

<mask><mask> II was an American child actor who was a regular on the Our Gang short series. <mask>'s nickname was "Pineapple" because of his resemblance to the shape of the pineapple fruit, when he joined the gang. He played the character "Humidor" in Little Annie Rooney. A large film poster of the cast of Little Annie Rooney, including <mask>, hangs in the lobby of the Mary Pickford Theatre of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in Hollywood. One of the first big studio productions to feature a predominantly African-American cast was Hearts in Dixie. He was the first black child to have a speaking part in a movie. Julia was the first network sitcom to have a female African-American lead, and <mask> was a recurring character.<mask> was Julia's uncle. The Addams Family was <mask>'s last feature film. He played an instrument. There are pictures from <mask>'s career in show business in his autobiography. On October 26, 2001, <mask> died of a heart attack. He died at the age of 84. Bellboy is uncredited.Scudda Hay! The Moving Picture Boy: An International Encyclopedia from 1895 to 1995 was written by Michael Russell. 74–75. American male child actors, American male film actors, American male silent film actors, American male comedy actors, Hal Roach Studios actors, Our Gang 20th-century African-American people.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redmond%20Burke%2C%20Baron%20Leitrim

Redmond Burke, Baron Leitrim

Redmond Burke, Baron Leitrim (; ; fl. 1580s–1602) was an Irish noble and soldier who served in Spain and later in Ireland during the Nine Years' War. Family background Burke was a member of the Burke family of Clanricarde, in what is now County Galway. He was one of five brothers who left Ireland to enrol in Spanish service in the late 1580s. They were in Ireland in time to participate in the Nine Years' War. They were sons of John na Seamar Burke (died 1583) and nephews of Ulick Burke, 3rd Earl of Clanricarde (died 1601). Redmond was the eldest of the family, and styled Baron or Lord Leitrim, after his father. Annalistic extracts:1600 The Annals of the Four Masters, sub anno 1600, state: Redmond Burke, the son of John of the Shamrocks, son of James, son of Richard Saxonagh, was at this time an illustrious and celebrated gentleman, according to the usages of the Irish. He and his brothers, John Oge, William, and Thomas, remained in the two Ormonds, and in Ely, during the summer, autumn, and winter, of this year; and so great and numerous were the troops and forces of these sons of John Burke, that they ravaged and desolated all the adjacent territories and cantreds. They took many castles on this occasion in Ely and Ormond, among which were Suidhe-an-roin, Bel-atha-Dun-Gair, and Cuil-O'nDubhain, in Ely; and Port-a-Tolchain, in Ormond. 1601 The Annals of the Four Masters have a number of extracts concerning Redmond and his brothers, sub anno 1601. The sons of John of the Shamrocks, the son of Rickard Saxonagh, of whom we have already treated, happened to be encamped during the first days of the month of January in O'Meagher's country, in Ikerrin. Spies and scouts came upon them in that place from the Butlers, after it had been reported by some of their gentlemen that an advantage and opportunity could be had by attacking them in the place where they then were. For this purpose Sir Walter, the son of John, son of James Butler, and Mac Pierce, i.e. James, the son of Edmond, son of James, with some of the gentlemen of the two countries, i.e. of the county of Tipperary and of the county of Kilkenny, came to a conference and meeting on a certain night, at an appointed place. The result of their conference, and the resolution to which they agreed, was, to attack the Connaught camp at day-break next morning. An unusual accident and a sad fatality occurred to the camp of the Bourkes, namely, an advantage was taken of their want of watching, so that their enemies came into the midst of them. They left them lying mangled and slaughtered, pierced and blood-stained corpses, throughout their tents and booths. On this occasion was slain O'Shaughnessy, i.e. John, the son of Gilla-Duv, son of Dermot, son of William, who had been banished from his patrimony, as indeed had been all those plunderers who were along with the sons of John Burke. John Oge, the son of John Burke, was taken prisoner, and conveyed to Kilkenny, to be confined. Redmond Burke, and William, together with a party of their people, escaped from this affray; and they went from thence into Ely, but they did not remain long in that territory, when they proceeded into Ulster, leaving the castles which until then they had possessed in East Munster under slender guard. On their arrival among the Irish of the North, namely, O'Neill and O'Donnell, Redmond proceeded to hire soldiers, to march into Clanrickard; and, as soon as he had mustered a sufficient number of these, he led them, during the first days of spring, across the Erne, and passed along the borders of Breifny O'Rourke, through the counties of Sligo and Roscommon, and across the River Suck, into Clann-Conway. He made a prisoner of the lord of this territory, namely, Mac David (Fiach, son of Hubert Boy, son of William, son of Thomas); and he afterwards proceeded to Tuath-an-Chalaidh, in the upper part of Hy-Many, in the county of Galway. When the Earl of Clanrickard, i.e. Ulick Burke, heard of this thing, he went to the eastern extremity of his country, to await and watch Redmond; but, notwithstanding all his vigilance, Redmond, on the thirteenth night of the month of March, without being heard or noticed by the Earl or his sentinels, passed by them into Clanrickard, until he arrived in the district of Kinel-Feichin, in the south of the barony of Leitrim, in the county of Galway. Towards the end of that night, and by the dawning of day, Redmond sent forth his marauding parties through every town of that district, from Magh-glass to Crannog-Meg-Cnaimhin, and from Coill-bhreac to the mountain; and before the noon of that day Redmond had in his power the greater part of the property, and all the moveable effects, of that territory. He afterwards went to take up his abode in the woods situated in the upper part of that district, and continued for four or five days moving about in this manner, plundering his neighbours, and strengthening the ramparts around himself, until the Earl of Clanrickard, accompanied by all the troops he had been able to muster in the district, arrived, and pitched his camp at the monastery of Kinel-Fheichin. Thus they remained for four or five days, during which time some persons not illustrious were slain between them, until Teige, the son of Brian-na-Murtha, son of Brian Ballagh, son of Owen O'Rourke, arrived with bold companies of sharp-armed soldiers to assist Redmond. When these two parties combined overtook the Earl, he left the camp in which he was, and proceeded through the passes into Clanrickard. The others pursued him to Loughrea; and, the Earl and his people escaping from them on this occasion, they traversed, plundered, and burned the country from Leitrim to Ard-Maeldubhain and as far as the gate of Feadán, in the west of Kinelea. At this time they lost a Munster lord of a territory, i.e. MacDonough, i.e. Donough, the son of Cormac Oge, son of Cormac. What brought him on this expedition was this, he had been carried off as a hostage by O'Neill in the spring of the preceding year, and had remained in Ulster until having regained his liberty he set out with those sons of John Burke, and so fell in this war of the Clann-William. When Redmond arrived with his marauders on the confines of Thomond, they pitched a camp on the western side of Loch-Cutra. Here he was joined by a young gentleman of the Dal-Cais, namely, Teige, the son of Turlough, son of Donnell, son of Conor O'Brien, who had been induced to join him through the advice and solicitation of bad and foolish men, and without consulting or taking counsel of his father or the Earl of Clanrickard, to whom he was related and friendly. When the sons of John Burke and Teige O'Brien had entered into a confederacy with each other, Teige requested, in three days afterwards, that he should get a company to go on an incursion into some angle of Thomond. He was not refused this request, for some of the gentlemen of the camp went along with him, with their kerns. Among these were William, the son of John Burke, and the son of Mac William Burke, i.e. Walter, the son of William, son of David, son of Edmond, son of Ulick. On leaving the camp, they passed along the borders of Kinelea, and Echtghe, and Kinel-Dunghaile. They sent off marauding parties along both banks of the Fergus, into the lower part of Hy-Fearmaic, and the upper part of Clann-Cuilein. Some of them proceeded to Baile-Ui-Aille, and near Clonroad; and they returned that night with their spoils to Cill-Reachtais, in Upper Clann-Cuilein. On their leaving this town, on the following morning, they were overtaken by the rising-out of the two Clann-Cuileins, with their gentlemen. They were also overtaken by the companies of the Earl of Thomond. These pursuing forces of Thomond proceeded to shoot at the insurgents, and killed many of their men, from thence to Miliuc-Ui-Ghrada, in the east of Cenel-Donghaile. The pursuers then returned, and the others carried off the prey to their camp, after having lost some of their gentlemen and common people. Among these was that son of Mac William whom we have already mentioned, namely, Walter, the son of William Burke. Teige, the son of Turlough O' Brien, was wounded the same day by the shot of a ball; so that on his arrival at the camp he was obliged, in despite of his unbending mind and his impetuous spirit, to betake himself to the bed of sickness, and go under the hands of physicians. A great number of the Queen's people came from various places to assist the Earl of Clanrickard. Of these were eight or nine standards of soldiers, sent from the President of the two provinces of Munster. Thither came the Earl's own son, who had been for some time before along with the Lord Justice, with a band of foreign soldiers; thither also came the Deputy of the Governor of the province of Connaught, and there came also an auxiliary force from Galway. When the sons of John Burke heard of this muster, they removed back eastwards, along the mountain, into the fastnesses of the district of Kinel-Fheichin, and remained in the ready huts in which they had been before. They had not been long here when the sons of the Earl, namely, the Baron of Dunkellin and Sir Thomas Burke, with every one of his sons that was capable af bearing arms, arrived in the district in pursuit of them, at the head of very numerous forces, and pitched a splendid and well-furnished camp in the very middle of the district. The Earl of Clanrickard himself was not in this camp, for he had been attacked by a fit of sickness, and a severe, sharp disease, the week before, so that he was not able to undertake an expedition at this time. When the Deputy of the Governor of Connaught and the Baron of Dunkellin received intelligence that Teige O'Brien was lying severely wounded in that camp of Redmond Burke, they sent him a protection in behalf of the Queen, upon which he repaired to them. The Baron sent an escort with him to Leitrim, one of the Earl's castles. But he did not live long there, for he died shortly afterwards; and he was buried successively at Loughrea and Athenry in one week. Alas to the country that lost this young scion! He was expert at every warlike weapon and military engine used by the Irish on the field of battle. He was full of energy and animation, and distinguished for agility, expertness, mildness, comeliness, renown, and hospitality. As for the camps in the district of Kinel-Fheichin, they were front to front, guarding against each other daily, from the festival of St. Patrick to the end of the month of April, when the provisions and stores of flesh meat of the sons of John Burke began to grow scant and to fail; and they, therefore, proceeded to quit the territory; and after their departure they carried off a prey from O'Madden, i.e. Donnell, the son of John, son of Breasal, and then proceeded across the Suck. The sons of the Earl, in the mean time, continued to pursue them; and many persons were slain between them on this occasion. The sons of John Burke then went to Tirconnell, to O'Donnell; and the sons of the Earl returned to their own country and their houses. Kinsale Both William and Redmond were some of the chiefs who were along with Red Hugh O'Donnell at Kinsale. In the aftermath of the battle it was determined that O'Donnell, Redmond, the son of John Burke, and Captain Hugh Mus, the son of Robert, should go to Spain to complain of their distresses and difficulties to the King of Spain. O'Neill and O'Donnell determined that These chiefs left some of their neighbouring confederates in Munster, to plunder it in their absence, namely: Captain Tyrrell, the other sons of John Burke, and other gentlemen besides them. References External links http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100077/index.html http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100005F/text013.html 16th-century Irish people 17th-century Irish people People from County Galway Irish soldiers in the Spanish Army Redmond Irish expatriates in Spain People of Elizabethan Ireland

<mask>, Baron Leitrim (; ; fl. 1580s–1602) was an Irish noble and soldier who served in Spain and later in Ireland during the Nine Years' War. Family background Burke was a member of the Burke family of Clanricarde, in what is now County Galway. He was one of five brothers who left Ireland to enrol in Spanish service in the late 1580s. They were in Ireland in time to participate in the Nine Years' War. They were sons of John na Seamar Burke (died 1583) and nephews of Ulick Burke, 3rd Earl of Clanricarde (died 1601). <mask> was the eldest of the family, and styled Baron or Lord Leitrim, after his father.Annalistic extracts:1600 The Annals of the Four Masters, sub anno 1600, state: <mask> Burke, the son of John of the Shamrocks, son of James, son of Richard Saxonagh, was at this time an illustrious and celebrated gentleman, according to the usages of the Irish. He and his brothers, John Oge, William, and Thomas, remained in the two Ormonds, and in Ely, during the summer, autumn, and winter, of this year; and so great and numerous were the troops and forces of these sons of John Burke, that they ravaged and desolated all the adjacent territories and cantreds. They took many castles on this occasion in Ely and Ormond, among which were Suidhe-an-roin, Bel-atha-Dun-Gair, and Cuil-O'nDubhain, in Ely; and Port-a-Tolchain, in Ormond. 1601 The Annals of the Four Masters have a number of extracts concerning <mask> and his brothers, sub anno 1601. The sons of John of the Shamrocks, the son of Rickard Saxonagh, of whom we have already treated, happened to be encamped during the first days of the month of January in O'Meagher's country, in Ikerrin. Spies and scouts came upon them in that place from the Butlers, after it had been reported by some of their gentlemen that an advantage and opportunity could be had by attacking them in the place where they then were. For this purpose Sir Walter, the son of John, son of James Butler, and Mac Pierce, i.e.James, the son of Edmond, son of James, with some of the gentlemen of the two countries, i.e. of the county of Tipperary and of the county of Kilkenny, came to a conference and meeting on a certain night, at an appointed place. The result of their conference, and the resolution to which they agreed, was, to attack the Connaught camp at day-break next morning. An unusual accident and a sad fatality occurred to the camp of the Bourkes, namely, an advantage was taken of their want of watching, so that their enemies came into the midst of them. They left them lying mangled and slaughtered, pierced and blood-stained corpses, throughout their tents and booths. On this occasion was slain O'Shaughnessy, i.e. John, the son of Gilla-Duv, son of Dermot, son of William, who had been banished from his patrimony, as indeed had been all those plunderers who were along with the sons of John Burke.John Oge, the son of John Burke, was taken prisoner, and conveyed to Kilkenny, to be confined. <mask> Burke, and William, together with a party of their people, escaped from this affray; and they went from thence into Ely, but they did not remain long in that territory, when they proceeded into Ulster, leaving the castles which until then they had possessed in East Munster under slender guard. On their arrival among the Irish of the North, namely, O'Neill and O'Donnell, <mask> proceeded to hire soldiers, to march into Clanrickard; and, as soon as he had mustered a sufficient number of these, he led them, during the first days of spring, across the Erne, and passed along the borders of Breifny O'Rourke, through the counties of Sligo and Roscommon, and across the River Suck, into Clann-Conway. He made a prisoner of the lord of this territory, namely, Mac David (Fiach, son of Hubert Boy, son of William, son of Thomas); and he afterwards proceeded to Tuath-an-Chalaidh, in the upper part of Hy-Many, in the county of Galway. When the Earl of Clanrickard, i.e. Ulick Burke, heard of this thing, he went to the eastern extremity of his country, to await and watch <mask>; but, notwithstanding all his vigilance, <mask>ard, accompanied by all the troops he had been able to muster in the district, arrived, and pitched his camp at the monastery of Kinel-Fheichin. Thus they remained for four or five days, during which time some persons not illustrious were slain between them, until Teige, the son of Brian-na-Murtha, son of Brian Ballagh, son of Owen O'Rourke, arrived with bold companies of sharp-armed soldiers to assist <mask>. When these two parties combined overtook the Earl, he left the camp in which he was, and proceeded through the passes into Clanrickard. The others pursued him to Loughrea; and, the Earl and his people escaping from them on this occasion, they traversed, plundered, and burned the country from Leitrim to Ard-Maeldubhain and as far as the gate of Feadán, in the west of Kinelea. At this time they lost a Munster lord of a territory, i.e. MacDonough, i.e. Donough, the son of Cormac Oge, son of Cormac.What brought him on this expedition was this, he had been carried off as a hostage by O'Neill in the spring of the preceding year, and had remained in Ulster until having regained his liberty he set out with those sons of John Burke, and so fell in this war of the Clann-William. When <mask> arrived with his marauders on the confines of Thomond, they pitched a camp on the western side of Loch-Cutra. Here he was joined by a young gentleman of the Dal-Cais, namely, Teige, the son of Turlough, son of Donnell, son of Conor O'Brien, who had been induced to join him through the advice and solicitation of bad and foolish men, and without consulting or taking counsel of his father or the Earl of Clanrickard, to whom he was related and friendly. When the sons of John Burke and Teige O'Brien had entered into a confederacy with each other, Teige requested, in three days afterwards, that he should get a company to go on an incursion into some angle of Thomond. He was not refused this request, for some of the gentlemen of the camp went along with him, with their kerns. Among these were William, the son of John Burke, and the son of Mac William Burke, i.e. Walter, the son of William, son of David, son of Edmond, son of Ulick.On leaving the camp, they passed along the borders of Kinelea, and Echtghe, and Kinel-Dunghaile. They sent off marauding parties along both banks of the Fergus, into the lower part of Hy-Fearmaic, and the upper part of Clann-Cuilein. Some of them proceeded to Baile-Ui-Aille, and near Clonroad; and they returned that night with their spoils to Cill-Reachtais, in Upper Clann-Cuilein. On their leaving this town, on the following morning, they were overtaken by the rising-out of the two Clann-Cuileins, with their gentlemen. They were also overtaken by the companies of the Earl of Thomond. These pursuing forces of Thomond proceeded to shoot at the insurgents, and killed many of their men, from thence to Miliuc-Ui-Ghrada, in the east of Cenel-Donghaile. The pursuers then returned, and the others carried off the prey to their camp, after having lost some of their gentlemen and common people.Among these was that son of Mac William whom we have already mentioned, namely, Walter, the son of William Burke. Teige, the son of Turlough O' Brien, was wounded the same day by the shot of a ball; so that on his arrival at the camp he was obliged, in despite of his unbending mind and his impetuous spirit, to betake himself to the bed of sickness, and go under the hands of physicians. A great number of the Queen's people came from various places to assist the Earl of Clanrickard. Of these were eight or nine standards of soldiers, sent from the President of the two provinces of Munster. Thither came the Earl's own son, who had been for some time before along with the Lord Justice, with a band of foreign soldiers; thither also came the Deputy of the Governor of the province of Connaught, and there came also an auxiliary force from Galway. When the sons of John Burke heard of this muster, they removed back eastwards, along the mountain, into the fastnesses of the district of Kinel-Fheichin, and remained in the ready huts in which they had been before. They had not been long here when the sons of the Earl, namely, the Baron of Dunkellin and Sir Thomas Burke, with every one of his sons that was capable af bearing arms, arrived in the district in pursuit of them, at the head of very numerous forces, and pitched a splendid and well-furnished camp in the very middle of the district.The Earl of Clanrickard himself was not in this camp, for he had been attacked by a fit of sickness, and a severe, sharp disease, the week before, so that he was not able to undertake an expedition at this time. When the Deputy of the Governor of Connaught and the Baron of Dunkellin received intelligence that Teige O'Brien was lying severely wounded in that camp of Redmond Burke, they sent him a protection in behalf of the Queen, upon which he repaired to them. The Baron sent an escort with him to Leitrim, one of the Earl's castles. But he did not live long there, for he died shortly afterwards; and he was buried successively at Loughrea and Athenry in one week. Alas to the country that lost this young scion! He was expert at every warlike weapon and military engine used by the Irish on the field of battle. He was full of energy and animation, and distinguished for agility, expertness, mildness, comeliness, renown, and hospitality.As for the camps in the district of Kinel-Fheichin, they were front to front, guarding against each other daily, from the festival of St. Patrick to the end of the month of April, when the provisions and stores of flesh meat of the sons of John Burke began to grow scant and to fail; and they, therefore, proceeded to quit the territory; and after their departure they carried off a prey from O'Madden, i.e. Donnell, the son of John, son of Breasal, and then proceeded across the Suck. The sons of the Earl, in the mean time, continued to pursue them; and many persons were slain between them on this occasion. The sons of John Burke then went to Tirconnell, to O'Donnell; and the sons of the Earl returned to their own country and their houses. Kinsale Both William and <mask> were some of the chiefs who were along with Red Hugh O'Donnell at Kinsale. In the aftermath of the battle it was determined that O'Donnell, <mask>, the son of John Burke, and Captain Hugh Mus, the son of Robert, should go to Spain to complain of their distresses and difficulties to the King of Spain. O'Neill and O'Donnell determined that These chiefs left some of their neighbouring confederates in Munster, to plunder it in their absence, namely: Captain Tyrrell, the other sons of John Burke, and other gentlemen besides them.References External links http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100077/index.html http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100005F/text013.html 16th-century Irish people 17th-century Irish people People from County Galway Irish soldiers in the Spanish Army Redmond Irish expatriates in Spain People of Elizabethan Ireland

<mask> is Baron Leitrim. He served in Spain and later in Ireland during the Nine Years' War. In what is now County Galway, Burke was a member of the Burke family. He was one of five brothers who left Ireland for Spain in the late 1580s. The Nine Years' War took place in Ireland. They were the sons of John na Seamar Burke who died in 1583. The Baron or Lord Leitrim was styled after <mask>'s father.The Annals of the Four Masters, sub anno 1600, state that <mask> Burke, the son of John of the Shamrocks, son of James, son of Richard Saxonagh, was an illustrious and celebrated gentleman. He and his brothers, John Oge, William, and Thomas, remained in the two Ormonds, and in Ely, during the summer, autumn, and winter of this year; and so great and numerous were the troops and forces of these sons of John Burke. They took many castles in Ely and Ormond, among which were Suidhe-an-roin, Bel-atha-Dun-Gair, and Cuil-O'n Dubhain. There are a number of extracts about <mask> and his brothers in the Annals of the Four Masters. The son of Rickard Saxonagh, who we have already treated, was encamped in Ikerrin during the first days of January. After it was reported by some of their gentlemen that an advantage and opportunity could be had by attacking them in the place where they were, spies and scouts came upon them. Sir Walter was the son of John and James and Mac.James, the son of James, was with some of the gentlemen of the two countries. The conference and meeting of the county of Kilkenny and the county of Tipperary was held at an appointed place. The resolution to which they agreed was to attack the Connaught camp at day-break next morning. An accident and a sad death occurred to the camp of the Bourkes, as an advantage was taken of their want of watching, so that their enemies came into the midst of them. They left them dead and mangled in their tents and booths. O'Shaughnessy was killed on this occasion. All the plunderers who were with the sons of John Burke were the sons of Gilla-Duv.John Oge was taken prisoner and sent to Kilkenny to be confined. After escaping from this affray, <mask> Burke, and William, along with a party of their people, went from thence into Ely, leaving the castles which they had possessed in East Munster. <mask> hired soldiers, to march into Clanrickard, as soon as he had enough of them, and he led them during the first days of spring. He made a prisoner of the lord of this territory, namely, Mac David, son of William, son of Thomas, and he proceeded to Tuath-an-Chalaidh. The Earl of Clanrickard. Ulick Burke went to the eastern part of his country to watch <mask>, even though he was not heard or seen by the Earl. <mask> sent his marauding parties through every town of that district, from Magh-glass to Crannog-Meg-Cnaimhin, and from Coill-bhreac to the mountain.After taking up his abode in the woods in the upper part of the district, he proceeded to plunder his neighbours and strengthen the ramparts around himself, until the Earl of Clanrickard accompanied by all the troops arrived. Teige, the son of Brian-na-Murtha, son of Brian Ballagh, son of Owen O'Rourke, arrived with bold companies of sharp-armed soldiers to assist, after some persons not illustrious were slain between them. When the two parties overtook the Earl, he left the camp in which he was and went through the passes into Clanrickard. The Earl and his people escaped from them on this occasion, and they burned the country from Leitrim to Ard-maeldubhain and as far as the gate of Feadn. They lost a lord of the territory. MacDonough, i.e. Donough is the son of Cormac Oge.He had been taken off as a hostage by O'Neill in the spring of the preceding year, and had remained in Ulster until he regained his freedom, and so fell in this war of the Clann. <mask> and his marauders had a camp on the western side of Loch-Cutra. Here he was joined by a young gentleman of the Dal-Cais, Teige, the son of Turlough, who had been persuaded to join him by the advice and solicitation of bad and foolish men. When the sons of John Burke and Teige O'Brien had entered into a confederacy with each other, Teige requested a company to go on an incursion into some angle of Thomond. Some of the gentlemen of the camp went along with him. The son of John Burke and the son of Mac William Burke were among these. Walter is the son of William and David.They left the camp and went along the borders of Echtghe and Kinel-Dunghaile. The marauding parties were sent into the lower and upper parts of Clann-Cuilein. They returned with their spoils to Cill-Reachtais, in Upper Clann-Cuilein. They were overtaken by the two Clann-Cuileins with their gentlemen on the morning of their departure from this town. The companies of the Earl of Thomond overtook them. From thence to Miliuc-Ui-Ghrada, in the east of Cenel-Donghaile, they killed many of their men. After losing some of their gentlemen and common people, the others carried the prey to their camp.Walter, the son of William Burke, was among these. The son of Turlough O' Brien was wounded by a ball the day before he arrived at the camp and was obliged to take himself to the bed. The Earl of Clanrickard was assisted by a large number of Queen's people. The President of the two provinces of Munster sent eight or nine standards of soldiers. The Earl's own son, who had been with the Lord Justice before, was brought along with a band of foreign soldiers and the deputy governor of the province of Connaught. When the sons of John Burke heard of the muster, they went back eastwards along the mountain, into the fastnesses of the district of Kinel-Fheichin, and stayed in the ready huts they had been before. The Earl's sons, the Baron of Dunkellin and Sir Thomas Burke, arrived in the district in pursuit of them, at the head of many forces, and pitched.The Earl of Clanrickard wasn't in this camp because he was attacked by a fit of sickness and a severe disease the week before, so that he wouldn't be able to go on an expedition. After receiving information that Teige O'Brien was badly wounded in the camp of <mask> Burke, the Baron of Dunkellin sent him a protection in order to help the Queen. One of the Earl's castles was sent to the Baron by escort. He died there and was buried there in one week. This young scion was lost to the country. He was the expert on every warlike weapon and military engine used by the Irish. He was full of energy and animation, and was distinguished for his agility, expertness, mildness, comeliness, and renown.The camps in the district of Kinel-Fheichin were guarded against each other daily from the festival of St. Patrick to the end of the month of April, when the provisions and stores of flesh meat of the sons of John Burke began. Donnell was the son of John and was going across the Suck. Many people were slain between the sons of the Earl and they continued to pursue them. The sons of John Burke went to O'Donnell, and the sons of the Earl went back to their country. Red Hugh O'Donnell was at Kinsale with chiefs William and <mask>. In the aftermath of the battle, it was decided that O'Donnell, <mask>, and Captain Hugh Mus should go to Spain to complain of their distresses and difficulties to the King of Spain. The chiefs left some of their neighbours to plunder it in their absence, including Captain Tyrrell, the other sons of John Burke, and other gentlemen besides them.There are External links at http://www.ucc.ie/celt.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eileen%20Atkins

Eileen Atkins

Dame Eileen June Atkins, (born 15 June 1934), is an English actress and occasional screenwriter. She has worked in the theatre, film, and television consistently since 1953. In 2008, she won the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress and the Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or Movie for Cranford. She is also a three-time Olivier Award winner, winning Best Supporting Performance in 1988 (for Multiple roles) and Best Actress for The Unexpected Man (1999) and Honour (2004). She was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1990 and Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in 2001. Atkins joined the Royal Shakespeare Company in 1957 and made her Broadway debut in the 1966 production of The Killing of Sister George, for which she received the first of four Tony Award nominations for Best Actress in a Play in 1967. She received subsequent nominations for, Vivat! Vivat Regina! (1972), Indiscretions (1995) and The Retreat from Moscow (2004). Other stage credits include The Tempest (Old Vic 1962), Exit the King (Edinburgh Festival and Royal Court 1963), The Promise (New York 1967), The Night of the Tribades (New York 1977), Medea (Young Vic 1985), A Delicate Balance (Haymarket, West End 1997) and Doubt (New York 2006). Atkins co-created the television dramas Upstairs, Downstairs (1971–1975) and The House of Elliot (1991–1993) with Jean Marsh. She also wrote the screenplay for the 1997 film Mrs Dalloway. Her film appearances include I Don't Want to Be Born (1975), Equus (1977), The Dresser (1983), Let Him Have It (1991), Wolf (1994), Jack and Sarah (1995), Gosford Park (2001), Cold Mountain (2003), Vanity Fair (2004), Scenes of a Sexual Nature (2006), Evening (2007), Last Chance Harvey (2008), Robin Hood (2010) and Magic in the Moonlight (2014). Early life Atkins was born in the Mothers' Hospital in Lower Clapton, a Salvation Army maternity hospital in East London. Her mother, Annie Ellen (née Elkins), was a barmaid who was 46 when Eileen was born, and her father, Arthur Thomas Atkins, was a gas meter reader who was previously under-chauffeur to the Portuguese Ambassador. She was the third child in the family and when she was born the family moved to a council home in Tottenham. Her father did not, in fact, know how to drive and was responsible, as under-chauffeur, mainly for cleaning the car. At the time Eileen was born, her mother worked in a factory the whole day and then as a barmaid in the Elephant & Castle at night. When Eileen was three, a Gypsy woman came to their door selling lucky heather and clothes pegs. She saw little Eileen and told her mother that her daughter would be a famous dancer. Her mother promptly enrolled her in a dance class. Although she hated it, she studied dancing from age 3 to 15 or 16. From age 7 to 15, which covered the last four years of the Second World War (1941–45), she danced in working men's club circuits for 15 shillings a time as "Baby Eileen". During the war, she performed as well at London's Stage Door canteen for American troops and sang songs like "Yankee Doodle." At one time she was attending dance class four or five times a week. Once, when she was given a line to recite, someone told her mother that she had a Cockney accent. Her mother was appalled but speech lessons were too expensive for the family. Fortunately, a woman took interest in her and paid for her to be educated at Parkside Preparatory School in Tottenham. Eileen Atkins has since publicly credited the Principal, Miss D. M. Hall, for the wise and firm guidance under which her character developed. From Parkside she went on to The Latymer School, a grammar school in Edmonton, London. By 12, she was a professional in panto in Clapham and Kilburn. One of her grammar school teachers who used to give them religious instruction, a Rev. Michael Burton, spotted her potential and, without charge, rigorously drilled away her Cockney accent. He also introduced her to the works of William Shakespeare. She studied under him for two years. When she was 14 or 15 and still at Latymer's, she also attended "drama demonstration" sessions twice a year with this same teacher. At around this time (though some sources say she was 12), her first encounter with Robert Atkins took place. She was taken to see Atkins' production of King John at the Regent's Park Open Air Theatre. She wrote to him saying that the boy who played Prince Arthur was not good enough and that she could do better. Robert Atkins wrote back and asked that she come to see him. On the day they met, Atkins thought she was a shop girl and not a school girl. She gave a little prince speech and he told her to go to drama school and come back when she was grown up. Rev. Burton came to an agreement with Eileen's parents that he would try to get her a scholarship for one drama school and that if she did not get the scholarship he would arrange for her to do a teaching course in some other drama school. Her parents were not at all keen on the fact that she would stay in school until 16 as her sister had left at 14 and her brother at 15 but somehow they were persuaded. Eileen was in Latymer's until 16. Out of 300 applicants for a RADA scholarship, she got down to the last three but was not selected, so she did a three-year course on teaching at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama. But, although she was taking the teaching course, she also attended drama classes and in fact performed in three plays in her last year. This was in the early 1950s. In her third and last year she had to teach once a week, an experience she later said she hated. She graduated from Guildhall in 1953. As soon as she left Guildhall she got her first job with Robert Atkins in 1953: as Jaquenetta in Love's Labour's Lost at the same Regent's Park Open Air Theatre where she was brought to see Robert Atkins' King John production years before. She was also, very briefly, an assistant stage manager at the Oxford Playhouse until Peter Hall fired her for impudence. She was also part of repertory companies performing in Billy Butlin's holiday camp in Skegness, Lincolnshire. It was there when she met Julian Glover. It took nine years (1953–62) before she was working steadily. Stage She joined the Guild Players Repertory Company in Bangor, County Down, Northern Ireland, as a professional actress in 1952. She appeared as the nurse in Harvey at the Repertory Theatre, Bangor, in 1952. In 1953 she appeared as an attendant in Love's Labours Lost at the Regent's Park Open Air Theatre. Her London stage debut was in 1953 as Jaquenetta in Robert Atkins's staging of Love's Labour's Lost at the Open Air Theatre in Regent's Park. Atkins has regularly returned to the life and work of Virginia Woolf for professional inspiration. She has played the writer on stage in Patrick Garland's adaptation of A Room of One's Own and also in Vita and Virginia, winning the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding One-Person Show and an Obie Award for A Room of One's Own in which she also played in the 1990 television version; she also provided the screenplay for the 1997 film adaptation of Woolf's novel Mrs. Dalloway, and made a cameo appearance in the 2002 film version of Michael Cunningham's Woolf-themed novel, The Hours. Atkins joined the Royal Shakespeare Company in 1957 and stayed for two seasons. She was with the Old Vic in its 1961–62 season (she appeared in the Old Vic's Repertoire Leaflets of February–April 1962 and April–May 1962). Film and television She appeared as Maggie Clayhanger in all six episodes of Arnold Bennett's Hilda Lessways from 15 May to 19 June 1959, produced by the BBC Midlands with Judi Dench and Brian Smith. In the 1960 Shakespeare production An Age of Kings she played Joan of Arc. She helped create two television series. Along with fellow actress, Jean Marsh, she created the concept for an original television series, Behind the Green Baize Door, which became the award-winning ITV series Upstairs, Downstairs (1971–75). Marsh played maid Rose for the duration of the series but Atkins was unable to accept a part because of stage commitments. The same team was also responsible for the BBC series The House of Eliott (1991–93). Her film and television work includes Sons and Lovers (1981), Smiley's People (1982), Oliver Twist (1982), Titus Andronicus (1985), A Better Class of Person (1985), Roman Holiday (1987), The Lost Language of Cranes (1991), Cold Comfort Farm (1995), Talking Heads (1998), Madame Bovary (2000), David Copperfield (2000), Wit (2001) and Bertie and Elizabeth (2002), Cold Mountain (2003), What a Girl Wants (2003), Vanity Fair (2004), Ballet Shoes (2005) and Ask the Dust (2006). In the autumn of 2007, she co-starred with Dame Judi Dench and Sir Michael Gambon in the BBC One drama Cranford playing the central role of Miss Deborah Jenkyns. This performance earned her the 2008 BAFTA Award for best actress, as well as the Emmy Award. In September 2007 she played Abigail Dusniak in Waking the Dead Yahrzeit (S6:E11-12). In 2009 Atkins played the evil Nurse Edwina Kenchington in the BBC Two black comedy Psychoville. Atkins replaced Vanessa Redgrave as Eleanor of Aquitaine in the blockbuster movie Robin Hood, starring Russell Crowe, which was released in the UK in May 2010. The same year, she played Louisa in the dark comedy film, Wild Target. Atkins and Jean Marsh, creators of the original 1970s series of Upstairs, Downstairs, were among the cast of a new BBC adaptation, shown over the winter of 2010–11. The new series is set in 1936. Marsh again played Rose while Atkins was cast as the redoubtable Maud, Lady Holland. In August 2011, it was revealed that Atkins had decided not to continue to take part as she was unhappy with the scripts. In September 2011, Atkins joined the cast of ITV comedy-drama series Doc Martin playing the title character's aunt, Ruth Ellingham. She returned as Aunt Ruth for the show's sixth series in September 2013, the seventh in September 2015 and eighth in September 2017. Atkins starred as Lady Spence with Matthew Rhys in an adaptation of Daphne du Maurier's The Scapegoat, shown in September 2012. She has portrayed Queen Mary on two occasions, in the 2002 television film Bertie and Elizabeth and in the 2016 Netflix-produced television series The Crown. Atkins portrayed graduate school professor Evelyn Ashford to Vivian Bearing (Emma Thompson) in the film Wit. Wit is a 2001 American television movie directed by Mike Nichols. The teleplay by Nichols and Emma Thompson is based on the 1999 Pulitzer Prize winning play of the same title by Margaret Edson. The film was shown at the Berlin International Film Festival on 9 February 2001 before being broadcast by HBO on 24 March. It was shown at the Edinburgh Film Festival and the Warsaw Film Festival later in the year. Radio Atkins had a guest role in BBC Radio 4's long-running rural soap The Archers in September 2016, playing Jacqui, the juror who persuades her fellow jurors to acquit Helen Titchener (née Archer) of the charge of attempted murder and wounding with intent of her abusive husband, Rob. Personal life Atkins was married to actor Julian Glover in 1957; they divorced in 1966. (A day after his divorce, Glover married actress Isla Blair.) She married her second husband, Bill Shepherd, on 2 February 1978. Shepherd died on 24 June 2016. In 1997, she wrote the screenplay for Mrs Dalloway, starring Vanessa Redgrave. The film received excellent reviews but was a box-office failure. This was a financial disaster for Atkins and her husband, who had invested in the film. She said of this incident: "I have to work. I was nearly bankrupted over Mrs Dalloway, and if you are nearly bankrupted, you are in trouble for the rest of your life. I don't have a pension. In any case, it doesn't hurt me to work. I think it's quite good, actually." "All through my career, I have tried to do new work, but there is a problem in the West End as far as new work is concerned. As a theatregoer, I get bored with seeing the same old plays again and again. I felt terrible the other night because I bumped into Greta Scacchi and she asked me if I was coming to see her in The Deep Blue Sea. I said, 'Greta, I'm so old, I've seen it so many times. I've seen it with Peggy Ashcroft, with Vivien Leigh, with Googie Withers, with Penelope Wilton and I played it myself when I was 19. I can't bring myself to see it again.' She was very sweet about it." In 1995, Atkins was diagnosed with breast cancer and treated for the condition. She has recovered. Living alone in widowhood during the COVID lockdown, Atkins completed in 2021 at age 87 her autobiography Will She Do? and read an abridged version on BBC Radio 4. Filmography Film Television Theatre Honours Atkins was created a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1990. She was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) on her 67th birthday, 16 June 2001. On 23 June 2010, she was awarded the degree of Doctor of Letters, honoris causa, by Oxford University. On 5 December 2005 she received the degree of Doctor of Arts, honoris causa, from City University London. She is a member of the American Theater Hall of Fame; she was inducted in 1998. Awards and nominations Theatre Awards Tony Awards Drama Desk Awards Olivier Awards Film and Television Awards References External links Eileen Atkins at tcm.com Eileen Atkins interviewed by Beth Stevens about performing in Doubt on Broadway Eileen Atkins interviewed on Theater Talk about performing in Doubt on Broadway Performance details listed at the Theatre Collection archive, University of Bristol 1934 births Living people Actresses awarded British damehoods Alumni of the Guildhall School of Music and Drama Best Actress BAFTA Award (television) winners Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire Drama Desk Award winners English film actresses English stage actresses English television actresses Actresses from London Laurence Olivier Award winners Outstanding Performance by a Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or Movie Primetime Emmy Award winners Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Screen Actors Guild Award winners Royal Shakespeare Company members English Shakespearean actresses People educated at The Latymer School English women writers British women screenwriters English screenwriters 20th-century English actresses 21st-century English actresses Writers from London

Dame <mask>, (born 15 June 1934), is an English actress and occasional screenwriter. She has worked in the theatre, film, and television consistently since 1953. In 2008, she won the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress and the Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or Movie for Cranford. She is also a three-time Olivier Award winner, winning Best Supporting Performance in 1988 (for Multiple roles) and Best Actress for The Unexpected Man (1999) and Honour (2004). She was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1990 and Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in 2001. <mask> joined the Royal Shakespeare Company in 1957 and made her Broadway debut in the 1966 production of The Killing of Sister George, for which she received the first of four Tony Award nominations for Best Actress in a Play in 1967. She received subsequent nominations for, Vivat!Vivat Regina! (1972), Indiscretions (1995) and The Retreat from Moscow (2004). Other stage credits include The Tempest (Old Vic 1962), Exit the King (Edinburgh Festival and Royal Court 1963), The Promise (New York 1967), The Night of the Tribades (New York 1977), Medea (Young Vic 1985), A Delicate Balance (Haymarket, West End 1997) and Doubt (New York 2006). <mask> co-created the television dramas Upstairs, Downstairs (1971–1975) and The House of Elliot (1991–1993) with Jean Marsh. She also wrote the screenplay for the 1997 film Mrs Dalloway. Her film appearances include I Don't Want to Be Born (1975), Equus (1977), The Dresser (1983), Let Him Have It (1991), Wolf (1994), Jack and Sarah (1995), Gosford Park (2001), Cold Mountain (2003), Vanity Fair (2004), Scenes of a Sexual Nature (2006), Evening (2007), Last Chance Harvey (2008), Robin Hood (2010) and Magic in the Moonlight (2014). Early life <mask> was born in the Mothers' Hospital in Lower Clapton, a Salvation Army maternity hospital in East London.Her mother, Annie Ellen (née Elkins), was a barmaid who was 46 when <mask> was born, and her father, Arthur Thomas <mask>, was a gas meter reader who was previously under-chauffeur to the Portuguese Ambassador. She was the third child in the family and when she was born the family moved to a council home in Tottenham. Her father did not, in fact, know how to drive and was responsible, as under-chauffeur, mainly for cleaning the car. At the time <mask> was born, her mother worked in a factory the whole day and then as a barmaid in the Elephant & Castle at night. When <mask> was three, a Gypsy woman came to their door selling lucky heather and clothes pegs. She saw little <mask> and told her mother that her daughter would be a famous dancer. Her mother promptly enrolled her in a dance class.Although she hated it, she studied dancing from age 3 to 15 or 16. From age 7 to 15, which covered the last four years of the Second World War (1941–45), she danced in working men's club circuits for 15 shillings a time as "Baby Eileen". During the war, she performed as well at London's Stage Door canteen for American troops and sang songs like "Yankee Doodle." At one time she was attending dance class four or five times a week. Once, when she was given a line to recite, someone told her mother that she had a Cockney accent. Her mother was appalled but speech lessons were too expensive for the family. Fortunately, a woman took interest in her and paid for her to be educated at Parkside Preparatory School in Tottenham.<mask> has since publicly credited the Principal, Miss D. M. Hall, for the wise and firm guidance under which her character developed. From Parkside she went on to The Latymer School, a grammar school in Edmonton, London. By 12, she was a professional in panto in Clapham and Kilburn. One of her grammar school teachers who used to give them religious instruction, a Rev. Michael Burton, spotted her potential and, without charge, rigorously drilled away her Cockney accent. He also introduced her to the works of William Shakespeare. She studied under him for two years.When she was 14 or 15 and still at Latymer's, she also attended "drama demonstration" sessions twice a year with this same teacher. At around this time (though some sources say she was 12), her first encounter with <mask> took place. She was taken to see <mask>' production of King John at the Regent's Park Open Air Theatre. She wrote to him saying that the boy who played Prince Arthur was not good enough and that she could do better. <mask> wrote back and asked that she come to see him. On the day they met, <mask> thought she was a shop girl and not a school girl. She gave a little prince speech and he told her to go to drama school and come back when she was grown up.Rev. Burton came to an agreement with <mask>'s parents that he would try to get her a scholarship for one drama school and that if she did not get the scholarship he would arrange for her to do a teaching course in some other drama school. Her parents were not at all keen on the fact that she would stay in school until 16 as her sister had left at 14 and her brother at 15 but somehow they were persuaded. <mask> was in Latymer's until 16. Out of 300 applicants for a RADA scholarship, she got down to the last three but was not selected, so she did a three-year course on teaching at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama. But, although she was taking the teaching course, she also attended drama classes and in fact performed in three plays in her last year. This was in the early 1950s.In her third and last year she had to teach once a week, an experience she later said she hated. She graduated from Guildhall in 1953. As soon as she left Guildhall she got her first job with <mask> in 1953: as Jaquenetta in Love's Labour's Lost at the same Regent's Park Open Air Theatre where she was brought to see <mask>' King John production years before. She was also, very briefly, an assistant stage manager at the Oxford Playhouse until Peter Hall fired her for impudence. She was also part of repertory companies performing in Billy Butlin's holiday camp in Skegness, Lincolnshire. It was there when she met Julian Glover. It took nine years (1953–62) before she was working steadily.Stage She joined the Guild Players Repertory Company in Bangor, County Down, Northern Ireland, as a professional actress in 1952. She appeared as the nurse in Harvey at the Repertory Theatre, Bangor, in 1952. In 1953 she appeared as an attendant in Love's Labours Lost at the Regent's Park Open Air Theatre. Her London stage debut was in 1953 as Jaquenetta in <mask>'s staging of Love's Labour's Lost at the Open Air Theatre in Regent's Park. <mask> has regularly returned to the life and work of Virginia Woolf for professional inspiration. She has played the writer on stage in Patrick Garland's adaptation of A Room of One's Own and also in Vita and Virginia, winning the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding One-Person Show and an Obie Award for A Room of One's Own in which she also played in the 1990 television version; she also provided the screenplay for the 1997 film adaptation of Woolf's novel Mrs. Dalloway, and made a cameo appearance in the 2002 film version of Michael Cunningham's Woolf-themed novel, The Hours. <mask> joined the Royal Shakespeare Company in 1957 and stayed for two seasons.She was with the Old Vic in its 1961–62 season (she appeared in the Old Vic's Repertoire Leaflets of February–April 1962 and April–May 1962). Film and television She appeared as Maggie Clayhanger in all six episodes of Arnold Bennett's Hilda Lessways from 15 May to 19 June 1959, produced by the BBC Midlands with Judi Dench and Brian Smith. In the 1960 Shakespeare production An Age of Kings she played Joan of Arc. She helped create two television series. Along with fellow actress, Jean Marsh, she created the concept for an original television series, Behind the Green Baize Door, which became the award-winning ITV series Upstairs, Downstairs (1971–75). Marsh played maid Rose for the duration of the series but <mask> was unable to accept a part because of stage commitments. The same team was also responsible for the BBC series The House of Eliott (1991–93).Her film and television work includes Sons and Lovers (1981), Smiley's People (1982), Oliver Twist (1982), Titus Andronicus (1985), A Better Class of Person (1985), Roman Holiday (1987), The Lost Language of Cranes (1991), Cold Comfort Farm (1995), Talking Heads (1998), Madame Bovary (2000), David Copperfield (2000), Wit (2001) and Bertie and Elizabeth (2002), Cold Mountain (2003), What a Girl Wants (2003), Vanity Fair (2004), Ballet Shoes (2005) and Ask the Dust (2006). In the autumn of 2007, she co-starred with Dame Judi Dench and Sir Michael Gambon in the BBC One drama Cranford playing the central role of Miss Deborah Jenkyns. This performance earned her the 2008 BAFTA Award for best actress, as well as the Emmy Award. In September 2007 she played Abigail Dusniak in Waking the Dead Yahrzeit (S6:E11-12). In 2009 <mask> played the evil Nurse Edwina Kenchington in the BBC Two black comedy Psychoville. <mask> replaced Vanessa Redgrave as Eleanor of Aquitaine in the blockbuster movie Robin Hood, starring Russell Crowe, which was released in the UK in May 2010. The same year, she played Louisa in the dark comedy film, Wild Target.<mask> and Jean Marsh, creators of the original 1970s series of Upstairs, Downstairs, were among the cast of a new BBC adaptation, shown over the winter of 2010–11. The new series is set in 1936. Marsh again played Rose while <mask> was cast as the redoubtable Maud, Lady Holland. In August 2011, it was revealed that <mask> had decided not to continue to take part as she was unhappy with the scripts. In September 2011, <mask> joined the cast of ITV comedy-drama series Doc Martin playing the title character's aunt, Ruth Ellingham. She returned as Aunt Ruth for the show's sixth series in September 2013, the seventh in September 2015 and eighth in September 2017. <mask> starred as Lady Spence with Matthew Rhys in an adaptation of Daphne du Maurier's The Scapegoat, shown in September 2012.She has portrayed Queen Mary on two occasions, in the 2002 television film Bertie and Elizabeth and in the 2016 Netflix-produced television series The Crown. <mask> portrayed graduate school professor Evelyn Ashford to Vivian Bearing (Emma Thompson) in the film Wit. Wit is a 2001 American television movie directed by Mike Nichols. The teleplay by Nichols and Emma Thompson is based on the 1999 Pulitzer Prize winning play of the same title by Margaret Edson. The film was shown at the Berlin International Film Festival on 9 February 2001 before being broadcast by HBO on 24 March. It was shown at the Edinburgh Film Festival and the Warsaw Film Festival later in the year. <mask> had a guest role in BBC Radio 4's long-running rural soap The Archers in September 2016, playing Jacqui, the juror who persuades her fellow jurors to acquit Helen Titchener (née Archer) of the charge of attempted murder and wounding with intent of her abusive husband, Rob.Personal life <mask> was married to actor Julian Glover in 1957; they divorced in 1966. (A day after his divorce, Glover married actress Isla Blair.) She married her second husband, Bill Shepherd, on 2 February 1978. Shepherd died on 24 June 2016. In 1997, she wrote the screenplay for Mrs Dalloway, starring Vanessa Redgrave. The film received excellent reviews but was a box-office failure. This was a financial disaster for <mask> and her husband, who had invested in the film.She said of this incident: "I have to work. I was nearly bankrupted over Mrs Dalloway, and if you are nearly bankrupted, you are in trouble for the rest of your life. I don't have a pension. In any case, it doesn't hurt me to work. I think it's quite good, actually." "All through my career, I have tried to do new work, but there is a problem in the West End as far as new work is concerned. As a theatregoer, I get bored with seeing the same old plays again and again.I felt terrible the other night because I bumped into Greta Scacchi and she asked me if I was coming to see her in The Deep Blue Sea. I said, 'Greta, I'm so old, I've seen it so many times. I've seen it with Peggy Ashcroft, with Vivien Leigh, with Googie Withers, with Penelope Wilton and I played it myself when I was 19. I can't bring myself to see it again.' She was very sweet about it." In 1995, <mask> was diagnosed with breast cancer and treated for the condition. She has recovered.Living alone in widowhood during the COVID lockdown, <mask> completed in 2021 at age 87 her autobiography Will She Do? and read an abridged version on BBC Radio 4. Filmography Film Television Theatre Honours <mask> was created a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1990. She was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) on her 67th birthday, 16 June 2001. On 23 June 2010, she was awarded the degree of Doctor of Letters, honoris causa, by Oxford University. On 5 December 2005 she received the degree of Doctor of Arts, honoris causa, from City University London. She is a member of the American Theater Hall of Fame; she was inducted in 1998.Awards and nominations Theatre Awards Tony Awards Drama Desk Awards Olivier Awards Film and Television Awards References External links <mask> at tcm.com <mask> interviewed by Beth Stevens about performing in Doubt on Broadway <mask> interviewed on Theater Talk about performing in Doubt on Broadway Performance details listed at the Theatre Collection archive, University of Bristol 1934 births Living people Actresses awarded British damehoods Alumni of the Guildhall School of Music and Drama Best Actress BAFTA Award (television) winners Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire Drama Desk Award winners English film actresses English stage actresses English television actresses Actresses from London Laurence Olivier Award winners Outstanding Performance by a Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or Movie Primetime Emmy Award winners Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Screen Actors Guild Award winners Royal Shakespeare Company members English Shakespearean actresses People educated at The Latymer School English women writers British women screenwriters English screenwriters 20th-century English actresses 21st-century English actresses Writers from London

Dame <mask> is an English actress and occasional screenwriter. Since 1953, she has worked in film, theatre, and television. She won two awards in 2008, one for Best Actress and one for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or Movie. She won Best Supporting Performance in 1988 for Multiple roles and Best Actress in 1999 for The Unexpected Man. She was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1990 and Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 2001. In 1966 she received the first of four Tony Award nominations for Best Actress in a Play for her performance in the Broadway production of The Killing of Sister George. She was nominated for Vivat!Vivat Regina! The Retreat from Moscow was released in 2004. The Promise, The Night of the Tribades, and A Delicate Balance are all stage credits. Upstairs, Downstairs and The House of Elliot were created by <mask> and Jean Marsh. The 1997 film Mrs Dalloway was written by her. Her film appearances include I Don't Want to be Born 1975, The Dresser 1983, Let Him Have It 1991, Wolf (1994), Jack and Sarah (1995), Gosford Park (2001), Cold Mountain 2003 and Evening 2007. The Mothers' Hospital is a Salvation Army maternity hospital in East London.<mask>'s mother was a barmaid who was 46 when she was born, and her father was a gas meter reader who was previously under-chauffeur to the Portuguese Ambassador. She was the third child in the family and the family moved to a council home. Her father was responsible for cleaning the car because he didn't know how to drive. <mask>'s mother worked all day in a factory and at night as a barmaid in the Elephant & Castle. There was a woman who came to <mask>'s door when she was three. She told her mother that <mask> would be a famous dancer. Her mother took her to a dance class.She studied dancing from age 3 to 16. During the last four years of the Second World War, she danced in men's club circuits for 15 shillings a time. She sang "Yankee Doodle" at the Stage Door canteen for American troops during the war. She used to attend dance class four or five times a week. Someone told her mother that she had a Cockney accent when she was given a line to recite. Speech lessons were too expensive for the family. The woman who took interest in her paid for her to attend the school.The Principal, Miss D. M. Hall, has been credited with the wise and firm guidance of <mask>'s character. She attended The Latymer School in London. She was a professional in panto by the age of 12. One of her teachers used to give religious instruction to her students. Her Cockney accent was drilled away without charge by Michael Burton. She was introduced to the works of William Shakespeare. She studied under him for two years.She attended drama demonstration sessions with the same teacher twice a year when she was at Latymer's. She had her first encounter with <mask> around this time. She saw the production of King John at the Regent's Park Open Air Theatre. She said that the boy who played Prince Arthur was not good enough and that she could do better. Robert asked if she would come to see him. <mask> thought she was a school girl when they met. She was told to go to drama school by the prince after he gave her a speech.Rev. Burton had an agreement with <mask>'s parents that he would try to get her a scholarship for a drama school if she didn't get it, and that he would arrange for her to do a teaching course in another drama school if she didn't get it. Her parents didn't like the fact that she would stay in school until 16 as her sister had left at 14 and her brother at 15 but they were persuaded. <mask> was at Latymer's until 16. She did a three-year course on teaching at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama after she was not selected for a RADA scholarship. She attended drama classes and performed in three plays in her last year, even though she was taking the teaching course. This happened in the early 1950s.She had to teach once a week in her third and last year. She graduated from Guildhall in 1953. She got her first job as Jaquenetta in Love's Labour's Lost at the Regent's Park Open Air Theatre as soon as she left the Guildhall. Peter Hall fired her for impudence when she was an assistant stage manager at the Oxford Playhouse. She was in Billy Butlin's holiday camp in Skegness. It was there when she met him. She was working steadily for nine years.She joined the Guild Players Repertory Company in Bangor, County Down, Northern Ireland in 1952 as a professional actress. She was a nurse in Harvey at the Repertory Theatre in Bangor. She was an attendant in Love's Labours Lost at the Regent's Park Open Air Theatre. She made her London stage debut as Jaquenetta in <mask>'s production of Love's Labour's Lost at the Open Air Theatre in Regent's Park. Virginia Woolf's life and work has been a source of inspiration for <mask>. She played the writer in Patrick Garland's adaptation of A Room of One's Own and also won an Obie Award for her performance. He stayed for two seasons at the Royal Shakespeare Company.She appeared in the Old Vic's Repertoire Leaflets in February and April of 1962. She appeared in six episodes of Arnold Bennett's Hilda Lessways from May to June 1959 and was played by Brian Smith. She played Joan of Arc in An Age of Kings. Two television series were created by her. Behind the Green Baize Door was an original television series that she and Jean Marsh created. The maid Rose was played by Marsh but she was unable to accept a part because of stage commitments. The House of Eliott was also produced by the same team.Her television work includes Roman Holiday, The Lost Language of Cranes, Cold Comfort Farm, and Madame Bovary. In the autumn of 2007, she was part of a cast that included Dame Judi Dench and Sir Michael Gambon. This performance earned her the 2008 BAFTA Award for best actress. She played a character in Waking the Dead Yahrzeit. In Psychoville, she played the evil Nurse Edwina Kenchington. The movie Robin Hood, starring Russell Crowe, was released in the UK in May 2010. She played Louisa in Wild Target.The creators of the original 1970s series of Upstairs, Downstairs were among the cast of a new adaptation. The new series is set in 1936. <mask> was cast as the redoubtable Maud, Lady Holland, while Marsh was cast as Rose. In August of 2011, it was revealed that <mask> had decided not to take part as she was unhappy with the script. In September of 2011, she joined the cast of Doc Martin as Ruth Ellingham, the aunt of the title character. She reprised her role as Aunt Ruth for the show's eighth series in September. The Scapegoat was shown in September 2012 as an adaptation of the novel.She played Queen Mary on two occasions, in the 2002 film Bertie and Elizabeth and in the 2016 series The Crown. Evelyn Ashford was a graduate school professor in the film Wit. Mike Nichols directed Wit, a 2001 American television movie. The teleplay is based on a 1999 Pulitzer Prize winning play by Margaret Edson. The film was shown at the Berlin International Film Festival on February 9, 2001 before being aired on March 24, 2001. At the Edinburgh Film Festival and the Warsaw Film Festival, it was shown. There was a guest role in the long-running rural soap The Archers in September 2016 as the juror who persuaded her fellow jurors to acquit Helen Titchener of the charge of attempted murder and wounding with intent of her abusive husband.In 1957, she was married to an actor, but they divorced in 1966. A day after his divorce, he married an actress. Bill Shepherd was her second husband. Shepherd passed away on June 24, 2016 She wrote the script for Mrs Dalloway. The film was a flop at the box office. This was a financial disaster for the couple, who invested in the film.She said that she had to work. You are in trouble for the rest of your life if you are nearly bankrupted. I don't have a pension. It doesn't hurt me to work. I think it's good. There is a problem in the West End when it comes to new work. I get bored watching the same plays over and over.I bumped into Scacchi and she asked me if I was going to see her in The Deep Blue Sea. I said, "Greta, I've seen it many times." I played it myself when I was 19, but I've seen it with other people. I don't want to see it again. She was very nice about it. In 1995 she was diagnosed with breast cancer. She has recovered.At the age of 87, <mask> completed her memoir Will She Do?, which was written while she was living alone in widowhood. You can listen to an abbreviated version on the radio. The British Empire created a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1990. She was made a Dame Commander of the British Empire on her 67th birthday. She received her degree from Oxford University on June 23, 2010. She received her degree from City University London on December 5, 2005. She was a member of the American Theater Hall of Fame.Performance details for Doubt on Broadway are listed at the Theatre Collection archive.