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The Blue Whale Challenge, also called Blue Whale game, or simply Blue whale is an internet phenomenon that started in 2016, in Russia. Over a period of 50 days, participants are assigned tasks. Each participant gets one task a day. At first, the tasks are harmless (such as: get up at 4.30am, and watch a horror movie). Later, the tasks require the participants to hurt themselves. The final task requires the player to commit suicide.
When people want to quit, they are threatened. Sometimes, this includes threats to the family of the participant.
The first to report on this was the Russian newspaper Novaya Gazeta, in 2016. It linked many suicides of children. All these children had been members of the group "F57", in the Russian social network called VK. The article claimed there were 130 suicides because of the challenge. The article was later criticized, because it made connections where none existed. None of the suicides were found to be related to the activities of the group. There were several suicides which have been linked to the challenge. So far, no link has been proven.
Notable cases
Two girls in Irkutslk, aged 14 and 15 years committed suicide together, after solving 50 tasks. They jumped off a building. Another 14 year old threw herself in front of a train. |
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Nick Fuentes is an American paleoconservative Christian nationalist who says that there is no difference between being a nationalist and being a white nationalist.
Life
Fuentes was born in 1998. In 2016, he voted for Donald Trump as President of the United States. Fuentes later dropped out of college and went to Charlottesville to protest taking down a statue of Robert E. Lee.
Political Positions
Fuentes says he's not on the Alt-right and calls himself an America Firster or a Groyper. Fuentes once implied that he didn't believe that the Holocaust happened but then said he was just telling a joke because "I'm an irony bro". Fuentes said that he thought women voting was a bad idea and that miscegenation was almost as bad as bestiality. Fuentes said that people should stop complaining about segregation because "it was better for us, it was better for them". Fuentes said that a man should beat up his wife if she "deserves it". Fuentes joked about wanting to kill Ben Shapiro. Fuentes said that Matt Walsh from The Daily Wire was a "Shabbos goy race traitor" and called Dave Rubin "Jewy Jewinstein" and criticized Rubin for being "gay and Jewish". Fuentes called Jordan Peterson a "glorified self-help guru". Fuentes also said that Steven Crowder was an "open borders cuck" and had his supporters shout down Candace Owens and Donald Trump Jr. at Turning Point USA for supporting legal immigration. Fuentes also criticized the Republican Party of the United States for supporting Israel. When Donald Trump said that white supremacy was bad, Fuentes said that Trump shouldn't have said that and that saying that was "cucked and blue pilled". Fuentes supported the riot in January 6th 2021.
Fuentes also supported the Russian invasion of Ukraine and said that Vladimir Putin being like Hitler in Ukraine wouldn't be a bad thing.
Associations
Both Paul Gosar and Marjorie Taylor Greene caused controversy by going to events with Fuentes. In 2022, Fuentes went to Maralago and had a meal with Donald Trump, Milo Yiannopoulos and Kanye West.
Timcast interview
When Fuentes, Yiannopoulos and West went on Tim Pool's podcast and said that the Jews control the news media Tim Pool said that this wasn't true so West left the interview and then Fuentes also did.
Alex Jones Interview
Fuentes went on Alex Jones's show with Kanye West and they both complained about Tim Pool not wanting them to complain about the Jews with West saying that he liked Hitler.
Living people |
1. Introduction {#sec1-ijerph-17-00986}
===============
On Sunday, 17 March 2019, at approximately 10 a.m., a storage tank containing naphtha caught fire at the Intercontinental Terminals Company (ITC) Deer Park facility, a storage facility for petroleum liquids and gases operating in Deer Park, Texas, since 1972 (see [Figure 1](#ijerph-17-00986-f001){ref-type="fig"}). The fire spread to other tanks over the ensuing six days \[[@B1-ijerph-17-00986]\], during which a blackened plume including toxic gases (e.g., benzene) and particulate matter (PM) traveled from Deer Park, Texas (TX) to other surrounding communities. Within five days of the fire, schools were canceled and several Shelter-In-Place orders were issued for Deer Park and nearby communities, raising concerns about the environmental health impacts of the fire \[[@B2-ijerph-17-00986]\]. Of concern was the potential for increased exposures to outdoor air pollution, including particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) like benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) during the fire. These concerns were heightened when the fire re-ignited, leading to a containment wall breach that released chemicals into the Houston Ship Channel \[[@B3-ijerph-17-00986]\]. In response, we mobilized resources to rapidly conduct community air monitoring and launched a disaster research response (DR2), the Deer Park Chemical Fire (DeeP Fire) pilot study. In this study, we evaluated the impact of the fire on the health of residents living in a neighborhood close to the ITC facility and conducted air monitoring outside their homes for 6 weeks. The pilot study tested DR2 methods that utilized volunteers, a facilitated Institutional Review Board (IRB) review process, and real-time, low-cost air sensors. This brief report aims to describe our efforts to rapidly respond and communicate the findings from our community air monitoring during the fire and the DeeP Fire study.
2. Materials and Methods {#sec2-ijerph-17-00986}
========================
2.1. Community Description {#sec2dot1-ijerph-17-00986}
--------------------------
Our first response activities focused on two communities near the ITC facility: Deer Park and Jacinto City. Deer Park is located within three miles southwest of ITC and is approximately 20 miles east of Houston. Jacinto City, where the black smoke plume traveled while the fire burned, is about 10 miles northwest of ITC and 8 miles east of Houston, surrounded by major highways and railroads (See [Figure 2](#ijerph-17-00986-f002){ref-type="fig"}). Both cities are predominantly white, with more residents identifying as Hispanic in Jacinto City than in Deer Park (76% versus 33%, respectively) \[[@B4-ijerph-17-00986]\]. In Deer Park, about 12% of the population has an annual household income of \$25,000 or less while Jacinto City is more socioeconomically disadvantaged, with approximately 46% of the population earning \$25,000 or less in annual household income.
2.2. Community Air Monitoring in Deer Park and Jacinto City During the Fire {#sec2dot2-ijerph-17-00986}
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
During the fire and the five days after it was extinguished, we rapidly launched community air sampling to monitor a suite of air pollutants in two communities (see [Figure 1](#ijerph-17-00986-f001){ref-type="fig"}). On 19 March, while the fire was spreading to multiple storage tanks, we surveilled the surrounding neighborhoods near the facility using handheld real-time air sensors to assess air quality and determine the fixed sampling locations for the ensuing days (e.g., empty curbside lot or school parking lot). On 20 and 27 March, we conducted about four hours of real-time air monitoring in Deer Park and Jacinto City, measuring total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), fine particulate matter (PM~2.5~), black carbon (BC), and ultra-fine particles (UFPs) using a ppbRAE (RAE Systems, San Jose, CA, USA), a Grimm 11-R (GRIMM Aerosol Technik, Ainring, Germany), an AE51 (Aethlabs, San Francisco, CA, USA) and a Condensation Particle Counter (CPC) 3007 (TSI Inc., Shoreview, MN, USA), respectively, with 1-min logging intervals except for BC (5-min interval). The ppbRAE is a compact handheld monitor and datalogger for monitoring TVOCs using a photoionization detector with a 10.6 eV UV-discharge lamp. The Grimm 11-R is a handheld laser optic spectrometer to monitor particles ranging from 0.25 to 32 µm into 31 size bins. We report PM~2.5~ mass concentrations (size bin ≤2.5 µm) in this study. The AE51 is a pocket-size device measuring aerosol BC with an absorbance of wavelength at 880 nm. The CPC 3007 monitors number of particles using a laser light source, with a size range of 0.01 to \>1.0 µm. These handheld direct reading instruments were fully charged overnight before field deployment. Following the manufacturer's protocols, all operating parameters (e.g., flow rates and zero calibration) were checked before sampling began. Sampling was conducted simultaneously in two communities and all sampling devices were placed on folding tables, approximately 1.2 m from ground level.
2.3. DR2 Pilot Study in Deer Park a Month after the Fire {#sec2dot3-ijerph-17-00986}
--------------------------------------------------------
We issued a wide call for volunteers and launched the DeeP Fire Study to assess immediate environmental health effects following the fire. The DeeP Fire Study consisted of an interviewer-administered health survey and residential outdoor air monitoring. Because of limited resources and limited bilingual field staff, we focused this study on Deer Park and defined a buffer zone of approximately 300 households in a residential area closest to the facility. To recruit participants into the study, we canvassed the neighborhood door-to-door and distributed flyers describing the study (with the primary objectives of administering a health survey and conducting air sampling outside the home) and participation eligibility criteria (residents living in the defined buffer area, ≥18 years old). The flyers included study contact information and instructed residents to contact us by phone if they were interested in participating. Within three days of distributing the flyers, 22 residents left messages expressing interest. Of these individuals, 14 (64%) responded to our call-backs and we scheduled 13 (59%) home visits. During the call-back, we explained the purpose of the study and what participation would entail, including outdoor air monitoring and answering questions about the health impacts of the fire. We also indicated that participants who completed the air sampling would receive an individualized air monitoring report at the end of the study. We scheduled a home visit with participants who verbally confirmed their interest in participating and we sent reminders via email and/or text shortly before and on the day of the home visit. During the first home visit, written informed consent was obtained by trained field staff. The DeeP Fire Study was approved by the UTHealth Institutional Review Board (IRB\# HSC-SPH-19-0241). All volunteer field staff completed human subject research ethics training and received field training on administering informed consent and the health survey, as well as on installing air sampling devices.
### 2.3.1. Residential Air Monitoring to Collect Baseline Data a Month after the Fire {#sec2dot3dot1-ijerph-17-00986}
We conducted residential outdoor air monitoring from 27 April 2019 to 12 June 2019. After obtaining informed consent, the field team staff installed air sampling devices outside each participant's home. We deployed two sampling devices: an electric-power operated real-time sensor (RESCUE, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan), which monitored TVOCs and PM~2.5~ with 5-min logging intervals for 6 weeks, and a passive diffusive sampler (3M Organic Vapor Monitor (OVM), 3M, Maplewood, MN, USA), which was deployed for 7 days for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) speciation. The RESCUE sensor device includes a light scattering laser and a metal oxide sensor for measurements of PM~2.5~ (resolution: 1 µg/m^3^) and TVOCs (resolution: 1 ppb), respectively. The air monitoring devices were located on the front porch or the patio on the backside of the house using a sampling stand near a power outlet (for the RESCUE sensor), if available. The OVM sensors were deployed at all 13 homes, whereas the RESCUE sensors were deployed at 9 homes where an outdoor power outlet was available. In total, we collected OVM samples at 12 residences and retrieved the RESCUE sensors at 8 residences as we were unable to retrieve the air sampling devices at one residence. All sampling devices were transferred to the laboratory and processed for further analyses. BTEX compounds extracted from the OVM samples were analyzed using an Agilent 6890 gas chromatography with a 5973 mass spectrometer (Agilent Technologies, Palo Alto, CA, USA) \[[@B5-ijerph-17-00986]\]. The field blank samples were used to determine method detection limits. All logged TVOCs and PM~2.5~ data were downloaded from the RESCUE sensors to a password-encrypted computer and validated. There was no gravimetric adjustment of recorded concentrations of PM~2.5~. For the community air monitoring data collected during the fire, we compared mean pollutant values between sampling days using a *t*-test, evaluated at a significance level of 0.05; for the residential air monitoring data, we generated descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, and median values). All analyses were performed using R (version 3.5.0, Vienna, Austria).
### 2.3.2. Health Survey to Assess Health Effects During and Two Weeks After the Fire {#sec2dot3dot2-ijerph-17-00986}
Between 26 April 26 and 4 May, we administered a survey during the first home visit to one adult member from each of the 13 participating households. The survey consisted of 56 questions on demographics, medical history, and perceived physical and mental health during and two weeks after the fire. We also asked residents about their interest in receiving their residential air monitoring results and participating in future studies. The questions concerning physical health addressed general health conditions diagnosed before the fire (hay fever/seasonal allergies, asthma, emphysema or chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, migraines or frequent headaches, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), kidney disease and insomnia or sleeping disorders), along with acute symptoms that may be attributed to the fire (shortness of breath, wheezing, persistent cough, nose irritation, chest pains, eye irritation, throat irritation, skin rash, frequent or severe headaches, heartburn or acid reflux, drowsiness and dizziness).
Mental health questions on the survey focused on symptoms relevant to PTSD, as well as depression and anxiety. Specifically, we adopted the World Health Organization (WHO) International Classification of Diseases, 11th version (ICD-11) Trauma Questionnaire (TQ), a self-report measure of the PTSD diagnosis \[[@B6-ijerph-17-00986]\]. The ICD-11 PTSD consists of 11 questions concerning three symptom clusters, including (1) re-experiencing of the event (RE; "having upsetting dreams", "having powerful images or memories", and "feeling very upset with the remainder of the experience"); (2) avoidance of the event reminder (AV; "avoiding internal reminders of the event" and "avoiding external reminders"); and (3) a persistent sense of threat (TH); "being super-alert" and "feeling jumpy"). Symptom endorsement score is on a Likert scale ranging from 0 to 4 ("not at all", "a little", "moderately", quite a bit", and "extremely") in response to the question "*how much you were bothered by the problem during and two weeks after the fire*?". A diagnosis of ICD-11 PTSD requires a score of ≥2 ("moderately") for at least one symptom in each of three clusters \[[@B7-ijerph-17-00986]\]. In addition, to questions about depression, we used the Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8), a validated measure including 8 of the 9 questions in the PHQ-9 \[[@B8-ijerph-17-00986]\]. Possible responses included four categories asking the number of days the respondent had experienced symptoms during the two weeks after the fire: "not at all" = 0 to 1 day; "some days" = 2 to 6 days; "more than half the days" = 7 to 11 days; and "nearly every day" = 12 to 14 days, and points were assigned from 0 to 3, respectively \[[@B9-ijerph-17-00986],[@B10-ijerph-17-00986],[@B11-ijerph-17-00986]\]. The sum score of PTSD symptoms could range between 0 to 24 points: "no significant depressive symptoms" = 0 to 4; "mild depressive symptoms" = 5 to 9; "moderately severe" = 10 to 19; and "severe" = 20 to 24. The PHQ-8 cut-point of ≥10 and PHQ-8 algorithm diagnosis of major depression were used to classify major depression \[[@B8-ijerph-17-00986],[@B10-ijerph-17-00986],[@B12-ijerph-17-00986]\]. Additionally, respondents who experienced any of the PHQ -8 symptoms at least on "some days" were further asked to rate the impact of the fire on difficulties in their daily life at home and at work, and in relationships with other people on a scale of "not difficult at all", "somewhat difficult", "very difficult", and "extremely difficult".
3. Results {#sec3-ijerph-17-00986}
==========
3.1. Impact of the ITC Fire on Community Air Quality {#sec3dot1-ijerph-17-00986}
----------------------------------------------------
[Table 1](#ijerph-17-00986-t001){ref-type="table"} shows the outdoor monitoring results in Deer Park and Jacinto City while the ITC facility was burning and five days after the fire was extinguished. Ambient air levels of TVOCs were 42%--73% higher in Deer Park while levels of PM~2.5~ (37%), BC (41%--45%) and UFP (2--8 times) were higher in Jacinto City. In both neighborhoods, levels of air pollutants were at least two times lower a week after the fire was extinguished, except for UFP concentrations in Jacinto City. The differences in mean air pollutant levels between 20 March and 27 March were significantly different (*p* \< 0.05) at both locations.
3.2. DeeP Fire Pilot Study Findings {#sec3dot2-ijerph-17-00986}
-----------------------------------
In total, 13 Deer Park residents enrolled in our study and completed the health survey. All respondents had completed more than a high school education (100%) with an average age of 53 years. Most respondents were female (92%), non-Hispanic whites (69%), non-smokers (85%), unemployed (62%), and had lived in their neighborhoods for more than five years (69%). The most-reported medical condition diagnosed before the fire was seasonal allergies (54%), followed by migraines (38%), hypertension (31%), asthma (23%), heart disease (23%), kidney disease (23%), and PTSD (8%). During the ITC fire and in the two weeks following, more than half of respondents experienced throat irritation (69%), persistent coughing (54%), and nose and eye irritation (54%), and approximately less than half of them consulted a doctor about their symptoms. The prevalence of ICD-11 PTSD was 31%, four out of the 13 respondents reported being "moderately" bothered by at least one symptom in each of the RE, AV, and TH symptom clusters. The most commonly reported PTSD symptoms were "being super-alert, watchful or on guard" (77%) in the TH cluster and "feeling upset when reminded of the ITC fire" (54%) in the RE cluster. Using the PHQ-8 cut scores of ≥10 for depression severity, nine respondents (62%) indicated no significant depressive symptoms (PHQ-8 scores = 1 to 4); three (23%) reported at least mild depressive symptoms (PHQ-8 scores = 5 to 9); and only one reported at least "moderately" depressive symptoms (PHQ-8 scores = 10 to 14), which typically represents significant depression regardless of diagnostic status with 88% sensitivity and 88% specificity for major depression \[[@B13-ijerph-17-00986]\]. Additional analysis following the major PHQ-8 depression algorithm \[[@B10-ijerph-17-00986]\] indicated that only one participant met the criteria for a provisional diagnosis of depression. Of the 12 individuals who experienced one or more depressive symptoms, seven (58%) indicated difficulty "getting along with other people" and "taking care of things at work and home".
The ambient air concentrations of PM~2.5~ and TVOCs that were measured outside participants' homes are summarized in [Table 2](#ijerph-17-00986-t002){ref-type="table"}. Daily average PM~2.5~ concentrations ranged from 3 to 28 µg/m^3^ and the mean ± SD concentration was 13 ± 6 µg/m^3^. Mean concentrations of daily TVOCs were 108 ± 98 ppb (range: 17--536 ppb). [Figure 3](#ijerph-17-00986-f003){ref-type="fig"} shows the mean residential concentrations of benzene were 0.13 ± 0.10 ppb (median = 0.10 ppb) with a maximum concentration of 0.33 ppb at two houses. All residents expressed interest in receiving air monitoring results and received individual reports, in which we provided 7-day average concentrations of BTEX, average concentrations of TVOCs and 24-h averaged PM~2.5~ over the six weeks. For reference, we also included the air monitoring comparisons values (AMCV) for BTEX from the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ), the state's environmental health agency, and the U.S. EPA's National Ambient Air Quality Standard for PM~2.5~ \[[@B14-ijerph-17-00986]\].
4. Discussion {#sec4-ijerph-17-00986}
=============
During the ITC fire, the burning tanks of naphtha and other gasoline compounds sent a plume of dark smoke over the Houston area for days and raised concerns about air quality and potential health impacts for residents in the surrounding area. Of concern was potentially increased exposures to PM and VOCs, like benzene, from both the 6-day fire and off-gassing after the suppression of the fire. Hence, we rapidly mobilized institutional resources to monitor air quality during the fire and conducted a DR2 pilot study in the following months to assess the environmental health impact of the ITC fire on a nearby community. To address environmental health concerns raised amongst affected residents, we provided individual air monitoring reports to study participants. During the first week of the fire, we detected concentrations of PM~2.5~, BC and UFPs in Jacinto City that were 37%, 45%, and 100% greater than in Deer Park, respectively. Given that the prevailing wind direction was from the southeast, higher concentrations were expected in the downwind location \[[@B15-ijerph-17-00986],[@B16-ijerph-17-00986],[@B17-ijerph-17-00986]\]. Further, seven days after the fire was extinguished, concentrations of most air pollutants significantly decreased by about 33% to 50% in both locations.
Concentrations of PM~2.5~ and TVOCs obtained from Grimm 11-R and ppbRAE devices should not be directly compared with measurements obtained using a federal reference method (FRM) such as gravimetric or gas chromatography methods. For instance, concentrations of PM~2.5~ from direct reading instruments that rely on light scattering are 2--3 times higher than FRM or FRM equivalent gravimetric methods \[[@B18-ijerph-17-00986],[@B19-ijerph-17-00986],[@B20-ijerph-17-00986]\]. Nonetheless, our results suggest that levels of air pollutants during the fire were significantly greater than after fire, indicating air quality in these communities was impacted by the fire, which is similar to assessments made following wildfires \[[@B21-ijerph-17-00986]\], the World Trade Center Disaster \[[@B22-ijerph-17-00986]\], and firework displays \[[@B23-ijerph-17-00986],[@B24-ijerph-17-00986]\]. While it is unclear why UFP was increased in Jacinto City on 27 March, possible contributing sources may include a high volume of diesel truck traffic on I-10 and I-610 (major highways), as well as railway traffic and other nearby industrial operations.
To assess the environmental health impact of a natural or industrial disaster, a pre-disaster baseline assessment of air, soil, and water quality is needed, so that pre- and post-disaster comparisons can be made. Unfortunately, such data were not available for communities affected by the ITC fire. In our investigation about one month after the ITC fire, we found that 7-day mean concentrations of BTEX outside the homes of residents were less than 1 ppb (0.13 ppb). Except for ethylbenzene, the mean BTEX concentrations (benzene---0.13 ppb; ethylbenzene---0.04 ppb; toluene---0.21 ppb; and xylenes---0.06 ppb) were similar to those from a stationary monitoring site in Deer Park maintained by the TCEQ during 27 April 2018 to 4 May 2018 (benzene---0.19 ppb; ethylbenzene---0.99 ppb; toluene---0.25 ppb; and xylenes---0.05 ppb) \[[@B25-ijerph-17-00986]\]. The daily average concentration of PM~2.5~ from eight homes over six weeks in Deer Park was 13 ± 6 µg/m^3^, which is lower than the 2012 National Ambient Air Quality Standard for 24-h PM~2.5~ (35 µg/m^3^) \[[@B14-ijerph-17-00986]\]. The results are consistent with PM~2.5~ mass concentrations that we measured between 2013 and 2016 in outdoor air in other locations in Houston that ranged from 11.6 to 13.2 µg/m^3^ \[[@B26-ijerph-17-00986]\].
Due to weather-related power outages at several homes in the second week of air monitoring in Deer Park, we obtained full 6-week data of PM~2.5~ and TVOCs from four residential houses out of eight, highlighting the value of battery- or solar-powered sensors for residential monitoring. However, we did not find large differences in the patterns of daily averages of PM~2.5~ and TVOCs when comparing the first two weeks of data to the time series for the entire period. While research-grade instruments accurately measure speciated air pollutants such as BTEX \[[@B5-ijerph-17-00986],[@B27-ijerph-17-00986]\], they are expensive and require time to analyze the sampled media in a laboratory, which limits their widespread use in disaster response. Direct-reading instruments, including real-time low-cost air sensors, can greatly and rapidly enhance understanding of exposure to VOCs and PM in space and time \[[@B26-ijerph-17-00986],[@B28-ijerph-17-00986],[@B29-ijerph-17-00986]\].
Most participants reported coughing and eye, nose, or throat irritation, which are common health effects associated with short-term air pollution exposure \[[@B30-ijerph-17-00986],[@B31-ijerph-17-00986]\], particularly PM. During the ITC fire, the mean concentration of PM~2.5~ in Deer Park was 38.5 µg/m^3^ (max = 51.6 µg/m3). Thus, the respiratory symptoms reported in this study may be associated with the short-term peak exposure to PM~2.5~, although PM~2.5~ levels decreased by 63% and reached background levels within a week after the ITC fire.
Only one participant indicated "moderate" depression using the PAQ-8 cut-point score of ≥10 and met the criteria for a provisional diagnosis of depression following major PHQ-8 depression algorithm. While our small sample size precludes drawing conclusions of the health impact of the ITC fire on residents living in surrounding neighborhoods, the relatively low prevalence of PTSD symptoms and depression among participants may suggest a certain "resilience," which is often found in individuals having prior experience in recovering from a disaster or living in an area frequently affected by disasters \[[@B32-ijerph-17-00986]\]. Nonetheless, more than half of participants who reported mild symptoms did indicate they had experienced difficulty at home and work, as well as in relationships with others, during the two weeks after the fire. Given that these are indicators of possible impairment of social and occupational functioning \[[@B9-ijerph-17-00986],[@B33-ijerph-17-00986]\], future DR2 studies should continue to evaluate mental health as well as physical health impacts, providing findings that can be used to enhance resiliency among residents living in neighborhoods at risk for natural or industrial disasters.
5. Conclusions {#sec5-ijerph-17-00986}
==============
With operational and knowledge capabilities to carry out disaster assessments, academic institutions must position themselves to lead rapid and localized disaster response activities for ensuring community health and safety \[[@B34-ijerph-17-00986],[@B35-ijerph-17-00986]\]. However, resource constraints and the reliance on voluntary field staff limit the scope and reach of the response. For example, we limited our pilot study area and promotion activities to a single canvassing event. While this effort produced a modest response, participation among respondents was high (12 out of 13 residents). Given recommendations of ongoing monitoring and reporting of baseline outdoor air quality in neighborhoods near industrial facilities, our efforts and report back represent an important first step in answering residents' questions about air quality following an industrial disaster, raising environmental health awareness and enhancing community resilience. To our knowledge, the present study is the first published study investigating air quality and the health of affected residents following the ITC fire. Larger and more systematic efforts are needed to address environmental health impacts from future calamitous events, particularly in neighborhoods close to industrial facilities.
We would like to thank the Deer Park residents who participated in our study. We also thank José Guillermo (Memo) Cedeño Laurent in the Department of Environmental Health at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health for the provision of the RESCUE samplers. We acknowledge all volunteers for their assistance with field and laboratory efforts.
The co-authors contributed to the completion of this article, as follows: Conceptualization, E.S., H.A.H., I.H.; methodology, H.A.H., E.S., K.W., S.M., A.R., G.D. and I.H.; formal analysis, H.A.H. and I.H.; investigation, H.A.H., E.S. and I.H.; resources, E.S. and G.D.; data curation, H.A.H., E.S. and I.H.; writing---original draft preparation, H.A.H., E.S., I.H.; writing---review and editing, K.W., S.M., G.D. and A.R.; supervision, E.S., H.A.H. and I.H.; project administration, H.A.H.; funding acquisition, E.S. and G.D. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
This research was funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (Award \#T42OH008421), the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (Award \#P30ES030285) and with Occupational Medicine contracts through the Southwest Center for Occupational and Environmental Health (SWCOEH). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health or the National Institutes of Health.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
{#ijerph-17-00986-f001}
{#ijerph-17-00986-f002}
{#ijerph-17-00986-f003}
ijerph-17-00986-t001_Table 1
######
Mean ambient air pollutant levels in Deer Park and Jacinto City on 20 March 2019 (during the ITC Fire) and on 27 March 2019 (5 days after the fire was extinguished).
Deer Park Jacinto City
----------------------- --------------- ------------- -------------- --------------- --------------- ---------
PM~2.5~ (µg/m^3^) ^b^ 38.5 ± 4.1 14.4 ± 8.5 \<0.001 52.8 ± 6.4 N/A^c^ \_
TVOCs (ppb) 79 ± 84 28 ± 40 \<0.001 46 ± 69 20 ± 13 0.006
BC (µg/m^3^) 0.90 ± 0.10 0.46 ± 0.15 \<0.001 1.30 ± 0.46 0.65 ± 0.33 0.002
UFP (\#/cm^3^) 13,575 ± 4408 4895 ± 1566 \<0.001 26,888 ± 2275 40,958 ± 4688 \<0.001
^a^ Two-tailed *t*-test to evaluate differences in mean levels for each pollutant was conducted between 20 March and 27 March at each location and evaluated at a significance level of 0.05. ^b^ The monitored PM~2.5~ mass from Grimm 11-R was not corrected for a filter-based gravimetric method. ^c^ PM~2.5~ mass data were not recorded due to a battery failure for the Grimm 11-R.
ijerph-17-00986-t002_Table 2
######
Summary statistics for residential outdoor levels of fine particulate matter (PM~2.5~) and total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) measured in Deer Park, TX, between 27 April 2019 and 12 June 2019.
Pollutant No. of Homes Mean Median Range
------------------- -------------- ---------- -------- ---------
PM~2.5~ (µg/m^3^) 8 13 ± 6 12 3--28
TVOCs (ppb) 8 108 ± 98 72 17--536
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Artificial insemination is when sperm is put into the cervix of a female to make her pregnant without sexual intercourse. It is often used for breeding livestock. It can also be used in human women insemination. It is the process of breeding without sexual inter course. It is when a males sperm is extracted from the body and inserted the cervix and which in theory will make a woman pregnant.
Biological reproduction |
Recent studies have shown that certain endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane proteins modulate cell survival by controlling the migration of calcium from ER to mitochondria. We have identified and characterized a cDNA that corresponds to a novel gene which encodes a putative transmembrane protein that we have named SPOC (Survival Promoter Overexpressed in Cancers). Our preliminary results indicate that the SPOC mRNA is highly expressed in primary colon tumors when compared to their matching normal tissues. Interestingly, SPOC mRNA expression is further increased in tumor metastases examined. Exogenous GFP-tagged SPOC co-localizes with ER-specific protein markers suggesting that SPOC appears to reside in the ER. Thapsigargin and sulindac sulfide are known to perturb intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis by promoting ER Ca2+ pool depletion. Both agents induced apoptosis in HCT116 human colon cancer cells that was coupled with down-regulation of SPOC mRNA expression. Interestingly, constitutive expression of exogenous SPOC in HCT116 cells countered the apoptotic effects of these agents suggesting that SPOC appears to promote cell survival. We are now proposing studies to further investigate the role of SPOC in digestive diseases such as colon cancer. We will analyze a larger pool of fresh-frozen and paraffin-embedded tissue specimens to evaluate the expression of SPOC at mRNA and protein levels. To explore the molecular mechanisms by which SPOC promotes cell survival, we will study its effect on PI3-K/Akt-dependent growth and survival signaling pathways. We will also investigate whether SPOC regulates intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and modulates the Ca2+-dependent signaling pathway(s) to promote cell survival. To determine whether ER transmembrane localization is important for its survival promoting function, we will mutate and/or delete its putative N-terminal ER-retrieval motif as well as the transmembrane regions and study the subcellular localization of mutant SPOC and its effect on cell survival. These are exploratory/developmental studies that, upon completion, will generate sufficient new data and reagents that will form the basis of future in-depth studies investigating the molecular mechanism(s) of action of this novel ER transmembrane protein in regulation of cell survival in general and digestive diseases in particular. |
In Greek mythology, Tydeus (, Tudeus) was a hero of the generation prior to the Trojan War. He was the king of Argos. He was one of the Seven Against Thebes. He was the father of Diomedes.
People in Greek mythology |
A meta-analysis and systematic review of thalidomide for patients with previously untreated multiple myeloma.
A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to determine the efficacy and toxicity of thalidomide in previously untreated patients with myeloma. Medline, Embase, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, and abstracts from the American Society of Hematology and the American Society of Clinical Oncology were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of either induction or maintenance thalidomide in adults with previously untreated myeloma. Nine RCTs of induction thalidomide, three RCTs of maintenance thalidomide, and one RCT of induction and maintenance thalidomide were identified, involving a total of 4144 subjects. When thalidomide was added to standard, non-transplantation myeloma therapy, overall survival (OS) improved (HR 0.67; 95% CI 0.56-0.81). When thalidomide was given as maintenance following autologous transplantation (ASCT), there was a trend to improved OS (HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.37-1.01); when the only trial which combined induction and maintenance thalidomide was excluded from this analysis, a significant survival advantage emerged (HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.32-0.74). The relative risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) with induction thalidomide was 2.56 (95% CI 1.88-3.49). A meta-analysis of trials/sub-groups administering low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) as VTE prophylaxis, suggested a persistently increased relative risk of VTE with induction thalidomide (RR 1.54, 95% CI 1.07-2.22). The relative risk of VTE was substantially lower, but still elevated, when thalidomide was given as maintenance therapy following ASCT (RR 1.95, 95% CI 1.15-3.30). In summary, thalidomide appears to improve the overall survival of patients with newly diagnosed myeloma both when it is added to standard, non-transplantation therapy, and when it is given as maintenance therapy following ASCT. However, thalidomide is associated with toxicity, particularly a significantly increased risk of VTE. |
The Even (Even: even, Russian: eveny) people are a native population of Siberia and the Russian Far East. They are sometimes called Ewens or Lamuts.
Language
Evens are Tungusic people. They speak their own language called Even. The Even language was unwritten until the Russians created a written language for them, using the Cyrillic alphabet. Some Evens also speak Yakut or Sakha, and live in the Sakha Republic. Most Evens live in parts of the Magadan Oblast and Kamchatka Krai. They share many things in common with the Evenki people.
Evens are reindeer herders. They are nomads, which means they move from one place to another.
Contact with Russians
During the 17th century, Russians made contact with the Even people. They introduced diseases to the Evens, such as smallpox and influenza. Russians also made Evens pay the yasak, which meant they had to pay taxes to the Russian government with reindeer furs. Because of the new diseases and the reindeer population decreasing, the population of the Even people went down.
Religion
Evens' religion is a mixture of shamanism and Russian Orthodoxy. Shamanism is a belief that worships animals and nature. There are shamans, people who communicate with spirits. An Even shaman is called a haman. Evens believe in different kinds of spirits. One of them is a fire spirit called togh-muranni, which is very powerful. Ibdiril are spirits that help the haman. They can look like different people and animals.
Culture
Reindeer are very important to the Even people. They were traditionally sacrificed and used in special ceremonies. Reindeer were used for transportation, along with dogs. One group of Evens living on the Pacific coast didn't have as many reindeer, and depended on fish instead.
Evens lived in clans. Even people had a custom called nimat, which meant that all of the fish and animals caught were shared with the whole clan.
There are many kinds of folklore in Even culture. Nemkan are about people and animals. Teleng are long stories that are sung, often about warriors and heroes. Ike are short songs, and nenuken are riddles. |
Ask HN: Creating full websites using WebGL? - lungful
I was amazed by many webGL online examples and demos and it made me wonder why webGL isn't being used everywhere to create complete websites already.<p>Am I missing something here? Is webGL too hard to use (even with libraries like three.js), or is it browser compatibility issues? Why is it that I'm not seeing webGL implemented everywhere online already? Isn't it better in most aspects visually speaking?
======
_random_
This would be ideal, we just need some brave people. Then add XAML support,
and we can finally have <grid> instead of a <table-bootstrap-crap class="are-
you-serious">.
------
flohofwoe
For websites that don't need text or layout WebGL might actually be a good
option. If you need text or layout, then you would need to write a text- and
layout engine in JS+WebGL and duplicate what the browser already does anyway,
so the web site would have to be quite heavy. Both can wonderfully work hand-
in-hand however, as demonstrated here: [http://acko.net/](http://acko.net/)
------
muyyatin
It's somewhat similar to a Flash-only website, since it has less support and
most notably lacks many of the features HTML makes easy (search engine
indexing, browser search-and-find, ease of development, layout, and separation
of content from style).
------
theandrewbailey
I think it's because the web is a document based system, and very few
collections of documents are worth viewing in a 3D environment, especially
without looking cheezy, fake, or being distracting. It's much the same reason
that 3D Word docs and PDFs aren't popular.
------
schmidtc
Support isn't great...
[http://caniuse.com/webgl](http://caniuse.com/webgl)
------
jev
Text is hard, and HTML/CSS has a monopoly on it in the browser.
|
was a after Eiso and before Choho. This period started in February 995 and ended in January 999. The reigning emperor was .
Events of the Chotoku era
995 (Chotoku 1): Fujiwara no Michinaga was given the office of Minister of the Right (udaijin).
996 (Chotoku 2, 7th month): Michinaga became Minister of the Left (sadaijin); and Fujiwara no Akimitsu was named udaijin.
Related pages
Heian period |
Economic impact of visual impairment and blindness in the United States.
To assess the economic impact of excess medical and informal care and the health utility loss associated with visual impairment and blindness in adults aged 40 years and older in the United States. Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data from 1996 to 2002 were pooled to estimate the relationship of visual impairment and blindness with total medical expenditures, components of expenditures, days of informal care received, and health utility. Estimates accounting for the complex sampling design were based on regressions including confounders such as comorbidities and demographics. The aggregate economic impact was estimated by projecting average individual effects to the population of individuals with blindness and visual impairment. Blindness and visual impairment were significantly associated with higher medical care expenditures, a greater number of informal care days, and a decrease in health utility. The home care component of expenditures was most affected by blindness. The aggregate annual economic impact included $5.5 billion spent for medical care and the value of informal care as well as a loss of more than 209,000 quality-adjusted life years. Visual impairment has a large effect on home care. Any economic analysis of prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation should account for the fraction of the annual monetary cost and loss of quality-adjusted life years that can be averted. |
The Himalayan musk deer or white-bellied musk deer (Moschus leucogaster) is a deer that lives in Central Asia.
Like other musk deer, the Himalayan musk deer lives in the Himalayan mountains and places around those mountains. They are large plant-eating animals that can live in cold places.
Behavior
Himalayan musk deer are active at night and at dawn and dusk. They spend most of their time alone.
Himalayan musk deer all leave their feces in the same place. Scientists call this a latrine site. They do this to mark their territory, meaning to show other deer that a place belongs to them.
Scientists have seen them 3200-4200 meters above sea level. Scientists believe Himalayan musk deer like forests with a mixture of Himalayan birch and Himalayan fir trees. They like places with many different kinds of smaller plants.
Threats
Himalayan musk deer are in danger of dying out because human beings trap them for their fur and their musk pods. People use musk pods to make perfumes and in traditional medicines. When people set traps for male musk deer, they trap and kill female musk deer and fawns too. In the 21st century, one kilogram of musk pod can pay US$45,000. |
Robotic devices may include control systems that are communicatively coupled to various sensors. For instance, an example robot may include one or more of an accelerometer, an inertial measurement unit, or a GPS sensor, which may generate data that the control system may use for various tasks, such as navigating an environment. The example robot device may also include a camera, illumination (from a device such as an LED), a speaker, and a microphone, which may be used for various applications, such as surveillance, telepresence, or search and rescue.
Like robotic devices, tablet computers may include control systems that are communicatively coupled to various sensors. For instance, an example tablet computer may include one or more of an accelerometer, an inertial measurement unit, or a GPS sensor, which may generate data that the control system may use for various tasks, such as mapping. Tablet computers may also include one or more cameras (e.g., a front-facing and a rear-facing camera), which may be used for various applications, such as photography or video conferencing. |
Masafumi Maeda (born 25 January 1983) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Thespa Kusatsu.
Club career statistics
|-
|2005||rowspan="3"|Gamba Osaka||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||6||1||0||0||4||1||colspan="2"|-||10||2
|-
|2006||27||2||3||1||2||0||5||2||37||5
|-
|2007||5||1||1||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||11||1
|-
|2008||rowspan="2"|Ventforet Kofu||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||16||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||16||1
|-
|2009||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2010||Thespa Kusatsu||J. League 2||||||||||||||||||||
54||5||4||1||11||1||5||2||74||9
54||5||4||1||11||1||5||2||74||9
|}
1983 births
Living people
Footballers from Shiga Prefecture |
A Farmer Becoming a Quasi-doctor: The Daegok Diary and Rural Healthcare from the 1960s to the 1980s.
This article attempts to review the reality of rural health care in Korea from the 1960s to the 1980s by analyzing the Daegok Diary. There has been two myths about rural healthcare. One is that the absence of institutional medicine was replaced by folk medicine, which could be identified with folk remedies or shamanic healing distinguished from Western medicine. This is a frame that understands institutional and Western medicine as a pair and folk medicine and traditional medicine as another. Another popular belief is that rural healthcare had remained almost nonexistent, and only dramatically improved after the Regional Health Insurance was implemented. Of course, some claim that the Regional Health Insurance was disadvantageous to farmers, but it is generally understood that there was an absence of government policy regarding medical care. The Daegok Diary, telling many aspects of rural life, is a good source to reflect on these common notions. Unlike other farmers' diaries, the diary of Shin Kwonsik contains a wealth of medical culture records because he chose unique ways to cure his and neighbors' illnesses by himself. It can be summarized as the life of "quasi-doctor". Shin was distinguished from quacks in that he practiced as an intellectual in the village rather than as a profession, and that he learned official medical knowledge and recognized the difference between a licensed physician and himself. Also, he was different from doctors because of the lack of a medical license and the limited range of diseases that he could treat. The life of quasi-doctor shows the social structure of rural areas in Korea from the 1960s to the 1980s. The reality of rural healthcare can be summarized in two ways. First, the medical vacuum was filled by civilian efforts. There was virtually no institutional healthcare in rural areas, but the government did little to improve the situation . The policy of sending doctors to the countryside proved to be ineffective, and the community doctor system did not work properly. Health Insurance was also a system for city workers rather than farmers. In the late 1970s, the situation only slightly improved due to reasons unrelated to the government policy regarding rural healthcare. These were improvements in traffic conditions and the increasing popularity of private insurance, which improved the physical and economic accessibility to medical institutions. Second, Western medicine had become a part of folk medicine. Those who could not go to a hospital utilized Western medicine, which had penetrated the folk medical culture. When people were sick, they bought Western drugs from pharmacies, drug dealers, and sometimes quacks. The knowledge of Western medicine also spread widely, with family medical books such as Million People's Medicine as the medium. These two characteristics show that the existing myths that regard the absence of government policy as that of medical care and interpret the medical vacuum as the prevalence of folk remedies and shamanic healing are far from the truth. From the 1960s to the 1980s, gaps in institutional medicine was filled by Western medicine which had become part of the folk medicine already, and the accessibility of institutional medicine was improved through civilian efforts. Of course, the Daegok Diary shows more than the social structure of rural areas. It also reveals a lot about the man who wrote it, Shin Kwonsik. Unlike the others, Shin chose to become a quasi-doctor because of his separation from the tradition and his desire to learn. He grew up alone without parental care and later moved to Seoul by himself. This meant a break with the tradition. He joined the army in the wake of the Korean War and learned how to give injections there. After he was discharged, he devoured many books and newspapers including Million People's Medicine. In short, the existence of a quasi-doctor like Shin was the result of the combination of the absence of institutional medicine, the predominance of Western medicine, and the characteristic of Shin as a 'learning modern.' |
Trogen is a municipality in Upper Franconia in Hof in Bavaria in Germany.
Geography
Trogen is in between hills in a valley.
The Town is about six kilometers northeast of the county seat Hof (Saale) on the Bundesautobahn 72 (junction 3 Hof / Topen), and Bundesautobahn 93 (junction 2 Hof-East) and the federal highway B173.
The community is in the Bavarian part of Vogtland. It is part of the district of Hof and thus also of the administrative region of Upper Franconia (Oberfranken).
The neighboring village Feilitzsch is only a few hundred meters away from Trogen. |
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<h2 title="Class ForControlEllipse" class="title">Class ForControlEllipse</h2>
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<pre>public class <span class="typeNameLabel">ForControlEllipse</span>
extends <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true" title="class or interface in java.lang">Object</a></pre>
<div class="block">타원 컨트롤의 나머지 부분을 읽기 위한 객체</div>
<dl>
<dt><span class="simpleTagLabel">Author:</span></dt>
<dd>neolord</dd>
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<td class="colOne"><code><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../../../../../../../../kr/dogfoot/hwplib/reader/bodytext/paragraph/control/gso/ForControlEllipse.html#ForControlEllipse--">ForControlEllipse</a></span>()</code> </td>
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<td class="colFirst"><code>static void</code></td>
<td class="colLast"><code><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../../../../../../../../kr/dogfoot/hwplib/reader/bodytext/paragraph/control/gso/ForControlEllipse.html#readRest-kr.dogfoot.hwplib.object.bodytext.control.gso.ControlEllipse-kr.dogfoot.hwplib.util.compoundFile.reader.StreamReader-">readRest</a></span>(<a href="../../../../../../../../kr/dogfoot/hwplib/object/bodytext/control/gso/ControlEllipse.html" title="class in kr.dogfoot.hwplib.object.bodytext.control.gso">ControlEllipse</a> ellipse,
<a href="../../../../../../../../kr/dogfoot/hwplib/util/compoundFile/reader/StreamReader.html" title="class in kr.dogfoot.hwplib.util.compoundFile.reader">StreamReader</a> sr)</code>
<div class="block">타원 컨트롤의 나머지 부분을 읽는다.</div>
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<code><a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#clone--" title="class or interface in java.lang">clone</a>, <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#equals-java.lang.Object-" title="class or interface in java.lang">equals</a>, <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#finalize--" title="class or interface in java.lang">finalize</a>, <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#getClass--" title="class or interface in java.lang">getClass</a>, <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#hashCode--" title="class or interface in java.lang">hashCode</a>, <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#notify--" title="class or interface in java.lang">notify</a>, <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#notifyAll--" title="class or interface in java.lang">notifyAll</a>, <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#toString--" title="class or interface in java.lang">toString</a>, <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#wait--" title="class or interface in java.lang">wait</a>, <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#wait-long-" title="class or interface in java.lang">wait</a>, <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#wait-long-int-" title="class or interface in java.lang">wait</a></code></li>
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<h4>ForControlEllipse</h4>
<pre>public ForControlEllipse()</pre>
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<a name="readRest-kr.dogfoot.hwplib.object.bodytext.control.gso.ControlEllipse-kr.dogfoot.hwplib.util.compoundFile.reader.StreamReader-">
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<h4>readRest</h4>
<pre>public static void readRest(<a href="../../../../../../../../kr/dogfoot/hwplib/object/bodytext/control/gso/ControlEllipse.html" title="class in kr.dogfoot.hwplib.object.bodytext.control.gso">ControlEllipse</a> ellipse,
<a href="../../../../../../../../kr/dogfoot/hwplib/util/compoundFile/reader/StreamReader.html" title="class in kr.dogfoot.hwplib.util.compoundFile.reader">StreamReader</a> sr)
throws <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/Exception.html?is-external=true" title="class or interface in java.lang">Exception</a></pre>
<div class="block">타원 컨트롤의 나머지 부분을 읽는다.</div>
<dl>
<dt><span class="paramLabel">Parameters:</span></dt>
<dd><code>ellipse</code> - 타원 컨트롤</dd>
<dd><code>sr</code> - 스트림 리더</dd>
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Nielles-les-Blequin is a commune. It is in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in north France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais |
Equal parts life, love & food
Archive for category In the Kitchen
What better way to celebrate a 2nd birthday than with sprinkles?! Our daughter’s very first friend, Zoe, turned two today and we just had to make a fun treat to take to her party!
When it comes to kids’ birthdays, I’m a big fan of treats that aren’t loaded with sugar or artificial junk. I pulled out my new favorite sprinkles and some dye-free M&M’s for inspiration. I also knew there would be cake, so baked goods were off the table. We know a lot of folks with nut allergies, so I’ve made it a rule to avoid them for parties. To easily adapt the recipe for what you have on hand, see the variations at the bottom of the recipe for ideas.
While daddy and Adelyn wrestled and watched “George George“, I whipped up this quick Funfetti popcorn mix. It took about 20 minutes and just a handful of ingredients! This is a sweet, savory and naturally colorful birthday treat. It was also easy to transport – just two 1-gallon ziplocs!
I popped the organic corn on the stovetop with a little coconut oil to give it a birthday cakey flavor. To my surprise, this treat was as popular with the adults as it was with the kids. By the time we left, there was an empty bowl with a few unpopped kernels and some rogue sprinkles.
In a large covered pot, melt coconut oil over high heat. (If you don’t have a huge sauce pot, you may want to pop the popcorn two batches). Toss in popcorn kernels and cover. Shake the pan occasionally until you hear the kernels begin to pop. Continue shaking the pan intermittently to ensure all kernels pop and none burn. Once popping ceases, transfer to parchment-lined cookie sheets.
Sprinkle the chocolate candies over the popcorn. In the microwave, melt white chocolate in a squeeze bottle or glass measuring bowl for 30 seconds. Stir and continue microwaving in 30 second increments until chocolate is just melted.
Drizzle half of the melted white chocolate onto the popcorn mixture and toss to coat evenly. Drizzle the remaining white chocolate, stir and quickly pour the multicolored sprinkles over the popcorn before the chocolate sets up. Finally sprinkle with the salt.
Variations: This mix would also be wonderful with pretzel rods, honey roasted peanuts, whole almonds or candy coated sunflower seeds. If opting for a cup and a half of pretzels or salted nuts, reduce the popcorn to 1/2 cup, the oil to 1 tbsp. and omit the salt from the recipe.
You could also substitute 1/4 tsp. of almond extract for the vanilla if you want a subtle birthday cake flavor.
Hint: You can find the natural rainbow sprinkles in Homegoods stores and the Unreal candy is available at Target or CVS.
Disclosure: I wasn’t paid or perked to link to the products mentioned, I’m just always on the hunt for baking items free of artificial food coloring. I love sharing that there are alternatives out there!
I’ve been baking (and now posting!) again. It’s glorious! Between a new baby and a major house remodel this year, my kitchen (and energy levels) were a bit out of sorts. I’m happy to say that my new kitchen is gorgeous and 90% finished. I am busy at work breaking it in!
For some reason last year when my daughter (still sounds strange) was born, it didn’t hit me that her and my hubby’s birthdays are 9 days apart…. This year I fit in a decadent cake for Jason while planning baby A’s big first birthday bash. I have all the juicy details of her party to share, but first the caramel-soaked cake that my not-a-day-over-21 (ha!) cutie requested.
Bam! I sat over a hot flame on my new gas oven preparing not one, but 3 batches of caramel for this bad boy. It was my first time making a french buttercream and it was the highlight of the cake for me. Especially the subtle dark caramel notes and the creamy texture. The cake held up in the fridge for the better part of a week, but the caramel sauce began to crystallize a bit after that. The white cake recipe was pretty good, but I expected it to be more moist with the caramel soaked in. You could easily substitute your favorite white or yellow cake recipe. (while you are at it… share the link in the comments!)
We may have eaten a few slices for breakfast with coffee and then had it for dessert that night too… It was seriously a treat and when I make it again, I’ll share with friends – maybe. Keep in mind that this recipe has a good number of steps and you might use all of your saucepans a few times. You can prepare the cake layers one day and then frost/drizzle on the second day if you are short on time.
Here is the full recipe and instructions if you want to reproduce this tasty treat in your own kitchen. (Trust me you do).
Basic Vanilla Cake
1 c. granulated sugar
1/2 c. butter
2 eggs
2 tsp. vanilla extract
1 1/2 c. unbleached all-purpose flour
1 3/4 tsp. baking powder
1/2 c. milk
Preheat your oven to 350 degrees. Grease and flour two 8 inch round cake pans or line with parchment paper. In a stand mixer, cream together sugar and room temperature butter. Slowly beat in the eggs, one at time and then stir in the vanilla. Whisk together the flour and baking powder in a separate bowl. Add the flour to the butter mixture and then the milk until everything is incorporated. Distribute half the batter into each cake pan and bake for 35 minutes or until your house just starts to smell like cake. Cool.
Caramel Soak
1½ cups white sugar
¾ cup buttermilk
½ cup unsalted butter
2 tablespoons dark corn syrup
1 teaspoon baking soda
Pinch of salt
2 teaspoons vanilla
While your cakes are baking, combine the first 5 ingredients into a large heavy bottomed sauce pan. Cook the sugar mixture over medium heat stirring frequently. The mixture will begin to simmer and foam. Continue to stir and cook until a light caramel color is achieved, approximately 7 minutes. Mix together the sugar, buttermilk, butter, corn syrup, baking soda and salt in a medium to large saucepan (a larger saucepan is important, as the mixture will foam up).Cook over medium heat, stirring frequently, until the mixture begins to simmer.As soon as the mixture starts simmering, set the timer for 7 minutes.Continue cooking (it’ll start boiling soon), stirring frequently. Remove from heat and stir in vanilla. Pour over warm cake layers still in their pans and allow to cool completely.
Burnt Caramel French Buttercream
8 egg yolks
5.25 oz sugar
1/4 c. water
5.75 oz corn syrup
1 lb butter, softened
¾ tsp. smoked sea salt
Allow your ingredients to come to room temperature. Prepare an ice bath large enough for a small sauce pan. Whip egg yolks and salt on medium speed in a stand mixer.While those are whipping, bring corn syrup to a rolling boil in a small sauce pan over medium to medium high heat. Slowly stream the corn syrup into the whipping egg yolks. Increase the mixer speed to high and whip until the syrup egg mixture is light and airy. Heat sugar and 1/4 c. of water in a medium sauce pan over medium high heat until boiling. Cover the pan with a lid. Check on it frequently and when your sugar begins to turn from clear to golden, swirl the pan to encourage it to caramelize evenly. Turn the heat down to medium and allow the sugar to slowly caramelize to a very dark amber. When it begins to slightly smoke, remove the pan from heat and dunk into your ice bath for 10 seconds. (Do that step carefully). Before the caramel hardens too much, stream it into your egg yolk/corn syrup mixture at high speed. Whip until the mixture has completely cooled. Then slowly add in the cubed butter. Mix in salt and beat until uniform and fluffy!
Caramel Drizzle
1 c. sugar
1/4 c. water
3/4 c. heavy cream
3 1/2 tbsp. butter
1/2 tsp. vanilla
1/2 tsp. smoked salt
In a medium saucepan, combine the sugar and water and cook over medium heat until the sugar is dissolved. Ramp up the temperature and bring to a boil. Cover with a lid, or wipe sides of the pan with a wet pastry brush if crystals begin to form. In a heavy-bottomed saucepan, combine the sugar and water over medium-low heat until the sugar dissolves. Boil for approximately 5 minutes until a deep amber color is achieved. Remove from heat and slowly whisk in the cream. (Mixture will bubble and hiss – be careful). Then stir in the butter, vanilla and salt. Allow caramel to cool.
Cake Assembly
To put all the components together, remove your first cake layer from the cake pan (you may need to loosen the edges with a butter knife). Place on a serving dish or cake round. Cover with caramel buttercream on all sides. Place second layer on top and again cover all sides with an even layer of buttercream using a frosting spatula. Use any excess buttercream to pipe decorations or edges onto your frosted cake. Drizzle with caramel sauce. Refrigerate until ready to serve.
When my mom comes to visit, we cook. Can’t help it. Actually come to think of it, it doesn’t matter where we are there is always good food around. I have to admit, when my mom is in my kitchen – I feel like an amateur. I always learn a new trick or two and her food just tastes better than mine!
It’s funny because being critical of our food is also kinda hereditary. We have a running joke that if mom thinks something she made is good, then it will be one of the best things we’ve ever eaten. And these lemon ricotta fritters were just that! Seriously, they were gone before we could get a proper picture….
(Thanks to hubs for instagramming the shot above or there would be no photo evidence!)
A light dusting of powdered sugar and a little berry compote to dip them in and we were savoring every last nugget! We started with this Bobby Flay recipe, though we added more lemon zest and improvised on the berry compote. Here’s our version:
Lemon Ricotta Fritters
(makes 15-20)
4 c. vegetable oil
¾ c. all-purpose flour
2 tsp. baking powder
1 tbsp. grated lemon zest
¼ tsp. salt
1 c. whole milk ricotta
Heat the oil to 370 degrees in a small or medium saucepan. Mix dry ingredients and lemon zest in a small bowl. In a separate bowl, mix the wet ingredients. Make a well in the dry ingredient bowl and fold in the flour mixture.
Using a small icecream scoop (or spoon if you don’t have one) drop the dough into the hot oil. The fritters will begin to puff and they actually flipped themselves once one side was cooked (keep an eye on them and turn them over if yours don’t). Total cook time will be about 3 minutes. Watch them closely because they go from golden to brown very quickly.
Drain on paper towels and sift confectioners sugar over them while they are still hot. Dip in the berry compote and let them melt in your mouth!
Berry Compote
2 c. strawberries, sliced
1 c. blueberries
1/2 c. sugar
1 tbsp. water
1 tbsp. lemon juice
Hull the strawberries and check the blueberries over for stems. Combine the ingredients in a medium saucepan and cook over medium high heat until the sugar begins to dissolve.
Turn heat down to medium and simmer until the berries are macerated and the liquid begins to thicken. Mash with a fork or potato masher. Serve warm with the fritters!
These double chocolate hazelnut cookies are the perfect pick-me-up! A close friend of mine was having a tough week, so I whipped up a batch and mailed them to her. Apparently more than a few were crushed in transit, but she said they made the perfect topping for ice cream!
If you use the wheat flour, hazelnuts and a high octane dark chocolate, these are super satisfying without making you feel too guilty.
Double Chocolate Hazelnut Cookies
(makes 24)
¼ c. butter, softened
¾ c. dark brown sugar
¼ c. canola oil
1 egg
1 tsp. vanilla
½ c. whole wheat flour
½ c. all purpose flour
¼ c. natural cocoa powder (unsweetened)
¼ tsp. salt
⅔ c. dark chocolate, chopped
⅔ c. hazelnuts, chopped & toasted
Cream together the butter and sugar until light and fluffy. Gently mix in oil, egg and vanilla until combined.
In a separate bowl, whisk the dry ingredients (thru salt). On medium speed, slowly add the dry mixture to the wet mixture, beating until just combined. Stir in the dark chocolate pieces.
Use a 1/4 c. scoop to portion out the cookie dough onto a baking sheet. I used a Silpat mat to encourage browning and prevent the dough from sticking. Gently press a teaspoon of the chopped hazelnuts onto the top of each cookie, flattening them out.
Bake in a pre-heated oven at 350 degrees for 12 minutes or until firm but slightly gooey in the center.
Here is what they should look like going into the oven. Feel free to eat them when slightly warm. I had to test them as soon as they were done to make sure they were good enough to share!
When I bake for a special occasion, it’s rare that I try out a completely new recipe. Normally I like to play it a little safe and make something I know is going to turn out. But I was still on the hunt for the perfect chocolate cupcake recipe after making several that weren’t chocolatey enough or were too dry. Our friend Jill turned 30 this week and that’s definitely an occasion for chocolate if you ask me (I also hit 30 this year)!
I found a few recipes that use a combo of buttermilk and hot water to infuse moisture into the cake (inspiration here and here). That, along with some new natural cocoa powder were just the ticket to creating a fluffy moist cupcake with a deep chocolate flavor. The homemade vanilla bean buttercream was also a thing of beauty. I’m normally a chocolate-on-chocolate kinda girl, but a quick Facebook poll said most folks prefer vanilla frosting, who knew? I used my favorite buttercream standby and fancied it up with vanilla bean paste.
The most surprising thing about the cake batter is how thin it is when it goes into the pan. I was concerned that we’d end up with chocolate goo, but now I’m pondering ways to use the hot water technique for other cupcake batters because it was THAT good! These aren’t gluten, fat, sugar or guilt free, but they are just the ticket for a big celebration!
Note: You will see a few special ingredients like coffee extract and vanilla bean paste. I provided Amazon links to the products I use, but I like to purchase them at a major discount from Marshall’s or TJ Maxx!
Moist Chocolate Cupcakes
(makes 36 cupcakes)
3 c. granulated sugar
2 2/3 c. all-purpose flour
1 ¼ c. natural cocoa powder (not dutch process)
2 ¼ tsp. baking powder
2 ¼ tsp. baking soda
1.5 tsp. salt
3 large eggs
1 ½ c. buttermilk
¾ c. canola oil
3 tsp. vanilla extract
1 ½ c. boiling water
2 tsp. coffee extract (optional – I use this brand. Or, substitute water with hot coffee!)
Preheat oven to 350°F. Line 3 cupcake tins with paper liners or spray with cooking spray.
Put water in a small pan over high heat and allow it to begin boiling while you prepare the remaining ingredients.
In a separate bowl or large plastic measuring cup, mix eggs, buttermilk, vanilla and coffee extracts until blended. Add the wet mixture to the dry mixture and beat for 2 minutes on medium speed.
Pour the boiling water into the mixture. It will be the texture of melted milkshake, not to worry. Distribute batter into prepared pans, filling each cupcake about 2/3 full.
Bake for 17-20 minutes until center bounces back when pressed or a toothpick comes out clean. (Or until your whole house starts to smell like warm chocolate). Cool completely and then frost with your favorite recipe or the one below.
Vanilla Bean Buttercream
(generously frosts 36 cupcakes)
1 lb unsalted butter, room temp.
¼ c. shortening (optional – makes it smoother & more heat stable)
3 lb confectioners’ sugar
¼ c. whole milk, room temp.
1 tbsp. vanilla extract
2 tbsp. vanilla bean paste (I use this one purchased at Marshall’s for half the price)
pinch of salt
The most important step for this simple recipe to work is to set out all your ingredients and get them to room temperature. If you skip this, the buttercream will curdle=not yummy.
Whip butter on high speed for 5 minutes until smooth. Meanwhile, sift the confectioners’ sugar to remove clumps.
Add the first pound of sugar to the butter and mix on low speed until incorporated. Then add the milk and mix on low speed until combined.
Add second pound of sugar and mix until smooth. Add remaining pound of sugar, shortening, vanilla bean paste, vanilla and salt and mix on low speed.
Whip on high speed for an additional 5 minutes until the icing is white and smooth. If it appears too stiff you can add an additional tablespoon of milk but you want a good thick frosting for piping. Pipe using a Wilton 1 M tip working from outside to inside to get the look above.
Fun fact: I also created the scalloped cupcake liners using coordinating scrapbook papers. I traced out a template that I found online and used my Silhouette cutter to get 36 perfect cupcake wrappers! This is a new tool for me, so if you have any other fun project suggestions I’d love to hear them!
If there’s one thing that is frustrating to give up when you’re pregnant it’s ice cream. Am I Right? Ladies? Yeah, torture. Since avoiding excess carbs and sugar, I’ve had to get really creative to still get my sweet fix. Especially now that we’ve skipped spring in the South and headed straight for summer temps.
Inspired by two simple recipes, I created a creamy satisfying Sunday afternoon Sundae for Jason and I using 3 ingredients: Frozen bananas, coconut milk and homemade vanilla extract. (You could skip the vanilla, but it just has a great richness that adds to the “ice cream” taste).
If it weren’t for my Pinterest addiction, I would have never known that you could whip frozen banana chunks into cold a cold creamy dream. Top it with some whipped coconut cream and you have a dairy, sugar and definitely guilt free dessert! This would be very satisfying for folks with a dairy allergy too.
3 Ingredient Banana Coconut Ice Cream Sundae
Peel the two bananas and cut into bit sized chunks. Place on a small cookie sheet in the freezer until frozen and then store in a freezer bag until ready to make your treat. At the same time, put your can of coconut milk in the fridge. This isn’t an instant process, so you’ll want to do both of these steps at least a day in advance.
To make the coconut whipped topping, open the can of coconut milk and carefully spoon the cream into a mixing bowl. Don’t worry if you get a small amount of the coconut water that has settled to to the bottom, it will still whip up. Add the vanilla and blend with a whisk attachment on the stand mixer for 3-5 minutes until creamy & fluffy.
Place the bananas in a large food processor fitted with the normal metal blade. Slowly pulse bananas until they form a crumb-like texture. Scrape down the sides and allow the bananas to melt just slightly. Then turn the food processor on and allow it whip until the banana puree is completely smooth and wonderful.
Spoon the banana “ice cream” into a bowl and top with coconut whipped cream. You can sprinkle a bit of cinnamon on top, stir in peanut butter or add a little cocoa powder to the banana mixture as it’s whipping to vary the flavors. It would also be delicious with some toasted pecans or a couple of vanilla wafers if you were feeling really sassy.
Healthy cookies that taste great….it’s a tough challenge. The key is to balance the ingredients and use just enough of each to give them flavor, without lots of added sugar and carbs.
If it’s not totally obvious, I have a sweet tooth. Deprive me of goodies completely and I’m not a happy girl – especially pregnant. Browsing through my monthly cooking magazines, I came across this recipe for Oatmeal, Cranberry and Flax cookies from King Arthur. I’ve had success with many of their recipes in the past, so I decided to give this one a go.
Of course, I always like to put my own touch on things so I added a handful of shredded coconut and some dark chocolate chips. Can you tell I was afraid it would taste like I tried to make healthy cookies? I also halved the recipe because, well, then I can’t gobble up 3 dozen. Here’s what they looked like going in the oven:
I love that there is just enough butter to help them brown, a hint of sweetness from the cranberries and brown sugar and the oats really hold it all together. The chocolate and coconut gave it just a touch of richness that made you really feel like it was a treat. Actually, the best part of the recipe is that there are basically 2 steps. It couldn’t be simpler!
Cranberry Flax Crunch Cookies
(makes 15 cookies)
1/2 c. butter, softened
1/3 c. light brown sugar, packed
1/2 tsp. cinnamon
1 tsp. homemade vanilla extract
1/4 tsp. baking soda
1/4 tsp. salt
1 egg
3/4 c. whole wheat flour (I use King Arthur)
3/4 c. rolled oats (not instant)
1/3 c. flax meal
3/4 c. dried cranberries
1/4 c. shredded coconut flakes
1/2 c. dark chocolate morsels
Beat first 7 ingredients in a stand mixer until creamy. Combine remaining ingredients and stir into the butter egg mixture.
Eating healthy is always on our list of priorities, but it’s even more important now that I’m carrying a tiny human to feed. I’ve been following 101 Cookbooks, an inventive natural food blog for several years, but always felt the ingredients were something you had to have a Whole Foods budget or a California market to get your hands on.
When we moved to the Atlanta area, I discovered the Dekalb Farmer’s Market and it has quickly become a weekly shopping destination for me. From blood oranges to kohlrabi to dried chanterelles you can find just about anything you could imagine at an awesome price.
On my last trip, I picked up almost 2 lbs of dried chickpeas for a whopping $2.97. I followed Heidi’s recipe pretty closely, although I made a half batch of the hummus part but made the full jalapeno sauce portion.
I also didn’t have parsley on hand, so I swapped it for fresh chives instead. I expected a lot of heat from the jalapeno, but it gave a surprising freshness to the sauce… the heat really took until the next day’s leftovers to show up. Overall this was a smooth, satisfying accompaniment to some toasted oat pitas.
Creamy Jalapeno & Chive Hummus
(makes 2 cups of hummus)
1/2 lb dried chickpeas
1/2 tsp. baking soda
1/2 c. water
1/4 c. lemon juice
3/4 tsp. sea salt
1/4 c. tahini
1 clove garlic
1/4 c. chives
1 jalapeño, destemmed and deseeded
2 cloves garlic
1/2 tsp. sea salt
2/3 c. olive oil
Soak the chickpeas for 4 hours. Rinse and discard the water. Add 4 cups of water and the baking soda to the chickpeas. Boil over medium high heat for 40 minutes, skimming foam from the top. Drain.
Combine cooked chickpeas, water, lemon juice, salt, 1 clove of garlic and tahini to your food processor. Puree for several minutes, scraping down sides of the bowl in between to ensure smoothness. Put the hummus into a pretty serving bowl.
De-seed and de-stem the jalapeno and place it in the food processor bowl. Pulse it with the chive, garlic and salt. With the food processor running, slowly stream in the olive oil. Swirl the jalapeno sauce into the hummus until the desired flavor is achieved. (Leftovers can be used in a dressing, sauce or as a marinade).
The only thing that can make great coffee better is an awesome baked good to go alongside it. Jason and I have been huge fans of the caramellato at Octane Coffee in Atlanta since before we moved here. Their main location is walking distance of his office and it’s a fun funky place and these folks have serious brewing skills. Need I say more:
They recently opened a new location (near Grant park) and half of the store is “Little Tart Bake Shop”. One step inside and I fell in love. It’s bright and open, industrial and decorated with common materials but in a chic fun way. Large typography on the wall, huge mirrors-turned-dry erase-menu and lots of coffee alchemy going on. (It inspired us to incorporate more of the industrial look into our house renovation). On our first trip, we ordered several goodies because we couldn’t decide what to try, so many sweet & savory options.
By far our favorite was a golden blueberry buckle. A cross between a blueberry muffin and a scone, it was flecked with huge caramelized blueberries in a fluffy buttery crumb. I’ve been wanting to recreate it at home and I quickly learned that the interpretation of a buckle is widely varied. Some describe it as more of a coffee cake with a streusel on top. Others just a rustic dough baked on parchment into a biscuit shape. I decided to make a very large version of the Little Tart interpretation:
What sold me on this recipe was the addition of peaches or nectarines, a perfect compliment to the blueberries! I nixed the streusel for a wash of milk, sugar and cinnamon that gave the top a beautiful sticky golden covering. I opted to make one large buckle, but you could easily do this in 12 muffin tins for individual portions at a brunch. Enjoy!
Peach Blueberry Buckle
(serves 8-12)
3/4 c. unsalted butter, softened
3/4 c.sugar
2 tsp. homemade vanilla
1/4 tsp. baking powder
1 1/3 c. all-purpose flour
1/2 tsp. salt
3 eggs
1 pint blueberries
1 1/2 c. peaches or nectarines
1/4 c. milk
1 tsp. granulated sugar
1/4 tsp. cinnamon
Peel and dice the peaches and wash your blueberries. Let both strain to remove excess liquid.
In the meantime, cream together the butter and sugar until fluffy. Stir in the vanilla.
Combine the dry ingredients and add in 3 increments to the butter mixture, alternating with an egg each time. Don’t overmix.
Pour into a greased 9″ cake pan and smooth with a spatula. Prepare the milk wash with the remaining ingredients. Brush over the pastry until the whole surface is shiny (note: you may not use it all).
Bake at 350 for 45 minutes or until the top is golden brown and the center is set. Allow to cool and serve to your very lucky breakfast guests!
People ask you also sorts of questions when you are pregnant but the recent favorite is about what I’m craving. I haven’t had too many strange midnight snacks… the weirdest was that I wanted mini marshmallows, uh….frozen. (You should totally try it, hubby liked them too). A close second to that is chocolate and anything with cheese or carbs. I know it sounds like I’m in junk food heaven but I’ve actually been eating tons of leafy greens, lean proteins and fruit for the most part.
Anyway, back to marshmallows. I have been wanting to make them from scratch for a long time, but I had filed them away as one of those difficult recipes that you should only attempt when you have extra patience. To my surprise, they are actually relatively easy if you have the right tools! I came across these cute snowflake shaped ones and thought they would make a perfect topping to Hot Chocolate on a Stick which I first discovered on Pinterest, my new favorite source of inspiration.
We have a recent Christmas tradition of only getting gifts for the kids, so I thought Hot Chocolate on a Stick would be a fun inexpensive surprise for the adults. I wrapped them up in twos in cute gift packaging and printed up some little personalized labels to go along with them! I also put instructions on the back to heat up 8 oz of milk and stir in the stick for almost instant hot chocolate. Aren’t they fun?!
Here is the recipe if you want to make up a batch yourself!
Hot Chocolate on a Stick
(makes 48)
Homemade Marshmallows
(makes about 60 snowflakes & extra tidbits)
2 envelopes unflavored gelatin
2/3 c. water, divided in half
1 1/2 c. sugar
2/3 c. light corn syrup
1/8 tsp. salt
1 teaspoon homemade vanilla extract
Cooking spray
1/4 c. confectioners sugar
Line a 9×13 pan with non-stick foil and spray with cooking spray. Add 1/3 c. of cold water to gelatin in the bowl of your stand mixer fitted with the whisk attachment. Let soften while making the sugar syrup.
Heat sugar, remaining 1/3 c. water, corn syrup and salt in a saucepan over medium heat. Cover and bring to a boil until a candy thermometer reaches 238 degrees.
Whisk the gelatin on low speed and stream in the hot sugar mixture down the side of the bowl (caution: Hot sugar will burn you!) When all the sugar is poured in, raise the speed to high and beat mixture until it has tripled and is white, fluffy and sticky.
Spray a spatula with cooking spray and coax the sticky fluff into your prepared pan. Use an offset spatula to smooth it flat. Sprinkle the top with confectioners sugar and allow to firm up overnight.
You can cut the marshmallows into cubes or use a fun cookie cutter dipped in confectioners sugar to make shapes.
Cocoa Rounds or Blocks
½ c. heavy cream
14 oz. can sweetened condensed milk
3 3/4 cups dark chocolate chips
cooking spray
wooden sticks
Heat the heavy cream and sweetened condensed milk over low to medium heat until just steaming. Remove from heat and stir in the chocolate chips.
Allow to melt thoroughly. You can place it back over low heat if the chocolate is lumpy at all, but mine was very smooth after stirring. Be careful not to overheat it.
Prepare two mini muffin pans, by spraying with non-stick cooking spray. Using a small spring loaded icecream scoop, dispense the chocolate into each cup filling each 3/4 of the way full.
Poke each marshmallow long ways with a greased metal skewer or other sharp utensil. Slide the marshmallow 1 inch up the stick and dip into chocolate. Repeat for 48 sticks and then place in the refrigerator to harden. Package up and put a smile on the face of your friends during the colder months of the year!
I learned that you should always make a few extra in case the kids want to enjoy some too….
You are currently browsing the archives for the In the Kitchen category.
Hi my name is Amy and welcome to my blog, The Bake Cakery. This is a diary of sorts about things that make me happy, inspire me or make me laugh. Check out the about page for more info and info below to see what I'm up to. |
Anti-fans are the group of people who are opposed to particular person, system, or idea. This word is from a prefix 'anti-', which means 'opposed'. Anti-fans gather and criticize particular thing which they hate.
Anti-fans' activities are very diverse. Anti-fans usually work and share their views in online website. They make anti-fan page. E.g. anti-fan website, anti-fan blog, anti-fan internet cafe etc. And, they criticise their target, spread a rumor about the target, and post malicious comments to Internet articles. Anti-fans also work when they are offline. They sometimes boo and jeer at their target and even start a movement against the target.
Early their activities used to be constructive criticism, but nowadays the movement of anti-fans is changing to severe insult to their target with no specific reason. The ruthless attack causes a lot of social problems now. A lot of celebrities who are the anti-fans' target are suffering from their behaviors. In some case, they may accuse anti-fans of personal insults.
Object
Anti-fans' targets are various. The most usual target is entertainer. There are a lot of anti-fans' website for the entertainer who they dislike. E.g. Some anti-fans oppose a form of music, movie, athlete, politician, political party, TV series, idea etc. Surprisingly, the number of anti-fans tends to be proportional to the target's popularity. Thus, the number sometimes becomes a yardstick of star's popularity.
Intelligent anti-fan
Intelligent anti-fan is one type of anti-fans. Intelligent anti-fans act as if they are the target's real fan and do wrong and bad behaviors as the fan. They intelligently create the target's bad image and gather more anti-fan. |
Ganassi: Franchitti heartbroken over retirement
HOMESTEAD, FLA. (AP) - In the six years Dario Franchitti had been driving for Chip Ganassi, he had only phoned his boss once from his home in Scotland.
When Ganassi got a call this week, and heard the tone in Franchitti’s voice, he knew something was off.
“The first thing out of my mouth was, `What’s wrong?’” Ganassi said Friday.
Franchitti was calling to deliver difficult news: Doctors had told him it was too dangerous to continue racing because of injuries he sustained in an Oct. 6 crash at Houston when his car sailed into a fence. The three-time Indianapolis 500 winner fractured his spine, broke his ankle and suffered a concussion that day.
The threat of another concussion put Franchitti at too great a risk to continue racing, Ganassi said. Franchitti reluctantly announced his retirement Thursday.
“He was certainly heartbroken,” Ganassi said. “He’s a bit of a realist about it, too. I went through all the obvious questions. He said, `Look, I don’t want to go forward. I’d never want to go forward and risk hurting somebody else or risk further injury, much less hurt somebody else.’ He wouldn’t dare risk giving a black eye to the sport or something by trying some sort of end around. That was out of the question. He respects professionals.”
Franchitti had two surgeries on his broken ankle, one in Houston and one in Indianapolis, before traveling in the last two weeks to Miami to see IndyCar consultant Dr. Steve Olvey. The 40-year-old Franchitti then returned home to Scotland to continue his recovery.
He was in Scotland when he was advised to stop. Olvey, the associate professor of Clinical Neurology/Neurosurgery at the University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, told RACER.com that Franchitti has suffered three concussions since 2002 and the one at Houston “was a big one, a significant concussion.
“He’s got a higher risk for future concussions with less energy involved in a crash,” Olvey told RACER. “And, as we’ve seen in pro football, repeated concussions can lead to early dementia, so he’s got to think of his future. It’s just too great a risk to take.”
“Medically he has been told he’ll make a 100 percent recovery, we’ve been told that from day one,” Ganassi said. “These are all injuries that are recoverable. I don’t want anybody thinking he’s maimed for life.”
But he won’t be in the No. 10 Target car again, and Ganassi is now searching for a driver. He said he will field four cars next year, but isn’t sure if moving defending Indianapolis 500 winner Tony Kanaan into Franchitti’s car is an option; Kanaan was signed last month with different sponsors.
Ganassi, who had passed on signing James Hinchcliffe last month, now has to see who might be available.
“The obvious question is, do you go with a proven talent in that car or do you go with a young up-and-comer?” Ganassi said. “We’ve always taken the best driver that’s available at the time. That car is part of a team that for years has run at the front of the pack, and everything that goes along with running at the front in terms of scoring points for championships and helping teammates win championships. That’s not always the best position for a young, up-and-coming driver to come into. I’m not saying it can’t be done, but we have to look at all available options right now.”
Ganassi said replacement drivers has not been a priority this week as the organization has been attending to Franchitti, who said in his announcement he wants to remain involved with IndyCar in some capacity.
Franchitti’s retirement was still reverberating through the sport. Jimmie Johnson, who goes for his sixth NASCAR championship Sunday, said he feels horrible for his good friend.
“In one light, it shows just how bad his crash was. I’m just happy he is in good health,” Johnson said. “My heart goes out to him from the perspective of having racing taken from him before it was time. That’s got to be so tough to deal with. Everyone wants to walk away on their terms.”
Formula One driver Jenson Button said Franchitti made “the right decision” and praised his friend for his career accomplishments _ even if he’s not properly recognized in Europe for his achievements.
“He’s a long way away from Europe and a lot of American motorsport doesn’t really get the credit in Europe,” Button said at the U.S. Grand Prix. “It is what it is. It’s just a long way away. I don’t think it matters how many compliments he gets. He knows what he’s achieved and the people he cares about know as well. A very impressive career and he’s a great guy as well.”
Franchitti’s mentor, Jackie Stewart, said the four-time IndyCar champion is exiting on top and will be an asset outside of the car.
“There’s not much more he could achieve in American motor racing,” Stewart said at the U.S. Grand Prix. “I think he’s one of the real players in the business. He’s got a strong future in front of him because of the success he’s achieved in racing. Sad for motor racing because he’s a great asset to us: A great looking guy, very eloquent and he’s very fast.”
Franchitti also could be the unofficial face of the importance of baseline concussion testing in racing.
NASCAR is mandating the testing beginning next season, in part because of the two concussions Dale Earnhardt Jr. suffered last year. NASCAR will use the ImPACT test to measure verbal and visual memory, processing speed and reaction time, and determine if a driver is medically able to race following a concussion.
NASCAR President Mike Helton did not say Friday that Franchitti’s injury validated NASCAR’s decision to implement the testing. But he acknowledged the industry takes note when a champion driver has to get out of the car. Three-time NASCAR champion Tony Stewart has been out since August with a broken leg, and Denny Hamlin missed several races earlier this year with a fractured vertebra.
“I think it has a huge effect on all of the motorsports industry when a caliber of driver like Dario says he’s not going to get back in the car,” Helton said.
Defending NASCAR champion Brad Keselowski has been outspoken in his opposition of the testing, which has long been required in IndyCar.
“Doctors don’t understand our sport. They never have. Doctors aren’t risk takers. We are,” Keselowski has said. “That’s what makes our sport what it is. When you get doctors involved, you water down our sport.”
While not asked specifically about Keselowski, Ganassi referenced his stance while supporting the testing.
“Let’s just say I’m probably 180 degrees different than the current NASCAR champion feels about having doctors around, their input,” he said. “That statement comes from experiences that I’ve had personally. To break a bone is one thing, or to have a surgical procedure is another.
“But when it comes to your head, I think it’s important that everybody understands that’s probably the least known area of expertise by any doctor, and certainly there’s a lot of expertise out there. They’re just in the last four or five years understanding what injuries and implications of those injuries are.” |
Windham is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States.
Towns in New Hampshire |
package study.huhao.demo.infrastructure.persistence.blog;
import study.huhao.demo.domain.models.blog.Blog;
import study.huhao.demo.infrastructure.persistence.PersistenceObject;
public class BlogPO implements PersistenceObject<Blog> {
}
|
Westfield is a town in Orleans County, Vermont, United States.
Towns in Vermont |
Q:
Do something just after symfony2 login success and before redirect?
I'm searching for a while now, for any info, on how to do something after authentication success in symfony2. I want to rehash user password to use bcrypt just after successful authentication using old hash. I need to do this when I still have valid plain password so it should be just after credentials check and before redirect.
Any clues how to achieve that?
I found something about event dispatcher in Symfony but I can't find if there is any event after successful authentication.
Please correct me if I'm trying to do this wrong way and suggest some better approach.
//EDIT
Ok I found event fired just after auth success, it's called security.authentication.success. So i can now attach to this event but now I'm not sure where in my boundle code should I attach my event listener? Should I do that in my /src/Pkr/BlogUserBundle/DependencyInjection/PkrBlogUserExtension.php in load() method?
A:
You can specify a login success handler to be executed on successful login.
For example, your security.yml
firewalls:
main:
pattern: ^/
form_login:
success_handler: my.security.login_handler
Now create the class which implements Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Authentication\AuthenticationSuccessHandlerInterface and on successful login, you can do whatever you need and handle the redirect as you see fit.
/**
*
*/
public function onAuthenticationSuccess(Request $request, TokenInterface $token)
{
// handle it and return a response
}
Then create a service with that name in your services.xml for your bundle, or in your config.yml using the newly created handler.
I originally found out how to do this following this tutorial:
http://www.reecefowell.com/2011/10/26/redirecting-on-loginlogout-in-symfony2-using-loginhandlers/
|
Gloria Evangelina Anzaldua (September 26, 1942 - May 15, 2004) was an award-winning American radical feminist writer. She died from diabetes. Before she died she had been writing a book. She edited This Bridge Called My Back: Writings By Radical Women of Color with Cherrie Moraga. Her most well known book is Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza. She was born in the Rio de Grande valley of south Texas. She was a lesbian. She wrote books for children in English and Spanish. They are illustrated by Consuelo Mendez.
Awards
Before Columbus Foundation American Book Award (1986) - This Bridge Called My Back: Writings by Radical Women of Color
Lambda Lesbian Small Book Press Award (1991)
Lesbian Rights Award (1991)
Sappho Award of Distinction (1992)
National Endowment for the Arts Fiction Award (1991)
American Studies Association Lifetime Achievement Award (Bode-Pearson Prize - 2001).
Her work Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza was recognized as one of the 38 best books of 1987 by Library Journal and 100 Best Books of the Century by both Hungry Mind Review and Utne Reader.
In 2012, she was listed as one of the 31 LGBT history "icons" by the organisers of LGBT History Month. |
Honorable Robert S. Calvert
Comptroller of Public Accounts
Capitol Station
Austin, Texas
Opinion NO. w-679
Re: Questions relating to
amounts due retired
Texas Ran ers under
Section 68 Article XVI,
Texas Consiitution, and
Senate Bill 53, Acts
56th Legislature, Regular
Dear Mr. Calvert: Session, 1959.
We have received your request dated July 7, 1959,
in which you present the following questlons:
"(1). Please advise the amount of
money which should be paid to persons
eligible under the Senate Bill 53, for
the month of August?
Y(2). Please advise the amount of
money to be paid to a person for the month
of September, who became eligible for Ranger
benefits on the 15th day of September."
Section 66 of Article XVI of the Constitution of
Texas reads as follows:
"The Legislature shall have authority
to provide for a system of retirement and
disability pensions for retiring Texas
Rangers who have not been eligible at any
time formembership In the Employees Retire-
ment System of Texas as that retirement
system was established by Chapter 352, Acts
of the Fiftieth Legislature, Regular Session,
1947, and who have had as much as two (2)
years service as a Texas Ranger, and to their
widows; providing that no pension shall exceed
Honorable Robert S. Calvert, page 2 (w-679 1
Eighty Dollars ($80) per month to any
such
. Texas
. Ranger
._ or his __
widow provided
._ .
that sucn widow was legally marrlea prior
to January 1, 1957, to a Texas Ranger
qualifying for such pension."
Section 2 of Senate Bill 53, Acts 56th Legislature,
Regular Session, 1959, Chapter 283, Page 629, reads in part
as follows:
II. . . Full monthly payment shall be
made for each month commencing with the month
in which the completed application Is filed
and ending with the month In which the recipl-
ent dies." (Emphasis added).
Senate Bill 53 will become effective August 11,
1959, and will authorize a pension payment to be made for
August, 1959.
If the abdve quoted provisions of Senate Bill 53
were interpreted to require payment for the full amount of
the pension for August when the legislatlve authorization
did not become effective until August 11, such would contra-
vene Section 16 of Article I of the Constitution of Texas,
which prohibits such a retroactive effect. It Is well
established that a statute should be construed so as to
effectuate its purpose and in a manner to support its pre-
sumed constitutionality.
Therefore, in our opinion , eligible pensioners may
receive only that proportionate part of the August payment
represented by the period in August subsequent to the effect-
ive date of the Bill.
Your second question, In our opinion, is controlled
by when the properly completed application is filed. We shall
assume the person “who became eligible” for the benefits on
the 15th day of September also filed a completed application
before the end of the month.
It is olear that the Legislature intended the
recipient to receive the full amount of the monthly benefits
starting with the month In which the properly completed ap-
plloatlon is filed. The Courts give liberal construction to
such provisions in order to effectuate the purpose Intended
in statutes euch as this. See Teacher Retirement System v.
Duokworth, 260 S.W. 2d 632 t Clv.App. ,, a rmed an
/ -
Honorable Robert S. Calvert, Page 3 (w-679)
o inions adopted by the Supreme Court of Texas, 264 S.W. 2d
'$). Furthermore, we believe that If the complete application
is filed during the month of September, the recipient is to
receive full payment for the calendar month beginning September
1 and ending September 30. Such seems to be the construction
intended by the terms of the statute. (See Long v. City of
Wichita Falls, 142 Tex. 202, 176 S.W. 2d 936‘).
SUMMARY
Under Section 66, Article XVI of the
Constitution and Senate Bill 53, Acts
56th Legislature, Regular Session,
1959, recipients are to receive only
that portion of the August, 1959, pay-
ment represented by the period of
August subsequent to the effective date
of the Bill; subsequent monthly pay-
ments are to be made on the basis of a
full monthly payment for the calendar
month in which the completed application
is filed.
Yours very truly,
WILL WILSON
Attorney General of Texas
Tom I. McFarllng
Assistant
TIM:mfh:mg
APPROVED:
OPINIONCOMMITTED
Geo. P. Blackburn, Chairman
Robert T. Lewis
C. K. Richards
J. Milton Richardson
Zellner J. Turlington
REVIEWEDFOR THE ATTORNEY
GENERAL
By: Leonard Passmore
|
Cuanza Sul is a province of Angola. There are 1 881 873 people (2014). Sumbe is the capital. Cuanza Sul is on the south bank of the Cuanza River.
Provinces of Angola |
Q:
Linux lftp mv command with variable
I'm trying to read file name from a txt file and move files in a FTP server from one folder to another. I have the following command
grep '.rar' /home/xxxxx/public_html/xxxx/download.txt | while read -r line ; do lftp -e 'set net:timeout 20; mv "Folder Name/${line}" "Folder Name/tmp/${OUTPUT}"; bye' -u username,password ftps://11.11.11.11:990 ; done
However, the ${$line} variable is not being replaced with values and the FTP server is showing
file/directory not found (Folder Name/${line})
Any pointer would be appreciated. (I'm on Centos 6.5 if that helps).
A:
You have the whole command single quoted, which prevents bash parameter expansion within. You can fix that part by reversing the single and double quotes like so:
grep '.rar' /home/xxxxx/public_html/xxxx/download.txt | while read -r line ; do lftp -e "set net:timeout 20; mv 'Folder Name/${line}' 'Folder Name/tmp/${OUTPUT}'; bye" -u username,password ftps://11.11.11.11:990 ; done
Assuming you have no files with newlines or single quotes this should work I expect.
To help protect against special characters you can use printf instead of just directly expanding in place like:
grep '.rar' /home/xxxxx/public_html/xxxx/download.txt | while read -r line ; do lftp -e "set net:timeout 20; mv '$(printf 'Folder Name/%q' "${line}")' '$(printf 'Folder Name/tmp/%q' "${OUTPUT}")'; bye" -u username,password ftps://11.11.11.11:990 ; done
since we can use printf with %q to print a quoted/escaped string that can be used in the next layer of command
|
Wernberg-Koblitz is a market town in Schwandorf in Bavaria, Germany. |
Only three days left for the September Specials, and just FYI, I have received “word” that this is the last month I’ll be offering either of these specials for the foreseeable future. 🙂 Also, we still have two spaces (possibly only one space) left for the October 4 Accelerated Reiki 1 & 2 Certification Class held in our little faery cottage, with an optional in-person garden tour. Details on the specials and class below:
Tarot readings are particularly good for people who don’t know what kinds of questions to ask me; they just want some kind of guidance because they feel unsure of what’s coming or what to focus upon. Tarot also seems to benefit those people who have exceptionally good things coming their way, yet wonder if I might be “padding the reading” or “just saying what they want to hear.” The cards don’t lie. (Neither do I – but the cards seem that much more objective a medium for delivering good news.)
I have several different decks ranging from Robin Wood’s classic version, to an antique Italian set, faery cards, and even a Jane Austen Tarot, which is surprisingly thorough! I most often use Robin Wood’s deck, but I intuit which deck most suits any given situation or person. If you’re interested in a reading, please contact me to set up a session. I will then invoice you via PayPal. During our session I can email you a photo of your spread: wherever you happen to be, you can now experience the immediacy of an in-person reading. Offer valid through 9/30/14.
Timeline Tune-In and Tune-Up
This type of reading seems so important and helpful right now that I’ve felt led to extend it for another month.
This hour session helps you to recognize your likely trajectory based on current energy patterns, intentions, and habits … and then, I search for the closest parallel reality versions of “you” with very slight differences that lead to more preferred (and more varied/greater opportunities for) positive outcomes. The scan and download are actually easier for me to do than to explain here, but if you’ve ever seen the movie “Sliding Doors” with its alternate reality story lines that intersect at certain points throughout the film, I’ll be scanning you for the stickiest intersection points.
This reading gives you a heads up regarding the types of feelings, thoughts and experiences to watch for if you’re looking to sidestep onto a more positive timeline without needing to slog through linear time to get your desired life. In some cases, the preferred outcome even requires a sidestep, because the laws of cause and effect already set in motion on the current timeline are barreling you toward their “inevitable” end result. Fortunately, linear time’s not all it’s cracked up to be! These “timeline hops,” “portal points,” “reality jumps” — whatever you want to call them — are not only possible but powerful, and with awareness and practice, you can learn to surf such opportunities, charting your own course from current to next closest to preferred realities.
$133/hour if prepaid on or before 9/30/14.
(Offer can be multiplied if you would like one or more follow-up tune-ins, tune-ups at some later date.)
Please contact me if you’d like to sign up for one or both of these specials.
Students will receive all instruction, handouts, attunements and hands-on training to certify them as Reiki Level 2 practitioners. Pre-registration required, as space is limited in the cozy cottage, and handouts will be delivered in advance. Click here for more details and/or contact me to reserve your spot. |
Carlo Ancelotti (born 10 June 1959) is an Italian football manager and former player. He has played for Italy national team. He was a successful manager at Milan, helping them win the UEFA Champions League and UEFA Super Cup twice. Milan also won the Coppa Italia, Serie A, Italian Supercup and FIFA Club World Cup under his management. He is the manager of the La Liga club Real Madrid.
Statistics
Club career statistics
|-
|1976/77||rowspan="3"|Parma||rowspan="2"|Serie C||1||0
|-
|1977/78||21||8
|-
|1978/79||Serie C1||33||5
|-
|1979/80||rowspan="8"|Roma||rowspan="8"|Serie A||27||3
|-
|1980/81||29||2
|-
|1981/82||5||0
|-
|1982/83||23||2
|-
|1983/84||9||0
|-
|1984/85||22||3
|-
|1985/86||29||0
|-
|1986/87||27||2
|-
|1987/88||rowspan="5"|Milan||rowspan="5"|Serie A||27||2
|-
|1988/89||28||2
|-
|1989/90||24||3
|-
|1990/91||21||1
|-
|1991/92||12||2
338||35
338||35
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1981||4||1
|-
|1982||0||0
|-
|1983||4||0
|-
|1984||0||0
|-
|1985||0||0
|-
|1986||5||0
|-
|1987||3||0
|-
|1988||5||0
|-
|1989||0||0
|-
|1990||4||0
|-
|1991||1||0
|-
!Total||26||1
|}
Manager |
As a form of network including a plurality of nodes, an ad hoc network has been put into practical use. In the ad hoc network, path selection is performed autonomously in each node. That is, each node equipment (or, a communication equipment) of the ad hoc network has a function to operate as a router or a switch. Here, each node equipment is capable of recognizing the network configuration in the surrounding by transmitting and receiving a message and the like with adjacent node equipments. Therefore, by adopting the ad hoc (especially the wireless ad hoc) system, only by implementing node equipments in the environment in which establishment of the network is desired, the desired network may be established, without providing a management equipment to manage the entire network. Furthermore, in the ad hoc network, addition or deletion of a node is easy, making it possible to easily change the network configuration.
As an embodiment of the ad hoc network, a wireless multi-hip network having a tree structure topology has been known, where data is transmitted from each node to a certain node (for example, a gateway node or a root node). For example, a sensor network has been put into practical use where a gateway node equipment collects information detected at each node. As an access scheme of the wireless link, an autonomous distributed access scheme is adopted in many cases. For example, in wireless LAN and ZigBee, CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance) is adopted. In this scheme, transmission opportunities are equally assigned to the respective nodes, and the respective node equipments can regularly transmit a packet.
As a related art, a configuration and method for improving the throughput of the entire system by preventing the buffer overflow due to data packet congestion in the wireless communication equipment that is a relay node in the wireless ad hoc network system. (For example, Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2006-101477)
In the wireless multi-hop network, when each node equipment autonomously transmits a packet, congestion may occur in a relay node for example. Especially in the wireless multi-hop network where data is transmitted from each node to the gateway node, congestion may occur in the vicinity of the gateway (hereinafter, gateway may be referred to as GW).
For example, in the wireless multi-hop network illustrated in FIG. 1A, it is assumed that each of node equipments A-G regularly transmits a packet to the GW node. In the example illustrated in FIG. 1A, in a transmission cycle, the node equipments A-G respectively generate and transmit packets A-G. Meanwhile, it is assumed that each node equipment transmits a packet to an adjacent node on the path towards the final destination node (that is, the GW node). For example, the node equipment C transmits the packet C to the node A in a certain transmission cycle. Then, the node equipment A stores the packet C received from the node C in the transmission buffer, and forwards the packet C to the node E in another transmission cycle. Further, the node equipment E stores the packet C received from the node A in the transmission buffer, and forwards the packet C to yet another transmission cycle. In this way, the packet transmitted from each node is forwarded to the final destination node.
However, in the configuration where each node autonomously transmits a packet, there is a possibility that congestion occurs in one or a plurality of relay nodes. In the example illustrated in FIG. 1A, in a certain transmission cycle, the node equipments B, C, D respectively transmit the packets B, C, D to the node A. Then, as illustrated in FIG. 1B, the packets B, C, D are stored in the transmission buffer of the node A. In a similar manner, in the transmission buffer of the node equipment E, the packets A, F transmitted respectively from the node A, F are stored. In addition, in the transmission buffer of the node equipment F, the packet G transmitted from the node G is stored. After that, if each node equipment respectively generate and transmit a new packet regularly, there is a risk that overflow occurs in the transmission buffers of the nodes A, E, F (especially the node A). This is because, while the transmission opportunity obtained in CSMA/CA is equal to each node, the number of packets to be transmitted (that is, the number of received packets) is larger in anode where more paths concentrate. That is, when the nodes A-D respectively obtains one transmission opportunity in a transmission cycle, while the node A is capable of transmitting one packet (packet A), the node A receives packets B-D at the same time. A similar operation is repeated in the subsequent cycles. For this reason, in the transmission buffer of the node A, three packets are added in each transmission cycle.
This problem may be solved, for example, by the node equipment where congestion has occurred sending a notification of a message to make a request to the transmission source node for a reduction in the transmission rate. However, in this method, there is a need to transmit a packet to send a notification of the message, and this packet is also stored in the transmission buffer, which may deteriorate the congestion condition.
In addition, when the network topology is known, the problem above may be solved by setting the transmission rate or the transmission bandwidth of the node equipment that is susceptible to the occurrence of congestion higher compared with other node equipments. However, in the wireless multi-hop network, the radio wave condition is not constant, and there may be a change in the wireless link between nodes. In this case, the network topology changes, and accordingly, the node that is susceptible to congestion also changed. In addition, even in a case in which the topology (forwarding path) does not change, the number of packets that each node forwards may change in some cases. In this case, assuming that a transmission rate is fixedly assigned to a node where the paths concentrate, when there are no or a small number of packets transmitted from the node and nodes under the node, unnecessary resources are assigned. Then, the transmission opportunity of other nodes is reduced, and may decrease the throughput of the entire network. |
Autumn in New York is a 2000 American romantic drama movie directed by Joan Chen and starring Richard Gere, Winona Ryder, Anthony LaPaglia, Elaine Stritch, Sherry Springfield, Jill Hennessy, J.K. Simmons, Mary Beth Hurt. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. |
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates generally to chip or die handling during fabrication of microelectronic circuit chips and specifically to a method and apparatus for facilitating the removal of circuit chips from wafer handling tape after separation operations such as sawing or scribing.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Current conventional practice in the manufacture of circuit chips most commonly involves the fabrication of semiconductor wafers which are usually 2 to 6 inches in diameter and approximately 0.010 inch to 0.020 inch thick. Formed on one surface of the wafer is a grid of semiconductor devices comprising individual circuit elements which are to be separated into discrete circuit chips or dies. These individual circuit elements typically vary in size from 0.010" to 0.50" square. Such circuit chips vary tremendously in circuitry and function but are generally processed similarly once formed on a wafer. In particular, the circuit chips are separated with a diamond saw or diamond scriber after the wafer has been mounted to a piece of wafer handling tape such that the wafer is fixed during the sawing operation and the chips thus separated from each other are held in place after completion of the sawing operation. The tape bearing the wafer can be affixed to a film frame either by hand or with a wafer film frame mounting device as is conventional in the art. After separation of the circuit chips from each other, the individual chips must be removed from the tape without damage to the chips. Conventional practice has included the use of a wafer expanding device which facilitates the separation of the circuit chips from each other. The circuit chips are then manually removed from the tape after expanding through the use of tweezers, vacuum pencils, etc. or through the use of devices such as die ejector systems. The manual techniques including the use of tweezers suffer from the disadvantages that damage often occurs to the circuit chips simply through mechanical contact between the tweezers and the circuit chips. The use of die ejector systems also has disadvantages including the transfer of small spots of tape onto the back of the circuit chips once the ejector needle of the ejector system becomes dull through use. Many ejector systems impact the back of the circuit chip with such force that discontinuities can be formed in the back surface of the chip.
Prior attempts to address the problems noted above include those methods and apparatus described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,667,944 and 4,711,014 to Althouse. As described in these patents, Althouse provides a fabric having spaced fiber cross overs used in association with a chip-bearing tape with vacuum forces being used to facilitate removal of chips from the tape. Chough et al., in U.S. Pat. No. 3,809,050, mounts a wafer for dicing with a vacuum plate having individual apertures which apparently align with each chip after dicing. Chough et al. do not provide the ability to pull portions of the tape contacting each chip away from the chip for facilitating release of the chip from the tape. Wheeler, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,433,835, and Avedissien et al., in U.S. Pat. No. 4,472,218, teach the use of vacuum to hold either undiced or diced wafers in place for processing operations. Avedissien et al. remove chips from a tape through the use of a punch-like needle which comes up from beneath the tape and contacts the chip to separate the chip from the tape. As such, Avedissien et al. describe the use of die ejector systems having problems as are noted above. In U.S. Pat. No. 4,664,739, Aurichio describes heating of a wafer/adhesive film assembly prior to dicing. However, Aurichio does not utilize his heating step in a manner which would facilitate removal of circuit chips from handling tape. In U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,851,758 and 3,915,784, Makhijani et al. utilize a bond releasing fluid for removing chips from a tape. Beltz et al, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,466,852, also utilize a fluid for dislodging chips from a tape. Prior art similar to that noted above can also be found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,681,139 to Jannett et al. and 4,395,451 to Althouse. While the methodology and apparatus described in the aforesaid patents are directed in certain respects to the problems addressed by the present method and apparatus, the prior art including the art represented by the aforesaid patents does not fully address the problems noted above relative to the removal of circuit chips directly from wafer handling tape or other handling tape without damage to the circuit chips. The present method and apparatus greatly facilitates removal of circuit chips from such tape both rapidly and without damage to the circuit chips. Further, practice of the present invention allows elimination of certain steps conventionally employed in the removal of chips from tape and also eliminates the need for apparatus utilized in the practice of these steps. Accordingly, the invention provides method and apparatus which facilitates rapid removal of circuit chips from wafer handling tape and similar tapes with reduced damage to the circuit chips and at lower cost due to the elimination of certain presently conventional processing steps and the apparatus necessary for practice of these processing steps. |
Rui Pedro dos Santos Patricio (born 15 February 1988) is a Portuguese professional footballer. He plays as a goalkeeper for English club Wolverhampton Wanderers and the Portugal national team.
Career statistics
Club
International
Honours
Club
Sporting
Taca de Portugal: 2006-07, 2007-08, 2014-15
Taca da Liga: 2017-18
Supertaca Candido de Oliveira: 2007, 2008, 2015
International
Portugal
UEFA European Championship: 2016
UEFA Nations League: 2018-19
FIFA Confederations Cup: Third place 2017
Individual
SJPF Player of the Month: April 2011
SJPF Young Player of the Month: January 2008, April 2009, November 2010, March 2011, April 2011
LPFP Primeira Liga Goalkeeper of the Year: 2011-12, 2015-16
Sporting CP Footballer of the Year: 2011, 2012
UEFA European Championship Team of the Tournament: 2016
SJPF Primeira Liga Team of the Year: 2017
UEFA Europa League Squad of the Season: 2017-18
Orders
Commander of the Order of Merit |
<?php
class NouseBundle extends \Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Bundle\Bundle
{
}
|
Shinichi Terada (born 10 June 1985) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Yokohama.
Club career statistics
|-
|2004||rowspan="6"|Gamba Osaka||rowspan="6"|J. League 1||1||0||2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||3||0
|-
|2005||2||0||2||1||3||1||colspan="2"|-||7||2
|-
|2006||20||0||3||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||23||1
|-
|2007||21||2||4||3||6||1||colspan="2"|-||31||6
|-
|2008||13||2||3||0||3||0||3||0||22||2
|-
|2009||5||1||0||0||1||0||3||0||9||1
|-
|2010||Yokohama||J. League 2||||||||||||||||||||
62||5||14||5||13||2||6||0||95||12
62||5||14||5||13||2||6||0||95||12
|} |
Q:
php http authentication: ask for password every time website is loaded?
my question is:
how can i do in php, that EVERY TIME a website is loaded it asks for the http authentication and not just the first time?
A:
I believe you are referring to basic auth.
The browser provides authentication, and you have absolutely no control over it. You cannot use this method for what you are asking, you must use another.
Technically speaking, your script shouldn't be allowing access to the resource if the browser doesn't provide proper credentials. The browser provides credentials for each resource accessed. But, the user will only be prompted once per browser usage session, generally.
You can read about it here: http://www.php.net/manual/en/features.http-auth.php#100396
|
Wolfgang Ketterle (born 21 October 1957) is a German physicist. He is a professor of physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). His works focused on experiments that trap and cool atoms to temperatures close to absolute zero.
He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001, together with Eric Allin Cornell and Carl Wieman. |
import Decoration6 from './src/main.vue'
export default function (Vue) {
Vue.component(Decoration6.name, Decoration6)
}
|
The Wright brothers, Orville Wright (August 19, 1871 - January 30, 1948) and Wilbur Wright (April 16, 1867 - May 30, 1912), designed, built, and flew the first controlled, powered, heavier-than-air airplane on December 17, 1903. They had been experimenting for many years with gliders and other vehicles before their first powered flight. They are also known for making the first way to steer an airplane. They designed the aircraft in Dayton, Ohio, and their first test flight was in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.
Before building airplanes
The Wrights grew up in Dayton, Ohio. They were sons of a minister. There were many books in their house, and they were encouraged to ask questions and discover whatever they thought was interesting. Sometimes their father would ask them to argue for a topic, then switch sides and argue for the opposite point of view.
They went to high school, but did not go to college; they started a newspaper instead. After that, they started a shop to build and repair bicycles.
Learning how to fly
"By the 1890s, the Wrights were interested in flight, especially the gliders of Otto Lilienthal. They started working on making airplanes in their bicycle shop. They thought controlling a plane was one of the big problems of flight. Lilienthal and others had been killed when they could not control their aircraft. The Wright brothers fixed the problem by inventing control surfaces, such as a rudder that would work in the air. They built wings that could be twisted a little and moved up and down slightly, to control flight. They called this steering system wing-warping.
From 1900 to 1902, they built gliders in Dayton and tested them in Kitty Hawk, where there were strong and steady winds. They also made small versions of the wings and built a wind tunnel for model airplanes to test how well different wing shapes would lift an airplane."
Flying
In 1903, they built a powered airplane that had propellers and a small engine. The Wright Flyer airplane first flew successfully on December 17, 1903, near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. This was the first time people ever flew a powered airplane they could control. Before that, people flew in balloons or gliders, or for a very short time in planes they could not control. The two brothers continued to make changes to their design and had a very good plane by 1905.
The Wright Brothers kept their discovery largely secret for a couple of years, until they showed it to the world in 1908 (They had filed a patent on their steering system March 23, 1903.)
After that, they started a company to build airplanes. They had a patent war with Glenn Curtiss, filing lawsuits against each other over who really invented the airplane steering system. The Wrights believed that Curtiss' aileron system was too similar to their own steering system and that he had copied them. During the patent war, Wilbur died. Orville continued working to keep his reputation as the first man to fly. Later he sold the airplane company and became an elder statesman of aviation. He died in 1948. |
Levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and endothelin-1 in ischemic stroke: a longitudinal prospective study.
To determine levels of vascular cellular adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 and endothelin (ET)-1 in patients with stroke. Thirty-four patients were prospectively studied. Plasma levels of VCAM-1 and ET-1 were measured by ELISA within 72 h of the event, at 7 and 90 days. Levels of VCAM-1 increased overtime, whereas ET-1 values were initially and persistently elevated. Increased circulating levels of VCAM-1 and ET-1 are present during stroke. |
Saconin-et-Breuil is a commune in the Picardie region, Aisne department in north France. |
Q:
Different Wordpress Featured Image Overlay Effect
I have a grid of images (created by the featured image of each posts) and would like to have a hover effect applied to each image.
I would like it to display the title of the post with a coloured overlay. The entire image is overlaid/replaced with a coloured background with the post title contained within the image box.
The big thing is though, I would like there to be different coloured backgrounds for each post.
current code (content page.php) -
<article id="post-<?php the_ID(); ?>" <?php post_class('col-md-4 col-sm-4 pbox '); ?>>
<?php
$thumb = get_post_thumbnail_id();
$img_url = wp_get_attachment_url( $thumb,'full' ); //get full URL to image (use "large" or "medium" if the images too big)
$image = aq_resize( $img_url, 750, 560, true ); //resize & crop the image
?>
<?php if($image) : ?>
<a href="<?php the_permalink(); ?>"> <img class="img-responsive" src="<?php echo $image ?>"/></a>
<?php endif; ?>
<div class = "box-ovrly">
<h2 class="box-title"><a href="<?php the_permalink(); ?>" rel="bookmark"><?php the_title(); ?></a></h2>
<div class="box-meta"><?php the_category(', '); ?></div>
</div>
</article><!-- #post-## -->
Struggling to figure out how to overlay in general, then move on to more complicated styling like specific colours. The examples I found use the link tags 'hover' effect but I can't manipulate that to work for me
ex.
<a href="#" id="box-ovrly"><img src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/- todb82eBRF4/T2iE-lgY2LI/AAAAAAAABNo/HMhNfppjrHg/s1600/reddit%2Balien.JPG"> <p>REDDIT!</p></a>
with the hover absolute positioned over the image
A:
Maybe this is what you want, Notice the applied CSS. As Well:
// Generate Random Color
function getRandomColor() {
var letters = '0123456789ABCDEF'.split('');
var color = '#';
for (var i = 0; i < 6; i++ ) {
color += letters[Math.floor(Math.random() * 16)];
}
return color;
}
$('article').hover(
function () {
var color = getRandomColor();
$('.box-ovrly', this).addClass('ovrly_start');
$('.box-ovrly', this).css('background', color);
},
function() {
$('.box-ovrly', this).removeClass('ovrly_start');
}
);
DEMO
|
Kelly Price (born April 4, 1973 in Queens, New York City) is an American contemporary R&B, gospel and soul singer. She started her singing career in 1992. Price was on several hit singles by other R&B, hip hop and soul artists. The include "Mo Money Mo Problems" from The Notorious B.I.G., "Fantasy" from Mariah Carey and "Feel So Good" from Mase.
Price released her first studio album Soul of a Woman in August 1998. The record had the hit single "Friend of Mine". The song remix, also on the album, had singers R. Kelly and Ronald Isley. Both the original and remix versions were #1 on the United States Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. "Friend of Mine" received the Soul Train Music Award for the Best New Artist.
Price released her second studio album, Mirror Mirror, in June 2000 under the Def Soul area of Def Jam Records. The second record had the songs "You Should've Told Me" and "As We Lay" (her cover of the 1986 hit by Shirley Murdock). A Christmas record, One Family, was released just before Thanksgiving 2001.
In 2006, Price recorded the song "Why?" for the soundtrack of the 2007 comedy-drama movie Why Did I Get Married?.
Kelly's breast cancer work
Price's mother and mother-in-law were diagnosed with breast cancer in late 1998. The earlier later died of the condition. The latter was given two months to live after her diagnosis. However, the mother of Kelly Price, Claudia Price-North, survived the breast cancer. Price-North was treated with chemotherapy. The cancer went into in complete remission by October 2006. Almost fourteen years later, Price-North died from unknown causes at age 69.
Discography
Studio albums
Soul of a Woman (1998)
Mirror Mirror (2000)
One Family: A Christmas Album (2001)
Priceless (2003)
This Is Who I Am (2006)
Kelly (2011)
Sing Pray Love, Vol. 1: Sing (2014)
Grace (2021) |
c?
True
Let b be 2 + 52/9 - (-18)/81. Suppose b*d = 3*d - s + 2350, 1880 = 4*d - 3*s. Let z = d + -283. Is z a multiple of 17?
True
Let o be (-100)/(-40)*2*319. Suppose -4*g + 1276 = 2*h, -5*g - 4*h + o = -2*h. Is 10 a factor of g?
False
Suppose 554038 - 230997 - 3299177 = -218*z. Is z a multiple of 57?
False
Let g(n) = 2*n**3 - 11*n**2 - 4*n - 13. Let w(s) = -3*s**3 + 13*s**2 + 2*s + 14. Let p(j) = 4*g(j) + 3*w(j). Is 10 a factor of p(-5)?
True
Let m(i) = -i**2 - 2*i + 3. Let b be m(-3). Suppose b = 9*l - 6 - 21. Suppose -475 = -l*n + 188. Is n a multiple of 17?
True
Let j be (3 - 2)/((-2)/(-22)). Suppose 8*t = -j + 27. Is 8 a factor of 25/1 + -3 - t/(-1)?
True
Let s = -18 + 20. Suppose 3*p + 1 = -2*f + s, -4*f = -p - 9. Suppose f*a = -2*a + 120. Is 10 a factor of a?
True
Let w be -2 + ((-332)/(-1) - -2). Let z = 550 - w. Suppose 5*a - 2 = z. Does 11 divide a?
True
Let f = -14 - -21. Suppose 5*x - 3 = f. Suppose -x*s - 4*p = -2*p - 24, -2*p - 24 = -2*s. Does 7 divide s?
False
Suppose -4*f - 43 = -55. Suppose -5*a = -l - 1895, 0 = -a - f*l - 4 + 367. Does 9 divide a?
True
Suppose -10*f + 20 = -8*f. Suppose 38 - f = -2*w. Is 12 a factor of ((-14)/(-4))/((-1)/w) - 0?
False
Suppose 12*h = -h + 299. Suppose -34*p = -h*p - 770. Is 26 a factor of p?
False
Suppose -89*t + 76*t - 1499706 = -91*t. Is t a multiple of 29?
True
Suppose -6*m + 111*m = 406560. Does 11 divide m?
True
Let v(o) = 25*o**3 - 32*o**2 - 114*o**3 + 30*o**2 - 4 - 8*o. Is v(-2) a multiple of 48?
False
Let a = -957 + 477. Let j be (a/(-9) - -1) + 3/(-9). Suppose t - 2*n - j = -0*n, t + 4*n = 30. Is 7 a factor of t?
False
Let t = 43362 + -30306. Does 17 divide t?
True
Let o = 470 - 204. Suppose 9*j + o = 986. Does 4 divide j?
True
Let p(g) = -g**2 + 1. Let a = -22 + 21. Let q(t) = 5*t**3 + 4*t**2 - 1. Let w(c) = a*q(c) - 5*p(c). Does 5 divide w(-2)?
True
Suppose -3274520 = -114*a - 183410. Is a a multiple of 145?
True
Suppose 11*d - 1435 = 18*d. Is 14 a factor of (-26 + d)*(-4)/6?
True
Suppose 8*c = -20 + 100. Is (c*-2)/((-6)/12) a multiple of 4?
True
Suppose 36*a = 95*a - 382143. Is 108 a factor of a?
False
Suppose 0 = -16*g + 18*g + 12. Let q = g - -86. Let f = q + 15. Is 19 a factor of f?
True
Suppose -2848 = -2*r + 4761*l - 4759*l, -2*r = 3*l - 2868. Is 6 a factor of r?
True
Let y(t) = -t**3 + t**2 + 141*t - 30. Is 2 a factor of y(-13)?
False
Let t(o) = -111*o - 534. Is 14 a factor of t(-82)?
True
Suppose 0 = -193*o + 190*o + 56436. Is 7 a factor of o/42 - 88/(-924)?
True
Let y(m) = m**2 - 6*m - 37. Let o be y(19). Suppose 0 = -176*p + 181*p - o. Is p a multiple of 7?
True
Let g(u) = -u**3 + 39*u**2 + 130*u - 102. Is 6 a factor of g(42)?
True
Let t(g) = 1468*g**2 + 107*g - 249. Is t(3) a multiple of 82?
True
Suppose -39*l = -36*l + 5*r - 11659, l = 4*r + 3858. Is l a multiple of 7?
True
Let p = -220 - -278. Suppose -6*h + 2*h = -2*x - 82, 2*h - 152 = 4*x. Let l = x + p. Does 3 divide l?
True
Suppose 14*c - 9*c = 5*b + 5275, 3*c - 2*b = 3170. Is 26 a factor of 4 + (16/(-88) - c/(-22))?
True
Suppose 0 = 2*q - 5*q + 168. Suppose -2*o = 4, 0 = -5*g - o - q + 1374. Does 22 divide g?
True
Suppose 23*q = 19*q + 20. Suppose n - q*n = -288. Is 4 a factor of n?
True
Let s(j) = 3*j + 1. Let u(f) = 6*f**3 + 4*f**2 - 2*f - 2. Let k be u(2). Let z = k - 53. Is 3 a factor of s(z)?
False
Suppose 533*l + 20 = 532*l. Does 2 divide (-16)/l*195/26?
True
Let c(v) = -v**2 + 43*v + 488. Is 20 a factor of c(36)?
True
Let m = -40 + 53. Let g be -15 + m + 4*122/4. Suppose -h - 5*b + 85 = -38, -h + g = 4*b. Is h a multiple of 27?
True
Let g(b) = -10*b**2 - 78*b + 34. Let w(s) = -3*s**2 - 26*s + 12. Let h(i) = -3*g(i) + 8*w(i). Is h(-6) a multiple of 12?
False
Suppose 12*n + 4*p - 68624 = 8*n, 0 = -p + 4. Is n a multiple of 67?
True
Let n(r) = -12*r - 130. Let o be n(12). Let f = o - -531. Does 3 divide f?
False
Let o be (651635/106)/(5/4). Suppose -15*z + 8297 + o = 0. Does 13 divide z?
False
Suppose -764*g - 4*q = -759*g - 9829, g + 3*q - 1968 = 0. Is 11 a factor of g?
False
Is 21 a factor of (-1152)/(-15)*(732/18 + 6)?
False
Suppose o = 5*h + 684, -3*o - 3*h = o - 2759. Is o a multiple of 4?
False
Let u be 1243 + (44/(-33))/(4/(-15)). Suppose u = -42*z + 50*z. Is 12 a factor of z?
True
Let b(p) = p**3 - 2*p**2 - 27*p + 21. Let n be b(6). Suppose 5*u - 2*u + o - 1961 = 0, 3*u = -n*o + 1965. Is u a multiple of 22?
False
Suppose -35*l + 56*l = 42. Suppose -i + 5*h - 151 = -l*i, 3*h = 2*i - 367. Does 44 divide i?
True
Let r = 118 + -58. Suppose -9*s + 57 = -r. Is 13 a factor of (-4)/(-2 + s/7)?
False
Let l = 11821 + -6758. Does 26 divide l?
False
Let q = -38 - -38. Suppose q = -4*y - 148 + 1308. Suppose -2*d = -2*f + y, -104 - 345 = -3*f - 4*d. Is 21 a factor of f?
True
Suppose -9 = -q - 0. Suppose 0 = -4*k + q*k - 265. Let o = k + -44. Is o a multiple of 5?
False
Suppose -4*v = -5*f - 89, f + 2*f = 5*v - 43. Let q be (15/9 - 2) + 413/f. Let u = 33 + q. Is 2 a factor of u?
False
Let v = -27 - -52. Suppose 6*u - 5*u = -5*i + v, -5*i + 3*u + 5 = 0. Suppose -6*h = i*a - h - 44, 0 = a - 3*h + 6. Is 4 a factor of a?
False
Suppose -g + 5*p = -9100 - 14660, 6*g = -2*p + 142496. Is 25 a factor of g?
True
Suppose -l + 2 = -0*l. Let p be ((-396)/(-60) + -9)*11*-5. Suppose 8*a = l*a + p. Is a a multiple of 11?
True
Is ((-36)/(-96))/(5/20) - (-26785)/2 a multiple of 162?
False
Let i be -25*2/(-6)*3*-1. Let x(n) = -n**3 - 26*n**2 - 26*n + 20. Is 3 a factor of x(i)?
True
Suppose -4*x - 2*z - z = -168, 3*z = 4*x - 144. Suppose h - x - 53 = 0. Suppose -5*q + 103 + h = 0. Is q a multiple of 5?
False
Suppose -2*w - 3*t + 26 + 64 = 0, 0 = 4*w - 3*t - 144. Let z = w - 38. Is 3 a factor of (-116)/(-6) + ((-8)/(-12) - z)?
False
Let s be -1*(-3)/(-6)*(-2 - 2). Let y = 49 + -44. Is 7 a factor of s*35 + y*(-21)/(-35)?
False
Let o be 1/(-8) + (-2052)/(-32) + 3. Let f = o - -75. Suppose -n + 5*y = -85, -2*n + y = -f - 37. Is n a multiple of 15?
True
Let b = -116 + -6. Let d = -102 - b. Is d a multiple of 4?
True
Suppose 571 = -12*s + 3235. Is 23 a factor of s?
False
Let l(j) = -417*j - 36. Let z be (0 + 1)/(5 - 6). Does 11 divide l(z)?
False
Suppose -25*l - 48*l = 27*l - 1123200. Is 24 a factor of l?
True
Let b = 92 - 92. Suppose 6*l - 29*l + 10396 = b. Is 41 a factor of l?
False
Suppose -57 = -17*o + 266. Suppose -18*c = -o*c + 935. Is 71 a factor of c?
False
Suppose 5*y - 8*y = -1248. Suppose 2*u = 3*j + 1491, -3383 = -4*u + 3*j - y. Is u a multiple of 18?
True
Let x be (-1 + 0)/(1/(-24)). Let m = 84 - x. Suppose 0 = 5*t - d - m, -3*t = 5*d - 25 - 11. Does 12 divide t?
True
Let l(p) = 13*p**2 - 14*p + 806. Is 112 a factor of l(20)?
False
Let a be 7 - -10 - (4 + 2). Suppose -350 = a*z - 18*z. Does 19 divide z?
False
Is 74 a factor of 2*1 - (-3149 + (-299)/(-23))?
False
Let o(u) = -u**3 - 11*u**2 + 13*u + 10. Let p be o(-12). Is (p - 130/(-4))*(-2 + 22) a multiple of 39?
False
Let i = -20155 - -41176. Is 49 a factor of i?
True
Let o = 36 + -41. Let q(f) = -6*f**2 + 6*f + 6. Let i(g) = -7*g**2 + 5*g + 6. Let m(c) = o*i(c) + 6*q(c). Does 9 divide m(6)?
True
Suppose -3*v + 2*v = -25. Let l = v + -25. Is (4 + -3)*(44 + l) a multiple of 7?
False
Suppose -76 = -6*c - 22. Suppose 5*q - 467 = 5*a + 83, c = -3*a. Does 19 divide q/3 + (-3)/(-9)?
False
Let l(x) = 6*x**2 - 5*x + 2. Let p be l(1). Suppose f - 1157 = -v, 4*v + p*f - 5781 = -v. Does 21 divide v?
True
Let f = -70 - -75. Suppose f*d = 32 - 152. Is 15 a factor of (-3)/(74/140 - d/(-40))?
False
Let w = 12175 + -10479. Is w a multiple of 81?
False
Let b(c) = 1514*c**2 + 42*c + 88. Is 15 a factor of b(-2)?
True
Let a(v) = 60*v**2 - 2*v + 416. Is a(13) a multiple of 39?
True
Let o(i) = 148*i**2 - 70*i + 16. Is o(6) a multiple of 29?
False
Let x = -865 - -865. Let r = 2 - -3. Suppose x = r*g - 64 - 161. Does 17 divide g?
False
Suppose -5*q - 129 = -x - 7, x - 104 = -4*q. Let h = 146 - x. Does 17 divide h?
True
Let c = -7463 - -13819. Does 70 divide c?
False
Let j be 4/(-6)*(-11724)/8. Let s = j - 101. Does 73 divide s?
True
Let c = -97 - -57. Let t be (623/10 + (-8)/c)*2. Let s = t + -50. Does 14 divide s?
False
Let k = 804 - -7844. Does 46 divide k?
True
Suppose -26*z - 68 - 4170 = 0. Let y = -43 - z. Does 12 divide y?
True
Let x = 91 - 86. Suppose -4*m + f + 1144 = 0, -5*f = x*m + 566 |
Princess Peach Toadstool (sometimes called Peach) is a character in the Mario video game series. In most of the games she appears in, she is kidnapped by the reptile monster King Bowser and his son, Bowser Jr. She is the princess of the Mushroom Kingdom, which is the main setting of most of the Mario games.
Appearance
Princess Peach's looks are different than what they used to be. In her first game, Super Mario Bros. (1985), she had red hair and her dress was white. She had dark red hair in Super Mario Bros. 2 (1986). In Super Mario World (1991), her looks changed. She had yellow hair. In the Mario sport series games, she wears different dresses because she cannot play well in her normal, long, pink dress.
Her name has changed over the years. In Japan, her name was always Peach. When Nintendo sold Super Mario Bros. in other countries, she was called Princess Toadstool. In Super Mario 64, her name became Princess Peach Toadstool.
Peach appears most often as the damsel-in-distress - always being kidnapped by Bowser. Mario must always rescue her. In Super Princess Peach (2006), the tables are turned and Bowser kidnaps Mario instead. Peach must then rescue Mario.
Peach has been voiced by two different actresses. The first was Leslie Swan. The second was Jen Taylor.
Playable appearances
Super Mario Bros. 2--1988
Mario Teaches Typing--1992
Super Mario Kart--1992
Super Mario All-Stars--1993
Mario's Early Years: Fun with Letters--1994
Mario's Early Years: Fun with Numbers--1994
Mario's Early Years: Pre-School--1994
Mario's Tennis--1995
Super Mario RPG: Legend of the Seven Stars--1996
Mario Kart 64--1996
Mario Teaches Typing 2--1997
Mario Party--1998
Mario Golf--1999
Mario Party 2--1999
Mario Tennis--2000
Paper Mario--2000
Mario Party 3--2000
Super Mario Advance--2001
Mario Kart Super Circuit--2001
Super Smash Bros. Melee--2001
Mario Party 4--2002
Mario Golf: Toadstool Tour--2003
Mario Party 5--2004
Mario Kart: Double Dash!!--2003
Mario Power Tennis--2004
Mario Party 6--2004
Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door--2004
Mario Party Advance--2005
SSX On Tour--2005
Mario Superstar Baseball--2005
Mario Party 7--2005
Mario Kart DS--2005
Mario Tennis: Power Tour--2005
NBA Street V3--2005
Super Mario Strikers--2006
Super Princess Peach--2006
Mario Hoops 3-on-3--2006
Super Paper Mario--2007
Yoshi's Island DS--2006
Mario Strikers Charged--2007
Mario Party 8--2007
Itadaki Street DS--2007
Super Smash Bros. Brawl - 2007
Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Games - 2007
Mario Kart Wii - 2008
Mario Super Sluggers - 2008
Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Winter Games - 2009
Mario & Sonic at the London 2012 Olympic Games - 2011
Mario Kart 7 - 2011
Fortune Street - 2011
Mario Party 9 - 2012
Mario Tennis Open - 2012
Mario Kart Arcade GP DX - 2013
Mario & Sonic at the Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games - 2013
Super Mario 3D World - 2013
Mario Party: Island Tour - 2013
Mario Golf: World Tour - 2014
Mario Kart 8 - 2014
Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS / Wii U - 2014
Mario Party 10 - 2015
Mario Tennis: Ultra Smash - 2015
Fictional characters introduced in 1985
Mario series characters
Fictional princesses |
VARIANTS IN HUMAN SKIN DISEASE PROJECT SUMMARY Transcription factors (TFs) bind regulatory DNA to control differentiation genes in normal and diseased tissue, including cutaneous epidermis. We mapped regulatory DNA active in human epidermis and found it enriched for single nucleotide polymorphisms (eSNPs, for ?expression SNPs?) linked by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to inflammatory skin diseases in which altered epidermal differentiation contributes to pathogenesis, including atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis vulgaris (PV). AD and PV-linked eSNPs alter DNA motifs and transcription-directing activity in human keratinocytes, suggesting they serve as binding quantitative trait loci (bQTLs) for TFs whose modified activity at these sites pathogenically dysregulates target genes (eGenes). Such eSNP regulatory variants, the TFs whose binding they alter, and the eGenes whose expression they dysregulate, form a regulatory risk framework for polygenic disease. This proposal will elucidate features of such regulatory risk frameworks in the context of human tissue, using AD and PV as polygenic disease prototypes. First, we will define phenotypic impacts of disease-linked eSNPs in human skin tissue, focusing on the epidermis-intrinsic component of AD and PV. We will assess disease eSNP impacts on the gene expression, architecture and function of intact human epidermal tissue. To do this, we will generate otherwise identical, isogenic human skin xenografts that differ only by the single regulatory DNA nucleotides studied using a hybrid gene editing approach. eSNPs will be studied singly and in combination. Aim I will define the impacts of AD and PV-linked regulatory variants in human tissue. Second, we will identify the TFs whose DNA binding and function is changed at specific eSNPs to extend understanding of disease-linked regulatory DNA variants to the level of biochemical mechanism. To do this, we will use new proteomic and genetic methods. The first method, DNA Protein Identification Detection (DAPID) uses DNA-tethered proximity proteomics to detect and quantify TF binding to any DNA sequence of interest in living cells. The second, Perturb-MPRA, couples CRISPR screening to the massively parallel reporter assay (MPRA) to identify the TFs essential for the transcriptional activity directed by any DNA sequence. Aim II will identify the TFs whose DNA binding and activity is affected by disease-linked eSNPs in AD and PV. This project will use new methods and a human tissue context to define the eSNP, TF, and eGene regulatory risk frameworks in common human polygenic skin diseases. |
A mobile home, or house trailer, is a moving home which can be pulled behind a truck, tractor or strong car on major roads. Some mobile homes have multiple sections, such as with a double-wide trailer, which can be joined together after being pulled onto a lot as separate trailers. Some also have front or back porches which can be joined outside the doors of the house trailer. Mobile homes can also be referred to as simply trailers or caravans.
Mobile homes are usually left in one location permanently, but they have possibility to move in emergencies or other events. |
1000 Days to reduce child deaths
This blog from our partners at RESULTS Canada originally appeared in the Ottawa Citizen blog calling for action to reduce child deaths during the 1000 day countdown to the Millennium Develop Goals.
As of today we have 1000 days until the end of 2015, the deadline for achieving all eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). As the discussion around the post-2015 development framework revs up, it is important to pause and think about what has been effective and what can be done to advance the MDGs.
While the international community has made great progress towards the MDGs, the fourth MDG target of reducing child deaths by two-thirds is still out of reach.
Pneumonia and diarrhoea are the leading killers of children under age five. Nearly as many children under five died from pneumonia and diarrhoea in 2010 as from all other causes – that is, nearly as many as AIDS, malaria, measles, meningitis, injuries and all other post-neonatal conditions combined. Pneumonia and diarrhoea are closely associated with factors such as unsanitary environment, undernutrition and lack of access to clean water. As such, many interventions for pneumonia and diarrhoea (ex: micronutrient supplements, vaccination, hand washing, etc.) are identical.
MDG4 can only be achieved by coordinated and sustained efforts to reduce pneumonia and diarrhoea deaths. The Integrated Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Pneumonia and Diarrhoea (GAPPD) from the World Health Organization and UNICEF, goes to the heart of the challenge: recognizing that prevention and control of pneumonia and diarrhoea cannot be adequately dealt with separately but only through integrated programs. Addressing these two diseases through this shared initiative will help countries and global organizations contribute significantly to other efforts aimed at improving child health.
The 1000 day milestone should serve as a rallying point to reinvigorate the discussion surrounding the MDGs. This weekend, the leaders of all the United Nations agencies, under the leadership of Secretary General Ban Ki-moon, will meet to discuss how they can work as a multilateral system to accelerate progress in the last 1000 days. Supporting the Integrated Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Pneumonia and Diarrhoea is the first step in achieving the Millennium Development Goal to save the lives of children under the age of five. |
Frantz Omar Fanon (, ; ; 20 July 1925 - 6 December 1961), was a French West Indian psychiatrist and political philosopher. He was from the French colony of Martinique. Now, it is a French department. His writing is important for studying postcolonialism, critical theory and Marxism. |
Cowshed Bullocks Pocket Cow 4 x 20ml
£20.00
New from the Bullocks for Men range by Cowshed.Made at the famous Babington House Hotel in Somerset, this handy travel set contains:20ml Bullocks Bracing Body Wash.20ml Bullocks Fresh Cleansing Gel.20ml Bullocks Cooling Toner.5ml Bullocks Soothing Moisturiser.5ml Bullocks Smooth Shaving Cream.Now there is no need to stay out all night without your favourite routine!
Most popular Cowshed
Cowshed Bullocks Pocket Cow 4 x 20ml on other UK sites
New from the Bullocks for Men range by Cowshed.Made at the famous Babington House Hotel in Somerset, this handy travel set contains:20ml Bullocks Bracing Body Wash.20ml Bullocks Fresh Cleansing Gel.20ml Bullocks Cooling Toner.5ml Bullocks Soothing Moisturiser.5ml Bullocks Smooth Shaving Cream.Now there is no need to stay out all night without your favourite routine!
New from the Bullocks for Men range by Cowshed.Made at the famous Babington House Hotel in Somerset, this handy travel set contains:20ml Bullocks Bracing Body Wash.20ml Bullocks Fresh Cleansing Gel.20ml Bullocks Cooling Toner.5ml Bullocks Soothing Moisturiser.5ml Bullocks Smooth Shaving Cream.Now there is no need to stay out all night without your favourite routine!
New from the Bullocks for Men range by Cowshed. Made at the famous Babington House Hotel in Somerset, this handy travel set contains:20ml Bullocks Bracing Body Wash.20ml Bullocks Fresh Cleansing Gel.20ml Bullocks Cooling Toner.5ml Bullocks Soothing Moisturiser.5ml Bullocks Smooth Shaving Cream.Now there is no need to stay out all night without your favourite routine!
The ideal introduction to the Bullocks For Men range. Cowshed Bullocks Pocket Cow is a smart, sample sized travel set for men containing 20ml tubes of: Bullocks Bracing Body Wash, Refining Facial Scrub, Smooth Shaving Cream and Soothing Moisturiser.Cowshed Bullocks Pocket Cow is perfect for men on the go, containing all the necessities to keep you fresh and clean whilst travelling around. The four
Business or pleasure, these Bullock miniatures make the perfect travelling companions. Every part of your morning ritual is covered with Bullocks Bracing Body Wash, Refining Facial Scrub, Smooth Shaving Cream and Soothing Moisturiser leaving you looking fresh, well-rested and ready to tackle a day full of meetings or having fun.
Bring the best of The Shed with you, wherever you are. The Pocket Cow Bath & Body Essentials Kit contains travel size versions of all Cowsheds bath and body essentials. Presented in a transparent flight-friendly bag with a Cowshed-embossed brass zip fastening, this set is the ideal travelling companion and makes a perfect introduction to the Cowshed bath and body range. Set contains: Cowlick
A powerful combination of organic flower extracts, essential oils, vegetable protein and organic seaweed. Helps to restore strength and shine to dry, brittle hair thats been damaged by brushing, blow-drying or colouring. To leave the scalp calm and comfortable and the hair shiny and strong. Recommended for weakened, lacklustre hair.
Chanel Allure Homme Sport is a fresh, sensual, woody and spicy fragrance for men. Sparkling and invigorating freshness, a natural and radiant sensuality, heightening the scent of a breeze against bare skin... to create an infinitely seductive allure.
Chanel Allure Homme Sport is a fresh, sensual, woody and spicy fragrance for men. Sparkling and invigorating freshness, a natural and radiant sensuality, heightening the scent of a breeze against bare skin... to create an infinitely seductive allure.
Vitakraft Cat Milk is the right supplement for cats that enjoy the taste of milk. Cats find it hard to digest the lactose contained in cows milk and it can cause digestive problems and diarrhoea. This lactose-free formulation allows cats to enjoy milk without risking health issues. This cat milk from Vitakraft contains only trace amounts of lactose ( which makes it easy for your cat to digest. It
Cowshed Bullocks Pocket Cow 4 x 20ml on other UK sites
Cowshed Bullocks Pocket Cow 4 x 20ml on USA sites
New from the Bullocks for Men range by Cowshed. Made at the famous Babington House Hotel in Somerset, this handy travel set contains:20ml Bullocks Bracing Body Wash.20ml Bullocks Fresh Cleansing Gel.20ml Bullocks Cooling Toner.5ml Bullocks Soothing Moisturiser.5ml Bullocks Smooth Shaving Cream.Now there is no need to stay out all night without your favourite routine!
A Chewy Treat For Small DogsWith a chewy outer texture and crunchy center thats high in protein and saturated fats, ValueBull 6 inch Cow Tail has all the makings of a healthy, delicious treat thats soon to be your dogs favorite. The constant chewing will help clean your dogs teeth and gums.Features & Benefits: Hand measured & inspected for quality & accuracyKept fresh with a resealable
England Covert Pocket T-Shirt RedCOMFORT, CONTRAST AND PRIDEThe NikeEngland Covert Pocket Mens T-Shirt isbuilt with pure cotton and a chest pocket for a completelycomfortable fit and durable storage.A screen print across the back of thisEnglandmens covert t-shirtdisplays your support for the Three Lions.Benefits of this England topRib crew neck with interior taping for a comfortable fitContrast
Part of the Right as Rain collection this useful 100% waterproof jacket with front pockets is a useful piece to have to hand when the weathers not all it could be. An internal drawstring adds some shape too. |
Urban planning (urban, city, and town planning) is the design of cities and other urban areas. It focuses on the management and use of land, infrastructure, architecture and urbanisation. |
Existing surgical visualization systems typically include a surgeon's microscope, beam splitters, an assistant's microscope, a light source, stand and stabilization systems, video cameras, etc. These existing systems are large and heavy; and, due to the components typically found in such systems, have complex assembly requirements and require complex sterilization and draping procedures. Additionally, in use, these systems require that the surgeon constantly look through a fixed eye-piece of the surgeon's microscope while performing delicate surgeries for prolonged periods, which increases the risks of surgeon fatigue. Also, in addition to being expensive and requiring dedicated infrastructure, conventional surgical visualization systems (optical, digital, or a combination thereof) are not easy to move, and require tedious balancing and calibration procedures, which can be a major concern in developing countries during transport of operating room (OR) equipment from one remote site to another. |
Atlantic is a city in Iowa in the United States.
Cities in Iowa
County seats in Iowa |
#!/bin/sh
docker build -t deadbeef-test-14.04 -f tools/docker/Dockerfile-test-14.04 . || exit 1
docker run --rm deadbeef-test-14.04 || exit 1
|
where people run around an area to certain control points given on a map. There are lots of types of orienteering and the most popular type in Britain and the US is called Foot Orienteering. In orienteering people use a special map which shows where they have to go and in what order. People are timed and the person who is quickest wins. The word Orienteering comes from orientering, which is a word that comes from Sweden.
Orienteering is developed by International Orienteering Federation (IOF).
IOF recognizes the following types of orienteering:
Foot-orienteering
Ski-orienteering
MTB-orienteering (Mountain-Bike Orienteering))
Trail-orienteering
History
Orienteering started in Sweden. It was meant to get people in the army to get ready for war. The first large orienteering event was when 220 people went orienteering in a place near Stockholm.
About sixty years ago, people started orienteering in Europe, Asia, North America, Australia, and New Zealand and in 1967 a group of people started to meet up in the United States of America to make an orienteering club.
There are now orienteering groups for 67 countries.
Foot-Orienteering
Foot-Orienteering is one of the IOF recognised orienteering types. The athlete covers the distance of his course only using his feet.
The IOF organises World Orienteering Championships (WOC) every year and the European Orienteering Championships once every two years. The first WOC was held in 1966 in Finland. Only 10 nations took part in the first WOC.
Ski-Orienteering
Ski Orienteering is where the competitor Cross-Country Skis around paths and tracks trying to find the controls.
Mountain bike orienteering
Mountain bike orienteering or MTBO that you can say is a sport where you cycle through the forest on small paths and trying to find the controls.
The Olympics
In the year 1996 some people decided to start to try to have orienteering as a sport in the Olympic games. It has yet to become a sport in the Olympics.
As a skill
Orienteering is also done as a life skill. It is used in training of many countries' armed forces. Often, soldiers have to do orienteering courses at night or in the rain. Orienteering is also part of Scoutcraft in many branches of Scouting. Many Scouting groups require learning orienteering to make higher ranks.
Notes
Some of this article is based on orienteering on Wikipedia in English
Sports |
Q:
TypeError: ... is not a function
My JavaScript code in NodeJS results in:
TypeError: ninja.changeName is not a function
Following is my code:
function Ninja(name){
this.name = name;
var changeName = function(name2) {
this.name = name2;
}
}
var ninja = new Ninja("John");
ninja.changeName("Bob");
console.log(ninja.name);
What's wrong with the code?
A:
var changeName will just create a reference to a function which will be lost once the function is done executing.
You must assign the function as a property of the Ninja function instead:
function Ninja(name) {
this.name = name;
this.changeName = function(name2) {
this.name = name2;
}
}
var ninja = new Ninja("John");
ninja.changeName("Bob");
console.log(ninja.name);
A:
var changeName = function(name2) {
this.name = name2;
}
You are declaring a function but not attaching that to the object.
It should be
this.changeName = function(name2) {
this.name = name2;
}
So that the property changeName as a function attached to the object.
|
Dayton is a city and county seat in Rhea County, Tennessee, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 7,191. |
Q:
Growing abruptly and aggressively - words
How to describe a sudden increasing in size, volume. For example when fires grow suddenly and rapidly. What does that fire do?
A:
There are several different kinds of things that can suddenly increase in size/volume - and as Talia's answer indicates, there are many ways of describing just one (fire). Other things (teenage acne spots, for example) might explode, or erupt.
But a couple of more "general-purpose" verbs are...
balloon: to swell or puff out (even fire can balloon)
mushroom: to become enlarged or extended (and it can certainly mushroom)
A:
it flared up
it blazed up
it suddenly raged (with irresistible fury)
it started to lick hungrily at (something)
it suddenly filled the sky with a golden guttering light
|
Bridgewater is a town in Windsor County, Vermont, United States.
Towns in Vermont |
Capture Preview
1
“Your stalker’s back, Dexter,” one of the guys from the team muttered the middle of June. I glanced him at the entrance to the weight room looking around, nervous as could be… Until he saw me on the weight bench and then the tension left his shoulders. Weird.
“He’s not a stalker. He’s just the new freshman in my crest.” I went back to bench-pressing and glanced at my buddy. “He’s track and field. That’s why he’s always around. Besides, he was my pick so I’m sure he’s just checking in or something.”
“Right, but you’re Doyle’s crest so isn’t Doyle handling that?”
“Yeah, but technically he’s mine.” I realized how that sounded and almost dropped the weights, hurrying to set the bar in the resting slot instead. “You know what I mean.”
“He could be mine. He’s a sexy thing,” he purred, and I swallowed a growl especially when I saw a few other guys from the team nodding in agreement.
Hell, I didn’t disagree, but I also had a lot on my plate and getting involved with some freshman would just complicate things. So no matter his pretty auburn eyes, or floppy hair I thought fit him, or even the tight ass that his running shorts molded to, the smart thing was to not go there.
But he always seemed to be where I was. Fine, soccer practice was at the field, and the track was there too. Made sense. It also wasn’t a leap that he’d hit the workout and weight rooms the same times I did to pace himself and not get injured from overdoing it. I even convinced myself that was why he followed me, to learn stuff like that from me.
One of my other friends on the team blew that wide open by saying then the freshman would follow someone from track and field. Yeah, yeah, so it was lame, especially considering he always seemed to be hanging around the cafeteria at the same time.
And again, seeing him around our dorm floor was clearly expected as we were in the same crest. But the library where I liked to sneak away to, especially in the summer when it was empty and I had all those books to myself? That wasn’t a coincidence.
By August, I was annoyed. Mostly with my dick, but also the guy who was getting it hard all the time, and I wanted to stop it now that all the freshman were back and soon we’d be in classes. I couldn’t have a distraction like him, and he needed to focus on learning the school, crest, and his place in all of this. So my answer was to give him a bit of helpful bullying to make my point. Not even so much hazing, but nothing worked better than getting people to walk into the right conclusion themselves.
Which was why after I left the library a few hours after dinner one night, I didn’t go back to the dorm, instead into a different building for classes. Sure enough, my stalker followed at his normal, respectable distance. After turning down one hallway, I knew there was another one just a bit aways so I busted ass and got there, ducking in so he didn’t see me and thought he lost me.
Sure enough, minutes later he came jogging by, his head darting all around, searching for me. I grabbed his arm and yanked him into the darkened corridor with me, pressing him up against the wall. His eyes were so wide, but he saw it was me and didn’t even fight me holding him.
“Why are you always following me like—like a puppy?” I demanded, swallowing a snort at my unintentional pun when his scent hit me. I’d never been this close to him before, and we were always around other strong smells, food, older books, sports sweat that covered his species. His chest started rising and falling faster, and I felt my wolf riding me. We were above him in the food chain, this dog we had trapped as prey. “Doggy, doggy, where’s your bone? Why are you trifling with a big, bad wolf?”
“I-I,” he stuttered, his breathing picking up as he squirmed like he couldn’t stand the tension. It was distracting so I grabbed his wrists and pinned them over his head.
“Answer me,” I demanded. His eyes glazed a bit and his lips formed a soft smile while he stopped moving around. Odd. It was like dealing with a young dog who got too wild without someone to train them and give them guidance. The thought made me chuckle. “What, do you want to be my dog or something? An obedient pet?”
He whimpered as he about vibrated at my words, his eyes full of one word clear as if he shouted it. Yes! My dick went rock hard so fast it almost hurt. Shit. This hadn’t been the goal. It was a bit of bullying to end this and push him away so we could both focus on what we needed to. I shook off my lust and let him go, stepping back and smirking at him.
“All right, let me see what you’d bring to the table,” I purred, leaning my back on the wall opposite him and crossing my arms over my chest. “Get naked.”
“What? We’re in a hallway where anyone can see us.” He didn’t look so happy anymore. This was going to be over in seconds. Good, because my sense was losing the battle with what my cock wanted.
“You heard me. It’s summer. This building is actually closed and only used during the school year for classes.” I narrowed my eyes at him and frowned. “You’re already failing. I would only accept an obedient pet who—”
I didn’t even get to finish as his shirt was yanked overhead. He swallowed loudly and then pulled down his shorts and whatever he’d been wearing underneath, standing in front of me with nothing but his socks and sneakers on. He was gorgeous. Maybe four inches shorter than my six-one, leaner for sure, and everything about him was tight, firm, and perfectly defined. Oh shit, I wanted to touch, to lick, and fuck that body.
“Turn around and show me what else you’re offering me like a good doggy,” I instructed, hoping he didn’t catch how rough and gravelly my voice was. He didn’t hesitate this time, which made my dick twitch. The guy gave me his back, bent over, and pulled his ass cheeks apart so his hole was front and center. Next thing I knew I wasn’t leaning against the wall anymore, but reaching out to touch. The second my fingers trailed over his crack, he started vibrating again which apparently I found sexy.
Didn’t know that about myself until then.
“Just so we’re clear, you’ve been following me because you want to be my dog and have me do things to you like fuck you here anytime I want?” I rubbed his hole, and he moaned.
“Yes, I want to be yours.”
“Hmmm, interesting proposal,” I teased as I teased him physically. “And what else do you bring me as an offer?”
“I-I don’t understand the question,” he mumbled as he glanced at me over his shoulder.
I met his gaze and gave him my signature wolfish smile. “You’re willing to be obedient. What else? Do you have a lot of experience so I’m guaranteed pleasure?”
He went pale so fast I thought he might fall over. “No, I’m a virgin. No one’s ever touched me before like this. No one’s ever even seen this part of me. I’m completely untrained.”
“Really?” He started shaking from thinking that he’d failed the test, but honestly, the idea of me getting to train him got me hot. I mean, there would be no retraining or breaking of bad habits which was actually awesome. I decided to give him a break which was funny since I had cornered him to bully him and end this situation and now I was adding fuel on the fire. “So you bring your virginity and are offering it to me. Your completely untouched body as mine to do with as I want, correct?”
“Yes.” He nodded so fast I thought he might get dizzy and fall over. Then a smile formed on his lips, and he stood up, turning around to face me in a flash. “I did all the chores at my house when I was younger. We lived by the grade school I went to so I was there and I did all the laundry and cleaning and cooking and I can pick up stuff from the cafeteria for you and run errands for school that you need and—”
“Settle down,” I demanded, realizing how that actually was a dog command, but still he did, instantly going back to mellow instead of hyper. “Good, very good.” He licked his lips, and I knew what else I wanted to check. “Just a bit more to test before I decide if I’ll give you a trial run.” I leaned in and took his lower lip between both of mine, nibbling on it before giving him a full kiss. He moaned and melted against me, moving his hands to my chest and his semi-hard, nervous cock went fully hard and leaning against me from only that.
Responsive, perfect.
I pulled away and held his chin as I fondled his ass, unable to resist when he was in that state. “Now I know you haven’t any experience so I don’t want you to worry about that. I’ll teach you. I just want to see how hard you try because that’s the important thing here, that you’ll always try your best to please me in every way.”
“Of course I will,” he panted, his eyes shining with hope I’d accept him. “What do you want me to do?”
I moved his hands to my shorts and pulled the front of them down. “Show me what else that mouth can do. I want to feel that tongue.” He didn’t even hesitate dropping to his knees which I think was about as hot as watching him get naked. Then something hit me. “What was your name again? Rich? Rick?”
“They thought I was going to be a girl, and when I wasn’t, they didn’t care enough to be bothered with picking a new name,” he whispered, hanging his head. God, I felt for him, having crappy parents myself and all.
But it was odd that they’d wanted a girl so much when ours was a more male dominant society and a man would take over the family crest with their own flair, whereas most females were absorbed into whatever crest they married into.
“Well now I know it’s a unisex name in my book because I saw the very nice cock you have, Risa,” I offered, my chest easing when he smiled up at me. Oh fuck, his puppy dog eyes affected me, and I hadn’t even caught that. Damn, I was in trouble.
He didn’t push it, though, or seem to think more was needed to be said because he leaned forward and licked my dick, making sure to get some precum and ending that conversation in a very effective way. I watched as he rolled the taste on his tongue, wetting his lips too as if trying a new flavor of ice cream. Then his cheeks flushed so red that I swore they lit up the darker hallway.
“You don’t like it?” I hedged, knowing that would be an unfortunate problem. He shook his head, but wouldn’t look at me, then tried to lick some more. I intercepted his chin and leaned over so we were nose to nose. “Understand this, I will only want a pet who is honest with me and tells me everything I feel I need to know and ask. I don’t like games, other than sports, or things being kept from me.”
“I’m sorry. I was embarrassed. I didn’t mean to play a game.” He came in closer and kissed me. “I love the taste of you and I was thinking it was a better treat than that donut I tried from the ones Aaryn picked up for the crest meeting the other day.”
I gave him a grin. “Well, well, aren’t you full of surprises. Okay, pup, have your treat now, and if you do it good, I’ll give you a bunch of cream filling without the carbs of the donut.” I let him go and stood back up, already addicted to the way he vibrated when he was excited. He lapped at me as he braced his hands on my thighs, and was kind of all over the place with too much spazzing. So I helped him out by holding it for him with one hand, while moving my other hand to his hair and guiding him somewhat.
His tongue was so soft, so wet, like nothing I’d ever felt before. Apparently I’d really been missing out by not having a dog shifter blow me.
“Open your mouth and suck now because I’m getting close and I want you to swallow this,” I instructed, almost blowing when his lips wrapped around me as I finished the sentence. He didn’t move though so I showed him what to do and then let him try. He only stared up at me and whimpered. “Oh shit, you want me to fuck your mouth?” I made it a question to check, but really I knew the answer and started pumping my hips.
He made happy noises and sucked harder so I knew it had been the right call. I climaxed not long after, enthralled with watching his reaction to the whole experience and swallowing me down. It was definitely the best oral sex I’d ever had—and I’d gotten a lot at away games being a college athlete—which floored me since it was his first time.
The second I was spent, not even recovered yet, I had him off my dick, up on his feet, and pinned to the wall again, both his wrists caught in my one hand while I teased his cock with my other. I ran my nose along his neck and inhaled. “That was fun, Risa. Very nicely done. You have no idea how much I want to fuck you.”
“Okay, you can. I want you to,” he panted, squirming to come closer, even trying to wrap a leg around me. “Please, I want you, Dexter. I want to be yours.”
“I need to talk to someone first about all of this and make sure I can have what I would need so this could work for me.” His face was very neutral, but those expressive eyes didn’t go full puppy, though somewhat pouty. “You need to understand what you’re asking though. I’m a timber wolf, dear, sweet, innocent Risa. I come from a long line of Alphas. I might not have wanted to be a crest leader because I couldn’t do my own thing with sports and I hate politics, but I am Alpha down to my bones.”
“I know.” He shivered and smiled at me. “I thought I would hate that, never want to be around someone like that, until you picked me that day and I met you. All I’ve wanted since is to be yours and it’s gotten stronger, along with my shepherd’s desire to protect you, from that day on.”
“Fair enough, but as I said, I would require complete obedience. You would have to trust me and tell me everything so I can do what’s best for you and make the decisions necessary. You would be my dog, my pet, but I would be a good master and treat you well—unless you were ever disloyal to me, kept misbehaving, or pulled stupid shit and then I might just rip out your throat. Wolves are incredibly territorial, controlling, and demanding of all the species, Alphas worst of all.”
He blushed. “German shepherds are loyal, easily trained, very active, obedient, strong and muscularly defined, intelligent, protective, territorial, and do best when owned by a strong master who is consistent with them so they have firm boundaries and reward system.”
I searched his eyes a moment and then went with the truth since now was the time to get a lot out on the table. “I know we’re like our animals, and I am for sure, but I didn’t realize that dog shifters were that much like theirs in they carry the traits so closely.”
“Like wolves, we have people who are pack leaders, and those who aren’t. The ones who are tend to be pretty rare with our kind, but most of us are more submissive. You have to think of the fact wolves are wild animals, we’re not. Sure we were all wild once, but it’s a big difference that an animal can manage to survive in the wild but does better in a house with humans, versus a wolf who would eat the humans.” He shrugged. “My counselor in school kept trying to play my master just so I’d focus and get my grades up but I bit him.”
“Why? And why are your grades bad?”
He blushed again. “I’m not getting enough of a workout and discipline in the right way. It’s hard to focus, but my test scores are always in the top two percent. I bit him because he wasn’t the right master for me. A fake or bad master is worse than no master or pack leader at all.” He frowned then and went soft in my hand. “You won’t agree to this because my grades will get better for the crest, will you?”
“No, I’ll agree to a trial of this because I want you under me whenever I order you to,” I purred moving my hand to his ass and teasing his hole. “But that might be the leverage I need to get what we want.”
“Okay, then tell whoever. I trust you. I can show you my test scores. My IQ is one eighty-two. They just have to break the test up for me to be able to focus long enough to take it.” As he talked, he tried to push his ass on my finger, begging to move things along. It was hot. So hot I barely heard what he said.
When it registered, I knew Doyle would agree.
I picked up his clothes and threw him over my shoulder, bracing him with his shorts in my hand so anyone we came across didn’t get a good look at what I’d be ploughing as soon as I could. He didn’t say a word or argue, not even question me, instead vibrating on my shoulder with need.
Soooo sexy.
Within minutes, we were at my room and he was landing on my bed. When he stopped bouncing, and I liked how he landed, I waited until he looked at me. “Don’t move. Not an inch. I want to see this greeting me when I come back.” I turned to leave, excited to talk to Doyle.
“Dexter?” he whispered quietly as my hand landed on the knob. I heard fear in his tone even as I smelled it in the room. I glanced over my shoulder and saw him staring at his lap.
“Are you scared? I know your first time is scary.”
“I’m not scared to have sex with you. I want it.” He glanced at me then and I saw that he was assessing me as if figuring out whether I wanted to know what was going on. I nodded, hoping that helped. “Does complete obedience mean I can’t ask for something? But you said you need to know things and I think this would count, but I don’t want to sound like I’m whining.”
I licked my lips and moved back to him, taking note of the way he watched how I reached out and played with his perky nipple.
“You’re not really my dog, Risa, or my pet. I don’t want you to stay in shifted form all the time or anything. Part of this is a game, a sexual game, so keep that in mind, okay? If there’s ever anything you don’t like, you tell me immediately. That’s what I meant about needing to know everything. During the trial, err on the side of telling me too much because we need to get used to each other. Especially since you’re starting college and this shouldn’t get in the way of that.”
“I knew you’d be the perfect master,” he breathed as his dick twitched and leaked on his stomach. “I try not to sit back on my hands like this because it’s bad for my wrists if done for very long and it can affect my performance for pole vaulting. Can I lean on a pillow or just lie on the bed?”
I moved past him and grabbed a pillow, sliding it behind him and then kissing him deeply. “Good, very good, Risa. You should always speak up about something like that. If we’re doing something that could affect your sports, which we need the points for the crest, you need to tell me. I would never have thought of something like that, so I’m very happy you were open and honest with me about your needs.”
He started vibrating again, no longer worried or unhappy. “I’m glad I pleased you, Dexter.”
“Oh, you did, my special dog.” I spread his knees a bit wider as I stood back up and smiled. “Just like that and don’t move. I want this sight to greet me when I come back victorious.” He blushed again and it took me everything I had to not undress and slam my cock into his tight body right then.
He looked so fucking tempting after all.
So much for bullying him and ending this attachment he has to me, you idiot. I told that part of my brain to shut up, I deserved some fun, and hurried to Doyle’s room. After giving three quick knocks and a hard one to signal it was a crest member, I walked right in as he preferred so he wasn’t always answering the door.
Only to find Kisten sucking his cock. I watched as the door closed behind me.
I wonder if it’s as good as the one I just got? Cat tongues are rough so does that translate over as dog tongues are soft so Risa’s is like that? Wouldn’t that make it like sandpaper on his cock or—
“I’m not a fan of people staring at Kisten so long and with that look when he’s naked, Dexter,” Doyle growled, moving his hand possessively to Kisten’s head. “He’s spoken for.”
“Yeah, no, don’t want him, sorry, was wondering if his tongue felt like sandpaper on your dick given how sensitive it is there.”
Doyle chuckled as his expression changed. Kisten pulled off his man’s dick and smiled at me. “I’m surprised you’d ask, Dexter Oleander. You normally have more tact and reservation than asking about another man’s lover from what I’ve seen.” I could see the mirth in Kisten’s eyes. He really was coming out of his shell now that he found his place in life and away from his fucked up family situation.
He was always going to be an introvert, and there was nothing wrong with that, but he was losing the wounded edge to him. I liked that.
I shrugged. “Doyle asked.”
“What’s your answer, my love?” Kisten purred, obviously testing Doyle as he leaned out and used his tongue on the head of Doyle’s cock with a long slow lick.
“That nothing has ever felt more amazing than your tongue and mouth and ass, baby.” He glanced at me. “It’s not as rough as a cat tongue. More like bumps on a back massager, not loofah scrubber. There’s ridges.” He winked at Kisten. “You wanna lick his hand and show him?”
“Sure.” Kisten rolled to his feet and I shook my head.
“No, thanks, I have someone waiting for me and going back smelling like another man just licked me is cold.” At my words, Kisten leaned towards me and sniffed, then smiled widely as he raced over and hugged me.
“Care to explain it to me?” Doyle drawled.
“I need a favor. I want Risa to be mine, like my crest. He was my pick, and I know technically that’s true, and we’ll still be under yours, I’m not asking for a separation, I would never want that, but when you chose him, we just said he was in the crest.”
He studied me carefully. “And you don’t want that anymore?”
I sighed, scratching my head and trying to figure out a way to explain this. Kisten sniffed me a bit more and smiled. “Alpha. I’ve never been this close to you after you’ve been wound up. You’re an Alpha.”
“Excuse me?” Doyle snarled, getting to his feet and fixing his pants before storming over and grabbing Kisten’s arm. “And why are your eyes changing? What the fuck, Kisten?”
“It’s not his fault,” I hurried, realizing how fast this was sliding backwards. “Look, Doyle, you know I don’t want to take over the crest or something crazy. This is biology. It goes back to the time when we all kept to ourselves and grouped off by species. Elves had royalty, right?”
“Yes,” he hedged, glancing between us. “Shifters didn’t if I remember my history. You guys fought for dominance or something barbaric.”
“You don’t need to be rude about it,” Kisten snapped, pulling away. I kinda felt the same. “We’re half animal. Only the strong will survive is very true in the wild, so the strongest led and had to beat out the old leader. But it was also built into their scent so the rest of us, who would follow, would want to follow them.”
“So his scent is drugging you?” Doyle reasoned, glancing between us.
“No,” I snorted and then cleared my throat. “Right, sorry, I forget you can’t smell these things. We can tell emotions a lot of times in the pheromones people give off. Or in general we just smell more than other paranormals or humans. My scent gives off a reading of strength.”
Doyle still looked at us both like we were off our rockers.
Kisten tried again, sniffing the air. “He smells what I would think safety to smell if you could see it as a physical thing. You can’t, but just as you know what an orange looks like and its smell, that’s how we smell other stuff, and some of it we have to learn, some we just know. I know in my gut that he’s an Alpha. I’m picking up strength, power, and a cocktail that just tells me.”
“I come from a long line of them in my lineage. It’s not really important anymore since the crest system, but I’m the first in my family that hasn’t led his own crest in a long time. It didn’t go over well, but I didn’t want to.”
Kisten blinked at me with a tight frown. “You intentionally didn’t let yourself be top athlete until after the selection proceedings, right?”
“I didn’t know that,” Doyle murmured.
I nodded. “I didn’t want to lead.”
“But you smell like one?” We both nodded again and Doyle sighed. “Okay, so why haven’t we been picking more of these Alphas?”
“Because you don’t want everyone fighting for who’s on top and eating you for your position,” I explained. “I would have stopped you and explained all of this if you’d ever been about to pick one. Most like me are crest leaders if they’re shifters.”
“So it’s a bad thing to have one? Like you guys have to lead?”
“No, we’re not saying that,” Kisten sighed, rubbing the back of his neck. “All we’re saying is you don’t go looking for them as an asset to follow under you because that can be problematic. Having one as a second or Dexter since he doesn’t want to lead is smart.”
Doyle seemed almost there so I went to the next logical step in my mind. “Kisten, if something happened, like zombie apocalypse, and you couldn’t find Doyle, who would you go to first from the crest to tell you the plan and how we locate Doyle?”
“You,” he answered immediately, much to Doyle’s shock from the way his eyes bugged out. We both shrugged.
“Not Jericho who’s part giant?”
“Nope,” Kisten chuckled, shaking his head. “Or Tucker who is kind of your second and always has the plan, but Dexter. They have great attributes, but an Alpha is kind of the whole package, like you. I know he would get everyone together, get us to you, and be the most agile in any situation, even the zombie apocalypse.”
“Okay then,” Doyle chuckled, shaking his head. “Now that we know why Kisten likes to smell you, what’s with the change in you wanting a crest under my umbrella? We always said we didn’t want that messed up shit.”
“Of course you can do it!” Kisten blurted as he patted my arm with both hands, as if playing the drums or just that excited. “Go, go do it now.”
“Hey, you are not behaving well today,” Doyle snarled, snatching Kisten around the waist, and yanked him back against his chest. “Since when do you speak for me on these kinds of things?”
But to my shock he ignored our crest leader and his lover. “In that cabinet right over there we just got some new supplies so take whatever you need and we’ll see you when you resurface.” He yelped as Doyle slapped his ass.
“Don’t give away our new toys! What’s gotten into you?”
Kisten ducked under Doyle’s arm and danced away. “As an Alpha, he can’t have another man’s crest around his lover’s neck. It would be bad. Let Risa wear it off his belt or something so he can wear whatever Dexter wants around his neck. That’s all this is.”
Doyle glanced at me to check and I nodded. “Basically.”
“You should have just said that. Yeah, I don’t care about that. He just has to have it on his person so there’s never any upset or someone tries to pull shit. I don’t want to be an official umbrella crest with others under it though. That’s when people start trying to take someone’s head for top position.”
“Agreed. I just want my collar on him, not yours.”
Doyle nodded and Kisten smiled. “And you can take what you want.”
“Kisten!”
“Yes, my love?” he purred, dancing out of reach again. “Let him take some toys. We can get more. I’ve got something else planned for you to make up for my bad behavior.”
“What?” Doyle muttered, halting his pursuits of his man.
“That blue outfit you said you wanted me to wear. I was saving it for a special occasion, but I think a reward for trusting me to handle this situation regarding shifter stuff is worth it, don’t you?”
“You are getting so good at the crest and political game it’s scary.” Doyle moved his hands to his hips, shaking his head as he smiled. “Yes, fine, you will always be consulted on shifter-related issues in the crest.” Kisten smiled, but I knew Doyle too well, he wasn’t done yet. “But, I want that blue outfit in play today, plus I pick three of the five you said were too embarrassing and get them for unlimited weekend usage.”
Kisten narrowed his eyes but then smiled in a very catlike way. “Fine, but I get a nice dinner off campus at least every other time beforehand. Now that you’re mine, I want some actual dates like we’re a couple, not just the same as me being your bed buddy but exclusive.”
“Fine, but get back to what you were doing when he interrupted us first because sparring with you gets me hard.”
“With pleasure,” Kisten purred, dropping to his knees.
And this would be my cue to leave. I went over to the cabinet and found it bursting with goodies… All brand new of course, because the only thing worse than having to snag someone’s sex toys because you didn’t have any to use with your new partner was having to snag their used ones.
The thought alone made me shiver. Gross.
I filled up my arms with everything I’d need and lots I just wanted, knowing I was almost out of lube anyways, and left them to their fun. At least with Kisten’s help the conversation had gone better than I planned. I’d need to ask him what that cost me later because he was definitely owed a favor for getting Doyle to agree like that. I hadn’t even needed to pull out that Risa was a secret genius. |
"Flaming Moe's" is the tenth episode of The Simpsons third season. It was first shown on the Fox network in the United States on November 21, 1991. In this episode, Homer tells Moe Szyslak of a secret alcoholic cocktail that has cough syrup and fire that he calls "Flaming Homer". Moe steals the recipe from Homer, renames the drink the "Flaming Moe" and begins selling it at his tavern. The drink is a success and boosts business, but Homer is angry at Moe for his greediness and seeks revenge. |
Q:
Обработка ctrl+click
В общем нужна функция, обязательно кроссбраузерная, выполняющая следующее:
Левый click {действие 1}
ctrl+левый клик {действие 2}
Может у кого есть готовое решение? Сам написал, но долбаный IE как всегда портит картину, т.е. ему вообще пофиг нажимаешь клавишу или нет :)
A:
Мой стенд: абзац и кнопка. при простом нажатии на кнопку скрывается абзац, при клике по кнопке при нажатом ctrl - абзац не скрывается, но добавляется рамка (то есть отменяем обычное действие). Итак код:
$(function(){
$('button').click(function(event){
$('p').animate({opacity: 'toggle'}, 2000);
if(event.ctrlKey == true){//если при щелчке нажата клавиша ctrl
$('p').stop(true); //останавливаем анимацию и очищаем очередь
$('p').queue('fx', function(){
$(this).css('border', '3px solid green'); //добавляем в очередь новое действие
$(this).dequeue('fx'); //удаляем наше действие из очереди
});
}
});
});
вот и всё)
|
Bon, also spelled Bon, is a religion of Tibet. The modern form of Bon has its roots in the late 900s and 1000s CE, when the first Bon monasteries were started in Tibet. There are many teachings in Bon that are similar to Buddhist teachings, and so people who study Bon disagree whether it should be called a kind of Buddhism or not. Followers of Bon believe that it was founded by a teacher called Tonpa Shenrab who lived many years ago in a land called Tazig. Some people think that Tazig refers to Persia, Central Asia, or the area around Mount Kailash in western Tibet. According to Tibetans, Bon was popular in Tibet before Buddhism became the main religion of Tibet, but some non-Tibetans like Per Kvoerne say there isn't much connection between religion in Tibet before Buddhism and the living tradition of Bon. After the Chinese army sent troops to Tibet in 1959, some followers of Bon were forced to leave Tibet and many Bon monasteries and temples were shut down. Many of the followers of Bon who left Tibet started Bon centers in cities around the world. Today, most people who believe in Bon are ethnic Tibetans, but a small number of non-Tibetans have started to believe in Bon too.
The yungdrung, or left-facing swastika, is a sacred symbol in Bon, and the living tradition of Bon is sometimes called Yungdrung Bon, meaning "eternal Bon" in Tibetan. The yungdrung, like the vajra in Tibetan Buddhism, represents eternity because it is said that the yungdrung cannot be destroyed and lasts forever.
Tibetan Buddhists used to write many bad things about Bon, arguing that Bon had stolen most of its teachings from Buddhism, a view that people studying Bon from Europe and North America sometimes agreed with. The fourteenth Dalai Lama, who is seen as a religious leader by most Tibetans, said that Bon is as much part of Tibetan religion as Buddhism, encouraging people to treat Bon with respect.
Followers of Bon are called Bonpos. Bonpos believe in many gods. These gods include the creator god, Sangpo Bumtri, the god of compassion Shenlha Okar, the goddess of compassion Sherab Chamma, and the founder of Bon Tonpa Shenrab. |
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using Habrador_Computational_Geometry;
using UnityEditor;
public class InterpolationController : MonoBehaviour
{
public Transform transPointA;
public Transform transPointB;
public Transform transHandleA;
public Transform transHandleB;
private int seed = 0;
//t slider for experiments
[Range(0f, 1f)]
public float tSliderValue = 0f;
private void OnDrawGizmos()
{
//3d
MyVector3 posA = transPointA.position.ToMyVector3();
MyVector3 posB = transPointB.position.ToMyVector3();
MyVector3 handleA = transHandleA.position.ToMyVector3();
MyVector3 handleB = transHandleB.position.ToMyVector3();
//Interpolate between cooldinates
//Bezier curves
//BezierLinear(posA, posB);
//BezierQuadratic(posA, posB, handleA);
//BezierQuadraticEqualSteps(posA, posB, handleA);
//BezierCubic(posA, posB, handleA, handleB);
BezierCubicEqualSteps(posA, posB, handleA, handleB);
//CatmullRom(posA, handleA, handleB, posB);
//Interpolation between values
//OtherInterpolations(posA, posB);
}
private void BezierLinear(MyVector3 posA, MyVector3 posB)
{
//Store the interpolated values so we later can display them
List<Vector3> interpolatedValues = new List<Vector3>();
//Loop between 0 and 1 in steps, where 1 step is minimum
//So if steps is 5 then the line will be cut in 5 sections
int steps = 5;
float stepSize = 1f / (float)steps;
float t = 0f;
//+1 becuase wa also have to include the first point
for (int i = 0; i < steps + 1; i++)
{
//Debug.Log(t);
MyVector3 interpolatedValue = _Interpolation.BezierLinear(posA, posB, t);
interpolatedValues.Add(interpolatedValue.ToVector3());
t += stepSize;
}
DisplayInterpolatedValues(interpolatedValues, useRandomColor: true);
}
private void BezierQuadratic(MyVector3 posA, MyVector3 posB, MyVector3 handle)
{
//Store the interpolated values so we later can display them
List<Vector3> interpolatedValues = new List<Vector3>();
//Loop between 0 and 1 in steps, where 1 step is minimum
//So if steps is 5 then the line will be cut in 5 sections
int steps = 10;
float stepSize = 1f / (float)steps;
float t = 0f;
//+1 becuase wa also have to include the first point
for (int i = 0; i < steps + 1; i++)
{
//Debug.Log(t);
MyVector3 interpolatedValue = _Interpolation.BezierQuadratic(posA, posB, handle, t);
interpolatedValues.Add(interpolatedValue.ToVector3());
t += stepSize;
}
//Display the curve
DisplayInterpolatedValues(interpolatedValues, useRandomColor: true);
//Display the start and end values and the handle points
DisplayHandle(handle.ToVector3(), posA.ToVector3());
DisplayHandle(handle.ToVector3(), posB.ToVector3());
//Display other related data
//Get the forwrd dir of the point at t and display it
MyVector3 forwardDir = _Interpolation.BezierQuadraticForwardDir(posA, posB, handle, tSliderValue);
MyVector3 slidePos = _Interpolation.BezierQuadratic(posA, posB, handle, tSliderValue);
TestAlgorithmsHelpMethods.DisplayArrow(slidePos.ToVector3(), (slidePos + forwardDir * 2f).ToVector3(), 0.2f, Color.blue);
Gizmos.color = Color.red;
Gizmos.DrawWireSphere(slidePos.ToVector3(), 0.15f);
}
private void BezierQuadraticEqualSteps(MyVector3 posA, MyVector3 posB, MyVector3 handle)
{
//Store the interpolated values so we later can display them
List<Vector3> actualPositions = new List<Vector3>();
//Create a curve which is the data structure used in the following calculations
BezierQuadratic bezierQuadratic = new BezierQuadratic(posA, posB, handle);
//Step 1. Calculate the length of the entire curve
//This is needed to so we know how long we should walk each step
float lengthNaive = InterpolationHelpMethods.GetLength_Naive(bezierQuadratic, steps: 20, tEnd: 1f);
float lengthExact = InterpolationHelpMethods.GetLength_SimpsonsRule(bezierQuadratic, tStart: 0f, tEnd: 1f);
Debug.Log("Naive length: " + lengthNaive + " Exact length: " + lengthExact);
int steps = 5;
//Important not to confuse this with the step size we use to iterate t
//This step size is distance in m
float length = lengthNaive;
float lengthStepSize = length / (float)steps;
float stepSize = 1f / (float)steps;
float t = 0f;
float distanceTravelled = 0f;
for (int i = 0; i < steps + 1; i++)
{
//MyVector3 inaccuratePos = bezierCubic.GetInterpolatedValue(t);
//Calculate t to get to this distance
//Method 1
//float actualT = InterpolationHelpMethods.Find_t_FromDistance_Iterative(bezierQuadratic, distanceTravelled, length);
//Method 2
float actualT = InterpolationHelpMethods.Find_t_FromDistance_Lookup(bezierQuadratic, distanceTravelled, accumulatedDistances: null);
MyVector3 actualPos = bezierQuadratic.GetInterpolatedValue(actualT);
actualPositions.Add(actualPos.ToVector3());
//Test that the derivative calculations are working
float dEst = InterpolationHelpMethods.EstimateDerivative(bezierQuadratic, t);
float dAct = bezierQuadratic.ExactDerivative(t);
Debug.Log("Estimated derivative: " + dEst + " Actual derivative: " + dAct);
//Debug.Log("Distance " + distanceTravelled);
//Move on to next iteration
distanceTravelled += lengthStepSize;
t += stepSize;
}
//List<MyVector3> positionsOnCurve = InterpolationHelpMethods.SplitCurve(bezierQuadratic, 20, tEnd: 1f);
//foreach (MyVector3 p in positionsOnCurve)
//{
// Gizmos.DrawWireSphere(p.ToVector3(), 0.1f);
//}
DisplayInterpolatedValues(actualPositions, useRandomColor: true);
//Display the start and end values and the handle points
DisplayHandle(handle.ToVector3(), posA.ToVector3());
DisplayHandle(handle.ToVector3(), posB.ToVector3());
}
private void BezierCubic(MyVector3 posA, MyVector3 posB, MyVector3 handleA, MyVector3 handleB)
{
//Store the interpolated values so we later can display them
List<Vector3> interpolatedValues = new List<Vector3>();
//Loop between 0 and 1 in steps, where 1 step is minimum
//So if steps is 5 then the line will be cut in 5 sections
int steps = 20;
float stepSize = 1f / (float)steps;
float t = 0f;
//+1 becuase wa also have to include the first point
for (int i = 0; i < steps + 1; i++)
{
//Debug.Log(t);
MyVector3 interpolatedPos = _Interpolation.BezierCubic(posA, posB, handleA, handleB, t);
interpolatedValues.Add(interpolatedPos.ToVector3());
t += stepSize;
}
//Display the curve
DisplayInterpolatedValues(interpolatedValues, useRandomColor: true);
//Display the start and end values and the handle points
DisplayHandle(handleA.ToVector3(), posA.ToVector3());
DisplayHandle(handleB.ToVector3(), posB.ToVector3());
//Display other related data
//Get the orientation of the point at t
BezierCubic bezierCubic = new BezierCubic(posA, posB, handleA, handleB);
InterpolationTransform trans = bezierCubic.GetTransform(tSliderValue);
//Multiply the orientation with a direction vector to rotate the direction
Vector3 forwardDir = trans.Forward.ToVector3();
//- right vector because in this test files we are looking from above
//so -right looks like up even though in the actual coordinate system it is -right
Vector3 upDir = -trans.Right.ToVector3();
Vector3 slidePos = _Interpolation.BezierCubic(posA, posB, handleA, handleB, tSliderValue).ToVector3();
TestAlgorithmsHelpMethods.DisplayArrow(slidePos, slidePos + forwardDir * 2f, 0.2f, Color.blue);
TestAlgorithmsHelpMethods.DisplayArrow(slidePos, slidePos + upDir * 2f, 0.2f, Color.blue);
Gizmos.color = Color.red;
Gizmos.DrawWireSphere(slidePos, 0.15f);
}
private void BezierCubicEqualSteps(MyVector3 posA, MyVector3 posB, MyVector3 handleA, MyVector3 handleB)
{
//Store the interpolated values so we later can display them
List<Vector3> actualPositions = new List<Vector3>();
//Create a curve which is the data structure used in the following calculations
BezierCubic bezierCubic = new BezierCubic(posA, posB, handleA, handleB);
//Step 1. Calculate the length of the entire curve
//This is needed to so we know how long we should walk each step
float lengthNaive = InterpolationHelpMethods.GetLength_Naive(bezierCubic, steps: 20, tEnd: 1f);
float lengthExact = InterpolationHelpMethods.GetLength_SimpsonsRule(bezierCubic, tStart: 0f, tEnd: 1f);
Debug.Log("Naive length: " + lengthNaive + " Exact length: " + lengthExact);
int steps = 5;
//Important not to confuse this with the step size we use to iterate t
//This step size is distance in m
float length = lengthNaive;
float lengthStepSize = length / (float)steps;
float stepSize = 1f / (float)steps;
float t = 0f;
float distanceTravelled = 0f;
for (int i = 0; i < steps + 1; i++)
{
//MyVector3 inaccuratePos = bezierCubic.GetInterpolatedValue(t);
//Calculate t to get to this distance
//Method 1
//float actualT = InterpolationHelpMethods.Find_t_FromDistance_Iterative(bezierCubic, distanceTravelled, length);
//Method 2
float actualT = InterpolationHelpMethods.Find_t_FromDistance_Lookup(bezierCubic, distanceTravelled, accumulatedDistances: null);
MyVector3 actualPos = bezierCubic.GetInterpolatedValue(actualT);
actualPositions.Add(actualPos.ToVector3());
//Test that the derivative calculations are working
float dEst = InterpolationHelpMethods.EstimateDerivative(bezierCubic, t);
float dAct = bezierCubic.ExactDerivative(t);
Debug.Log("Estimated derivative: " + dEst + " Actual derivative: " + dAct);
//Debug.Log("Distance " + distanceTravelled);
//Move on to next iteration
distanceTravelled += lengthStepSize;
t += stepSize;
}
//List<MyVector3> positionsOnCurve = InterpolationHelpMethods.SplitCurve(bezierCubic, 20, tEnd: 1f);
//foreach (MyVector3 p in positionsOnCurve)
//{
// Gizmos.DrawWireSphere(p.ToVector3(), 0.1f);
//}
DisplayInterpolatedValues(actualPositions, useRandomColor: true);
//Display the start and end values and the handle points
DisplayHandle(handleA.ToVector3(), posA.ToVector3());
DisplayHandle(handleB.ToVector3(), posB.ToVector3());
//Display the actual Bezier cubic for reference
Handles.DrawBezier(posA.ToVector3(), posB.ToVector3(), handleA.ToVector3(), handleB.ToVector3(), Color.blue, EditorGUIUtility.whiteTexture, 1f);
}
private void CatmullRom(MyVector3 a, MyVector3 b, MyVector3 c, MyVector3 d)
{
//Store the interpolated values so we later can display them
List<Vector3> interpolatedValues = new List<Vector3>();
//Make a connected shape by using all 4 points
List<MyVector3> controlPoints = new List<MyVector3>() { a, b, c, d };
//Loop through all points
for (int i = 0; i < controlPoints.Count; i++)
{
MyVector3 p0 = controlPoints[MathUtility.ClampListIndex(i - 1, controlPoints.Count)];
MyVector3 p1 = controlPoints[MathUtility.ClampListIndex(i + 0, controlPoints.Count)];
MyVector3 p2 = controlPoints[MathUtility.ClampListIndex(i + 1, controlPoints.Count)];
MyVector3 p3 = controlPoints[MathUtility.ClampListIndex(i + 2, controlPoints.Count)];
interpolatedValues.AddRange(GetCatmullRomPoints(p0, p1, p2, p3));
}
DisplayInterpolatedValues(interpolatedValues, useRandomColor: true);
Gizmos.color = Color.white;
float radius = 0.1f;
Gizmos.DrawWireSphere(a.ToVector3(), radius);
Gizmos.DrawWireSphere(b.ToVector3(), radius);
Gizmos.DrawWireSphere(c.ToVector3(), radius);
Gizmos.DrawWireSphere(d.ToVector3(), radius);
}
//Get values between two points for CatmullRom
private static List<Vector3> GetCatmullRomPoints(MyVector3 a, MyVector3 b, MyVector3 c, MyVector3 d)
{
//Store the interpolated values so we later can display them
List<Vector3> interpolatedValues = new List<Vector3>();
//Loop between 0 and 1 in steps, where 1 step is minimum
//So if steps is 5 then the line will be cut in 5 sections
int steps = 10;
float stepSize = 1f / (float)steps;
float t = 0f;
//+1 becuase wa also have to include the first point
for (int i = 0; i < steps + 1; i++)
{
//Debug.Log(t);
MyVector3 interpolatedValue = _Interpolation.CatmullRom(a, b, c, d, t);
interpolatedValues.Add(interpolatedValue.ToVector3());
t += stepSize;
}
return interpolatedValues;
}
//Interpolation between values
private void OtherInterpolations(MyVector3 a, MyVector3 b)
{
//Store the interpolated values so we later can display them
List<Vector3> interpolatedValues = new List<Vector3>();
//Loop between 0 and 1 in steps, where 1 step is minimum
//So if steps is 5 then the line will be cut in 5 sections
int steps = 10;
float stepSize = 1f / (float)steps;
float t = 0f;
//+1 becuase wa also have to include the first point
for (int i = 0; i < steps + 1; i++)
{
//Debug.Log(t);
//Ease out
//float interpolatedValueX = _Interpolation.Sinerp(a.x, b.x, t);
//float interpolatedValueZ = _Interpolation.Sinerp(a.z, b.z, t);
//Ease in
//float interpolatedValueX = _Interpolation.Coserp(a.x, b.x, t);
//float interpolatedValueZ = _Interpolation.Coserp(a.z, b.z, t);
//Exponential
//float interpolatedValueX = _Interpolation.Eerp(a.x, b.x, t);
//float interpolatedValueZ = _Interpolation.Eerp(a.z, b.z, t);
//Smoothstep and Smootherstep
float interpolatedValueX = _Interpolation.Smoothersteperp(a.x, b.x, t);
float interpolatedValueZ = _Interpolation.Smoothersteperp(a.z, b.z, t);
//Similar to bezier cubic
//float handleA = 0f;
//float handleB = 0.5f;
//float interpolatedValueX = _Interpolation.CubicBezierErp(a.x, b.x, handleA, handleB, t);
//float interpolatedValueZ = _Interpolation.CubicBezierErp(a.z, b.z, handleA, handleB, t);
Vector3 interpolatedPos = new Vector3(interpolatedValueX, 0f, interpolatedValueZ);
interpolatedValues.Add(interpolatedPos);
t += stepSize;
}
DisplayInterpolatedValues(interpolatedValues, useRandomColor: true);
}
//
// Help methods
//
//Display interpolated values
private void DisplayInterpolatedValues(List<Vector3> values, bool useRandomColor)
{
DisplayInterpolatedValues(values, useRandomColor: true, Color.white);
}
private void DisplayInterpolatedValues(List<Vector3> values, Color color)
{
DisplayInterpolatedValues(values, useRandomColor: false, color);
}
private void DisplayInterpolatedValues(List<Vector3> values, bool useRandomColor, Color color)
{
//Draw lines
Random.InitState(seed);
for (int i = 1; i < values.Count; i++)
{
if (!useRandomColor)
{
Gizmos.color = color;
}
else
{
Gizmos.color = new Color(Random.Range(0f, 1f), Random.Range(0f, 1f), Random.Range(0f, 1f));
}
Gizmos.DrawLine(values[i - 1], values[i]);
}
//Draw points
Gizmos.color = Color.black;
for (int i = 0; i < values.Count; i++)
{
Gizmos.DrawWireSphere(values[i], 0.05f);
}
}
//Display handle points
private void DisplayHandle(Vector3 handlePos, Vector3 curvePos)
{
Gizmos.color = Color.white;
Gizmos.DrawLine(handlePos, curvePos);
Gizmos.DrawWireSphere(handlePos, 0.2f);
}
}
|
Pelham Humfrey (also: Humphrey) (born London 1647; died Windsor 14 July 1674) was an English composer in the Baroque period. Although he died at the age of 26 he had an important influence on English composers such as William Turner and Henry Purcell. He lived at the time of the Restoration, when England was ruled by a king once more after two decades of republican rule, during which music had not been allowed in churches.
Life
We do not know much detail about his early life. He seems to have been a choirboy in the Chapel Royal by 1660. During this time he was obviously becoming a very gifted composer. Other boys in the choir included John Blow and William Turner. As a young man he travelled to France where he heard music by French composers such as Lully and Italians such as Carissimi. This helped him to form his own style. He became a Gentleman of the Chapel Royal. He wrote some fine anthems, although the diarist Samuel Pepys thought that he was showing off. This may be because Pepys did not like the new kind of music. He married the daughter of his old choir master Henry Cooke. He became Master of the Children of the Chapel Royal. This meant that he was in charge of the children in the king's chapel choir. He was also a court composer.
He became ill and died at the age of 26. He was buried in the cloisters of Westminster Abbey.
His music
Humfrey composed a lot of music during his very short life. It helped to form the English Baroque style. He mostly wrote church music, but he also wrote some music for the theatre.
Humfrey liked to compose music which excited people's emotions. Some of his melodies jump around in unexpected ways. There is a lot of chromaticism. Some of his best anthems include: O Lord my God, By the waters of Babylon and Like as the hart. He wrote 27 songs. Five of them are religious songs, and they are some of the best songs of that time. |
High Peaks Pure Earth has translated a blogpost by Woeser written on October 11, 2012 for the Tibetan service of Radio Free Asia and posted on her blog on October 17, 2012.
Even though it has been almost two months since this blogpost was written, Golog Jigme’s whereabouts still remain unknown. Strange events are unfolding, just last week on November 30, Committee to Protect Journalists reported on an official order of arrest from Chinese authorities for Golog Jigme, saying he is wanted for manslaughter. For further updates as they are received, check the website of Filming for Tibet, the organisation that produced “Leaving Fear Behind”.
This is Jigme Gyatso, also named Golog Jigme.
The photo was taken in his residence.
One night at the beginning of September, Golog Jigme’s residence was
demolished by a work unit from Sangchu County
Behind Golog Jigme is Labrang Monastery where he
went to be a Buddhist monk for many years.
“Remembering the Missing Monk Golog Jigme”
By Woeser
A week ago, an unknown person with an Amdo Tibetan dialect phoned me to hurriedly tell me that Golog Jigme had maybe been arrested. At the time, I was just passing Ramoche Temple and saw a few Special Police surrounding two young Tibetans, checking their ID cards. “When?” I asked in a loud voice, but the Chinese pop music coming out of the shop next to me was even louder, I could not hear what the person said and then the connection broke.
I immediately dialled Golog Jigme’s number but just heard the “this phone is switched off” message.
Golog Jigme is a monk from Labrang Monastery and belongs to the Gelugpa school of Tibetan Buddhism. His whole name is Jigme Gyatso, he is 43 years old. He was born in Sertar County, in Kandze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province and traditionally, this region was called Golog Sertar, which is close to and belongs to the Golog region, mainly a nomadic area. In the monasteries there are many monks with the same names; for example, Lama Jigme, the deputy director of the Monastery management committee who has been arrested many times and who is now facing his prison sentence, his religious name is also Jigme Gyatso. In order to indicate the differences, each one gets an alternative name. Golog Jigme is Jigme from Golog Sertar.
Golog Jigme was arrested between 2008 and 2009. The main reason was because he helped farmers to appear in the documentary shot by Dhondup Wangchen, “Leaving Fear behind”. It was the first documentary that was filmed by someone from inside Tibet that actually reveals the truth and provides verbal evidence; one of the people interviewed was Golog Jigme’s father who expressed his longing for His Holiness the Dalai Lama, choking with tears. Dhondup Wangchen was sentenced to 6 years in prison for this, accused of “subversion of state power”. Golog Jigme suffered from cruel torture, leaving him with a broken body. Last year when I met him, I witnessed myself how he could not could even walk for his whole body was in pain because of the cold weather.
I do not dare to believe that Golog Jigme has once more been thrown into prison. Last month on the phone, he still asked me if I was safe and sound. In fact, he would always worry about his friends’ safety and well-being, he would never talk much about his own sufferings. He has an optimistic personality, his voice is bright and clear, his round face is always smiling. Meeting him doesn’t actually reveal who he really is, it is impossible to imagine that this courageous person was tortured and nearly died. At the time of the torture his father was so worried that he fell ill and shortly after he was released his father passed away.
Two days ago, I heard different news about Golog Jigme from his friends that suggested inscrutable danger, making people extremely worried.
According to this news, one night in early September, a work unit in Sangchu County, Kanlho Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province where Labrang Monastery is situated, sent some men with a bulldozer to raze the ground around Golog Jigme’s residence. They did not say which work unit they belonged to, they only said that the demolition was related to the government’s city construction project. Golog Jigme’s residence was very small, and in the whole of Labrang Monastery, only his place was being demolished. He could only try and save his personal important belongings and, before the arrival of the bulldozer, squeezed into another monk’s residence.
When Golog Jigme was young he left home for this famous Buddhist Monastery, Labrang Monastery and is now considered a senior monk. When his residence was demolished, he went to the monastery management to ask for temporary accommodation but was refused. On September 20, Golog Jigme was invited to a Tibetan family home in Lanzhou to recite and chant Buddhist texts. On 21st, he went to the prefecture level authorities in Tsoe County to take care of the paperwork, he stayed there for one night. The next day, on his way back to Labrang Monastery, he went missing has remained so without news since.
Golog Jigme’s friend said: “They all say that Golog Jigme was probably caught by the police. But this time the reason for it is not clear, maybe it was related to the beginning of the 18th People’s Congress; the demolition of his residence seems to be related to this and makes people extremely worried about his safety.”
In a blogpost titled “The case of Tibetan Senior Monks who were either Tortured or went Missing” I once wrote: Many people, yes, they are all from our culture, they are all respected as the “Sangha”, one of the three precious treasures of Buddhism, they are all our treasured deep maroon; but today, they have, one by one, not only been degraded and hated, but even exterminated by physical bodies. Of course, the one that treats our Rinpoches, our Geshes, our Khenpos, our Lamas and all our monks like this is not an individual person, is not a group of people, it is a government…I beg you to pay attention to their lives that have been persecuted. Their and many other monks’ sufferings are not random cases, they are absolutely not individual cases.”
Written in Lhasa, October 11, 2012 |
Peter Barry (10 August 1928 - 26 August 2016) was an Irish politician and businessman. He was from Cork city. He was a member of Fine Gael. He was a Teachta Dala (TD; member of parliament) from 1969 to 1997, and Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1982 to 1987. He helped negotiate the Anglo-Irish Agreement. In 1987, he served for a short time as Tanaiste (deputy prime minister). |
Check out CNN affiliates WJTV and WLBT for the latest reports on flooding.
Vicksburg, Mississippi (CNN) -- Storms were forecast Saturday for areas already suffering from the swollen Mississippi River, as Mississippi's governor urged caution.
The rain comes as the Mississippi River was cresting in Natchez, Mississippi. The water was cresting at 61.8 feet, or 13.8 feet above flood stage there, according to the National Weather Service.
There were some early signs of recovery farther north in Vicksburg, where the river had already crested, though the floodwaters are expected to remain for weeks. The Yazoo backwater levee near Vicksburg had hit its peak, CNN affiliate WLBT reported.
"These levees are going to be more and more saturated every day. There will be continuing wave action up against them and so people shouldn't drop their guard," Gov. Haley Barbour told reporters in Yazoo City Friday.
Although many displaced residents in Vicksburg are eager to return to their homes, until the water level recedes, only emergency officials will be allowed, WLBT reported.
"It is illegal to drive a boat in flooded areas and it will remain so until that executive order is lifted, which won't be soon," Barbour said.
The governor also warned of health risks to both the emergency responders and residents.
"We've had reports of water samples where the E. coli level was 200 times normal. This stuff is nasty," Barbour said. The governor himself owns a lake home that has been flooded.
The Mississippi River is not expected to return to its 43-foot flood stage in Vicksburg until after June 14, which is 46 days after it climbed out of its banks, said Amanda Roberts, a National Weather Service hydrologist. It crested at 57.1 feet Thursday. The river is more than a foot over the record set in the city in 1927.
"We're in need of, first off, a place to live. And then second off, pretty much everything you would need in a home," evacuee Pat Wilsoe told CNN affiliate WAPT.
Vicksburg resident Hoover Youenger told the station his home had several feet of water in it.
"In a way, it feels like a big loss, but with Mother Nature you can't do anything about it," he said, WAPT reported.
Severe storms are likely Saturday and Sunday in the Mississippi River, Ohio River and Tennessee River valleys.
Up to 3 inches of rain per hour are possible, with heavier storms on Sunday. The rain could lead to secondary crests and higher crests along the Mississippi from Memphis, Tennessee, southward, CNN meteorologist Sean Morris said.
Some greeted the cresting floodwaters -- which have damaged hundreds of homes and displaced 2,000 Vicksburg residents -- with relief. Others just went to work.
Rusty Larsen, owner of Rusty's River Front Grill in Vicksburg, told CNN affiliate WJTV that his business has picked up some with the floods.
"We stay busy most days anyway, but there's been a lot of people downtown," he said. "I see a lot of local people. Some of them are tourists. Everybody wants to come see the water."
Local officials caution that some area residents may have to wait to return to their homes.
Flooded houses pose a variety of dangers, they said. Rising floodwaters bring debris, hazardous waste and gas leaks, and force snakes or other potentially dangerous animals from their habitats and into residential areas.
"Right now we're moving to the recovery stage," Vicksburg Mayor Paul Winfield told CNN.
"Our first priority, I believe, should be public safety, to continue to encourage our residents and onlookers to stay free of the water."
Law enforcement officials are patrolling evacuated areas to help ensure that abandoned homes and businesses aren't burglarized, Winfield said. And each flooded property must be assessed before an owner can return to it, he said.
Warren County, which includes Vicksburg, has "several hundred homes that have water" and about 2,000 residents have been displaced, Sheriff Martin Pace said.
County residents are accustomed to flooding and know what to do, but none have experienced it at this magnitude, according to Pace.
A slide was detected on the mainline Mississippi levee at Lake Albemarle, the Corps of Engineers said Thursday. That occurs when the integrity of a levee is undermined because dirt and sand are being eroded, spokeswoman Eileen Williamson said.
Crews are working around the clock to help fill the gaps.
If the levee fails, thousands of homes and more than one million acres would be flooded, according to Peter Nimrod, the Mississippi Levee Board's chief engineer.
"So it's very important we hold this levee together," he said.
Farther south, where the Mississippi River has not yet crested, residents were working to clear out their homes and find ways to get by.
Louisiana Gov. Bobby Jindal has asked for federal assistance in grappling with flooding stemming from the Morganza Spillway, where 17 bays have been opened in hopes of sparing New Orleans farther downstream.
So far, the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development has delivered nearly 150,000 sandbags, 30,000 cubic yards of sand and 33,000 linear feet of fabric-lined baskets, the governor's office said. Approximately 1,150 Louisiana National Guard members have been mobilized.
Mandatory evacuations were in effect Saturday in Happy Town and the Sherburne Wildlife Management Area, the St. Martin Parish Sheriff's Office said. Officials will decide whether evacuations are needed in Butte La Rose on Monday.
Spillway gates are likely to be open for weeks, meaning it will be some time before the river falls below flood stage, allowing evacuees to return.
The flood is the most significant to hit the lower Mississippi River valley since at least 1937. It has affected nine states so far: Missouri, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio, Indiana, Arkansas, Louisiana and Mississippi.
CNN's Brian Todd contributed to this report. |
Kevin Dunn (born August 24, 1956) is an American actor who has played in many supporting roles. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. He has been in movies since the 1980s. He has also been in many television roles. Dunn was in the movie Mississippi Burning, the television show Forever Knight, and the Netflix show The Umbrella Academy. |
Q:
How can I go about live streaming sound on Android?
I wish to make an app that allows a group of (6-8) people to listen in on a live stream of sound between two other people. How would I go about doing this, and/or is this even possible to do on Android?
A:
Sounds like you want something similar to a VOIP call between two people and allow others to listen in on their conversation?
This is not trivial and requires an AudioStream (RTP audio) between the parties and most likely SIP to manage the calls. You may not want it to look like a conference call between 6 people, with 4 of them muted, but it could be managed that way and the implementation hidden from the users.
I'd suggest looking at some of the open source Android voip projects.
|
Mirzapur () is a division of Uttar Pradesh, India.
Districts
Mirzapur district
Sant Ravidas Nagar district
Sonbhadra district |
Phoneutria nigriventer spider toxin Tx2-6 causes priapism and death: a histopathological investigation in mice.
Phoneutria nigriventer spider bite causes priapism, an effect attributed to the peptide toxins Tx2-5 and Tx2-6 and involving nitric oxide. Tx2-6 (MW = 5287) is known to delay the inactivation of Sodium channels in the same fashion as many other venom toxins. In the present study we evaluated the i.p. dose that induces priapism and the other symptoms in mice. Animals killed by the toxin or crude venom (0.85 mg/kg) were autopsied and a pathological study of brain, lung, kidney, liver and heart was undertaken using standard techniques. The same protocol was employed with animals injected with crude venom. Results showed that priapism is the first sign of intoxication, followed by piloerection, abundant salivation and tremors. An i.p. injection of about 0.3 μg/kg induced only priapism with minimal side-effects. The most remarkable histological finding was a general vascular congestion in all organs studied. Penis showed no necrosis or damage. Lungs showed vascular congestion and alveolar hemorrhage. Heart showed also sub-endothelial hemorrhage. Brain showed only a mild edema and vascular congestion. Results obtained with crude venom closely resemble those of purified toxin. We conclude that Tx2-6 have profound effects on the vascular bed especially in lungs and heart, which may be the cause of death. Interestingly brain tissue was less affected and the observed edema may be attributed to respiratory impairment. To the best of our knowledge this is the first histopathological investigation on this toxin and venom suggesting a possible cause of death. |
Paul Anthony Edward Everingham (born 4 February 1943) is an Australian politician. He was a member of the Country Liberal Party. He was the head of government of the Northern Territory from 1977 to 1984. He served as the second and last Majority Leader (1977-1978) and the first Chief Minister of the Northern Territory from 1978 to 1984. He also served as a member of the national parliament for the Northern Territory from 1984 to 1987.
Everingham was born in Brisbane, Queensland. |
# -*- mode: snippet -*-
# name: data
# key: data
# --
data "${1:type}" "${2:name}" {
$0
}
|
On 24 November 2015, a bus carrying Tunisian presidential guards exploded, killing 12, on a principal road in Tunis. After the attack, President Beji Caid Essebsi issued a state of emergency in Tunisia. ISIL claimed responsibility for the attack. The bomber, who killed himself in the attack, was identified as Houssem Abdelli. |
Al-Arous Caravansarai
al-Arous Caravansarai (; The Bride Khan) is a small Caravanserai in Al-Qutayfah, Rif Dimashq Governorate, Syria
See also
Khan As'ad Pasha
Khan Jaqmaq
Khan Sulayman Pasha
Khan Tuman
References
Category:Caravanserais in Damascus |
Albert Austin "Sonny" Burgess (May 28, 1929 - August 18, 2017) was an American rockabilly guitarist and singer. He was born in Newport, Arkansas. He was known for working with fellow country musician D. J. Fontana. He gained popularity in Europe during most of his career. Burgess was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame of Europe in 1999.
Burgess died of complications from a fall in Little Rock, Arkansas on August 18, 2017 at the age of 88. |
/etc/yaws/yaws.conf
man page of /etc/yaws/yaws.conf
/etc/yaws/yaws.conf: Configuration file for the yaws web server
NAME
/etc/yaws/yaws.conf - Configuration file for the yaws web server
DESCRIPTION
Yaws is fast lightweight web server. It reads a configuration file
called yaws.conf to control its operations. The configuration contains
two distinct parts a global part which affects all the virtual hosts
and a server part where options for each virtual host is supplied.
GLOBAL PART
logdir = Directory
All yaws logs will be written to files in this directory. There
are several different log files written by yaws.
report.log - this is a text file that contains all error logger
printouts from yaws.
<Host>.access - for each virtual host served by yaws, a file
<Host>.access will be written which contains an access log in
Common Log Format. (See
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Log_Format for more details
on Common Log Format.)
<Host>.auth - for each virtual host served by yaws, a file
<Host>.auth will be written which contains all http auth related
messages.
trace.http - this file contains the HTTP trace if that is
enabled
trace.traffic - this file contains the traffic trace if that is
enabled
Note that <Host>.access and <Host>.auth files will be used only
if the directive logger_mod is not set or set to yaws_log.
The default value for logdir is "."
ebin_dir = Directory
This directive adds Directory to the Erlang search path. It is
possible to have several of these command in the configuration
file. The default value is "yaws_dir"/examples/ebin
id = String
It is possible run multiple yaws servers on the same machine. We
use the id of a yaws server to control it using the different
control commands such as:
# /usr/local/bin/yaws --id foobar --stop
To stop the Yaws server with id "foobar". Each Yaws server will
write its internals data into a file called $HOME/.yaws/yaws/ID
where ID the identity of the server. Yaws also creates a file
called ${VARDIR}/run/yaws/ctl-${ID} which contain the port
number where the server is listening for control commands. The
default id is "default".
server_signature = String
This directive set the "Server: " output header to the custom
value. The default value is "yaws/%VSN%, Yet Another Web
Server".
include_dir = Directory
This directive adds Directory to the path of directories where
the Erlang compiler searches for include files. We need to use
this if we want to include .hrl files in our yaws Erlang code.
The default value is "yaws_dir"/examples/include.
max_num_cached_files = Integer
Yaws will cache small files such as commonly accessed GIF images
in RAM. This directive sets a maximum number on the number of
cached files. The default value is 400.
max_num_cached_bytes = Integer
This directive controls the total amount of RAM which can
maximally be used for cached RAM files. The default value is
1000000, 1 megabyte.
max_size_cached_file = Integer
This directive sets a maximum size on the files that are RAM
cached by yaws. The default value i 8000, 8 kBytes.
cache_refresh_secs = Integer
The RAM cache is used to serve pages that sit in the cache. An
entry sits in cache at most cache_refresh_secs number of
seconds. The default is 30. This means that when the content is
updated under the docroot, that change doesn't show until 30
seconds have passed. While developing a yaws site, it may be
convenient to set this value to 0. If the debug flag (-d) is
passed to the yaws start script, this value is automatically set
to 0.
trace = false | traffic | http
This enables traffic or http tracing. Tracing is also possible
to enable with a command line flag to yaws. Default is false.
use_old_ssl = true | false
This re-enables the old OTP ssl implementation. By default we
use the new ssl implementation.
auth_log = true | false
Deprecated and ignored. Now, this target must be set in server
part.
max_connections = nolimit | Integer
Set this value to control the maximum number of connections from
HTTP clients into the server. This is implemented by closing the
last socket if the limit threshold is reached.
keepalive_maxuses = nolimit | Integer
Normally, yaws does not restrict the number of times a
connection is kept alive using keepalive. Setting this parameter
to an integer X will ensure that connections are closed once
they have been used X times. This can be a useful to guard
against long running connections collecting too much garbage in
the Erlang VM.
process_options = "[]" | "[{fullsweep_after, int()} | {min_heap_size,
int()}]"
Override the garbage collection option parameters for processes
that handle new connections. Useful for systems that expect
long-lived connections that handle a lot of data. The default
value is Erlang's default which does minimal garbage collection
until the process dies. The value type is a quoted string which
contains an Erlang property list. See Erlang's
erlang:spawn_opt/4 function for more details.
log_wrap_size = Integer
The logs written by yaws are all wrap logs, the default value at
the size where they wrap around and the original gets renamed to
File.old is 1000000, 1 megabyte. This value can changed.
If we set the value to 0 the logs will never wrap. If we want to
use Yaws in combination with a more traditional log wrapper such
as logrotate, set the size to 0 and Yaws will reopen the
logfiles once they have be renamed/removed.
log_resolve_hostname = true | false
By default the client host IP is not resolved in the access
logs.
fail_on_bind_err = true | false
Fail completely or not if yaws fails to bind a listen socket
Default is true.
enable_soap = true | false
If true, a soap server will be started at startup of Yaws.
Default is false.
soap_srv_mods = ListOfModuleSetting
If enable_soap is true, a startup yaws will invoke
yaws_soap_srv:setup() to setup modules set here. ModuleSetting
is either a triad like <Mod, HandlerFunc, WsdlFile> or a
quadruple form like <Mod, HandlerFunc, WsdlFile, Prefix> which
specifies the prefix. A prefix will be used as argument of
yaws_soap_lib:initModel() and then be used as a XML namespace
prefix. Note, the WsdlFile here should be an absolute-path file
in local file systems.
For example, we can specify
soap_srv_mods=<Mod1, HandlerFunc, WsdlFile1><Mod2,
HandlerFunc, WsdlFile2, SpecifiedPrefix>...
php_exe_path = Path
this target is deprecated and useless. use 'php_handler' target
in server part instead.
The name of (and possibly path to) the php executable used to
interpret php scripts (if allowed). Default is php_exe_path =
php-cgi.
copy_error_log = true | false
Enable or disable copying of the error log. When we run in
embedded mode, there may very well be some other systems process
that is responsible for writing the errorlog to a file whereas
when we run in normal standalone mode, we typically want the
Erlang errorlog written to a report.log file. Default value is
true.
ysession_mod = Module
Allows to specify a different Yaws session storage mechanism
instead of an ETS table. One of the drawbacks of the default
yaws_session_server implementation is that server side cookies
are lost when the server restarts. Specifying a different
module here will pass all writes/read operations to this module
(it must implements appropriate callbacks).
runmod = ModuleName
At startup yaws will invoke ModuleName:start() in a separate
process. It is possible to have several runmods. This is useful
if we want to reuse the yaws startup shell script for our own
application.
pick_first_virthost_on_nomatch = true | false
When Yaws gets a request, it extracts the Host: header from the
client request to choose a virtual server amongst all servers
with the same IP/Port pair. This configuration parameter
decides whether yaws should pick the first (as defined in the
yaws.conf file) if no name match or not. In real live hosting
scenarios we typically want this to be false whereas in
testing/development scenarios it may be convenient to set it to
true. Default is true.
keepalive_timeout = TimeInMilliseconds | infinity
If the HTTP session will be kept alive (i.e., not immediately
closed) it will close after keepalive_timeout milliseconds
unless a new request is received in that time. The default value
is 30000. The value infinity is legal but not recommended.
subconfig = File
Load specified config file.
subconfigdir = Directory
Load all config file in specified directory.
x_forwarded_for_log_proxy_whitelist = ListOfUpstreamProxyServerIps
In case yaws is running behind a HTTP proxy or HTTP load
balancer it may be desirable to configure this proxy to put the
IP address of the originating client into the X-Forwarded-For
header and have yaws log this IP address as the request's source
IP address instead of logging the proxy server's IP address over
and over again. This setting determines which source IP
addresses are rewritten in this manner.
For example, if there are two proxies with the IP addresses
192.168.0.1 and 192.168.0.2 in front of yaws, we can specify:
x_forwarded_for_log_proxy_whitelist = 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.2
SERVER PART
Yaws can virthost several web servers on the same IP address as well as
several web servers on different IP addresses. This includes SSL
servers.
Each virtual host is defined within a matching pair of <server
ServerName> and </server>. The ServerName will be the name of the
webserver.
The following directives are allowed inside a server definition.
port = Port
This makes the server listen on Port. Default is 8000.
listen = IpAddress
This makes the server listen on IpAddress. When virthosting
several servers on the same ip/port address, if the browser
doesn't send a Host: field, yaws will pick the first server
specified in the config file. If the specified IP address is
0.0.0.0 yaws will listen on all local IP addresses on the
specified port. Default is 0.0.0.0. Multiple listen directives
may be used to specify several addresses to listen on.
listen_backlog = Integer
This sets the TCP listen backlog for the server to define the
maximum length the queue of pending connections may grow to. The
default is the same as the default provided by gen_tcp:listen/2,
which is 5.
rhost = Host[:Port]
This forces all local redirects issued by the server to go to
Host. This is useful when yaws listens to a port which is
different from the port that the user connects to. For example,
running yaws as a non-privileged user makes it impossible to
listen to port 80, since that port can only be opened by a
privileged user. Instead yaws listens to a high port number
port, 8000, and iptables are used to redirect traffic to port 80
to port 8000 (most NAT:ing firewalls will also do this for you).
rscheme = http | https
This forces all local redirects issued by the server to use this
method. This is useful when an SSL off-loader, or stunnel, is
used in front of yaws.
auth_log = true | false
Enable or disable the auth log for this virtual server. Default
is true.
access_log = true | false
Setting this directive to false turns of traffic logging for
this virtual server. The default value is true.
logger_mod = Module
It is possible to set a special module that handles access and
auth logging. The default is to log all web server traffic to
<Host>.access and <Host>.auth files in the configured or default
logdir.
This module must implement the behaviour yaws_logger. Default
value is yaws_log.
The following functions should be exported:
Module:open_log(ServerName, Type, LogDir)
When yaws is started, this function is called for this
virtual server. If the initialization is successful, the
function must return {true,State} and if an error occurred,
it must return false.
Module:close_log(ServerName, Type)
This function is called for this virtual server when yaws
is stopped.
Module:wrap_log(ServerName, Type, State, LogWrapSize)
This function is used to rotate log files. It is regularly
called by yaws and must return the possibly updated
internal NewState.
Module:write_log(ServerName, Type, State, Infos)
When it needs to log a message, Yaws will call this
function. The parameter Infos is
{Ip,Req,InHdrs,OutHdrs,Time} for an access log and
{Ip,Path,Item} for an auth log, where:
Ip - IP address of the accessing client (as a tuple).
Req - the HTTP method, URI path, and HTTP version of the
request (as a #http_request{} record).
InHdrs - the HTTP headers which were sent from the WWW
client (as a #headers{} record).
OutHdrs - the HTTP headers sent to the WWW client (as a
#outh{} record)
Path - the URI path of the request (as a string).
Item - the result of an authentication request. May be
{ok,User}, 403 or {401,Realm}.
Time - The time taken to serve the request, in
microseconds.
For all of these callbacks, ServerName is the virtual server's
name, Type is the atom access or auth and State is the internal
state of the logger.
shaper = Module
Defines a module to control access to this virtual server.
Access can be controlled based on the IP address of the client.
It is also possible to throttles HTTP requests based on the
client's download rate. This module must implement the behaviour
yaws_shaper.
There is no such module configured by default.
dir_listings = true | true_nozip | false
Setting this directive to false disallows the automatic dir
listing feature of Yaws. A status code 403 Forbidden will be
sent. Set to true_nozip to avoid the auto-generated all.zip
entries. Default is false.
extra_cgi_vars = .....
Add additional CGI or FastCGI variables. For example:
<extra_cgi_vars dir='/path/to/some/scripts'>
var = val
...
</extra_cgi_vars>
statistics = true | false
Turns on/off statistics gathering for a virtual server. Default
is false.
fcgi_app_server = Host:Port
The hostname and TCP port number of a FastCGI application
server. The TCP port number is not optional. There is no
default value.
fcgi_trace_protocol = true | false
Enable or disable tracing of FastCGI protocol messages as info
log messages. Disabled by default.
fcgi_log_app_error = true | false
Enable or disable logging of application error messages (output
to stderr and non-zero exit value). Disabled by default.
deflate = true | false
Turns on or off deflate compression for a server. Default is
false.
docroot = Directory ...
This makes the server serve all its content from Directory.
It is possible to pass a space-separated list of directories as
docroot. If this is the case, the various directories will be
searched in order for the requested file. This also works with
the ssi and yssi constructs where the full list of directories
will be searched for files to ssi/yssi include.
auth_skip_docroot = true | false
If true, the docroot will not be searched for .yaws_auth files.
This is useful when the docroot is quite large and the time to
search it is prohibitive when yaws starts up. Defaults to false.
partial_post_size = Integer | nolimit
When a yaws file receives large POSTs, the amount of data
received in each chunk is determined by the this parameter. The
default value is 10240.
dav = true | false
Turns on the DAV protocol for this server. The dav support in
yaws is highly limited. If dav is turned on, .yaws processing of
.yaws pages is turned off. Default is false. Setting it to
nolimit is potentially dangerous. The socket read timeout is
supplied by the keepalive_timeout setting. If the read is not
done within the timeout, the POST will fail.
tilde_expand = true|false
If this value is set to false yaws will never do tilde
expansion. The default is false. tilde_expansion is the
mechanism whereby a URL on the form //www.foo.com/~username
is changed into a request where the docroot for that particular
request is set to the directory ~username/public_html/ Default
is false.
allowed_scripts = ListOfSuffixes
The allowed script types for this server. Recognized are
'yaws', 'cgi', 'fcgi', 'php'. Default is allowed_scripts = yaws
php cgi fcgi.
Note: for fcgi scripts, the FastCGI application server is only
called if a local file with the .fcgi extension exists. However,
the contents of the local .fcgi file are ignored.
tilde_allowed_scripts = ListOfSuffixes
The allowed script types for this server when executing files in
a users public_html folder Recognized are 'yaws', 'cgi',
'fcgi', 'php'. Default is tilde_allowed_scripts = i.e. empty
appmods = ListOfModuleNames
If any the names in ListOfModuleNames appear as components in
the path for a request, the path request parsing will terminate
and that module will be called. There is also an alternate
syntax for specifying the appmods if we don't want our internal
erlang module names to be exposed in the URL paths. We can
specify
appmods = <Path1, Module1> <Path2, Modules2> ...
Assume for example that we have the URL
//www.hyber.org/myapp/foo/bar/baz?user=joe while we have
the module foo defined as an appmod, the function foo:out(Arg)
will be invoked instead of searching the filesystems below the
point foo.
The Arg argument will have the missing path part supplied in its
appmoddata field.
It is also possible to exclude certain directories from appmod
processing. This is particulaly interesting for '/' appmods.
Here is an example:
appmods = </, myapp exclude_paths icons js top/static>
The above configuration will invoke the 'myapp' erlang module on
everything except any file found in directories, 'icons', 'js'
and 'top/static' relative to the docroot.
errormod_404 = Module
It is possible to set a special module that handles 404 Not
Found messages.
The function Module:out404(Arg, GC, SC) will be invoked. The
arguments are
Arg is a #arg{} record
GC is a #gconf{} record (defined in yaws.hrl)
SC is a #sconf{} record (defined in yaws.hrl)
The function can and must do the same things that a normal out/1
does.
errormod_401 = Module
It is possible to set a special module that handles 401
Unauthorized messages. This can for example be used to display a
login page instead.
The function Module:out401(Arg, Auth, Realm) will be invoked.
The arguments are
Arg is a #arg{} record
Auth is a #auth{} record
Realm is a string
The function can and must do the same things that a normal out/1
does.
errormod_crash = Module
It is possible to set a special module that handles the HTML
generation of server crash messages. The default is to display
the entire formated crash message in the browser. This is good
for debugging but not in production.
The function Module:crashmsg(Arg, SC, Str) will be called. The
Str is the real crash message formated as a string.
The function must return, {content,MimeType,Cont} or {html, Str}
or {ehtml, Term}. That data will be shipped to the client.
expires = ListOfExpires
Controls the setting of the Expires HTTP header and the max-age
directive of the Cache-Control HTTP header in server responses
for specific mime types. The expiration date can set to be
relative to either the time the source file was last modified,
or to the time of the client access. ListOfExpires is defined as
follows:
expires = <MimeType1, access+Seconds> <MimeType2,
modify+Seconds> ...
These HTTP headers are an instruction to the client about the
document's validity and persistence. If cached, the document may
be fetched from the cache rather than from the source until this
time has passed. After that, the cache copy is considered
"expired" and invalid, and a new copy must be obtained from the
source. Here is an example:
expires = <image/gif, access+2592000> <image/png,
access+2592000>
expires = <image/jpeg, access+2592000> <text/css,
access+2592000>
arg_rewrite_mod = Module
It is possible to install a module that rewrites all the Arg
#arg{} records at an early stage in the yaws server. This can
be used to do various things such as checking a cookie,
rewriting paths etc.
The module yaws_vdir can be used in case you want to serve
static content that is not located in your docroot. See the
example at the bottom of this man page for how to use the opaque
+ vdir elements to instruct the yaws_vdir module what paths to
rewrite.
start_mod = Module
Defines a user provided callback module. At startup of the
server, Module:start/1 will be called. The #sconf{} record
(defined in yaws.hrl) will be used as the input argument. This
makes it possible for a user application to synchronize the
startup with the yaws server as well as getting hold of user
specific configuration data, see the explanation for the
<opaque> context.
revproxy = Prefix Url
Make yaws a reverse proxy. The Prefix is a path inside our own
docroot and the Url argument is an url pointing to a website we
want to "mount" under the path which is Prefix.
Example: revproxy = /tmp/foo //yaws.hyber.org
Makes the hyber website appear under /tmp/foo
It is possible to have multiple reverse proxies inside the same
server.
WARNING, this feature is yet not in production quality.
fwdproxy = true|false
Make yaws a forward proxy. By enabling this option you can use
yaws as a proxy for outgoing web traffic, typically by
configuring the proxy settings in a web-browser to explicitly
target yaws as its proxy server.
WARNING, this feature is yet not in production quality.
servername = Name
If we're virthosting everal servers and want to force a server
to match specific Host: headers we can do this with the
"servername" directive. This name doesn't necessarily have to be
the same as the the name inside <server Name> in certain NAT
scenarios. Rarely used feature.
php_handler = <Type, Spec>
Set handler to interpret .php files. It can be one of the
following definitions:
php_handler = <cgi, Filename> - The name of (and possibly path
to) the php executable used to interpret php scripts (if
allowed).
php_handler = <fcgi, Host:Port> - Use the specified fastcgi
server to interpret .php files (if allowed).
Yaws does not start the PHP interpreter in fastcgi mode for
you. To run PHP in fastcgi mode, call it with the -b
option. For example:
php5-cgi -b '127.0.0.1:54321'
This starts a php5 in fastcgi mode listening on the local
network interface. To make use of this PHP server from
yaws, specify:
php_handler = <fcgi, 127.0.0.1:54321>
The PHP interpreter needs read access to the files it is to
serve. Thus, if you run it in a different security context
than yaws itself, make sure it has access to the .php
files.
Please note that anyone who is able to connect to the php
fastcgi server directly can use it to read any file to
which it has read access. You should consider this when
setting up a system with several mutually untrusted
instances of php.
php_handler = <extern, Module:Function | Node:Module:Function> -
Use an external handler, possibly on another node, to interpret
.php files (if allowed).
To interpret a .php file, the function Module:Function(Arg)
will be invoked (Evaluated inside a rpc call if a Node is
specified), where Arg is a #arg{} record.
The function must do the same things that a normal out/1
does.
Default value is <cgi, "/usr/bin/php-cgi">.
phpfcgi = Host:Port
this target is deprecated. use 'php_handler' target in server
part instead.
Use this directive is same as: php_handler = <fcgi, Host:Port>.
<ssl> .... </ssl>
This begins and ends an SSL configuration for this server. It's
possible to virthost several SSL servers on the same IP given
that they all share the same certificate configuration. In
general it is complicated to virthost several SSL servers on the
same IP address since the certificate is typically bound to a
domainname in the common name part of the certificate. One
solution (the only?) to this problem is to have a certificate
with multiple subjectAltNames. See
//wiki.cacert.org/VhostTaskForce#Interoperability_Test
keyfile = File
Specifies which file contains the private key for the
certificate. If not specified then the certificate file will be
used.
certfile = File
Specifies which file contains the certificate for the server.
cacertfile = File
A file containing trusted certificates to use during client
authentication and to use when attempting to build the server
certificate chain. The list is also used in the list of
acceptable client CAs passed to the client when a certificate is
requested.
verify = 0 | 1 | 2 | verify_none | verify_peer
Specifies the level of verification the server does on client
certs. 0 means that the server will not ask for a cert
(verify_none), 1 means that the server will ask the client for a
cert but not fail if the client does not supply a client cert
(verify_peer, fail_if_no_peer_cert = false), 2 means that the
server requires the client to supply a client cert (verify_peer,
fail_if_no_peer_cert = true).
Setting verify_none means that the x509 validation will be
skipped (no certificate request is sent to the client),
verify_peer means that a certificate request is sent to the
client (x509 validation is performed.
You might want to use fail_if_no_peer_cert in combination with
verify_peer.
fail_if_no_peer_cert = true | false
If verify is set to verify_peer and set to true the connection
will fail if the client does not send a certificate (i.e. an
empty certificate). If set to false the server will fail only if
an invalid certificate is supplied (an empty certificate is
considered valid).
depth = Int
Specifies the depth of certificate chains the server is prepared
to follow when verifying client certs. For the OTP new ssl
implementation it is also used to specify how far the server,
i.e. we, shall follow the SSL certificates we present to the
clients. Hence, using self signed certs, we typically need to
set this to 0.
password = String
String If the private key is encrypted on disc, this password is
the 3Dee key to decrypt it.
ciphers = String
This string specifies the SSL cipher string. The syntax of the
SSL cipher string is a little horrible sublanguage of its own.
It is documented in the ssl man page for "ciphers".
</ssl> Ends an SSL definition
<redirect> ... </redirect>
Defines a redirect mapping. The following items are allowed
within a matching pair of <redirect> and </redirect> delimiters.
We can have a series of
Path = URL or
Path = file
All accesses to Path will be redirected to URL/Path or
alternatively to scheme:host:port/file/Path if a file is used.
Note that the original path is appended to the redirected url.
So if we for example have:
<redirect>
/foo = //www.mysite.org/zapp
/bar = /tomato.html
</redirect>
Asumming this config resides on a site called //abc.com, We
have the following redirects:
//abc.com/foo -> //www.mysite.org/zapp/foo
//abc.com/foo/test -> //www.mysite.org/zapp/foo/test
//abc.com/bar -> //abc.com/bar
//abc.com/bar/x/y/z -> //abc.com/bar/x/y/z
Sometimes we do not want to have the original path appended to
the redirected path. To get that behaviour we specify the config
with '==' instead of '='.
<redirect>
/foo == //www.mysite.org/zapp
/bar = /tomato.html </redirect>
Now a request for //abc.com/foo/x/y/z simply gets
redirected to //www.mysite.org/zapp. This is typically used
when we simply want a static redirect at some place in the
docroot.
When we specify a file as target for the redirect, the redir
will be to the current http(s) server.
<auth> ... </auth>
Defines an auth structure. The following items are allowed
within a matching pair of <auth> and </auth> delimiters.
docroot = Docroot
If a docroot is defined, this auth structure will be tested only
for requests in the specified docroot. No docroot configured
means all docroots. If two auth structures are defined, one
with a docroot and one with no docroot, the first of both
overrides the second one for requests in the configured docroot.
dir = Dir
Makes Dir to be controlled by WWW-authenticate headers. In order
for a user to have access to WWW-Authenticate controlled
directory, the user must supply a password. The Dir must be
specified relative to the docroot. Multiple dir can be used. If
no dir is set, the default value, "/", will be used.
realm = Realm
In the directory defined here, the WWW-Authenticate Realm is set
to this value.
authmod = AuthMod
If an auth module is defined then AuthMod:auth(Arg, Auth) will
be called for all access to the directory. The auth/2 function
should return one of: true, false, {false, Realm}, {appmod,
Mod}. If {appmod, Mod} is returned then a call to
Mod:out401(Arg, Auth, Realm) will be used to deliver the
content. If errormod_401 is defined, the call to Mod will be
ignored. (Mod:out(Arg) is deprecated).
This can, for example, be used to implement cookie
authentication. The auth() callback would check if a valid
cookie header is present, if not it would return {appmod,
?MODULE} and the out401/1 function in the same module would
return {redirect_local, "/login.html"}.
user = User:Password
Inside this directory, the user User has access if the user
supplies the password Password in the popup dialogue presented
by the browser. We can obviously have several of these value
inside a single <auth> </auth> pair.
The usage of User:Password in the actual config file is
deprecated as of release 1.51. It is preferred to have the users
in a file called .yaws_auth in the actual directory. The
.yaws_auth file has to be file parseable by file:consult/1
Each row of the file must contain terms on the form
{User, Password}.
Where both User and Password should be strings. The .yaws_auth
file mechanism is recursive. Thus any subdirectories to Dir are
automatically also protected.
The .yaws_auth file is never visible in a dir listing
pam service = pam-service
If the item pam is part of the auth structure, Yaws will also
try to authenticate the user using "pam" using the pam service
indicated. Usual services are typically found under /etc/pam.d.
Usual values are "system-auth" etc.
pam authentication is performed by an Erlang port program which
is typically installed as suid root by the yaws install script.
allow = all | ListOfHost
The allow directive affects which hosts can access an area of
the server. Access can be controlled by IP address or IP address
range. If all is specified, then all hosts are allowed access,
subject to the configuration of the deny and order directives.
To allow only particular hosts or groups of hosts to access the
server, the host can be specified in any of the following
formats:
A full IP address
allow = 10.1.2.3
allow = 192.168.1.104, 192.168.1.205
A network/netmask pair
allow = 10.1.0.0/255.255.0.0
A network/nnn CIDR specification
allow = 10.1.0.0/16
deny = all | ListOfHost
This directive allows access to the server to be restricted
based on IP address. The arguments for the deny directive are
identical to the arguments for the allow directive.
order = Ordering
The order directive, along with allow and deny directives,
controls a three-pass access control system. The first pass
processes either all allow or all deny directives, as specified
by the order directive. The second pass parses the rest of the
directives (deny or allow). The third pass applies to all
requests which do not match either of the first two.
Ordering is one of (Default value is deny,allow):
allow,deny
First, allallow directives are evaluated; at least one must
match, or the request is rejected. Next, deny directives
are evaluated. If any matches, the request is rejected.
Last, any requests which do not match an allow or a deny
directive are denied by default.
deny,allow
First, all deny directives are evaluated; if any match, the
request is denied unless it also matches an allow
directive. Any requests which do not match any allow or
deny directives are permitted.
</auth>
Ends an auth definition
<opaque> .... </opaque>
This begins and ends an opaque configuration context for this
server, where 'Key = Value' directives can be specified. These
directives are ignored by yaws (hence the name opaque), but can
be accessed as a list of tuples {Key,Value} stored in the
#sconf.opaque record entry. See also the description of the
start_mod directive.
This mechanism can be used to pass data from a surrounding
application into the individual .yaws pages. |
Exclusionary zoning is the use of zoning laws to exclude certain types of people from a community. Exclusionary zoning laws began to be used in the United States in the late 19th century. Exclusionary zoning rules are still used today across the country. A common type of exclusionary zoning rule is a minimum lot size rule. This type of rule makes it hard for poor families to build a house on a small lot that they could afford. Exclusionary zoning rules make it hard for poor families to find housing in a community.
Urban planning
Discrimination
Urban geography |
United States Court of Appeals
FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CIRCUIT
Argued April 21, 2017 Decided August 29, 2017
No. 16-7107
GARY E. JOHNSON, ET AL.,
APPELLANTS
v.
COMMISSION ON PRESIDENTIAL DEBATES, ET AL.,
APPELLEES
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the District of Columbia
(No. 1:15-cv-01580)
Bruce E. Fein argued the cause for appellants. With him
on the briefs were W. Bruce DelValle.
Lewis K. Loss argued the cause for appellees. With him on
the brief were Uzoma N. Nkwonta, Robert F. Bauer, Marc E.
Elias, Elisabeth C. Frost, Charles H. Bell Jr., John R.
Phillippe, Jr., and William D. Coglianese. Michael S. Steinberg
entered an appearance.
Before: BROWN and PILLARD, Circuit Judges, and
SILBERMAN, Senior Circuit Judge.
Opinion for the Court filed by Circuit Judge BROWN.
2
Opinion concurring in Part I and concurring in the
judgment filed by Circuit Judge PILLARD.
BROWN, Circuit Judge: Every four years, we suffer
through the celebration of democracy (and national nightmare)
that is a presidential election. And, in the end, one person is
selected to occupy our nation’s highest office. But in every
hard-fought presidential election there are losers. And, with
quadrennial regularity, those losers turn to the courts. See, e.g.,
Perot v. FEC, 97 F.3d 553 (D.C. Cir. 1996); Fulani v. Brady,
935 F.2d 1324 (D.C. Cir. 1991); Johnson v. FCC, 829 F.2d 157
(D.C. Cir. 1987). Today’s challenge concerns 2012 third-party
candidates Gary Johnson and Jill Stein. Their Complaint
presents novel claims under antitrust law and familiar First
Amendment allegations. The district court dismissed the
Complaint, finding Plaintiffs lacked Article III standing,
antitrust standing, and in the alternative, failed to state a claim
for which relief could be granted. See Johnson v. Comm’n on
Presidential Debates, 202 F. Supp. 3d 159 (D.D.C. 2016). For
the reasons set forth below, we affirm.
I.
Gary Johnson and James Gray ran as the Libertarian
Party’s presidential and vice presidential candidates in the 2012
elections, while Jill Stein and her running mate Cheri Honkala
ran on the Green Party ticket. Both slates qualified on a
sufficient number of state ballots to have a mathematical
chance of an Electoral College victory. Each was nonetheless
excluded from the nationally televised general-election
debates.
They claim that they were excluded pursuant to an
agreement between the Obama for America and Romney for
President campaigns. They allege the parties’ agreement,
reflected in a memorandum of understanding (“MOU”),
3
stipulated to three presidential debates and one vice
presidential debate, and designated dates, locations,
moderators, and topics. Those would be the only four debates
between the major-party candidates, “except as agreed to by
the parties” to the MOU. JA 63. The MOU provided that the
Commission on Presidential Debates (“Commission”), a
nonprofit organization, would host the debates subject to its
willingness to “employ the provisions” of the MOU. JA 64.
Any candidate, other than the signatories, would be invited
to participate in the debates only if he or she satisfied certain
selection criteria set forth in the MOU. First, the candidate had
to be constitutionally eligible to be president. Second, he or
she must have qualified to appear on “enough state ballots to
have at least a mathematical chance of securing an Electoral
College majority in the 2012 general election.” Compl. ¶ 74,
JA 45–46. And, third, the candidate had to have achieved a
“level of support of at least 15% (fifteen percent) of the national
electorate as determined by” averaging the most recent results
of “five selected national public opinion polling
organizations.” Id. ¶ 74, JA 46. Johnson and Stein met the first
two criteria, but they fell short of the 15 per cent polled-support
threshold.
The third-party candidates, their running mates, their
campaigns, and the parties they represented in the 2012
election (collectively, “Plaintiffs” for purposes of this opinion)
brought suit, challenging the MOU as an unlawful agreement
to monopolize and restrain competition in violation of sections
1 and 2 of the Sherman Act. 15 U.S.C. §§ 1–2. The Complaint
alleges a conspiracy with the overall objective to:
entrench[] market power in the presidential debates
market, the presidential campaign market, and the
electoral politics market of the two major political
4
parties by exercising duopoly control over
presidential and vice presidential debates in general
election campaigns for the presidency.
Compl. ¶ 1, JA 15. The Complaint also alleges exclusion of
Plaintiffs from the debates “because of hostility towards their
political viewpoints” in violation of their First Amendment
rights to free speech and association. Id. On appeal, Plaintiffs
have abandoned their further claim of intentional interference
with prospective economic advantage and relations.
Plaintiffs allege they were injured “in their businesses of
debating in presidential elections, participating in presidential
election campaigns, and engaging in electoral politics.” Id.
¶ 90, JA 49. They claim to have lost millions of dollars’ worth
of publicity, campaign contributions, and matching funds that
ordinarily would follow participation in the debates, as well as
the salaries they would have earned as President and Vice
President if they had won. Id. ¶ 90, JA 49–50. They sought
invalidation of the 15 per cent polled-support requirement,
injunctive relief dissolving the Commission and enjoining
further collusion between the two major parties, and treble
damages under section 4 of the Clayton Act, 15 U.S.C. § 15.
They named as defendants the Commission and one of its
founders, Frank J. Fahrenkopf, Jr.; Michael D. McCurry, a
Commission co-chair; the Republican and Democratic
National Committees; and 2012 presidential candidates Barack
Obama and Willard Mitt Romney. Compl. ¶ 24–30, JA 23–26.
Defendants’ interests on appeal are represented primarily by
counsel for the Commission.
The district court dismissed the case under Federal Rules
of Civil Procedure 12(b)(1) and (6). It held that Plaintiffs
lacked Article III standing to litigate their Sherman Act claims
because they were based on “wholly speculative” injuries
5
“dependent entirely on media coverage decisions” by
nonparties. Johnson, 202 F. Supp. 3d at 169. The court also
found the alleged harm—lack of media coverage that led to low
popularity—preceded their exclusion from the debates. See id.
Plaintiffs had thus failed to allege injury in fact that was either
traceable to the Commission or redressable in this case. We
review the district court’s dismissal de novo, taking the facts
alleged in the Complaint as true and drawing all reasonable
inferences in Johnson and Stein’s favor. See Bell Atl. Corp. v.
Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555–56 (2007); Andrx Pharm., Inc. v.
Biovail Corp. Int’l, 256 F.3d 799, 805 (D.C. Cir. 2001).
II.
We begin with Plaintiffs’ antitrust claims, asking first
whether Plaintiffs may properly proceed before this Court on
these allegations. “Federal courts are not courts of general
jurisdiction; they have only the power that is authorized by
Article III of the Constitution and the statutes enacted by
Congress pursuant thereto.” Bender v. Williamsport Area Sch.
Dist., 475 U.S. 534, 541 (1986). Accordingly, the Court must
assess Plaintiffs’ standing based on “the specific common-law,
statutory or constitutional claims that [they] present[].” Int’l
Primate Prot. League v. Administrator of Tulane Educ. Fund,
500 U.S. 72, 77 (1991).
The “irreducible constitutional minimum of [Article III]
standing” requires that a plaintiff demonstrate three elements:
(1) injury in fact; (2) causation; and (3) redressability. Lujan
v. Defs. of Wildlife, 504 U.S. 555, 560–61 (1992). “The party
invoking federal jurisdiction bears the burden of establishing
these elements.” Id. at 561. But here we also discuss a second
type of “standing” doctrine: antitrust (i.e. statutory) standing.
While Article III standing is a familiar concept common to all
cases, antitrust standing is claim-specific. It asks “whether the
6
plaintiff is a proper party to bring a private antitrust action.”
Associated Gen. Contractor of Cal., Inc. v. Cal. State Council
of Carpenters, 459 U.S. 519, 535 n.31 (1983) (citing Daniel
Berger & Roger Bernstein, An Analytical Framework for
Antitrust Standing, 86 YALE L.J. 809, 813 n.11 (1977); Earl E.
Pollock, Standing to Sue, Remoteness of Injury, and the
Passing-On Doctrine, 32 ANTITRUST L.J. 5, 6–7 (1966)). We
will discuss each in turn.
A.
Plaintiffs’ injuries are clearly pleaded in the Complaint;
they allege their exclusion from the debates caused them to lose
access to television audiences and resulting campaign
contributions worth hundreds of millions of dollars. This
injury—though shared with many individuals who may have
wished to campaign for the presidency but did not join Mitt
Romney and Barack Obama on the debate stage—is
nonetheless particularized. See FEC v. Akins, 524 U.S. 11, 23–
25 (1998); see also Akins v. FEC, 101 F.3d 731, 736 (D.C. Cir.
1996) (en banc). 1 Each excluded individual was uniquely
1
Plaintiffs have adopted a litigation strategy attributing their
exclusion to the fifteen percent requirement—presumably reducing
the number of similarly-situated persons to those who had obtained
a mathematical possibility of victory in the electoral college. But see
Philip Bump, So You Want an Independent Candidate for President?
You’re Running Out of Time., WASH. POST (May 5, 2016),
https://tinyurl.com/Bump-Article (“To collect [the requisite]
signatures [to achieve a mathematical possibility of winning the
electoral college], you need one of two things: a lot of organization
or a lot of money. . . . [The cost] varies by state, but if we look at
the upper end of that [price] range, we’re talking about a $5.5 million
investment to get on the ballot in all 50 states.”). Of course,
counsel’s particular litigation strategy—the way they choose to
characterize the effect of the alleged injury—hardly controls our
analysis on this point.
7
rejected from the debates, and security would no doubt have
stopped them each individually had they attempted to take the
stage.
Things become far more complicated, however, when we
consider whether “a favorable decision” of this Court may
“redress[]” Plaintiffs’ injury. Lujan, 504 U.S. at 561.
Plaintiffs’ requested relief—whether stated in the form of a
request for injunctive relief or damages—amounts to a request
for a declaratory judgment stating the Commission is not
entitled to exclude particular individuals from its debates. On
this point, we must agree with this Court’s opinion in Perot v.
Federal Election Commission: “[I]f this [C]ourt were to enjoin
the [Commission] from staging the debates or from choosing
debate participants, there would be a substantial argument that
the [C]ourt would itself violate the [Commission’s] First
Amendment rights.” 97 F.3d at 559.
Acknowledging this shortcoming hardly determines the
merits of Plaintiffs’ claims, Concurring Op. 3; it assumes them
and reflects on the permissibility of the resulting remedy. The
district court’s opinion put all parties on notice of the
redressability problem. See Johnson, 202 F. Supp. 3d at 172–
73 (citing Perot, 97 F.3d at 559; Sistrunk v. City of Strongsville,
99 F.3d 194, 199–200 (6th Cir. 1996)). Yet Plaintiffs failed to
address the point. In so doing, they leave us with, at least, grave
doubt as to the constitutionality of any order issued by this
Court aimed to redress Plaintiffs’ injury.
B.
i.
In such circumstances, and where a statutory jurisdiction
could determine the result, the doctrine of constitutional
avoidance permits us to resolve this case on alternative
8
grounds, namely antitrust standing. See 13B CHARLES A.
WRIGHT, ARTHUR R. MILLER & EDWARD H. COOPER, FEDERAL
PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE § 3531.15, p.338 (3d ed. 2014) (“If
both constitutional and prudential objections are raised to
standing . . . it is entirely appropriate to deny standing on
prudential grounds if that course is easier, or more clearly right,
than to rule on constitutional grounds first.”); see also Kowalski
v. Tesmer, 543 U.S. 125, 129 & n.2 (2004) (assuming plaintiffs
satisfied Article III standing and deciding the case on
prudential third-party standing grounds).
This Court has acknowledged its “jurisdiction does not
turn on antitrust standing.” In re Lorazepam & Clorazepate
Antitrust Litig., 289 F.3d 98, 107–08 (D.C. Cir. 2002) (citing
Associated Gen. Contractors of California, Inc., 459 U.S. at
535 n.31 (“[T]he focus of the doctrine of ‘antitrust standing’ is
somewhat different from that of standing as a constitutional
doctrine.”)). The concurrence, therefore, suggests we cannot
“sidestep” the Article III standing inquiry to resolve this case
on antitrust standing grounds. Concurring Op. 1. But
proceeding directly to clearly-dispositive, non-jurisdictional,
prudential standing analysis is a permissible—even
preferable—course in rare cases where jurisdictional, Article
III standing inquiry yields grave constitutional doubt. See, e.g.,
Hazardous Waste Treatment Council v. Thomas, 885 F.2d 918,
921 n.2 (D.C. Cir. 1989) (“The dissent suggests that our
analysis of standing must proceed from constitutional to
prudential requirements. Although that is the oft-stated
sequence, the rule of avoidance counsels nonetheless that,
where the prudential question is clearly dispositive, we should
not reach out to determine the constitutional issue.”
(citing Water Transp. Ass’n v. ICC, 819 F.2d 1189, 1194 (D.C.
Cir. 1987); Calumet Indust., Inc. v. Brock, 807 F.2d 225, 228
(D.C. Cir. 1986); Pub. Citizen v. Lockheed Aircraft Corp., 565
F.2d 708, 714 (D.C. Cir. 1977)); see also Steel Co. v. Citizens
9
for a Better Env’t, 523 U.S. 83, 97 n.2 (1998) (accepting the
proposition that “a statutory standing question can be given
priority over an Article III question”). This more flexible
approach is especially important in cases like this one, where
“constitutional and antitrust standing overlap”—cases “where
the plaintiff has not shown any injury caused by the antitrust
violation.” IIA PHILIP E. AREEDA, ET AL., ANTITRUST LAW
¶ 335a, p. 77 n.7 (4th ed. 2014).
ii.
As relevant here, antitrust standing requires a plaintiff to
show an actual or threatened injury “of the type the antitrust
laws were intended to prevent” that was caused by the
defendant’s alleged wrongdoing. Andrx Pharm., Inc., 256 F.3d
at 812; see also Cargill, Inc. v. Monfort of Colo., Inc., 479 U.S.
104, 109–13 (1986) (discussing antitrust standing and the
necessity of “antitrust injury” in suits under the Clayton Act).
To understand the scope of antitrust standing, we focus on
the bedrock principle of this field: antitrust laws protect market
(i.e. economic) competition. Brunswick Corp. v. Pueblo Bowl-
O-Mat, Inc., 429 U.S. 477, 488 (1977). Plaintiffs, however,
define their injuries as millions of dollars in free media,
campaign donations, and federal matching funds—injuries to
them as individual candidates in a political contest for votes.
Square peg, meet round hole.
As an initial matter, this Court has clearly held injury to a
single competitor does not suffice to constitute an injury to
competition. See Dial A Car, Inc. v. Transp., Inc., 82 F.3d 484,
486–87 (D.C. Cir. 1996). Further, and most important, “neither
the business of conducting the government nor the holding of
a political office constitutes ‘trade or commerce’ within the
meaning of the Sherman Act.” Sheppard v. Lee, 929 F.2d 496,
498 (9th Cir. 1991). This conclusion—that an antitrust
10
violation must involve injury to commercial competition—is
supported by Plaintiffs’ inability to define a commercial market
in which they operate. Instead, they discuss the “presidential
campaign market,” “the electoral politics market,” and the
“presidential candidates market,” Compl. ¶¶ 1, 11, JA 15, 18,
and identify their product as “information about themselves or
other presidential candidates,” Blue Br. 23. While these terms
may capture what political scientists call a “political
economy,” the phrase is merely a term of art. Short of alleging
Americans are engaged in a widespread practice of selling their
votes—which the Complaint does not do—the “market”
Plaintiffs identify is no more regulated by the antitrust laws
than the “marketplace of ideas” or a “meet market.”
The injuries Plaintiffs claim are simply not those
contemplated by the antitrust laws. Consequently, Plaintiffs’
antitrust claims fail to meet the requirements of antitrust
standing.
III.
Finally, we turn to Plaintiffs’ First Amendment claim.
Perhaps in an effort to tack around unfavorable case law, the
Complaint states the Commission’s debates “exert a de facto
influence on the outcome of presidential elections” such that
exclusion from the debate, “in light of proven political realities,
guaranteed [Plaintiffs] to lose.” Compl. ¶¶ 110–11, JA 54.
Plaintiffs therefore allege the fifteen percent polling criterion,
“selected by Defendants with the specific intent of suppressing
the viewpoints of third party or independent presidential
candidates and to boost the political speech of the two major
party nominees,” constitutes an “unreasonable burden on free
speech or political association in violation of the First
Amendment.” Compl. ¶¶ 119–20, JA 56; see also id. ¶ 130, JA
57 (alleging the fifteen percent requirement “imposes a burden
11
on voting and associational rights in violation of the First
Amendment”); see generally Ark. Educ. Television Comm’n v.
Forbes, 523 U.S. 666 (1998).
None of these allegations articulate a clear legal claim, let
alone identify a cognizable injury. To make matters worse, the
Complaint omits entirely any allegation of government action,
focusing entirely on the actions of the nonprofit Defendants.
See, e.g., Rendell-Baker v. Kohn, 457 U.S. 830, 837–43 (1982)
(discussing the state action requirement).
In Steel Co. v. Citizens for a Better Environment, the
Supreme Court observed that, in some “extraordinary” cases,
federal courts may pretermit the jurisdictional threshold and
dismiss a claim that is “so insubstantial, implausible,
foreclosed by prior decisions of [the Supreme] Court, or
otherwise completely devoid of merit as not to involve a federal
controversy.” 523 U.S. at 89. The First Amendment claim
here fits the bill. Under these circumstances, it would be
improper—and indeed impossible—for the Court to conduct a
meaningful standing analysis. There may be First Amendment
injuries we could invent for Plaintiffs, but those claims were
not presented in the Complaint. See Warth v. Seldin, 422 U.S.
490, 509–10 (1975) (examining the face of the complaint to
determine whether a plaintiff has established Article III
standing).
IV.
For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the district
court is affirmed.
So ordered.
PILLARD, Circuit Judge, concurring in Part I and
concurring in the judgment:
I join Part I of the majority opinion. I write separately as
to Parts II and III because, although I entirely agree that both
the antitrust and First Amendment claims fail, we are a court of
limited jurisdiction obligated to decide the Article III standing
question before assessing the merits of the claims.
DaimlerChrysler Corp. v. Cuno, 547 U.S. 332, 340-42 (2006);
Friends of the Earth, Inc. v. Laidlaw Envt’l Servs., Inc., 528
U.S. 167, 180 (2000). Despite its misleading name, “statutory
standing” is not jurisdictional in the Article III sense, as the
Supreme Court made clear in Lexmark Int’l, Inc. v. Static
Control Components, Inc., 134 S. Ct. 1377, 1387 & n.4 (2014).
See also Associated General Contractors of Cal., Inc. v. Cal.
State Council of Carpenters, 459 U.S. 519, 528 & nn.17-18,
545-46 (1983) (dismissing case for lack of antitrust injury only
after assuming the complaint stated a valid antitrust claim). We
thus cannot sidestep the Article III standing inquiry and dismiss
instead on statutory “antitrust standing” grounds. “It is firmly
established in our cases that the absence of a valid (as opposed
to arguable) cause of action does not implicate subject-matter
jurisdiction, i.e., the courts’ statutory or constitutional power
to adjudicate the case.” Steel Co. v. Citizens for a Better Env’t,
523 U.S. 83, 89 (1998). Because I would dismiss both claims
under Rule 12(b)(6) only after determining Article III standing,
I concur in the judgment.
The majority’s exertions to avoid addressing Article III
standing in the ordinary course are puzzling, given that
plaintiffs’ standing appears to be straightforward under the
classic injury-causation-redressability formulation. See Lujan
v. Defs. of Wildlife, 504 U.S. 555, 560-61 (1992). The majority
does not dispute that the plaintiffs (“Johnson and Stein”)
identify concrete and particularized injury from having been
excluded from the 2012 presidential and vice-presidential
debates. Maj. Op. at 6 (acknowledging that Johnson and
2
Stein’s “injuries are clearly pleaded in the Complaint” and are
“particularized”). The court stops short of holding that Johnson
and Stein’s injury is fairly traceable to the defendants’ actions,
however, see id. at 8 (suggesting they have “not shown any
injury caused by the antitrust violation”), and also denies that,
in the (admittedly unlikely) event that they were to succeed on
the merits of their claims, plaintiffs’ injuries would be
redressable.
Plaintiffs’ allegations satisfy the latter two standing
inquiries as readily as they do the first. Johnson and Stein
allege that the challenged 15 per cent polled-support
requirement was the direct cause of their injury. Had the MOU
not imposed that 15 per cent threshold, they would have
qualified to participate. See Compl. ¶ 83, J.A. 48. Those
allegations suffice at the pleading stage to state causation. See
Attias v. CareFirst, Inc., No. 16-7108, slip op. at 15 (D.C. Cir.
Aug. 1, 2017) (“Article III standing does not require that the
defendant be the most immediate cause, or even a proximate
cause, of the plaintiffs’ injuries; it requires only that those
injuries be ‘fairly traceable’ to the defendant.”). And the
redressability of Johnson and Stein’s alleged injury flows from
their theory of causation. If they were to prevail, the court
could award compensation for the injuries their exclusion
caused. See Sprint Commc’ns Co. v. APCC Servs., Inc., 554
U.S. 269, 286-87 (2008); see also Cardenas v. Smith, 733 F.2d
909, 914 (D.C. Cir. 1984) (“A damage claim, by definition,
presents a means to redress an injury.”); Renal Physicians
Ass’n v. U.S. Dep’t of Health and Human Servs., 489 F.3d
1267, 1276 (D.C. Cir. 2007) (“[A]t the pleading stage, a party
must make factual allegations showing that the relief it seeks
will be likely to redress its injury.”).
It is that last element of standing—redressability—that the
majority cannot swallow, as it anticipates that any court-
3
ordered relief would violate the Commission’s First
Amendment rights. Maj. Op. at 7. I assume the court is correct
on that point. See Hurley v. Irish-American Gay, Lesbian and
Bisexual Group of Boston, Inc., 515 U.S. 557, 573-74 (1995);
Miami Herald Publishing Co. v. Tornillo, 418 U.S. 241, 258
(1974). I disagree only with treating the merits of a First
Amendment defense not yet in issue as an obstacle to standing.
The majority cites a passing suggestion in Perot v. FEC that, if
the court were to enjoin presidential debates or the Commission
on Presidential Debates’ (CPD’s) choice of participants, “there
would be a substantial argument that the court would itself
violate the CPD’s First Amendment rights.” 97 F.3d 553, 559
(D.C. Cir. 1996). Again, I assume as much. But we did not
identify the First Amendment as an obstacle to standing in
Perot—nor, for example, did the Supreme Court in Hurley or
Tornillo.
A standing inquiry, especially at the motion-to-dismiss
stage, should not anticipate the merits—neither of the claim
nor, especially, of a potential defense. A conclusion that
appellants’ claims cannot be redressed because of a potential
First Amendment obstacle would be impermissibly “deciding
the merits under the guise of determining the plaintiff[s’]
standing.” Information Handling Servs., Inc. v. Defense
Automated Printing Servs., 338 F.3d 1024, 1030 (D.C. Cir.
2003); see Warth v. Seldin, 422 U.S. 490, 500 (1975)
(observing that “standing in no way depends on the merits of
the plaintiff’s contention that particular conduct is illegal”); In
re Navy Chaplaincy, 534 F.3d 756, 760 (D.C. Cir. 2008) (“In
reviewing the standing question, we must be ‘careful not to
decide the questions on the merits for or against the plaintiff,
and must therefore assume that on the merits the plaintiffs
would be successful in their claims.’”). Redressability, like any
other aspect of jurisdiction, “is not defeated . . . by the
possibility that the averments might fail to state a cause of
4
action on which petitioners could actually recover.” Bell v.
Hood, 327 U.S. 678, 682 (1946). The majority explains its
order of operations by invoking pre-Lexmark cases for
dismissal on statutory standing grounds “in rare cases where
[the] jurisdictional, Article III standing inquiry yields grave
constitutional doubt.” Maj. Op. at 8. But, as noted above, the
First Amendment concern is not even part of the Article III
standing inquiry; Johnson and Stein’s standing itself raises no
grave or doubtful constitutional question. I would therefore
hold that Plaintiffs have Article III standing to bring their
antitrust claims before I would dismiss them on their merits.
The majority dismisses the complaint on antitrust standing
grounds because plaintiffs do not allege injury to competition,
but rather identify harms to themselves that are “simply not
those contemplated by the antitrust laws.” Maj. Op. at 10. I
agree that the antitrust claim fatally fails to tie the major party
candidates’ alleged collusion to any anticompetitive harm to an
identified commercial market or market participant. The
complaint does not articulate a theory under which trade or
commerce has been restrained by the MOU. It therefore falls
outside the ambit of antitrust regulation, the aim of which is to
promote economic competition. See I PHILLIP E. AREEDA ET
AL., ANTITRUST LAW ¶ 100a at 3-4 (4th ed. 2014); cf. United
States v. Topco Assocs., Inc., 405 U.S. 596, 610 (1972)
(“Antitrust laws in general, and the Sherman Act in particular,
are the Magna Carta of free enterprise.”); N. Pac. Ry. Co. v.
United States, 356 U.S. 1, 4 (1958) (describing Sherman Act as
“comprehensive charter of economic liberty”).
The complaint refers to various “markets,” but the defining
competitive dynamic of the activities it so labels is political. It
alleges, for instance, collusion in the “presidential debates
market,” the “presidential campaign market,” the “electoral
politics market,” and the “presidential candidates market.”
5
Compl. ¶¶ 1, 11, J.A. 15, 18. That flaw is not repaired by the
complaint’s allegations of various ways in which U.S.
presidential campaigns involve a lot of money. The televised
debates are expensive to stage, generate revenues for venues
and their host localities, and can boost the fundraising of
successful participants. See id. ¶¶ 35-41, J.A. 29-33. But “the
antitrust laws should not regulate political activities ‘simply
because those activities have a commercial impact.’” Allied
Tube & Conduit Corp. v. Indian Head, Inc., 486 U.S. 492, 507
(1988) (quoting Eastern R.R. Presidents Conf. v. Noerr Motor
Freight, Inc., 365 U.S. 127, 141 (1961)). Nor is antitrust
scrutiny triggered every time someone in an activity that
involves or affects commerce contends that others have agreed
to act in a way that fails equally to enhance the claimant’s
access to money. Not every joint business venture is an
antitrust violation. See Associated Press v. United States, 326
U.S. 1, 23 (1945) (Douglas, J., concurring). To be actionable,
an agreement must unduly restrain or monopolize trade or
commerce. See Standard Oil Co. v. United States, 221 U.S. 1,
59-62 (1911).
The majority and I agree that the complaint fails for want
of any connection between the major party candidates’ alleged
collusion in planning and restricting their joint debates and
anticompetitive harm to an identified commercial market. But
I disagree that the deficiency is only one of antitrust standing.
Because the claim would equally be deficient if the plaintiff
were the government, which need not prove statutory standing,
I would affirm the dismissal as a failure to state a cognizable
violation rather than as a statutory standing shortfall. See
AREEDA, ANTITRUST LAW ¶ 335f at 91.
Part III of the opinion, dismissing Johnson and Stein’s
First Amendment challenge to their exclusion, also puts the
merits cart before the Article III standing horse. I would
6
dismiss this claim, too, for failure to state a claim rather than
for want of standing. The constitutional allegations plainly fail
the established “state action” requirement. “It is fundamental
that the First Amendment prohibits governmental infringement
on the right of free speech.” Rendell-Baker v. Kohn, 457 U.S.
830, 837 (1982) (emphasis added). Moreover, a candidate
debate is a forum that, even if run by a public entity, could still
be nonpublic and impose reasonable, viewpoint-neutral access
restrictions without running afoul of the First Amendment. See
Arkansas Educ. Tel. Comm’n v. Forbes, 523 U.S. 666, 677-78
(1998).
Both of plaintiffs’ claims lack merit. Before so deciding,
however, we must determine whether plaintiffs have standing.
To do so, we must take the allegations of the complaint as true
and assume the validity of the plaintiffs’ legal theory. Mendoza
v. Perez, 754 F.3d 1002, 1010 (D.C. Cir. 2014) (citing Holistic
Candlers and Consumers Ass’n v. FDA, 664 F.3d 940, 943
(D.C. Cir. 2012)). Under those requisite assumptions (however
ultimately unavailing the claims might be), plaintiffs here have
standing to sue. I join Part I but, because this case presents no
reason to “pretermit the jurisdictional threshold,” Maj. Op. at
11, I concur only in the judgment.
|
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As specified in the sRIO 2.0 standard, a packet switch may be implemented such that an output port of the packet switch has a bandwidth reservation precision. The bandwidth reservation precision specifies the number of bandwidth reservation precision bits used in allocating a portion of an output bandwidth of an output port to a virtual channel of the output port. As also specified in the sRIO 2.0 standard, the bandwidth reservation precision may range from eight to sixteen bits and is determined by a bandwidth reservation precision value stored in a read-only register. Accordingly, the bandwidth reservation precision of an output port is implementation dependent and may not be modified. Further, in some packet-based communication systems, the bandwidth reservation precision range as specified in the sRIO 2.0 standard does not provide a desired precision for allocating a portion of the output bandwidth of an output port to a virtual channel.
In light of the above, a need exists for an improved system and method of routing data packets through a packet switch by using virtual channels. |
In music a rondo is a piece of music which has one main theme, which is heard several times, and other musical ideas in between each time. If we give the main theme a label "A" and the other musical ideas "B", "C", "D" etc. then the form of a rondo can be described as ABACADA. The sections in between the main "A" section are called "episodes". Rondos can vary in length, e.g. a rondo might be ABACADAEAFA. Each episode is normally in a different key from the main key.
The word "rondo" is sometimes given the French spelling: rondeau.
Composers from the Baroque period onwards often write movements which are in rondo form. In the Classical music period the last movement of a symphony or sonata is very often a rondo. Rondos are normally fast and lively. They are a good way of finishing a long piece of music with something that is happy.
The word "rondo" is related to the word "ritornello" meaning: something that keeps returning.
Rondo form is sometimes combined with sonata form to make something which is called "sonata rondo form". In sonata rondo form the second tune is treated like the second subject in sonata form where it comes back in the main key the second time.
Musical forms |
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Although the administrators and moderators of AFA Forums will attempt to keep all objectionable messages off this forum, it is impossible for us to review all messages. All messages express the views of the author, and neither the owners of AFA Forums, nor Jelsoft Enterprises Ltd. (developers of vBulletin) will be held responsible for the content of any message.
By agreeing to these rules, you warrant that you will not post any messages that are hateful, threatening, bigoted, abusive or otherwise violative of any laws. |
Prerov () is a city in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It is the capital of the Prerov District.
The city is about southeast of Olomouc and has about 42,000 inhabitants.
Twin towns - sister cities
Prerov is twinned with:
Bardejov, Slovakia
Cuijk, Netherlands
Decin, Czech Republic
Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
Kedzierzyn-Kozle, Poland
Kotor, Montenegro
Ozimek, Poland |
1. Introduction {#s0005}
===============
Nanomaterials represent an important class of functional materials due to their extraordinary physicochemical properties. These properties have been extensively utilized for several technological and biomedical purposes including, in the fabrication of various nano-devices, biosensors, bio implants etc ([@b0065], [@b0055], [@b0015], [@b0040], [@b0195]). Particularly, the recent advancements in the field of nanotechnology have led to the development of a variety of new nano-structured materials with desired design and properties ([@b0085], [@b0075], [@b0220]). Despite tremendous progress in the design and preparation of various nanomaterials for different applications, several challenges exist in many fields including, biomedical sector. For instance, the efficient production of nano drugs with customized size, shape and other physicochemical properties is highly desirable to develop important new types of drugs for various life threatening diseases ([@b0085], [@b0075], [@b0220]). In other cases, the recent surge in the spreading of different types strain resistant bacteria and fungi requires the development of several new kinds of nanoparticle based antibacterial and antifungal materials. Therefore, the advancement in the design of latest nanomaterials and the development of new techniques for the preparation of nanoparticles to be utilized in the fabrication of efficient nano devices is highly imminent.
Among various nanomaterials, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have gained considerable attention of scientists and biologists, due to their remarkable physicochemical and biological properties ([@b0150]). These properties have led to their wide applications in various fields, including, energy sector, and electronics, sensing and health care ([@b0205], [@b0140]). Predominantly, the outstanding antimicrobial properties of Ag NPs have led to the development of a wide variety of nanosilver products, such as, nanosilver-coated wound dressings, contraceptive devices, surgical instruments, and implants ([@b0025], [@b0095], [@b0185]). Ag NPs have been prepared by using various physical and chemical methods based on the accessibility and feasibility of protocols to attain the required applications ([@b0210], [@b0230]) The physical methods include, ball milling, flame pyrolysis, electric arc discharge, laser ablation etc ([@b0105]), which often require expensive instruments, high temperature and pressure ([@b0250]). Whereas, the chemical methods, involve the concepts of wet chemistry ([@b0190]). In this process, the formation of NPs is carried out via the reduction/decomposition of metal complexes in solutions using various chemical reductants, such as sodium borohydride, hydrazine or at elevated temperatures ([@b0240], [@b0245]) Moreover, to achieve stable dispersions of Ag NPs to make them compatible for various applications, different types of additional stabilizers are often required to prevent aggregation ([@b0170]). Although, these methods have been extensively applied but the reactants, reductants, stabilizers and various organic solvents used in these methods are toxic and potentially hazardous for the environment ([@b0080]).
Therefore, considering the extensive biological applications of Ag NPs, the development of facile approaches for their preparation under ambient conditions using non-toxic reagents and solvents is highly desirable ([@b0160]). So far, considerable progress has been made in the preparation of Ag NPs under physiological and eco-friendly conditions, and several green methods have been developed in this regard ([@b0100]). These methods include electrochemical, microwave, sonochemical, supercritical liquids, ionic liquids etc ([@b0120], [@b0255]). Recently, great interest has been generated toward various biological systems for inspiration and using biomolecules as a tool for the synthesis of functional nanomaterials. Therefore, the trend of applying biomaterials, such as, microorganisms, marine organisms, proteins and plant extracts in the green synthesis of Ag NPs has gained enormous popularity in the scientific community ([@b0020], [@b0225]). Among these methods, the utilization of different microorganisms in the preparation of Ag NPs has gained significant attention. The microorganisms not only facilitate the synthesis of the Ag NPs by acting as reducing agents, but also functionalize the surface of NPs ([@b0035]). These multifunctional microorganisms greatly reduce the number of steps in the reaction and also eliminate the use of external stabilizers. Therefore, several unicellular and multicellular microorganisms, including bacteria and different genera of fungi, have been successfully tested for the preparation of Ag NPs. For instance, in different studies, *Pseudomonas stutzeri* AG256 from Ag mines and *Lactobacillus* found in buttermilk have been applied for the preparation of Ag NPs ([@b0135], [@b0180]).
Apart from the bacterial mediated synthesis, various eukaryotic organisms, such as, different types of fungal based approaches have been found to be more popular for the preparation of Ag NPs, since, these organisms are easy to handle, secrete more enzymes and usually grow on simple media. Till date, several pathogenic fungi such as *Aspergillus fumigatus* ([@b0045]), *A. terreus* ([@b0145]) and the bioagent fungi like *Trichoderma harzianum* ([@b0010]), and *Trichoderma viride* ([@b0060]) have been successfully used for the synthesis of Ag NPs. In another study, the biosynthesis of Ag NPs by the thermophilic fungus *Humicola* sp. is reported ([@b0235]). The fungus reduces Ag^+^ ions and leads to the formation of spherical shaped, stable extracellular Ag NPs. Detailed analysis of the sample has suggested that various proteins, which were secreted by the fungus were mainly responsible for the formation and stabilization of NPs.
In this study, *Curvularia pallescens*, isolated from cereal is used for the synthesis of Ag NPs. *Curvularia* is a relatively large genus of fungi belonging to some of the most common saprophytes or phytopathogenic organisms ([@b0090]). Currently, there are ∼133 species of *Curvularia*, which occurs mostly in tropical and subtropical areas ([@b0155]). Several species of *Curvularia* are commonly isolated from soil, air, organic matter, plants and animals, including humans. Apart from this a number of fungi belonging to the species *Curvularia* are also identified as rice pathogens, including *Curvularia pallescens* ([@b0030]). The phytopathogenic fungus *Curvularia pallescens* consists of several alkaloids and proteins, such as curvupallides A, B and C, which possess an unusual α,β-unsaturated ene-amide γ-lactam, which might have played a vital role in the reduction of Ag^+^ ions ([@b0005], [@b0175], [@b0070]).
Apart from the useful applications of fungus in the preparation of various nanomaterials, different fungal strains are also responsible for a variety of problems. Among the many funguses known, *Cladosporium fulvum* is a biotrophic fungal pathogen that causes serious diseases in different plants ([@b0115]). *Cladosporium* is a relatively large genus of fungi belonging to some of the most common indoor and outdoor molds. Several species of *Cladosporium*, including fungi, are commonly found on plants (both living and dead plants), and produces olive-green to brown or black colonies ([@b0115]). The genus *Cladosporium* contained around 800 plant-pathogenic and saprotrophic species, which are often highly osmotolerant, and grow easily on common media. Among various species of *Cladosporium*, *Cladosporium fulvum* which causes leaf mold of tomato is an important genetic model, which facilitated the understanding of the genetics of host resistance ([@b0200]). The fungus causes serious economic losses to commercially grown tomato produced in open field, high tunnels and greenhouses in all the worlds ([@b0200]).
Herein, we report on the green synthesis of Ag NPs via the reduction of Ag ions using the fungus *Curvularia pallescens*, which is isolated from cereal. ([Scheme 1](#f0025){ref-type="fig"}) The as-prepared Ag NPs were characterized using various microscopic and analytical techniques including X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet--visible absorption (UV-vis) spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, the antifungal activity of the as-prepared Ag NPs was tested against *Cladosporium fulvum* which causes several serious plant diseases, including tomato leaf mold infection.Scheme 1Schematic illustration of the bioengineered silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using *Curvularia pallescens* and their activity (*in vitro*) against *Cladosporum fulvum* which is usually found on tomato leaf mold.
2. Materials and methods {#s0010}
========================
The organisms used for the green synthesis was *Cladosporum fulvum*, which was isolated from tomato leaves dropped untimely. Colonies grown on potato sucrose agar as described in [@b0110]. While, the fungus *Curvularia pallescens* was obtained from Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia. Chemicals were purchased from various firms such as Alfa Aesar, Sigma Aldrich etc...
2.1. Nanoparticles biosynthesis {#s0015}
-------------------------------
The biosynthesis of Ag NPs was performed using freshly grown *C. pallescens*. For this purpose, *C. pallescens* was grown in the liquid medium (KH2PO4 7.0 g; K2HPO4 2.0 g; MgSO4.7H2O 0.1 g; (NH4)2SO4 1.0 g; glucose 10.0 g and yeast extract 0.6 g). Initially, the Erlenmeyer flask was inoculated with *C. pallescens*, and incubated on an incubator shaker at 27 °C and at 150 rpm. The fungus biomass was collected after 7 days by filtering with Whatman filter paper No. 1. Subsequently, the fungus biomass was rinsed three times with distilled water to separate any component of culture medium. Twenty gram mycelial mats were blended with 100 mL of sterilized distilled water for 48 h at 27 °C in the flasks and agitated at 150 rpm. After 48 h, the fungus cell filtrate was detached from the biomass through Whatman filter paper No. 1. In order to prepare the Ag NPs using freshly isolated fungus, 50 mL of silver nitrate (1 mM) was mixed with 50 mL of culture filtrate in a 250-mL flask. The cell filtrate without AgNO~3~ served as control.
2.2. Characterizations of NPs {#s0020}
-----------------------------
Optical absorption measurements were performed using UV Shimadzu 3101 PC spectrophotometer. The incident photon flux was normal to the surface, and the investigated wave-length range was 300--900 nm. Surface morphology examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM) (EDX, JEOL model JSM-6380). EDS combined with SEM used to quantify the compositional analysis of nanoparticle. The formation of nanoparticles was confirmed using TEM (JEOL-1010). X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed on X Pert Pro diffractometer by using Cu Kα radiation at 40 kV and 40 mA. The scans were typically performed over a 2α range from 10° to 85° at a speed of 0.02/s, with an aperture slit, an anti-scatter slit, and a receiving slit of 2 mm, 6 mm, and 0.2 mm, respectively. X-rays Cu-Kα wavelength was (1.54056 Å).
2.3. Antifungal activity of Ag NPs against Cladosporum fulvum {#s0025}
-------------------------------------------------------------
The antifungal activity of Ag NPs against *Cladosporum fulvum* (Syn. *Fulvia fulva*) causing tomato leaf mold was studied on Potato dextrose agar (PDA). The Ag NP solutions were added to Erlenmeyer flasks at 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150 and 200 ppm and autoclaved. Flasks were poured into Petri plates. The Petri plates containing Ag NPs were incubated at 25 ± 2 °C. After 2 days, disks from mycelial (3 mm) were taken from the edge of 7-day-old fungal cultures, put in the center of each plate containing Ag NPs, plates without Ag^+^ served as control. The petri dishes incubated at 28 ± 2 °C for 5 days. The inhibition zones in radial growth were measured after 5 days according to this formula$$\text{Inhibition}\mspace{6mu}\text{Zone} = \frac{\text{R} - r}{\text{R}} \times 100$$where R is the radial growth of fungal mycelia on the control and r the mycelial growth of fungal mycelia on the plate treated with Ag NPs.
3. Results and discussion {#s0030}
=========================
3.1. Characterization {#s0035}
---------------------
### 3.1.1. Optical absorption measurements {#s0040}
*C. pallescens* fungal extract was used for the biosynthesis of Ag NPs under facile conditions. It was observed that on the addition of fungal extract into the aqueous solution of AgNO~3~, the color of the solution gradually changed from light yellow to dark brown, indicating the formation of Ag NPs. Under a similar set of conditions, no change in the color of AgNO~3~ solution was observed even after several hours. The formation of the as-prepared Ag NPs was initially monitored by UV--vis analysis. Typically, Ag NPs exhibit absorption under a visible range of 380--450 nm, depending on the shape and size of the NPs. The UV--vis spectrometry is a spectroscopic technique involving the use of light in the visible, near ultra-violet and near infrared regions to cause electronic transitions in the target material. The absorption spectrum of metal NPs is sensitive to several factors, including particle size, shape, and particle--particle interaction (agglomeration) with the medium. Therefore, the aqueous bioreduction of Ag^+^ ions can be effectively monitored by a UV--vis spectrophotometer. Optical absorption of Ag NPs is illustrated in [Fig. 1](#f0005){ref-type="fig"}, which clearly demonstrated the appearance of absorption peak at 415 nm. Generally, a broad peak at a higher wavelength indicates an increase in particle size, whereas a narrow line at a shorter wavelength represents smaller particle size.Figure 1Ultraviolet--visible (UV--vis) absorption spectra of the corresponding solution depicting the formation of Ag NPs.
In the case of *Pulicaria glutinosa* plant extract mediated biosynthesis of Ag NPs reported in our previous study ([@b0125]), the absorption peaks appeared in the range of 420--460 nm (depending on the concentration of plant extract), where Ag NPs with a particle size between 20 and 60 nm were obtained. However, in this case, the narrow absorption peak at lower wavelength (415 nm) clearly demonstrated the smaller size of NPs in the range of 10--25 nm, which is also confirmed by TEM analysis.
### 3.1.2. Transmission electron microscope {#s0045}
The as-prepared nanoparticles were subjected to transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to understand the morphology of Ag NPs formed and the particle size distribution graph is illustrated in [Fig. 2](#f0010){ref-type="fig"}. From the micrograph obtained ([Fig.2](#f0010){ref-type="fig"}A) it can be clearly observed that the Ag NPs obtained are spherical in nature and are well-dispersed, with meager agglomerations. In order to obtain the mean particle size the images obtained were analyzed using image processing software ImageJ. The values obtained were plotted as a histogram and it was found that the mean particle size of the Ag NPs obtained was found to be 16.74 ± 0.62 nm it is clear that the variation of particle size from 3 to 13 nm, good gaussian variation is obtained as shown as in [Fig.2](#f0010){ref-type="fig"}B.Figure 2(A) TEM image of the biosynthesized Ag NPs obtained by using *C. pallescens* (B) Particle size distribution graph of the nanoparticles obtained.
### 3.1.3. Energy dispersive spectrometry {#s0050}
The sample was subjected to EDS in order to ascertain the presence of elemental Ag in the sample. Measurement of energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) of Ag NPs is illustrated in [Fig. 3](#f0015){ref-type="fig"}. From the spectrum obtained it can be concluded that the silver nanoparticles are formed and the mass % obtained is ∼20% from all samples.Figure 3Energy dispersive X-ray spectrum (EDX) of as-synthesized Ag NPs confirming the composition of product.
### 3.1.4. X-ray analysis {#s0055}
X-ray diffraction studies of green synthesized Ag NPs were carried out to ascertain the presence of crystalline Ag NPs and to correlate the data obtained with data from the crystallographic database. The XRD spectrum is illustrated in [Fig. 4](#f0020){ref-type="fig"}. As shown in the figure there are four distinct reflections in the diffractogram at 2θ 37.9469 (1 1 1), 44.1015 (2 0 0), 64.1373 (2 2 0), 77.0091 (3 1 1). These characteristic reflections can be indexed to the face centered cubic (fcc) structure of Ag (PDF File No. 040783, space group: Fm3 m). The intense reflection at (1 1 1), in comparison with the other three, may indicate the preferred growth direction of the nanocrystals ([@b0130]). On the basis of the half width of the (1 1 1) reflection, the average crystallite size (∼20 nm) of the Ag NPs was determined using the Scherrer equation ([@b0215]).Figure 4XRD patterns of the silver nanoparticles obtained.
The observed and calculated lattice parameters, unit cell volume, and space group for PDF File No. 040783, and differences between them are compiled in [Table 1](#t0005){ref-type="table"}. [Table 2](#t0010){ref-type="table"} depicts the observed and calculated crystallographic data as well as the Miller indices (*h k l*), where d --spacing is the inter-planar spacing, and 2θ is the diffraction angle.Table 1Observed and calculated lattice parameters, unit cell volume, and space group for PDF file No. 040783.*aBcαβγVolumeSpace Group*Ag NPs4.1074.1074.10790909069.277Fm3 mPDF4.0864.0864.08690909068.23Fm3 mTable 2Observed and calculated crystallographic data as well as the Miller indices.*hkl2θ Calc.2θ Obs.*Difference*d. Obs.d. Calc.*11137.500037.9469−0.44692.39842.371220043.720044.1015−0.38152.07062.053522064.040064.1373−0.09731.45401.452131177.120077.00910.11091.23681.2383
The Average grain size (D) for nano particles was calculated using the following equations:$$0.9\lambda/\beta\mathit{\cos}\theta$$where β is the full--width at half--maximum of peaks, λ is the X-ray wavelength, and  is the diffraction angle.
3.2. Biological Evaluation of Ag NPs {#s0060}
------------------------------------
### 3.2.1. Antifungal activity {#s0065}
The inhibition effect of Ag NPs at various concentrations was analyzed in PDA ([Table 3](#t0015){ref-type="table"}). The higher suppression of *C. fulvum* growth was recorded at 200 ppm concentration. The lowest level of reduction was noticed against *C. fulvum* on PDA treated with a 50 ppm concentration of Ag NPs. It was observed that increased inhibition by increasing the concentration of silver nanoparticles. This high antimicrobial activity of Ag NPs could be related to the high intensity at which the solution was able to saturate and adhere to hyphe of fungi and to disrupt phytopathogenic fungi. Studies on the inhibitory action mechanism of Ag^+^ on microorganisms have shown that onto treatment with silver ions, DNA collapse its capability to replicate ([@b0050]), which inactivated expression of ribosomal subunit proteins, in addition to some other enzymes and cellular proteins essential to adenosine triphosphate production ([@b0085]). As it has been the assumption that Ag^+^ affects primarily the function of membrane-associated enzymes, such as those found in the respiratory chain ([@b0165]). Therefore, it was concluded that silver nanoparticles have significant antifungal activity, and further examination for field applications is needed.Table 3Effect of Ag NPs against Cladosporum fulvum.050 ppm100 ppm150 ppm200 ppmED~50~ED~95~Slope ± SER.G.[a](#tblfn1){ref-type="table-fn"}Inh.%[b](#tblfn2){ref-type="table-fn"}R.G.[a](#tblfn1){ref-type="table-fn"}Inh.% [b](#tblfn2){ref-type="table-fn"}R.G.[a](#tblfn1){ref-type="table-fn"}Inh.% [b](#tblfn2){ref-type="table-fn"}R.G.[a](#tblfn1){ref-type="table-fn"}Inh.% [b](#tblfn2){ref-type="table-fn"}0.0065.0027.7851.7542.5049.7544.7239.0055.56164.34782.61.12 ± 6.2[^1][^2]
4. Conclusion {#s0070}
=============
We have demonstrated a green approach for the synthesis of Ag NPs using fungal strain *Curvularia pallescens* as a bioreductant. Applying this methodology yielded highly crystalline, spherical-shaped Ag NPs without the usage of any harmful reducing or capping agents. The as prepared Ag NPs were characterized and confirmed using the spectroscopic as well as microscopic techniques. These Ag NPs were evaluated for their fungicidal activity against *Cladosporum fulvum* and were found to display excellent activity against the fungal strain tested. These encouraging results can easily be exploited for the large-scale synthesis of efficient and low-cost Ag NPs and can be tested for various applications such as catalysts and biomedical applications including, biosensors.
The authors would like to extend their sincere appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for its funding this Research group No (RG-1436-009).
Peer review under responsibility of King Saud University.
[^1]: R.G. = Radial growth.
[^2]: Inh.% = Inhibition%.
|
The Field is a 1990 Irish drama movie directed by Jim Sheridan and was based on the 1965 play of the same name by John B. Keane. It stars Richard Harris (in his Oscar nominated role), John Hurt, Sean Bean, Frances Tomelty, Brenda Fricker, Brendan Gleeson, Malachy McCourt, Tom Berenger. |
Q:
Excel Dropdown List: Set neighboring Cell based on value selected for first cell
I have a column set to 'Data Validation', 'List', 'In-Cell Dropdown'. This is referencing a source on another sheet. Basically, I'm pulling our Active Directory use list and OUs into a second sheet in the workbook. The 'Users' column in the main 'Combinded' sheet is a drop down list with a source of =Users!$A$2:$A$130.
When a user is selected in the User Column (say, 'Combined'!E2) and a record is selected from the other sheet, say, 'Users'!A2, I would like 'Combined'!F2 to then equal 'Users'!B2 without having to perform any additional action. Is that possible?
I am using Excel 2013 and have the 'Power Query' module installed if that helps any!
A:
@DMM's comment to use VLOOKUP() was exactly what I was looking for!
|
Southminster is a town and civil parish in Maldon district, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 4021 people living in Southminster. |
A son-in-law of former chief justice of Pakistan (CJP) Iftikhar Chaudhry has been arrested from Dubai in a case regarding the multi-billion Eden Housing Society scam, in what Information Minister Fawad Chaudhry described as a "breakthrough" on Wednesday.
The minister termed the arrest of Murtaza Amjad by the Federal Investigation Agency in UAE as a "major success" in the government's campaign for accountability. The warrants for his arrest were issued by the National Accountability Bureau (NAB).
He claimed that former CJP Chaudhry had made the "shocking" decision by hearing a case regarding the housing scheme himself, and later gave "relief" to its owners because they were the in-laws of his daughter.
The minister said others accused of allegedly cheating people who had invested their money in the Eden Housing Society included Iftikhar Chaudhry's son, Arsalan Iftikhar, his daughter and the father-in-law of his daughter.
See: The challenge of accountability in ‘Naya Pakistan’
Some concrete development regarding the arrest of the other accused is expected to emerge today, Fawad added.
He said Prime Minister Imran Khan has sought a report regarding arrests in the case within 24 hours.
The affectees of the Eden Housing Society had on Sunday held a demonstration outside the Lahore residence of Prime Minister Khan, urging him to help them recover their hard-earned money allegedly looted by the group that launched the housing scheme.
The protesters demanded that the PTI government bring Eden Housing group owner Dr Amjad and others back from Canada and recover the looted money from them or ensure the group completed the project and handed them over the houses and plots promised to them.
There are at least 10,000 affectees of the group. Dr Amjad and his two sons had managed to flee the country in April last and travel to Canada as the interior ministry did not put their names on the the Exit Control List despite a request by NAB.
NAB has estimated the property seized from the Eden group to be worth up to Rs20bn. The bureau has claimed that it would compensate the affectees soon.
In June, the Pakistan Tehreek-i-Insaf (PTI) had written a letter to NAB Chairman retired Justice Javed Iqbal, asking him to launch an investigation against ex-CJP Chaudhry and his family for allegedly receiving benefits in the scam of the failed Eden Housing Society.
Taking to Dawn at the time, Fawad had claimed that Chaudhry’s daughter got married to the son of Eden Housing Society's owner at a time when her father as the chief justice of the country was hearing a case regarding alleged irregularities in the housing scheme.
He had claimed that after the marriage, the names of the housing scheme’s owners had been removed from ECL and they later left the country. |
Loranze is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region of Piedmont.
Settlements in Piedmont |
Q:
How to create boolean value from an environmental variable in Spring Integration configuration file?
Based on How to open/close Spring Integration channel based on environmental variable? I have the auto-startup condition based on the environmental variable sd:
<int:chain auto-startup="#{environment.getProperty('sd', true)}">
With the above specification sd can be either true or false otherwise the condition does not work. What if I want to do startup only if sd equals for example “connect”.
A:
The auto-startup is a boolean option on the background anyway, so you have no choice unless return the boolean or true/false string from that SpEL.
BTW, 1, 0, on, off work well, too - StringToBooleanConverter.
So, you should just improve your SpEL a bit:
<int:chain auto-startup="#{environment.getProperty('sd', 'connect') == 'connect'}">
|
Terminal illness is a term used to describe an illness which cannot be cured and will almost definitely end in the death of the patient. The term is mostly used for progressive diseases such as cancer or advanced heart disease. Someone who has a terminal illness may be described as a terminal patient or as being terminally ill. Usually a patient is called "terminally ill" when they are not expected to live more than 6 months. Medical conditions such as AIDS are not called terminal illnesses because the patient may live for many years before eventually dying of the illness.
Very often, terminally ill patients are given palliative care to give them a better quality of life. Sometimes, they go to a hospice to be looked after. |
Tower of Terror in DCA before it was changed to Guardians. Candid moment taken by the ride!
When you have a sensitive child, the world can seem like one giant danger zone. I honestly never know what is going to set off a fear for one of my kids and I’m often hyper aware going into situations that I think may trigger something. It’s the Happiest Place on Earth, what could be so bad?
This really does come down to the individual child. As it happens, I have the most sensitive two in our gaggle of kids. There are different sensitivities. One of my children is more sensitive to scary content and the other doesn’t like the sense of loss of control. It can be tricky to navigate and I’m sure you will figure out what works best for your sensitive child. Here’s what we have learned over the years.
First is that there are some rides that are more “thrilling”. I was never prone to motion sickness, but I was frightened of fast/twisty rides, and the thought of going upside down terrified me. We just came home from Disneyland (kids aged 7 &10), and that was something both of my kids were worried about. This only applies to the Incredicoaster in Disney’s California Adventure Park. My daughter was nervous about it, but really wanted to try it, so she just decided she could handle it. My son (7) was a little more apprehensive. We told him we wanted him to try it once and if he didn’t like it, he didn’t have to do it again. He was still really nervous, but agreed to try it (with the bribe of a galaxy churro). And he LOVED it! We were in a group where everyone could ride, so we wanted him to try it so our party could all stay together. It still took a bit of convincing to get him back on the second and third time, but each time his confidence grew, and now he is so proud of himself for conquering his fear! What it comes down to is knowing your child. I found that watching the rides helped. Seeing what was going to happen made it less scary for me. I like to know, and not be surprised. Many rides do not give you this luxury, which for some is the exciting part!
The biggest thing I’m sensitive to is scary things. So rides like Indiana Jones were my breaking point. For years, I refused to go on it, and instead went with my Grandma (aka my “Disneyland buddy”) on the Jungle Cruise. The best thing about Disney is that by every big or scary ride, there is a gentler ride.
First time on Indiana Jones. They were scared but not screaming. Know their limits.
I was behind a parent and a girl about 7 years old in the Indiana Jones ride, and she was scared in the lineup. The dad asked me several times if I thought she would be okay, and I said I wouldn’t force it if she doesn’t like the line, because the ride is more intense than the lineup. He forced her on it and she spent the entire ride hysterically crying which not only ruined the ride for the two of them, but also the whole group of us that waited a long time to go on the ride. It was really upsetting for me as a mom to hear someone that upset!
I remember going on Indiana Jones for the very first time when I was 8. I have never had a problem going on crazy roller coasters, but the very first part of the ride terrified me. Like, we are talking the first ten seconds. Barely on the ride. Of course, I was in the front. I rode the rest of the ride gripping the bar in front of me for dear life and squeezing my eyes shut as hard as I could. I would have been 11 on that trip, and I can vividly remember the look of terror on Elisia’s face and her white knuckles holding on for dear life with her head down. I disembarked and looked at the excited faces of my family only to burst into tears because I was so scared. It took me until our next trip four years later to get the courage to go on the ride again, and even then I didn’t have my eyes open until the very last time.
This is Haunted Mansion Holiday (you can tell by the pumpkins on the roof). It is a less scary version of the Haunted Mansion.
One of the other rides we don’t do over and over (unless it’s Christmas time, when they make it wonderfully magical) is the Haunted Mansion. I know Walt’s original vision for the ride was a family version of a scary haunted house… and we’ve taken our girls each year on it, and tried to distract them in a good way in each area with silly things instead of scary things. I do love that you get to sit in air conditioning, and it’s a nice break. But the beginning can be quite scary. The first bit deals with all of my very real fears, like things at doors and shadows. Once we get through that it can be fun, but definitely plan to have some type of distraction ready if you or your kid aren’t able to handle it!
Don’t forget that with all of the rides, there’s always an “out” before it’s too late. If you get to the beginning of the Haunted Mansion and your kid is really upset, tell a staff you don’t want to go on the rest of the ride.The beginning has you walk into a large elevator with a group of about 30 people. There is a ghost host that comes onto the speakers and gives a short but spooky story that ends in a shriek and a skeleton hanging from the roof. Fun for some kids but scary for others. Cast Members are incredibly understanding, so if you would still like to experience the ride, they should let you wait to the side with the party member who doesn’t want to ride. Once the rest of your party disembarks, they should let you and another party member get on the ride, while the non-rider joins the rest of the party.
You have a sensitive child so you figure, let’s head straight to Fantasyland, surely that is the safest place to start. You can be certain that Dumbo, Peter Pan, the Mad Tea Party, Alice in Wonderland, and King Arthur’s Carousel are safe, but there are some to watch out for! Neighbors of ours went to Disneyland for the first time with their 3 girls and the first ride that they went on was Snow White’s Scary Adventures. As the title says, it is indeed scary. It doesn’t end in a “happily ever after” like you would expect. The 2 yr old was so scared on that ride that for the rest of the day she cried before getting on any other rides in the park!
brave faces
I always find my kids are so proud when they conquer a fear
Sometimes all that’s needed is some maturity. Every time we go my kids are more and more brave to try new rides that they were previously afraid of. We talk about things ahead of time a lot. With YouTube, they can see a lot of things to get a feel for what they will experience. Our personal convo with our girls is that it’s all pretend. Not everyone would choose to say that, but it helps our girls.
I promise… she liked it!
This moment is forever ingrained in my mind. The whole way through the line up, Ava said she wanted to go on the rockets. I continued to check in with her and she kept assuring me that she wanted to try it. It wasn’t until the rockets started MOVING that she decided she didn’t want to do it. I felt like the worst parent in the world. She ended up LOVING it. Sometimes just walking them through their fear and assuring them that they are safe does the trick.
BigThunder Mountain Railroad (If you sit near the front of the train it’s a lot better for first timers; you can request this even if you’re put near the back. There is a part on the final climb where there is an “explosion” going on around you, so it is very loud.)
Matterhorn Bobsleds (Hello, Yeti! aka there are several strobe lights featuring an animatronic Yeti, as well as projections showing a Yeti following you.)
Haunted Mansion (Unless it’s Christmas time.)
Pirates of the Caribbean (We have taken every kid, every age. There are two little drops in the dark, and the cannons can be scary. We don’t tell the kids that ahead of time… but if it’s your first time, it’s good to know! The drops are after the very beginning of the ride, once you sail through the bayou and see the talking skull above the archway.)
Radiator Springs Racers (Can be a little intense for kids under 5. We took a 3 year old last year and he wouldn’t go back on it. We think the main factor is when you’re that small you can’t see as well so it affects the enjoyment.)
Guardians of the Galaxy – Mission: BREAKOUT! (Less intense than the Tower of Terror was but still not for everyone. If you don’t like the feeling of being dropped, that is really all this ride is; and it’s fantastic!)
Grizzly River Run (Big drops, although the kids all find this mostly delightful! Possibility of getting very wet. Pro tip: you can bring ponchos from the dollar store!)
Goofy’s Sky School (This one terrifies me… and I like extreme rides! Think “wild mouse” style coaster with a larger car. A lot of kids in our group really enjoy this one. The men typically do not however, due to the… um… placement and pressure of the security bars, if you know what I mean! 😉 )
Pixar Pal-A-Round (There are two options so pay attention to which one you go on… one side is fixed carts and one side is swinging carts… and you can have littles on that one, yikes! The swinging side is enjoyed by few. It’s like a ferris wheel on crack, because you have a track that you move along. I’m pretty sure I am the only person who actually likes this one. If you’re a thrill seeker, it’s fun and hilarious to watch everyone else freak out around you. The non-swinging is perfect for babes and scaredy-cats alike.)
Incredicoaster (This one is the most intense of all the rides in both parks. It is a fast roller coaster with one loop that goes upside down, and several drops.)
Guardians of the Galaxy
Incredicoaster
Also, be aware of the shows. Some can get pretty intense. In Fantasmic!, when the villains start to band together it’s a good time to distract your child if they might have an issue with this until after Mickey is triumphant. We reminded our son that the good guys always win. Here’s a shot of him once the Pirate Ghost Ship showed up:
He stayed like this for the rest of the show. There is also an intense fire-breathing dragon, but despite needing to be extra close to his dad, our son looooved it.
Even with all of this to say, at the end of the day you know your child best. While some may not have issues with these things, other may struggle. In order for everyone to enjoy the Happiest Place on Earth it just takes a little bit of planning and forethought! Don’t worry. You got this! |
Meurce is a commune. It is in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in west France.
Communes in Sarthe |
Q:
Deploying Python app on cPanel via CGI - SuExec & 500 error
I have the following CGI script which launches a Flask web application. However all I get is a 500 Internal Server Error
#!/home/xxx/public_html/cgi-bin/venv/bin/python
import site
site.addsitedir("/home/xxx/public_html/cgi-bin/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages")
from wsgiref.handlers import CGIHandler
from app import app
CGIHandler().run(app)
I get the following errors in Apache's error_log:
[Fri Jan 27 09:53:18.052981 2017] [cgi:error] [pid 20660] [client aa.bb.cc.dd:58331] AH01215: suexec policy violation: see suexec log for more details: /home/xxx/public_html/cgi-bin/app.cgi, referer: http://xxx.io/
[Fri Jan 27 09:53:18.053176 2017] [cgi:error] [pid 20660] [client aa.bb.cc.dd:58331] End of script output before headers: app.cgi, referer: http://xxx.io/
And the following error in suexec_log:
[2017-01-27 09:53:18]: uid: (522/xxx) gid: (534/xxx) cmd: app.cgi
[2017-01-27 09:53:18]: (2)No such file or directory: exec failed (app.cgi)
All the files should be in all the right places. Not sure how to proceed with debugging. If it helps, I do have root access to this server.
A:
Two problems:
The .cgi file contained Windows line endings
Solved by :set ff=unix in Vim
The python interpreter in my virtualenv was not set as executable
Once I solved those, it works like a charm!
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