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<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'Cannon Hashes :' [/INST] [Cannon:S-MAL, Hashes:O, ::O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: '61a1f3b4fb4dbd2877c91e81db4b1af8395547eab199bf920e9dd11a1127221e .' [/INST] [61a1f3b4fb4dbd2877c91e81db4b1af8395547eab199bf920e9dd11a1127221e:S-SHA2, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'Cannon email Accounts :' [/INST] [Cannon:S-MAL, email:S-TOOL, Accounts:O, ::O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'sahro.bella7@post.cz trala.cosh2@post.cz bishtr.cam47@post.cz lobrek.chizh@post.cz cervot.woprov@post.cz .' [/INST] [sahro.bella7@post.cz:S-EMAIL, trala.cosh2@post.cz:S-EMAIL, bishtr.cam47@post.cz:S-EMAIL, lobrek.chizh@post.cz:S-EMAIL, cervot.woprov@post.cz:S-EMAIL, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'THE DUKES 7 YEARS OF RUSSIAN CYBERESPIONAGE .' [/INST] [THE:O, DUKES:S-APT, 7:O, YEARS:O, OF:O, RUSSIAN:O, CYBERESPIONAGE:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'The Dukes are a well-resourced , highly dedicated and organized cyberespionage group that we believe has been working for the Russian Federation since at least 2008 to collect intelligence in support of foreign and security policy decision-making .' [/INST] [The:O, Dukes:S-APT, are:O, a:O, well-resourced:O, ,:O, highly:O, dedicated:O, and:O, organized:O, cyberespionage:O, group:O, that:O, we:O, believe:O, has:O, been:O, working:O, for:O, the:O, Russian:O, Federation:O, since:O, at:O, least:O, 2008:S-TIME, to:O, collect:O, intelligence:O, in:O, support:O, of:O, foreign:O, and:O, security:O, policy:O, decision-making:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'The Dukes primarily target Western governments and related organizations , such as government ministries and agencies , political think tanks , and governmental subcontractors .' [/INST] [The:O, Dukes:S-APT, primarily:O, target:O, Western:O, governments:O, and:O, related:O, organizations:O, ,:O, such:O, as:O, government:O, ministries:O, and:O, agencies:O, ,:O, political:O, think:O, tanks:O, ,:O, and:O, governmental:O, subcontractors:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'Their targets have also included the governments of members of the Commonwealth of Independent States ; Asian , African , and Middle Eastern governments ; organizations associated with Chechen extremism ; and Russian speakers engaged in the illicit trade of controlled substances and drugs .' [/INST] [Their:O, targets:O, have:O, also:O, included:O, the:O, governments:O, of:O, members:O, of:O, the:O, Commonwealth:B-IDTY, of:I-IDTY, Independent:I-IDTY, States:E-IDTY, ;:O, Asian:O, ,:O, African:O, ,:O, and:O, Middle:O, Eastern:O, governments:O, ;:O, organizations:O, associated:O, with:O, Chechen:O, extremism:O, ;:O, and:O, Russian:O, speakers:O, engaged:O, in:O, the:O, illicit:O, trade:O, of:O, controlled:O, substances:O, and:O, drugs:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'The Dukes are known to employ a vast arsenal of malware toolsets , which we identify as MiniDuke , CosmicDuke , OnionDuke , CozyDuke , CloudDuke , SeaDuke , HammerDuke , PinchDuke , and GeminiDuke .' [/INST] [The:O, Dukes:S-APT, are:O, known:O, to:O, employ:O, a:O, vast:O, arsenal:O, of:O, malware:O, toolsets:O, ,:O, which:O, we:O, identify:O, as:O, MiniDuke:S-MAL, ,:O, CosmicDuke:S-MAL, ,:O, OnionDuke:S-MAL, ,:O, CozyDuke:S-MAL, ,:O, CloudDuke:S-MAL, ,:O, SeaDuke:S-MAL, ,:O, HammerDuke:S-MAL, ,:O, PinchDuke:S-MAL, ,:O, and:O, GeminiDuke:S-MAL, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'In recent years , the Dukes have engaged in apparently biannual large-scale spear-phishing campaigns against hundreds or even thousands of recipients associated with governmental institutions and affiliated organizations .' [/INST] [In:O, recent:O, years:O, ,:O, the:O, Dukes:S-APT, have:O, engaged:O, in:O, apparently:O, biannual:O, large-scale:O, spear-phishing:S-ACT, campaigns:O, against:O, hundreds:O, or:O, even:O, thousands:O, of:O, recipients:O, associated:O, with:O, governmental:O, institutions:O, and:O, affiliated:O, organizations:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'The earliest activity we have been able to definitively attribute to the Dukes are two PinchDuke campaigns from November 2008 .' [/INST] [The:O, earliest:O, activity:O, we:O, have:O, been:O, able:O, to:O, definitively:O, attribute:O, to:O, the:O, Dukes:S-APT, are:O, two:O, PinchDuke:S-MAL, campaigns:O, from:O, November:B-TIME, 2008:E-TIME, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'These campaigns use PinchDuke samples that were , according to their compilation timestamps , created on the 5th and 12th of November 2008 .' [/INST] [These:O, campaigns:O, use:O, PinchDuke:S-MAL, samples:O, that:O, were:O, ,:O, according:O, to:O, their:O, compilation:O, timestamps:O, ,:O, created:O, on:O, the:O, 5th:B-TIME, and:I-TIME, 12th:I-TIME, of:I-TIME, November:I-TIME, 2008:E-TIME, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'The campaign identifiers found in these two samples are respectively , “ alkavkaz.com20081105 ” and “ cihaderi.net20081112 ” .' [/INST] [The:O, campaign:O, identifiers:O, found:O, in:O, these:O, two:O, samples:O, are:O, respectively:O, ,:O, “:O, alkavkaz.com20081105:S-ACT, ”:O, and:O, “:O, cihaderi.net20081112:S-ACT, ”:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'The first campaign identifier , found in the sample compiled on the 5th , references alkavkaz.com , a domain associated with a Turkish website proclaiming to be the “ Chechan [sic] Informational Center ” .' [/INST] [The:O, first:O, campaign:O, identifier:O, ,:O, found:O, in:O, the:O, sample:O, compiled:O, on:O, the:O, 5th:S-TIME, ,:O, references:O, alkavkaz.com:S-DOM, ,:O, a:O, domain:O, associated:O, with:O, a:O, Turkish:O, website:O, proclaiming:O, to:O, be:O, the:O, “:O, Chechan:S-LOC, [sic]:O, Informational:O, Center:O, ”:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'The second campaign identifier , from the sample compiled on the 12th , references cihaderi.net , another Turkish website that claims to provide “ news from the jihad world ” and which dedicates a section of its site to Chechnya .' [/INST] [The:O, second:O, campaign:O, identifier:O, ,:O, from:O, the:O, sample:O, compiled:O, on:O, the:O, 12th:S-TIME, ,:O, references:O, cihaderi.net:S-DOM, ,:O, another:O, Turkish:O, website:O, that:O, claims:O, to:O, provide:O, “:O, news:O, from:O, the:O, jihad:O, world:O, ”:O, and:O, which:O, dedicates:O, a:O, section:O, of:O, its:O, site:O, to:O, Chechnya:S-LOC, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'Due to a lack of other PinchDuke samples from 2008 or earlier , we are unable to estimate when the Duke operation originally began .' [/INST] [Due:O, to:O, a:O, lack:O, of:O, other:O, PinchDuke:S-MAL, samples:O, from:O, 2008:S-TIME, or:O, earlier:O, ,:O, we:O, are:O, unable:O, to:O, estimate:O, when:O, the:O, Duke:S-APT, operation:O, originally:O, began:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'Based on our technical analysis of the known PinchDuke samples from 2008 however , we believe PinchDuke to have been under development by the summer of 2008 .' [/INST] [Based:O, on:O, our:O, technical:O, analysis:O, of:O, the:O, known:O, PinchDuke:S-MAL, samples:O, from:O, 2008:S-TIME, however:O, ,:O, we:O, believe:O, PinchDuke:S-MAL, to:O, have:O, been:O, under:O, development:O, by:O, the:O, summer:B-TIME, of:I-TIME, 2008:E-TIME, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'In fact , we believe that by the autumn of 2008 , the Dukes were already developing not one but at least two distinct malware toolsets .' [/INST] [In:O, fact:O, ,:O, we:O, believe:O, that:O, by:O, the:O, autumn:O, of:O, 2008:O, ,:O, the:O, Dukes:O, were:O, already:O, developing:O, not:O, one:O, but:O, at:O, least:O, two:O, distinct:O, malware:O, toolsets:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'This assertion is based on the oldest currently known sample of another Duke related toolset , GeminiDuke , which was compiled on the 26th of January 2009 .' [/INST] [This:O, assertion:O, is:O, based:O, on:O, the:O, oldest:O, currently:O, known:O, sample:O, of:O, another:O, Duke:S-APT, related:O, toolset:O, ,:O, GeminiDuke:S-MAL, ,:O, which:O, was:O, compiled:O, on:O, the:O, 26th:B-TIME, of:I-TIME, January:I-TIME, 2009:E-TIME, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'This sample , like the early PinchDuke samples , appears to already be a “ fully-grown ” sample , which is why we believe GeminiDuke was under development by the autumn of 2008 .' [/INST] [This:O, sample:O, ,:O, like:O, the:O, early:O, PinchDuke:S-MAL, samples:O, ,:O, appears:O, to:O, already:O, be:O, a:O, “:O, fully-grown:O, ”:O, sample:O, ,:O, which:O, is:O, why:O, we:O, believe:O, GeminiDuke:S-MAL, was:O, under:O, development:O, by:O, the:O, autumn:B-TIME, of:I-TIME, 2008:E-TIME, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'That the Dukes were already developing and operating at least two distinct malware toolsets by the second half of 2008 suggests to us that either the size of their cyberespionage operation was already large enough to warrant such an arsenal of tools , or that they expected their operation to grow significantly enough in the foreseeable future to warrant the development of such an arsenal .' [/INST] [That:O, the:O, Dukes:S-APT, were:O, already:O, developing:O, and:O, operating:O, at:O, least:O, two:O, distinct:O, malware:O, toolsets:O, by:O, the:O, second:B-TIME, half:I-TIME, of:I-TIME, 2008:E-TIME, suggests:O, to:O, us:O, that:O, either:O, the:O, size:O, of:O, their:O, cyberespionage:O, operation:O, was:O, already:O, large:O, enough:O, to:O, warrant:O, such:O, an:O, arsenal:O, of:O, tools:O, ,:O, or:O, that:O, they:O, expected:O, their:O, operation:O, to:O, grow:O, significantly:O, enough:O, in:O, the:O, foreseeable:O, future:O, to:O, warrant:O, the:O, development:O, of:O, such:O, an:O, arsenal:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'The origins of the Duke toolset names can be traced back to when researchers at Kaspersky Labs coined the term “ MiniDuke ” to identify the first Duke related malware they found .' [/INST] [The:O, origins:O, of:O, the:O, Duke:S-APT, toolset:O, names:O, can:O, be:O, traced:O, back:O, to:O, when:O, researchers:O, at:O, Kaspersky:B-SECTEAM, Labs:E-SECTEAM, coined:O, the:O, term:O, “:O, MiniDuke:S-MAL, ”:O, to:O, identify:O, the:O, first:O, Duke:S-APT, related:O, malware:O, they:O, found:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'As explained in their whitepaper , the researchers observed the surprisingly small MiniDuke backdoor being spread via the same exploit that was being used by a malware that they had already named ItaDuke ; the “ Duke ” part of this malware ’s name had in turn come about because it reminded the researchers of the notable Duqu threat .' [/INST] [As:O, explained:O, in:O, their:O, whitepaper:O, ,:O, the:O, researchers:O, observed:O, the:O, surprisingly:O, small:O, MiniDuke:B-MAL, backdoor:E-MAL, being:O, spread:O, via:O, the:O, same:O, exploit:O, that:O, was:O, being:O, used:O, by:O, a:O, malware:O, that:O, they:O, had:O, already:O, named:O, ItaDuke:S-MAL, ;:O, the:O, “:O, Duke:S-APT, ”:O, part:O, of:O, this:O, malware:O, ’s:O, name:O, had:O, in:O, turn:O, come:O, about:O, because:O, it:O, reminded:O, the:O, researchers:O, of:O, the:O, notable:O, Duqu:S-MAL, threat:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'Despite the shared history of the name itself however , it is important to note that there is no reason to believe that the Duke toolsets themselves are in any way related to the ItaDuke malware , or to Duqu for that matter .' [/INST] [Despite:O, the:O, shared:O, history:O, of:O, the:O, name:O, itself:O, however:O, ,:O, it:O, is:O, important:O, to:O, note:O, that:O, there:O, is:O, no:O, reason:O, to:O, believe:O, that:O, the:O, Duke:S-APT, toolsets:O, themselves:O, are:O, in:O, any:O, way:O, related:O, to:O, the:O, ItaDuke:S-MAL, malware:O, ,:O, or:O, to:O, Duqu:S-MAL, for:O, that:O, matter:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'As researchers continued discovering new toolsets that were created and used by the same group that had been operating MiniDuke , the new toolsets were also given “ Duke ” -derived names , and thus the threat actor operating the toolsets started to be commonly referred to as “ the Dukes ” .' [/INST] [As:O, researchers:O, continued:O, discovering:O, new:O, toolsets:O, that:O, were:O, created:O, and:O, used:O, by:O, the:O, same:O, group:O, that:O, had:O, been:O, operating:O, MiniDuke:S-MAL, ,:O, the:O, new:O, toolsets:O, were:O, also:O, given:O, “:O, Duke:S-APT, ”:O, -derived:O, names:O, ,:O, and:O, thus:O, the:O, threat:O, actor:O, operating:O, the:O, toolsets:O, started:O, to:O, be:O, commonly:O, referred:O, to:O, as:O, “:O, the:O, Dukes:S-APT, ”:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'The only other publicly used name for the threat actor that we are aware of is “ APT29 ” .' [/INST] [The:O, only:O, other:O, publicly:O, used:O, name:O, for:O, the:O, threat:O, actor:O, that:O, we:O, are:O, aware:O, of:O, is:O, “:O, APT29:S-APT, ”:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'Based on the campaign identifiers found in PinchDuke samples discovered from 2009 , the targets of the Dukes group during that year included organizations such as the Ministry of Defense of Georgia and the ministries of foreign affairs of Turkey and Uganda .' [/INST] [Based:O, on:O, the:O, campaign:O, identifiers:O, found:O, in:O, PinchDuke:S-MAL, samples:O, discovered:O, from:O, 2009:S-TIME, ,:O, the:O, targets:O, of:O, the:O, Dukes:S-APT, group:O, during:O, that:O, year:O, included:O, organizations:O, such:O, as:O, the:O, Ministry:B-IDTY, of:I-IDTY, Defense:E-IDTY, of:O, Georgia:S-LOC, and:O, the:O, ministries:O, of:O, foreign:O, affairs:O, of:O, Turkey:S-LOC, and:O, Uganda:S-LOC, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'Campaign identifiers from 2009 also reveal that by that time , the Dukes were already actively interested in political matters related to the United States ( US ) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) , as they ran campaigns targeting ( among other organizations ) a US based foreign policy think tank , another set of campaigns related to a NATO exercise held in Europe , and a third set apparently targeting what was then known as the Georgian “ Information Centre on NATO ” .' [/INST] [Campaign:O, identifiers:O, from:O, 2009:S-TIME, also:O, reveal:O, that:O, by:O, that:O, time:O, ,:O, the:O, Dukes:S-APT, were:O, already:O, actively:O, interested:O, in:O, political:O, matters:O, related:O, to:O, the:O, United:B-LOC, States:E-LOC, (:O, US:S-LOC, ):O, and:O, the:O, North:B-IDTY, Atlantic:I-IDTY, Treaty:I-IDTY, Organization:E-IDTY, (:O, NATO:S-IDTY, ):O, ,:O, as:O, they:O, ran:O, campaigns:O, targeting:O, (:O, among:O, other:O, organizations:O, ):O, a:O, US:S-LOC, based:O, foreign:O, policy:O, think:O, tank:O, ,:O, another:O, set:O, of:O, campaigns:O, related:O, to:O, a:O, NATO:S-IDTY, exercise:O, held:O, in:O, Europe:S-LOC, ,:O, and:O, a:O, third:O, set:O, apparently:O, targeting:O, what:O, was:O, then:O, known:O, as:O, the:O, Georgian:S-LOC, “:O, Information:O, Centre:O, on:O, NATO:S-IDTY, ”:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'Of these campaigns , two clusters in particular stand out .' [/INST] [Of:O, these:O, campaigns:O, ,:O, two:O, clusters:O, in:O, particular:O, stand:O, out:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'The first is a set of campaigns from the 16th and 17th of April , 2009 , that targeted a US based foreign policy think tank , as well as government institutions in Poland and the Czech Republic .' [/INST] [The:O, first:O, is:O, a:O, set:O, of:O, campaigns:O, from:O, the:O, 16th:B-TIME, and:I-TIME, 17th:I-TIME, of:I-TIME, April:I-TIME, ,:I-TIME, 2009:E-TIME, ,:O, that:O, targeted:O, a:O, US:S-LOC, based:O, foreign:O, policy:O, think:O, tank:O, ,:O, as:O, well:O, as:O, government:O, institutions:O, in:O, Poland:S-LOC, and:O, the:O, Czech:B-LOC, Republic:E-LOC, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'These campaigns utilized specially-crafted malicious Microsoft Word documents and PDF files , which were sent as e-mail attachments to various personnel in an attempt to infiltrate the targeted organizations .' [/INST] [These:O, campaigns:O, utilized:O, specially-crafted:O, malicious:O, Microsoft:S-IDTY, Word:S-TOOL, documents:O, and:O, PDF:S-TOOL, files:O, ,:O, which:O, were:O, sent:O, as:O, e-mail:S-TOOL, attachments:O, to:O, various:O, personnel:O, in:O, an:O, attempt:O, to:O, infiltrate:O, the:O, targeted:O, organizations:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'We believe this cluster of campaigns had a joint goal of gathering intelligence on the sentiments of the targeted 5 countries with respect to the plans being discussed at the time for the US to locate their “ European Interceptor Site ” missile defense base in Poland , with a related radar station that was intended to be located in the Czech Republic .' [/INST] [We:O, believe:O, this:O, cluster:O, of:O, campaigns:O, had:O, a:O, joint:O, goal:O, of:O, gathering:O, intelligence:O, on:O, the:O, sentiments:O, of:O, the:O, targeted:O, 5:O, countries:O, with:O, respect:O, to:O, the:O, plans:O, being:O, discussed:O, at:O, the:O, time:O, for:O, the:O, US:S-LOC, to:O, locate:O, their:O, “:O, European:O, Interceptor:O, Site:O, ”:O, missile:O, defense:O, base:O, in:O, Poland:S-LOC, ,:O, with:O, a:O, related:O, radar:O, station:O, that:O, was:O, intended:O, to:O, be:O, located:O, in:O, the:O, Czech:B-LOC, Republic:E-LOC, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'Regarding the timing of these campaigns , it is curious to note that they began only 11 days after President Barack Obama gave a speech on the 5th of April declaring his intention to proceed with the deployment of these missile defenses .' [/INST] [Regarding:O, the:O, timing:O, of:O, these:O, campaigns:O, ,:O, it:O, is:O, curious:O, to:O, note:O, that:O, they:O, began:O, only:O, 11:O, days:O, after:O, President:O, Barack:O, Obama:O, gave:O, a:O, speech:O, on:O, the:O, 5th:B-TIME, of:I-TIME, April:E-TIME, declaring:O, his:O, intention:O, to:O, proceed:O, with:O, the:O, deployment:O, of:O, these:O, missile:O, defenses:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'The second notable cluster comprises of two campaigns that were possibly aimed at gathering information on relations .' [/INST] [The:O, second:O, notable:O, cluster:O, comprises:O, of:O, two:O, campaigns:O, that:O, were:O, possibly:O, aimed:O, at:O, gathering:O, information:O, on:O, relations:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'The first of these runs used the campaign identifier “ natoinfo_ge ” , an apparent reference to the www.natoinfo.ge website belonging to a Georgian political body that has since been renamed “ Information Centre on NATO and EU ” .' [/INST] [The:O, first:O, of:O, these:O, runs:O, used:O, the:O, campaign:O, identifier:O, “:O, natoinfo_ge:S-ACT, ”:O, ,:O, an:O, apparent:O, reference:O, to:O, the:O, www.natoinfo.ge:S-DOM, website:O, belonging:O, to:O, a:O, Georgian:O, political:O, body:O, that:O, has:O, since:O, been:O, renamed:O, “:O, Information:O, Centre:O, on:O, NATO:S-IDTY, and:O, EU:S-LOC, ”:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'Although the campaign identifier itself doesn’t contain a date , we believe the campaign to have originated around the 7th of June 2009 , which was when the PinchDuke sample in question was compiled .' [/INST] [Although:O, the:O, campaign:O, identifier:O, itself:O, doesn’t:O, contain:O, a:O, date:O, ,:O, we:O, believe:O, the:O, campaign:O, to:O, have:O, originated:O, around:O, the:O, 7th:B-TIME, of:I-TIME, June:I-TIME, 2009:E-TIME, ,:O, which:O, was:O, when:O, the:O, PinchDuke:S-MAL, sample:O, in:O, question:O, was:O, compiled:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'This belief is based on the observation that in all of the other PinchDuke samples we have analyzed , the date of the campaign identifier has been within a day of the compilation date .' [/INST] [This:O, belief:O, is:O, based:O, on:O, the:O, observation:O, that:O, in:O, all:O, of:O, the:O, other:O, PinchDuke:S-MAL, samples:O, we:O, have:O, analyzed:O, ,:O, the:O, date:O, of:O, the:O, campaign:O, identifier:O, has:O, been:O, within:O, a:O, day:O, of:O, the:O, compilation:O, date:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'The second campaign identifier , which we suspect may be related , is “ mod_ge_2009_07_03 ” from a month later and apparently targeting the Ministry of Defense of Georgia .' [/INST] [The:O, second:O, campaign:O, identifier:O, ,:O, which:O, we:O, suspect:O, may:O, be:O, related:O, ,:O, is:O, “:O, mod_ge_2009_07_03:S-ACT, ”:O, from:O, a:O, month:O, later:O, and:O, apparently:O, targeting:O, the:O, Ministry:B-IDTY, of:I-IDTY, Defense:E-IDTY, of:O, Georgia:S-LOC, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'The spring of 2010 saw continued PinchDuke campaigns against Turkey and Georgia , but also numerous campaigns against other members of the Commonwealth of Independent States such as Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Azerbaijan and Uzbekistan .' [/INST] [The:O, spring:B-TIME, of:I-TIME, 2010:E-TIME, saw:O, continued:O, PinchDuke:S-MAL, campaigns:O, against:O, Turkey:S-LOC, and:O, Georgia:S-LOC, ,:O, but:O, also:O, numerous:O, campaigns:O, against:O, other:O, members:O, of:O, the:O, Commonwealth:B-LOC, of:I-LOC, Independent:I-LOC, States:E-LOC, such:O, as:O, Kazakhstan:S-LOC, ,:O, Kyrgyzstan:S-LOC, ,:O, Azerbaijan:S-LOC, and:O, Uzbekistan:S-LOC, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'Of these , the campaign with the identifier “ kaz_2010_07_30 ” , which possibly targeted Kazakhstan , is of note because it is the last PinchDuke campaign we have observed .' [/INST] [Of:O, these:O, ,:O, the:O, campaign:O, with:O, the:O, identifier:O, “:O, kaz_2010_07_30:S-ACT, ”:O, ,:O, which:O, possibly:O, targeted:O, Kazakhstan:S-LOC, ,:O, is:O, of:O, note:O, because:O, it:O, is:O, the:O, last:O, PinchDuke:S-MAL, campaign:O, we:O, have:O, observed:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'We believe that during the first half of 2010 , the Dukes slowly migrated from PinchDuke and started using a new infostealer malware toolset that we call CosmicDuke .' [/INST] [We:O, believe:O, that:O, during:O, the:O, first:B-TIME, half:I-TIME, of:I-TIME, 2010:E-TIME, ,:O, the:O, Dukes:S-APT, slowly:O, migrated:O, from:O, PinchDuke:S-MAL, and:O, started:O, using:O, a:O, new:O, infostealer:O, malware:O, toolset:O, that:O, we:O, call:O, CosmicDuke:S-MAL, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'The first known sample of the CosmicDuke toolset was compiled on the 16th of January 2010 .' [/INST] [The:O, first:O, known:O, sample:O, of:O, the:O, CosmicDuke:S-MAL, toolset:O, was:O, compiled:O, on:O, the:O, 16th:B-TIME, of:I-TIME, January:I-TIME, 2010:E-TIME, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'Back then , CosmicDuke still lacked most of the credential-stealing functionality found in later samples .' [/INST] [Back:O, then:O, ,:O, CosmicDuke:S-MAL, still:O, lacked:O, most:O, of:O, the:O, credential-stealing:O, functionality:O, found:O, in:O, later:O, samples:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'We believe that during the spring of 2010 , the credential and file stealing capabilities of PinchDuke were slowly ported to CosmicDuke , effectively making PinchDuke obsolete .' [/INST] [We:O, believe:O, that:O, during:O, the:O, spring:B-TIME, of:I-TIME, 2010:E-TIME, ,:O, the:O, credential:O, and:O, file:O, stealing:O, capabilities:O, of:O, PinchDuke:S-MAL, were:O, slowly:O, ported:O, to:O, CosmicDuke:S-MAL, ,:O, effectively:O, making:O, PinchDuke:S-MAL, obsolete:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'During this period of transition , CosmicDuke would often embed PinchDuke so that , upon execution , CosmicDuke would write to disk and execute PinchDuke .' [/INST] [During:O, this:O, period:O, of:O, transition:O, ,:O, CosmicDuke:S-MAL, would:O, often:O, embed:O, PinchDuke:S-MAL, so:O, that:O, ,:O, upon:O, execution:O, ,:O, CosmicDuke:S-MAL, would:O, write:O, to:O, disk:O, and:O, execute:O, PinchDuke:S-MAL, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'Both PinchDuke and CosmicDuke would then operate independently on the same compromised host , including performing separate information gathering , data Exfiltration and communication with a command and control ( C&C ) server - although both malware would often use the same C&C server .' [/INST] [Both:O, PinchDuke:S-MAL, and:O, CosmicDuke:S-MAL, would:O, then:O, operate:O, independently:O, on:O, the:O, same:O, compromised:O, host:O, ,:O, including:O, performing:O, separate:O, information:O, gathering:O, ,:O, data:O, Exfiltration:S-ACT, and:O, communication:O, with:O, a:O, command:B-TOOL, and:I-TOOL, control:E-TOOL, (:O, C&C:S-TOOL, ):O, server:O, -:O, although:O, both:O, malware:O, would:O, often:O, use:O, the:O, same:O, C&C:S-TOOL, server:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'We believe the purpose of this parallel use was to ‘ fieldtest ’ the new CosmicDuke tool , while at the same time ensuring operational success with the tried-and-tested PinchDuke .' [/INST] [We:O, believe:O, the:O, purpose:O, of:O, this:O, parallel:O, use:O, was:O, to:O, ‘:O, fieldtest:O, ’:O, the:O, new:O, CosmicDuke:S-MAL, tool:O, ,:O, while:O, at:O, the:O, same:O, time:O, ensuring:O, operational:O, success:O, with:O, the:O, tried-and-tested:O, PinchDuke:S-MAL, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'During this period of CosmicDuke testing and development , the Duke authors also started experimenting with the use of privilege escalation vulnerabilities .' [/INST] [During:O, this:O, period:O, of:O, CosmicDuke:S-MAL, testing:O, and:O, development:O, ,:O, the:O, Duke:S-APT, authors:O, also:O, started:O, experimenting:O, with:O, the:O, use:O, of:O, privilege:O, escalation:O, vulnerabilities:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'Specifically , on the 19th of January 2010 security researcher Tavis Ormandy disclosed a local privilege escalation vulnerability ( CVE-2010-0232 ) affecting Microsoft Windows .' [/INST] [Specifically:O, ,:O, on:O, the:O, 19th:B-TIME, of:I-TIME, January:I-TIME, 2010:E-TIME, security:O, researcher:O, Tavis:O, Ormandy:O, disclosed:O, a:O, local:O, privilege:O, escalation:O, vulnerability:O, (:O, CVE-2010-0232:S-VULID, ):O, affecting:O, Microsoft:S-IDTY, Windows:S-OS, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'As part of the disclosure , Ormandy also included the source code for a proof-of- concept exploit for the vulnerability .' [/INST] [As:O, part:O, of:O, the:O, disclosure:O, ,:O, Ormandy:O, also:O, included:O, the:O, source:O, code:O, for:O, a:O, proof-of-:O, concept:O, exploit:O, for:O, the:O, vulnerability:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'Just 7 days later , on the 26th of January , a component for CosmicDuke was compiled that exploited the vulnerability and allowed the tool to operate with higher privileges .' [/INST] [Just:O, 7:O, days:O, later:O, ,:O, on:O, the:O, 26th:B-TIME, of:I-TIME, January:E-TIME, ,:O, a:O, component:O, for:O, CosmicDuke:S-MAL, was:O, compiled:O, that:O, exploited:O, the:O, vulnerability:O, and:O, allowed:O, the:O, tool:O, to:O, operate:O, with:O, higher:O, privileges:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'During 2011 , the Dukes appear to have significantly expanded both their arsenal of malware toolsets and their C&C infrastructure .' [/INST] [During:O, 2011:S-TIME, ,:O, the:O, Dukes:S-APT, appear:O, to:O, have:O, significantly:O, expanded:O, both:O, their:O, arsenal:O, of:O, malware:O, toolsets:O, and:O, their:O, C&C:S-TOOL, infrastructure:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'While the Dukes employed both hacked websites and purposely rented servers for their C&C infrastructure , the group rarely registered their own domain names , preferring instead to connect to their self- operated servers via IP addresses .' [/INST] [While:O, the:O, Dukes:S-APT, employed:O, both:O, hacked:O, websites:O, and:O, purposely:O, rented:O, servers:O, for:O, their:O, C&C:S-TOOL, infrastructure:O, ,:O, the:O, group:O, rarely:O, registered:O, their:O, own:O, domain:O, names:O, ,:O, preferring:O, instead:O, to:O, connect:O, to:O, their:O, self-:O, operated:O, servers:O, via:O, IP:O, addresses:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'The beginning of 2011 however saw a significant break from that routine , when a large grouping of domain names was registered by the Dukes in two batches ; the first batch was registered on the 29th of January and the second on the 13th of February .' [/INST] [The:O, beginning:B-TIME, of:I-TIME, 2011:E-TIME, however:O, saw:O, a:O, significant:O, break:O, from:O, that:O, routine:O, ,:O, when:O, a:O, large:O, grouping:O, of:O, domain:O, names:O, was:O, registered:O, by:O, the:O, Dukes:S-APT, in:O, two:O, batches:O, ;:O, the:O, first:O, batch:O, was:O, registered:O, on:O, the:O, 29th:B-TIME, of:I-TIME, January:E-TIME, and:O, the:O, second:O, on:O, the:O, 13th:B-TIME, of:I-TIME, February:E-TIME, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'All the domains in both batches were initially registered with the same alias : “ John Kasai of Klagenfurt , Austria ” .' [/INST] [All:O, the:O, domains:O, in:O, both:O, batches:O, were:O, initially:O, registered:O, with:O, the:O, same:O, alias:O, ::O, “:O, John:O, Kasai:O, of:O, Klagenfurt:S-LOC, ,:O, Austria:S-LOC, ”:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'These domains were used by the Dukes in campaigns involving many of their different malware toolsets all the way until 2014 .' [/INST] [These:O, domains:O, were:O, used:O, by:O, the:O, Dukes:S-APT, in:O, campaigns:O, involving:O, many:O, of:O, their:O, different:O, malware:O, toolsets:O, all:O, the:O, way:O, until:O, 2014:S-TIME, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'Like the “ MiniDuke loader ” , these “ John Kasai ” domains also provide a common thread tying together much of the tools and infrastructure of the Dukes .' [/INST] [Like:O, the:O, “:O, MiniDuke:S-MAL, loader:O, ”:O, ,:O, these:O, “:O, John:O, Kasai:O, ”:O, domains:O, also:O, provide:O, a:O, common:O, thread:O, tying:O, together:O, much:O, of:O, the:O, tools:O, and:O, infrastructure:O, of:O, the:O, Dukes:S-APT, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'By 2011 , the Dukes had already developed at least 3 distinct malware toolsets , including a plethora of supporting components such as loaders and persistence modules .' [/INST] [By:O, 2011:S-TIME, ,:O, the:O, Dukes:S-APT, had:O, already:O, developed:O, at:O, least:O, 3:O, distinct:O, malware:O, toolsets:O, ,:O, including:O, a:O, plethora:O, of:O, supporting:O, components:O, such:O, as:O, loaders:O, and:O, persistence:O, modules:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'In fact , as a sign of their arsenal ’s breadth , they had already decided to retire one of these malware toolsets as obsolete after developing a replacement for it , seemingly from scratch .' [/INST] [In:O, fact:O, ,:O, as:O, a:O, sign:O, of:O, their:O, arsenal:O, ’s:O, breadth:O, ,:O, they:O, had:O, already:O, decided:O, to:O, retire:O, one:O, of:O, these:O, malware:O, toolsets:O, as:O, obsolete:O, after:O, developing:O, a:O, replacement:O, for:O, it:O, ,:O, seemingly:O, from:O, scratch:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'The Dukes continued the expansion of their arsenal in 2011 with the addition of two more toolsets : MiniDuke and CozyDuke .' [/INST] [The:O, Dukes:S-APT, continued:O, the:O, expansion:O, of:O, their:O, arsenal:O, in:O, 2011:S-TIME, with:O, the:O, addition:O, of:O, two:O, more:O, toolsets:O, ::O, MiniDuke:S-MAL, and:O, CozyDuke:S-MAL, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'While all of the earlier toolsets – GeminiDuke , PinchDuke , and CosmicDuke – were designed around a core infostealer component , MiniDuke is centered on a simplistic backdoor component whose purpose is to enable the remote execution of commands on the compromised system .' [/INST] [While:O, all:O, of:O, the:O, earlier:O, toolsets:O, –:O, GeminiDuke:S-MAL, ,:O, PinchDuke:S-MAL, ,:O, and:O, CosmicDuke:S-MAL, –:O, were:O, designed:O, around:O, a:O, core:O, infostealer:O, component:O, ,:O, MiniDuke:S-MAL, is:O, centered:O, on:O, a:O, simplistic:O, backdoor:O, component:O, whose:O, purpose:O, is:O, to:O, enable:O, the:O, remote:O, execution:O, of:O, commands:O, on:O, the:O, compromised:O, system:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'The first observed samples of the MiniDuke backdoor component are from May 2011 .' [/INST] [The:O, first:O, observed:O, samples:O, of:O, the:O, MiniDuke:B-MAL, backdoor:E-MAL, component:O, are:O, from:O, May:B-TIME, 2011:E-TIME, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'This backdoor component however is technically very closely related to GeminiDuke , to the extent that we believe them to share parts of their source code .' [/INST] [This:O, backdoor:O, component:O, however:O, is:O, technically:O, very:O, closely:O, related:O, to:O, GeminiDuke:S-MAL, ,:O, to:O, the:O, extent:O, that:O, we:O, believe:O, them:O, to:O, share:O, parts:O, of:O, their:O, source:O, code:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'The origins of MiniDuke can thus be traced back to the origins of GeminiDuke , of which the earliest observed sample was compiled in January of 2009 .' [/INST] [The:O, origins:O, of:O, MiniDuke:S-MAL, can:O, thus:O, be:O, traced:O, back:O, to:O, the:O, origins:O, of:O, GeminiDuke:S-MAL, ,:O, of:O, which:O, the:O, earliest:O, observed:O, sample:O, was:O, compiled:O, in:O, January:B-TIME, of:I-TIME, 2009:E-TIME, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'Unlike the simplistic MiniDuke toolset , CozyDuke is a highly versatile , modular , malware “ platform ” whose functionality lies not in a single core component but in an array of modules that it may be instructed to download from its C&C server .' [/INST] [Unlike:O, the:O, simplistic:O, MiniDuke:S-MAL, toolset:O, ,:O, CozyDuke:S-MAL, is:O, a:O, highly:O, versatile:O, ,:O, modular:O, ,:O, malware:O, “:O, platform:O, ”:O, whose:O, functionality:O, lies:O, not:O, in:O, a:O, single:O, core:O, component:O, but:O, in:O, an:O, array:O, of:O, modules:O, that:O, it:O, may:O, be:O, instructed:O, to:O, download:O, from:O, its:O, C&C:S-TOOL, server:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'These modules are used to selectively provide CozyDuke with just the functionality deemed necessary for the mission at hand .' [/INST] [These:O, modules:O, are:O, used:O, to:O, selectively:O, provide:O, CozyDuke:S-MAL, with:O, just:O, the:O, functionality:O, deemed:O, necessary:O, for:O, the:O, mission:O, at:O, hand:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'CozyDuke ’s modular platform approach is a clear break from the designs of the previous Duke toolsets .' [/INST] [CozyDuke:S-MAL, ’s:O, modular:O, platform:O, approach:O, is:O, a:O, clear:O, break:O, from:O, the:O, designs:O, of:O, the:O, previous:O, Duke:S-APT, toolsets:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'The stylistic differences between CozyDuke and its older siblings are further exemplified by the way it was coded .' [/INST] [The:O, stylistic:O, differences:O, between:O, CozyDuke:S-MAL, and:O, its:O, older:O, siblings:O, are:O, further:O, exemplified:O, by:O, the:O, way:O, it:O, was:O, coded:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'All of the 4 previously mentioned toolsets were written in a minimalistic style commonly seen with malware ; MiniDuke even goes as far as having many components written in Assembly language .' [/INST] [All:O, of:O, the:O, 4:O, previously:O, mentioned:O, toolsets:O, were:O, written:O, in:O, a:O, minimalistic:O, style:O, commonly:O, seen:O, with:O, malware:O, ;:O, MiniDuke:S-MAL, even:O, goes:O, as:O, far:O, as:O, having:O, many:O, components:O, written:O, in:O, Assembly:O, language:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'CozyDuke however represents the complete opposite .' [/INST] [CozyDuke:S-MAL, however:O, represents:O, the:O, complete:O, opposite:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'Instead of being written in Assembly or C , it was written in C++ , which provides added layers of abstraction for the developer ’s perusal , at the cost of added complexity .' [/INST] [Instead:O, of:O, being:O, written:O, in:O, Assembly:O, or:O, C:S-TOOL, ,:O, it:O, was:O, written:O, in:O, C++:S-TOOL, ,:O, which:O, provides:O, added:O, layers:O, of:O, abstraction:O, for:O, the:O, developer:O, ’s:O, perusal:O, ,:O, at:O, the:O, cost:O, of:O, added:O, complexity:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'Contrary to what might be expected from malware , early CozyDuke versions also lacked any attempt at obfuscating or hiding their true nature .' [/INST] [Contrary:O, to:O, what:O, might:O, be:O, expected:O, from:O, malware:O, ,:O, early:O, CozyDuke:S-MAL, versions:O, also:O, lacked:O, any:O, attempt:O, at:O, obfuscating:O, or:O, hiding:O, their:O, true:O, nature:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'In fact , they were extremely open and verbose about their functionality - for example , early samples contained a plethora of logging messages in unencrypted form .' [/INST] [In:O, fact:O, ,:O, they:O, were:O, extremely:O, open:O, and:O, verbose:O, about:O, their:O, functionality:O, -:O, for:O, example:O, ,:O, early:O, samples:O, contained:O, a:O, plethora:O, of:O, logging:O, messages:O, in:O, unencrypted:O, form:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'In comparison , even the earliest known GeminiDuke samples encrypted any strings that might have given away the malware ’s true nature .' [/INST] [In:O, comparison:O, ,:O, even:O, the:O, earliest:O, known:O, GeminiDuke:S-MAL, samples:O, encrypted:O, any:O, strings:O, that:O, might:O, have:O, given:O, away:O, the:O, malware:O, ’s:O, true:O, nature:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'Finally , early CozyDuke versions also featured other elements that one would associate more with a traditional software development project than with malware .' [/INST] [Finally:O, ,:O, early:O, CozyDuke:S-MAL, versions:O, also:O, featured:O, other:O, elements:O, that:O, one:O, would:O, associate:O, more:O, with:O, a:O, traditional:O, software:O, development:O, project:O, than:O, with:O, malware:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'For instance , the earliest known CozyDuke version utilized a feature of the Microsoft Visual C++ compiler known as run-time error checking .' [/INST] [For:O, instance:O, ,:O, the:O, earliest:O, known:O, CozyDuke:S-MAL, version:O, utilized:O, a:O, feature:O, of:O, the:O, Microsoft:S-IDTY, Visual:S-TOOL, C++:S-TOOL, compiler:O, known:O, as:O, run-time:O, error:O, checking:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'This feature added automatic error checking to critical parts of the program ’s execution at the cost , from a malware perspective , of providing additional hints that make the malware ’s functionality easier for reverse engineers to understand .' [/INST] [This:O, feature:O, added:O, automatic:O, error:O, checking:O, to:O, critical:O, parts:O, of:O, the:O, program:O, ’s:O, execution:O, at:O, the:O, cost:O, ,:O, from:O, a:O, malware:O, perspective:O, ,:O, of:O, providing:O, additional:O, hints:O, that:O, make:O, the:O, malware:O, ’s:O, functionality:O, easier:O, for:O, reverse:O, engineers:O, to:O, understand:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'Based on these and other similar stylistic differences observed between CozyDuke and its older siblings , we speculate that while the older Duke families appear to be the work of someone with a background in malware writing ( or at the least in hacking ) , CozyDuke ’s author or authors more likely came from a software development background .' [/INST] [Based:O, on:O, these:O, and:O, other:O, similar:O, stylistic:O, differences:O, observed:O, between:O, CozyDuke:S-MAL, and:O, its:O, older:O, siblings:O, ,:O, we:O, speculate:O, that:O, while:O, the:O, older:O, Duke:S-APT, families:O, appear:O, to:O, be:O, the:O, work:O, of:O, someone:O, with:O, a:O, background:O, in:O, malware:O, writing:O, (:O, or:O, at:O, the:O, least:O, in:O, hacking:O, ):O, ,:O, CozyDuke:S-MAL, ’s:O, author:O, or:O, authors:O, more:O, likely:O, came:O, from:O, a:O, software:O, development:O, background:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'We still know surprisingly few specifics about the Dukes group ’s activities during 2012 .' [/INST] [We:O, still:O, know:O, surprisingly:O, few:O, specifics:O, about:O, the:O, Dukes:S-APT, group:O, ’s:O, activities:O, during:O, 2012:S-TIME, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'Based on samples of Duke malware from 2012 , the Dukes do appear to have continued actively using and developing all of their tools .' [/INST] [Based:O, on:O, samples:O, of:O, Duke:S-APT, malware:O, from:O, 2012:S-TIME, ,:O, the:O, Dukes:S-APT, do:O, appear:O, to:O, have:O, continued:O, actively:O, using:O, and:O, developing:O, all:O, of:O, their:O, tools:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'Of these , CosmicDuke and MiniDuke appear to have been in more active use , while receiving only minor updates .' [/INST] [Of:O, these:O, ,:O, CosmicDuke:S-MAL, and:O, MiniDuke:S-MAL, appear:O, to:O, have:O, been:O, in:O, more:O, active:O, use:O, ,:O, while:O, receiving:O, only:O, minor:O, updates:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'GeminiDuke and CozyDuke on the other hand appear to have been less used in actual operations , but did undergo much more significant development .' [/INST] [GeminiDuke:S-MAL, and:O, CozyDuke:S-MAL, on:O, the:O, other:O, hand:O, appear:O, to:O, have:O, been:O, less:O, used:O, in:O, actual:O, operations:O, ,:O, but:O, did:O, undergo:O, much:O, more:O, significant:O, development:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'On the 12th of February 2013 , FireEye published a blogpost alerting readers to a combination of new Adobe Reader 0-day vulnerabilities , CVE-2013-0640 and CVE-2013-0641 , that were being actively exploited in the wild . 8 days after FireEye ’s initial alert , Kaspersky spotted the same exploit being used to spread an entirely different malware family from the one mentioned in the original report .' [/INST] [On:O, the:O, 12th:B-TIME, of:I-TIME, February:I-TIME, 2013:E-TIME, ,:O, FireEye:S-SECTEAM, published:O, a:O, blogpost:O, alerting:O, readers:O, to:O, a:O, combination:O, of:O, new:O, Adobe:B-TOOL, Reader:E-TOOL, 0-day:S-VULNAME, vulnerabilities:O, ,:O, CVE-2013-0640:S-VULID, and:O, CVE-2013-0641:S-VULID, ,:O, that:O, were:O, being:O, actively:O, exploited:O, in:O, the:O, wild:O, .:O, 8:O, days:O, after:O, FireEye:S-SECTEAM, ’s:O, initial:O, alert:O, ,:O, Kaspersky:S-SECTEAM, spotted:O, the:O, same:O, exploit:O, being:O, used:O, to:O, spread:O, an:O, entirely:O, different:O, malware:O, family:O, from:O, the:O, one:O, mentioned:O, in:O, the:O, original:O, report:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'On 27th February , Kaspersky and CrySyS Lab published research on this previously unidentified malware family , dubbing it MiniDuke .' [/INST] [On:O, 27th:B-TIME, February:E-TIME, ,:O, Kaspersky:S-SECTEAM, and:O, CrySyS:B-SECTEAM, Lab:E-SECTEAM, published:O, research:O, on:O, this:O, previously:O, unidentified:O, malware:O, family:O, ,:O, dubbing:O, it:O, MiniDuke:S-MAL, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'As we now know , by February 2013 the Dukes group had been operating MiniDuke and other toolsets for at least 4 and a half years .' [/INST] [As:O, we:O, now:O, know:O, ,:O, by:O, February:B-TIME, 2013:E-TIME, the:O, Dukes:S-APT, group:O, had:O, been:O, operating:O, MiniDuke:S-MAL, and:O, other:O, toolsets:O, for:O, at:O, least:O, 4:B-TIME, and:I-TIME, a:I-TIME, half:I-TIME, years:E-TIME, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'Their malware had not stayed undetected for those 4 and a half years .' [/INST] [Their:O, malware:O, had:O, not:O, stayed:O, undetected:O, for:O, those:O, 4:B-TIME, and:I-TIME, a:I-TIME, half:I-TIME, years:E-TIME, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'In fact , in 2009 a PinchDuke sample had been included in the malware set used by the AV-Test security product testing organization to perform anti-virus product comparison reviews .' [/INST] [In:O, fact:O, ,:O, in:O, 2009:S-TIME, a:O, PinchDuke:S-MAL, sample:O, had:O, been:O, included:O, in:O, the:O, malware:O, set:O, used:O, by:O, the:O, AV-Test:S-SECTEAM, security:O, product:O, testing:O, organization:O, to:O, perform:O, anti-virus:O, product:O, comparison:O, reviews:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'Until 2013 however , earlier Duke toolsets had not been put in a proper context .' [/INST] [Until:O, 2013:S-TIME, however:O, ,:O, earlier:O, Duke:S-APT, toolsets:O, had:O, not:O, been:O, put:O, in:O, a:O, proper:O, context:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'That finally started to change in 2013 .' [/INST] [That:O, finally:O, started:O, to:O, change:O, in:O, 2013:S-TIME, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'The MiniDuke samples that were spread using these exploits were compiled on the 20th of February , after the exploit was already publicly known .' [/INST] [The:O, MiniDuke:S-MAL, samples:O, that:O, were:O, spread:O, using:O, these:O, exploits:O, were:O, compiled:O, on:O, the:O, 20th:B-TIME, of:I-TIME, February:E-TIME, ,:O, after:O, the:O, exploit:O, was:O, already:O, publicly:O, known:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'One might argue that since this took place after the exploits were publicly mentioned , the Dukes simply copied them .' [/INST] [One:O, might:O, argue:O, that:O, since:O, this:O, took:O, place:O, after:O, the:O, exploits:O, were:O, publicly:O, mentioned:O, ,:O, the:O, Dukes:S-APT, simply:O, copied:O, them:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'We however do not believe so .' [/INST] [We:O, however:O, do:O, not:O, believe:O, so:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'As mentioned by Kaspersky , even though the exploits used for these MiniDuke campaigns were near-identical to those described by FireEye , there were nevertheless small differences .' [/INST] [As:O, mentioned:O, by:O, Kaspersky:S-SECTEAM, ,:O, even:O, though:O, the:O, exploits:O, used:O, for:O, these:O, MiniDuke:S-MAL, campaigns:O, were:O, near-identical:O, to:O, those:O, described:O, by:O, FireEye:S-SECTEAM, ,:O, there:O, were:O, nevertheless:O, small:O, differences:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'Of these , the crucial one is the presence of PDB strings in the MiniDuke exploits .' [/INST] [Of:O, these:O, ,:O, the:O, crucial:O, one:O, is:O, the:O, presence:O, of:O, PDB:S-TOOL, strings:O, in:O, the:O, MiniDuke:S-MAL, exploits:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'These strings , which are generated by the compiler when using specific compilation settings , means that the components of the exploits used with MiniDuke had to have been compiled independently from those described by FireEye .' [/INST] [These:O, strings:O, ,:O, which:O, are:O, generated:O, by:O, the:O, compiler:O, when:O, using:O, specific:O, compilation:O, settings:O, ,:O, means:O, that:O, the:O, components:O, of:O, the:O, exploits:O, used:O, with:O, MiniDuke:S-MAL, had:O, to:O, have:O, been:O, compiled:O, independently:O, from:O, those:O, described:O, by:O, FireEye:S-SECTEAM, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'We do not know whether the Dukes compiled the components themselves or whether someone else compiled the components before handing them to the group .' [/INST] [We:O, do:O, not:O, know:O, whether:O, the:O, Dukes:S-APT, compiled:O, the:O, components:O, themselves:O, or:O, whether:O, someone:O, else:O, compiled:O, the:O, components:O, before:O, handing:O, them:O, to:O, the:O, group:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'This does however still rule out the possibility that the Dukes simply obtained copies of the exploit binaries described by FireEye and repurposed them .' [/INST] [This:O, does:O, however:O, still:O, rule:O, out:O, the:O, possibility:O, that:O, the:O, Dukes:S-APT, simply:O, obtained:O, copies:O, of:O, the:O, exploit:O, binaries:O, described:O, by:O, FireEye:S-SECTEAM, and:O, repurposed:O, them:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'In our opinion , this insistence on using exploits that are already under heightened scrutiny suggests the existence of at least one of three circumstances .' [/INST] [In:O, our:O, opinion:O, ,:O, this:O, insistence:O, on:O, using:O, exploits:O, that:O, are:O, already:O, under:O, heightened:O, scrutiny:O, suggests:O, the:O, existence:O, of:O, at:O, least:O, one:O, of:O, three:O, circumstances:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'Firstly , the Dukes may have been confident enough in their own abilities ( and in the slowness of their opponents to react to new threats ) that they did not care if their targets may already be on the lookout for anyone exploiting these vulnerabilities .' [/INST] [Firstly:O, ,:O, the:O, Dukes:S-APT, may:O, have:O, been:O, confident:O, enough:O, in:O, their:O, own:O, abilities:O, (:O, and:O, in:O, the:O, slowness:O, of:O, their:O, opponents:O, to:O, react:O, to:O, new:O, threats:O, ):O, that:O, they:O, did:O, not:O, care:O, if:O, their:O, targets:O, may:O, already:O, be:O, on:O, the:O, lookout:O, for:O, anyone:O, exploiting:O, these:O, vulnerabilities:O, .:O] </s> |
<s>[INST] You are a cybersecurity and NLP expert tasked with named entity extraction. You need to provide the named entities for each token in the given sentence. You will be penalized for incorrect predictions. Identify the entities for the following sentence: 'Secondly , the value the Dukes intended to gain from these MiniDuke campaigns may have been so great that they deemed it worth the risk of getting noticed .' [/INST] [Secondly:O, ,:O, the:O, value:O, the:O, Dukes:S-APT, intended:O, to:O, gain:O, from:O, these:O, MiniDuke:S-MAL, campaigns:O, may:O, have:O, been:O, so:O, great:O, that:O, they:O, deemed:O, it:O, worth:O, the:O, risk:O, of:O, getting:O, noticed:O, .:O] </s> |